Wikibooks enwikibooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikibooks Wikibooks talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Cookbook Cookbook talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikijunior Wikijunior talk Subject Subject talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 385 4633583 4633487 2026-05-03T02:01:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Various Transwiki Namespace Pages */ Reply 4633583 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Annotations to The Joy of Music]] == Abandoned with minimal content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 August 2025 (UTC) :Author of the book/page here. I wouldn't call it "abandoned": it's still a start, but I'm here and do plan to fill out the rest (most of the annotations are for the early part of the book though). :I'm an experience editor at Wikipedia and Wiktionary, but am not very familiar with Wikibooks standards. When reading this book, I found myself looking up unfamiliar terms and quotes and thought some annotations would be helpful when reading or especially studying the text. It's a notable book by a notable author (extensive Wikipedia page). Here the source text is not freely available, but annotations are easy to add separately. I looked at [[WB:AT]] and existing examples of annotations and tried to follow them. Per [[WB:WIW]], the scope is instructional texts (including annotated texts), and minor works are in scope. :I'll grant that this is not large and not likely to become very long – many books only need minor annotations – but the content would certainly have been helpful to me when reading this book. :Are there specific changes you'd suggest or general guidelines to follow in this kind of book? ::—Nils von Barth ([[User:Nbarth|nbarth]]) ([[User talk:Nbarth|talk]]) 02:42, 3 September 2025 (UTC) ::: Pinging @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] and @[[User:Nbarth|Nbarth]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I think I stand by my original reasoning given that no work has been done on it, and I don't think it contains enough content to hang around in main space for so long. What about moving it to user space? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:16, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Deleted page]] == Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template: * [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]] * [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC) :This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC) == [[Cereal Grains Through History]] == Abandoned with no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: The author (Karosent) objects to the deletion per their talk page: {{quote|:Yes, please do not delete this wiki book. It is a work in progress. It is just taking some time to make progress on it. Thank you.}} :{{courtesy ping}} to @[[User:Karosent|Karosent]] as the author of the book for their input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::If the user does intend to work on it, I think the best course of action would be moving it to user space until more progress is made. Having abandoned works around the main space is a bit messy. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] == Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks for looping me in. :::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine. :::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable. :::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context. :::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order. :::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated). :::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development). :::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task. :::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC) : As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History Books]] == Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Music Production Guide by Taskin Ahmed Kayum]] == no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:50, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is not a useful guide. It fails to provide any actionable directions to the reader. :As some advice to the author: you may want to try writing a guide on a narrower topic which you are personally familiar with, like how to produce a particular type of music, or how to use a particular piece of software to produce music. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, no useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[FORTRAN program for calculating representative parameters and operating conditions of AC overhead transmission lines]] == As the title suggests, this page is primarily code for a computer program, not a book. Wikibooks is not a code hosting web site; this code might be more appropriate as a repository on a code hosting site such as Codeberg or GitHub. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:30, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Del}}, the book seems to be out of scope in its current state, especially considering that most of it is just code and it has no subpages. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:35, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :I agree that this is not a book in its current form. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Various Transwiki Namespace Pages == *[[Transwiki:Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting]] *[[Transwiki:Create bit mask algorithm]] *[[Transwiki:CRFL (CaReFuL mnemonic)]] *[[Transwiki:Developing a library websites]] *[[Transwiki:Fischer's Lovebird]] *[[Transwiki:Float (breakdancing move)]] *[[Transwiki:Front door method]] *[[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] *[[Transwiki:Horse grooming]] *[[Transwiki:How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot]] *[[Transwiki:Humminbird PC connection cable wiring diagramm. (AS PC2)]] *[[Transwiki:Inbound connectivity under 3G Datacard]] *[[Transwiki:Common Test Cases]] *[[Transwiki:Comparison of EHR solution providers]] *[[Transwiki:Computer forensics]] *[[Transwiki:Barter]] *[[Transwiki:Career domains in computer science]] *[[Transwiki:Buying snowboards]] *[[Transwiki:Common chemicals]] *[[Transwiki:B+ Tree Java Implementation]] *[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]] *[[Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet]] *[[Transwiki:Silver-copper nitrate]] *[[Transwiki:Slating procedure]] *[[Transwiki:Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence]] *[[Transwiki:Technical writing for the Web]] *[[Transwiki:Technology roadmap]] *[[Transwiki:Special product and factoring]] *[[Transwiki:Researching Japanese names]] *[[Transwiki:Job-seeking expense tax deductions]] *[[Transwiki:Labeling family photos]] *[[Transwiki:List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves]] *[[Transwiki:Maude system]] *[[Transwiki:Model rocket]] *[[Transwiki:NIS Configuration on Debian]] *[[Transwiki:Paper model tutorials]] *[[Transwiki:Photosynthesis misconceptions]] *[[Transwiki:Project Schedule Development]] This list includes pages in the Transwiki namespaces that have mostly been imported from enwiki, which makes them unusable in a book. If there are any pages here that can be turned into a book, let me know and I can strike them out. I believe that all of these pages should be deleted as we do not allow encyclopedic material on Wikibooks, and these are mostly articles that were imported from English Wikipedia. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 13:25, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]], [[Transwiki:Horse grooming]], and [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] could be viable book content. None of the others obviously looked usable to me. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) ::I excluded Transwikis that could be added to books here, but the pages you mentioned do not seem usable to me (unless a specific book where they could be added is created). Additionally, in [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]], the tone is unfit for Wikibooks. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :I deleted a few of these that seemed unambiguously out of scope. I agree that most of them are not sufficiently book-like in scope on their own, and I think they warrant deletion unless anyone can identify specific books that can host them. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:01, 3 May 2026 (UTC) lf5irtnwnwkzvnwpq8tye7kx5j8tyrp 4633586 4633583 2026-05-03T02:04:50Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Adding deletion request for [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] 4633586 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Annotations to The Joy of Music]] == Abandoned with minimal content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 August 2025 (UTC) :Author of the book/page here. I wouldn't call it "abandoned": it's still a start, but I'm here and do plan to fill out the rest (most of the annotations are for the early part of the book though). :I'm an experience editor at Wikipedia and Wiktionary, but am not very familiar with Wikibooks standards. When reading this book, I found myself looking up unfamiliar terms and quotes and thought some annotations would be helpful when reading or especially studying the text. It's a notable book by a notable author (extensive Wikipedia page). Here the source text is not freely available, but annotations are easy to add separately. I looked at [[WB:AT]] and existing examples of annotations and tried to follow them. Per [[WB:WIW]], the scope is instructional texts (including annotated texts), and minor works are in scope. :I'll grant that this is not large and not likely to become very long – many books only need minor annotations – but the content would certainly have been helpful to me when reading this book. :Are there specific changes you'd suggest or general guidelines to follow in this kind of book? ::—Nils von Barth ([[User:Nbarth|nbarth]]) ([[User talk:Nbarth|talk]]) 02:42, 3 September 2025 (UTC) ::: Pinging @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] and @[[User:Nbarth|Nbarth]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I think I stand by my original reasoning given that no work has been done on it, and I don't think it contains enough content to hang around in main space for so long. What about moving it to user space? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:16, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Deleted page]] == Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template: * [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]] * [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC) :This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC) == [[Cereal Grains Through History]] == Abandoned with no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: The author (Karosent) objects to the deletion per their talk page: {{quote|:Yes, please do not delete this wiki book. It is a work in progress. It is just taking some time to make progress on it. Thank you.}} :{{courtesy ping}} to @[[User:Karosent|Karosent]] as the author of the book for their input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::If the user does intend to work on it, I think the best course of action would be moving it to user space until more progress is made. Having abandoned works around the main space is a bit messy. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] == Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks for looping me in. :::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine. :::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable. :::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context. :::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order. :::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated). :::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development). :::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task. :::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC) : As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History Books]] == Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Music Production Guide by Taskin Ahmed Kayum]] == no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:50, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is not a useful guide. It fails to provide any actionable directions to the reader. :As some advice to the author: you may want to try writing a guide on a narrower topic which you are personally familiar with, like how to produce a particular type of music, or how to use a particular piece of software to produce music. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, no useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[FORTRAN program for calculating representative parameters and operating conditions of AC overhead transmission lines]] == As the title suggests, this page is primarily code for a computer program, not a book. Wikibooks is not a code hosting web site; this code might be more appropriate as a repository on a code hosting site such as Codeberg or GitHub. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:30, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Del}}, the book seems to be out of scope in its current state, especially considering that most of it is just code and it has no subpages. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:35, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :I agree that this is not a book in its current form. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Various Transwiki Namespace Pages == *[[Transwiki:Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting]] *[[Transwiki:Create bit mask algorithm]] *[[Transwiki:CRFL (CaReFuL mnemonic)]] *[[Transwiki:Developing a library websites]] *[[Transwiki:Fischer's Lovebird]] *[[Transwiki:Float (breakdancing move)]] *[[Transwiki:Front door method]] *[[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] *[[Transwiki:Horse grooming]] *[[Transwiki:How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot]] *[[Transwiki:Humminbird PC connection cable wiring diagramm. (AS PC2)]] *[[Transwiki:Inbound connectivity under 3G Datacard]] *[[Transwiki:Common Test Cases]] *[[Transwiki:Comparison of EHR solution providers]] *[[Transwiki:Computer forensics]] *[[Transwiki:Barter]] *[[Transwiki:Career domains in computer science]] *[[Transwiki:Buying snowboards]] *[[Transwiki:Common chemicals]] *[[Transwiki:B+ Tree Java Implementation]] *[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]] *[[Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet]] *[[Transwiki:Silver-copper nitrate]] *[[Transwiki:Slating procedure]] *[[Transwiki:Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence]] *[[Transwiki:Technical writing for the Web]] *[[Transwiki:Technology roadmap]] *[[Transwiki:Special product and factoring]] *[[Transwiki:Researching Japanese names]] *[[Transwiki:Job-seeking expense tax deductions]] *[[Transwiki:Labeling family photos]] *[[Transwiki:List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves]] *[[Transwiki:Maude system]] *[[Transwiki:Model rocket]] *[[Transwiki:NIS Configuration on Debian]] *[[Transwiki:Paper model tutorials]] *[[Transwiki:Photosynthesis misconceptions]] *[[Transwiki:Project Schedule Development]] This list includes pages in the Transwiki namespaces that have mostly been imported from enwiki, which makes them unusable in a book. If there are any pages here that can be turned into a book, let me know and I can strike them out. I believe that all of these pages should be deleted as we do not allow encyclopedic material on Wikibooks, and these are mostly articles that were imported from English Wikipedia. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 13:25, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]], [[Transwiki:Horse grooming]], and [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] could be viable book content. None of the others obviously looked usable to me. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) ::I excluded Transwikis that could be added to books here, but the pages you mentioned do not seem usable to me (unless a specific book where they could be added is created). Additionally, in [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]], the tone is unfit for Wikibooks. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :I deleted a few of these that seemed unambiguously out of scope. I agree that most of them are not sufficiently book-like in scope on their own, and I think they warrant deletion unless anyone can identify specific books that can host them. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:01, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] == Abandoned, with several unresolved quality issues as outlined at [[User talk:Akira tanzivana]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:04, 3 May 2026 (UTC) md8it0c647qv9h9z0cv6rtxf50iz1c8 4633591 4633586 2026-05-03T02:08:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Adding deletion request for [[Bengali–Assamese script]] 4633591 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Annotations to The Joy of Music]] == Abandoned with minimal content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 August 2025 (UTC) :Author of the book/page here. I wouldn't call it "abandoned": it's still a start, but I'm here and do plan to fill out the rest (most of the annotations are for the early part of the book though). :I'm an experience editor at Wikipedia and Wiktionary, but am not very familiar with Wikibooks standards. When reading this book, I found myself looking up unfamiliar terms and quotes and thought some annotations would be helpful when reading or especially studying the text. It's a notable book by a notable author (extensive Wikipedia page). Here the source text is not freely available, but annotations are easy to add separately. I looked at [[WB:AT]] and existing examples of annotations and tried to follow them. Per [[WB:WIW]], the scope is instructional texts (including annotated texts), and minor works are in scope. :I'll grant that this is not large and not likely to become very long – many books only need minor annotations – but the content would certainly have been helpful to me when reading this book. :Are there specific changes you'd suggest or general guidelines to follow in this kind of book? ::—Nils von Barth ([[User:Nbarth|nbarth]]) ([[User talk:Nbarth|talk]]) 02:42, 3 September 2025 (UTC) ::: Pinging @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] and @[[User:Nbarth|Nbarth]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I think I stand by my original reasoning given that no work has been done on it, and I don't think it contains enough content to hang around in main space for so long. What about moving it to user space? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:16, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Deleted page]] == Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template: * [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]] * [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC) :This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC) == [[Cereal Grains Through History]] == Abandoned with no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: The author (Karosent) objects to the deletion per their talk page: {{quote|:Yes, please do not delete this wiki book. It is a work in progress. It is just taking some time to make progress on it. Thank you.}} :{{courtesy ping}} to @[[User:Karosent|Karosent]] as the author of the book for their input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::If the user does intend to work on it, I think the best course of action would be moving it to user space until more progress is made. Having abandoned works around the main space is a bit messy. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] == Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks for looping me in. :::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine. :::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable. :::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context. :::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order. :::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated). :::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development). :::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task. :::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC) : As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History Books]] == Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Music Production Guide by Taskin Ahmed Kayum]] == no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:50, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is not a useful guide. It fails to provide any actionable directions to the reader. :As some advice to the author: you may want to try writing a guide on a narrower topic which you are personally familiar with, like how to produce a particular type of music, or how to use a particular piece of software to produce music. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, no useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[FORTRAN program for calculating representative parameters and operating conditions of AC overhead transmission lines]] == As the title suggests, this page is primarily code for a computer program, not a book. Wikibooks is not a code hosting web site; this code might be more appropriate as a repository on a code hosting site such as Codeberg or GitHub. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:30, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Del}}, the book seems to be out of scope in its current state, especially considering that most of it is just code and it has no subpages. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:35, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :I agree that this is not a book in its current form. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Various Transwiki Namespace Pages == *[[Transwiki:Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting]] *[[Transwiki:Create bit mask algorithm]] *[[Transwiki:CRFL (CaReFuL mnemonic)]] *[[Transwiki:Developing a library websites]] *[[Transwiki:Fischer's Lovebird]] *[[Transwiki:Float (breakdancing move)]] *[[Transwiki:Front door method]] *[[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] *[[Transwiki:Horse grooming]] *[[Transwiki:How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot]] *[[Transwiki:Humminbird PC connection cable wiring diagramm. (AS PC2)]] *[[Transwiki:Inbound connectivity under 3G Datacard]] *[[Transwiki:Common Test Cases]] *[[Transwiki:Comparison of EHR solution providers]] *[[Transwiki:Computer forensics]] *[[Transwiki:Barter]] *[[Transwiki:Career domains in computer science]] *[[Transwiki:Buying snowboards]] *[[Transwiki:Common chemicals]] *[[Transwiki:B+ Tree Java Implementation]] *[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]] *[[Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet]] *[[Transwiki:Silver-copper nitrate]] *[[Transwiki:Slating procedure]] *[[Transwiki:Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence]] *[[Transwiki:Technical writing for the Web]] *[[Transwiki:Technology roadmap]] *[[Transwiki:Special product and factoring]] *[[Transwiki:Researching Japanese names]] *[[Transwiki:Job-seeking expense tax deductions]] *[[Transwiki:Labeling family photos]] *[[Transwiki:List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves]] *[[Transwiki:Maude system]] *[[Transwiki:Model rocket]] *[[Transwiki:NIS Configuration on Debian]] *[[Transwiki:Paper model tutorials]] *[[Transwiki:Photosynthesis misconceptions]] *[[Transwiki:Project Schedule Development]] This list includes pages in the Transwiki namespaces that have mostly been imported from enwiki, which makes them unusable in a book. If there are any pages here that can be turned into a book, let me know and I can strike them out. I believe that all of these pages should be deleted as we do not allow encyclopedic material on Wikibooks, and these are mostly articles that were imported from English Wikipedia. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 13:25, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]], [[Transwiki:Horse grooming]], and [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] could be viable book content. None of the others obviously looked usable to me. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) ::I excluded Transwikis that could be added to books here, but the pages you mentioned do not seem usable to me (unless a specific book where they could be added is created). Additionally, in [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]], the tone is unfit for Wikibooks. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :I deleted a few of these that seemed unambiguously out of scope. I agree that most of them are not sufficiently book-like in scope on their own, and I think they warrant deletion unless anyone can identify specific books that can host them. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:01, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] == Abandoned, with several unresolved quality issues as outlined at [[User talk:Akira tanzivana]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:04, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Bengali–Assamese script]] == Abandoned for three years with minimal content that is seemingly redundant to [[Bengali]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 3 May 2026 (UTC) grb6szihns3kfyupqh0pj7q8mu6y5cm 4633653 4633591 2026-05-03T02:23:02Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* Cereal Grains Through History */ addition ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4633653 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Annotations to The Joy of Music]] == Abandoned with minimal content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 August 2025 (UTC) :Author of the book/page here. I wouldn't call it "abandoned": it's still a start, but I'm here and do plan to fill out the rest (most of the annotations are for the early part of the book though). :I'm an experience editor at Wikipedia and Wiktionary, but am not very familiar with Wikibooks standards. When reading this book, I found myself looking up unfamiliar terms and quotes and thought some annotations would be helpful when reading or especially studying the text. It's a notable book by a notable author (extensive Wikipedia page). Here the source text is not freely available, but annotations are easy to add separately. I looked at [[WB:AT]] and existing examples of annotations and tried to follow them. Per [[WB:WIW]], the scope is instructional texts (including annotated texts), and minor works are in scope. :I'll grant that this is not large and not likely to become very long – many books only need minor annotations – but the content would certainly have been helpful to me when reading this book. :Are there specific changes you'd suggest or general guidelines to follow in this kind of book? ::—Nils von Barth ([[User:Nbarth|nbarth]]) ([[User talk:Nbarth|talk]]) 02:42, 3 September 2025 (UTC) ::: Pinging @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] and @[[User:Nbarth|Nbarth]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I think I stand by my original reasoning given that no work has been done on it, and I don't think it contains enough content to hang around in main space for so long. What about moving it to user space? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:16, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Deleted page]] == Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template: * [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]] * [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC) :This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC) == [[Cereal Grains Through History]] == Abandoned with no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: The author (Karosent) objects to the deletion per their talk page: {{quote|:Yes, please do not delete this wiki book. It is a work in progress. It is just taking some time to make progress on it. Thank you.}} :{{courtesy ping}} to @[[User:Karosent|Karosent]] as the author of the book for their input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::If the user does intend to work on it, I think the best course of action would be moving it to user space until more progress is made. Having abandoned works around the main space is a bit messy. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Karosent|Karosent]] again. Do you agree with the pages being moved to your userspace? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:23, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] == Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks for looping me in. :::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine. :::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable. :::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context. :::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order. :::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated). :::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development). :::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task. :::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC) : As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History Books]] == Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Music Production Guide by Taskin Ahmed Kayum]] == no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:50, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is not a useful guide. It fails to provide any actionable directions to the reader. :As some advice to the author: you may want to try writing a guide on a narrower topic which you are personally familiar with, like how to produce a particular type of music, or how to use a particular piece of software to produce music. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, no useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[FORTRAN program for calculating representative parameters and operating conditions of AC overhead transmission lines]] == As the title suggests, this page is primarily code for a computer program, not a book. Wikibooks is not a code hosting web site; this code might be more appropriate as a repository on a code hosting site such as Codeberg or GitHub. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:30, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Del}}, the book seems to be out of scope in its current state, especially considering that most of it is just code and it has no subpages. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:35, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :I agree that this is not a book in its current form. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Various Transwiki Namespace Pages == *[[Transwiki:Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting]] *[[Transwiki:Create bit mask algorithm]] *[[Transwiki:CRFL (CaReFuL mnemonic)]] *[[Transwiki:Developing a library websites]] *[[Transwiki:Fischer's Lovebird]] *[[Transwiki:Float (breakdancing move)]] *[[Transwiki:Front door method]] *[[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] *[[Transwiki:Horse grooming]] *[[Transwiki:How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot]] *[[Transwiki:Humminbird PC connection cable wiring diagramm. (AS PC2)]] *[[Transwiki:Inbound connectivity under 3G Datacard]] *[[Transwiki:Common Test Cases]] *[[Transwiki:Comparison of EHR solution providers]] *[[Transwiki:Computer forensics]] *[[Transwiki:Barter]] *[[Transwiki:Career domains in computer science]] *[[Transwiki:Buying snowboards]] *[[Transwiki:Common chemicals]] *[[Transwiki:B+ Tree Java Implementation]] *[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]] *[[Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet]] *[[Transwiki:Silver-copper nitrate]] *[[Transwiki:Slating procedure]] *[[Transwiki:Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence]] *[[Transwiki:Technical writing for the Web]] *[[Transwiki:Technology roadmap]] *[[Transwiki:Special product and factoring]] *[[Transwiki:Researching Japanese names]] *[[Transwiki:Job-seeking expense tax deductions]] *[[Transwiki:Labeling family photos]] *[[Transwiki:List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves]] *[[Transwiki:Maude system]] *[[Transwiki:Model rocket]] *[[Transwiki:NIS Configuration on Debian]] *[[Transwiki:Paper model tutorials]] *[[Transwiki:Photosynthesis misconceptions]] *[[Transwiki:Project Schedule Development]] This list includes pages in the Transwiki namespaces that have mostly been imported from enwiki, which makes them unusable in a book. If there are any pages here that can be turned into a book, let me know and I can strike them out. I believe that all of these pages should be deleted as we do not allow encyclopedic material on Wikibooks, and these are mostly articles that were imported from English Wikipedia. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 13:25, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]], [[Transwiki:Horse grooming]], and [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] could be viable book content. None of the others obviously looked usable to me. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) ::I excluded Transwikis that could be added to books here, but the pages you mentioned do not seem usable to me (unless a specific book where they could be added is created). Additionally, in [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]], the tone is unfit for Wikibooks. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :I deleted a few of these that seemed unambiguously out of scope. I agree that most of them are not sufficiently book-like in scope on their own, and I think they warrant deletion unless anyone can identify specific books that can host them. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:01, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] == Abandoned, with several unresolved quality issues as outlined at [[User talk:Akira tanzivana]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:04, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Bengali–Assamese script]] == Abandoned for three years with minimal content that is seemingly redundant to [[Bengali]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 3 May 2026 (UTC) egdsdtf0o7onu7f85rzws8xbmsa5k4q 4633802 4633653 2026-05-03T09:10:06Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 /* Various Transwiki Namespace Pages */ 4633802 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Annotations to The Joy of Music]] == Abandoned with minimal content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 August 2025 (UTC) :Author of the book/page here. I wouldn't call it "abandoned": it's still a start, but I'm here and do plan to fill out the rest (most of the annotations are for the early part of the book though). :I'm an experience editor at Wikipedia and Wiktionary, but am not very familiar with Wikibooks standards. When reading this book, I found myself looking up unfamiliar terms and quotes and thought some annotations would be helpful when reading or especially studying the text. It's a notable book by a notable author (extensive Wikipedia page). Here the source text is not freely available, but annotations are easy to add separately. I looked at [[WB:AT]] and existing examples of annotations and tried to follow them. Per [[WB:WIW]], the scope is instructional texts (including annotated texts), and minor works are in scope. :I'll grant that this is not large and not likely to become very long – many books only need minor annotations – but the content would certainly have been helpful to me when reading this book. :Are there specific changes you'd suggest or general guidelines to follow in this kind of book? ::—Nils von Barth ([[User:Nbarth|nbarth]]) ([[User talk:Nbarth|talk]]) 02:42, 3 September 2025 (UTC) ::: Pinging @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] and @[[User:Nbarth|Nbarth]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I think I stand by my original reasoning given that no work has been done on it, and I don't think it contains enough content to hang around in main space for so long. What about moving it to user space? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:16, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Deleted page]] == Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template: * [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]] * [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC) :This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC) == [[Cereal Grains Through History]] == Abandoned with no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: The author (Karosent) objects to the deletion per their talk page: {{quote|:Yes, please do not delete this wiki book. It is a work in progress. It is just taking some time to make progress on it. Thank you.}} :{{courtesy ping}} to @[[User:Karosent|Karosent]] as the author of the book for their input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::If the user does intend to work on it, I think the best course of action would be moving it to user space until more progress is made. Having abandoned works around the main space is a bit messy. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Karosent|Karosent]] again. Do you agree with the pages being moved to your userspace? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:23, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] == Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks for looping me in. :::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine. :::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable. :::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context. :::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order. :::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated). :::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development). :::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task. :::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC) : As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[History Books]] == Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Music Production Guide by Taskin Ahmed Kayum]] == no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:50, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is not a useful guide. It fails to provide any actionable directions to the reader. :As some advice to the author: you may want to try writing a guide on a narrower topic which you are personally familiar with, like how to produce a particular type of music, or how to use a particular piece of software to produce music. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, no useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == [[FORTRAN program for calculating representative parameters and operating conditions of AC overhead transmission lines]] == As the title suggests, this page is primarily code for a computer program, not a book. Wikibooks is not a code hosting web site; this code might be more appropriate as a repository on a code hosting site such as Codeberg or GitHub. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:30, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Del}}, the book seems to be out of scope in its current state, especially considering that most of it is just code and it has no subpages. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:35, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :I agree that this is not a book in its current form. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Various Transwiki Namespace Pages == *[[Transwiki:Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting]] *[[Transwiki:Create bit mask algorithm]] *[[Transwiki:CRFL (CaReFuL mnemonic)]] *[[Transwiki:Developing a library websites]] *<s>[[Transwiki:Fischer's Lovebird]]</s> *[[Transwiki:Float (breakdancing move)]] *[[Transwiki:Front door method]] *[[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] *[[Transwiki:Horse grooming]] *[[Transwiki:How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot]] *[[Transwiki:Humminbird PC connection cable wiring diagramm. (AS PC2)]] *[[Transwiki:Inbound connectivity under 3G Datacard]] *[[Transwiki:Common Test Cases]] *[[Transwiki:Comparison of EHR solution providers]] *[[Transwiki:Computer forensics]] *[[Transwiki:Barter]] *[[Transwiki:Career domains in computer science]] *[[Transwiki:Buying snowboards]] *[[Transwiki:Common chemicals]] *[[Transwiki:B+ Tree Java Implementation]] *[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]] *[[Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet]] *<s>[[Transwiki:Silver-copper nitrate]]</s> *[[Transwiki:Slating procedure]] *<s>[[Transwiki:Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence]]</s> *[[Transwiki:Technical writing for the Web]] *[[Transwiki:Technology roadmap]] *[[Transwiki:Special product and factoring]] *[[Transwiki:Researching Japanese names]] *[[Transwiki:Job-seeking expense tax deductions]] *[[Transwiki:Labeling family photos]] *[[Transwiki:List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves]] *<s>[[Transwiki:Maude system]]</s> *[[Transwiki:Model rocket]] *[[Transwiki:NIS Configuration on Debian]] *<s>[[Transwiki:Paper model tutorials]]</s> *[[Transwiki:Photosynthesis misconceptions]] *[[Transwiki:Project Schedule Development]] This list includes pages in the Transwiki namespaces that have mostly been imported from enwiki, which makes them unusable in a book. If there are any pages here that can be turned into a book, let me know and I can strike them out. I believe that all of these pages should be deleted as we do not allow encyclopedic material on Wikibooks, and these are mostly articles that were imported from English Wikipedia. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 13:25, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :[[Transwiki:Cattle judging]], [[Transwiki:Horse grooming]], and [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]] could be viable book content. None of the others obviously looked usable to me. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) ::I excluded Transwikis that could be added to books here, but the pages you mentioned do not seem usable to me (unless a specific book where they could be added is created). Additionally, in [[Transwiki:Hair Color Tips and Tricks]], the tone is unfit for Wikibooks. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :I deleted a few of these that seemed unambiguously out of scope. I agree that most of them are not sufficiently book-like in scope on their own, and I think they warrant deletion unless anyone can identify specific books that can host them. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:01, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] == Abandoned, with several unresolved quality issues as outlined at [[User talk:Akira tanzivana]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:04, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Bengali–Assamese script]] == Abandoned for three years with minimal content that is seemingly redundant to [[Bengali]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 3 May 2026 (UTC) 0yuvlsjaiip154v9pq141lp6cpk4fba 0 4255 4633582 4599359 2026-05-03T01:43:48Z Kwfd 3577794 Added Checkmates page 4633582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{featured book}}[[Image:ChessSet.jpg|300x300px|Some chess pieces: (from left to right) a white king, a black rook, a black queen, a white pawn, a black knight, and a white bishop|center|frameless]] == Table of Contents == {{PDF version|Chess|Prepared 19 July 2006, file size 3.3 MB|Chess}} {{Print version}} #[[Chess/Introduction|Introduction]] #[[Chess/Arranging The Board|Arranging The Board]] #[[Chess/Playing The Game|Playing The Game]] #[[Chess/Notating The Game|Notating The Game]] #[[Chess/Tactics|Tactics]] #[[Chess/Tactics Exercises|Tactics Exercises]] #[[Chess/Checkmates|Checkmates]] #[[Chess/Strategy|Strategy]] #[[Chess/Basic Openings|Basic Openings]] #[[Chess/Sample chess game|Sample chess game]] #[[Chess/The Endgame/King and Queen vs. King|The Endgame]] #[[Chess/Variants|Variants]] #[[Chess/Tournaments|Tournaments]] #[[Chess/Famous Games|Famous Games]] #[[Chess/Puzzles|Puzzles]] #[[Chess/Computer Chess|Computer Chess]] #[[Chess/Optional homework|Optional homework]] #[[Chess/Tempo|Tempo]] == Related Wikibooks == * [[Chess Opening Theory]] treats the chess openings in much more detail. * [[Chess Strategy]] provides a more detailed understanding of chess strategy. {{clear}} {{Associated Wikimedia|Chess |Commons = Chess |Commons category = Chess |Wikinews category = Chess |Wikipedia = Chess |Wikipedia portal = Chess |Wikiquote = Chess |Wikiquote category = |Wikisource = |Wikisource category = |Wikiversity = |Wiktionary = chess |Wiktionary category = Chess }} {{Shelves|Chess}} {{Alphabetical|C}} {{status|100%}} {{subjects|Games|Board games}} [[ca:Escacs]] [[cy:Gwyddbwyll]] [[de:Schach]] [[es:Ajedrez]] [[fr:Apprendre à jouer aux échecs]] [[ko:체스]] [[it:Scacchi]] [[ms:Catur]] [[nl:Schaken]] [[ja:チェス]] [[oc:Escacs]] [[pa:ਸ਼ਤਰਂਜ]] [[pl:Szachy/Okładka]] [[pt:Xadrez]] [[ro:Şah]] [[fi:Shakkiaapinen]] [[th:หมากรุกสากล]] [[uk:Шахи]] [[zh:国际象棋]] 3y82jhjk5pepz7vpgyc0jhmwgn1j6jn 5 5410 4633534 4633201 2026-05-02T17:19:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-23542-67|~2026-23542-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-23542-67|talk]]) to last version by Codename Noreste 4620505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{metatalk}} == This needs to be updated == Now that I'm going to actually publish a book from Wikibooks, I've discovered a whole bunch of problems relating to copyright status that need to be covered. Essentially, I think we need to take most of the contents regarding hard copy printing and throw them out. According to U.S. law (and perhaps others), every single author needs to be given attribution, not just the top 5 contributors. Or perhaps we need to get a second opinion on this. Is is the top 5 edits by edit count? What other criteria are we going to use? What about requirements for nationality and place of residence? (This is for formal copyright registration.) I'm going to take this discussion to Wikipedia for some wider comment as well, but it needs to be updated and modified here, especially as it relates to Wikibooks. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 01:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC) : It would be interesting to get an update to learn if there were any results from this. --[[User:Swift|Swift]] 03:14, 1 December 2006 (UTC) == Why GFDL instead of GPL? == The GFDL looks as though it tries to give the original authors control over derived works by allowing invariant sections. I have seen mention of one document where the author has specified the whole of the document as an invariant section (I'll try to find a link). This makes a nonsense of any supposed ability to create derived or improved works. It seems that Wikibooks has made a deliberate attempt avoid this by stating that there will be no invariant sections, no front matter, etc. This seems to reduce the GFDL to something approaching the GPL so why not use the GPL instead? I can imagine circumstances where it would be desirable to include some of these books (if any of them ever attain the necessary quality) in Debian. But the GFDL is incompatible with the Debian social contract (as interpreted by Debian) so it can't be done; see http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.html. :It would have been nice for you to sign this statement with a <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) to let us know who you are and your opinion here. See the editing help page on Meta for more details. Going through the history log I can also find this information, but by omitting the sig, it seems as a random comment and hard to seperate out from other content. :I for one agree that the GFDL does have problems that need to be resolved, and is in need of some major overhaul...much more than the GPL. If you go to the [http://www.gnu.org/ Free Software Foundation website] you can find some discussion about this issue as well, and be able to help change the GFDL to overcome some of the objections you are talking about. I will say also, however, that the GPL is missing some key components for textual literary works that are not needed for computer source code or binary distribution, so the GPL is also insufficient to cover everything that you need for a literary work. Wikibooks, and indeed all Wikimedia Foundation projects actually use a specific subset of the GFDL that cover the GFDL with "with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts." This is a key distinction that avoid many of the common objections, but there are others to worry about as well, as you've pointed out.{{pbri}}BTW, you might want to do a very careful read of version 1.2 of the GFDL to see that some of the objections have also been dealt with. It appears as though the Debian position statement was for the GFDL version 1.0, which is different from the 1.2 version (although not apparent from the discussion). Of particular note is that the transparent vs. opaque discussion IMHO is totally wrong. Opaque copies are the literary version of binary distribution. PDF files are a good example, although this is primarily concerned with printed copies that don't even require computer technology to be able to "read" them. The attempt in this section is to encourage people recieving printed works that they don't have to go through a Distributed Proofreaders type of OCR conversion (with editing rounds) just to have the ability to reprint the book they are reading. If you have ever read a manual that was a 6th or 10th generation photocopy of some other document, I hope you appreciate what having the original "source material" as a machine readable text can mean. The GPL has similar requirement for binary distribution together with the source, and as a matter of policy myself when distributing software (I am a software engineer who has also used the GPL for some projects) I include a copy of the source as well... especially at the download site (which is critical). Unfortuately when you buy a book in a bookstore, the "download site" into your hands to read the book usually does not have a computer network terminal or other convinent means to get the source material. The same could be said if you bought a CD-ROM with GPL software (I've done that too), but if you abide with the spirt of the GPL, the source would also be included. Some of this is also derived from the fights over items like Tivo that are reluctant to release source code for GPL'd software modification that consumers are indirectly using. This makes it clear that you as an end-user should be able to get raw machine readable source material somehow. I've also been involved with an unscrupilous supervisor who "GPL'd" some software for one day only, and "copyied" the software for his own personal use when he left the company. A similar issue happened with the Gnutella network software when it was released by Netscape just before the AOL buyout (or was that right afterward?){{pbri}}There are other legal issues that pertain only to literary works that the GFDL attempts to deal with that are not really covered with any other licese, although Creative Commons does try to do a good job. The GPL/GFDL incompatability issues are a huge deal, and that is something that IMHO the Free Software Foundation can and should deal with (particularly since they wrote both licenses). In short, if you want to make a copyleft literary work available, what license would you suggest? Also keep in mind that this issue has been throughally vetted in other forums, including when [[w:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]], [[w:Nupedia|Nupedia]], and [[w:Gnupedia|Gnupedia]] all were started. These are essentially the same thing...or at least have similar roots and the projects all merged together at some point. As far as how this affects Wikibooks, on the other hand, is another issue. We do, however, have to maintain compatability with other Wikimedia projects, and keep in mind that all existing content on all Wikimedia Foundation servers (slightly over 1 TB of data, from what I've seen, and growing at a rate of about 4-7% per ''month'') is already GFDL'd, so changing licenses is going to be a huge deal, not something done as a casual unsigned comment on an obscure page is going to change. We treat this issue seriously, however, and invite discussion of what changes can be done to help encourage a copyleft distribution of literary content. At this point, however, the GFDL may have to be changed than for us to change to something other than the GFDL.... and it may be easier to accomplish as well. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 10:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC) Sorry about the lack of signature, I'm afraid I'm not very competent at editing yet. [[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 18:57:43, 2005-08-22 (UTC) I'm afraid I really don't know what license would be best and I'm not really qualified to pronounce on it anyway. What I want is that any content that I provide be available to anyone to use for whatever purpose they wish and for those who distribute derived works to be required to give the same freedoms to everyone else. Additionally I do not want to burden those who might want to create a derived work from a small part of a document with requirements to attach verbose licences (WikiTravel has a discussion on exactly this point explaining why they rejected the GFDL). Any incompatibility between GPL and GFDL would be especially important to me and to many programmers because we write both code and manuals for that code. A substantial program might also have a textbook associated with it. The point is to encourage the free flow of information. I do understand that there are a lot of documents in these Wiki's now that are covered by GFDL but I can't agree that that is a reasonable argument against change, only against careless change. Circumstances change all the time. Anyway how could you change the licence of existing text? Wouldn't you have to contact all the contributors? I'm aware of the clause in both GPL and GFDL that state that the creator of a derived work can follow the rules in 'any later version' but I wonder how that would stand up to a legal challenge if the terms were to change significantly. Sorry about the mutiple edits, finger trouble on the refresh button. [[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 09:17:47, 2005-08-23 (UTC) :If you want to get a glimpse at the magnitude of your request, see [[Special:Listusers|User list]], which is a list of all of the registered users here on Wikibooks. And keep in mind that a substantial number of people also contribute "anonymously", so technically you would have to dump the entire database and restart the entire project if you decided to switch licenses. This is currently under discussion at Wikitree (a genealogical website that wants to become a part of Wikimedia sometime in the future... if possible). The problem there is that the person who started the site made the license CC-by-SA-NC, which made it incompatable with the GFDL and the GPL in a major way (the non-commercial use only clause). A debate there over what license should be used is occuring, and they are facing the very real possibility of throwing away their entire database and restarting the project. It is only a couple of months old, so that may be a real possibility, and they do consider that the project proposal is still in beta. License issues at the beginning of a project are critical. This debate is also ongoing at Wikinews, and their "solution" to the problem is to simply make all content put into the public domain (no license at all). That way it is compabatable with all copyleft licenses until they can come to a decision as to what specific copyleft license that they want to use, even if they have to draft that license themselves. That also misses the legal protections that a copyright license affords to keep people abusing the "commons", but in the case of Wikinews it was not perceived to be as big of a deal. The #1 complaint there is the license republishing requirement of the GFDL made it absurd to use GFDL (as would the GPL under similar circumstances) for any short 5-10 paragraph news articles by commercial news outlets (like a small-town newspaper that decided to trash their annual AP wire fee and use Wikinews instead... or even as a suppliment).{{pbri}}Particularly so visible of a project like Wikimedia Foundation projects do indeed get notice from the Free Software Foundation, and it is having a major impact in the future of the GFDL. There are discussions going on right now (on some mailing lists that I don't know the URL for at the moment) about future changes to the GFDL that has included comments from Wikipedia and other Wikimedia users, and taken very seriously. Particularly when you note that Wikipedia alone is perhaps close to 50% of current content written using the GFDL (or more...but stats like that would be hard to come by). Both the GPL and the GFDL are due for an update soon and both have been announced by Richard Stallman. The GPL update is a bigger concern because Linus Torvald got rid of the "or later update" clause in the GPL for the Linux kernel, which "freezes" the GPL at it current version. Linus did that for a specific legal reason, and debate over that decision can be found elsewhere on the web. Slashdot has done a particularly good job of covering that specific issue (especially within the user comment areas), but you do have to dig real hard.{{pbri}}If you do want to get involved with this issue and bring it up to a larger audience that includes people who can make a change (at least within the Wikimedia Foundation) I would suggest that you look at [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/foundation-l The Wikimedia Foundation mailing list] (also refered to commonly as Foundation-l on Wikimedia projects). There are a couple of hot-button ideas at the moment, but I'm sure you would get a solid reply as to why the GFDL is being used. You might want to dig through the archives as well if you might be interested. There are a couple of computer programming Wikibooks where issues of GPL/GFDL compatability are of importance, so there is some reason to try and hit this issue as well. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 12:24, 23 August 2005 (UTC) == Compatible licences == Is there a list of licences that are compatible with the GFDL? What I mean is: is there an easy way to discover whether a document or an excerpt from a document can be incorporated in a WikiBook without having to read carefully through all the complicated clauses. For instance, is the OpenOffice Public License compatible (http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/PDL.html). A concrete example: I would like to take some information from ''Programming OpenOffice.org with Visual Basic'' (http://www.kalitech.fr/clients/doc/VB_APIOOo_en.html) but it is under the OO public license which looks to me as though it isn't compatible, but I'm not sure. [[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 09:03, 17 September 2005 (UTC) :I would recommend that you take a look at the [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html GNU License List] that compares several licenses to licenses authored by the Free Software Foundation. Look toward the bottom of the page for the GFDL compatable licenses as opposed to the GPL. There are a couple licenses listed there that are compatable, and this list should be expanded. If you are interested in researching this topic, it would be a good discussion to add to the [[m:|Wikimedia Meta Server]] and adding a list of compatable licenses to the GFDL. In addition, writing to Richard Stallman or somebody else at the Free Software Foundations with some document licenses that may be compatable with the GFDL would be useful as well. This is something that Mr. Stallman in particular is interested in and will give you some sort of reply on the matter... especially if the website in incomplete from what you have found out. I've had contact with Mr. Stallman in the past, and he has been very gracious and reasonable in his replies if you are also reasonable with your request. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 00:15, 19 September 2005 (UTC) == Orphan works == I have found a number of web pages that would make worthwhile additions to [[Programming:Visual Basic Classic]] but have failed to make contact with the copyright holders. It isn't just that the email isn't answered, sometimes it bounces and even Google fails to turn up a plausible alternative address. I wonder if anyone has any suggestions about how to track down the copyright holders of such orphan works. It seems to me that there is a lot of material on the web that is effectively unuseable because it has neither an explicit license granting free use nor a live contact who can be asked for permission. Sadly academic sites seem to be frequent offenders in this regard, even where they have an email address specifically noted as the one to use regarding copyright the mail often goes unanswered. --[[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 21:25, 23 September 2005 (UTC) :This is an ugly can of worms that you have just opened up. Prior to the "internationalization" of U.S. copyright (at least in the USA) that occured in the mid 1970's, all copyrighted works in the USA were required to file a formal registration with the U.S. Copyright Office, which is a part of the Library of Congress. As a part of the registration process, you needed to list the address of the publisher and other contact information, as well as the complete names and nationalities of all authors for the copyrighted work. This registration still occurs, but now it is voluntary and is seldom done except for items that are widely published or for people that don't mind paying the registration fee to do the formal paperwork. By registering the copyrighted work now, you gain statutory damages of $175,000 or more for a single copyright violation... that is above and beyond actual damages which can also be included. That copyright damage award can even be assessed against copyleft documents like Wikipedia (if somebody copies Wikipedia content, for example, without including the GFDL fine print or if they in turn claim copyright on the content). If the stuff you are trying to locate has been registered, you can contact the Library of Congress and get the publisher contact information. You may even be able to get that information on-line without having to actually talk to somebody. :For internet web pages, you can also try to find the domain registration information. For example, you can go to: http://www.internic.org/whois.html :and look up the '''''whois''''' information about the domain. Try to type in wikipedia.org in the domain area as an example to find who "owns" wikipedia.org. Back in the "good old days" this information was rather accurate, but the U.S. Dept. of Commerce has totally screwed up the internet and this registration is now close to meaningless. Still, you might get a clue as to who might have set up the internet domain, and sometimes people are honest when filling out these domain registrations. These addresses are usually Snail-Mail but also include sometimes e-mail addresses as well. I have seen addresses on Mars or Alpha Centari, so you can take those sort of addresses with a grain of salt. Better than having no contact information, however. By going through internic, you may have to do a domain search on a ''registrar's'' server, but internic has the names of the secondary registrars that you have to look up the information with, and generally where to go. The Whois information is supposed to be free to the public, but sometimes a bit of a pain to get to and some registrars don't exactly make it easy to find the "Whois" button on their web page. :The Library of Congress just had a symposium on what to do with orphaned works, and I believe is still seeking written comments about changes to copyright law. This issue is also likely to come before some future session of the U.S. Congress in the near future, so make sure you write to your local congressman if you are an American (or even if you aren't but want to weigh in on the issue.) Orphan works in particular would not be an issue with the old copyright laws, as a copyright which expires in just 20 years would normally be no big deal. With the current life+75 years, and no legal way to even know when a given author died unless they are incredibly famous, you can consider the current copyright term to be about 200 years.... basically the works of Thomas Jefferson would still be under copyright if the powers that be had their way. :In general, unless you have explicit permission in the form of something like the GFDL or something written by the author in your possession, consider most written works to be under copyright and untouchable for the purposes of Wikibooks. If you havn't guessed, I do have some strong political opinions on this subject.--[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 23:33, 23 September 2005 (UTC) ::Quote: 'consider most written works to be under copyright and untouchable for the purposes of Wikibooks'. That's pretty much what I concluded. The contact problem is generally not that I can't find out who is likely to be the copyright holder but that I can't get them to answer email even when I can be certain that they have received it. In one instance I even got an autoreply which said that the recipient was off work sick and I still didn't get a real reply. I just can't believe that most people get so much email that they can't afford the time to write one line saying yes or no. I think that I'll just have to admit that large chunks of the Visual Basic Classic book just won't ever get written because I'm too lazy to write the introductory stuff and have failed to get permission to copy anything else and haven't been able to persuade anyone else to contribute either. (Insert your favourite swear word here!) :-( --[[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 17:06, 24 September 2005 (UTC) == Permission Statements == What is the correct procedure when one has obtained permission to incorporate a copyrighted work? Where should that permission be stored? Is there any way of ensuring that the permission is not accidentally or deliberately overwritten or changed? See [[Programming:Visual Basic Classic/Coding Standards]] for an example. I placed the permission on the page where the work will eventually be written simply as a placeholder, I want to move it to a more logical place so that it is not in the middle of the actual text, but where? The talk page for that module doesn't seem right to me because modules can be radically changed so that the talk page no longer applies. Neither does the talk page for the main page of the book seem the right place as there is so much else there. Perhaps there should be a specific repository for such things? --[[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 07:10, 28 September 2005 (UTC) :Update: I've added a separate page in the book for such things. --[[User:Kwhitefoot|kwhitefoot]] 10:30, 28 September 2005 (UTC) == Non-commercial only distribution of Wikibooks content == There is a part of the [[LD]] wikibook (the CAT method in Appendixes) which may only be distributed freely if it is in its entirety and used non-commercially. Do I put the document (which has no official website) in its own page, so that it will be protected from editing? Do I remove the method? Do I replace it with a link to a forum post where he posted it? Do I contact the copyright holder to ask for a more liberal (yes, POV of me) license? [[User:R3m0t|r3m0t]] [[Special:Contributions/r3m0t|(cont)]] [[User talk:r3m0t|(talk)]] 16:54, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC) :I'll try to contact you directly on your use page about this issue, but yes, we need to make sure all content added to Wikibooks follows the terms of the GFDL, including the capability of commercial entities redistributing the content. If there is a non-commercial use only clause, such as the CC-by-SA-NC license, or even explicit non-commercial entities only, it is a copyright violation to have that content on Wikibooks. There are already several commercial mirrors of Wikibooks, and that is legal to do as long as they abide by the terms of the GFDL. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 17:47, 8 March 2006 (UTC) == Changes to content page == This should start with <code><nowiki>Copyright © 2003 – {{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki></code>, which would currently display as "Copyright © 2003 – {{CURRENTYEAR}}", so that the year automatically gets updated. &ndash;&nbsp;[[User:Mxn|Minh Nguyễn]] <small class="plainlinks">([[User talk:Mxn|talk]], [http://mxn.f2o.org/index.html blog])</small> 22:41, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC) *'''Changed''' - Thanks for pointing this out. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 17:47, 8 March 2006 (UTC) Minor thing: Under Use in hard copies (which is under Publication by third parties), number 5.1 says Provide a floopy disk, which should be changed to Provide a floppy disk [[User:70.59.165.242|70.59.165.242]] 15:12, 30 July 2006 (UTC) : Fixed, thanks. --[[User:Derbeth|Derbeth]] [[User talk:Derbeth|^talk]] 21:03, 30 July 2006 (UTC) ==Wikimedia Foundation licensing== I anticipate making a change to the page regarding WMF policy for official trademark and logo licensing agreements consistent with my earlier comments on Foundation-L. I will post the draft langauage here for comment.--[[User:BradPatrick|BradPatrick]] 12:01, 9 July 2006 (UTC) :It would be nice to know what is a trademark of the WMF (from the viewpoint of the WMF) as well, as the &#153; and &reg; symbols are currently not being used with much of what I would think are legitimate trademarks of the WMF. BTW, thanks for trying to address this issue. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 12:49, 11 July 2006 (UTC) :Great. I presume this will apply across-the-board to all WM-wiki content. [[User:Pfctdayelise|pfctdayelise]] 10:08, 12 July 2006 (UTC) :I hope you can eventually do the same regarding licensing of any copyrights held by the WMF. -anon ==Interwikis== [[es:Wikilibros:Copyrights]] [[ja:Wikibooks:著作権]] --[[User:Wikimi-dhiann|Wikimi-dhiann]] ([[User talk:Wikimi-dhiann|talk]]) 06:19, 19 November 2010 (UTC) == Books under alternative licenses == Currently the project page states: :''All content is considered to be released under the following terms unless otherwise indicated (for example; a clearly-marked quotation);'' I find this a little ambiguous. How prominent does the licensing statement have to be? Is a it enough to put it on the main page or does every page need to have it as well? What about talk pages? Would a link suffice or would the statement actually have to be there? --[[User:Swift|Swift]] 03:17, 1 December 2006 (UTC) == Some additions == I would like to add text to this policy that indicates the following: #Once a license has been granted to Wikibooks for material, an author may not remove or alter that license (follows from [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:GNU_Free_Documentation_License#9._TERMINATION Section 9 of the GFDL]). #That the page histories count as a [[w:byline]], and serve as legal attribution under the GFDL. Additional lists of authors are completely optional, are not considered "Invariant sections", and are not binding. These two points both follow directly from the GFDL, although many people have not completely read the text of that license and there is some confusion. --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]] <small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 02:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC) : '''Support'''. I didn't see this before but I do not object to either of these changes. I'm not sure what you mean by a ''byline'', I think we can just call it a "history" since the GFDL counts that as a legitimate attribution as well in the "combinations" section. [[User:Mattb112885|Mattb112885]] <small>([[User talk:Mattb112885|talk]]) </small> 18:01, 17 March 2007 (UTC) : '''Mixed view''' - while certainly something that can give credit to contributors, the page histories of MediaWiki does not really give enough information to effectively credit authors. I think it is something that can be worked with and derived from most page histories, but we shouldn't be establishing any legally binding opinions here. Certainly we shouldn't claim that this is legal attribution. It is a form of attribution that can be used to help determine who the authors really are, and with some work (quite a bit of work, actually) you can obtain the necessary information for proper legal attribution. I should note that the "invariant sections" of the GFDL is one of those things that causes huge complications when doing legal interpretations of the GFDL, and is one of the more controversial parts of this license. I could give some suggestions on how to meet the requirements of section 2(b) of the GFDL (author lists), but randomly grabbing five people from the page history is certainly not sufficient. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] 19:19, 17 March 2007 (UTC) ::It seems to be sufficient for MediaWiki itself ("''copyright (C) 2001-2007 Magnus Manske, Brion Vibber, Lee Daniel Crocker, Tim Starling, Erik Möller, Gabriel Wicke, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Niklas Laxström, Domas Mituzas, Rob Church and others"''), although that is the GPL. Having said that, full history importing will always be the ideal. [[User:Garrett|Garrett]]^{[[User talk:Garrett|Talk]]} 20:03, 17 March 2007 (UTC) :'''Support''', this is in agreement with what has been stated on Wikipedia (heck, there they say that even a backlink may be sufficient). If these methods were legally insufficient I'm sure someone would have brought it up by now. [[User:Garrett|Garrett]]^{[[User talk:Garrett|Talk]]} 20:03, 17 March 2007 (UTC) ::I've gone ahead and added the first point, since it seems to be supported, but I'm not sure how best to address the second point though in the text. --<span style="font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;">[[User:Darklama|<font color="midnightblue">dark</font>]][[User_talk:Darklama|<font color="green">lama</font>]]</span> 23:53, 4 May 2007 (UTC) == Interwiki link to Vietnamese Wikibooks == {{tlx|editprotected}} Please add an interwiki link to the Vietnamese version of this page: <nowiki>[[vi:Wikibooks:Quyền tác giả]]</nowiki> Thanks. &nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;[[User:Mxn|Minh Nguyễn]] <small>([[User talk:Mxn|talk]], [[Special:Contributions/Mxn|contribs]])</small> 01:10, 29 January 2008 (UTC) :{{done}} &nbsp;'''&ndash;&nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|<font color="Indigo">Mike.lifeguard</font>]]'''&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|<font color="Indigo">talk</font>]]} 14:15, 29 January 2008 (UTC) == Why is this page linking to a rejected policy? == From [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]]: :In some situations you may encounter material on Wikibooks that has been added according to the [[Wikibooks:Fair Use Policy]]. From [[Wikibooks:Fair Use Policy]]: :#REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Fair use policy]] From [[Wikibooks:Fair use policy]]: :This page documents a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed. Why does this policy incorporate by reference a policy that has been rejected? Why does it not link to [[Wikibooks:Media]] instead? --[[User:Damian Yerrick|Damian Yerrick]] ([[User talk:Damian Yerrick|talk]]) 19:31, 5 June 2009 (UTC) : Probably because someone forgot to update it when WB:MEDIA was made policy instead of this. --<span style="font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;">[[User:Darklama|<font color="midnightblue">dark</font>]][[User_talk:Darklama|<font color="green">lama</font>]]</span> 19:51, 5 June 2009 (UTC) == Should Wikibooks also switch to CC-by-SA == In June 2009, Wikipedia switched to CC-by-SA. [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Dual_license_vote_May_2009]. I honestly don't really understand all the implications. Should Wikibooks also switch to CC-by-SA? (a) to maintain compatibility with Wikipedia? (b) for the same reasons, whatever they were, that Wikipedia switched? --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|talk]]) 20:13, 27 June 2009 (UTC) :You seem to have missed that ''all'' Wikimedia projects have made that transition, including Wikibooks. &nbsp;'''&mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|<b style="color:#309;">Mike.lifeguard</b>]]'''&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|<span style="color:#309;">talk</span>]]} 21:26, 28 June 2009 (UTC) :: According to the history of the [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]] page, it never mentioned CC-by-SA until the change of 6 July 2009. I am sorry I "missed that" change. To avoid a repeat of this problem, please tell me -- how can I see events that happen over a week in the future? --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|talk]]) 19:58, 6 July 2009 (UTC) :::Let's all keep level heads here. Mike just assumed you saw the sitenotice before promoting the vote on the change to CC-BY-SA. I think there was also a sitenotice announcing the results of the vote as well. Today I've added a new notice reiterating the change. Hopefully now everyone will be aware of the licensing change. -- [[User:Adrignola|Adrignola]] ^{[[User talk:Adrignola|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Adrignola|contribs]]} 20:22, 6 July 2009 (UTC) :::I assumed David had read the link he posted, which explains that all Wikimedia projects were moving to CC-by-sa. &nbsp;'''&mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|<b style="color:#309;">Mike.lifeguard</b>]]'''&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|<span style="color:#309;">talk</span>]]} 22:07, 6 July 2009 (UTC) :::: I hope you can understand how my little brain is confused when I hear one thing and see another -- when I hear that "''all'' Wikimedia projects have made that transition", but I see that the edit screen links to [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]] which had not yet made that transition. :::: Now that we all agree that Wikibooks *has* made that transition, and now that the edit screen links to the new [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use Terms of Use], do we still need the old [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]] page? Should we make that page merely a redirect to the new terms of use? Or perhaps a subordinate local copy of those terms? --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|talk]]) 19:36, 8 July 2009 (UTC) ::::: The copyright page has made that transition, if you take a look at the [[#Update needed|update needed]] section below. The edit message update reflects what the WMF wanted, so presumably they still see a need for projects to have there own copyright policy. --<span style="font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;">[[User:Darklama|<font color="midnightblue">dark</font>]][[User_talk:Darklama|<font color="green">lama</font>]]</span> 21:33, 9 July 2009 (UTC) == Update needed == With the switch to dual licensing between the GFDL and [[Wikibooks:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0]], this page needs to be updated. -- [[User:Adrignola|Adrignola]] ^{[[User talk:Adrignola|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Adrignola|contribs]]} 01:53, 6 July 2009 (UTC) : I thought that would of been taken care of too when the other things were updated, but I guess not. I used Wikipedia's updated copyright policy to update our own. I think the spirit is still basically the same as before, so it should hopefully not be an issue. I hope it is enough to satisfy any requirements the WMF may have implemented for updating the copyright policy though. --<span style="font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;">[[User:Darklama|<font color="midnightblue">dark</font>]][[User_talk:Darklama|<font color="green">lama</font>]]</span> 11:23, 6 July 2009 (UTC) === Update needed: book donations === The "[[Wikibooks: book donations]]" page currently implies that "All books on Wikibooks must be released under the GFDL." and that using "CC-BY-SA... can be problematic.". It sounds to me like the "book donations" page was written sometime before Wikibooks switched from GFDL to CC-BY-SA in 2009, and no longer reflects the current situation. Should I simply delete all the stuff on that page about copyrights and replace it with a link to [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]], or would something else be more useful to our readers? --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidCary|contribs]]) 02:03, 13 October 2014 (UTC) == Recipes == Greetings, I would like to update [[Cookbook:Berbere]] based upon a recipe published in an actual cookbook ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Berbere#Ingredients some background], if you're interested). My understanding is that a list of ingredients is not protected by copyright (at least, not in the US), although the preparation steps are protected. I don't think it would be too useful to have one without the other, and I'm not sure it's really possible to reword the preparation and still come up with an original work. I've looked at [[Cookbook_talk:Table_of_Contents/Archive_6#Copyright_issues]] but it seems inconclusive (while [[Cookbook_talk:Table_of_Contents/Archive_1#Recipes_from_copyright-protected_cookbooks]] suggests an [external site http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=US%20Copyright%20for%20Recipes] for guidance). Another possible issue, unrelated to copyright, is that the source cookbook is in Amharic, not English (on the other hand I've yet to find an English source that is authoritative). Any general tips on importing (or not importing) cookbook recipes into Wikibooks? Thank you, -- [[User:Gyrofrog|Gyrofrog]] ([[User talk:Gyrofrog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gyrofrog|contribs]]) 18:29, 27 January 2011 (UTC) == Copyright infringement == As far as I can tell, [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_Networks/UDP&diff=next&oldid=632328 this edit] (from 2006) infringes copyright of Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 5th Edition, by James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, {{#isbn:0-13-607967-9}}, pp214-215. (Probably an earlier edition was used, as the 5th edition is copyright 2010.) The book is mentioned as a source but the text, in my opinion, infringes and is in any case not properly attributed. Can anyone advise how to proceed? I know what to do on en.wiki, but not here. Thanks! (PS: courtesy note of any reply on en.wiki, my home wiki, appreciated.) [[User:Frank|Frank]] ([[User talk:Frank|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Frank|contribs]]) 02:42, 22 June 2011 (UTC) : If you can clearly identify something that was a copyright violation, please mark it with the {{tl|copyvio}} template. This alerts the site administrators there may be a problem and allows other editors on Wikibooks to try to rework or replace that content. Copyright violations are usually a high priority item for admins to deal with, and rank pretty close to vandalism in terms of how serious it is treated. That you found something from an edit several years ago is unfortunate, but I'm glad that you caught it. Hopefully a current admin will see this comment at some time in the near future. --[[User:Robert Horning|Rob Horning]] ([[User talk:Robert Horning|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert Horning|contribs]]) 13:41, 23 June 2011 (UTC) : I've tagged it and will look at it soon. The section has been extensively edited so it may no longer be a copyright violation or it may be a copyvio of a different version of the book (as Frank notes) [[User:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#E66C2C">'''QU'''</font> ]]^{[[User talk:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#306754">TalkQu]</font>]} 14:53, 23 June 2011 (UTC) ::Was this forgotten ? --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 06:30, 7 April 2012 (UTC) :::I can't remember if I forgot! [[User:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#E66C2C">'''QU'''</font>]] ^{[[User talk:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#306754">TalkQu</font>]]} 09:51, 7 April 2012 (UTC) :::: I agree with your initial statement (after taking a closer look). One question remains, since the copyrighted content continues to exist in the revision history. Is it possible to redact it from these logs ? If so, then the copyvio is resolved, as the infringement can no longer be considered to be published (available). --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 03:28, 8 April 2012 (UTC) :::::Done. I've deleted all revisions from the history that contain the copyright violation. There are no authors in that history who are not present elsewhere, so there should be no future attribution problem. [[User:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#E66C2C">'''QU'''</font>]] ^{[[User talk:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#306754">TalkQu</font>]]} 09:20, 8 April 2012 (UTC) :::::: This probably occurs more than we notice. Frank was capable of detecting it because of the source reference and probably by a sprout of activity. People often use copyrighted source material and rewrite it to not only fit their purposes but remove the rights claim and make the content usable, a similar example is when we use wikipedia's content. There we have more content surviving, but wikipedia's articles most of the time go way beyond the simplest encyclopedic format. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 09:47, 8 April 2012 (UTC) == Pls add this interwiki link == <pre> [[ta:விக்கிநூல்கள்:காப்புரிமைகள்]] </pre> : {{done}} --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 12:07, 16 June 2012 (UTC) == Transcribing Audio Books: Fair Use ? == * does transcribing Audio Books fall under "Fair Use" ? * does translating while transcribing Audio Books fall under "Fair Use" ? --[[User:Eternal-Entropy|Eternal-Entropy]] ([[User talk:Eternal-Entropy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eternal-Entropy|contribs]]) 05:06, 2 September 2012 (UTC) ::Not a lawyer. Having said that the fair use is not limited by medium, that is you have the same freedom of the use of protected content than for instance using of a text. ::Translation constitutes a derivation of the original work, it is by itself not related to the fair use. I think you may be confusing fair use with something else, fair use is an exception that permits in some instances the use of part of a protected work. ::See [[wikipedia:Fair use]] for a general overview. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 06:19, 2 September 2012 (UTC) ::: I guess transcribing Audio Books in Full in it's language is not Fair Use. Ok, Let me rephrase the other question... ::: Does Wikibooks allow Audio Books that is translated & transcribed by a Wikibooks editor ? --[[User:Eternal-Entropy|Eternal-Entropy]] ([[User talk:Eternal-Entropy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eternal-Entropy|contribs]]) 07:31, 2 September 2012 (UTC) ::::If the content is right for a textbook and the original is under a license compatible with Wikibooks, yes... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 10:33, 2 September 2012 (UTC) ::::And this is the key point - the copyright exists in the original material. You can't just convert it into another format to avoid the copyright. For example, a DVD doesn't become free to use because you convert it into an MPEG-4 video. If the original audio book is copyrighted, then you can't transcribe it here. [[User:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#E66C2C">'''QU'''</font> ]]^{[[User talk:QuiteUnusual|<font color="#306754">TalkQu</font>]]} 18:54, 2 September 2012 (UTC) ::::: Ok, thanks --[[User:Eternal-Entropy|Eternal-Entropy]] ([[User talk:Eternal-Entropy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eternal-Entropy|contribs]]) 19:11, 2 September 2012 (UTC) == Compatibility of the ETHZ Oberon license with CC-by-SA. == The Oberon license is at ftp://ftp.ethoberon.ethz.ch/ETHOberon/license.txt. In case it is offline, there is a copy at http://easthope.ca/OberonUsage.html; scroll down a little to see it. According my elementary understanding, the Oberon license is compatible with CC-by-SA. Within Wikibooks, is there a formal process to determine compatibility? Can anyone offer an opinion? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:11, 4 October 2016 (UTC) :The only process I know is to ask on [[w:Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 18:35, 4 October 2016 (UTC) == Typo == {{edit protected|answered=yes}} Change "the GNU Free Documentation License. unversioned, ..." to "the GNU Free Documentation License, unversioned, ...". (This same typo existed on English Wikipedia (and was removed earlier today) and still exists on English Wikispecies currently). --[[User:Pokechu22|Pokechu22]] ([[User talk:Pokechu22|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pokechu22|contribs]]) 18:29, 19 March 2021 (UTC) : {{re|Pokechu22}} {{done}} [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 18:45, 19 March 2021 (UTC) == Update to CC 4.0 == {{edit protected|answered=yes}} The [[:foundation:Policy:Terms of Use#7. Licensing of Content|license]] has been already updated from CC 3.0 to 4.0. Could you please update this page? Thanks. cc{{re|Leaderboard}} [[User:SCP-2000|SCP-2000]] ([[User talk:SCP-2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SCP-2000|contribs]]) 04:13, 19 July 2024 (UTC) : {{re|SCP-2000}} {{done}} [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 06:06, 19 July 2024 (UTC) == Edit request == {{edit protected|answered=yes}} Under "Re-use of text", please change "{{tq|you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 or later}}" to "{{tq|you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 4.0 or later}}", per [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/compatible-licenses/]. [[User:ObserveOwl|ObserveOwl]] ([[User talk:ObserveOwl|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ObserveOwl|contribs]]) 19:24, 23 August 2025 (UTC) :{{done}}. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 02:15, 1 September 2025 (UTC) gie2mefylboc7kkbaq84iy3s3xp9awv 0 13946 4633812 4538191 2026-05-03T11:05:35Z ~2026-26696-30 3580892 /* Free Software vs. Open Source software */ 4633812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:350%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;"></span>}} <div style="text-align: center;">[[Image:Os1.jpg|600x320px|''Cover Art'' Created by [[User:Lobster|Lobster]].]]{{clear}} This wikibook is intended to be an introduction to the Open source software movement. It is still getting organized.</div> ==Introduction== {{TOC right}} In the last few years the Open Source movement has changed the face of computing more than almost anyone would have thought possible. Many people in the computer industry believe that these changes are the most important changes in computing since IBM contracted Microsoft to write an operating system for their personal computers. This book is intended to discuss the history, philosophy, and legal issues relating to Open Source, as well as ways for software developers to get involved by selecting and joining projects they want to contribute to. More detail will be provided here than the Wikipedia articles on [[w:en:Open source|Open Source]] and [[w:en:Free Software|Free Software]], and information found in the Wikibook on [[Freeware]] will be enhanced and extended. Please feel free to add/correct information throughout the book. This book is '''not''' meant to be a listing of projects nor a guide to picking the best software to use (although some pointers are provided later in the book). ===What is Open Source?=== ''Open Source'' or ''open-source software'' is different from ''proprietary'' software. In Open Source, the source code used in the software is available to ''anyone'' to examine, evaluate, and adapt. Open source has had an important impact on the way many developers view and create software. End users often use the term open-source to cover a variety of ''free and open source software''. The Open Source Initiative has this for a definition of open-source software: Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: '''1. Free Redistribution''' The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale - with the exception of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial versions of the standard Creative Commons licence. Rationale: By constraining the license to require free redistribution, we eliminate the temptation to throw away many long-term gains in order to make a few short-term sales dollars. If we didn't do this, there would be lots of pressure for cooperators to defect. '''2. Source Code''' The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost – preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. Rationale: We require access to un-obfuscated source code because you can't evolve programs without modifying them. Since our purpose is to make evolution easy, we require that modification be made easy. '''3. Derived Works''' The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. Rationale: The mere ability to read source isn't enough to support independent peer review and rapid evolutionary selection. For rapid evolution to happen, people need to be able to experiment with and redistribute modifications. '''4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code''' The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. Rationale: Encouraging lots of improvement is a good thing, but users have a right to know who is responsible for the software they are using. Authors and maintainers have reciprocal right to know what they're being asked to support and protect their reputations. Accordingly, an open-source license must guarantee that source be readily available, but may require that it be distributed as pristine base sources plus patches. In this way, "unofficial" changes can be made available but readily distinguished from the base source. '''5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups''' The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. Rationale: In order to get the maximum benefit from the process, the maximum diversity of persons and groups should be equally eligible to contribute to open sources. Therefore, we forbid any open-source license from locking anybody out of the process. Some countries, including the United States, have export restrictions for certain types of software. An OSD-conformant license may warn licensees of applicable restrictions and remind them that they are obliged to obey the law; however, it may not incorporate such restrictions itself. '''6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor''' The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. Rationale: The major intention of this clause is to prohibit license traps that prevent open source from being used commercially. We want commercial users to join our community, not feel excluded from it. '''7. Distribution of License''' The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. Rationale: This clause is intended to forbid closing up software by indirect means such as requiring a non-disclosure agreement. '''8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product''' The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. Rationale: This clause forecloses yet another class of license traps. '''9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software''' The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. Rationale: Distributors of open-source software have the right to make their own choices about their own software. Yes, the GPL is conformant with this requirement. Software linked with GPLed libraries only inherits the GPL if it forms a single work, not any software with which they are merely distributed. '''10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral''' No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. Rationale: This provision is aimed specifically at licenses which require an explicit gesture of assent in order to establish a contract between licensor and licensee. Provisions mandating so-called "click-wrap" may conflict with important methods of software distribution such as FTP download, CD-ROM anthologies, and web mirroring; such provisions may also hinder code re-use. Conformant licenses must allow for the possibility that (a) redistribution of the software will take place over non-Web channels that do not support click-wrapping of the download, and that (b) the covered code (or re-used portions of covered code) may run in a non-GUI environment that cannot support popup dialogues. Free software is open-source software, but not all open-source software is free. ===What is Free Software?=== Free software is software that adheres to the concept of the four freedoms of software, as articulated by the GNU Project. These four freedoms are as follows: *The user is free to use the software for any purpose. *The user is free to study the mechanisms by which the program operates and to adjust these mechanisms to a specific purpose. *The user is free to redistribute the software to another user. *The user is free to adapt and improve the program and release these adaptations and improvements to the public. Free Software shares much of its philosophy with Open-Source software, but many people within the open source community feel that there are important distinctions between the terms, as described in the section Free Software vs. Open-source software. Often Free Software is referred to as "free as in speech, not as in beer", stressing the idea that the Free-software movement is concerned with ''freedom'', not with ''price''. ===Free Software vs. Open Source software=== The primary distinction of open source software is that it's not about freedom, it's about what software does things better. This requirement is not true of all open source licenses. In this book we hope to provide enough information so that the reader can understand what the two are and make choices accordingly. As a whole the movement is often called ''"Free and Open-Source software"'' (FOSS). While many people point to the differences between the two, this book will focus on what unites the two. For the purposes of clarity the abbreviation ''FOSS'' will be used when describing issues that apply to all open source software projects, whereas ''OSS'' will be used when describing issues that apply only to software with open-source licenses that allow future developers to close the source code, and ''FSS'' will be used when talking about issues that apply only to software with free licenses requiring future developers to maintain the previous style of licensing (if not the license itself). ===Public Domain Software=== Another common form of open-source software is software that has entered into the [[w:en:public domain|public domain]]. This is software that is unrestricted by copyright or licenses, and therefore free to use for any purpose. Before the rise of the open-source software movement a great deal of software written in academic circles was released into the public domain for peer-review. This practice has changed with the rise of a more intentional open-source movement, resulting in much software that was once public domain, now being released as FOSS. The public domain is where many resources used in open-source projects come from, but there are few major projects that operate totally within the public domain (Examples include SQLite). ===FOSS does not mean no cost=== This is a common misunderstanding about FOSS, in no small part because nearly all FOSS programs are available free of charge. For example, when the text editor [[w:en:Emacs|Emacs]] was first released, [[w:en:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] charged from time to time to get copies. Developers have the choice to charge under most FOSS licenses, although they rarely choose to. The only requirement to be a truly FOSS project is that the publisher provides the source code with the program, and to allow the user to edit that code. On top of the initial cost of purchasing software, there are other ongoing costs associated with all software. This can come in the form of support agreements, the cost of customization, training costs support personnel and other sources. This is true of both traditional commercial software and FOSS programs. There is a large and active debate about which type of software is more expensive over the long run for large corporations, for individual users there is little to no question that FOSS is cheaper by far. ==History== The history given here is not intended to be a complete, and perfect rendering of the history of the open source movement. Indeed, it would be quite impossible to do so, as we are currently in the middle of the movement, and proper histories cannot be written about current events. Instead this chapter is intended to give the reader a general understanding of how the open source movement got started, so they can better understand the current debates. In the beginning ([[w:1960's|1960's]] and [[w:1970's|1970's]]) nearly all code was provided as a form of open-source. Since you had to get programs to run on many different machines, companies that wanted customers to be able to run their software they had to provide the source code to compile themselves. Frequently this code was not encumbered by licensing agreements, or those licenses were never enforced. Often the users would notice flaws in the programs, fix them, and provide the improvements back to the publisher at no charge. Unix user groups often shared code with each other as well, creating an even larger body of code to work from. At the time most companies believed that hardware would always generate far more profit than software. At the same time when academics wrote programs as part of their research, they would often release the code into the public domain to others to learn from their work. The first email server, ftp server, and web server were all public domain projects that were created by academics and shared as public domain software. Over time the hardware became more standardized. This allowed software publishers to tighten up on what segments of code they would allow their users to see and edit. This tightening started to frustrate users, especially academics, since they could no longer fix the problem they found, and from time to time found that they couldn't use the hardware or software they wanted to. This trend mostly continued in main stream software, strengthed by the rise of Microsoft. During the late [[w:1970's|1970's]], many small businesses attempted to survive writing software for the new microcomputers. None were able to rely on hardware sales or after sale support contracts to subsidize software development. Few of these people, whether from an academic tradition of freely distributed software or not, were willing to make their products available without fee. Perhaps most famously, [[w:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] (a co-founder of Microsoft) realized that software, not hardware, held the prospect of being the greatest profit source in the new world of computing. When IBM needed an operating system for their personal computer, instead of writing their own, Microsoft licenced an early version of DOS, but retained the licensing rights for other hardware manufacturers. This choice changed the face of computing by creating a standard operating system that most personal computers would run on, it lead directly to Microsoft's dominance of personal computing, and later allowed them major access to the server side market as well. Microsoft has grown into the largest software producer in the world, competing in almost every segment of the market. There are many people that feel that the only way to compete with Microsoft is through open source projects which leverage a far larger support base than most companies can provide. In this sea of activity, the FOSS movement primarily grew out of two places: the Berkeley Software Distribution license from the University of California and Richard Stallman's Free Software Foundation GNU General Public License. ===[[Bad Science/Interpretation/Teacher|BSD]]=== [[File:BSD wordmark.svg|thumb|right]] During the 1970s, after Ken Thompson of Bell Labs spent a year teaching at the University of California at Berkeley, several research groups there began to develop software for the Unix operating system. And, as Bell Labs had no plans to port the system to the then new DEC VAX computer system, the Computer Science Research Group at Berkeley undertook the port. That port became very popular at other universities, and the CSRG began distribution of it, with their modifications and additions, under the name Berkeley Software Distribution. The researchers at Berkeley frequently found ways to improve or add to the existing versions of Unix. Bell Labs accepted some of the BSD changes, and passed on others. Over time the CSRG found ways to improve the basic aspects of Unix (e.g., the file system). Concurrently, AT&T made improvements of their own, causing the two versions to move in different (although similar) directions. As development progressed on the Berkeley version of Unix, it grew further and further away from the work that AT&T was doing on their version (the last version of which was System V). In the early [[w:1990s|1990s]] there was a major legal skirmish over the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) between AT&T, the University of California at Berkeley, and the Unix System Laboratories (USL), to which AT&T had turned over the marketing and development of Unix. The suit resulted in most of BSD being found to be unencumbered by copyright restrictions by those who controlled the original Bell Labs code. By the mid-1990s, the CSRG released 4.4BSD-Lite, Release 2 as their final product as they were closed down by the Regents of the University of California. The BSD releases were the root of the various versions of BSD that are common today, most notably FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD. Throughout its development, BSD was distributed in an open manner, resulting in contributions from many different contributors. ===The Free Software Foundation and the GNU Project=== In [[w:1983|1983]] Richard Stallman (then of [[w:MIT|MIT]]) became frustrated with the growing commercialization of the computer development work that had been done at MIT, and with the increasing limitations imposed on software users. After a time, he began to create software that gave control to users. His vision was to create an entire operating system totally free of the restrictions being imposed by proprietary licensing. His first major software development effort (even before he became disenchanted with trends in the software industry) was the text editor, [[Emacs|GNU Emacs]]. His next was a [[Lisp Programming|LISP]] system, a [[C Programming]] language compiler, and finally the GNU project. In [[w:1985|1985]] Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to help generate support for the GNU Project. FSF has grown into one of the most important organizations in the FOSS movement. While the primary FSF mission continues to be the completion of the GNU operating system, FSF has also taken on the role of ''"free-software evangelist"'' by protecting and supporting free software. FSF also holds the copyrights to much of the source code written for the GNU project, ensuring that it always remains freely availabe to users. Over the next 10 years Stallman gathered a group of people together who essentially developed all of the core utilities found in Unix and the Unix-like operating systems. In the Unix spirit, these consist of hundreds (perhaps thousands) of small utility programs and tools. This project is still operating and is known as the GNU Project. Many of these programs have become standard on the BSD variants as well (see above). In 1994, Linus Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel, and when combined with the GNU utilities already available from the GNU Project, the Linux operating system came to be. The Debian distribution of Linux is called GNU/Linux, in recognition of Stallman's position that it is a joint production, to recognize that the GNU Project provides most of the essential utilities. The GNU Project continues its slow progress on its own operating system kernel, which will be known as Hurd. Hurd is intended to be offered as the official GNU replacement for the Unix kernel, though it is currently at a beta development stage. While the FSF has become somewhat controversial, it has certainly had a major impact on computing. Millions of copies of the GNU software are used every day throughout the world. ===For More Information=== Much of the information for this article came from the following sources. They also contain more information about their areas of open source history if you are interested. Wikipedia Articles: * [[w:Free software#History|Free software article's history section]] Outside Sources: *[http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html Official GNU project History] *[http://daemonz.org/bugs/history.html History of BSD] ==Philosophy== There is no one philosophy that brings people to open-source software. There are however two main branches of thought in which many people share some similar views and have helped create a strong movement. To understand the open-source movement as a whole you need to understand both of these main philosophies. ===Software Freedom=== An earlier software movement similar to Open Source is the Free Software Movement (embodied in the Free Software Foundation). Although there is some debate over its precise definition, there are generally three primary components of software freedom. * '''Freedom to Use''' Many believe that software should not have limitations on their private use, aside from restrictions on the creator's liability. In contrast, some commercial packages (like Microsoft Windows) disallow certain usages while a more expensive product allows such a use. According to US copyright law, this right is implicit unless limited by private contracts. * '''Freedom to modify''' Possibly more important than the freedom to use is the freedom to modify existing programs. Although certainly related to the overall open-source ideal, this freedom also implies that your modifications remain yours. Some open-source licences require the modifier to assign the rights to their work to the originator of the license (Microsoft's Shared Source program is generally considered one example). Obviously, very few completely commercial software packages give users this freedom. In US copyright law, this is an implicit exclusive right of the creator of a work. To give others this right, the creator must agree to do so. * '''Freedom to distribute''' A final key freedom is the ability to distribute software, modified or unmodified. Software packages that limit their distribution limit others freedom to do with it what they will. It can also prevent them from providing their improvement to the community. Similar to the freedom to modify, some open-source licences also limit the freedom to distribute, often requiring changes to be submitted back to some central repository. As with the right to modify, this is an exclusive right of the creator. Notably absent from these freedoms is the requirement that free software be economically free. Several licences do not prevent merchants from selling the software whether modified or unmodified. In fact, several groups have historically charged for various pieces of software which are generally considered free software. Depending on the licence, the merchant may still be under other restrictions. An example of a licence that provides software freedom with some restrictions on the distributor of the software is the GNU General Public Licence, or GPL. The GPL was written by Richard Stallman et al., for the GNU Project. The GPL has all of the above freedoms listed within. The most important difference from the above baseline is what the Creative Commons calls a "Share and Share Alike" clause. If you distribute a modification to a particular software package under the GPL, then you must agree that your portion of the work is also licenced by the GPL. For more information about the GPL there is more information in the [[Open Source#Important FOSS licenses|licenses section]] of this book ===Open Source Development Model=== The second main branch of open-source philosophy revolves around the opportunity for a new software development model. Open-source is also about sharing ideas, and spreading the effort of creating software over a large number of interested developers. This sharing can lead to better software in shorter development times. It also allows for better feedback directly to the developers than is often present in traditional development models. Major companies like Apple and IBM have recognized that there can be a significant advantage to writing software in this way. Apple by way of the Darwin project and IBM through several significant donations of software and patents to open source groups have paved the way for other companies to seriously consider using this development model. ==Licences and Patents== ===What is a License?=== In legal theory, a '''license''' is the permission or right granted to engage in some act without which the act might be otherwise unlawful. A license must be granted by a person, institution, or government that has the legal authority to do so. The term "license" also refers to the document that specifically describes these permissions and rights. ===Important FOSS Licenses=== While there are many open source licenses in use today, a few have emerged as more popular (and therefore more important) than most. We will take some time here to examine these important licenses in some detail. They are listed here in alphabetical order. For an extensive list of open source licenses see the [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html GNU Project's list of licenses], or [http://www.opensource.org/licenses The OSI list of licenses]. ====Apache==== The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is a non-profit corporation to support Apache software projects. Apache's projects are characterized by a collaborative, consensus based development process, an open and pragmatic software license. Among the ASF's objectives are to provide legal protection to volunteers working on Apache projects, and to protect the Apache brand name from being used by other organizations. There are currently two forms of the Apache in wide use today: versions 1.1 and 2.0. While 2.0 is considered by ASF to be the current version and most users have happily switched, a few large groups objected to new clauses inserted into 2.0 regarding patents, and have refused to use any software with the new license (most notable the OpenBSD project). Code under Apache license can be linked with the proprietary code that is developed in the companies. Because of this the license is accepted inside the most of the companies. Companies time to time contribute to the code under Apache license to boost the activity of these projects. For instance, IBM and Intel have contributed big parts of the alternative java implementation to the Apache Harmony project. ====BSD==== BSD is both a license, and a class of licenses (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix (see [[Open Source#BSD|BSD history]] above). The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code licensed under the BSD license be licensed under the BSD license IF redistributed in source code format. BSD (unlike some other licenses) does not require that source code be distributed at all. BSD is actually very close, though still distinct, from a public domain licence. Like works in the public domain, BSD-like licences permit nearly free modification and distribution of a work. There are only two significant ways in which BSD-like licences differ from public domain. First, the BSD licence carries the requirement that the licence, along with its statement of copyright, is carried along with the work, or modified copies. This does not however limit code under different licences from being combined with it. Second, the BSD-like licences have a standard disclaimer of guarantees, such as fitness for a particular use and merchantability. This latter portion should not come as any surprise, since practically all software packages carry a clause nearly identical to this one. In summary, the major difference between BSD-like licences and the public domain is that BSD-licenced works must remain attributed to the original creator(s). Some BSD licences take this further, and require similar copyright statements in advertising materials for a distributed software product. Most however are simply limited this basic requirement. For those who are opposed to the GPL for its limitations on modification and distribution, the BSD licence is often quite acceptable. Due to the inherent lack of limitations, BSD code can be incorporated into any other project, commercial or otherwise, removing many of the worries of licencing issues from code. Similarly, for those who endorse the licences such as the GPL for their ability to protect software freedoms, the BSD is looked upon as a step in the right direction, but not enough to guarantee said freedoms. They often encourage the use of more GPL like licences for this reason. BSD is usually accepted inside the companies. The Apple Mac OS is based on the originally BSD - licensed operating system but with big parts of proprietary code. ====GPL==== The GNU General Public License is a free software license, created by the [[Wikipedia:Free Software Foundation|Free Software Foundation]] (FSF); version 2 was released in 1991. It is usually abbreviated to GNU GPL, or, simply, GPL. FSF recently announced that they have started work on version 3 of this license, and should be releasing the new version in the spring of 2007. The motivations for these changes have not been articulated yet, but based on a lecture by Richard Stallman held at New York's Cooper Union on November 29, 2005, the changes are related to the [[Wikipedia:World Intellectual Property Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]]'s (WIPO) work on world copyright standardization. The GPL protects the 3 main articles of software freedom as defined in the section on [[Open Source#Software Freedom|Software Freedom]]. The GPL also contains a clause requiring publishers of GPL licensed programs, that make modifications to the software, to distribute that modification under the GPL. This is something that many company managers do not like because they want proprietary control on all code that was written in the company. Even if the software is for internal use only and is never sold, the managers still want proprietary control to be sure that the software will not be used by a concurrent. Trying to create the negative attitude, GPL opponents gave GPL the label "viral", since it apparently "infects" any code which it touches. From the other side, it is possible to say that GPL is tuned to support and even enforce the code sharing as much as possible. Companies and individuals that write code and release it under GPL get access to the large amount of the existing code under GPL. That way they are rewarded for picking this license and probably can afford to experiment with GPL compatible business models that otherwise bring less direct profit than proprietary control on the code. It is not true that GPL is never accepted inside the companies: many companies have used software libraries under this license and did released all code that interacts with these libraries, as the license requires. This is how GNU gcc compiler have got C++ support, for instance. It is also true that GPL seems one of most popular licenses in the world. However the most of the companies will likely first try to contact the authors of the GPL-covered software, asking to sell the "commercial" license. ====LGPL==== An important corner-case of the GPL requires that only GPL code can link with GPL libraries, even if the library is contained in a separate file, and the code which uses it contains no GPL code unto itself. This is seen by some as too strict, since such an action could be considered a "use" of the library, not as a modification. In order to allow for such a distinction, the LGPL was created. The LGPL fixes precisely this problem: If someone uses an LGPL work as a library which is symbolically linked with a project, the rest of the project does not have to be put under the LGPL. On the other hand, if any modifications are made to the LGPL'ed work which are distributed along with the software package as a whole, the changes must be made public, similar to the rules of the GPL. The "L" in the LGPL stands for different things for different people. Initially it was considered as a "Library" licence, since the clause specifically dealt with issues of linking. However, the GNU Foundation describes this as the "Lesser" GPL, since it gives fewer protections to the work than the GPL does. While the GNU Foundation does not frown upon the use of the LGPL, it encourages the use of the GPL when possible. LGPL makes a clear difference between the code that has been covered by this license (usually software library) and the external code that is just linked to the LGPL covered code. The external code can stay proprietary. However modifications inside the LGPL covered library must be shared with public. Companies usually find LGPL terms acceptable and it is common to find public libraries with this license inside the commercial software. ====GPL + linking exception ==== GPL + linking exception license sounds like GPL but in additional chapters explicitly allow to link the code it covers together with any other code, regardless of its licensing terms. Hence while it sounds similar, GPL + exception in practice looks more like LGPL. This license has been recently used for several large projects, including java implementation by Sun Microsystems. ===A brief note about copyrights and copylefts=== Software licensing should not be confused with copyright protections. Open-source licensing explicitly relies on copyright law protections and no code licensed under most of those licenses are a release to the public domain. The author of a piece software can limit the use of what he created, since the code is a written work and subject to copyright law provisions. A creator can limit use of the software as desired, since copyright is a privilege of exclusive use. Copyright protections allow a copyright holder (not necessarily an author) to control use and distribution of software via licensing. That license may allow changes (as does the GPL) or prohibit them (as do most commercial EULA agreements). The concept of copyleft also grew out of the work by GNU and others in the open source movement. While copyright is intended to most protect written works from unauthorized use, and most commercial copyright licenses do so by prohibiting changes or distribution, copyleft licenses encourage free and widespread use. ''Note: Wikibooks is made available under the copyleft [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License].'' ===Patents=== In the past few years the issue of software patents has become one of the most pressing to those in the open-source movement. In the United States and some other countries software is subject to patent protections. While only some other countries have placed similar restrictions on the production of software the patent system in the US has become problematic worldwide. ==Economics of FOSS== ===Zero Marginal Cost=== At the heart of the economics of FOSS is the zero marginal cost of goods in a digital environment. In this respect, the emergence of FOSS represents a confirmation of classical microeconomic price theory - that an equilibrium price in a perfect market approximates the marginal cost. From this perspective, FOSS can be understood as a pioneer in reaching what can be understood as an evolutionarily stable dynamic Nash equilibrium in truly free market.Marginal cost is the term used in the science of economics and business to refer to the increase in total production cost resulting from producing one additional unit of the item. ===Income-generation opportunities=== While contributing time and effort in developing, enhancing and documenting FOSS does not provide any direct income, the development of expertise in FOSS provides a broad range of income-generating opportunities - from generating in-house savings from enhancements to FOSS to consulting opportunities in installing, training, customizing and the provision of technical support for FOSS installations. In Part I: The Networked Information Economy of ''The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom'' (Yale University Press, 2006) [http://habitat.igc.org/wealth-of-networks/], Yochai Benkler provides an excellent analysis - with IBM's strategy as a key example - of ways that income and wealth are being generated through open source and open content strategies. ==== Opportunities for the companies ==== Other possible ways of getting money from FOSS include: * Dual license model, when the same code is provided both under aggressive FOSS licence (usually GPL) and "commercial" license that does not demand sharing of the derived works. The GPL version ensures wider user base, more popularity and may serve as an "evaluation version". This model is used by many companies, most notably by Trolltech with QT. * Paid documentation model, when the software and convinceable examples are delivered as FOSS but some really good documentation is described in a book that must be bought, or in a separate documentation package which is for sale. * Use of trademark. If the derived works cannot use the original trademark (logo, name) then the original work may be preferred by the user who is willing to pay for that one understands as a sign of high quality. This model is only possible if the trademark owner is already widely known as an expert in software development. It is successfully used by Red Hat. * Use of the paid auto update service. In this case the paying user receives opportunity to get and install security and other important updates automatically. Non-paying user needs much more effort to keep the system up to date. This model is used by many commercial Linux distributions. * Using the certification system, when the owner of the leading FOSS technology provides the paid certification exams to prove the qualification of the user (usually software developer). Many owners of the popular FOSS products (Sun Microsystems, Red Hat and others) offer the paid certifications that are recognized and valued by employers. * Providing paid support for porting the FOSS to the new processor, device or operating system. * Developing FOSS that at the given moment runs primarily on the device that is sold by the same company. FOSS adds the value to the device that now can attract more attention, be sold for the higher price or just simply become usable. This model is frequently used when porting Linux into mobile devices and other unusual platforms, it also enables companies to develop open source drivers for the hardware they produce. * Using FOSS components (including components under GPL) to develop highly specialized software for internal use inside the same company. As such software is never officially distributed, there is no need to get profit from selling it. GPL does not demand to publish the source of the software that has been never released to public. * Reaching new groups of customers. There are many FOSS enthusiasts in the world. The company that makes an open source - friendly product will likely attract these customers who prefer such products over its alternatives. An example is the FIC OpenMoko project where tens of thousands of FOSS - friendly mobile phones have been sold even while still unsuitable for the normal end user. Also, some Linksys routers and most notably the NSLU2 device have a completely unexpected group of users who were just interested in hacking their internals. ==== Opportunities for individuals ==== * For the individual developer, joining the FOSS project and contributing the code may provide expertise that is difficult to obtain in alternative ways. Software engineer that knows capabilities of the available FOSS, how to build it, how to port it and how to get the most use from it may be able to save large sums for her company. In some cases developing the FOSS replacement gives the direct expertise on the highly similar proprietary product. The notable examples include GNU Classpath and Sun Microsystem's Java, DotGNU or Mono and Microsoft's .NET and also various FOSS and proprietary implementations of J2EE. Such expertise is the most easy to get by contributing to the existing, highly successful FOSS project. * Participating in FOSS helps to build a professional social network: a group of people that know well enough and if needed can recommend you as a programmer. * For the maintainers of the small but comparatively popular projects, offering the paid documentation may work, especially if this documentation is easy to buy online. ===Problems with traditional commercial software=== First it should be noted that the commercial software industry is one of the largest and most important industries in the world. The rise of the Open Source movement does not necessarily spell the end of the commercial software industry. On the contrary, many people argue that commercial software can be strengthed by the use of open-source techniques. Commercial software is designed to provide a product worth paying for and most of it is (that's why the industry is so big). Despite its price tag, commercial software is often far from perfect. Commercial products will be updated frequently in order to reflect the fluctuating demands of the market and customer needs. These needs can lead to software practices that rearrange and rewrite the software too frequently, or release beta versions as commercial endeavours resulting in high rates of bugs in early versions. Some commercial programs are over designed and written in sloppy code leading to bloated, slow, running programs. Open Source by contrast is driven by the needs of the end users. The skills of the coders is in taking personal pride in what they do, not rushing to meet artificially imposed deadlines (except their own). Thereby their code is often of a superior calibre than that of programmers in the commercial environment. There is also usually a very extensive degree of feedback as the programmers test their products within a wide network of people. When source code is available, it can be checked against various "back doors" and other security holes that may be intentionally or unintentionally left in the closed source software. In the past such holes have been found in multiple proprietary products, including software, used by the government. Advanced developers value source code of the used components as an important additional documentation. Having source code also means that the software can be easily ported to run under different processor, device or operating system. Proprietary software can usually only be legally ported by the original developer that may or may not treat such request as important enough to work on it. Another problem with traditional commercial software is its closed nature. There is usually no or limited freedom to tamper with the copyrighted product. Also, companies often force users to follow upgrade paths that they may not wish to follow. Open source software enables the individual to customize the software to his end needs in all freedom. Another heavily criticised aspect of commercial software is that customers are frequently locked-in to a product because to keep using data files you are often forced to continue to use the same program. If you wish to share files with users that have upgraded, you often have to upgrade yourself or be written off as irrelevant. Since open source software allows competing programs to share different data file types, there is no reason to be trapped into any one program. If a newer version has a new file format, then there often are converters that allow users of older versions to keep up their data files up to date. ===Free doesn't mean no cost=== While FOSS is free to the end user, there is a cost associated with developing the software. These costs may be smaller than developing proprietary software, because developing the project under FOSS license means that: * Numerous web portals like SourceForge would offer web hosting, content repository, mailing lists and other essential features for free. * The cost of advertising a FOSS project (like presenting it in the related conferences) is usually lower. * Developing something under GPL may give free access to high quality components (like QT) that are otherwise expensive to buy or not available at all. Still, development of any software first requires the developer time. Only very popular projects may expect to get a high quality code contributions for free. ==Internationalization== The open nature of Open Source Software allows for extensive internationalization of software. OS's can be modified for any language, for example recently a version of Linux was translated into Welsh (spoken in Wales). While many major commercial projects are provided in multiple languages, it is often too expensive to translate them into more than 3 or 4 languages. Many FOSS projects are available in 10 or more languages, as the translation can be done by a programmer who wants the package to be available in his or her native tongue. ==Case Studies== Probably the four best known Open Source projects in the world today are: the Apache web server, the BSD operating system, the Linux kernel, and the Mozilla web browser (or its spin off, Firefox). ===Apache=== [[File:Apache_Software_Foundation_Logo_(2016).svg|thumb|right|Logo of the Apache Foundation]] The [[w:Apache HTTP Server|Apache web server]] is currently the most popular web server in the world. Nearly 70% of all web sites are served by Apache. The Apache project grew out of an attempt to improve upon the original web server httpd, which was a public domain software project that was largely abandoned in the early [[w:1990's|1990s]]. At that time it was the most popular web server in use, and several developers recognized that development needed to continue. Since httpd was in the public domain they were able to continue work on the program and include a great number of improvements. They quickly organized themselves into the Apache Foundation, to have a stable organization to oversee the ongoing work on their new web server. Apache's version of httpd quickly overtook the original httpd as the most popular web server in use. Over time the Apache Foundation grew to house many related open source projects, including Tomcat, a popular Java servlet server, and many others. After many years of developing Apache 1.x, the Apache Foundation found that some of the original architecture of Apache was starting to show its age, and further extensions were becoming impossible. Therefore, a team of mostly volunteer developers started to develop Apache 2. Apache 2 is a complete rewrite of Apache, and has allowed the Apache Foundation to add new flexibility of their flagship product. The stature of the Apache Foundation has also allowed them to become a repository for significant donations of software to the open source community – most notably two large donations from IBM to the Apache Foundation in 2004. ===BSD=== BSD (short for ''Berkley Software Distribution'') is a family of three free Unixes, namely OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD. They are all successors of BSD 4.4. ===Linux=== [[File:NewTux.svg|thumb|right|Tux the Penguin, the mascot of Linux]] The [[w:Linux|Linux]] kernel is currently one of the most active, and most important, free and open source software development projects. In 1991, [[w:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] used the Internet to invite collaboration on his infant project to develop an operating system kernel supporting a system very much like Unix. He wanted a unix-like operating system that would work on his computer, an early and expensive 386 machine, and was unsatisfied with anything available at an affordable cost, including academic teaching examples like [[Minix]] (from Professor [[Andrew Tannenbaum]]). Since then the Linux kernel has been used in multiple Linux system distributions that are currently supported by organizations like [[w:IBM|IBM]], [[w:Novell|Novell]], HP, many universities (e.g., ETH-Zurich), Bell Labs, and Borland. The Linux kernel is the kernel used in the GNU/Linux operating system, and is currently in its 2nd major version release, and 6th minor version. The official home page of the Linux kernel project is [http://www.kernel.org kernel.org] GNU/Linux operating system is a textbook example why freedom to share the modified works is important. In his discussions Tannenbaum writes that he have frequently received suggestions to extend Minix in one or another way but was very strict when accepting these extensions. He tried to keep the system simple, easy to study and understand. People who wanted to convert it into the true next generation OS were not able to do this because direct sharing of the modified code was not allowed by the license, requiring to publish patches against the Tannebaum's version instead. The second textbook example covers the FSF itself who have decided to refuse the available monolithic kernel and turned into difficult way of developing the microkernel based Hurd that even in 2009 have not yet been production ready. This error likely was serious enough to kill all GNU project, but FSF was protected by its own philosophy: GPL have allowed another, Linux, kernel to come, so the work spent building numerous other parts of the alternative operating system was not lost. ===Mozilla (Firefox)=== Mozilla and the more recent Firefox are open source derivatives of the Netscape Navigator web browser. As a result of the release of Firefox 1.0 the web saw the first major shift in web browser usage in 5 years. ===GNU Classpath=== GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free software implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. GNU Classpath development started in 1998 with five developers. The initial progress was rather slow because Sun was already offering its own java implementation free of charge (including commercial use) and with the source code available. Still, porting to new platforms, connecting to new virtual machines and various unusual projects required to distribute the modified versions - this was not allowed by Sun's license at that time. During the history, the project merged several times with other projects having similar goals (Kaffe, libgcj). In the past, GNU Classpath supplied its own virtual machine (Japhar). As Classpath was becoming a base library, shared with a lot of different projects, this virtual machine received less and less attention until it was dropped as no longer supported. The project started to accelerate after approaching completeness of java 1.2 API, when it was clearly seen that some companies are joining, allowing they developers to contribute to the project at working time. GNU Classpath has become a part of near any Linux distribution and was ported to numerous processors and operating systems; some of them do not have any other java support till these days. Wave of talks passed through the conferences, demonstrating for the surprised public that there are ''fully functional'' alternative Free implementations of Swing, CORBA and other complex libraries that - it was believed - can never be completed by the community of volunteers. The project status have changed after Sun released it own java implementation under near identical license (GPL+Exception). The primary purpose - to have the efficient java implementation under Free Software license - has been reached in another way. As both libraries implemented the same API and now had nearly identical licenses, it seemed doubtful that they can find they own groups of users rather than just taking one under another. While the rise of Sun's OpenJDK meant the end of the increased status and prospects to join the history as authors of the long lived alternative java system, GNU Classpath community have shown self-control keeping to serve the Free Software as good as they could: there were no opposition in the mailing lists, no attempts to create the negative image of Sun's project - shortly, no any trying to prevent replacement of GNU Classpath by OpenJDK that - now being open source - still was superior in performance. Sun has released its own libraries quite at time when GNU Classpath was about to become a fully working alternative and real competitor and it quite may be that this have contributed to the Sun's decision. Hence GNU Classpath may stay in a history as a successful project. This project seems still active and attracts contributions, maybe because its virtual machine interface is historically much more adapted to connect various virtual machines. It is a common choice as extension of the Google Android to provide parts that were removed from the Google implementation as "unnecessary". ==Joining the existing Open Source Project == Creating your own Open Source Project may be the first thing that comes in mind, but the general advice for the beginner would be '''do not do this'''. The project must be based on a really good idea and needs cooperation of more than one developer to be really successful. Otherwise you may just observe the download counter slowly ticking up, but never get any other feedback. It is usually much better to start from joining the existing project and starting your own later, when you already have enough experience. For the same reason it is better not to start from the attempt to revive the abandoned project which has already lost its previous team (see [http://www106.pair.com/rhp/hacking.html why]). <!-- Important: The text below is similar to the text from Wikihow article "How to become a Free Software Hacker". This is because it is written by the same author, me, Audrius Meskauskas. The author is not bound by the license, I give the same text to WikiBooks under GFDL also. --> Writing and using Free software is not just programming, it is a kind of philosophy. While programming language is all you need to program, it seems also important to join the community, get friends, do a great work together and become a respected specialist with profile you cannot get anywhere else. === Steps === ==== Initial preparation ==== Be sure you are competent enough to make a valuable contribution as a programmer. Without this, you are useless to the developer community so nobody will talk to you. The next most important tool to master is the version control ([http://www.linux.ie/articles/tutorials/cvs.php CVS], [http://www.linux.ie/articles/subversion/index.php SVN]). Understand how to create and apply patches (text difference files). The most of the FOSS development in the community is done creating, discussing and applying various patches. ==== Searching for the first project to join ==== While a highly popular and very successful project may give you lots more expertise, such projects are also quite demanding to their contributors. You are expected to follow coding style, write CHANGELOG entries, create and apply patches, cover your code with tests and so on. Without experience that is expected and why, all this may end up by conflict between you and the project community. If you are totally new with FOSS, it may be more efficient to start from something less demanding, at least for a short time. Most of the small projects that are very easy to join now can be found on SourceForge.net. The suitable project must: #Use the programming language you already know. #Be active, with recent releases. Usually a project that has no release for more than a year is considered dormant if not dead. #Already have three to five developers or about. #Use version control. #Have some part you think you can immediately start implementing without modifying the existing code too much. #Apart from the code, a good project also has the active discussion lists, bug reports, receives and implements requests for enhancement and shows other similar activities. Some FOSS portals offer "job openings" where administrators of the active projects are actively posting invitations for new developers. These may be interesting to read but it may be better just to search for a project you like, regardless if it posts invitations or not. ==== Joining the first project ==== #Contact the administrator of the selected project. In a small project with few developers your help will usually be immediately accepted. #Carefully read the rules of the project and more or less follow them. The rules of the coding style or necessity to document your changes in a separate text file may first appear ridiculous to you. However the purpose of these rules is to make the shared work possible - and the most of projects do have them. #Work in this project for several months. Listen carefully that the administrator and other project members say. Apart programming, you have a lot of things to learn. But if you really do not like something, just go away to another project. #Do not stick with the underground project for too long. As soon as you find yourself successfully working in that team, it is time to look for the serious one. ==== Joining the second project ==== #Find a serious, high level Free software or Open source project. #As we are doing a serious jump now, be ready for the far cooler acceptance. You will likely be asked to work for some time without direct write access to the code repository. The previous underground project should, however, teach you a lot - so after several months of the productive contribution you may try do demand rights you think you could have. #Take and do a serious task. Go on even after you discover that the task is lots more difficult than you initially thought - in this step it is important not to give up. #If you can, apply with your serious task to the Google's "Summer of code" to get some money from this adventure. But just do not care if the application would not be accepted as they have far less funded positions than really good hackers working around. #Look for a suitable conference happening nearby ("Linux days" or something similar) and try to present your project there (''all project'', not just the part you are programming). After you tell you are representing a serious Free / Open source project, the organizers frequently release you from the conference fee (if they do not, the conference is likely unsuitable anyway). Bring your Linux laptop (if you have one) and run demos. Ask the project administrator for the material you may use when preparing your talk or poster. #Complete the task, cover with automatic tests and contribute to the project. At this point the initial goal of becoming the active member of the serious project is achieved. You may continue in the same project or later migrate into another one to learn something new. [[Image:GcAct_85.png|thumb|300px|Development history]] #For better understanding, look into real example of the development history for a Free Software project (above). Each raising curve represents a contribution (lines of code) from single developer. Developers tend to become less active over years but the project frequently even accelerates as new people join. Hence if you already come with some useful skills, there are no reasons why the team would not invite you. === Tips === *If you still do not trust yourself enough, start from some part of code that you think is missing and can be written from scratch. Changes in existing code are much more likely to attract criticism. *For the beginning, select a class, module or some other unit under which nobody is very actively working at the moment. Working together on the same class or even function needs more skills and a lot of care from all sides. *Before asking any questions about the working rules inside the project, try to search for the answer in the project documentation and mailing list archives. *Avoid asking any questions related to fundamentals of programming or programming tools. The time of the Free software programmer is as valuable as gold and nobody can afford to teach you the basic. *For the same reason, ''never'' expect an older hacker writing a detailed description of your task or even providing any kind of supervision for you. While open source projects may have a lot of strict rules, they usually work along the lines of that is known as [[wikipedia:Extreme Programming|extreme programming]] in the programming methodology. *Linux is a rather good system now, but hackers widely used it even when it was far less complete in the past. For a hacker it is a lot more important that all corners of this system come with source code. They are open to explore, to understand, to change and to share your changes with others. Understanding starts from the trivial daily use (writings, mail, web and surely programming). Hence you must install Linux at least on a dual boot and start from using it for routine daily tasks like web surfing or programming. *The employers of many hackers seem motivated enough to allow contributions during their working time (usually because the institution uses the Free/Open source program that the hacker is developing). Think, maybe you can get at least part of the needed time this way. *Always continue the hacking you started. Does not build, does not run, crashes? There ''are'' reasons for everything and if you have source code this usually means that you ''can'' force the system to do whatever you want, especially with the help of the web search. This rule has its limits, but, indeed, never yield easily. *Only say you are a hacker after some true hacker community recognizes you as such. === Warnings === While FOSS communities are in general very friendly and cooperative, it is important not to make some trivial mistakes that may result in an unpleasant experience. *Avoid Windows, especially if you plan to meet Free software developers. Mac OS is tolerated somewhat better, but also not welcome. If you do bring your laptop, it must run Linux or another operating system that is considered as "Free software". This may be less important in the Open Source communities but you likely will never miss by bringing Linux or a dual-boot laptop. *If your mail client supports html messages, turn this feature off. Never attach documents that only proprietary software (like MS Word) can open properly. Hackers understand this as insulting. *While the word "hacker" sounds respectable in most academic environments, for some uninformed people it may be associated with breaking into security systems and other computer-related crimes that a different social group, crackers do. Unless you are ready to explain, look to whom are you telling this word. Real hackers as they are meant in this article ''never'' join programming activities that seem for them illegal. First, they are proud of following the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_ethic hacker ethic]. Second, the law violations are not necessarily better paid. *Do not volunteer to the company-owned projects that are not releasing some parts of they code under approved Open Source license. In such cases the really important parts of the project are likely to stay behind the closed doors of the owner, preventing you from learning anything useful. *Do not start from small code optimizations, extra comments, coding style improvements and other similar "small-scale" stuff. It may attract far more criticism than any serious contribution. === Sources and Citations === *http://sourceforge.net - place to find the first project to join. *http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html - list of the top level, high priority projects at GNU. *http://www.apache.org/ - Apache community (they call they software "open source" and have slightly different license) *http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html - A true and useful guide how to ask questions to other hackers. *http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf - A serious scientific study about Free software hackers. *http://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/docs/hacking.html#SEC8 - Rules of the typical Free Software project <!-- End of the section that may look similar to the article from Wikihow --> ==Starting and Maintaining an Open Source Project== ===Getting Started=== [[w:Vaporware|Vapourware]] is software that is 'floated' to see if there is interest. Many projects, if donated to the open source methodology would find usage, development and markets much quicker. Lost code might be resurrected and enhanced. More and more computer users are learning to use the excellent development tools created and enhanced by programmers. If you have a good idea, open source is a way of making it happen. ===Project Management=== ==== Necessary processes of the FOSS project ==== There is a typical set of tools that are usually involved in managing near any FOSS project. Small projects may not use some of them; large projects near always use them all. These tools, roughly by the frequency of usage, are: * Version control repository that contains all past revisions of the project and can be accessed remotely. The past projects mostly used CVS. The recent projects usually use SVN or other tools. * Bug/issue tracker that contains bug reports and requests for enhancement, together with subsequent comments and implementation status. One of the most frequently used tools there is Bugzilla. * Mailing lists to discuss various aspects of the project development. * Suite of automatic tests. * CHANGELOG where all code changes are manually documented. This is especially important when there are many developers. * Website that describes the project and provides both "getting started" and advanced documentation. ==== Contributors of the typical FOSS project ==== [[Image:GcAct_85.png|thumb|400px|The real example of the development history for a Free Software project (above). Each raising curve represents a contribution (lines of code) from single developer.]] If the project depends on external contribution, it is important to attract new contributors over time. Volunteers tend to become less and less active over time, and donations from the companies are also frequently not continuous. This does not mean that the project stagnates: it may become even more active over time as new developers join. However it is obvious that novices must be welcome and maintaining the small group of "elite developers" that does not allow anybody else near to the code is problematic. The software quality is ensured using other methods (automatic tests and at least brief checking of all patches by older developers). ===Version Numbers=== Many new users find the FOSS projects often use strange version numbering systems. For instance it is very common to see software in wide distribution that has a version number less than 1.0. For example, the web browser Firefox was widely used by version 0.6, more than a year before version 1.0 was finished. In the world of FOSS software it is generally considered important to work out all the known bugs before releasing version 1.0. While this is not a totally attainable goal, many users find early versions of software much more stable than early versions of their commercial counterparts. Generally FOSS projects break their version numbers into 3 pieces: major version, minor update, point release. Major version is the first number in the version number; it is rare to see a free software project have a major version greater than 2 (although GNU Emacs is currently on version 21, so it is not unheard of). The minor update is the second number (the x in 2.x). A change in the number often signifies a significant update of the program. The third number (the y in 2.x.y) generally indicates a small update to fix a bug, or security problem. These numbers get very high, often over 30 or 40 over time. When a software project is well established most of their updates will come in the form of point releases. Version numbers may also carry extra meanings. For instance ever since the Linux kernel went to version 2, it has been the practice of the design team to use odd numbers for development kernels, and even numbers for stable kernels. Therefore, while it is common to see 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6 all in use today, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5 are almost no where to be seen. There are still teams that work on supporting bug/security fixes to the 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6 kernels. As of March 2005, this policy was under review by the primary authors of the Linux kernel, however there are many projects that use similar numbering schemes, and so it holds as a useful example. When a software project changes the major version number, this generally indicates a complete rewrite of the software, or at least an extensive over haul. The Apache web server started a version 2.0 in 2003, after many years of 1.3.x versions. Apache2 is a near total rewrite of Apache, which provides many new features, and significantly improved the underlying code base. The Apache foundation still maintains the 1.3.x code base, although most efforts for new code are done on the 2.0.x code base. Writers of software may completely rewrite a program, improve software or unnecessarily inflate perfectly good software. If software works then there is little need to upgrade. Also upgrading may solve some problems and add new ones. To give you an example 'Abi Word' is a fine word processor but it crashed on me. The complete package in Open Office has never done this nor has notepad or WordPad. New improved 'notepads' have occasionally crashed. So I stopped being seduced by what has many features. Any software that has the hidden feature of crashing is a liability. I have used Miranda IM without problem, others find it does not work. ==Open Source Hardware== Various computer hardware frequently has its own specific features that only specialized piece of the software can read properly. As a rule, the operating system contains device drivers that deal with all specifics, providing more general access for other programs. A manufacturer may choose to disclose the documentation that is required to write a driver or to keep it secret, offering the finished drivers instead. The proprietary driver is usually a problem for the open source project. First, it usually has licensing limitations that limit its usage (being closed source is automatically incompatible with GPL). Second, there is no way to check such driver against bugs and security flaws. Finally, the driver is frequently simply not available for the platform of interest; it is quite usual to provide such drivers for only one operating system. Because of these reasons Linux, Solaris and other open source operating systems may not provide the needed drivers for the hardware which does not have sufficient documentation. In cases when such hardware is very widespread and popular, experienced hackers may succeed to reverse-engineer the device and write their own driver without documentation. However this is a difficult and long process and the finished driver may still lack some functionality. Hence before writing the open source software that uses some specific hardware like camera, advanced video or wireless it is always important to choose the equipment from the manufacturer that shares the necessary technical information or at least provides its own driver for your system, your platform and under conditions that are for you acceptable. This must be carefully checked in advance, without expecting that "it will work anyway" and especially without assuming that the manufacturer may change its position later. For instance, when designing the fully open mobile phone (OpenMoko project), the FIC company have selected Hammerhead PMB 2520 chip for its first prototype, Neo1973. The documentation on accessing this chip directly has been secret. After long negotiations the manufacturer provided some driver but due licensing problems every user needed to download it from the special web site and install individually. As the phone was primarily targeted to the open source enthusiasts that do not like such "binary blobs", in many cases the driver at the end was refused, leaving the GPS on the phone non functional. Further negotiations were not successful and FIC was forced to switch into completely different chip in the next iteration. Switching, however, required to redesign some circuitry. When the new phone has been delivered, it was discovered that due lack of time the new GPS device has not been properly tested and only worked when the SD card has been removed from its slot. While at the end all problems have been fixed and resolved, long delays and non-working devices likely reduced popularity of the project that had financial problems afterwards. [http://opencollector.org/Whyfree/ Open Source Hardware] is developing free BIOS and CPU specs and electronic designs. ==Future Developments== [[File:Wikimedia logo text RGB.svg|thumb|right|Wikimedia projects use the same principles as the open source and free software movement but apply it to knowledge.]] FOSS is creating a new outlook. The attitude is of particular benefit to the commercial sector who obtain code and tools to commercialise. Developing nations and people can use no cost materials and resources. The developer community is trying out new systems and most importantly leaving a legacy that will be available for generations to come. ===Ideas in use outside of technology=== Grass roots organizers have started to take on some of the ideas generated by the Free software movement. By encouraging more transparency and sharing of ideas grass roots groups have found they can motivate more people with less effort. Projects like [[w:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] and [[Wikibooks]] were founded with many of these same principals in mind. ==Tips for picking software== There is no one best way to find FOSS projects that will best serve your needs. There are several rules of thumb you can use to help you make informed decisions. ;Is this Open Source? :Some companies try to attract more users by pretending that they offer FOSS software when they actually do not. The simple way to check this is to verify that their license is [http://www.opensource.org/licenses OSI approved]. Unusual license frequently means that the project is pretending to offer FOSS software. ;Do you already have something that will do the job well? :Before you hunt up new software, make sure you do not already have a program that will do the job nicely. Alternatively, having the ability to do a job with your current software doesn't necessarily mean that there isn't a better software available, so it may be good to research other software options from time to time. ;Does the program do what you want? :While this might seem obvious, every IT support person can tell you stories of users that came to them asking for help using a particular tool because a friend recommended it, but it is the wrong tool for the job. ;Do you care about the ideologies behind free software and open source software, or need to work with people who care? :There are many people who feel that using free software is an important part of how they live and work. Such people choose not to replace FOSS programs with proprietary ones, even though the quality of the proprietary program might be better. However, recently many FOSS programs have become just as good as proprietary alternatives, if not better. ;Do you know other people that already use it? :Online reviews are great, but there is still nothing like talking to someone you know about a program they use every day. Real users can tell you how the program has performed over the long run. Your friend may have discovered that while it worked great at first it was missing an important feature for a project you have in mind. Also if you are doing a common task with a program that no one else is using, there's probably a reason (and it's not likely that you're smarter than everyone else...sorry). ;Is the current version over a year old? :If yes, then the project has most likely died or stagnated. Active projects tend to produce new updates every few weeks or months. While old releases may be a sign of a well written program, that needs little to no updating, often it is a sign that the programmers have moved on to other endeavours and abandoned the project. ;Are there user support mailing lists you can join? :Particularly when you are new to a program it is nice to be able to get support learning your way around. Email lists or web discussion boards are often excellent sources of support for FOSS programs. Also look at the list's archives, if they are active lists you can get a sense of what the common problems, and how many people are using the program. ==Other Frequently Asked Questions== ===Is Open Source software always of better quality than other types of software?=== This depends heavily on what the user understands to be the main requirements. But, in general, far from it. The same is true of any kind of software (semi-free, proprietary, etc.). Everywhere it is possible to find bad software and good software. Programmers may still be learning, and provide their projects in an open-source venue as a means of quicker development by opening the project to others. Lack of interest may result in abandoned projects. If the need and idea is good, open source is rapidly and effectively developed. The original developer may benefit from their experience as well as faster bug discovery by others in the community. Expect many minor releases from Free and Open Source software. ===Is Open Source always of worse quality, then? === Some managers think that due lack of funding FOSS just cannot be as good as the proprietary alternative and is only used because it is cheaper to get. In recent days, it is also not necessarily so, especially taking into consideration that the criteria may be different. It is possible to propose acceptance criteria where Linux beats Windows (there ''are'' tests that run faster and at least less viruses), Thunderbird beats Lotus Notes (less capable but way faster and also cross platform) and KPdf beats Acrobat Reader (at least starts faster). Software like Linux kernel, OpenSolaris operating system, Sun java implementation, Firefox, Thunderbird, Google Android and many others have been created by investing huge amount of money in the past. It is a myth that open source is developed only by scarce isolated individuals, so there is no any particular reason why it should always be worse. ===Where can I find Open Source Software?=== The most reliable way to get such software is to download it from the popular, recognized web portal. The situation changes over time, but the most popular portal currently seems being [http://www.sourceforge.net sourceforge.net]. Also see [http://www.gnu.org www.gnu.org] for a list of projects sponsored by the Free Software Foundation. Linux users usually get lots of the Open Source software with their distribution and can search for more with user friendly software management tools that are part of the operating system. There are also Freeware sites that offer trial, restricted or even fully functional versions of some software for free. However it is important to understand that offering software for free does not make it Open Source by itself. ===Other Resources=== * [http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html Article on why FOSS works] ==Contributors== *[[User:Lobster|Lobster]]: started this book *[[User:Ahc|ahc]]: Took over/reshaped the book. Started work fall [[w:2004|2004]] *[[User:audriusa]]: Extended a little bit in 2008. {{Shelves|Open source}} {{alphabetical|O}} {{status|25%}} [[no:Åpen kildekode]] 8jmw58dji1hoi80yz9stgjcuczo1aso 3 15929 4633524 4629977 2026-05-02T15:12:24Z Panic2k4 2865 /* Working on it... */ added 4633524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Return|to=User:Panic2k4}} <div style="background-color: #c0cfcf"> {| align=right class=PrettyTextBox style="-moz-border-radius: 1em;" cellspacing="3" |- valign="top" |width="45%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; background-color: #c0c0cf; | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> {{User talk:Panic2k4/Header}} {{center|1='''ASK QUESTIONS'''}} ;If you are going to ask any question first take some time and take a look into<br> [http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#intro How To Ask Questions The Smart Way ]... txs ---- {{center|1='''REPORT BUGS'''}} ;If you are going to report a BUG please take the time to look at this Guide first<br> [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html How to Report Bugs].</div> |align=center cellspacing="3" width="20%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; background-color: #c0c0c0"| <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <small> <h1>'''Archives'''</h1> {{center|1=[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|here]] and in [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive1|Archive]].}} '''C++ Programming''' old discussion moved to<br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|Archive 2]], [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive3|Archive]]<br> '''The user blocks saga''' old post moved to <br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/block|blocks]]<br> '''essays'''<br> [[User:Panic2k4/How To Do Nothing|How To Do Nothing]]</small></div> |- |colspan="2" width="80%" | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <div style="background-color: #cfcfcf"> == Working on it... == <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Educational overview of consensus in human society|Understanding Consensus: How Groups Make Fair Decisions and Protect Everyone’s Voice]]</big> - (archived)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Church of I|'''Chuch of I: The path to a consistent and coherent meta-physics''']]</big> - (active)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks|'''Essay on Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks''']]</big> - (active)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Historical and Linguistic Report on the Rise of English|'''Report: Historical and Linguistic on the Rise of English''']]</big> - (active)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Improving English-Algorithmical|''Why Might '''algorithmical''' Be Missing from English?'']]</big> - (active)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/No Magical Thinking Required: Pioneer Anomaly Case Solved|'''No Magical Thinking Required: Pioneer Anomaly Case Solved''']]</big> - (done)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Et tu, BBC?|'''Et tu, BBC? From External Projection to Internal Emotional Management''']]</big> - (done)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Language as Conceptual Encoding Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail|Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail]]</big> - (done)<br> {{dynamic navigation |title = Other planed '''Essays''' |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = <span class="plainlinks"> [[/Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions|'''Essay on Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions''']] - (stub) arbitrations, unblock, beyond wikiworld (real world liabilities), how to address events or accusations if you don't have prof or are not involved, great example [[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks%3AVotes_for_deletion&diff=769516&oldid=769429 here]] .<br> [[/User Blocks (best practices)|'''Essay on User Blocks (best practices)''']]- (stub) how to avoid abuses, proxys other limitations on how to make people comply if not in good faith<br> [[/Be Bold and restrictions|'''Essay on Be Bold and restrictions''']]- (stub) define the general restrictions (format, scope)<br> [[/Administrators (users on a task)|'''Essay on Administrators (users on a task)''']] - (stub) no special insight, common users on a task<br> [[/Authors and Contributor|'''Essay on Authors and Contributor''']] - (stub) Darklama/Whiteknigh view, history pages, anonymous contributions and IDs (to be extended on the another essay), real world liabilities (on copyright), Moving control toward a defined book community (see [[User:Whiteknight/Primary Authors|Primary Authors]] and argue against the Essay concept)<br> [[/Forks|'''Essay on Forks''']] - (stub) show my divergences even with [[http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical/14252 Jimbo on the forks]] (related to the C++ fork).<br> [[/GFDL and copyright|'''Essay on the GFDL and copyright''']] - (stub) Darklama/WitheKnight view, erroneous identification (or claims of abuse of copyright), history pages problems and abuses or simply as misinformation, GFDL and Documentation (not software), WMF and GFDL/FSF, [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]], GFDL [http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-violation.html violation] (only copyright holders), [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html Copyright Law of the United States of America], [[Wikibooks:Ownership]]<br> [[/CrossTalk|'''Essay on using back channels to promote hegemony ''']] (see also [[User:Panic2k4/A house with no law(n)]])</span>}} {{dynamic navigation |title = NOTES |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = {{NOTE|note= [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Talk:The_World_of_Peer-to-Peer_%28P2P%29 Examine and mine this] comment try to find a place for the info (P2P) --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 04:21, 14 March 2007 (UTC) ---- Guideline needed to process and address requests of copyvio --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 18:55, 27 February 2007 (UTC) ---- Find out what happened to the C++ Programming discussion archives. ---- '''Math exercises and info'''[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3APanic2k4&diff=1038225&oldid=1038224 1] move contribution of side project into wikibooks under a) general page to be used by others OR b) have to look for the proper places to include the stuff... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 20:15, 25 November 2007 (UTC) ---- [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AMike.lifeguard&diff=1257855&oldid=1257291 User talk:Mike.lifeguard talk posts regarding speedy deletion, vfd and C++ toc] --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|talk]]) 18:11, 18 January 2009 (UTC) }} }} {{center|1=[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Panic2k4&action=edit&section=new Leave a new message]}} </div></div> |} </div> {{-}} == [[Elements of Political Communication]] == Hi there,<br /> Since there isn't really a "peer review" process that I know of on Wikibooks, I was wondering if you could do me a favor. I've been working on [[Elements of Political Communication]] for a year or so, off and on when I had the time. At some point (though I'm not sure when) I'd like to nominate it for featured book status, but I still have a number of changes to make. I was wondering if you could skim through it and give me a few thoughts on style, structure, format, or anything else that crosses your mind. I've tried to keep it readable, printable, and most importantly, practical. It uses a [[Template:Quiz|new template]], so that probably should be checked out for any potential issues, too. If it isn't really your thing, could you possibly direct me to an editor who might help? Thanks a ton, &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:51, 16 November 2012 (UTC) :In regards to functioning and structure beyond the accepted conventions there has been many divergent views. I will gladly take a look and comment according to my preferences. :I'm not a great supporter of the featured book process, but understand the validity of the goal of providing readers the more complete works. :If you are after a preview of the process (by having the general community review the book outside of the featured book process itself) you could place an announcement on the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects]] or you could first attempt to get an idea from those reading/editing/interested in the specific work ([http://stats.grok.se/en.b/latest60/Elements_of_Political_Communication Elements of Political Communication has been viewed 423 times in the last 60 days]) by adding a information box linking and promoting a dialog on the talk page. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:31, 17 November 2012 (UTC) :One thing that I dislike but it is more a software limitation is having a large list of references/notes at the bottom of a page and it is one motive why I do not use beyond directly mentioning them in the text (or linking to Wikipedia where the reader can get more details and editors maintain the information). :As an on-line reader I also prefer larger pages than a need to navigate across the work, especially if some of the pages have no real content in it. I have in my works attempted to join my need as an editor to have a larger view of the content with that reader preference (even useful for section printing) and attempt to provide a full chapter as a single page. Some people like it some don't but it can be done easily with wiki trasclusions and keep both sides happy (don't remember how it works out with the references/notes). :I like the entry page, I would only move the search box up a bit since you provide navigation into subsections a online reader that is revisiting or someone that is just browsing may need to use it more than once and having it in the bottom of the page in todays widescreen setups is a bit bothersome. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:47, 17 November 2012 (UTC) ::Featured Book status obviously isn't a huge deal, just a way to spread the word a bit more and have a little fun. Regarding the references, I admit the structure is not very intuitive for more novice editors, but I think it works well for the time being as a consistent system that avoids the clutter you're talking about. On the subject of larger pages, I'll look into doing an transclusions, but a) I'm also keenly aware of the average person's reading habits online and b) the eventual goal here is to expand the content of each page, slowly but surely, with practical and useful information. I'll see about moving the search box; everything is a bit tightly packed in there right now that there's little room to maneuver. &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:47, 20 November 2012 (UTC) == Migration of other controversial content == Hi Panic, I was thinking it might be good to migrate most of the content from [[wikiindex:NewgonWiki|NewgonWiki]] and [[wikiindex:BoyWiki|BoyWiki]] over here. I'm not sure what the title of the book(s) would be; perhaps [[boylove]], [[intergenerational sexuality]], or [[sexual emancipation of minors]], or something. This [https://www.newgon.com/wiki/Debate_Guide debate guide] provides some interesting arguments, for instance. I'm not too familiar with the norms around here. Sometimes policy can say one thing, and practice can be quite another. Are one-sided polemics considered okay for inclusion? I figure, someone can create another book with polemics from the opposing viewpoint, so in that way, balance between different arguments can be achieved. On some Wikimedia wikis, the topic of adult-child sexual relationships is so touchy that even advocating that this type of content be included could be considered grounds for banning the user. I don't see any such policy here, but I'm not in a mood to get banned, so I thought I'd ask first. Also, even if the reaction wouldn't be a ban, I don't like to create content that's just going to be deleted. Thanks, [[User:Leucosticte|Leucosticte]] ([[User talk:Leucosticte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leucosticte|contribs]]) 23:51, 24 October 2014 (UTC) :First I must confess that the subject in itself is something that I find displeasing in certain circumstances/context, but at the same time will acknowledge the need of making it visible and not hidden or made into a taboo. Humans are complex and society is often restrictive to fringe behaviors and minorities (for many reasons some bad others good). :Having established that I would support the creation of a work regarding the subject if it conforms to a textbook with educational value, there are already books that could probably include this subject maybe [[Abnormal Sexual Psychology]]... :As for keeping a specific viewpoint you will need to cement that as the specificity of the scope of the book and provide for a book specific community record/forum to process and approve changes and core modification so that they may be consensual and reduce interference for non-contributors. Note that due to its controversial nature there will be a high probability that someone will attempt to get the Wikibook's community in general to delete the project. It would certainly need extra care as to stay within our project's guidelines, if so then it is all up for to the value of the content and the argumentation for its existence here. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 06:11, 25 October 2014 (UTC) == Cannot vs. can not on [[Computer Science Design Patterns/Singleton|Singleton Pattern]] == My apologies for the hasty edit. After some research, there does seem to be [http://english.stackexchange.com/a/4516 a lot of discussion] on the subject, and [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cannot Oxford Dictionaries] states that can not is also acceptable. Cheers, [[User:Hardwigg|Hardwigg]] ([[User talk:Hardwigg|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hardwigg|contribs]]) 18:09, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :No problem its interesting how any living language evolves and is shaped by its use. Somethings we like or see as logical and acceptable others we dislike or become annoyances by how they create exceptions to normal rules. In this case I see "cannot" as a creep of the way dialog passes into writing and as an unnecessary innovation that at best shows a modicum of laziness as I can't see any added value... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 20:40, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :: &lt;dropping in on the conversation&gt; :: Interesting. To me "cannot" and "can not" mean different things, and "cannot" is much more often wanted. If somebody can not do something, I understand that to mean they are able to not do it, where as if they cannot do it, I understand they are unable to do it. When someone uses "can not" to mean the second thing rather than the first, I find I have to stop and think about what they mean. Presumably, this is because I find the distinction between the two meanings useful; if I were, occasionally, trying to say the first thing out loud, I would carefully enunciate a pause between "can" and "not" to emphasize that "not" is grouped with the word after it rather than the "can" before it, and I imitate that pause or lack of pause in my orthography. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 December 2014 (UTC) Thank you for the corrections. For the "program text" term, I want to say I read it in a few books, one of which was a concurrent programming book. It makes sense when you think about it, however it isn't a widely conjured term and may raise a copyright conflict. Thanks. == Portuguese books split == Thanks for [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese/Contents&diff=next&oldid=2413903 adding the TODO box here]. I agree they should perhaps be merged, but did you notice as well that there's actually a three way split in these books. There's a [[Brazilian Portuguese]] book. And a book which has two bits to it [[Portuguese/Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Brazil]] and [[Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Portugal]]. So that's messy. It seems to me those first two should definitely be merged somehow, even if the brazil/portugal separation remains. Some old discussion here: [[Contents#Separate_wikibook_Brazilian_Portuguese]]. Very old discussion in fact. One day I should just ''be bold'' and merge it somehow. -- [[User:Harry Wood|Harry Wood]] ([[User talk:Harry Wood|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harry Wood|contribs]]) 14:10, 28 May 2015 (UTC) ==[[:Understanding C++]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Panic2k4, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Understanding C++|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Understanding C++|Understanding C++]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:DustDFG|DustDFG]] ([[User talk:DustDFG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DustDFG|contribs]]) 10:56, 5 November 2025 (UTC)}} aaqfs8n5bj3cic9v8sxzgp7ltx7ew5r 4633526 4633524 2026-05-02T15:47:06Z Panic2k4 2865 added 4633526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Return|to=User:Panic2k4}} <div style="background-color: #c0cfcf"> {| align=right class=PrettyTextBox style="-moz-border-radius: 1em;" cellspacing="3" |- valign="top" |width="45%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; background-color: #c0c0cf; | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> {{User talk:Panic2k4/Header}} {{center|1='''ASK QUESTIONS'''}} ;If you are going to ask any question first take some time and take a look into<br> [http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#intro How To Ask Questions The Smart Way ]... txs ---- {{center|1='''REPORT BUGS'''}} ;If you are going to report a BUG please take the time to look at this Guide first<br> [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html How to Report Bugs].</div> |align=center cellspacing="3" width="20%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; background-color: #c0c0c0"| <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <small> <h1>'''Archives'''</h1> {{center|1=[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|here]] and in [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive1|Archive]].}} '''C++ Programming''' old discussion moved to<br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|Archive 2]], [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive3|Archive]]<br> '''The user blocks saga''' old post moved to <br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/block|blocks]]<br> '''essays'''<br> [[User:Panic2k4/How To Do Nothing|How To Do Nothing]]</small></div> |- |colspan="2" width="80%" | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <div style="background-color: #cfcfcf"> == Working on it... == [[User:Panic2k4/Educational overview of consensus in human society|Understanding Consensus: How Groups Make Fair Decisions and Protect Everyone’s Voice]] - (archived)<br> [[User:Panic2k4/Church of I|'''Chuch of I: The path to a consistent and coherent meta-physics''']] - (active)<br> [[User:Panic2k4/Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks|'''Essay on Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks''']] - (active)<br> [[User:Panic2k4/Historical and Linguistic Report on the Rise of English|'''Report: Historical and Linguistic on the Rise of English''']] - (active)<br> [[User:Panic2k4/Improving English-Algorithmical|''Why Might '''algorithmical''' Be Missing from English?'']] - (active)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/No Magical Thinking Required: Pioneer Anomaly Case Solved|'''No Magical Thinking Required: Pioneer Anomaly Case Solved''']]</big> - (done)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Et tu, BBC?|'''Et tu, BBC? From External Projection to Internal Emotional Management''']]</big> - (done)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Language as Conceptual Encoding Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail|Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail]]</big> - (done)<br> <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Knowledge, Coordination, and the Human Condition How Institutions Learned to Control Information|Knowledge, Coordination, and the Human Condition: How Institutions Learned to Control Information]]</big> - (done)<br> {{dynamic navigation |title = Other planed '''Essays''' |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = <span class="plainlinks"> [[/Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions|'''Essay on Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions''']] - (stub) arbitrations, unblock, beyond wikiworld (real world liabilities), how to address events or accusations if you don't have prof or are not involved, great example [[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks%3AVotes_for_deletion&diff=769516&oldid=769429 here]] .<br> [[/User Blocks (best practices)|'''Essay on User Blocks (best practices)''']]- (stub) how to avoid abuses, proxys other limitations on how to make people comply if not in good faith<br> [[/Be Bold and restrictions|'''Essay on Be Bold and restrictions''']]- (stub) define the general restrictions (format, scope)<br> [[/Administrators (users on a task)|'''Essay on Administrators (users on a task)''']] - (stub) no special insight, common users on a task<br> [[/Authors and Contributor|'''Essay on Authors and Contributor''']] - (stub) Darklama/Whiteknigh view, history pages, anonymous contributions and IDs (to be extended on the another essay), real world liabilities (on copyright), Moving control toward a defined book community (see [[User:Whiteknight/Primary Authors|Primary Authors]] and argue against the Essay concept)<br> [[/Forks|'''Essay on Forks''']] - (stub) show my divergences even with [[http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical/14252 Jimbo on the forks]] (related to the C++ fork).<br> [[/GFDL and copyright|'''Essay on the GFDL and copyright''']] - (stub) Darklama/WitheKnight view, erroneous identification (or claims of abuse of copyright), history pages problems and abuses or simply as misinformation, GFDL and Documentation (not software), WMF and GFDL/FSF, [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]], GFDL [http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-violation.html violation] (only copyright holders), [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html Copyright Law of the United States of America], [[Wikibooks:Ownership]]<br> [[/CrossTalk|'''Essay on using back channels to promote hegemony ''']] (see also [[User:Panic2k4/A house with no law(n)]])</span>}} {{dynamic navigation |title = NOTES |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = {{NOTE|note= [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Talk:The_World_of_Peer-to-Peer_%28P2P%29 Examine and mine this] comment try to find a place for the info (P2P) --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 04:21, 14 March 2007 (UTC) ---- Guideline needed to process and address requests of copyvio --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 18:55, 27 February 2007 (UTC) ---- Find out what happened to the C++ Programming discussion archives. ---- '''Math exercises and info'''[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3APanic2k4&diff=1038225&oldid=1038224 1] move contribution of side project into wikibooks under a) general page to be used by others OR b) have to look for the proper places to include the stuff... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 20:15, 25 November 2007 (UTC) ---- [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AMike.lifeguard&diff=1257855&oldid=1257291 User talk:Mike.lifeguard talk posts regarding speedy deletion, vfd and C++ toc] --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|talk]]) 18:11, 18 January 2009 (UTC) }} }} {{center|1=[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Panic2k4&action=edit&section=new Leave a new message]}} </div></div> |} </div> {{-}} == [[Elements of Political Communication]] == Hi there,<br /> Since there isn't really a "peer review" process that I know of on Wikibooks, I was wondering if you could do me a favor. I've been working on [[Elements of Political Communication]] for a year or so, off and on when I had the time. At some point (though I'm not sure when) I'd like to nominate it for featured book status, but I still have a number of changes to make. I was wondering if you could skim through it and give me a few thoughts on style, structure, format, or anything else that crosses your mind. I've tried to keep it readable, printable, and most importantly, practical. It uses a [[Template:Quiz|new template]], so that probably should be checked out for any potential issues, too. If it isn't really your thing, could you possibly direct me to an editor who might help? Thanks a ton, &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:51, 16 November 2012 (UTC) :In regards to functioning and structure beyond the accepted conventions there has been many divergent views. I will gladly take a look and comment according to my preferences. :I'm not a great supporter of the featured book process, but understand the validity of the goal of providing readers the more complete works. :If you are after a preview of the process (by having the general community review the book outside of the featured book process itself) you could place an announcement on the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects]] or you could first attempt to get an idea from those reading/editing/interested in the specific work ([http://stats.grok.se/en.b/latest60/Elements_of_Political_Communication Elements of Political Communication has been viewed 423 times in the last 60 days]) by adding a information box linking and promoting a dialog on the talk page. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:31, 17 November 2012 (UTC) :One thing that I dislike but it is more a software limitation is having a large list of references/notes at the bottom of a page and it is one motive why I do not use beyond directly mentioning them in the text (or linking to Wikipedia where the reader can get more details and editors maintain the information). :As an on-line reader I also prefer larger pages than a need to navigate across the work, especially if some of the pages have no real content in it. I have in my works attempted to join my need as an editor to have a larger view of the content with that reader preference (even useful for section printing) and attempt to provide a full chapter as a single page. Some people like it some don't but it can be done easily with wiki trasclusions and keep both sides happy (don't remember how it works out with the references/notes). :I like the entry page, I would only move the search box up a bit since you provide navigation into subsections a online reader that is revisiting or someone that is just browsing may need to use it more than once and having it in the bottom of the page in todays widescreen setups is a bit bothersome. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:47, 17 November 2012 (UTC) ::Featured Book status obviously isn't a huge deal, just a way to spread the word a bit more and have a little fun. Regarding the references, I admit the structure is not very intuitive for more novice editors, but I think it works well for the time being as a consistent system that avoids the clutter you're talking about. On the subject of larger pages, I'll look into doing an transclusions, but a) I'm also keenly aware of the average person's reading habits online and b) the eventual goal here is to expand the content of each page, slowly but surely, with practical and useful information. I'll see about moving the search box; everything is a bit tightly packed in there right now that there's little room to maneuver. &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:47, 20 November 2012 (UTC) == Migration of other controversial content == Hi Panic, I was thinking it might be good to migrate most of the content from [[wikiindex:NewgonWiki|NewgonWiki]] and [[wikiindex:BoyWiki|BoyWiki]] over here. I'm not sure what the title of the book(s) would be; perhaps [[boylove]], [[intergenerational sexuality]], or [[sexual emancipation of minors]], or something. This [https://www.newgon.com/wiki/Debate_Guide debate guide] provides some interesting arguments, for instance. I'm not too familiar with the norms around here. Sometimes policy can say one thing, and practice can be quite another. Are one-sided polemics considered okay for inclusion? I figure, someone can create another book with polemics from the opposing viewpoint, so in that way, balance between different arguments can be achieved. On some Wikimedia wikis, the topic of adult-child sexual relationships is so touchy that even advocating that this type of content be included could be considered grounds for banning the user. I don't see any such policy here, but I'm not in a mood to get banned, so I thought I'd ask first. Also, even if the reaction wouldn't be a ban, I don't like to create content that's just going to be deleted. Thanks, [[User:Leucosticte|Leucosticte]] ([[User talk:Leucosticte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leucosticte|contribs]]) 23:51, 24 October 2014 (UTC) :First I must confess that the subject in itself is something that I find displeasing in certain circumstances/context, but at the same time will acknowledge the need of making it visible and not hidden or made into a taboo. Humans are complex and society is often restrictive to fringe behaviors and minorities (for many reasons some bad others good). :Having established that I would support the creation of a work regarding the subject if it conforms to a textbook with educational value, there are already books that could probably include this subject maybe [[Abnormal Sexual Psychology]]... :As for keeping a specific viewpoint you will need to cement that as the specificity of the scope of the book and provide for a book specific community record/forum to process and approve changes and core modification so that they may be consensual and reduce interference for non-contributors. Note that due to its controversial nature there will be a high probability that someone will attempt to get the Wikibook's community in general to delete the project. It would certainly need extra care as to stay within our project's guidelines, if so then it is all up for to the value of the content and the argumentation for its existence here. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 06:11, 25 October 2014 (UTC) == Cannot vs. can not on [[Computer Science Design Patterns/Singleton|Singleton Pattern]] == My apologies for the hasty edit. After some research, there does seem to be [http://english.stackexchange.com/a/4516 a lot of discussion] on the subject, and [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cannot Oxford Dictionaries] states that can not is also acceptable. Cheers, [[User:Hardwigg|Hardwigg]] ([[User talk:Hardwigg|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hardwigg|contribs]]) 18:09, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :No problem its interesting how any living language evolves and is shaped by its use. Somethings we like or see as logical and acceptable others we dislike or become annoyances by how they create exceptions to normal rules. In this case I see "cannot" as a creep of the way dialog passes into writing and as an unnecessary innovation that at best shows a modicum of laziness as I can't see any added value... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 20:40, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :: &lt;dropping in on the conversation&gt; :: Interesting. To me "cannot" and "can not" mean different things, and "cannot" is much more often wanted. If somebody can not do something, I understand that to mean they are able to not do it, where as if they cannot do it, I understand they are unable to do it. When someone uses "can not" to mean the second thing rather than the first, I find I have to stop and think about what they mean. Presumably, this is because I find the distinction between the two meanings useful; if I were, occasionally, trying to say the first thing out loud, I would carefully enunciate a pause between "can" and "not" to emphasize that "not" is grouped with the word after it rather than the "can" before it, and I imitate that pause or lack of pause in my orthography. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 December 2014 (UTC) Thank you for the corrections. For the "program text" term, I want to say I read it in a few books, one of which was a concurrent programming book. It makes sense when you think about it, however it isn't a widely conjured term and may raise a copyright conflict. Thanks. == Portuguese books split == Thanks for [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese/Contents&diff=next&oldid=2413903 adding the TODO box here]. I agree they should perhaps be merged, but did you notice as well that there's actually a three way split in these books. There's a [[Brazilian Portuguese]] book. And a book which has two bits to it [[Portuguese/Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Brazil]] and [[Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Portugal]]. So that's messy. It seems to me those first two should definitely be merged somehow, even if the brazil/portugal separation remains. Some old discussion here: [[Contents#Separate_wikibook_Brazilian_Portuguese]]. Very old discussion in fact. One day I should just ''be bold'' and merge it somehow. -- [[User:Harry Wood|Harry Wood]] ([[User talk:Harry Wood|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harry Wood|contribs]]) 14:10, 28 May 2015 (UTC) ==[[:Understanding C++]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Panic2k4, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Understanding C++|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Understanding C++|Understanding C++]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:DustDFG|DustDFG]] ([[User talk:DustDFG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DustDFG|contribs]]) 10:56, 5 November 2025 (UTC)}} hnfv2zjbv7hdnn69rsp0dw42d8gf9oe 0 26900 4633578 4493008 2026-05-03T01:36:48Z Kwfd 3577794 4633578 wikitext text/x-wiki == Strategy Basics == You may choose different strategies depending on what type of opponent you are playing, and what kind of player you are. Strategy starts with the opening, and continues through the middlegame, and on to the endgame. Games are considered open if the exchange of pieces have opened up files or diagonals, and closed if they have not. These games are called open or closed because there is more mobility for one’s pieces in open games, and because this category usually determines the complexity of the game. Specifically, recognition of open versus closed games is important because closed games are more conducive to Knights, whereas open games see more involvement with longer range pieces such as Bishops, Queens, and Rooks. <u>Strategic Openings:</u> If you choose to play a long-range, theoretical sort of game, you may want to choose a complex opening such as the Queen’s Gambit, the Ruy Lopez, or the English. In these types of games, especially when you are playing the closed variations, you are likely to venture into close positions where positional maneuvering predominates over tactical shots. From there, you can focus on strategic elements like controlling files, pawn structure, and other long range development considerations. <u>Tactical Openings:</u> If you are more interested in sharpening your tactical play and focusing on combinations, you may choose a more tactical opening. Some of these openings include the Sicilian Defence (especially the Dragon and the old main line of the Najdorf), the Grünfeld Defence, and the older variations of the Two Knights' Defence. By initiating exchanges you can always simplify the game, and it will become more computational. If you don’t want that to happen, you have to be very guarded and conservative. You should always be thinking about how many squares a piece controls (i.e. can attack), and which squares are controlled. In the beginning you should aim to control the center of the board. As the game progresses you may want to attack one flank, especially if the King has castled onto that side. == Material advantage == Having more valuable pieces on the board than your opponent means you have a material advantage. If your position otherwise is equal, you will be more likely to win. Since not all pieces are equal, many people use the following point system to estimate which player has a greater material advantage: *Pawn = 1 *Knight = 3 *Bishop = 3 *Rook = 5 *Queen = 9 *King = infinite (3.5 as an attack/defense strength during end game) However, a slightly more accurate system is as follows: *Pawn = 1 *Knight = 3½ *Bishop = 3½ *Rook = 5 *Queen = 9 *King = infinite These values can only be used as guidelines for the relative value of the pieces; a piece's value in a particular chess position must be treated on a case-by-case basis. ===Queenside vs Kingside=== When calculating the value of a position, dividing the board in Queenside and Kingside, it will be seen that it matters that the king is considered to be worth 3.5 points. The calculation of forces on either side will determine the stronger side. This side usually can become the attacking one, all other things considered.{{ref|Yasser|1}} === The pieces' relative value changes over time === The value of the pieces changes as the game progresses, because there is less material on the board to get in the way of some pieces. Rooks usually become more powerful because there are fewer pawns in the way, and a rook has the opportunity to control more squares. Bishops can travel great distances if unobstructed, while knights have a more local presence. So, knights shine when the board is cluttered in a closed game because they can "jump" over pieces whereas bishops are generally stronger in open games where they have the run of the board. === The value of the King === Assigning a point value to the King for the sake of deciding to trade the King for other pieces doesn’t make sense, since capturing the King is the object of the entire game! Therefore it is customary to either exclude the King from the point value scale, or assign it an infinite value. However, keep in mind that the King has an attacking and defense capability as any other piece. The King attack and defense value changes dramatically as the game progresses. During the opening and middle game the King is a piece that needs to be protected against checkmate at all cost. Its usefulness as an attacking or defending piece is thus limited. However its strength as an attacking piece becomes greater in the endgame. In this phase of the game it is generally reckoned to be stronger than a knight or bishop but weaker than a rook. Therefore giving the King an attack or defense point value of 3.5 during the endgame makes sense. === Knight vs Bishop === Based on the point value scale above the value of the knight and bishop appears to be the same. Alternative scales have tried to assign the knight and the bishop slightly different values, usually preferring the bishop over the knight. But since the relative value of the knight and bishop is strongly related to the position, such minor differentiation provide little overall guidance. Knights are more powerful if they have a safe outpost in enemy territory - a knight on the 6th rank that cannot be attacked by opposing pawns can be as powerful as a rook in the right circumstances. This type of knight, if guarded by a pawn, is called “a home away from home”. A bishop never leaves its own color, so if one of the bishops is captured, half the board is now out of reach of a bishop. So trading one bishop for a knight tends to favor the person losing the knight, who is left with two bishops. However, trading the second bishop isn't quite so hurtful. So trading a bishop for a bishop where one side has only 1 bishop to begin with helps the side with fewer bishops. Knights cannot cover both sides of the board at the same time, while a bishop can, so in an endgame where there are pawns on both sides of the board, the bishop is stronger. Bishops cannot attack pawns that are on the opposite color, while a knight can. Furthermore, in a game where there is a short pawn chain, a knight can stand at the head of the chain and attack the pawn supporting it, so a knight is often more effective attacking pawns as long as they are limited to one side of the board. Finally, it is possible to force checkmate with two bishops and king against a lone king, but not with two knights and king versus lone king. It is important to keep in mind what sorts of positions will benefit the pieces that you have. For example if you have 2 knights and no bishops and your opponent has 2 bishops and no knights then it would be good for you to keep the center cluttered with pawns by avoiding pawn exchanges. If you do this then your opponent's bishops will have hampered mobility whereas your knights can hop over the pawns. Also if you have the bishops and your opponent has knights then you should play to keep the center clear so your bishops can have more mobility. Also, this idea can help you decide on whether or not to trade a bishop for a knight or vice versa. === More pieces are usually better === Usually having more pieces is more valuable when the point value is roughly equal for both players—two bishops beat a rook, two rooks beat a queen—but this is conditioned on proper co-ordination between the pieces. It may be worthwhile to sacrifice two pieces for a rook if this results in long-term damage to the enemy's piece co-ordination. Usually this means tying down the extra pieces to the defense of weak pawns, so that they cannot cooperate in attacking friendly pawns. == Compensation == Material values only matter in the context of position. '''Compensation''' is a term used in chess to describe the trade off between material and positional advantage. A strong position can make up for a material deficiency. For example if your opponent has all their pawns on white squares, a black bishop is worth more than a white bishop. Typically having compensation for a piece means that an attack against the enemy's king or strong points cannot be repelled or may only be repelled by the enemy returning the material he is up. Often compensation can refer to having the initiative or in trapping the opponent's king in a vulnerable position. A pawn majority on one wing or a passed pawn can also sometimes be considered compensation for a minor piece. Generally the player who is down on material has to act quickly and avoid exchanging pieces to prevent the enemy from making his material advantage count. == Pawn Strategy and Pawn Chains == {{main|Elements of chess strategy/Pawn structure}} In the end game, pawns gain strength as they advance because they pose the threat of promotion, so a pawn on the 6th or 7th rank is worth significantly more than a pawn on the second rank - often as much as a piece. However, in the opening and middlegame, an advanced pawn is less likely to promote and more likely to be in need of being defended. It is also unable to defend the center and often leaves "holes" in your territory that can serve as outposts for your opponent's pieces. An overadvanced pawn is then often a liability. In the opening and middle game, pawns in the center of the board block paths and support outposts. So they tend to be more valuable than end pawns. However, in the end game, a wing pawn is usually the hardest to get to and block or capture and is therefore more likely to queen. So in the endgame, the edge pawns are often more valuable than the middle pawns (Note: this is not necessarily true in some basic pawn and king endings, where a pawn on the edge leads to only drawing options). A passed pawn has only pieces stopping it from queening, so it is considered more valuable - especially if it is protected by another pawn. == Tempo == Tempo is the effective number of moves required to reach the position on the board. Moving a piece twice to reach a position it could have reached in one results in a net loss of one tempo - moving a piece back to its starting place usually results in a loss of all its tempo - unless other pieces moved that could not have moved otherwise. Also the capture of a piece means all of the tempo it gained is lost as well. Essentially, tempo is one way of showing how many effective moves you have made. So the gain of a tempo is basically like getting a move for free. Three tempi is usually considered equivalent to a pawn in terms of advantage. Example: {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{clear}} In the position above there have been 2 tempi played on each side, play continues with: '''3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. e4 Nf6''' {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl|pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{clear}} Now white still has 2 Tempi (one for d4 and 1 for e4) while black only has 1. The captured pieces lost the tempo they had gained in moving and the knight lost the tempo it had when it captured. For argument's sake, lets assume play went as follows: '''5. e5 Nd5 6. Bc4 Nb6 7. Qd3 Na4 8. Nc3 Nxc3 9. Qxc3 e6''' {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd| | | |= 5 | | | | |pl| | | |= 4 | | |bl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |ql| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl| |kl| |nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{clear}} Now black still has only 1 tempo (e6) while white has 6 (2 queen moves, 3 pawn moves and a bishop move). This has let white develop 2 pieces, control the center and give black a cramped position. Also, while both sides can castle kingside in the same number of moves, White can connect his rooks (position them so there is nothing between them on the back rank) 2 moves sooner than black. Chances are, white will complete development and launch an attack before black is able to. This means white will have an advantage when the middlegame is reached. == Quality == === Active and passive pieces === An active piece is one that has the potential to make a threat. A passive one is usually relegated to defending a piece. {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |bd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | | |pd| | |bl| |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | |ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{clear}} In this example, white's bishop on g5 is considered active, while black's bishop on e7 is considered passive. Piece activity depends on whether it can move and attack. A piece can be rendered passive if it is stuck protecting another piece or if it is restricted from being able to get into play by its own pawns. === Good vs. Bad Bishops === {{main|Elements of chess strategy/Minor pieces#Good bishops vs. bad bishops}} As noted above, a bishop can only travel on squares of one color. This leads to a situation wherein one bishop may be effectively blocked out of the game by the pawn structure. In general it is better to have your pawns on the opposite colored squares to your bishop. For example, if you as black have pawns on e6 and d5, your queen's bishop is likely to be a "bad bishop." It is bad because it is hard to do anything constructive with it; developing it to g4 is impossible and "[[w: fianchetto|fianchetto]]ing" it via b7 is ineffective since your pawn on d5 blocks any influence it may have over the centre. When one has a bad bishop there are two methods to improve the game: exchanging the offender and freeing up the game. In general it is profitable to try to exchange your bad bishop for an opponent's bishop or knight, as your bad bishop has little value. However, it is important to bear in mind that in the end game having two bishops is considerably stronger than have two knights or a bishop and a knight. Therefore you should always be wary of exchanging bishop for knight in situations where an endgame is likely. The other method to rid yourself of this weakness is by freeing up the game through making pawn moves. === Overloaded pieces === Overloaded pieces are pieces which defend too many other pieces and therefore cannot be considered to defend all of them at once. For example, a rook can defend up to 4 pieces, but if one is taken, and the rook takes the offending piece, 2 of the other pieces are undefended. == Initiative == {{main|Elements of chess strategy/Development}} {{main|Elements of chess strategy/The positions of the kings}} The player with the initiative is the player who is making the threats to which the other person must respond. Having the initiative is advantageous because it forces your opponent to place his pieces in essentially defensive formations. A piece that is defending a square generally has less mobility (freedom of movement) than a piece attacking the same square. Having the first move, it is generally white who has the initiative in the early part of the game. Therefore trying to maintain the initiative would be prudent strategy. == Zugzwang == A [[w:Zugzwang|Zugzwang]] situation occurs when any move a player makes will weaken his/her position, but he/she is compelled to move in accordance with the rules. An example of zugzwang is as follows: {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | |kd| | | | |= 7 | | | |pl| | | | |= 6 | | |kl| | | | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 |pl| | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} White moves and wins. {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | |kd| | | | |= 7 | | | |pl|xo| | | |= 6 | | |kl| | | | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 |pl| | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} '''1. a4''' : White moves the a-pawn, blocking the black a-pawn to move forward. Black has only one legal move; moving the black king out of the way of the d-pawn's path. {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | | | | | | |= 7 | | | |pl|kd| | | |= 6 | | |kl| | | | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 |pl| | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} '''1. ... Ke7''' : The black king is forced to move away from his current position where he blocks the d-pawn's path to promotion, because he now has no other legal move to make. Since this move is not desired by Black, as he would rather keep his king on the d8 square where it stands to continue blocking the white d-pawn, Black is "in zugzwang". {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | |xx| | | | |= 7 | | |kl|pl|kd| | | |= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 |pl| | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} '''2. Kc7''' : White's king continue to protect the pawn on d7 from capture, and blocks black's king to move back to it desired location of d8. {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | | | | | | |= 7 | | |kl|pl| | | | |= 6 | | | | |kd| | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 |pl| | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} '''2. ... Ke6''' : Black can make other legal moves with the black king, but they will yield the same result. Even if Black must move the king, this is not an example of zugzwang. Keeping the king at e7 would not yield a better result for Black, since the d8 promotion square is protected by the white king. {{Chess diagram|= |tleft | |= 8 | | | |ql| | | | |= 7 | | |kl| | | | | |= 6 | | | | |kd| | | |= 5 |pd| | | | | | | |= 4 |pl| | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 | | | | | | | | |= 1 | | | | | | | | |= a b c d e f g h |}} {{-}} '''3. d8=Q''' : White gains a queen and wins the game easily. Alternatively, white can force a win by moving the king first: 1. Kd6 a4 2. Kc6(Ke6) Ke7(Kc7) 3. Kc7(Ke7) with 4. d8=Q to follow ''Exercise:'' From the same initial position but with black to move first, show that Black can force a draw by using zugzwang. ''Solution:'' 1. ... a4 2. Kb5 Kxd7 (White's move is Zugzwang.) 3. Kxa4 Kc7 4. Kb5 Kb7 5. a4 Ka7 6. a5 Ka8 7. Kb6 Kb8 8. a6 Ka8 9. a7 (Draw by stalemate.) == Combining attack with defense == A winning strategy in Chess often involves balancing several considerations against each other. Moves that maximize immediate material gain might expose a vulnerability or yield a difficult position as the game progresses. Similarly, material sacrifices for position may be disadvantageous if they cannot be parlayed into an effective attack. Thus, a key consideration should be balancing attack with defense. A profitable move would be one that both furthers your attack and solidifies your defense. *{{note|Yasser|1}} Yasser Seirawan in his Pro Mentor DVD. <noinclude> == See also == * [[Chess Strategy]] {{Chess/Navigation|Checkmates|Basic Openings}}</noinclude> [[es:Manual de Ajedrez/Estrategia]] [[it:Scacchi/Strategie]] [[pt:Xadrez/Estratégia]] pqxkinwzt49a3v0y96p3bwwcl4jmdsl 102 32868 4633556 4535499 2026-05-02T20:11:16Z Wikipedian12512 3579190 The pie itself is a 2, I think. The pie crust may be harder, but I don’t think that should be included; it’s just an ingredient. 4633556 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{recipesummary | category = Pie recipes | yield = 8 slices | time = Prep: 45 minutes (including crust)<br/>Baking: 1 hour | difficulty = 2 | Image = [[Image:Rhubarb_Pie.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[:Category:Rhubarb recipes|Rhubarb Recipes]] This '''rhubarb pie''' is fairly sweet, but also quite tangy. It is best served warm with a scoop of [[Cookbook:Vanilla|vanilla]] [[Cookbook:Ice Cream|ice cream]]. ==Ingredients== * 1 recipe [[Cookbook:Flaky Pie Crust|Flaky Pie Crust]] * 5 [[Cookbook:cup|cup]]s (40 [[Cookbook:Ounce|oz]] / 2 ½ [[Cookbook:Pound|lb]] / 1100 [[Cookbook:Gram|g]]) [[Cookbook:Rhubarb|rhubarb]] stalks * 1 ½ cups (12 oz / 340 g) white granulated [[Cookbook:Sugar|sugar]] * ¼ cup (2 oz / 60 g) [[Cookbook:Cornstarch|cornstarch]] or [[Cookbook:Tapioca|tapioca]] pearls * ½ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]] ==Procedure== ===Crust=== # Prepare the [[Cookbook:Flaky Pie Crust|flaky pie crust]] and refrigerate while preparing the filling. ===Filling=== # Clean and trim the rhubarb stalks. # Cut the stalks into ½–1 [[Cookbook:Inch|inch]] (1.25–2.5 [[Cookbook:Centimetre (cm)|cm]]) sections. # Add sugar, cornstarch or tapioca, and salt. # Stir until rhubarb is evenly coated with dry ingredients. ===Forming and cooking the pie=== # Follow the instructions in the [[Cookbook:Flaky_Pie_Crust#To_Form_a_Covered_Pie|flaky pie crust]] recipe. # Place pie on lowest rack in oven. [[Cookbook:Baking|Bake]] for 15 minutes. Reduce [[Cookbook:Oven temperatures|oven temperature]] to 350 °F (175 °C), and continue baking for 40–45 minutes. # Serve warm or cold. ==Notes, tips and variations== * If cornstarch is used as the thickener, the pie requires a longer cooling time before the filling gels. * Try using a whole [[Cookbook:Egg|egg]] in the filling. * This cookbook also has a recipe for [[Cookbook:Strawberry Rhubarb Pie|strawberry rhubarb pie]]. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:01-rhubarb stalks.jpg|Rhubarb stalks File:02-cleaned rhubarb stalks.jpg|Cleaned rhubarb stalks File:04-rhubarb and strawberries.jpg|Filling for two pies File:05-filling ingredients.jpg|Dry ingredients for filling File:06-filling mixed.jpg|Mixed fruit and dry ingredients for pie filling </gallery> [[Category:Recipes for pies and tarts]] [[Category:Recipes using rhubarb]] [[Category:Vegan recipes]] [[Category:Dessert recipes]] [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Baking recipes]] [[Category:Recipes with metric units]] [[Category:Kid-friendly recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using white sugar]] [[Category:Recipes using cornstarch]] sp6a3v3lhy10sfw7iynaahm05yqnqpk 10 54935 4633576 4567152 2026-05-03T01:35:33Z Kwfd 3577794 Added Checkmates page 4633576 wikitext text/x-wiki <span id="top-navigation"> {{ #if: {{{1|}}} | [[Chess/{{{1}}}|&larr; {{{1}}} ]] · | }}{{ #if: {{{2|}}} | [[Chess/{{{2}}}| {{{2}}} &rarr;]] | }}</span> <div class="noprint" align="center"> {{ #if: {{{1|}}} | [[Chess/{{{1}}}|&larr; {{{1}}} ]] · | }}&nbsp;'''[[Chess]]'''&nbsp;{{ #if: {{{2|}}} | · [[Chess/{{{2}}}| {{{2}}} &rarr;]] | }}<br> {{small/top}} [[Chess/Arranging_The_Board|Arranging the Board]] · [[Chess/Playing_The_Game|Playing the Game]] · [[Chess/Notating_The_Game|Notating the Game]] · [[Chess/Tactics|Tactics]] · [[Chess/Tactics Exercises|Tactics Exercises]] · [[Chess/Checkmates|Checkmates]] · [[Chess/Strategy|Strategy]] · [[Chess/Basic_Openings|Basic Openings]] · [[Chess/Sample chess game|Sample chess game]] · [[Chess/The_Endgame|The Endgame]] · [[Chess/Variants|Variants]] · [[Chess/Tournaments|Tournaments]] · [[Chess/Puzzles|Chess Puzzles]] · [[Chess/0x88|0x88 board representation]] ({{navbar|Chess/Navigation|mini=1|nodiv=1}}) {{small/end}} </div><includeonly>{{BookCat}}</includeonly><noinclude>[[it:Template:Scacchi]] Type '''<nowiki>{{Chess/Navigation|previous subpage name|next subpage name}}</nowiki>''' at the bottom of each page in the book. This template adds pages to [[:{{BOOKCATEGORY|Chess}}]] and sorts by full chapter name. [[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Chess}}/Templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> d77vlbv9vxqski6txj3ovtlmppvt14b 3 74124 4633555 4631731 2026-05-02T20:09:09Z Wikipedian12512 3579190 /* Pie pan size for rhubarb pie */ new section 4633555 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right;" class="infobox" width="270px" |- !align="center"|[[Image:Vista-file-manager.png|50px|Archive]]<br/>[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How to archive a talk page|Archives]] ---- |- | # [[/Archive 1|Jan 2005 &ndash; April 2006]] # <!--[[User_talk:Kellen/Archive 2|May 2006]]--> # # |}<!--Template:Archivebox--> ==Motor paced track cycling== i'm not super sure how it works myself because i'm more familiar with keirin than six day racing. first, in the kierin it is basically just a few laps where i think 6 riders are paced (fairly slowly) by one motorbike for the first couple, then the motorbike pulls off and everybody sprints like crazy for the last 2 or 3. for six day, each person has their own pacer. and i imagine that the pacer and rider have to be fairly well in tune so they can go as fast as possible without the rider getting dropped by the pacer. what makes it really exciting is the speeds that they can go at because of the slipstream effect. i think they can average 30-40 miles an hour for quite a distance, i read upto 50 mph somewhere! [[User:Will.law|Will.law]] 15:55, 6 May 2006 (UTC) == Cookbookwiki == I looked over the site. It seems pretty, I kinda like the layout. They've given themselves a larger scope than we have with the Cookbook, including bios of famous chefs, food festivals, food columns, and interviews with contributors. It actually seems like a fairly well done idea. They're using some Wikibooks and Wikipedia content without proper attribution. I've left a comment at one of their talk pages, and should probibly look back for a reply. It looks like everything they're posting right now is in the public domain, which again causes problems, as Wikimedia content is not public domain, and others may reuse the content from their site and not know they're infringing on our contributors' copyright rites. I'll look around a few times, just to see what's going on, and how they're progressing. Thanks for letting me know about the site. [[User:Gentgeen|Gentgeen]] 23:42, 11 May 2006 (UTC) == 3RR == Hi Listen, the 3RR states " The policy states that an editor must not perform more than three reversions, in whole or in part, on a single Wikipedia article within a 24 hour period." So don't misquote it. So what if 2 contributors disagree, that leaves just over 6 Billion people that dont, and those two will give up and move on to something else sometime soon. A link to a breakfast talk radio show hardly meets Wiki standards ! You have to be joking... Whilsts neither you nor I are likely to agree with the website owner, he is a qualified medical professional and the vegan child abuse trial is referenced in far better detail than elsewhere. And being " horrible " in the opinion of one contributor - no one or everyone is an editor here - hardly constitutes academic reason. I would say that immediately undercuts their [[credibility]]. And for the record, I have been a vegan for over 20 years known to executive members of the Vegan Society. I am just not a wussy vegan afraid to face the ugly truths and often stupidities of our peers. The best PR is honesty and bravery to face what is not attractive. [[User:195.82.106.244|195.82.106.244]] 21:39, 22 May 2006 (UTC) == Season Categories== Hi, I saw you added a supercategory for the season categories and a <nowiki>{{recipe}}</nowiki> tag to the category pages. Great work, but shouldn't that template be <nowiki>{{cooknav}}</nowiki> or something for ingredients? Now they're showing up in the recipe listing, and they're not really recipes. [[User:Risk|risk]] 23:40, 20 June 2006 (UTC) ==category== Can you move it? I can't find the "move" link that's supposed to be there. [[User:Ants Go Marching|Ants Go Marching]] 16:33, 30 June 2006 (UTC) ==pipe== Ok, I thought maybe I was misremembering. Do you know how to move the category? [[User:Ants Go Marching|Ants Go Marching]] 02:59, 1 July 2006 (UTC) ==DRAAAAMAA== yep, that's for sure. <a href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/cycling/1998/tourdefrance/news/1998/08/02/drug_chronology/">1998</a> all over again. [[User:Will.law|Will.law]] 03:07, 1 July 2006 (UTC) == namespace formating == If you look at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Monobook.css Wikipedia's monobook.css file], near the top, you'll see a section called /* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */, where the default background color is set to light blue, then changed to white for the main namespace using css commands with ".ns-0" in the command line. The same technique could be used for the Cookbook's namespace, by using css commands that include the ".ns-102" (I think) for the main cookbook, and ".ns-103" for the cookbook talk namespace. It could also be used for more than just background colors. [[User:71.132.3.124|71.132.3.124]] 22:00, 5 July 2006 (UTC) :oops, that was me. [[User:Gentgeen|Gentgeen]] 22:01, 5 July 2006 (UTC) Yeah, it will be cool. I've already modified [[User:Gentgeen/monobook.css|my style sheet]] to make Cookbook pages have a white background again. I'll have to look at the other things we can do with styles. [[User:Gentgeen|Gentgeen]] 22:15, 6 July 2006 (UTC) == Gardening/cookbook linking == Hadn't notice that (though I had actually read a bunch of those pages). The "gardening" book is being replaced... it's actually just a transcription of an old (and out-of date) book. I'll make a new template for the new book, maybe something similar for linking back to the cookbook as well. [[User:SBJohnny|Johnny]] 14:51, 6 July 2006 (UTC) :Just to give you an update: I've created a template ( ((Veggiegrowing|ARTICLE)) ) that I'm adding to ingredient pages as WmG chapters are added. I'll probably add a few pages too... Mustard Greens and Tatsoi coming soon (BTW, I'm going to add "Pac Choi" as a redirect to "Bok Choy" on the ingredients list as a way of disambigging. [[User:SBJohnny|SB_Johnny]] 17:20, 19 July 2006 (UTC) ::I left the old one because the new book doesn't yet have chapters to replace all of the ones linked in. It's also because the new book is multivolume, so it needs a different template for fruits, herbs, and vegetables in any case. [[User:SBJohnny|SB_Johnny]] 09:36, 20 July 2006 (UTC) == Re: Cake and Dessert categories == Thanks for the tip, although I'm not sure what prompted it... FWIW, I also consider cake a 'morning/afternoon tea' food (like <s>biscuits</s>cookies) as well as a dessert (which is rather a course than a meal, but I get what you're saying)... unfortunately there is quite a lot of variance in the English-speaking world regarding meals. cheers --[[User:Pfctdayelise|pfctdayelise]] 13:59, 11 July 2006 (UTC) :Ah I see. Sorry, then. Feel free to revert! I have to say I have trouble considering a cake as a dessert though. Pudding, which is surely just warm cake maybe with sauce, yes. But cold cake you eat with coffee, my brain just says no. :) --[[User:Pfctdayelise|pfctdayelise]] 16:47, 11 July 2006 (UTC) == RE COTM == Thanks for the head's up about the COTM. I'll look for a more appropriate image (there should be one on commons, I would hope) or else I will try to make one and upload it myself. The wording seems good so far, so i dont think it needs to get changed too too much. --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]]<small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 13:30, 31 July 2006 (UTC) == [[Wikibooks:General voting rules/Proposal]] == I don't know if you have heard about this yet or not. We have created a new proposed policy to replace the old proposed [[Wikibooks:General voting rules]] policy. This new version doesn't require hard percentages, and puts a strong focus on the idea of concensus. Your comments/questions/suggestions on this new policy would be well appreciated. I would like to put this new policy to a vote sometime next week (assuming we all stop changing it around). --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]] <small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 18:17, 4 August 2006 (UTC) :Thanks for your comments. I created multiple subpages for the various versions and revisions of this policy, so that we can view them side-by-side, and pick the ones that are best. I took the liberty of copying your proposed version to [[Wikibooks:General voting rules/Proposal/Version 4]]. I left you some comments about it on the [[Wikibooks talk:General voting rules/Proposal|discussion page]]. The gist of my comments are that I like your proposal, but i think it needs more prose, and It needs more emphasis on the key ideas of consensus, compromise, etc. Take a look at some of the previous versions, and see if you find any that you like. --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]] <small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 14:28, 11 August 2006 (UTC) ::I wrote out a prose-version of your policy: [[Wikibooks:General voting rules/Proposal/Version 5]]. I tried to be as faithful as possible to your points, but I wanted to make it easier to read. You can feel free to edit things that you don't think are faithful to your original text. I think that wording like this, along with some small additions ([[User:Robert Horning]] proposed additional text that would allow a future increase in the minimum contribution number, and [[User:RobinH]] mentioned a few small changes) would be acceptable to everybody. --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]] <small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 20:07, 11 August 2006 (UTC) == Cocktail recipes, etc. == Is there a spot in the cookbook for these, or should I redirect them to [[Bartending]]? (See [[Transwiki:Cookbook:Tiki_Bar_TV_recipes]] for an example... I think I've seen others as well). [[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 22:40, 12 August 2006 (UTC) == 2 quick thoughts == During my roamings, I've run across other food and drink related topics, including information on drying and canning, slaughtering, commercial food service, etc. I'm wondering if these should be a mainpage category, or should they just be a how-to category. Any opinions? Also, does the cookbook have a cover page? I was thinking of making nicer templates for use on wikipedia using bookcovers for the gardening book, and thought it would be nice for the cookbook too (the current template (to me) seems a bit dull). If you have a good image for that use, please let me know. Finally just a shameless plug: would you be interested in voting in my [[WB:RFA|RfA]]? --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 09:12, 22 August 2006 (UTC) :# If they are applicable, they should be merged into the cookbook. Some of them might be better as standalone howtos, but the cookbook currently serves as an umbrella book for all food-related items. :# The cookbook has a "cover" which also serves as a table of contents: [[Cookbook]]. :[[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 14:53, 22 August 2006 (UTC) ::They're definitely stand-alones... I'll leave you some links tomorrow morning (just popping in now... have company over). ::For the cover, I was more thinking of an image (hopefully colorful) that would replace the "wikibooks" icon on the WP template. I had invisioned something like an iron pan with colorful veggies or something along those lines. I've "spoken" with quite a few people on WP who see the "wikibooks has more about..." template as being along the lines of "the soviet union also has swimming pools, though of course they're not as nice as wikipedian swimming pools". Blue and grey, blah. ::BTW: I keep thinking of adding some of my recipes to the cookbook, but they're really not very good reading. "Put a bit of olive oil in a very hot iron pan, add freshly picked baby squash, aslt and pepper, cook 45 seconds, serve." Should that be a separate recipe, or should I just put that sort of thing on the "ingredients" page? ::I kind of wonder in general if there should be this sort of thing somehow tied into ingredient pages: a simple way to cook up an ingredient you might not be familiar with as a way of "acquiring the taste". I think it would be a good way of helping people know how to incorporate things like asian greens and such if they had a simple recipe for just "taste-testing", so that they'd know how an ingredient tastes just by itself, and can then extrapolate how it will affect a "whatever's in the fridge" meal. ::Whaddya think? --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 18:04, 22 August 2006 (UTC) ::: Basically you're suggesting that we need a custom logo for the cookbook, and you're right. I mocked one up a while back with a chef's hat and a crossed knife and fork on the wikibooks logo, but it wasn't really what I wanted. If you have any artistic inclinations, I say you should go for it and try to knock one out. Most of the other cookbook contributors (Albert, Gentgeen, etc) are inactive at the moment (and I'm not using the internets as much as usual) so we could use some new energy. ::: We sometimes have "basic preparation" on ingredients pages. This would especially be appropriate for "best" cutting techniques, but simple cooking techniques would also be good. [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 20:50, 22 August 2006 (UTC) ::::I'll take a pic of an iron pan with bright colored yummies and run it by you. ::::Not sure what "'best' cutting techniques" means. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 22:22, 22 August 2006 (UTC) ::::: Like how you can cut the top off an onion, then slice it in half, peel it, then cut most of the way through it, laterally, then cut slices into it, and finally chop it into tiny square bits. Or how you can do a single side cut on a bell pepper, then cut the stem out while rolling the pepper to end up with a nice flat bit of bell pepper. [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 23:55, 22 August 2006 (UTC) ::::::Oh... yes, that would be a good thing to include. --00:03, 23 August 2006 (UTC) ::::::: People generally have very poor knife technique (me included), but often only need to be shown/told once a good way to cut something before they adopt it. CUT! [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 06:57, 23 August 2006 (UTC) ::::::::I'll try to put some of that in as I get the gardening modules done. Also some hints on how to judge is something is ripe, overripe, etc. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 10:48, 23 August 2006 (UTC) ===Got a template now...=== See {{tl|Growit}}. I actually just chose a random image from commons (which I'll change from time to time on the template), can you think of anything that would work for the cookbook (and look good at 50px)? I'd at least like to get one going for linking to the cookbook from the garden book (also to and from the bartending book for both books). What's a good background color for a cookbook link? --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 21:48, 6 September 2006 (UTC) :Maybe [[:Image:Borscht.jpg|this image]]? (It's nice and colorful). --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 13:43, 7 September 2006 (UTC) == Sweden == How do you like it?? How are the snax?? Ps. update yr user page. Also I saw [[w:John Wiese|John Wiese]] on Saturday and he said he was excited to run into you in London! Dingdong! [[w:User:hotdogs|jessalyn]] 17:45, 23 August 2006 (UTC) == [[Cookbook]] Write lessons == I am sorry to disturb, but I have a problem. I went to the [[Cookbook]] page and then clicked to discussion. But then there opens a page, which is not like the normal discussion sides. Instead of the discussion, there is a box. I was wondering, where the normal discussion takes place? Because there was no normal discussion, I clicked to "edit" and wrote into the box, because of cooking lessons. Then you edited this and wrote: "elaborate the lessons thing on the actual talk page, thx". I would do that, if there were one. Where is it? Thank you for an answer. -- [[User:84.132.119.6|84.132.119.6]] 15:19, 1 September 2006 (UTC) == RE: Beanburgers == Thanks for the message, and for noticing me in the sea of recent changes! I have photos ''somewhere'', but I just can't seem to find the disc copies. Perhaps they're on another computer: I'll look next time I'm there. Anyway, pointing those pages out to me is much appreciated, but I'm not sure how much I can contribute, since my time is already squeezed due to Wikipedia, Wiktionary and WiktionaryZ :). I principally add recipes here since I get bored of repeating them over and over to people: this way I can just give links them ;). Anyway, I've [[wikt:rabbit#verb|rabbitted]] enough. Have a great day! Kind regards, [[User:Celestianpower|Celestianpower]] 23:14, 1 September 2006 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Sambal Tempoyak]] == Hi, I've worked on [[Cookbook:Sambal Tempoyak|Sambal Tempoyak]], which you tagged <nowiki>{{cookwork|Ingredients need further description}}</nowiki>. Please check it out if you find the page improved enough to remove the template. Thanks. --[[User:BorgQueen|BorgQueen]] 22:04, 16 September 2006 (UTC) == Please comment or vote... == [[Wikibooks:Request for enabling special:import]] This would make the transwiki of recipes from en.wp a lot easier (recipes seem to make up the majority of [[w:Category:Copy to Wikibooks]]). The folks at meta have asked for a show of local support for turning it on. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 12:08, 12 October 2006 (UTC) ==Sorry... one more vote please?== One more thing to smooth out the transwiki process... [[Wikibooks:Request_for_enabling_special:import#Additional_request]]. We're asking that "Transwiki:" be given namespace status so we can import to it directly. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 19:51, 16 October 2006 (UTC) ==Thanks== Hi and thanks for the welcome. I hope that I'll have the time to make some contributions here, particlarly to cookery. So far I've just worked on getting some recipes into proper alpha category order (a lot under "C" for Cookbook seemed a little unhelpful!). Hope I'm doing the right thing? Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 14:50, 18 October 2006 (UTC) :Point taken and I will vote but as the vote started 2 years ago maybe I'll do some clean up too. Finding "Paella" under "C" is just too strange for me and I guess unhelpful for the casual reader. Is there a way of getting the necessary Cookbook: prefix into links (far more tedious than correctly arraging cats in my mind!)? :Whatever else - thanks for your patience with a newby - you'll get peace for a bit as I'm away for the weekend! -[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 12:20, 19 October 2006 (UTC) ::Thanks for the response. Hopefully I'll stop bugging folk with questions soon but I do appreciate your patience. I hope my contributions will make it all worthwhile! Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 16:08, 19 October 2006 (UTC) :::Sure but is one preferred? --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 19:38, 25 October 2006 (UTC) == Alpha cats == Apologies - I'll revert/correct them over the next few hours. Trying new things and happy to hear when I get it wrong --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 15:18, 25 October 2006 (UTC) :OK there weren't that many so they are done. Is the actual page name or <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> the preferred method? Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 15:27, 25 October 2006 (UTC) ::Thanks again - I think the thread got confused and so did I! I'll use <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> from now on. Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 06:57, 26 October 2006 (UTC) == IP revert == I think you are getting to it by the look of it but the same IP strangely edited Tuna too. Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 09:27, 29 October 2006 (UTC) :Guess I missed you. I've looked at the edits to Tuna and I'm not sure what is valid if anything? --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 10:47, 29 October 2006 (UTC) == RFA nomination == I just nominated you for adminship... you of all people might find the tools handy and useful. I actually find it hard to believe that you weren't nominated before (actually, I was under the impression you had been but declined, but couldn't find evidence of that in the archive). As I have no doubt this nomination will be successful, I offer my assistance if you have any question about how the tools work (only fair, since you've helped me understand so many things in the past!) --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 16:21, 30 October 2006 (UTC) :Congratulations, you are now a sysop. [[User:SBJohnny]] and I have been toying with the idea of "new administrator mentorship", so if you have any questions, need any help, or anything, please let us know. --[[User:Whiteknight|Whiteknight]] <small>([[User talk:Whiteknight|talk]]) ([[User:Whiteknight/Proposed Books|projects]])</small> 17:09, 31 October 2006 (UTC) == Metrication categories == Thanks for your message about the incorrect categories. I am aware of this and noticed that all the recipes were being listed under M. I'm in the process of fixing them all but it'll take me a bit of time. Thanks. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 20:26, 30 October 2006 (UTC) == Hi == Hi Kellen - I notice that you have not been around for a while - I do hope all is well? Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 08:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC) :I'd offer you a hand with the moving but it will be a "virtual one". Hope it goes well --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 10:52, 26 November 2006 (UTC) Hi Ellen, Please check your DOG RECIPE. I find it quite objectionable that you sensationalize the "killing of the dog part." People from these third world countries have very little choice but to either kill a dog, cat, rat to survive. Unlike you, they come from very poor countries and do not have the time or the resources to be as choosy as you are. I find it offensive that you who campaign against pain does not even understand the violence that is brought about by poverty. Gandhi once said that the most severe form of violence is poverty. If you are so enlightened, then you would surely at least sympathize or commiserate w/ these people's plight. You are a grass-consuming people-hating insensitive spoiled ignoramus! == VfDs! == Good to have you back - have you moved or is the stress getting to you?! I no expert on acceptability here but I think I agree. You may fancy taking a look at Miracles while you are in the mood (& of course you may want to read up on [[Future]] it kind of survived on a technicality. Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 08:55, 12 December 2006 (UTC) == Wikibooks Newsletter, Volume 1 == <center><small>([[Wikibooks:Wikibooks gazette|Wikibooks gazette home]] | [[Wikibooks talk:Wikibooks gazette|Discuss]] | [[Wikibooks:Bulletin board|Bulletin board]] | [[Wikibooks:Active wikibookians|Subscription list]])</small></center> This is a short newsletter that is being distributed to all active wikibookians. You are getting this message because you are recognized as an established contributor to the project. This newsletter will be distributed on a regular basis to help share news, information, and tips. It comes from a bot account, [[User:The Staff]]. [[User:The Staff]] is currently operated by a team of wikibooks admins, the complete list of which is available on the user page of the bot. If you would like to not receive this newletter anymore, please remove your name from the list at [[Wikibooks:Active wikibookians]]. The work you do at Wikibooks is greatly appreciated. However there are plenty of other opportunities for you to get involved and help us to create a thriving Wikibooks community. We are sure that there are things we can do to help you and your understanding of Wikibooks and similarly there are certainly things you could do to help Wikibooks become a better place. We would like to ask all wikibookians to add the [[WB:BB|Bulletin Board]] to your watchlists. The Bulletin Board is a fast and easy way for wikibookians to communicate important news and events to the entire community. If you have important news to share with the community, you can feel free to add your own entry to that page. If you have general questions or comments about Wikibooks, you are welcome to post a message on [[WB:SL|The Staff Lounge]], a free discussion area. Your input would also be welcomed in the [[WB:VFD|Votes for Deletion]] and [[WB:RFA|Requests for Adminship]] discussion pages. These pages are all active discussion areas that help to shape the Wikibooks community as a whole. Sometimes it is easy to forget that the Wikibooks community is much larger and more diverse then the people who work in a single book, or on a single bookshelf. Hopefully, together we can all make Wikibooks a better place, and a more valuable educational resource. <center>[[User:The Staff|The Staff]]<br>04:16, 19 December 2006 (UTC)</center> == Lonely cookbook categories... == Why do you tag them, rather than just deleting them? :) [[:Category:Candidates_for_speedy_deletion]] is a good page to keep an eye on in general... material from the cookbook often appears there. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 18:29, 28 December 2006 (UTC) : You get used to doing things a certain way; forgot I was an admin. [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 10:19, 29 December 2006 (UTC) Thanks for categorising Camping recipes! I'm always intimidated by the Cookbook because it is so large. I'd prefer having a seasoned editor do the dirty work. Also, have you since the massive Recent Changes mess? I wonder what Pmo200g is doing. Cheers, [[User:Iamunknown|User:Iamunknown]] 08:49, 31 December 2006 (UTC) == Hello from WikiCast == A recipe "Rice Pudding" which you assisted on is being considered for adaptation by WikiCast. WikiCast is a project aiming to produce 'free' content audio for download and podcast As you assisted on the recipe it would be appreciated if you got in touch? [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] 02:07, 10 January 2007 (UTC) :: I asked you to get in touch as I felt it was a courtesy to ask contributors before re-use (even if the item concerned is GFDL). Obivously the derived programme will have to be GFDL as well (although most other WikiCast stuff is CC-BY-SA). If you have any objections to reuse of the item concerned please LMK. Altenativly if you are willing to assit WikiCast, Welcome :-) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] 12:17, 10 January 2007 (UTC) ::: OK Thanks, The WikiCast Wiki is at http://www.bitshuffle.org/wikicast/Main_Page, ::: The specfic recipe script is at <s>http://www.bitshuffle.org/wikicast/Recipe/RicePudding</s> (with a few changes) - ::: Please stop by the WikiCast wiki or #WikiCast on freenode IRC ::: WikiCaast needs people, If you are intrested :-) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] 13:57, 10 January 2007 (UTC) Above recipe script nuked over licence compatibility concerns - [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] 01:58, 12 January 2007 (UTC) :::: Above Comments no longer relevant, as intended plan for GFDL based podcast, meaning licensing SHOULD be comptaible. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] 08:44, 5 May 2007 (UTC) == Forking proposal == I noticed you had taken part in the policy discussion about forking, and wonder if you might weigh in at [[Wikibooks:Forking proposal]], which is about the technical side of making good forks. --[[User:SBJohnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SBJohnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 13:35, 15 January 2007 (UTC) == Microwave == It was the "1881" VfD that "occured". I deleted some (generally very short) and left some that looked more promising (you weren't around) - that one was borderline and I have no problem with undeleting it --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 18:56, 20 January 2007 (UTC) :In closing the vfd I felt some stuff had to go - almost all were very stubby indeed (qr-em is useful for such stubs) and IIRC mostly soups. :If you are around could I ask you to look at [[User talk:Opadit]] and the reference to the copyright recipe. I am never sure that a basic recipe can really be copyright but hopefully your experience will help (there's been no response to the enquiry). For your info I came across a bunch of Spanish recipes that '''were''' copyright (got Webaware's view as well) which I deleted - they came from [[User talk:TWODM256]] in case you miss it and are interested (tho will not show on contribs as they are deleted). Regards --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 09:46, 21 January 2007 (UTC) == Heads up == Just mentioning to you that I archived a post in [[Wikibooks:Staff lounge/Chat]] see [[Wikibooks:Staff_lounge/Archive_31#WikiCast]] where you left a question opened (no reply since 12 February 2007). --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 16:15, 23 March 2007 (UTC) == Query == Wrong creme anglais deleted? --[[User:Herbythyme|<font color="green">Herby</font>]] <b>^{<small><span style="color:#90F">[[User talk:Herbythyme|talk thyme]]</span></small>}</b> 13:01, 7 April 2007 (UTC) == Another DynamicPageList questions == Hi Kellen... long time no chat! I have 2 questions about using DPL to make lists of plants from 2 or more categories in the garden book (and eventually on Wikiversity as well for creating a visual interface for the [[v:Bloom Clock|Bloom Clock]]). First, I'd like to make lists that show links only as subpagenames. So for example the list that is currently generated at [[User:SBJohnny/sandbox3]] wouldn't have the "A Wikimanual of Gardening/" part, just the subpagenames. Second, I'd like it to generate pages created from other pages (for the Bloom Clock). That's more complicated though... I'll "hand-make" a few pages to show you examples first (I'm realizing as I write this that it's just amazingly complex). Any chance you can help me with this? What I'm trying to do is make the garden book searchable, so for example there can be pages that list "all pink-flowered perennial plants that bloom in spring and are hardy in zone 6". --[[User:SB_Johnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SB_Johnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 10:07, 3 June 2007 (UTC) :: Unfortunately (1) we are using a very old version of DPL [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DynamicPageList/old this one] (2) you can't show just subpage names (3) even if you got the [http://semeb.com/dpldemo/index.php/Manual latest version] installed, you still can't show just subpage names (4) if you mean you want to create DPL-filtered list of pages from an already DPL-filtered list of pages, I think you'll just have to copy the DPL rules from the first rule into the new list rules. Hope that's clear. I can give you more of a hand if you can explain precisely what you want and what you can do/have already done yourself. [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 05:57, 5 June 2007 (UTC) :::Hey again. Yup, we're using the clunker version :(. I did some asking around, and apparently there's no chance of them instaling the current version. --[[User:SB_Johnny|<font color="green">'''SB_Johnny'''</font>]] | ^{[[User talk:SB_Johnny|<font color="green">talk</font>]]} 08:26, 8 June 2007 (UTC) == G'day... == Nice to see you're still around. Are you basically on WP now? Or busy with Real Life® [[User:Webaware|Webaware]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Webaware|talk]]} 23:36, 16 April 2008 (UTC) : Thanks! I was working on WP a lot for a while, but dealing with the troll/POV armies have put me off it for a bit. [[User:Kellen|Kellen]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Kellen|T]]} 11:31, 18 April 2008 (UTC) ::Yeah, WP can be a bit harrowing. Glad to see you back. [[User:Webaware|Webaware]]&nbsp;^{[[User_talk:Webaware|talk]]} 11:45, 18 April 2008 (UTC) == Renaming of account on fr.wp == You have successfully usurped the account [[:fr:Utilisateur:Kellen]]. Regards, [[User:Blinking Spirit|Blinking Spirit]] ([[User talk:Blinking Spirit|talk]]) 12:06, 29 May 2008 (UTC) == Inactivity == So you're aware, you're up for removal of your adminship due to inactivity. The request will be placed at Meta in one month's time. Thanks for your service; you're welcome to request adminship again if you return to Wikibooks. &nbsp;'''&mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|<b style="color:#309;">Mike.lifeguard</b>]]'''&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|<span style="color:#309;">talk</span>]]} 21:48, 9 October 2008 (UTC) == VFD initiated == {{mbox|type=warning|text= '''[[Cookbook/Temp|Cookbook/Temp]] has been nominated for deletion. Please [[WB:VFD#Cookbook/Temp|share your thoughts]].'''<br/>You are being notified because you have created the page. If you haven't already, please see our [[WB:DP|deletion policy]].<br> --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|talk]]) 23:02, 7 August 2009 (UTC)}} ==Reviewer== {{tmbox|image=[[File:Wikibooks award.svg|50px]]|imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]|text=<big>'''You have been automatically promoted to <u>''Reviewer!''</u>'''</big><br/> Your recent contributions mean that you have met the requirements to be automatically promoted to [[Wikibooks:Reviewer|Reviewer]]. If you have any questions about using the review functionality please ask in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room|Reading Room]]. Thanks and Congratulations! [[User:QuiteUnusual|<span style="color:#E66C2C">'''QU'''</span>]] ^{[[User talk:QuiteUnusual|<span style="color:#306754">TalkQu</span>]]} 10:32, 11 September 2012 (UTC)}} == Pie pan size for rhubarb pie == What size pan should be used for the rhubarb pie? Could you add that to the recipe please? Thanks! [[User:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian12512|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikipedian12512|contribs]]) 20:09, 2 May 2026 (UTC) r9nhcn8qwhyr2anmdo36wmx1tdkjra3 0 77325 4633795 4633018 2026-05-03T08:10:00Z ~2026-25678-06 3579663 4633795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x |{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|201x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|&#x2010;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|&#x2012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|&#x2013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|&#x2014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x2015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|&#x2016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|&#x2017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x201c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x201d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|202x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|&#x2020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|&#x2021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|&#x2022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|&#x2023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|&#x2024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|&#x2025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|&#x2026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|&#x2027;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|203x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|&#x2030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|&#x2031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|&#x2032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|&#x2034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|&#x2035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|&#x2037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|&#x2038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x203a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|&#x203b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x203c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|&#x203d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|&#x203e;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|&#x203f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|204x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|&#x2040;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|&#x2041;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|&#x2042;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|&#x2043;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|&#x2044;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|&#x2045;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|&#x2046;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|&#x2047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|&#x2049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|&#x204a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|&#x204b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|&#x204c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|&#x204d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|&#x204e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|&#x204f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|205x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|&#x2050;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|&#x2051;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|&#x2052;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|&#x2053;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|&#x2054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|&#x2055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2056;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|&#x2057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x205a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|&#x205b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|&#x205c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|&#x205d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|&#x205e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|207x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|&#x2070;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x2071;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|&#x2074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|&#x2075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|&#x2076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|&#x2077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|&#x2078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|&#x2079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|&#x207a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|&#x207b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|&#x207c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x207d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x207e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x207f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|208x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|&#x2080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|&#x2081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|&#x2082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|&#x2083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|&#x2084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|&#x2085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|&#x2086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|&#x2087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|&#x2088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|&#x2089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|&#x208a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|&#x208b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|&#x208c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x208d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x208e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH AND LOW VERTICAL LINE|&#x208f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|209x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|&#x2090;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|&#x2091;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|&#x2092;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|&#x2093;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x2094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|&#x2095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|&#x2096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|&#x2097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|&#x2098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|&#x2099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|&#x209a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|&#x209b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|&#x209c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER W|&#x209d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Y|&#x209e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Z|&#x209f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|&#x20a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|&#x20a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|&#x20a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|&#x20a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|&#x20a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|&#x20a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|&#x20a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|&#x20a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|&#x20a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|&#x20a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|&#x20aa;}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|&#x20ab;}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|&#x20ac;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|&#x20ad;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|&#x20ae;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|&#x20af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|&#x20b0;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|&#x20b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|&#x20b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|&#x20b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|&#x20b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|&#x20b5;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|&#x20b6;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|&#x20b7;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|&#x20b8;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|&#x20b9;}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|&#x20ba;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|&#x20bb;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|&#x20bc;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|&#x20bd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|&#x20be;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|&#x20bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|&#x20c0;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUDI RIYAL SIGN|&#x20c1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUFIYAA SIGN|&#x20c2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UAE DIRHAM SIGN|&#x20c3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OMANI RIYAL SIGN|&#x20c4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE|&nbsp;&#x20dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE|&nbsp;&#x20de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND|&nbsp;&#x20df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH|&nbsp;&#x20e0;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20e1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN|&nbsp;&#x20e2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP|&nbsp;&#x20e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE|&nbsp;&#x20e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL|&nbsp;&#x20e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT|&nbsp;&#x20e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20ea;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20eb;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&nbsp;&#x20ec;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&nbsp;&#x20ed;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x20ee;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x20ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20f0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|210x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|&#x2100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|&#x2101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|&#x2102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|&#x2103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|&#x2104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|&#x2105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|&#x2106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|&#x2107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|&#x2108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|&#x2109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|&#x210a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|&#x210b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|&#x210c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|&#x210d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|&#x210e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|&#x210f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|211x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|&#x2110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|&#x2111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|&#x2112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|&#x2113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|&#x2114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|&#x2115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|&#x2116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|&#x2117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|&#x2118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|&#x2119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|&#x211a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|&#x211b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|&#x211c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|&#x211d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|&#x211e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|&#x211f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|212x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|&#x2120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|&#x2121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|&#x2122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|&#x2123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|&#x2124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|&#x2125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|&#x2126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|&#x2127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|&#x2128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x2129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|&#x212a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|&#x212b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|&#x212c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|&#x212d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|&#x212e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|&#x212f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|213x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|&#x2130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|&#x2131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|&#x2132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|&#x2133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|&#x2134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|&#x2135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|&#x2136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|&#x2137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|&#x2138;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|&#x2139;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|&#x213a;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|&#x213b;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|&#x213c;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|&#x213d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x213e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|&#x213f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|214x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|&#x2140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|&#x2141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|&#x2142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|&#x2143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|&#x2144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|&#x2145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|&#x2146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|&#x2147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|&#x2148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|&#x2149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|&#x214a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|&#x214b;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|&#x214c;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|&#x214d;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|&#x214e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|&#x214f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|215x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|&#x2150;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|&#x2151;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#x2152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|&#x2153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|&#x2154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#x2155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|&#x2156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|&#x2157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|&#x2158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|&#x2159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|&#x215a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#x215b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|&#x215c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|&#x215d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|&#x215e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|&#x215f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|216x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|&#x2160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|&#x2161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|&#x2162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|&#x2163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|&#x2164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|&#x2165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x2166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x2167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|&#x2168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|&#x2169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x216a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x216b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|&#x216c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|&#x216d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|&#x216e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|&#x216f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|217x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|&#x2170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|&#x2171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|&#x2172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|&#x2173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|&#x2174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|&#x2175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x2176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x2177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|&#x2178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|&#x2179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x217a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x217b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|&#x217c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|&#x217d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|&#x217e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|&#x217f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|218x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|&#x2180;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|&#x2181;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|&#x2182;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|&#x2183;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|&#x2184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|&#x2185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|&#x2186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x2187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x2188;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|&#x2189;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|&#x218a;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|&#x218b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|219x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|&#x2194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|&#x2195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x2196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x219a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x219b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|&#x219c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|&#x219d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x219e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x219f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x21a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x21a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x21a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x21a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|&#x21a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x21a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x21aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|&#x21ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|&#x21ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|&#x21ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x21af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x21b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x21b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x21b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x21b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|&#x21b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|&#x21b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|&#x21b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|&#x21b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|&#x21b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x21ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x21bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|&#x21bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&#x21bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|&#x21be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|&#x21bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|&#x21c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&#x21c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|&#x21c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|&#x21c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x21c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x21c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x21c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|&#x21cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x21cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x21da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x21db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x21dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x21dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x21de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x21df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21ea;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|&#x21eb;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x21ec;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x21ed;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21ee;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|&#x21ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|&#x21f0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|&#x21f1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|&#x21f2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|&#x21f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x21f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|&#x21f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|&#x21f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|220x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|&#x2200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|&#x2201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x2202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|&#x2203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|&#x2204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|&#x2205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|&#x2206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|&#x2207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|&#x2208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|&#x2209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|&#x220a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|&#x220b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|&#x220c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|&#x220d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|&#x220e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|&#x220f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|221x |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|&#x2210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|&#x2211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|&#x2212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|&#x2213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|&#x2214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|&#x2215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|&#x2216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|&#x2217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|&#x2218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|&#x2219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|&#x221a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|&#x221b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|&#x221c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|&#x221d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|&#x221e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|&#x221f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|222x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|&#x2220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|&#x2221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|&#x2222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|&#x2223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|&#x2224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|&#x2225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|&#x2226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|&#x2227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|&#x2228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|&#x2229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|&#x222a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|&#x222b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|&#x222c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|&#x222d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x222e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|&#x222f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|223x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|&#x2230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|&#x2231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x2232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x2233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|&#x2234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|&#x2235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|&#x2236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|&#x2237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|&#x2238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|&#x2239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|&#x223a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|&#x223b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|&#x223c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|&#x223d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|&#x223e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|&#x223f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|224x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|&#x2240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|&#x2241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|&#x2242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|&#x2245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|&#x224a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|&#x224b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|&#x224c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|&#x224d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|&#x224e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|&#x224f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|225x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|&#x2250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|&#x2252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|&#x2253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|&#x2254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|&#x2255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|&#x2256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|&#x2257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|&#x2258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|&#x2259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|&#x225a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|&#x225b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|&#x225c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|&#x225d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|&#x225e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|&#x225f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|226x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|&#x2261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|&#x2262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|&#x2266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|&#x2267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|&#x226a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|&#x226b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|&#x226c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x226d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|&#x226e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|&#x226f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|227x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|&#x2277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|&#x2278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|&#x2279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|&#x227a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|&#x227b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|&#x227c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|&#x227d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x227e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x227f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|228x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|&#x2280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|&#x2281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|&#x2282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|&#x2283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|&#x2284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|&#x2285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|&#x228a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|&#x228b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|&#x228c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|&#x228d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|&#x228e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|&#x228f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|229x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|&#x2290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|&#x2293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|&#x2294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|&#x2295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|&#x2296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|&#x2297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|&#x2298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|&#x2299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|&#x229a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|&#x229b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|&#x229c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|&#x229d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|&#x229e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|&#x229f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|&#x22a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|&#x22a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|&#x22a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|&#x22a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|&#x22a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|&#x22a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|&#x22a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|&#x22a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|&#x22a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|&#x22a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|&#x22ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|&#x22ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|&#x22ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|&#x22b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|&#x22b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|&#x22b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|&#x22b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|&#x22b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|&#x22b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|&#x22b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|&#x22b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|&#x22b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|&#x22ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|&#x22bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|&#x22bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|&#x22bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|&#x22be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x22bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|&#x22c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|&#x22c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|&#x22c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|&#x22c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|&#x22c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|&#x22c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|&#x22c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|&#x22c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|&#x22c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|&#x22cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|&#x22ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|&#x22cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|&#x22d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|&#x22d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|&#x22d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|&#x22d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|&#x22d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|&#x22d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|&#x22d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|&#x22d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|&#x22d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|&#x22d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x22da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x22db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x22dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x22dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|&#x22de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|&#x22df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|&#x22e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|&#x22e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|&#x22e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|&#x22e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|&#x22ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|&#x22eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|&#x22ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22f0;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|&#x22f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|&#x22f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|&#x22f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|&#x22f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|&#x22fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|&#x22fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|&#x22ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|230x |style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|&#x2300;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|&#x2301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|&#x2302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|&#x2305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|&#x2306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|&#x2307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|&#x2308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|&#x2309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|&#x230a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|&#x230b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|&#x230c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|&#x230d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|&#x230e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|&#x230f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|231x |{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|&#x2310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|&#x2311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|&#x2312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|&#x2313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|&#x2314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|&#x2315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|&#x2316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|&#x2317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|&#x2318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|&#x2319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|&#x231a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|&#x231b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|&#x231c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|&#x231d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|&#x231e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|&#x231f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|232x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|&#x2320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|&#x2321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|&#x2322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|&#x2323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|&#x2324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|&#x2325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|&#x2326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|&#x2327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|&#x2328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|&#x2329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|&#x232a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|&#x232b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|&#x232c;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|&#x232d;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|&#x232e;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|&#x232f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|233x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|&#x2330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|&#x2331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|&#x2332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|&#x2333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|&#x2334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|&#x2335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|&#x2336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|&#x2337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|&#x2338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|&#x2339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|&#x233a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|&#x233b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|&#x233c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|&#x233d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|&#x233e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|&#x233f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|234x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|&#x2340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|&#x2341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|&#x2342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|&#x2343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|&#x2344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|&#x2345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|&#x2346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|&#x2349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|&#x234a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|&#x234b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|&#x234c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|&#x234d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|&#x234e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|&#x234f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|235x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|&#x2351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|&#x2352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|&#x2353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|&#x2354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|&#x2355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|&#x2356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|&#x2358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|&#x2359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|&#x235a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|&#x235b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|&#x235c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|&#x235d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|&#x235e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|&#x235f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|236x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|&#x2360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|&#x2361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|&#x2362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|&#x2363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|&#x2364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|&#x2365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|&#x2366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|&#x2367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|&#x2368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|&#x2369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|&#x236a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|&#x236b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|&#x236c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|&#x236d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|&#x236e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|&#x236f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|237x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|&#x2370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|&#x2371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|&#x2372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|&#x2373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|&#x2374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|&#x2375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|&#x2376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|&#x2377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|&#x2378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|&#x2379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|&#x237a;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|&#x237b;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x237c;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|&#x237d;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|&#x237e;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x237f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|238x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|&#x2380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|&#x2381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|&#x2382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|&#x2383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|&#x2384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|&#x2385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|&#x2386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|&#x2387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|&#x2388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|&#x2389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|&#x238a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|&#x238b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|&#x238c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|&#x238d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|&#x238e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|&#x238f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff|239x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|&#x2390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|&#x2391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|&#x2392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|&#x2393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|&#x2394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|&#x2395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|&#x2396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|&#x2397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|&#x2398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|&#x2399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|&#x239a;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|&#x239b;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|&#x239c;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|&#x239d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|&#x239e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|&#x239f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff|23Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|&#x23a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|&#x23a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|&#x23a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|&#x23a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|&#x23a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|&#x23a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|&#x23a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|&#x23a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|&#x23ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|&#x23ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|&#x23ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|&#x23ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|&#x23af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|&#x23b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|&#x23b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|&#x23b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|&#x23b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|&#x23b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|&#x23b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|&#x23b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|&#x23ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|&#x23bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|&#x23bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|&#x23bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|&#x23be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|&#x23bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|&#x23c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|&#x23c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|&#x23c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x23c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x23ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|&#x23cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|&#x23cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|&#x23cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|&#x23ce;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|&#x23cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|&#x23d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|&#x23d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|&#x23d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|&#x23d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|&#x23d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|&#x23d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|&#x23d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|&#x23d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|&#x23d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|&#x23d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|&#x23da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|&#x23db;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|&#x23dc;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|&#x23dd;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|&#x23de;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|&#x23df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x23e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x23e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|&#x23e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|&#x23e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|&#x23e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|&#x23e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|&#x23e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|&#x23e7;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|&#x23e8;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23e9;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23ea;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23eb;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23ec;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ed;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ee;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|&#x23f0;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|&#x23f1;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|&#x23f2;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|&#x23f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|&#x23f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|&#x23f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|&#x23fa;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|&#x23fb;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|&#x23fc;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|&#x23fd;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|&#x23fe;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|&#x23ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|240x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|&#x2400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|&#x2401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|&#x2402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|&#x2403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|&#x2404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|&#x2405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|&#x2406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|&#x2407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|&#x2408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|&#x2409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|&#x240a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|&#x240b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|&#x240c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|&#x240d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|&#x240e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|&#x240f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|241x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|&#x2410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|&#x2411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|&#x2412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|&#x2413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|&#x2414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|&#x2415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|&#x2416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|&#x2417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|&#x2418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|&#x2419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|&#x241a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|&#x241b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|&#x241c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|&#x241d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|&#x241e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|&#x241f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|242x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|&#x2420;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|&#x2421;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|&#x2422;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|&#x2423;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|&#x2424;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|&#x2425;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|&#x2426;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|&#x2427;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|&#x2428;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|&#x2429;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|243x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|244x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|&#x2440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|&#x2441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|&#x2442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|&#x2443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|&#x2444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|&#x2445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|&#x2446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|&#x2447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR ON US SYMBOL|&#x2448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR DASH SYMBOL|&#x2449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|&#x244a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|245x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|246x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x2460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x2461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x2462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x2464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x2465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x2468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x2469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x246a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x246b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x246c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x246d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x246e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x246f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|247x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x2470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x2471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x2472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x2473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|&#x2474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|&#x2475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|&#x2476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|&#x2478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|&#x2479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x247a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x247b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|&#x247c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|&#x247d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x247e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x247f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|248x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x2480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x2481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x2482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x2483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x2484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x2485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x2486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x2487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|&#x2488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|&#x2489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|&#x248a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|&#x248b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|&#x248c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|&#x248d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|&#x248e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|&#x248f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|249x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|&#x2490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|&#x2491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|&#x2492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|&#x2493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|&#x249a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|&#x249b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x249c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x249d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x249e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x249f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x24a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x24a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x24a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x24a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x24a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x24a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x24a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x24a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x24a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x24a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x24aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x24ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x24ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x24ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x24ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x24af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x24b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x24b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x24b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x24b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x24b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x24b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x24b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x24b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x24b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x24b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x24ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x24bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x24bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x24bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x24be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x24bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x24c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x24c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x24c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x24c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x24c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x24c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x24c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x24c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x24c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x24c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x24ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x24cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x24cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x24cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x24ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x24cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x24d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x24d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x24d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x24d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x24d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x24d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x24d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x24d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x24d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x24d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x24da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x24db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x24dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x24dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x24de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x24df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x24e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x24e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x24e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x24e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x24e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x24e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x24e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x24e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x24e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x24e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|&#x24ea;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x24eb;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x24ec;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x24ed;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x24ee;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x24ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x24f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x24f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x24f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x24f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x24f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x24f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x24f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x24f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x24f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x24f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x24fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x24fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x24fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x24fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x24fe;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|&#x24ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|250x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|&#x2500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|&#x2501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|&#x2502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|&#x2503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x2506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x2507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x250a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x250b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x250c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x250d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x250e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x250f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|251x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x2512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|&#x2514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x2515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x2516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|&#x2517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|&#x2518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x251a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|&#x251b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x251c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x251d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x251e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x251f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|252x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x2520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|&#x2521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x2523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x2524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x2528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|&#x2529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|&#x252a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x252b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x252c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x252d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x252e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x252f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|253x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x2535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|&#x2539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|&#x253a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x253b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x253c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|&#x253d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|&#x253e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x253f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|254x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x2545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|&#x2549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|&#x254a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x254b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x254c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x254d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x254e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x254f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|255x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|&#x2550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|&#x2551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x2552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x2553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x2554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x2555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x2556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x2558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x2559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|&#x255a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x255b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x255c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|&#x255d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x255e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x255f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|256x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x2560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x2561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x2562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x2563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x2564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x2565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x2567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x2568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x256a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x256b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x256c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x256d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|&#x256e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|&#x256f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|257x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|&#x2570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|&#x2571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x2572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|&#x2573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|&#x2574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|&#x2575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|&#x2576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|&#x2577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|&#x2578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|&#x2579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|&#x257a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|&#x257b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|&#x257c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|&#x257d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|&#x257e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|&#x257f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|258x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|&#x2580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x2582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|&#x2584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x2586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|&#x2588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x258a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x258b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|&#x258c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x258d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x258e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x258f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|259x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|&#x2590;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|&#x2591;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|&#x2592;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|&#x2593;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2594;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|&#x2596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|&#x2597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|&#x2598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x2599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|&#x259b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|&#x259d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|&#x259e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|&#x25a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|&#x25a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|&#x25a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x25a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|&#x25a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|&#x25a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x25a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|&#x25a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|&#x25a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x25a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x25aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|&#x25ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|&#x25ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|&#x25ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|&#x25ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|&#x25af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|&#x25b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|&#x25b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|&#x25c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|&#x25c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|&#x25c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|&#x25c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|&#x25ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|&#x25cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|&#x25cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|&#x25ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|&#x25d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|&#x25d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|&#x25d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|&#x25d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|&#x25d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|&#x25e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|&#x25e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|&#x25e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x25e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x25ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|&#x25eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|&#x25ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25ee;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|&#x25ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f7;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25f8;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25f9;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25fa;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|&#x25fb;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|&#x25fc;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|&#x25fd;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|&#x25fe;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|260x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|&#x2600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|&#x2601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|&#x2602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|&#x2603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|&#x2604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|&#x2605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|&#x2606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|&#x2607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|&#x2608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|&#x2609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|&#x260a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|&#x260b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|&#x260c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|&#x260d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|&#x260e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|&#x260f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|261x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|&#x2610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|&#x2611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|&#x2612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|&#x2613;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|&#x2614;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|&#x2615;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|&#x2616;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|&#x2617;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|&#x2618;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|&#x2619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x261a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x261b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x261c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|&#x261d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x261e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|&#x261f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|262x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|&#x2620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|&#x2621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|&#x2622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|&#x2623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|&#x2624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|&#x2625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|&#x2626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|&#x2627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|&#x2628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|&#x2629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|&#x262a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|&#x262b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|&#x262c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|&#x262d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|&#x262e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|&#x262f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|263x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|&#x2630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|&#x2631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|&#x2632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|&#x2633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|&#x2634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|&#x2635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|&#x2636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|&#x2637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|&#x2638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|&#x2639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|&#x263a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|&#x263b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|&#x263c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|&#x263d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|&#x263e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|&#x263f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|264x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|&#x2640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|&#x2641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|&#x2642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|&#x2643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|&#x2644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|&#x2645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|&#x2646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|&#x2647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|&#x2648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|&#x2649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|&#x264a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|&#x264b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|&#x264c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|&#x264d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|&#x264e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|&#x264f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|265x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|&#x2650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|&#x2651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|&#x2652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|&#x2653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|&#x2654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|&#x2655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|&#x2656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|&#x2657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|&#x2658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|&#x2659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|&#x265a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|&#x265b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|&#x265c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|&#x265d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|&#x265e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|&#x265f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|266x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|&#x2660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|&#x2661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|&#x2662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|&#x2663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|&#x2664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|&#x2665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|&#x2666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|&#x2667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|&#x2668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|&#x2669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|&#x266a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|&#x266b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|&#x266c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|&#x266d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|&#x266e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|&#x266f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|267x |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|&#x2670;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|&#x2671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|&#x2672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|&#x2673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|&#x2674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|&#x2675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|&#x2676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|&#x2677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|&#x2678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|&#x2679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|&#x267a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|&#x267b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|&#x267c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|&#x267d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|&#x267e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|&#x267f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|268x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|&#x2680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|&#x2681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|&#x2682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|&#x2683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|&#x2684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|&#x2685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|&#x2686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|&#x2687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|&#x2688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|&#x2689;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|&#x268a;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|&#x268b;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|&#x268c;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|&#x268d;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|&#x268e;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|&#x268f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|269x |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|&#x2690;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|&#x2691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|&#x2692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|&#x2693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|&#x2694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|&#x2695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|&#x2696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|&#x2697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|&#x2698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|&#x2699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|&#x269a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|&#x269b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|&#x269c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|&#x269d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|&#x269e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|&#x269f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|&#x26a0;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|&#x26a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|&#x26a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|&#x26a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|&#x26aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|&#x26ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|&#x26ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|&#x26ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|&#x26ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|&#x26af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|&#x26b0;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|&#x26b1;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|&#x26b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|&#x26b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|&#x26b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|&#x26b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|&#x26b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|&#x26b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|&#x26b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|&#x26b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|&#x26ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|&#x26bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|&#x26bc;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|&#x26bd;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|&#x26be;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|&#x26bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|&#x26c0;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|&#x26c1;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|&#x26c2;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|&#x26c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|&#x26c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|&#x26c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|&#x26c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|&#x26c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|&#x26c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|&#x26c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|&#x26ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|&#x26cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|&#x26cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|&#x26cd;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|&#x26ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|&#x26cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|&#x26d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|&#x26d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|&#x26d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|&#x26d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|&#x26d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|&#x26d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|&#x26d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|&#x26da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x26db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|&#x26dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|&#x26dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|&#x26de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|&#x26df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|&#x26e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|&#x26e1;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|&#x26e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x26e3;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|&#x26e4;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e5;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e6;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|&#x26e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|&#x26e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|&#x26ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|&#x26eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|&#x26ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|&#x26ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|&#x26ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|&#x26ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|&#x26f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|&#x26f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|&#x26f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|&#x26f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|&#x26f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|&#x26f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|&#x26f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|&#x26f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|&#x26f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|&#x26f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|&#x26fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|&#x26fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|&#x26fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|&#x26fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x26fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|&#x26ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|270x |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|&#x2700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|&#x2701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|&#x2702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|&#x2703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|&#x2704;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|&#x2705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|&#x2706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|&#x2707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|&#x2708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|&#x2709;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|&#x270a;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|&#x270b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|&#x270c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|&#x270d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|&#x270e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|&#x270f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|271x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|&#x2710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|&#x2711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|&#x2712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|&#x2713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|&#x2714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|&#x2715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|&#x2716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|&#x2717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|&#x2718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|&#x2719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|&#x271a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|&#x271b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|&#x271c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|&#x271d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|&#x271e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|&#x271f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|272x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|&#x2720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|&#x2721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|&#x2726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|&#x2727;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|&#x2728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|&#x2729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|&#x272a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|&#x272b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|&#x272c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|&#x272d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|&#x272e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|&#x272f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|273x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|&#x2730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|&#x2731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|&#x2732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x2735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|&#x2737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|&#x2738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|&#x273a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|&#x273e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|&#x273f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|274x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|&#x2740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|&#x2741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|&#x2742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|&#x2743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|&#x2744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|&#x2745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|&#x2746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|&#x2747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|&#x2748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|&#x274a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|&#x274b;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|&#x274c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x274d;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|&#x274e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x274f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|275x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2752;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2753;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2754;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|&#x2756;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|&#x2757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|&#x2758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|&#x2759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|&#x275a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275e;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|276x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2760;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|&#x2761;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2762;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2763;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|&#x2764;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|&#x2765;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|&#x2766;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|&#x2767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x2768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x2769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x276a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x276b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x276c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x276d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x276e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x276f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|277x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2770;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2771;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2772;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2773;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2774;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x2776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x2777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x2778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x277a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x277b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x277c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x277d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x277e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x277f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|278x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|&#x2780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|&#x2781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|&#x2782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|&#x2783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|&#x2784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|&#x2785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|&#x2788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|&#x2789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|&#x278a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|&#x278b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|&#x278c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|&#x278d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|&#x278e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|&#x278f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|279x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|&#x2792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|&#x2793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2794;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|&#x2795;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|&#x2796;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|&#x2797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x279a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|&#x27b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27be;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|&#x27bf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|&#x27c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|&#x27c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|&#x27c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|&#x27c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|&#x27c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|&#x27c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|&#x27c6;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x27c7;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|&#x27c8;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|&#x27c9;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x27ca;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|&#x27cb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|&#x27cc;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|&#x27cd;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|&#x27ce;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|&#x27cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|&#x27d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|&#x27d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|&#x27d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|&#x27d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|&#x27d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|&#x27d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|&#x27d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|&#x27d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|&#x27d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|&#x27d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|&#x27da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|&#x27db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|&#x27dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|&#x27dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|&#x27de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x27df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|&#x27e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|&#x27e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|&#x27e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|&#x27e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|&#x27e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|&#x27e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x27e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x27e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27eb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x27ec;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x27ed;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|&#x27ee;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|&#x27ef;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x27f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x27f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x27f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x27f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|&#x27f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x27f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|&#x27f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x27ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|280x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|&#x2800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|&#x2801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|&#x2802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|&#x2803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|&#x2804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|&#x2805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|&#x2806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|&#x2807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|&#x2808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|&#x2809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|&#x280a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|&#x280b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|&#x280c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|&#x280d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|&#x280e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|&#x280f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|281x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|&#x2810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|&#x2811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|&#x2812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|&#x2813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|&#x2814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|&#x2815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|&#x2816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|&#x2817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|&#x2818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|&#x2819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|&#x281a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|&#x281b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|&#x281c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|&#x281d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|&#x281e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|&#x281f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|282x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|&#x2820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|&#x2821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|&#x2822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|&#x2823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|&#x2824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|&#x2825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|&#x2826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|&#x2827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|&#x2828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|&#x2829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|&#x282a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|&#x282b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|&#x282c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|&#x282d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|&#x282e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|&#x282f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|283x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|&#x2830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|&#x2831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|&#x2832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|&#x2833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|&#x2834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|&#x2835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|&#x2836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|&#x2837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|&#x2838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|&#x2839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|&#x283a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|&#x283b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|&#x283c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|&#x283d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|&#x283e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|&#x283f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|284x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|&#x2840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|&#x2841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|&#x2842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|&#x2843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|&#x2844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|&#x2845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|&#x2846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|&#x2847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|&#x2848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|&#x2849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|&#x284a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|&#x284b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|&#x284c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|&#x284d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|&#x284e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|&#x284f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|285x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|&#x2850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|&#x2851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|&#x2852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|&#x2853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|&#x2854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|&#x2855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|&#x2856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|&#x2857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|&#x2858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|&#x2859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|&#x285a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|&#x285b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|&#x285c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|&#x285d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|&#x285e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|&#x285f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|286x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|&#x2860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|&#x2861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|&#x2862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|&#x2863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|&#x2864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|&#x2865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|&#x2866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|&#x2867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|&#x2868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|&#x2869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|&#x286a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|&#x286b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|&#x286c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|&#x286d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|&#x286e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|&#x286f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|287x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|&#x2870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|&#x2871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|&#x2872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|&#x2873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|&#x2874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|&#x2875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|&#x2876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|&#x2877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|&#x2878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|&#x2879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|&#x287a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|&#x287b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|&#x287c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|&#x287d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|&#x287e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|&#x287f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|288x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|&#x2880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|&#x2881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|&#x2882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|&#x2883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|&#x2884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|&#x2885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|&#x2886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|&#x2887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|&#x2888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|&#x2889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|&#x288a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|&#x288b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|&#x288c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|&#x288d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|&#x288e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|&#x288f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|289x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|&#x2890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|&#x2891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|&#x2892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|&#x2893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|&#x2894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|&#x2895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|&#x2896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|&#x2897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|&#x2898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|&#x2899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|&#x289a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|&#x289b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|&#x289c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|&#x289d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|&#x289e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|&#x289f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|&#x28a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|&#x28a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|&#x28a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|&#x28a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|&#x28a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|&#x28a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|&#x28a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|&#x28a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|&#x28a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|&#x28a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|&#x28aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|&#x28ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|&#x28ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|&#x28ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|&#x28ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|&#x28af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|&#x28b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|&#x28b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|&#x28b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|&#x28b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|&#x28b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|&#x28b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|&#x28b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|&#x28b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|&#x28b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|&#x28b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|&#x28ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|&#x28bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|&#x28bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|&#x28bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|&#x28be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|&#x28bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|&#x28c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|&#x28c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|&#x28c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|&#x28c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|&#x28c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|&#x28c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|&#x28c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|&#x28c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|&#x28c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|&#x28c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|&#x28ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|&#x28cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|&#x28cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|&#x28cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|&#x28ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|&#x28cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|&#x28d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|&#x28d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|&#x28d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|&#x28d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|&#x28d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|&#x28d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|&#x28d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|&#x28d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|&#x28d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|&#x28d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|&#x28da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|&#x28db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|&#x28dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|&#x28dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|&#x28de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|&#x28df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|&#x28e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|&#x28e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|&#x28e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|&#x28e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|&#x28e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|&#x28e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|&#x28e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|&#x28e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|&#x28e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|&#x28e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|&#x28ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|&#x28eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|&#x28ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|&#x28ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|&#x28ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|&#x28ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|&#x28f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|&#x28f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|&#x28f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|&#x28f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|&#x28f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|&#x28f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|&#x28f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|&#x28f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|&#x28f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|&#x28f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|&#x28fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|&#x28fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|&#x28fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|&#x28fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|&#x28fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|&#x28ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|290x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x290a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x290b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|&#x290c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|&#x290d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x290e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x290f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|291x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x2910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|&#x2911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x2912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x2913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x2916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|&#x2919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|&#x291a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|&#x291b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|&#x291c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|292x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x2920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x292a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|&#x292b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|&#x292c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x292d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x292e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x292f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|293x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x2931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|&#x2933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|&#x2934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|&#x2935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|&#x2936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|&#x2937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x2938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x2939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|&#x293c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|&#x293d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|294x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|&#x2945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|&#x2946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|&#x2947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|&#x294a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|&#x294b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|&#x294c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|&#x294d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|&#x294e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|&#x294f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|295x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|&#x2950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|&#x2951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|&#x2952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|&#x2953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|&#x2954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|&#x2955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|&#x2956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|&#x2957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|&#x2958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|&#x2959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|&#x295a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|&#x295b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|&#x295c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|&#x295d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|&#x295e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|&#x295f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|296x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|&#x2960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|&#x2961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x2963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x2965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|&#x2966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|&#x2968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|&#x296a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|&#x296b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|&#x296c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|&#x296d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x296e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x296f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|297x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|&#x2970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|&#x2977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|&#x297a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x297b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|&#x297c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|&#x297d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|&#x297e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|&#x297f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|298x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|&#x2980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|&#x2981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|&#x2982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|&#x2983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|&#x2984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|&#x2985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|&#x2986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|&#x2987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|&#x2988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|&#x2989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|&#x298a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|&#x298b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|&#x298c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|&#x298d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|&#x298e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|&#x298f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|299x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|&#x2990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|&#x2991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|&#x2992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|&#x2993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|&#x2994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|&#x2995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|&#x2996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x2997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x2998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|&#x2999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|&#x299a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|&#x299b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|&#x299c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|&#x299d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|&#x299e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|&#x299f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|&#x29a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|&#x29a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|&#x29a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|&#x29a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|&#x29a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|&#x29a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|&#x29a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|&#x29a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x29aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|&#x29ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|&#x29ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|&#x29ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|&#x29ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|&#x29af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|&#x29b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|&#x29b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x29b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&#x29b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|&#x29b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x29b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|&#x29b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|&#x29b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|&#x29b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|&#x29b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|&#x29ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|&#x29bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|&#x29bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|&#x29bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|&#x29be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|&#x29bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|&#x29c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|&#x29c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|&#x29c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|&#x29c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|&#x29c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|&#x29c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|&#x29c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|&#x29c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|&#x29c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|&#x29c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x29ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|&#x29cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|&#x29cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x29ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|&#x29cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x29d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|&#x29d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|&#x29d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|&#x29d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|&#x29dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|&#x29dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x29de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|&#x29df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|&#x29e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|&#x29e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|&#x29e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|&#x29e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|&#x29e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|&#x29e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|&#x29e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|&#x29e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|&#x29eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|&#x29ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|&#x29ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|&#x29f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|&#x29f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x29f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|&#x29f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|&#x29f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|&#x29f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|&#x29f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x29f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|&#x29f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|&#x29f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|&#x29fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|&#x29fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|&#x29fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|&#x29fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|&#x29fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|&#x29ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|&#x2a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|&#x2a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|&#x2a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|&#x2a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|&#x2a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|&#x2a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|&#x2a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|&#x2a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|&#x2a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|&#x2a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|&#x2a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|&#x2a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|&#x2a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|&#x2a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|&#x2a0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|&#x2a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|&#x2a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|&#x2a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|&#x2a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|&#x2a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|&#x2a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|&#x2a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|&#x2a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|&#x2a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|&#x2a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|&#x2a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|&#x2a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|&#x2a1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|&#x2a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|&#x2a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x2a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|&#x2a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|&#x2a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x2a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|&#x2a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|&#x2a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|&#x2a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|&#x2a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|&#x2a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|&#x2a2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|&#x2a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|&#x2a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|&#x2a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|&#x2a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|&#x2a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|&#x2a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|&#x2a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|&#x2a3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|&#x2a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|&#x2a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|&#x2a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|&#x2a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|&#x2a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|&#x2a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|&#x2a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|&#x2a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|&#x2a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|&#x2a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|&#x2a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|&#x2a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|&#x2a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|&#x2a4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|&#x2a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|&#x2a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|&#x2a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|&#x2a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|&#x2a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|&#x2a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|&#x2a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|&#x2a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|&#x2a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|&#x2a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|&#x2a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|&#x2a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|&#x2a5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|&#x2a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|&#x2a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|&#x2a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|&#x2a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|&#x2a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|&#x2a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|&#x2a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|&#x2a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2a6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|&#x2a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|&#x2a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|&#x2a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|&#x2a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|&#x2a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x2a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x2a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|&#x2a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|&#x2a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|&#x2a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|&#x2a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|&#x2a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|&#x2a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|&#x2a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|&#x2a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|&#x2a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|&#x2a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|&#x2a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|&#x2a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|&#x2a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|&#x2a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|&#x2a8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|&#x2a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|&#x2a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|&#x2a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2a9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|&#x2aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|&#x2aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|&#x2aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|&#x2aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|&#x2aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|&#x2aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|&#x2aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|&#x2aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2aad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|&#x2aae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2aaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|&#x2abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|&#x2abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|&#x2abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|&#x2abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|&#x2abf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x2acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x2ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|&#x2acf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|&#x2ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|&#x2ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|&#x2ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|&#x2ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|&#x2ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|&#x2ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|&#x2ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|&#x2ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|&#x2ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|&#x2ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|&#x2ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|&#x2adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|&#x2adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|&#x2add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|&#x2ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|&#x2adf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|&#x2ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|&#x2ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|&#x2ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|&#x2ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|&#x2ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|&#x2aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|&#x2aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|&#x2aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|&#x2aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|&#x2aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x2aef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|&#x2af0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|&#x2af1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|&#x2af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|&#x2af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|&#x2af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|&#x2af8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2af9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2afa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|&#x2afb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|&#x2afc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|&#x2afd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|&#x2afe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|&#x2aff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|&#x2b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2b0e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|&#x2b0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2b10;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|&#x2b11;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|&#x2b12;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|&#x2b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x2b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x2b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x2b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x2b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|&#x2b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|&#x2b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|&#x2b1a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|&#x2b1b;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|&#x2b1c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|&#x2b1d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|&#x2b1e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|&#x2b1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x |style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|&#x2b20;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|&#x2b21;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|&#x2b22;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|&#x2b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|&#x2b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|&#x2b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|&#x2b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|&#x2b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|&#x2b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|&#x2b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|&#x2b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|&#x2b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|&#x2b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|&#x2b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x2b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x2b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|&#x2b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x2b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|&#x2b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|&#x2b3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|&#x2b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|&#x2b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x2b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x2b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2b4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2b4c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x2b4d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|&#x2b4e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|&#x2b4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|&#x2b50;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|&#x2b51;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|&#x2b52;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|&#x2b53;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|&#x2b54;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|&#x2b55;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|&#x2b56;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2b57;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|&#x2b58;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|&#x2b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|&#x2b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|&#x2b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|&#x2b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|&#x2b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|&#x2b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|&#x2b5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2b6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b73;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|&#x2b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|&#x2b7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|&#x2b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|&#x2b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|&#x2b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|&#x2b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|&#x2b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b95;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY ABOVE|&#x2b96;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|&#x2b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x2ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x2ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x2ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x2ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|&#x2ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|&#x2ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2bae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2baf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|&#x2bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|&#x2bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|&#x2bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|&#x2bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|&#x2bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|&#x2bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|&#x2bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|&#x2bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x2bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|&#x2bb9;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|&#x2bba;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|&#x2bbb;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|&#x2bbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|&#x2bbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|&#x2bbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|&#x2bbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|&#x2bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|&#x2bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|&#x2bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|&#x2bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|&#x2bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc8;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|&#x2bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x2bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x2bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|&#x2bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|&#x2bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|&#x2bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|&#x2bcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|&#x2bd0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|&#x2bd1;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|&#x2bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|&#x2bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|&#x2bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|&#x2bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|&#x2bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|&#x2bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|&#x2bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|&#x2bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|&#x2bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|&#x2bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|&#x2bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|&#x2bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|&#x2bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|&#x2bdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|&#x2be0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|&#x2be1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|&#x2be2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|&#x2be3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|&#x2be4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|&#x2be5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|&#x2be6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|&#x2be7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|&#x2be8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|&#x2be9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x2bea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x2beb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bec;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bed;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bee;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|&#x2bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|&#x2bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|&#x2bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|&#x2bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|&#x2bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|&#x2bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|&#x2bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|&#x2bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|&#x2bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|&#x2bf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|&#x2bfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|&#x2bfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|&#x2bfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|&#x2bfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|&#x2bfe;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|&#x2bff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|&#x2c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|&#x2c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|&#x2c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x2c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|&#x2c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|&#x2c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x2c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|&#x2c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x2c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|&#x2c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x2c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x2c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|&#x2c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|&#x2c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x2c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|&#x2c0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|&#x2c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|&#x2c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|&#x2c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|&#x2c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|&#x2c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|&#x2c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|&#x2c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|&#x2c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|&#x2c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|&#x2c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x2c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|&#x2c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|&#x2c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|&#x2c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x2c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|&#x2c1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|&#x2c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|&#x2c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|&#x2c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x2c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x2c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|&#x2c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|&#x2c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x2c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x2c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x2c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|&#x2c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x2c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|&#x2c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|&#x2c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|&#x2c2e;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|&#x2c2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|&#x2c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|&#x2c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|&#x2c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x2c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|&#x2c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|&#x2c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x2c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|&#x2c37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x2c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|&#x2c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x2c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|&#x2c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|&#x2c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|&#x2c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x2c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|&#x2c3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|&#x2c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|&#x2c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|&#x2c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|&#x2c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|&#x2c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|&#x2c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|&#x2c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|&#x2c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|&#x2c48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|&#x2c49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|&#x2c4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|&#x2c4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|&#x2c4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|&#x2c4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x2c4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x2c4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|&#x2c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|&#x2c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|&#x2c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|&#x2c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x2c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|&#x2c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|&#x2c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x2c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x2c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x2c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|&#x2c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x2c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|&#x2c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|&#x2c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|&#x2c5e;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|&#x2c5f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x2c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x2c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x2c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|&#x2c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|&#x2c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|&#x2c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x2c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|&#x2c6d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|&#x2c6e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|&#x2c6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|&#x2c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|&#x2c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|&#x2c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|&#x2c73;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|&#x2c74;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|&#x2c75;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|&#x2c76;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|&#x2c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|&#x2c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|&#x2c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|&#x2c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|&#x2c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|&#x2c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|&#x2c7d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x2c7e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x2c7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|&#x2c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|&#x2c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|&#x2c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|&#x2c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x2c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x2c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|&#x2c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|&#x2c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|&#x2c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|&#x2c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|&#x2c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|&#x2c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|&#x2c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|&#x2c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|&#x2c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|&#x2c8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|&#x2c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|&#x2c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|&#x2c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|&#x2c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|&#x2c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|&#x2c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|&#x2c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|&#x2c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|&#x2c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|&#x2c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|&#x2c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|&#x2c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|&#x2c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|&#x2c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x2c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|&#x2c9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x2ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|&#x2ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|&#x2ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|&#x2ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|&#x2ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|&#x2ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|&#x2ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|&#x2ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|&#x2ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|&#x2ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|&#x2caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|&#x2cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|&#x2cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|&#x2cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x2cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x2caf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|&#x2cb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|&#x2cb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|&#x2cb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|&#x2cb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|&#x2cb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|&#x2cb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|&#x2cb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|&#x2cb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|&#x2cb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|&#x2cb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|&#x2cba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|&#x2cbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|&#x2cbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|&#x2cbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|&#x2cbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|&#x2cbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|&#x2cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|&#x2cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|&#x2cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|&#x2cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|&#x2cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|&#x2cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|&#x2cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|&#x2cc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|&#x2cc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|&#x2cc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|&#x2cca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|&#x2ccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|&#x2ccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|&#x2ccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|&#x2cce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|&#x2ccf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|&#x2cd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|&#x2cd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|&#x2cd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|&#x2cd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|&#x2cd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|&#x2cd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|&#x2cd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|&#x2cd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|&#x2cd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|&#x2cd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|&#x2cda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|&#x2cdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|&#x2cdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|&#x2cdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|&#x2cde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|&#x2cdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|&#x2ce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|&#x2ce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|&#x2ce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|&#x2ce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|&#x2ce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|&#x2ce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|&#x2ce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|&#x2ce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|&#x2ce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|&#x2ce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|&#x2cea;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|&#x2ceb;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|&#x2cec;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|&#x2ced;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|&#x2cee;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x2cef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER|&nbsp;&#x2cf0;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS|&nbsp;&#x2cf1;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|&#x2cf2;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|&#x2cf3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|&#x2cf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|&#x2cfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|&#x2cfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|&#x2cfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x2cfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|&#x2cfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|&#x2cff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|&#x2d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|&#x2d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|&#x2d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|&#x2d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|&#x2d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|&#x2d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|&#x2d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|&#x2d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|&#x2d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|&#x2d09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|&#x2d0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|&#x2d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|&#x2d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|&#x2d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|&#x2d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|&#x2d0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|&#x2d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|&#x2d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|&#x2d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|&#x2d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|&#x2d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|&#x2d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|&#x2d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|&#x2d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|&#x2d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|&#x2d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|&#x2d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|&#x2d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|&#x2d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|&#x2d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|&#x2d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|&#x2d1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|&#x2d20;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|&#x2d21;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|&#x2d22;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|&#x2d23;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|&#x2d24;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|&#x2d25;}}||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|&#x2d27;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|&#x2d2d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|&#x2d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|&#x2d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|&#x2d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|&#x2d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|&#x2d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|&#x2d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|&#x2d36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|&#x2d37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|&#x2d38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|&#x2d39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|&#x2d3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|&#x2d3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|&#x2d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|&#x2d3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|&#x2d3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|&#x2d3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|&#x2d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|&#x2d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|&#x2d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|&#x2d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|&#x2d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|&#x2d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|&#x2d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|&#x2d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|&#x2d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|&#x2d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|&#x2d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|&#x2d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|&#x2d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|&#x2d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|&#x2d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|&#x2d4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|&#x2d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|&#x2d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|&#x2d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|&#x2d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|&#x2d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|&#x2d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|&#x2d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|&#x2d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|&#x2d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|&#x2d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|&#x2d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|&#x2d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|&#x2d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|&#x2d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|&#x2d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|&#x2d5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|&#x2d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|&#x2d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|&#x2d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|&#x2d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|&#x2d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|&#x2d65;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|&#x2d66;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|&#x2d67;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|&#x2d6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|&#x2d70;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER|&nbsp;&#x2d7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|&#x2d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|&#x2d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|&#x2d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|&#x2d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|&#x2d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|&#x2d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|&#x2d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|&#x2d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|&#x2d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|&#x2d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|&#x2d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|&#x2d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|&#x2d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|&#x2d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|&#x2d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|&#x2d8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|&#x2d90;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|&#x2d91;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|&#x2d92;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|&#x2d93;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|&#x2d94;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|&#x2d95;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|&#x2d96;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|&#x2da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|&#x2da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|&#x2da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|&#x2da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|&#x2da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|&#x2da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|&#x2da6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|&#x2da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|&#x2da9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|&#x2daa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|&#x2dab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|&#x2dac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|&#x2dad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|&#x2dae;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f !style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|&#x2db0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|&#x2db1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|&#x2db2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|&#x2db3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|&#x2db4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|&#x2db5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|&#x2db6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|&#x2db8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|&#x2db9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|&#x2dba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|&#x2dbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|&#x2dbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|&#x2dbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|&#x2dbe;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|&#x2dc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|&#x2dc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|&#x2dc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|&#x2dc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|&#x2dc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|&#x2dc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|&#x2dc6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|&#x2dc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|&#x2dc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|&#x2dca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|&#x2dcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|&#x2dcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|&#x2dcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|&#x2dce;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|&#x2dd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|&#x2dd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|&#x2dd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|&#x2dd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|&#x2dd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|&#x2dd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|&#x2dd6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|&#x2dd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|&#x2dd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|&#x2dda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|&#x2ddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|&#x2ddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|&#x2ddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|&#x2dde;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE|&nbsp;&#x2de0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE|&nbsp;&#x2de1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE|&nbsp;&#x2de2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE|&nbsp;&#x2de3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE|&nbsp;&#x2de4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE|&nbsp;&#x2de5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA|&nbsp;&#x2de6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL|&nbsp;&#x2de7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM|&nbsp;&#x2de8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN|&nbsp;&#x2de9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O|&nbsp;&#x2dea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE|&nbsp;&#x2deb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER|&nbsp;&#x2dec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES|&nbsp;&#x2ded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE|&nbsp;&#x2dee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA|&nbsp;&#x2def;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE|&nbsp;&#x2df0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE|&nbsp;&#x2df1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA|&nbsp;&#x2df2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA|&nbsp;&#x2df3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA|&nbsp;&#x2df4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE|&nbsp;&#x2df5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A|&nbsp;&#x2df6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE|&nbsp;&#x2df7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV|&nbsp;&#x2df8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&nbsp;&#x2df9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT|&nbsp;&#x2dfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU|&nbsp;&#x2dfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A|&nbsp;&#x2dfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|&#x2e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|&#x2e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|&#x2e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|&#x2e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|&#x2e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|&#x2e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|&#x2e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|&#x2e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|&#x2e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|&#x2e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|&#x2e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|&#x2e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|&#x2e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|&#x2e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|&#x2e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|&#x2e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|&#x2e17;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|&#x2e18;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|&#x2e19;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|&#x2e1a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|&#x2e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|&#x2e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|&#x2e1d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2e1e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2e1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|&#x2e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|&#x2e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|&#x2e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|&#x2e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|&#x2e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|&#x2e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|&#x2e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|&#x2e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|&#x2e2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|&#x2e30;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|&#x2e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|&#x2e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|&#x2e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|&#x2e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|&#x2e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|&#x2e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|&#x2e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|&#x2e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|&#x2e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|&#x2e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|&#x2e3b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|&#x2e3c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|&#x2e3d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|&#x2e3e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|&#x2e3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|&#x2e40;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|&#x2e41;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x2e42;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|&#x2e43;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|&#x2e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|&#x2e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|&#x2e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|&#x2e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|&#x2e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|&#x2e49;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|&#x2e4a;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|&#x2e4b;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|&#x2e4c;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|&#x2e4d;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|&#x2e4e;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|&#x2e4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|&#x2e50;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|&#x2e51;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|&#x2e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|&#x2e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|&#x2e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|&#x2e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|&#x2e5d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x |style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2e60;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2e61;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|&#x2e62;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|&#x2e63;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|&#x2e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|&#x2e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|&#x2e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|&#x2e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|&#x2e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|&#x2e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|&#x2e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|&#x2e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|&#x2e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|&#x2e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|&#x2e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|&#x2e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|&#x2e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|&#x2e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|&#x2e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|&#x2e8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|&#x2e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|&#x2e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|&#x2e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|&#x2e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|&#x2e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|&#x2e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|&#x2e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|&#x2e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|&#x2e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|&#x2e99;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|&#x2e9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|&#x2e9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|&#x2e9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|&#x2e9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|&#x2e9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|&#x2ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|&#x2ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|&#x2ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|&#x2ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|&#x2ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|&#x2ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|&#x2ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|&#x2ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|&#x2ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|&#x2ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|&#x2eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|&#x2eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|&#x2eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|&#x2ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|&#x2eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|&#x2eaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|&#x2eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|&#x2eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|&#x2eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|&#x2eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|&#x2eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|&#x2eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|&#x2eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|&#x2eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|&#x2eb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|&#x2eb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|&#x2eba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|&#x2ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|&#x2ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|&#x2ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|&#x2ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|&#x2ebf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|&#x2ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|&#x2ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|&#x2ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|&#x2ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|&#x2ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|&#x2ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|&#x2ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|&#x2ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|&#x2ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|&#x2ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|&#x2eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|&#x2ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|&#x2ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|&#x2ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|&#x2ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|&#x2ecf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|&#x2ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|&#x2ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|&#x2ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|&#x2ed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|&#x2ed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|&#x2ed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|&#x2ed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|&#x2ed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|&#x2ed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|&#x2ed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|&#x2eda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|&#x2edb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|&#x2edc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|&#x2edd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|&#x2ede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|&#x2edf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|&#x2ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|&#x2ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|&#x2ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|&#x2ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|&#x2ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|&#x2ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|&#x2ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|&#x2ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|&#x2ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|&#x2ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|&#x2eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|&#x2eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|&#x2eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|&#x2eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|&#x2eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|&#x2eef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|&#x2ef0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|&#x2ef1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|&#x2ef2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|&#x2ef3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|&#x2f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|&#x2f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|&#x2f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|&#x2f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|&#x2f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|&#x2f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|&#x2f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|&#x2f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|&#x2f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|&#x2f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|&#x2f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|&#x2f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|&#x2f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|&#x2f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|&#x2f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|&#x2f0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|&#x2f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|&#x2f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|&#x2f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|&#x2f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|&#x2f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|&#x2f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|&#x2f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|&#x2f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|&#x2f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|&#x2f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|&#x2f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|&#x2f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|&#x2f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|&#x2f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|&#x2f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|&#x2f1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|&#x2f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|&#x2f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|&#x2f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|&#x2f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|&#x2f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|&#x2f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|&#x2f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|&#x2f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|&#x2f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|&#x2f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|&#x2f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|&#x2f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|&#x2f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|&#x2f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|&#x2f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|&#x2f2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|&#x2f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|&#x2f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|&#x2f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|&#x2f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|&#x2f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|&#x2f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|&#x2f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|&#x2f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|&#x2f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|&#x2f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|&#x2f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|&#x2f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|&#x2f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|&#x2f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|&#x2f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|&#x2f3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|&#x2f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|&#x2f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|&#x2f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|&#x2f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|&#x2f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|&#x2f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|&#x2f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|&#x2f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|&#x2f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|&#x2f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|&#x2f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|&#x2f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|&#x2f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|&#x2f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|&#x2f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|&#x2f4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|&#x2f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|&#x2f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|&#x2f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|&#x2f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|&#x2f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|&#x2f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|&#x2f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|&#x2f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|&#x2f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|&#x2f59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|&#x2f5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|&#x2f5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|&#x2f5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|&#x2f5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|&#x2f5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|&#x2f5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|&#x2f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|&#x2f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|&#x2f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|&#x2f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|&#x2f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|&#x2f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|&#x2f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|&#x2f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|&#x2f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|&#x2f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|&#x2f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|&#x2f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|&#x2f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|&#x2f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|&#x2f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|&#x2f6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|&#x2f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|&#x2f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|&#x2f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|&#x2f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|&#x2f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|&#x2f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|&#x2f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|&#x2f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|&#x2f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|&#x2f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|&#x2f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|&#x2f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|&#x2f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|&#x2f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|&#x2f7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|&#x2f7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|&#x2f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|&#x2f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|&#x2f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|&#x2f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|&#x2f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|&#x2f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|&#x2f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|&#x2f87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|&#x2f88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|&#x2f89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|&#x2f8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|&#x2f8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|&#x2f8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|&#x2f8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|&#x2f8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|&#x2f8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|&#x2f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|&#x2f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|&#x2f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|&#x2f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|&#x2f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|&#x2f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|&#x2f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|&#x2f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|&#x2f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|&#x2f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|&#x2f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|&#x2f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|&#x2f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|&#x2f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|&#x2f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|&#x2f9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|&#x2fa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|&#x2fa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|&#x2fa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|&#x2fa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|&#x2fa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|&#x2fa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|&#x2fa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|&#x2fa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|&#x2fa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|&#x2fa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|&#x2faa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|&#x2fab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|&#x2fac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|&#x2fad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|&#x2fae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|&#x2faf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|&#x2fb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|&#x2fb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|&#x2fb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|&#x2fb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|&#x2fb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|&#x2fb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|&#x2fb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|&#x2fb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|&#x2fb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|&#x2fb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|&#x2fba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|&#x2fbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|&#x2fbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|&#x2fbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|&#x2fbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|&#x2fbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|&#x2fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|&#x2fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|&#x2fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|&#x2fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|&#x2fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|&#x2fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|&#x2fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|&#x2fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|&#x2fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|&#x2fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|&#x2fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|&#x2fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|&#x2fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|&#x2fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|&#x2fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|&#x2fcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|&#x2fd0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|&#x2fd1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|&#x2fd2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|&#x2fd3;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|&#x2fd4;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|&#x2fd5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|&#x2ff0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|&#x2ff1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|&#x2ff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|&#x2ff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|&#x2ff4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|&#x2ff5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|&#x2ff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|&#x2ff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|&#x2ff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|&#x2ff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|&#x2ffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|&#x2ffb;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|&#x2ffc;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|&#x2ffd;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|&#x2ffe;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|&#x2fff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} h9lcymzbpwxzoae2xpv20lsahd72mpp 0 77333 4633801 4633005 2026-05-03T08:15:23Z ~2026-25678-06 3579663 4633801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Yi Syllables''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IT|&#xa000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IX|&#xa001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE I|&#xa002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IP|&#xa003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IET|&#xa004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IEX|&#xa005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IE|&#xa006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IEP|&#xa007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AT|&#xa008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AX|&#xa009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE A|&#xa00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AP|&#xa00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UOX|&#xa00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UO|&#xa00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UOP|&#xa00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OT|&#xa00f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OX|&#xa010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE O|&#xa011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OP|&#xa012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE EX|&#xa013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE E|&#xa014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ITERATION MARK|&#xa015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIT|&#xa016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIX|&#xa017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BI|&#xa018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIP|&#xa019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIET|&#xa01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIEX|&#xa01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIE|&#xa01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIEP|&#xa01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAT|&#xa01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAX|&#xa01f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BA|&#xa020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAP|&#xa021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUOX|&#xa022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUO|&#xa023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUOP|&#xa024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOT|&#xa025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOX|&#xa026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BO|&#xa027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOP|&#xa028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BEX|&#xa029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BE|&#xa02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BEP|&#xa02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUT|&#xa02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUX|&#xa02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BU|&#xa02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUP|&#xa02f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BURX|&#xa030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUR|&#xa031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYT|&#xa032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYX|&#xa033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BY|&#xa034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYP|&#xa035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYRX|&#xa036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYR|&#xa037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIT|&#xa038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIX|&#xa039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PI|&#xa03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIP|&#xa03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIEX|&#xa03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIE|&#xa03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIEP|&#xa03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAT|&#xa03f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAX|&#xa040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PA|&#xa041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAP|&#xa042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUOX|&#xa043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUO|&#xa044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUOP|&#xa045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POT|&#xa046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POX|&#xa047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PO|&#xa048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POP|&#xa049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUT|&#xa04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUX|&#xa04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PU|&#xa04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUP|&#xa04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PURX|&#xa04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUR|&#xa04f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYT|&#xa050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYX|&#xa051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PY|&#xa052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYP|&#xa053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYRX|&#xa054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYR|&#xa055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIT|&#xa056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIX|&#xa057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBI|&#xa058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIP|&#xa059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIET|&#xa05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIEX|&#xa05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIE|&#xa05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIEP|&#xa05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAT|&#xa05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAX|&#xa05f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBA|&#xa060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAP|&#xa061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUOX|&#xa062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUO|&#xa063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUOP|&#xa064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOT|&#xa065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOX|&#xa066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBO|&#xa067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOP|&#xa068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBEX|&#xa069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBE|&#xa06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBEP|&#xa06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUT|&#xa06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUX|&#xa06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBU|&#xa06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUP|&#xa06f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBURX|&#xa070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUR|&#xa071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYT|&#xa072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYX|&#xa073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBY|&#xa074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYP|&#xa075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIT|&#xa076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIX|&#xa077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBI|&#xa078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIP|&#xa079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIEX|&#xa07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIE|&#xa07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIEP|&#xa07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAT|&#xa07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAX|&#xa07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBA|&#xa07f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAP|&#xa080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOT|&#xa081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOX|&#xa082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBO|&#xa083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOP|&#xa084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUT|&#xa085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUX|&#xa086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBU|&#xa087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUP|&#xa088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBURX|&#xa089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUR|&#xa08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYT|&#xa08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYX|&#xa08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBY|&#xa08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYP|&#xa08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYRX|&#xa08f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYR|&#xa090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIT|&#xa091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIX|&#xa092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMI|&#xa093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIP|&#xa094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIEX|&#xa095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIE|&#xa096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIEP|&#xa097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAT|&#xa098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAX|&#xa099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMA|&#xa09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAP|&#xa09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUOX|&#xa09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUO|&#xa09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUOP|&#xa09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOT|&#xa09f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOX|&#xa0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMO|&#xa0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOP|&#xa0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUT|&#xa0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUX|&#xa0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMU|&#xa0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUP|&#xa0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMURX|&#xa0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUR|&#xa0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYX|&#xa0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMY|&#xa0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYP|&#xa0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYRX|&#xa0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYR|&#xa0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIT|&#xa0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIX|&#xa0af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MI|&#xa0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIP|&#xa0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIEX|&#xa0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIE|&#xa0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIEP|&#xa0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAT|&#xa0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAX|&#xa0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MA|&#xa0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAP|&#xa0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOT|&#xa0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOX|&#xa0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUO|&#xa0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOP|&#xa0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOT|&#xa0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOX|&#xa0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MO|&#xa0bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOP|&#xa0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MEX|&#xa0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ME|&#xa0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUT|&#xa0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUX|&#xa0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MU|&#xa0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUP|&#xa0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MURX|&#xa0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUR|&#xa0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYT|&#xa0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYX|&#xa0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MY|&#xa0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYP|&#xa0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIT|&#xa0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIX|&#xa0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FI|&#xa0cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIP|&#xa0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAT|&#xa0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAX|&#xa0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FA|&#xa0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAP|&#xa0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FOX|&#xa0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FO|&#xa0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FOP|&#xa0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUT|&#xa0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUX|&#xa0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FU|&#xa0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUP|&#xa0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FURX|&#xa0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUR|&#xa0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYT|&#xa0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYX|&#xa0df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FY|&#xa0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYP|&#xa0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIT|&#xa0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIX|&#xa0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VI|&#xa0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIP|&#xa0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIET|&#xa0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIEX|&#xa0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIE|&#xa0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIEP|&#xa0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAT|&#xa0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAX|&#xa0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VA|&#xa0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAP|&#xa0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOT|&#xa0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOX|&#xa0ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A0Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VO|&#xa0f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOP|&#xa0f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VEX|&#xa0f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VEP|&#xa0f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUT|&#xa0f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUX|&#xa0f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VU|&#xa0f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUP|&#xa0f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VURX|&#xa0f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUR|&#xa0f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYT|&#xa0fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYX|&#xa0fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VY|&#xa0fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYP|&#xa0fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYRX|&#xa0fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYR|&#xa0ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIT|&#xa100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIX|&#xa101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DI|&#xa102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIP|&#xa103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIEX|&#xa104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIE|&#xa105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIEP|&#xa106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAT|&#xa107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAX|&#xa108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DA|&#xa109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAP|&#xa10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUOX|&#xa10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUO|&#xa10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOT|&#xa10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOX|&#xa10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DO|&#xa10f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOP|&#xa110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DEX|&#xa111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DE|&#xa112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DEP|&#xa113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUT|&#xa114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUX|&#xa115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DU|&#xa116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUP|&#xa117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DURX|&#xa118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUR|&#xa119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIT|&#xa11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIX|&#xa11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TI|&#xa11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIP|&#xa11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIEX|&#xa11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIE|&#xa11f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A12x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIEP|&#xa120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAT|&#xa121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAX|&#xa122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TA|&#xa123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAP|&#xa124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOT|&#xa125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOX|&#xa126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUO|&#xa127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOP|&#xa128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOT|&#xa129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOX|&#xa12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TO|&#xa12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOP|&#xa12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TEX|&#xa12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TE|&#xa12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TEP|&#xa12f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A13x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUT|&#xa130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUX|&#xa131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TU|&#xa132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUP|&#xa133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TURX|&#xa134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUR|&#xa135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIT|&#xa136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIX|&#xa137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDI|&#xa138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIP|&#xa139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIEX|&#xa13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIE|&#xa13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIEP|&#xa13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAT|&#xa13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAX|&#xa13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDA|&#xa13f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A14x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAP|&#xa140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUOX|&#xa141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUO|&#xa142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUOP|&#xa143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOT|&#xa144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOX|&#xa145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDO|&#xa146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOP|&#xa147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDEX|&#xa148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDE|&#xa149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDEP|&#xa14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUT|&#xa14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUX|&#xa14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDU|&#xa14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUP|&#xa14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDURX|&#xa14f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A15x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUR|&#xa150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIT|&#xa151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIX|&#xa152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDI|&#xa153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIP|&#xa154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIEX|&#xa155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIE|&#xa156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAT|&#xa157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAX|&#xa158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDA|&#xa159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAP|&#xa15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOT|&#xa15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOX|&#xa15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDO|&#xa15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOP|&#xa15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDEX|&#xa15f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A16x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDE|&#xa160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDEP|&#xa161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUT|&#xa162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUX|&#xa163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDU|&#xa164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUP|&#xa165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDURX|&#xa166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUR|&#xa167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIT|&#xa168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIX|&#xa169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNI|&#xa16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIP|&#xa16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIET|&#xa16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIEX|&#xa16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIE|&#xa16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIEP|&#xa16f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A17x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAT|&#xa170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAX|&#xa171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNA|&#xa172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAP|&#xa173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUOX|&#xa174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUO|&#xa175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOT|&#xa176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOX|&#xa177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOP|&#xa178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNEX|&#xa179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNE|&#xa17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNEP|&#xa17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUT|&#xa17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIT|&#xa17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIX|&#xa17e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NI|&#xa17f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A18x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIP|&#xa180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIEX|&#xa181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIE|&#xa182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIEP|&#xa183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NAX|&#xa184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NA|&#xa185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NAP|&#xa186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUOX|&#xa187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUO|&#xa188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUOP|&#xa189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOT|&#xa18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOX|&#xa18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NO|&#xa18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOP|&#xa18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NEX|&#xa18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NE|&#xa18f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A19x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NEP|&#xa190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUT|&#xa191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUX|&#xa192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NU|&#xa193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUP|&#xa194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NURX|&#xa195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUR|&#xa196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIT|&#xa197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIX|&#xa198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLI|&#xa199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIP|&#xa19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIEX|&#xa19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIE|&#xa19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIEP|&#xa19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAT|&#xa19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAX|&#xa19f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLA|&#xa1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAP|&#xa1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUOX|&#xa1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUO|&#xa1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUOP|&#xa1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLOX|&#xa1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLO|&#xa1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLOP|&#xa1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLEX|&#xa1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLE|&#xa1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLEP|&#xa1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUT|&#xa1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUX|&#xa1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLU|&#xa1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUP|&#xa1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLURX|&#xa1af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUR|&#xa1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYT|&#xa1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYX|&#xa1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLY|&#xa1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYP|&#xa1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYRX|&#xa1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYR|&#xa1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIT|&#xa1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIX|&#xa1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LI|&#xa1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIP|&#xa1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIET|&#xa1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIEX|&#xa1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIE|&#xa1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIEP|&#xa1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAT|&#xa1bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAX|&#xa1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LA|&#xa1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAP|&#xa1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOT|&#xa1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOX|&#xa1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUO|&#xa1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOP|&#xa1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOT|&#xa1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOX|&#xa1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LO|&#xa1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOP|&#xa1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LEX|&#xa1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LE|&#xa1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LEP|&#xa1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUT|&#xa1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUX|&#xa1cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LU|&#xa1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUP|&#xa1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LURX|&#xa1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUR|&#xa1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYT|&#xa1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYX|&#xa1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LY|&#xa1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYP|&#xa1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYRX|&#xa1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYR|&#xa1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIT|&#xa1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIX|&#xa1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GI|&#xa1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIP|&#xa1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIET|&#xa1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIEX|&#xa1df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIE|&#xa1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIEP|&#xa1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAT|&#xa1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAX|&#xa1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GA|&#xa1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAP|&#xa1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOT|&#xa1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOX|&#xa1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUO|&#xa1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOP|&#xa1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOT|&#xa1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOX|&#xa1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GO|&#xa1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOP|&#xa1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GET|&#xa1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GEX|&#xa1ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A1Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GE|&#xa1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GEP|&#xa1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUT|&#xa1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUX|&#xa1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GU|&#xa1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUP|&#xa1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GURX|&#xa1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUR|&#xa1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIT|&#xa1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIX|&#xa1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KI|&#xa1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIP|&#xa1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIEX|&#xa1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIE|&#xa1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIEP|&#xa1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAT|&#xa1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A20x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAX|&#xa200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KA|&#xa201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAP|&#xa202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUOX|&#xa203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUO|&#xa204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUOP|&#xa205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOT|&#xa206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOX|&#xa207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KO|&#xa208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOP|&#xa209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KET|&#xa20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KEX|&#xa20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KE|&#xa20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KEP|&#xa20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUT|&#xa20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUX|&#xa20f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A21x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KU|&#xa210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUP|&#xa211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KURX|&#xa212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUR|&#xa213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIT|&#xa214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIX|&#xa215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGI|&#xa216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIEX|&#xa217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIE|&#xa218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIEP|&#xa219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAT|&#xa21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAX|&#xa21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGA|&#xa21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAP|&#xa21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOT|&#xa21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOX|&#xa21f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A22x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUO|&#xa220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOP|&#xa221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOT|&#xa222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOX|&#xa223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGO|&#xa224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOP|&#xa225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGET|&#xa226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGEX|&#xa227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGE|&#xa228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGEP|&#xa229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUT|&#xa22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUX|&#xa22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGU|&#xa22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUP|&#xa22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGURX|&#xa22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUR|&#xa22f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A23x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGIEX|&#xa230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGIE|&#xa231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAT|&#xa232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAX|&#xa233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGA|&#xa234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAP|&#xa235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUOX|&#xa236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUO|&#xa237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUOP|&#xa238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOT|&#xa239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOX|&#xa23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGO|&#xa23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOP|&#xa23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGEX|&#xa23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGE|&#xa23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGEP|&#xa23f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A24x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUT|&#xa240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUX|&#xa241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGU|&#xa242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUP|&#xa243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGURX|&#xa244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUR|&#xa245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIT|&#xa246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIX|&#xa247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXI|&#xa248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIP|&#xa249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIET|&#xa24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIEX|&#xa24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIE|&#xa24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIEP|&#xa24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAT|&#xa24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAX|&#xa24f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A25x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXA|&#xa250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAP|&#xa251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOT|&#xa252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOX|&#xa253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUO|&#xa254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOP|&#xa255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOT|&#xa256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOX|&#xa257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXO|&#xa258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOP|&#xa259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXEX|&#xa25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXE|&#xa25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXEP|&#xa25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIEX|&#xa25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIE|&#xa25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIEP|&#xa25f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A26x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAT|&#xa260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAX|&#xa261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGA|&#xa262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAP|&#xa263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUOT|&#xa264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUOX|&#xa265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUO|&#xa266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOT|&#xa267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOX|&#xa268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGO|&#xa269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOP|&#xa26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGEX|&#xa26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGE|&#xa26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGEP|&#xa26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIT|&#xa26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIEX|&#xa26f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A27x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIE|&#xa270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAT|&#xa271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAX|&#xa272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HA|&#xa273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAP|&#xa274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOT|&#xa275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOX|&#xa276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUO|&#xa277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOP|&#xa278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOT|&#xa279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOX|&#xa27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HO|&#xa27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOP|&#xa27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HEX|&#xa27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HE|&#xa27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HEP|&#xa27f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A28x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAT|&#xa280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAX|&#xa281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WA|&#xa282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAP|&#xa283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUOX|&#xa284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUO|&#xa285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUOP|&#xa286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WOX|&#xa287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WO|&#xa288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WOP|&#xa289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WEX|&#xa28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WE|&#xa28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WEP|&#xa28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIT|&#xa28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIX|&#xa28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZI|&#xa28f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A29x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIP|&#xa290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIEX|&#xa291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIE|&#xa292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIEP|&#xa293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAT|&#xa294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAX|&#xa295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZA|&#xa296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAP|&#xa297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUOX|&#xa298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUO|&#xa299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUOP|&#xa29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOT|&#xa29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOX|&#xa29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZO|&#xa29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOP|&#xa29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZEX|&#xa29f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZE|&#xa2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZEP|&#xa2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUT|&#xa2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUX|&#xa2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZU|&#xa2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUP|&#xa2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZURX|&#xa2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUR|&#xa2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYT|&#xa2a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYX|&#xa2a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZY|&#xa2aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYP|&#xa2ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYRX|&#xa2ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYR|&#xa2ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIT|&#xa2ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIX|&#xa2af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CI|&#xa2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIP|&#xa2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIET|&#xa2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIEX|&#xa2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIE|&#xa2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIEP|&#xa2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAT|&#xa2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAX|&#xa2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CA|&#xa2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAP|&#xa2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUOX|&#xa2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUO|&#xa2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUOP|&#xa2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COT|&#xa2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COX|&#xa2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CO|&#xa2bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COP|&#xa2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CEX|&#xa2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CE|&#xa2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CEP|&#xa2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUT|&#xa2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUX|&#xa2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CU|&#xa2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUP|&#xa2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CURX|&#xa2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUR|&#xa2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYT|&#xa2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYX|&#xa2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CY|&#xa2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYP|&#xa2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYRX|&#xa2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYR|&#xa2cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIT|&#xa2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIX|&#xa2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZI|&#xa2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIP|&#xa2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIET|&#xa2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIEX|&#xa2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIE|&#xa2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIEP|&#xa2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAT|&#xa2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAX|&#xa2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZA|&#xa2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAP|&#xa2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZOX|&#xa2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZO|&#xa2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZOP|&#xa2de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZEX|&#xa2df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZE|&#xa2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZEP|&#xa2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUX|&#xa2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZU|&#xa2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUP|&#xa2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZURX|&#xa2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUR|&#xa2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYT|&#xa2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYX|&#xa2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZY|&#xa2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYP|&#xa2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYRX|&#xa2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYR|&#xa2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIT|&#xa2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIX|&#xa2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZI|&#xa2ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A2Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIP|&#xa2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIEX|&#xa2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIE|&#xa2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIEP|&#xa2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAT|&#xa2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAX|&#xa2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZA|&#xa2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAP|&#xa2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUOX|&#xa2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUO|&#xa2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZOX|&#xa2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZOP|&#xa2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZEX|&#xa2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZE|&#xa2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUX|&#xa2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZU|&#xa2ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A30x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUP|&#xa300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZURX|&#xa301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUR|&#xa302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYT|&#xa303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYX|&#xa304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZY|&#xa305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYP|&#xa306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYRX|&#xa307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYR|&#xa308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIT|&#xa309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIX|&#xa30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SI|&#xa30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIP|&#xa30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIEX|&#xa30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIE|&#xa30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIEP|&#xa30f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A31x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAT|&#xa310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAX|&#xa311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SA|&#xa312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAP|&#xa313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUOX|&#xa314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUO|&#xa315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUOP|&#xa316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOT|&#xa317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOX|&#xa318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SO|&#xa319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOP|&#xa31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SEX|&#xa31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SE|&#xa31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SEP|&#xa31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUT|&#xa31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUX|&#xa31f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A32x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SU|&#xa320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUP|&#xa321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SURX|&#xa322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUR|&#xa323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYT|&#xa324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYX|&#xa325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SY|&#xa326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYP|&#xa327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYRX|&#xa328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYR|&#xa329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIT|&#xa32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIX|&#xa32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSI|&#xa32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIP|&#xa32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIEX|&#xa32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIE|&#xa32f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A33x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIEP|&#xa330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAT|&#xa331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAX|&#xa332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSA|&#xa333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAP|&#xa334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOT|&#xa335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOX|&#xa336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSO|&#xa337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOP|&#xa338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSEX|&#xa339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSE|&#xa33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSEP|&#xa33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUT|&#xa33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUX|&#xa33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSU|&#xa33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUP|&#xa33f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A34x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYT|&#xa340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYX|&#xa341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSY|&#xa342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYP|&#xa343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYRX|&#xa344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYR|&#xa345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAT|&#xa346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAX|&#xa347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHA|&#xa348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAP|&#xa349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUOX|&#xa34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUO|&#xa34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUOP|&#xa34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOT|&#xa34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOX|&#xa34e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHO|&#xa34f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A35x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOP|&#xa350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHET|&#xa351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHEX|&#xa352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHE|&#xa353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHEP|&#xa354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUT|&#xa355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUX|&#xa356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHU|&#xa357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUP|&#xa358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHURX|&#xa359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUR|&#xa35a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYT|&#xa35b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYX|&#xa35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHY|&#xa35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYP|&#xa35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYRX|&#xa35f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A36x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYR|&#xa360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAT|&#xa361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAX|&#xa362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHA|&#xa363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAP|&#xa364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOT|&#xa365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOX|&#xa366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUO|&#xa367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOP|&#xa368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOT|&#xa369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOX|&#xa36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHO|&#xa36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOP|&#xa36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHET|&#xa36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHEX|&#xa36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHE|&#xa36f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A37x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHEP|&#xa370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUX|&#xa371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHU|&#xa372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUP|&#xa373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHURX|&#xa374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUR|&#xa375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYT|&#xa376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYX|&#xa377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHY|&#xa378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYP|&#xa379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYRX|&#xa37a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYR|&#xa37b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRAX|&#xa37c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRA|&#xa37d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUOX|&#xa37e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUO|&#xa37f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A38x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROT|&#xa380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROX|&#xa381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRO|&#xa382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROP|&#xa383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRET|&#xa384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RREX|&#xa385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRE|&#xa386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RREP|&#xa387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUT|&#xa388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUX|&#xa389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRU|&#xa38a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUP|&#xa38b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRURX|&#xa38c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUR|&#xa38d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYT|&#xa38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYX|&#xa38f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A39x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRY|&#xa390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYP|&#xa391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYRX|&#xa392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYR|&#xa393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAT|&#xa394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAX|&#xa395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRA|&#xa396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAP|&#xa397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NROX|&#xa398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRO|&#xa399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NROP|&#xa39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRET|&#xa39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NREX|&#xa39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRE|&#xa39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NREP|&#xa39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUT|&#xa39f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUX|&#xa3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRU|&#xa3a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUP|&#xa3a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRURX|&#xa3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUR|&#xa3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYT|&#xa3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYX|&#xa3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRY|&#xa3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYP|&#xa3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYRX|&#xa3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYR|&#xa3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAT|&#xa3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAX|&#xa3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHA|&#xa3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAP|&#xa3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUOX|&#xa3af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUO|&#xa3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUOP|&#xa3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOT|&#xa3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOX|&#xa3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHO|&#xa3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOP|&#xa3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHET|&#xa3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHEX|&#xa3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHE|&#xa3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHEP|&#xa3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUT|&#xa3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUX|&#xa3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHU|&#xa3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUP|&#xa3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHURX|&#xa3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUR|&#xa3bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYT|&#xa3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYX|&#xa3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHY|&#xa3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYP|&#xa3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYRX|&#xa3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYR|&#xa3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAT|&#xa3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAX|&#xa3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RA|&#xa3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAP|&#xa3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUOX|&#xa3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUO|&#xa3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUOP|&#xa3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROT|&#xa3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROX|&#xa3ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RO|&#xa3cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROP|&#xa3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE REX|&#xa3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RE|&#xa3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE REP|&#xa3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUT|&#xa3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUX|&#xa3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RU|&#xa3d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUP|&#xa3d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RURX|&#xa3d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUR|&#xa3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYT|&#xa3da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYX|&#xa3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RY|&#xa3dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYP|&#xa3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYRX|&#xa3de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYR|&#xa3df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIT|&#xa3e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIX|&#xa3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JI|&#xa3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIP|&#xa3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIET|&#xa3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIEX|&#xa3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIE|&#xa3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIEP|&#xa3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOT|&#xa3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOX|&#xa3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUO|&#xa3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOP|&#xa3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOT|&#xa3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOX|&#xa3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JO|&#xa3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOP|&#xa3ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A3Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUT|&#xa3f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUX|&#xa3f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JU|&#xa3f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUP|&#xa3f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JURX|&#xa3f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUR|&#xa3f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYT|&#xa3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYX|&#xa3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JY|&#xa3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYP|&#xa3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYRX|&#xa3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYR|&#xa3fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIT|&#xa3fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIX|&#xa3fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QI|&#xa3fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIP|&#xa3ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A40x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIET|&#xa400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIEX|&#xa401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIE|&#xa402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIEP|&#xa403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOT|&#xa404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOX|&#xa405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUO|&#xa406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOP|&#xa407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOT|&#xa408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOX|&#xa409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QO|&#xa40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOP|&#xa40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUT|&#xa40c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUX|&#xa40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QU|&#xa40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUP|&#xa40f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A41x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QURX|&#xa410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUR|&#xa411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYT|&#xa412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYX|&#xa413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QY|&#xa414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYP|&#xa415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYRX|&#xa416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYR|&#xa417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIT|&#xa418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIX|&#xa419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJI|&#xa41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIP|&#xa41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIET|&#xa41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIEX|&#xa41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIE|&#xa41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIEP|&#xa41f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A42x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUOX|&#xa420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUO|&#xa421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUOP|&#xa422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOT|&#xa423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOX|&#xa424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJO|&#xa425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOP|&#xa426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUT|&#xa427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUX|&#xa428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJU|&#xa429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUP|&#xa42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJURX|&#xa42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUR|&#xa42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYT|&#xa42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYX|&#xa42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJY|&#xa42f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A43x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYP|&#xa430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIT|&#xa431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIX|&#xa432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJI|&#xa433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIP|&#xa434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIET|&#xa435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIEX|&#xa436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIE|&#xa437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIEP|&#xa438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUOX|&#xa439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUO|&#xa43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOT|&#xa43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOX|&#xa43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJO|&#xa43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOP|&#xa43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUX|&#xa43f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A44x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJU|&#xa440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUP|&#xa441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJURX|&#xa442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUR|&#xa443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYT|&#xa444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYX|&#xa445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJY|&#xa446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYP|&#xa447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYRX|&#xa448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYR|&#xa449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIT|&#xa44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIX|&#xa44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYI|&#xa44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIP|&#xa44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIET|&#xa44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIEX|&#xa44f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A45x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIE|&#xa450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIEP|&#xa451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUOX|&#xa452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUO|&#xa453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUOP|&#xa454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOT|&#xa455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOX|&#xa456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYO|&#xa457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOP|&#xa458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUT|&#xa459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUX|&#xa45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYU|&#xa45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUP|&#xa45c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIT|&#xa45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIX|&#xa45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XI|&#xa45f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A46x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIP|&#xa460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIET|&#xa461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIEX|&#xa462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIE|&#xa463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIEP|&#xa464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XUOX|&#xa465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XUO|&#xa466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOT|&#xa467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOX|&#xa468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XO|&#xa469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOP|&#xa46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYT|&#xa46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYX|&#xa46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XY|&#xa46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYP|&#xa46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYRX|&#xa46f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A47x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYR|&#xa470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIT|&#xa471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIX|&#xa472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YI|&#xa473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIP|&#xa474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIET|&#xa475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIEX|&#xa476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIE|&#xa477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIEP|&#xa478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOT|&#xa479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOX|&#xa47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUO|&#xa47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOP|&#xa47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOT|&#xa47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOX|&#xa47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YO|&#xa47f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A48x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOP|&#xa480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUT|&#xa481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUX|&#xa482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YU|&#xa483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUP|&#xa484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YURX|&#xa485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUR|&#xa486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYT|&#xa487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYX|&#xa488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YY|&#xa489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYP|&#xa48a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYRX|&#xa48b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYR|&#xa48c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Yi Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A49x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL QOT|&#xa490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LI|&#xa491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL KIT|&#xa492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NYIP|&#xa493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CYP|&#xa494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SSI|&#xa495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GGOP|&#xa496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GEP|&#xa497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL MI|&#xa498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXIT|&#xa499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LYR|&#xa49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL BBUT|&#xa49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL MOP|&#xa49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL YO|&#xa49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL PUT|&#xa49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXUO|&#xa49f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL TAT|&#xa4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GA|&#xa4a1;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZUP|&#xa4a2;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CYT|&#xa4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL DDUR|&#xa4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL BUR|&#xa4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GGUO|&#xa4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NYOP|&#xa4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL TU|&#xa4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL OP|&#xa4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJUT|&#xa4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZOT|&#xa4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL PYT|&#xa4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HMO|&#xa4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL YIT|&#xa4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL VUR|&#xa4af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHY|&#xa4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL VEP|&#xa4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZA|&#xa4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JO|&#xa4b3;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NZUP|&#xa4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJY|&#xa4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GOT|&#xa4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJIE|&#xa4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL WO|&#xa4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL DU|&#xa4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHUR|&#xa4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LIE|&#xa4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CY|&#xa4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CUOP|&#xa4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CIP|&#xa4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXOP|&#xa4bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Cx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHAT|&#xa4c0;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZUR|&#xa4c1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHOP|&#xa4c2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CHE|&#xa4c3;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZZIET|&#xa4c4;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NBIE|&#xa4c5;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL KE|&#xa4c6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Lisu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER BA|&#xa4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER PA|&#xa4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER PHA|&#xa4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER DA|&#xa4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TA|&#xa4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER THA|&#xa4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER GA|&#xa4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER KA|&#xa4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER KHA|&#xa4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER JA|&#xa4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER CA|&#xa4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER CHA|&#xa4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER DZA|&#xa4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TSA|&#xa4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TSHA|&#xa4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER MA|&#xa4df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER NA|&#xa4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER LA|&#xa4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER SA|&#xa4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER ZHA|&#xa4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER ZA|&#xa4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER NGA|&#xa4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER HA|&#xa4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER XA|&#xa4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER HHA|&#xa4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER FA|&#xa4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER WA|&#xa4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER SHA|&#xa4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER YA|&#xa4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER GHA|&#xa4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER A|&#xa4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER AE|&#xa4ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A4Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER E|&#xa4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER EU|&#xa4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER I|&#xa4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER O|&#xa4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER U|&#xa4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER UE|&#xa4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER UH|&#xa4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER OE|&#xa4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA TI|&#xa4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE NA PO|&#xa4f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA CYA|&#xa4fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA BO|&#xa4fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA NA|&#xa4fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA JEU|&#xa4fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU PUNCTUATION COMMA|&#xa4fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU PUNCTUATION FULL STOP|&#xa4ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Vai''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A50x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EE|&#xa500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EEN|&#xa501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HEE|&#xa502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEE|&#xa503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEEN|&#xa504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PEE|&#xa505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHEE|&#xa506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BEE|&#xa507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBEE|&#xa508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPEE|&#xa509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBEE|&#xa50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBEE|&#xa50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FEE|&#xa50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VEE|&#xa50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TEE|&#xa50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THEE|&#xa50f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A51x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHEE|&#xa510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHEE|&#xa511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LEE|&#xa512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE REE|&#xa513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DEE|&#xa514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDEE|&#xa515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SEE|&#xa516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHEE|&#xa517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZEE|&#xa518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHEE|&#xa519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CEE|&#xa51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JEE|&#xa51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJEE|&#xa51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YEE|&#xa51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KEE|&#xa51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGEE|&#xa51f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A52x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GEE|&#xa520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MEE|&#xa521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NEE|&#xa522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYEE|&#xa523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE I|&#xa524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE IN|&#xa525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HI|&#xa526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HIN|&#xa527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WI|&#xa528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WIN|&#xa529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PI|&#xa52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHI|&#xa52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BI|&#xa52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBI|&#xa52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPI|&#xa52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBI|&#xa52f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A53x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBI|&#xa530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FI|&#xa531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VI|&#xa532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TI|&#xa533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THI|&#xa534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHI|&#xa535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHI|&#xa536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LI|&#xa537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RI|&#xa538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DI|&#xa539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDI|&#xa53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SI|&#xa53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHI|&#xa53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZI|&#xa53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHI|&#xa53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CI|&#xa53f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A54x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JI|&#xa540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJI|&#xa541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YI|&#xa542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KI|&#xa543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGI|&#xa544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GI|&#xa545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MI|&#xa546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NI|&#xa547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYI|&#xa548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE A|&#xa549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE AN|&#xa54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGAN|&#xa54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HA|&#xa54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HAN|&#xa54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WA|&#xa54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WAN|&#xa54f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A55x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PA|&#xa550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHA|&#xa551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BA|&#xa552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBA|&#xa553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPA|&#xa554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPAN|&#xa555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBA|&#xa556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBA|&#xa557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FA|&#xa558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VA|&#xa559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TA|&#xa55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THA|&#xa55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHA|&#xa55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHA|&#xa55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LA|&#xa55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RA|&#xa55f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A56x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DA|&#xa560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDA|&#xa561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SA|&#xa562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHA|&#xa563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZA|&#xa564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHA|&#xa565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CA|&#xa566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JA|&#xa567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJA|&#xa568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YA|&#xa569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KA|&#xa56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KAN|&#xa56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGA|&#xa56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GA|&#xa56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MA|&#xa56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NA|&#xa56f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A57x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYA|&#xa570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE OO|&#xa571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE OON|&#xa572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HOO|&#xa573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WOO|&#xa574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WOON|&#xa575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE POO|&#xa576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHOO|&#xa577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BOO|&#xa578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBOO|&#xa579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPOO|&#xa57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBOO|&#xa57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBOO|&#xa57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FOO|&#xa57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VOO|&#xa57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TOO|&#xa57f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A58x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THOO|&#xa580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHOO|&#xa581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHOO|&#xa582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LOO|&#xa583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ROO|&#xa584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DOO|&#xa585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOO|&#xa586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SOO|&#xa587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHOO|&#xa588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZOO|&#xa589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHOO|&#xa58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE COO|&#xa58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JOO|&#xa58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJOO|&#xa58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YOO|&#xa58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KOO|&#xa58f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A59x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGOO|&#xa590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GOO|&#xa591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MOO|&#xa592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NOO|&#xa593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYOO|&#xa594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE U|&#xa595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE UN|&#xa596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HU|&#xa597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HUN|&#xa598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WU|&#xa599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WUN|&#xa59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PU|&#xa59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHU|&#xa59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BU|&#xa59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBU|&#xa59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPU|&#xa59f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBU|&#xa5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBU|&#xa5a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FU|&#xa5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VU|&#xa5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TU|&#xa5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THU|&#xa5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHU|&#xa5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHU|&#xa5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LU|&#xa5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RU|&#xa5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DU|&#xa5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDU|&#xa5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SU|&#xa5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHU|&#xa5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZU|&#xa5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHU|&#xa5af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CU|&#xa5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JU|&#xa5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJU|&#xa5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YU|&#xa5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KU|&#xa5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGU|&#xa5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GU|&#xa5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MU|&#xa5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NU|&#xa5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYU|&#xa5b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE O|&#xa5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ON|&#xa5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGON|&#xa5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HO|&#xa5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HON|&#xa5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WO|&#xa5bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WON|&#xa5c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PO|&#xa5c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHO|&#xa5c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BO|&#xa5c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBO|&#xa5c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPO|&#xa5c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBO|&#xa5c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBO|&#xa5c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBON|&#xa5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FO|&#xa5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VO|&#xa5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TO|&#xa5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THO|&#xa5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHO|&#xa5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHO|&#xa5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LO|&#xa5cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RO|&#xa5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DO|&#xa5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDO|&#xa5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SO|&#xa5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHO|&#xa5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZO|&#xa5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHO|&#xa5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CO|&#xa5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JO|&#xa5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJO|&#xa5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YO|&#xa5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KO|&#xa5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGO|&#xa5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GO|&#xa5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MO|&#xa5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NO|&#xa5df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYO|&#xa5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE E|&#xa5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EN|&#xa5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGEN|&#xa5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HE|&#xa5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HEN|&#xa5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WE|&#xa5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEN|&#xa5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PE|&#xa5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHE|&#xa5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BE|&#xa5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBE|&#xa5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPE|&#xa5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPEN|&#xa5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBE|&#xa5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBE|&#xa5ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A5Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBEN|&#xa5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FE|&#xa5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VE|&#xa5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TE|&#xa5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THE|&#xa5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHE|&#xa5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHE|&#xa5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LE|&#xa5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RE|&#xa5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DE|&#xa5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDE|&#xa5fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SE|&#xa5fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHE|&#xa5fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZE|&#xa5fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHE|&#xa5fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CE|&#xa5ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A60x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JE|&#xa600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJE|&#xa601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YE|&#xa602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KE|&#xa603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGE|&#xa604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGEN|&#xa605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GE|&#xa606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GEN|&#xa607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ME|&#xa608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NE|&#xa609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYE|&#xa60a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NG|&#xa60b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LENGTHENER|&#xa60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI COMMA|&#xa60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI FULL STOP|&#xa60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI QUESTION MARK|&#xa60f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A61x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE FA|&#xa610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE KA|&#xa611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE SOO|&#xa612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL FEENG|&#xa613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL KEENG|&#xa614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TING|&#xa615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL NII|&#xa616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL BANG|&#xa617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL FAA|&#xa618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TAA|&#xa619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DANG|&#xa61a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DOONG|&#xa61b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL KUNG|&#xa61c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TONG|&#xa61d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DO-O|&#xa61e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL JONG|&#xa61f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A62x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT ONE|&#xa621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT TWO|&#xa622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT THREE|&#xa623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT SIX|&#xa626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT NINE|&#xa629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE MA|&#xa62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE DO|&#xa62b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A63x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A64x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLYA|&#xa640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLYA|&#xa641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|&#xa642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|&#xa643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED DZE|&#xa644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED DZE|&#xa645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#xa646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#xa647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERV|&#xa648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJERV|&#xa649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&#xa64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&#xa64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BROAD OMEGA|&#xa64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BROAD OMEGA|&#xa64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NEUTRAL YER|&#xa64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NEUTRAL YER|&#xa64f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A65x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER|&#xa650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER|&#xa651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT|&#xa652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT|&#xa653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED YU|&#xa654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED YU|&#xa655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED A|&#xa656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED A|&#xa657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&#xa658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&#xa659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BLENDED YUS|&#xa65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BLENDED YUS|&#xa65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&#xa65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&#xa65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YN|&#xa65e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YN|&#xa65f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A66x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED TSE|&#xa660;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED TSE|&#xa661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT DE|&#xa662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT DE|&#xa663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT EL|&#xa664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT EL|&#xa665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT EM|&#xa666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT EM|&#xa667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O|&#xa668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O|&#xa669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O|&#xa66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O|&#xa66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O|&#xa66c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O|&#xa66d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O|&#xa66e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC VZMET|&nbsp;&#xa66f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A67x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC TEN MILLIONS SIGN|&#xa670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED MILLIONS SIGN|&#xa671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC THOUSAND MILLIONS SIGN|&#xa672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLAVONIC ASTERISK|&#xa673;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#xa674;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER I|&#xa675;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YI|&#xa676;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER U|&#xa677;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HARD SIGN|&#xa678;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YERU|&#xa679;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#xa67a;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER OMEGA|&#xa67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC KAVYKA|&nbsp;&#xa67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PAYEROK|&nbsp;&#xa67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC KAVYKA|&#xa67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC PAYEROK|&#xa67f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A68x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DWE|&#xa680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DWE|&#xa681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZWE|&#xa682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZWE|&#xa683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHWE|&#xa684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHWE|&#xa685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CCHE|&#xa686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CCHE|&#xa687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZE|&#xa688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZE|&#xa689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#xa68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#xa68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TWE|&#xa68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TWE|&#xa68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSWE|&#xa68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSWE|&#xa68f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A69x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSSE|&#xa690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSSE|&#xa691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TCHE|&#xa692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TCHE|&#xa693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HWE|&#xa694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HWE|&#xa695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHWE|&#xa696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHWE|&#xa697;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O|&#xa698;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O|&#xa699;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O|&#xa69a;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O|&#xa69b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC HARD SIGN|&#xa69c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SOFT SIGN|&#xa69d;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EF|&nbsp;&#xa69e;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#xa69f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Bamum''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER A|&#xa6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KA|&#xa6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER U|&#xa6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KU|&#xa6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER EE|&#xa6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REE|&#xa6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TAE|&#xa6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER O|&#xa6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NYI|&#xa6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER I|&#xa6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LA|&#xa6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PA|&#xa6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RII|&#xa6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RIEE|&#xa6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LEEEE|&#xa6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MEEEE|&#xa6af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TAA|&#xa6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NDAA|&#xa6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJAEM|&#xa6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER M|&#xa6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SUU|&#xa6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MU|&#xa6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHII|&#xa6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SI|&#xa6b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHEUX|&#xa6b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SEUX|&#xa6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KYEE|&#xa6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KET|&#xa6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NUAE|&#xa6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NU|&#xa6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJUAE|&#xa6be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YOQ|&#xa6bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHU|&#xa6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YUQ|&#xa6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YA|&#xa6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NSHA|&#xa6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KEUX|&#xa6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PEUX|&#xa6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJEE|&#xa6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NTEE|&#xa6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PUE|&#xa6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER WUE|&#xa6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PEE|&#xa6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FEE|&#xa6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RU|&#xa6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LU|&#xa6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MI|&#xa6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NI|&#xa6cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REUX|&#xa6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RAE|&#xa6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KEN|&#xa6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGKWAEN|&#xa6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGGA|&#xa6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGA|&#xa6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHO|&#xa6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PUAE|&#xa6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FU|&#xa6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FOM|&#xa6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER WA|&#xa6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NA|&#xa6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LI|&#xa6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PI|&#xa6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LOQ|&#xa6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KO|&#xa6df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MBEN|&#xa6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REN|&#xa6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MEN|&#xa6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MA|&#xa6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TI|&#xa6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KI|&#xa6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MO|&#xa6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MBAA|&#xa6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TET|&#xa6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KPA|&#xa6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TEN|&#xa6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NTUU|&#xa6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SAMBA|&#xa6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FAAMAE|&#xa6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KOVUU|&#xa6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KOGHOM|&#xa6ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A6Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMBINING MARK KOQNDON|&#xa6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMBINING MARK TUKWENTIS|&#xa6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM NJAEMLI|&#xa6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM FULL STOP|&#xa6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COLON|&#xa6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMMA|&#xa6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM SEMICOLON|&#xa6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM QUESTION MARK|&#xa6f7;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Modifier Tone Letters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|A70x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN PING|&#xa700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG PING|&#xa701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN SHANG|&#xa702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG SHANG|&#xa703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN QU|&#xa704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG QU|&#xa705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN RU|&#xa706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG RU|&#xa707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR|&#xa708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR|&#xa709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED TONE BAR|&#xa70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED TONE BAR|&#xa70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED TONE BAR|&#xa70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa70d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa70e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa70f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|A71x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&#xa716;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT VERTICAL BAR|&nbsp;&#xa717;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT SLASH|&nbsp;&#xa718;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT HORIZONTAL BAR|&nbsp;&#xa719;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOWER RIGHT CORNER ANGLE|&nbsp;&#xa71a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED UP ARROW|&#xa71b;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED DOWN ARROW|&#xa71c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa71d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa71e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa71f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-D''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A72x |style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRESS AND HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#xa720;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRESS AND LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#xa721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF|&#xa722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF|&#xa723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL AIN|&#xa724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL AIN|&#xa725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HENG|&#xa726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG|&#xa727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TZ|&#xa728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TZ|&#xa729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TRESILLO|&#xa72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TRESILLO|&#xa72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CUATRILLO|&#xa72c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CUATRILLO|&#xa72d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CUATRILLO WITH COMMA|&#xa72e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CUATRILLO WITH COMMA|&#xa72f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A73x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL F|&#xa730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S|&#xa731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AA|&#xa732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AA|&#xa733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AO|&#xa734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AO|&#xa735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AU|&#xa736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AU|&#xa737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AV|&#xa738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AV|&#xa739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AV WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#xa73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AV WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#xa73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AY|&#xa73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AY|&#xa73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED C WITH DOT|&#xa73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C WITH DOT|&#xa73f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A74x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH STROKE|&#xa740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE|&#xa741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH STROKE AND DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE AND DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BROKEN L|&#xa746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BROKEN L|&#xa747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH HIGH STROKE|&#xa748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH HIGH STROKE|&#xa749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa74a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa74b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH LOOP|&#xa74c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOOP|&#xa74d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OO|&#xa74e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OO|&#xa74f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A75x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH|&#xa752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH|&#xa753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH SQUIRREL TAIL|&#xa754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH SQUIRREL TAIL|&#xa755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ROTUNDA|&#xa75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA|&#xa75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RUM ROTUNDA|&#xa75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RUM ROTUNDA|&#xa75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa75f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A76x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VY|&#xa760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VY|&#xa761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z|&#xa762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z|&#xa763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE|&#xa764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE|&#xa765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&#xa767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VEND|&#xa768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VEND|&#xa769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&#xa76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ET|&#xa76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IS|&#xa76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IS|&#xa76d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CON|&#xa76e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CON|&#xa76f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A77x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER US|&#xa770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DUM|&#xa771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LUM|&#xa772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MUM|&#xa773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER NUM|&#xa774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RUM|&#xa775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL RUM|&#xa776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TUM|&#xa777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UM|&#xa778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR D|&#xa779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR D|&#xa77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR F|&#xa77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F|&#xa77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G|&#xa77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED INSULAR G|&#xa77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED INSULAR G|&#xa77f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A78x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED L|&#xa780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED L|&#xa781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR R|&#xa782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR R|&#xa783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR S|&#xa784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR S|&#xa785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR T|&#xa786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR T|&#xa787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#xa788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER COLON|&#xa789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SHORT EQUALS SIGN|&#xa78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SALTILLO|&#xa78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SALTILLO|&#xa78c;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED H|&#xa78d;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK AND BELT|&#xa78e;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT|&#xa78f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|A79x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DESCENDER|&#xa790;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DESCENDER|&#xa791;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH BAR|&#xa792;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH BAR|&#xa793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#xa794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#xa795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH FLOURISH|&#xa796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH FLOURISH|&#xa797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH STROKE|&#xa798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH STROKE|&#xa799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK AE|&#xa79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK AE|&#xa79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK OE|&#xa79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK OE|&#xa79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK UE|&#xa79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK UE|&#xa79f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&#xa7a9;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH HOOK|&#xa7aa;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E|&#xa7ab;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT G|&#xa7ac;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BELT|&#xa7ad;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&#xa7ae;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Q|&#xa7af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Bx |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED K|&#xa7b0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED T|&#xa7b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xa7b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#xa7b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BETA|&#xa7b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA|&#xa7b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#xa7b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#xa7b7;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH STROKE|&#xa7b8;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH STROKE|&#xa7b9;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL A|&#xa7ba;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL A|&#xa7bb;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL I|&#xa7bc;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL I|&#xa7bd;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL U|&#xa7be;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL U|&#xa7bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Cx |style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OLD POLISH O|&#xa7c0;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OLD POLISH O|&#xa7c1;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ANGLICANA W|&#xa7c2;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ANGLICANA W|&#xa7c3;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#xa7c4;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH HOOK|&#xa7c5;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#xa7c6;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa7c7;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa7c8;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa7c9;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&#xa7ca;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RAMS HORN|&#xa7cb;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa7cc;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#xa7cd;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE|&#xa7ce;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE|&#xa7cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Dx |style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED INSULAR G|&#xa7d0;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED INSULAR G|&#xa7d1;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE THORN|&#xa7d2;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE THORN|&#xa7d3;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE WYNN|&#xa7d4;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE WYNN|&#xa7d5;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MIDDLE SCOTS S|&#xa7d6;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MIDDLE SCOTS S|&#xa7d7;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SIGMOID S|&#xa7d8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIGMOID S|&#xa7d9;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA|&#xa7da;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA|&#xa7db;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE|&#xa7dc;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A7Fx |&nbsp;||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL S|&#xa7f1;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL C|&#xa7f2;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL F|&#xa7f3;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL Q|&#xa7f4;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED HALF H|&#xa7f5;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED HALF H|&#xa7f6;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER SIDEWAYS I|&#xa7f7;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL H WITH STROKE|&#xa7f8;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LIGATURE OE|&#xa7f9;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED M|&#xa7fa;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER REVERSED F|&#xa7fb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER REVERSED P|&#xa7fc;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER INVERTED M|&#xa7fd;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER I LONGA|&#xa7fe;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER ARCHAIC M|&#xa7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Syloti Nagri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|A80x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER A|&#xa800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER I|&#xa801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN DVISVARA|&#xa802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER U|&#xa803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER E|&#xa804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER O|&#xa805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN HASANTA|&#xa806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER KO|&#xa807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER KHO|&#xa808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER GO|&#xa809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER GHO|&#xa80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xa80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER CO|&#xa80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER CHO|&#xa80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER JO|&#xa80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER JHO|&#xa80f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|A81x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TTO|&#xa810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TTHO|&#xa811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DDO|&#xa812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DDHO|&#xa813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TO|&#xa814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER THO|&#xa815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DO|&#xa816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DHO|&#xa817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER NO|&#xa818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER PO|&#xa819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER PHO|&#xa81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER BO|&#xa81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER BHO|&#xa81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER MO|&#xa81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER RO|&#xa81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER LO|&#xa81f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|A82x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER RRO|&#xa820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER SO|&#xa821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER HO|&#xa822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN A|&#xa823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN E|&#xa826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xa827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-1|&#xa828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-2|&#xa829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-3|&#xa82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-4|&#xa82b;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN ALTERNATE HASANTA|&#xa82c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Common Indic Number Forms''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A83x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xa830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xa831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xa832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xa833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xa834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xa835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC QUARTER MARK|&#xa836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC PLACEHOLDER MARK|&#xa837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC RUPEE MARK|&#xa838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC QUANTITY MARK|&#xa839;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Phags-pa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|A84x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER KA|&#xa840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER KHA|&#xa841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER GA|&#xa842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NGA|&#xa843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CA|&#xa844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CHA|&#xa845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER JA|&#xa846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NYA|&#xa847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TA|&#xa848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER THA|&#xa849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DA|&#xa84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NA|&#xa84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER PA|&#xa84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER PHA|&#xa84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER BA|&#xa84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER MA|&#xa84f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|A85x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TSA|&#xa850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TSHA|&#xa851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DZA|&#xa852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER WA|&#xa853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ZHA|&#xa854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ZA|&#xa855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SMALL A|&#xa856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER YA|&#xa857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER RA|&#xa858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER LA|&#xa859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SHA|&#xa85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SA|&#xa85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER HA|&#xa85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER A|&#xa85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER I|&#xa85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER U|&#xa85f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|A86x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER E|&#xa860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER O|&#xa861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER QA|&#xa862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER XA|&#xa863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER FA|&#xa864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER GGA|&#xa865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER EE|&#xa866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&#xa867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&#xa868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TTA|&#xa869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TTHA|&#xa86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DDA|&#xa86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NNA|&#xa86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ALTERNATE YA|&#xa86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER VOICELESS SHA|&#xa86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER VOICED HA|&#xa86f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|A87x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ASPIRATED FA|&#xa870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&#xa871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUPERFIXED LETTER RA|&#xa872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CANDRABINDU|&#xa873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SINGLE HEAD MARK|&#xa874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA DOUBLE HEAD MARK|&#xa875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA MARK SHAD|&#xa876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&#xa877;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Saurashtra''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A88x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xa880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN VISARGA|&#xa881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER A|&#xa882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AA|&#xa883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER I|&#xa884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER II|&#xa885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER U|&#xa886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER UU|&#xa887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xa888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xa889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xa88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xa88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER E|&#xa88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER EE|&#xa88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AI|&#xa88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER O|&#xa88f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A89x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER OO|&#xa890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AU|&#xa891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER KA|&#xa892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER KHA|&#xa893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER GA|&#xa894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER GHA|&#xa895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NGA|&#xa896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER CA|&#xa897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER CHA|&#xa898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER JA|&#xa899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER JHA|&#xa89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NYA|&#xa89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TTA|&#xa89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TTHA|&#xa89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DDA|&#xa89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DDHA|&#xa89f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NNA|&#xa8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TA|&#xa8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER THA|&#xa8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DA|&#xa8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DHA|&#xa8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NA|&#xa8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER PA|&#xa8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER PHA|&#xa8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER BA|&#xa8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER BHA|&#xa8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER MA|&#xa8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER YA|&#xa8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER RA|&#xa8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER LA|&#xa8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VA|&#xa8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SHA|&#xa8af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SSA|&#xa8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SA|&#xa8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER HA|&#xa8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER LLA|&#xa8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA CONSONANT SIGN HAARU|&#xa8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xa8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xa8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xa8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xa8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xa8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xa8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xa8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xa8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xa8bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Cx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xa8c0;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xa8c1;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xa8c2;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xa8c3;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xa8c4;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xa8c5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DANDA|&#xa8ce;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DOUBLE DANDA|&#xa8cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT ZERO|&#xa8d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT ONE|&#xa8d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT TWO|&#xa8d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT THREE|&#xa8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT FOUR|&#xa8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT FIVE|&#xa8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT SIX|&#xa8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT NINE|&#xa8d9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Devanagari Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa8e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE|&#xa8e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO|&#xa8e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE|&#xa8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX|&#xa8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE|&#xa8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER A|&#xa8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER U|&#xa8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER KA|&#xa8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER NA|&#xa8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER PA|&#xa8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER RA|&#xa8ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A8Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER VI|&#xa8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xa8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU|&#xa8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU VIRAMA|&#xa8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN DOUBLE CANDRABINDU VIRAMA|&#xa8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU TWO|&#xa8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU THREE|&#xa8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU AVAGRAHA|&#xa8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN PUSHPIKA|&#xa8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI GAP FILLER|&#xa8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CARET|&nbsp;&#xa8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE|&#xa8fb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xa8fc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI JAIN OM|&#xa8fd;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AY|&#xa8fe;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AY|&#xa8ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kayah Li''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A90x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT ONE|&#xa901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT TWO|&#xa902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT THREE|&#xa903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT SIX|&#xa906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT NINE|&#xa909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER KA|&#xa90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER KHA|&#xa90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER GA|&#xa90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NGA|&#xa90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER SA|&#xa90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER SHA|&#xa90f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A91x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER ZA|&#xa910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NYA|&#xa911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER TA|&#xa912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER HTA|&#xa913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NA|&#xa914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER PA|&#xa915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER PHA|&#xa916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER MA|&#xa917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER DA|&#xa918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER BA|&#xa919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER RA|&#xa91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER YA|&#xa91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER LA|&#xa91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER WA|&#xa91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER THA|&#xa91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER HA|&#xa91f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A92x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER VA|&#xa920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER CA|&#xa921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER A|&#xa922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER OE|&#xa923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER I|&#xa924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER OO|&#xa925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL UE|&#xa926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL E|&#xa927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL U|&#xa928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL EE|&#xa929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL O|&#xa92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE PLOPHU|&#xa92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE CALYA|&#xa92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE CALYA PLOPHU|&#xa92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI SIGN CWI|&#xa92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI SIGN SHYA|&#xa92f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Rejang''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A93x |{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER KA|&#xa930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER GA|&#xa931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NGA|&#xa932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER TA|&#xa933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER DA|&#xa934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NA|&#xa935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER PA|&#xa936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER BA|&#xa937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER MA|&#xa938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER CA|&#xa939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER JA|&#xa93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NYA|&#xa93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER SA|&#xa93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER RA|&#xa93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER LA|&#xa93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER YA|&#xa93f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|A94x |{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER WA|&#xa940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER HA|&#xa941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER MBA|&#xa942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NGGA|&#xa943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NDA|&#xa944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NYJA|&#xa945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER A|&#xa946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN E|&#xa949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xa94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN O|&#xa94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xa94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN EU|&#xa94d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN EA|&#xa94e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN NG|&#xa94f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|A95x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN N|&#xa950;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN R|&#xa951;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN H|&#xa952;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VIRAMA|&#xa953;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG SECTION MARK|&#xa95f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A96x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-MIEUM|&#xa960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-PIEUP|&#xa961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-SIOS|&#xa962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-CIEUC|&#xa963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK|&#xa964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGKIYEOK|&#xa965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT|&#xa966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGTIKEUT|&#xa967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM|&#xa968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP|&#xa969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGPIEUP|&#xa96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&#xa96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SIOS|&#xa96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-CIEUC|&#xa96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KHIEUKH|&#xa96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-KIYEOK|&#xa96f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A97x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-TIKEUT|&#xa970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-SIOS|&#xa971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-THIEUTH|&#xa972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-KHIEUKH|&#xa973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-HIEUH|&#xa974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGSIOS-PIEUP|&#xa975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-RIEUL|&#xa976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-HIEUH|&#xa977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGCIEUC-HIEUH|&#xa978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGTHIEUTH|&#xa979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH-HIEUH|&#xa97a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG HIEUH-SIOS|&#xa97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGYEORINHIEUH|&#xa97c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Javanese''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff;height:40px"|A98x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN PANYANGGA|&#xa980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN CECAK|&#xa981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR|&#xa982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN WIGNYAN|&#xa983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER A|&#xa984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER I KAWI|&#xa985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER I|&#xa986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER II|&#xa987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER U|&#xa988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA CEREK|&#xa989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET|&#xa98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET RASWADI|&#xa98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER E|&#xa98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER AI|&#xa98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER O|&#xa98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA|&#xa98f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff;height:40px"|A99x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA SASAK|&#xa990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA MURDA|&#xa991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER GA|&#xa992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER GA MURDA|&#xa993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA|&#xa994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER CA|&#xa995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER CA MURDA|&#xa996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER JA|&#xa997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NYA MURDA|&#xa998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER JA MAHAPRANA|&#xa999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NYA|&#xa99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TTA|&#xa99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TTA MAHAPRANA|&#xa99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DDA|&#xa99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DDA MAHAPRANA|&#xa99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA|&#xa99f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|A9Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TA|&#xa9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TA MURDA|&#xa9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DA|&#xa9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DA MAHAPRANA|&#xa9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NA|&#xa9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA|&#xa9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA MURDA|&#xa9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER BA|&#xa9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER BA MURDA|&#xa9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER MA|&#xa9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER YA|&#xa9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER RA|&#xa9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER RA AGUNG|&#xa9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER LA|&#xa9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER WA|&#xa9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA MURDA|&#xa9af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff;height:40px"|A9Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA|&#xa9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA|&#xa9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER HA|&#xa9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU|&#xa9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG|&#xa9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG|&#xa9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU|&#xa9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU MELIK|&#xa9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU|&#xa9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU MENDUT|&#xa9b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING|&#xa9ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN DIRGA MURE|&#xa9bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET|&#xa9bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN KERET|&#xa9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN PENGKAL|&#xa9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN CAKRA|&#xa9bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff;height:40px"|A9Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PANGKON|&#xa9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LEFT RERENGGAN|&#xa9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE RIGHT RERENGGAN|&#xa9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ANDAP|&#xa9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA MADYA|&#xa9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LUHUR|&#xa9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA WINDU|&#xa9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA PANGKAT|&#xa9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LINGSA|&#xa9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI|&#xa9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ADEG|&#xa9ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ADEG ADEG|&#xa9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA PISELEH|&#xa9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE TURNED PADA PISELEH|&#xa9cd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PANGRANGKEP|&#xa9cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff;height:28px"|A9Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT ZERO|&#xa9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT ONE|&#xa9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT TWO|&#xa9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT THREE|&#xa9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT FOUR|&#xa9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT FIVE|&#xa9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT SIX|&#xa9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT NINE|&#xa9d9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA TIRTA TUMETES|&#xa9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ISEN-ISEN|&#xa9df;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Myanmar Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|A9Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN GHA|&#xa9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CHA|&#xa9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN JHA|&#xa9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NNA|&#xa9e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN BHA|&#xa9e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN SAW|&#xa9e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR MODIFIER LETTER SHAN REDUPLICATION|&#xa9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING NYA|&#xa9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING FA|&#xa9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING GA|&#xa9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING GHA|&#xa9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING JA|&#xa9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING JHA|&#xa9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DDA|&#xa9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DDHA|&#xa9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING NNA|&#xa9ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|A9Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT ZERO|&#xa9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT ONE|&#xa9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT TWO|&#xa9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT THREE|&#xa9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT FOUR|&#xa9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT FIVE|&#xa9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT SIX|&#xa9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT NINE|&#xa9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING LLA|&#xa9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DA|&#xa9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DHA|&#xa9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING BA|&#xa9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING BHA|&#xa9fe;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cham''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER A|&#xaa00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER I|&#xaa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER U|&#xaa02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER E|&#xaa03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER AI|&#xaa04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER O|&#xaa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER KA|&#xaa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER KHA|&#xaa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER GA|&#xaa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER GHA|&#xaa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NGUE|&#xaa0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NGA|&#xaa0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER CHA|&#xaa0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER CHHA|&#xaa0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER JA|&#xaa0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER JHA|&#xaa0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHUE|&#xaa10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHA|&#xaa11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHJA|&#xaa12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER TA|&#xaa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER THA|&#xaa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DA|&#xaa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DHA|&#xaa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NUE|&#xaa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NA|&#xaa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DDA|&#xaa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PA|&#xaa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PPA|&#xaa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PHA|&#xaa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BA|&#xaa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BHA|&#xaa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER MUE|&#xaa1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER MA|&#xaa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BBA|&#xaa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER YA|&#xaa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER RA|&#xaa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER LA|&#xaa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER VA|&#xaa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER SSA|&#xaa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER SA|&#xaa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER HA|&#xaa28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xaa29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#xaa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#xaa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN EI|&#xaa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#xaa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN OE|&#xaa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#xaa2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA3x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xaa30;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xaa31;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN UE|&#xaa32;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN YA|&#xaa33;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN RA|&#xaa34;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN LA|&#xaa35;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN WA|&#xaa36;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL K|&#xaa40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL G|&#xaa41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL NG|&#xaa42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL NG|&#xaa43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL CH|&#xaa44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL T|&#xaa45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL N|&#xaa46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL P|&#xaa47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL Y|&#xaa48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL R|&#xaa49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL L|&#xaa4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL SS|&#xaa4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL M|&#xaa4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL H|&#xaa4d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT ZERO|&#xaa50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT ONE|&#xaa51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT TWO|&#xaa52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT THREE|&#xaa53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT FOUR|&#xaa54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT FIVE|&#xaa55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT SIX|&#xaa56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#xaa57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#xaa58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT NINE|&#xaa59;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION SPIRAL|&#xaa5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION DANDA|&#xaa5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DANDA|&#xaa5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION TRIPLE DANDA|&#xaa5f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Myanmar Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA|&#xaa60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA|&#xaa61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA|&#xaa62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA|&#xaa63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA|&#xaa64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA|&#xaa65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA|&#xaa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTHA|&#xaa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DDA|&#xaa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DDHA|&#xaa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DHA|&#xaa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA|&#xaa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA|&#xaa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI HA|&#xaa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI HHA|&#xaa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA|&#xaa6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca;height:30px" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR MODIFIER LETTER KHAMTI REDUPLICATION|&#xaa70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI XA|&#xaa71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI ZA|&#xaa72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI RA|&#xaa73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI OAY|&#xaa74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI QN|&#xaa75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI HM|&#xaa76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON EXCLAMATION|&#xaa77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON ONE|&#xaa78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON TWO|&#xaa79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA|&#xaa7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN PAO KAREN TONE|&#xaa7b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN TAI LAING TONE-2|&#xaa7c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN TAI LAING TONE-5|&#xaa7d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHWE PALAUNG CHA|&#xaa7e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHWE PALAUNG SHA|&#xaa7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tai Viet''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KO|&#xaa80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KO|&#xaa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KHO|&#xaa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KHO|&#xaa83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KHHO|&#xaa84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KHHO|&#xaa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW GO|&#xaa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH GO|&#xaa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NGO|&#xaa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NGO|&#xaa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW CO|&#xaa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH CO|&#xaa8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW CHO|&#xaa8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH CHO|&#xaa8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW SO|&#xaa8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH SO|&#xaa8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|AA9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NYO|&#xaa90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NYO|&#xaa91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW DO|&#xaa92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH DO|&#xaa93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW TO|&#xaa94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH TO|&#xaa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW THO|&#xaa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH THO|&#xaa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NO|&#xaa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NO|&#xaa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW BO|&#xaa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH BO|&#xaa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW PO|&#xaa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH PO|&#xaa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW PHO|&#xaa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH PHO|&#xaa9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|AAAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW FO|&#xaaa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH FO|&#xaaa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW MO|&#xaaa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH MO|&#xaaa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW YO|&#xaaa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH YO|&#xaaa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW RO|&#xaaa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH RO|&#xaaa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW LO|&#xaaa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH LO|&#xaaa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW VO|&#xaaaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH VO|&#xaaab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW HO|&#xaaac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH HO|&#xaaad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW O|&#xaaae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH O|&#xaaaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|AABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET MAI KANG|&#xaab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AA|&#xaab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL I|&#xaab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UE|&#xaab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL U|&#xaab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL E|&#xaab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL O|&#xaab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET MAI KHIT|&#xaab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL IA|&#xaab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UEA|&#xaab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UA|&#xaaba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AUE|&#xaabb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AY|&#xaabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AN|&#xaabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AM|&#xaabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI EK|&#xaabf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AACx |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI NUENG|&#xaac0;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI THO|&#xaac1;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI SONG|&#xaac2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AADx ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL KON|&#xaadb;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL NUENG|&#xaadc;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL SAM|&#xaadd;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL HO HOI|&#xaade;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL KOI KOI|&#xaadf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AAEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER E|&#xaae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER O|&#xaae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER CHA|&#xaae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NYA|&#xaae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TTA|&#xaae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TTHA|&#xaae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DDA|&#xaae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DDHA|&#xaae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NNA|&#xaae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SHA|&#xaae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SSA|&#xaaea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN II|&#xaaeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xaaec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AAI|&#xaaed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xaaee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AAU|&#xaaef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AAFx |style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK CHEIKHAN|&#xaaf0;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK AHANG KHUDAM|&#xaaf1;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK ANJI|&#xaaf2;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK SYLLABLE REPETITION MARK|&#xaaf3;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK WORD REPETITION MARK|&#xaaf4;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN VISARGA|&#xaaf5;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VIRAMA|&#xaaf6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB0x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHU|&#xab01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHI|&#xab02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHAA|&#xab03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHEE|&#xab04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHE|&#xab05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHO|&#xab06;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHU|&#xab09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHI|&#xab0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHAA|&#xab0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHEE|&#xab0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHE|&#xab0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHO|&#xab0e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB1x |&nbsp;||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZU|&#xab11;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZI|&#xab12;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZAA|&#xab13;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZEE|&#xab14;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZE|&#xab15;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZO|&#xab16;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHA|&#xab20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHU|&#xab21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHI|&#xab22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHAA|&#xab23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHEE|&#xab24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHE|&#xab25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHO|&#xab26;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBA|&#xab28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBU|&#xab29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBI|&#xab2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBAA|&#xab2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBEE|&#xab2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBE|&#xab2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBO|&#xab2e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-E''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED ALPHA|&#xab30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A REVERSED-SCHWA|&#xab31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER E|&#xab32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E|&#xab33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH FLOURISH|&#xab34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LENIS F|&#xab35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH INVERTED LAZY S|&#xab37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE MIDDLE TILDE|&#xab38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE RING|&#xab39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER O|&#xab3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xab3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O WITH STROKE|&#xab3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INVERTED OE|&#xab40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OE WITH STROKE|&#xab41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OE WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#xab42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED O OPEN-O|&#xab43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED O OPEN-O WITH STROKE|&#xab44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER STIRRUP R|&#xab45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH RIGHT LEG|&#xab46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITHOUT HANDLE|&#xab47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE R|&#xab48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE R WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#xab4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT R|&#xab4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT R WITH RING|&#xab4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BASELINE ESH|&#xab4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&#xab4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&#xab4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UI|&#xab50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED UI|&#xab51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH LEFT HOOK|&#xab52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI|&#xab53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI WITH LOW RIGHT RING|&#xab54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI WITH LOW LEFT SERIF|&#xab55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LOW RIGHT RING|&#xab56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG|&#xab57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG AND LOW RIGHT RING|&#xab58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG WITH SERIF|&#xab59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&#xab5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER BREVE WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#xab5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL HENG|&#xab5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH INVERTED LAZY S|&#xab5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#xab5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U WITH LEFT HOOK|&#xab5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB6x |style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SAKHA YAT|&#xab60;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#xab61;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN OE|&#xab62;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UO|&#xab63;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INVERTED ALPHA|&#xab64;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OMEGA|&#xab65;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#xab66;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#xab67;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#xab68;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER SMALL TURNED W|&#xab69;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT TACK|&#xab6a;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT TACK|&#xab6b;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cherokee Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER A|&#xab70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER E|&#xab71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER I|&#xab72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER O|&#xab73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER U|&#xab74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER V|&#xab75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GA|&#xab76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER KA|&#xab77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GE|&#xab78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GI|&#xab79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GO|&#xab7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GU|&#xab7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GV|&#xab7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HA|&#xab7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HE|&#xab7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HI|&#xab7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HO|&#xab80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HU|&#xab81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HV|&#xab82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LA|&#xab83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LE|&#xab84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LI|&#xab85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LO|&#xab86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LU|&#xab87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LV|&#xab88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MA|&#xab89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER ME|&#xab8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MI|&#xab8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MO|&#xab8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MU|&#xab8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NA|&#xab8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HNA|&#xab8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|AB9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NAH|&#xab90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NE|&#xab91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NI|&#xab92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NO|&#xab93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NU|&#xab94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NV|&#xab95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUA|&#xab96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUE|&#xab97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUI|&#xab98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUO|&#xab99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUU|&#xab9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUV|&#xab9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SA|&#xab9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER S|&#xab9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SE|&#xab9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SI|&#xab9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SO|&#xaba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SU|&#xaba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SV|&#xaba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DA|&#xaba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TA|&#xaba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DE|&#xaba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TE|&#xaba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DI|&#xaba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TI|&#xaba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DO|&#xaba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DU|&#xabaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DV|&#xabab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DLA|&#xabac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLA|&#xabad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLE|&#xabae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLI|&#xabaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLO|&#xabb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLU|&#xabb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLV|&#xabb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSA|&#xabb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSE|&#xabb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSI|&#xabb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSO|&#xabb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSU|&#xabb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSV|&#xabb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WA|&#xabb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WE|&#xabba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WI|&#xabbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WO|&#xabbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WU|&#xabbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WV|&#xabbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YA|&#xabbf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Meetei Mayek''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KOK|&#xabc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SAM|&#xabc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER LAI|&#xabc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER MIT|&#xabc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PA|&#xabc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NA|&#xabc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER CHIL|&#xabc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TIL|&#xabc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KHOU|&#xabc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NGOU|&#xabc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER THOU|&#xabca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER WAI|&#xabcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER YANG|&#xabcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER HUK|&#xabcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER UN|&#xabce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER I|&#xabcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PHAM|&#xabd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER ATIYA|&#xabd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER GOK|&#xabd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER JHAM|&#xabd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER RAI|&#xabd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER BA|&#xabd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER JIL|&#xabd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DIL|&#xabd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER GHOU|&#xabd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DHOU|&#xabd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER BHAM|&#xabda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KOK LONSUM|&#xabdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER LAI LONSUM|&#xabdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER MIT LONSUM|&#xabdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PA LONSUM|&#xabde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NA LONSUM|&#xabdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TIL LONSUM|&#xabe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NGOU LONSUM|&#xabe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER I LONSUM|&#xabe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN ONAP|&#xabe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN INAP|&#xabe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN ANAP|&#xabe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN YENAP|&#xabe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN SOUNAP|&#xabe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN UNAP|&#xabe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN CHEINAP|&#xabe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN NUNG|&#xabea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK CHEIKHEI|&#xabeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LUM IYEK|&#xabec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK APUN IYEK|&#xabed;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|ABFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT ZERO|&#xabf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT ONE|&#xabf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT TWO|&#xabf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT THREE|&#xabf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT FOUR|&#xabf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT FIVE|&#xabf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT SIX|&#xabf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT SEVEN|&#xabf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT EIGHT|&#xabf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT NINE|&#xabf9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hangul Syllables''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GA|&#xac00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAG|&#xac01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAGG|&#xac02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAGS|&#xac03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAN|&#xac04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANJ|&#xac05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANH|&#xac06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAD|&#xac07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAL|&#xac08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALG|&#xac09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALM|&#xac0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALB|&#xac0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALS|&#xac0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALT|&#xac0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALP|&#xac0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALH|&#xac0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAM|&#xac10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAB|&#xac11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GABS|&#xac12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAS|&#xac13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GASS|&#xac14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANG|&#xac15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAJ|&#xac16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAC|&#xac17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAK|&#xac18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAT|&#xac19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAP|&#xac1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAH|&#xac1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAE|&#xac1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEG|&#xac1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEGG|&#xac1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEGS|&#xac1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEN|&#xac20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENJ|&#xac21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENH|&#xac22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAED|&#xac23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEL|&#xac24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELG|&#xac25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELM|&#xac26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELB|&#xac27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELS|&#xac28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELT|&#xac29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELP|&#xac2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELH|&#xac2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEM|&#xac2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEB|&#xac2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEBS|&#xac2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAES|&#xac2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAESS|&#xac30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENG|&#xac31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEJ|&#xac32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEC|&#xac33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEK|&#xac34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAET|&#xac35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEP|&#xac36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEH|&#xac37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYA|&#xac38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAG|&#xac39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAGG|&#xac3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAGS|&#xac3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAN|&#xac3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANJ|&#xac3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANH|&#xac3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAD|&#xac3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAL|&#xac40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALG|&#xac41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALM|&#xac42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALB|&#xac43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALS|&#xac44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALT|&#xac45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALP|&#xac46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALH|&#xac47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAM|&#xac48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAB|&#xac49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYABS|&#xac4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAS|&#xac4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYASS|&#xac4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANG|&#xac4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAJ|&#xac4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAC|&#xac4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAK|&#xac50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAT|&#xac51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAP|&#xac52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAH|&#xac53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAE|&#xac54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEG|&#xac55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEGG|&#xac56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEGS|&#xac57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEN|&#xac58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENJ|&#xac59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENH|&#xac5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAED|&#xac5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEL|&#xac5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELG|&#xac5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELM|&#xac5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELB|&#xac5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELS|&#xac60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELT|&#xac61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELP|&#xac62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELH|&#xac63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEM|&#xac64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEB|&#xac65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEBS|&#xac66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAES|&#xac67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAESS|&#xac68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENG|&#xac69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEJ|&#xac6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEC|&#xac6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEK|&#xac6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAET|&#xac6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEP|&#xac6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEH|&#xac6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEO|&#xac70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOG|&#xac71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOGG|&#xac72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOGS|&#xac73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEON|&#xac74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONJ|&#xac75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONH|&#xac76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOD|&#xac77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOL|&#xac78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLG|&#xac79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLM|&#xac7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLB|&#xac7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLS|&#xac7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLT|&#xac7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLP|&#xac7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLH|&#xac7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOM|&#xac80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOB|&#xac81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOBS|&#xac82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOS|&#xac83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOSS|&#xac84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONG|&#xac85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOJ|&#xac86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOC|&#xac87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOK|&#xac88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOT|&#xac89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOP|&#xac8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOH|&#xac8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GE|&#xac8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEG|&#xac8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEGG|&#xac8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEGS|&#xac8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEN|&#xac90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENJ|&#xac91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENH|&#xac92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GED|&#xac93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEL|&#xac94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELG|&#xac95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELM|&#xac96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELB|&#xac97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELS|&#xac98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELT|&#xac99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELP|&#xac9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELH|&#xac9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEM|&#xac9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEB|&#xac9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEBS|&#xac9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GES|&#xac9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GESS|&#xaca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENG|&#xaca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEJ|&#xaca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEC|&#xaca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEK|&#xaca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GET|&#xaca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEP|&#xaca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEH|&#xaca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEO|&#xaca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOG|&#xaca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOGG|&#xacaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOGS|&#xacab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEON|&#xacac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONJ|&#xacad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONH|&#xacae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOD|&#xacaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOL|&#xacb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLG|&#xacb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLM|&#xacb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLB|&#xacb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLS|&#xacb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLT|&#xacb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLP|&#xacb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLH|&#xacb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOM|&#xacb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOB|&#xacb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOBS|&#xacba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOS|&#xacbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOSS|&#xacbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONG|&#xacbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOJ|&#xacbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOC|&#xacbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOK|&#xacc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOT|&#xacc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOP|&#xacc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOH|&#xacc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYE|&#xacc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEG|&#xacc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEGG|&#xacc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEGS|&#xacc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEN|&#xacc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENJ|&#xacc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENH|&#xacca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYED|&#xaccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEL|&#xaccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELG|&#xaccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELM|&#xacce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELB|&#xaccf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELS|&#xacd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELT|&#xacd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELP|&#xacd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELH|&#xacd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEM|&#xacd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEB|&#xacd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEBS|&#xacd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYES|&#xacd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYESS|&#xacd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENG|&#xacd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEJ|&#xacda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEC|&#xacdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEK|&#xacdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYET|&#xacdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEP|&#xacde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEH|&#xacdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GO|&#xace0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOG|&#xace1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOGG|&#xace2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOGS|&#xace3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GON|&#xace4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONJ|&#xace5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONH|&#xace6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOD|&#xace7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOL|&#xace8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLG|&#xace9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLM|&#xacea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLB|&#xaceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLS|&#xacec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLT|&#xaced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLP|&#xacee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLH|&#xacef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ACFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOM|&#xacf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOB|&#xacf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOBS|&#xacf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOS|&#xacf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOSS|&#xacf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONG|&#xacf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOJ|&#xacf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOC|&#xacf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOK|&#xacf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOT|&#xacf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOP|&#xacfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOH|&#xacfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWA|&#xacfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAG|&#xacfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAGG|&#xacfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAGS|&#xacff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAN|&#xad00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANJ|&#xad01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANH|&#xad02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAD|&#xad03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAL|&#xad04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALG|&#xad05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALM|&#xad06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALB|&#xad07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALS|&#xad08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALT|&#xad09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALP|&#xad0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALH|&#xad0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAM|&#xad0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAB|&#xad0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWABS|&#xad0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAS|&#xad0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWASS|&#xad10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANG|&#xad11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAJ|&#xad12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAC|&#xad13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAK|&#xad14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAT|&#xad15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAP|&#xad16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAH|&#xad17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAE|&#xad18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEG|&#xad19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEGG|&#xad1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEGS|&#xad1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEN|&#xad1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENJ|&#xad1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENH|&#xad1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAED|&#xad1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEL|&#xad20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELG|&#xad21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELM|&#xad22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELB|&#xad23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELS|&#xad24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELT|&#xad25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELP|&#xad26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELH|&#xad27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEM|&#xad28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEB|&#xad29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEBS|&#xad2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAES|&#xad2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAESS|&#xad2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENG|&#xad2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEJ|&#xad2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEC|&#xad2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEK|&#xad30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAET|&#xad31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEP|&#xad32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEH|&#xad33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOE|&#xad34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEG|&#xad35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEGG|&#xad36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEGS|&#xad37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEN|&#xad38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENJ|&#xad39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENH|&#xad3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOED|&#xad3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEL|&#xad3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELG|&#xad3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELM|&#xad3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELB|&#xad3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELS|&#xad40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELT|&#xad41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELP|&#xad42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELH|&#xad43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEM|&#xad44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEB|&#xad45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEBS|&#xad46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOES|&#xad47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOESS|&#xad48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENG|&#xad49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEJ|&#xad4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEC|&#xad4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEK|&#xad4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOET|&#xad4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEP|&#xad4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEH|&#xad4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYO|&#xad50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOG|&#xad51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOGG|&#xad52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOGS|&#xad53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYON|&#xad54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONJ|&#xad55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONH|&#xad56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOD|&#xad57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOL|&#xad58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLG|&#xad59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLM|&#xad5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLB|&#xad5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLS|&#xad5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLT|&#xad5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLP|&#xad5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLH|&#xad5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOM|&#xad60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOB|&#xad61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOBS|&#xad62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOS|&#xad63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOSS|&#xad64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONG|&#xad65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOJ|&#xad66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOC|&#xad67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOK|&#xad68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOT|&#xad69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOP|&#xad6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOH|&#xad6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GU|&#xad6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUG|&#xad6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUGG|&#xad6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUGS|&#xad6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUN|&#xad70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNJ|&#xad71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNH|&#xad72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUD|&#xad73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUL|&#xad74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULG|&#xad75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULM|&#xad76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULB|&#xad77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULS|&#xad78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULT|&#xad79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULP|&#xad7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULH|&#xad7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUM|&#xad7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUB|&#xad7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUBS|&#xad7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUS|&#xad7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUSS|&#xad80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNG|&#xad81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUJ|&#xad82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUC|&#xad83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUK|&#xad84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUT|&#xad85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUP|&#xad86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUH|&#xad87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEO|&#xad88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOG|&#xad89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOGG|&#xad8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOGS|&#xad8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEON|&#xad8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONJ|&#xad8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONH|&#xad8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOD|&#xad8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AD9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOL|&#xad90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLG|&#xad91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLM|&#xad92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLB|&#xad93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLS|&#xad94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLT|&#xad95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLP|&#xad96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLH|&#xad97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOM|&#xad98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOB|&#xad99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOBS|&#xad9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOS|&#xad9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOSS|&#xad9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONG|&#xad9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOJ|&#xad9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOC|&#xad9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOK|&#xada0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOT|&#xada1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOP|&#xada2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOH|&#xada3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWE|&#xada4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEG|&#xada5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEGG|&#xada6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEGS|&#xada7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEN|&#xada8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENJ|&#xada9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENH|&#xadaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWED|&#xadab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEL|&#xadac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELG|&#xadad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELM|&#xadae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELB|&#xadaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELS|&#xadb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELT|&#xadb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELP|&#xadb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELH|&#xadb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEM|&#xadb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEB|&#xadb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEBS|&#xadb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWES|&#xadb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWESS|&#xadb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENG|&#xadb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEJ|&#xadba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEC|&#xadbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEK|&#xadbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWET|&#xadbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEP|&#xadbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEH|&#xadbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWI|&#xadc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIG|&#xadc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIGG|&#xadc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIGS|&#xadc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIN|&#xadc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWINJ|&#xadc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWINH|&#xadc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWID|&#xadc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIL|&#xadc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILG|&#xadc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILM|&#xadca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILB|&#xadcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILS|&#xadcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILT|&#xadcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILP|&#xadce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILH|&#xadcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIM|&#xadd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIB|&#xadd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIBS|&#xadd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIS|&#xadd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWISS|&#xadd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWING|&#xadd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIJ|&#xadd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIC|&#xadd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIK|&#xadd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIT|&#xadd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIP|&#xadda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIH|&#xaddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYU|&#xaddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUG|&#xaddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUGG|&#xadde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUGS|&#xaddf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUN|&#xade0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNJ|&#xade1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNH|&#xade2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUD|&#xade3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUL|&#xade4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULG|&#xade5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULM|&#xade6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULB|&#xade7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULS|&#xade8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULT|&#xade9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULP|&#xadea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULH|&#xadeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUM|&#xadec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUB|&#xaded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUBS|&#xadee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUS|&#xadef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|ADFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUSS|&#xadf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNG|&#xadf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUJ|&#xadf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUC|&#xadf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUK|&#xadf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUT|&#xadf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUP|&#xadf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUH|&#xadf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEU|&#xadf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUG|&#xadf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUGG|&#xadfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUGS|&#xadfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUN|&#xadfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNJ|&#xadfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNH|&#xadfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUD|&#xadff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL|&#xae00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULG|&#xae01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULM|&#xae02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULB|&#xae03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULS|&#xae04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULT|&#xae05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULP|&#xae06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULH|&#xae07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUM|&#xae08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUB|&#xae09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUBS|&#xae0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUS|&#xae0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUSS|&#xae0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNG|&#xae0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUJ|&#xae0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUC|&#xae0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUK|&#xae10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUT|&#xae11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUP|&#xae12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUH|&#xae13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYI|&#xae14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIG|&#xae15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIGG|&#xae16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIGS|&#xae17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIN|&#xae18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYINJ|&#xae19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYINH|&#xae1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYID|&#xae1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIL|&#xae1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILG|&#xae1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILM|&#xae1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILB|&#xae1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILS|&#xae20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILT|&#xae21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILP|&#xae22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILH|&#xae23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIM|&#xae24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIB|&#xae25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIBS|&#xae26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIS|&#xae27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYISS|&#xae28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYING|&#xae29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIJ|&#xae2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIC|&#xae2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIK|&#xae2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIT|&#xae2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIP|&#xae2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIH|&#xae2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GI|&#xae30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIG|&#xae31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIGG|&#xae32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIGS|&#xae33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIN|&#xae34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GINJ|&#xae35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GINH|&#xae36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GID|&#xae37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIL|&#xae38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILG|&#xae39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILM|&#xae3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILB|&#xae3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILS|&#xae3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILT|&#xae3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILP|&#xae3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILH|&#xae3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIM|&#xae40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIB|&#xae41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIBS|&#xae42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIS|&#xae43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GISS|&#xae44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GING|&#xae45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIJ|&#xae46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIC|&#xae47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIK|&#xae48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIT|&#xae49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIP|&#xae4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIH|&#xae4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGA|&#xae4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAG|&#xae4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAGG|&#xae4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAGS|&#xae4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAN|&#xae50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANJ|&#xae51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANH|&#xae52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAD|&#xae53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAL|&#xae54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALG|&#xae55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALM|&#xae56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALB|&#xae57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALS|&#xae58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALT|&#xae59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALP|&#xae5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALH|&#xae5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAM|&#xae5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAB|&#xae5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGABS|&#xae5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAS|&#xae5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGASS|&#xae60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANG|&#xae61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAJ|&#xae62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAC|&#xae63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAK|&#xae64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAT|&#xae65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAP|&#xae66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAH|&#xae67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAE|&#xae68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEG|&#xae69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEGG|&#xae6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEGS|&#xae6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEN|&#xae6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENJ|&#xae6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENH|&#xae6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAED|&#xae6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEL|&#xae70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELG|&#xae71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELM|&#xae72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELB|&#xae73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELS|&#xae74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELT|&#xae75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELP|&#xae76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELH|&#xae77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEM|&#xae78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEB|&#xae79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEBS|&#xae7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAES|&#xae7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAESS|&#xae7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENG|&#xae7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEJ|&#xae7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEC|&#xae7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEK|&#xae80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAET|&#xae81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEP|&#xae82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEH|&#xae83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYA|&#xae84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAG|&#xae85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAGG|&#xae86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAGS|&#xae87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAN|&#xae88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANJ|&#xae89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANH|&#xae8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAD|&#xae8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAL|&#xae8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALG|&#xae8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALM|&#xae8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALB|&#xae8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AE9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALS|&#xae90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALT|&#xae91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALP|&#xae92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALH|&#xae93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAM|&#xae94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAB|&#xae95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYABS|&#xae96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAS|&#xae97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYASS|&#xae98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANG|&#xae99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAJ|&#xae9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAC|&#xae9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAK|&#xae9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAT|&#xae9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAP|&#xae9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAH|&#xae9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AEAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAE|&#xaea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEG|&#xaea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEGG|&#xaea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEGS|&#xaea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEN|&#xaea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENJ|&#xaea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENH|&#xaea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAED|&#xaea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEL|&#xaea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELG|&#xaea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELM|&#xaeaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELB|&#xaeab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELS|&#xaeac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELT|&#xaead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELP|&#xaeae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELH|&#xaeaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AEBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEM|&#xaeb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEB|&#xaeb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEBS|&#xaeb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAES|&#xaeb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAESS|&#xaeb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENG|&#xaeb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEJ|&#xaeb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEC|&#xaeb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEK|&#xaeb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAET|&#xaeb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEP|&#xaeba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEH|&#xaebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEO|&#xaebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOG|&#xaebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOGG|&#xaebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOGS|&#xaebf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEON|&#xaec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONJ|&#xaec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONH|&#xaec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOD|&#xaec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOL|&#xaec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLG|&#xaec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLM|&#xaec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLB|&#xaec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLS|&#xaec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLT|&#xaec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLP|&#xaeca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLH|&#xaecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOM|&#xaecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOB|&#xaecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOBS|&#xaece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOS|&#xaecf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AEDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOSS|&#xaed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONG|&#xaed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOJ|&#xaed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOC|&#xaed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOK|&#xaed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOT|&#xaed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOP|&#xaed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOH|&#xaed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGE|&#xaed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEG|&#xaed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEGG|&#xaeda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEGS|&#xaedb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEN|&#xaedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENJ|&#xaedd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENH|&#xaede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGED|&#xaedf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AEEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEL|&#xaee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELG|&#xaee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELM|&#xaee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELB|&#xaee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELS|&#xaee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELT|&#xaee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELP|&#xaee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELH|&#xaee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEM|&#xaee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEB|&#xaee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEBS|&#xaeea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGES|&#xaeeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGESS|&#xaeec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENG|&#xaeed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEJ|&#xaeee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEC|&#xaeef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AEFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEK|&#xaef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGET|&#xaef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEP|&#xaef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEH|&#xaef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEO|&#xaef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOG|&#xaef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOGG|&#xaef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOGS|&#xaef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEON|&#xaef8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONJ|&#xaef9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONH|&#xaefa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOD|&#xaefb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOL|&#xaefc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLG|&#xaefd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLM|&#xaefe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLB|&#xaeff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLS|&#xaf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLT|&#xaf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLP|&#xaf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLH|&#xaf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOM|&#xaf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOB|&#xaf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOBS|&#xaf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOS|&#xaf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOSS|&#xaf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONG|&#xaf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOJ|&#xaf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOC|&#xaf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOK|&#xaf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOT|&#xaf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOP|&#xaf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOH|&#xaf0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYE|&#xaf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEG|&#xaf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEGG|&#xaf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEGS|&#xaf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEN|&#xaf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENJ|&#xaf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENH|&#xaf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYED|&#xaf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEL|&#xaf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELG|&#xaf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELM|&#xaf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELB|&#xaf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELS|&#xaf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELT|&#xaf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELP|&#xaf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELH|&#xaf1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEM|&#xaf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEB|&#xaf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEBS|&#xaf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYES|&#xaf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYESS|&#xaf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENG|&#xaf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEJ|&#xaf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEC|&#xaf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEK|&#xaf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYET|&#xaf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEP|&#xaf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEH|&#xaf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGO|&#xaf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOG|&#xaf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOGG|&#xaf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOGS|&#xaf2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGON|&#xaf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONJ|&#xaf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONH|&#xaf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOD|&#xaf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOL|&#xaf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLG|&#xaf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLM|&#xaf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLB|&#xaf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLS|&#xaf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLT|&#xaf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLP|&#xaf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLH|&#xaf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOM|&#xaf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOB|&#xaf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOBS|&#xaf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOS|&#xaf3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOSS|&#xaf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONG|&#xaf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOJ|&#xaf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOC|&#xaf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOK|&#xaf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOT|&#xaf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOP|&#xaf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOH|&#xaf47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWA|&#xaf48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAG|&#xaf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAGG|&#xaf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAGS|&#xaf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAN|&#xaf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANJ|&#xaf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANH|&#xaf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAD|&#xaf4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAL|&#xaf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALG|&#xaf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALM|&#xaf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALB|&#xaf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALS|&#xaf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALT|&#xaf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALP|&#xaf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALH|&#xaf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAM|&#xaf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAB|&#xaf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWABS|&#xaf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAS|&#xaf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWASS|&#xaf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANG|&#xaf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAJ|&#xaf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAC|&#xaf5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAK|&#xaf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAT|&#xaf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAP|&#xaf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAH|&#xaf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAE|&#xaf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEG|&#xaf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEGG|&#xaf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEGS|&#xaf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEN|&#xaf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENJ|&#xaf69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENH|&#xaf6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAED|&#xaf6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEL|&#xaf6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELG|&#xaf6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELM|&#xaf6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELB|&#xaf6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELS|&#xaf70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELT|&#xaf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELP|&#xaf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELH|&#xaf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEM|&#xaf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEB|&#xaf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEBS|&#xaf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAES|&#xaf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAESS|&#xaf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENG|&#xaf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEJ|&#xaf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEC|&#xaf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEK|&#xaf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAET|&#xaf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEP|&#xaf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEH|&#xaf7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOE|&#xaf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEG|&#xaf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEGG|&#xaf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEGS|&#xaf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEN|&#xaf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENJ|&#xaf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENH|&#xaf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOED|&#xaf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEL|&#xaf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELG|&#xaf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELM|&#xaf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELB|&#xaf8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELS|&#xaf8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELT|&#xaf8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELP|&#xaf8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELH|&#xaf8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AF9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEM|&#xaf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEB|&#xaf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEBS|&#xaf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOES|&#xaf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOESS|&#xaf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENG|&#xaf95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEJ|&#xaf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEC|&#xaf97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEK|&#xaf98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOET|&#xaf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEP|&#xaf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEH|&#xaf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYO|&#xaf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOG|&#xaf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOGG|&#xaf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOGS|&#xaf9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYON|&#xafa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONJ|&#xafa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONH|&#xafa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOD|&#xafa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOL|&#xafa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLG|&#xafa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLM|&#xafa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLB|&#xafa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLS|&#xafa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLT|&#xafa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLP|&#xafaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLH|&#xafab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOM|&#xafac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOB|&#xafad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOBS|&#xafae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOS|&#xafaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOSS|&#xafb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONG|&#xafb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOJ|&#xafb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOC|&#xafb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOK|&#xafb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOT|&#xafb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOP|&#xafb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOH|&#xafb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGU|&#xafb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUG|&#xafb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUGG|&#xafba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUGS|&#xafbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUN|&#xafbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNJ|&#xafbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNH|&#xafbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUD|&#xafbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUL|&#xafc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULG|&#xafc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULM|&#xafc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULB|&#xafc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULS|&#xafc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULT|&#xafc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULP|&#xafc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULH|&#xafc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUM|&#xafc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUB|&#xafc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUBS|&#xafca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUS|&#xafcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUSS|&#xafcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNG|&#xafcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUJ|&#xafce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUC|&#xafcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUK|&#xafd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUT|&#xafd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUP|&#xafd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUH|&#xafd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEO|&#xafd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOG|&#xafd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOGG|&#xafd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOGS|&#xafd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEON|&#xafd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONJ|&#xafd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONH|&#xafda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOD|&#xafdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOL|&#xafdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLG|&#xafdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLM|&#xafde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLB|&#xafdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLS|&#xafe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLT|&#xafe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLP|&#xafe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLH|&#xafe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOM|&#xafe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOB|&#xafe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOBS|&#xafe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOS|&#xafe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOSS|&#xafe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONG|&#xafe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOJ|&#xafea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOC|&#xafeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOK|&#xafec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOT|&#xafed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOP|&#xafee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOH|&#xafef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc65d" !style="background:#ffffff"|AFFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWE|&#xaff0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEG|&#xaff1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEGG|&#xaff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEGS|&#xaff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEN|&#xaff4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWENJ|&#xaff5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWENH|&#xaff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWED|&#xaff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEL|&#xaff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELG|&#xaff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELM|&#xaffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELB|&#xaffb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELS|&#xaffc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELT|&#xaffd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELP|&#xaffe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELH|&#xafff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 1qktv8tvp1ff8avo7suitb4jm12go6v 10 80876 4633806 4421327 2026-05-03T10:24:24Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 removed wikinews 4633806 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><table class="ambox" style="border: 2px groove #ccf !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; margin: 1em auto; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"> <tr><th colspan="16" style="background: #dfefff;color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccf; text-align: center;">{{Tnavbar-header|Associated Wikimedia {{#if: {{{1|{{{Topic|}}}}}} | for {{{1|{{{Topic|}}}}}} | }}|Associated Wikimedia}}</th></tr><tr> {{#if: {{{Commons|}}}{{{Commons category|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[commons:Main Page|Commons]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikipedia|}}}{{{Wikipedia portal|}}}{{{Wikipedia category|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[w:Main Page|Wikipedia]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikiquote|}}}{{{Wikiquote category|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[q:Main Page|Wikiquote]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikisource|}}}{{{Wikisource portal|}}}{{{Wikisource category|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[s:Main Page|Wikisource]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikispecies|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[species:Main Page|Wikispecies]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikiversity school|}}}{{{Wikiversity portal|}}}{{{Wikiversity category|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[v:Main Page|Wikiversity]]</td> | }} {{#if: {{{Wiktionary|}}}{{{Wiktionary category|}}}{{{Wiktionary appendix|}}}{{{Wiktionary thesaurus|}}} | <td colspan="2">[[wikt:Main Page|Wiktionary]]</td> | }} </tr><tr> <!-- Commons --> {{#if:{{{Commons|}}}{{{Commons category|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|frameless|link=commons:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Commons|}}} | [[commons:{{{Commons}}}|Gallery]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Commons category|}}} | [[commons:Category:{{{Commons category}}}|Category]] | }}</td> }} <!-- Wikipedia --> {{#if:{{{Wikipedia|}}}{{{Wikipedia portal|}}}{{{Wikipedia category|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|35px|frameless|link=w:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Wikipedia|}}} | [[w:{{{Wikipedia}}}|Article]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikipedia portal|}}} | [[w:Portal:{{{Wikipedia portal}}}|Portal]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikipedia category|}}} | [[w:Category:{{{Wikipedia category}}}|Category]] | }}</td> }} <!-- Wikiquote --> {{#if:{{{Wikiquote|}}}{{{Wikiquote category|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|frameless|link=q:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Wikiquote|}}} | [[q:{{{Wikiquote}}}|Page]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikiquote category|}}} | [[q:Category:{{{Wikiquote category}}}|Category]] | }}</td> }} <!-- Wikisource --> {{#if:{{{Wikisource|}}}{{{Wikisource portal|}}}{{{Wikisource category|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|frameless|link=s:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Wikisource|}}} | [[s:{{{Wikisource}}}|Text]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikisource portal|}}} | [[s:Portal:{{{Wikisource portal}}}|Portal]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikisource category|}}} | [[s:Category:{{{Wikisource category}}}|Category]] | }}</td> }} <!-- Wikispecies --> {{#if:{{{Wikispecies|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|35px|frameless|link=species:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[species:{{{Wikispecies}}}|Organism]]</td>|}} <!-- Wikiversity --> {{#if:{{{Wikiversity school|}}}{{{Wikiversity portal|}}}{{{Wikiversity category|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wikiversity-logo.svg|35px|frameless|link=v:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Wikiversity school|}}} | [[v:School:{{{Wikiversity school}}}|School]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikiversity portal|}}} | [[v:Portal:{{{Wikiversity portal}}}|Portal]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wikiversity category|}}} | [[v:Category:{{{Wikiversity category}}}|Category]] | }}</td> }} <!-- Wiktionary --> {{#if:{{{Wiktionary|}}}{{{Wiktionary category|}}}{{{Wiktionary appendix|}}}{{{Wiktionary thesaurus|}}}|<td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-left: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">[[File:Wiktionary small.svg|35px|frameless|link=wikt:Main Page]]</td> <td style="margin: 0.1em 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">{{#if: {{{Wiktionary|}}} | [[wikt:{{{Wiktionary}}}|Definition]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wiktionary category|}}} | [[wikt:Category:{{{Wiktionary category}}}|Category]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wiktionary appendix|}}} | [[wikt:Appendix:{{{Wiktionary appendix}}}|Appendix]]<br /> | }} {{#if: {{{Wiktionary thesaurus|}}} | [[wikt:Thesaurus:{{{Wiktionary thesaurus}}}|Thesaurus]] | }}</td> }} </tr> <!-- Link types --><tr> {{#if:{{{Commons|}}}{{{Commons category|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Media</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wikipedia|}}}{{{Wikipedia portal|}}}{{{Wikipedia category|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Encyclopedia</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wikiquote|}}}{{{Wikiquote category|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Quotes</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wikisource|}}}{{{Wikisource portal|}}}{{{Wikisource category|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Texts</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wikispecies|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Species</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wikiversity school|}}}{{{Wikiversity portal|}}}{{{Wikiversity category|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Courses</td>|}} {{#if:{{{Wiktionary|}}}{{{Wiktionary category|}}}{{{Wiktionary appendix|}}}{{{Wiktionary thesaurus|}}}|<td colspan="2" style="color: #808080; font-size: 92%; font-style: italic;">Dictionary</td>|}} </tr></table></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 9p9gqvw99nuvxpw3515hnbxojsu51kq 102 83396 4633573 4615161 2026-05-03T01:34:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 add missing ingredient 4633573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary | Category = Vegetarian recipes | Servings = 1–2 | Time = 15 minutes | Rating = 2 | Difficulty = 2 | Image = [[File:Poha or Pauva or Spicy Rice Flakes WLF15.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of India|Cuisine of India]] | [[Cookbook:Vegan cuisine|Vegan cuisine]] '''Pohe''' is a very popular [[Cookbook:Breakfast|breakfast]] dish in the [[Cookbook:Cuisine of India|Indian]] states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. ==Ingredients== * 200 [[Cookbook:Gram|g]] thick pohe (flattened [[Cookbook:Rice|rice]]) * 2 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tbsp]] [[Cookbook:Oil|oil]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Mustard|rai (mustard seeds)]] * ¼ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Turmeric|haldi]] (turmeric powder) * 1 pinch [[Cookbook:Asafoetida|asafoetida]] powder * 2 Indian green [[Cookbook:Chiles|chiles]], finely [[Cookbook:Chopping|chopped]] * ½ medium-size [[Cookbook:Onion|onion]], finely chopped * 2 sprigs of [[Cookbook:Cilantro|cilantro]] (coriander) * [[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]] to taste ==Procedure== # Moisten the pohe with cold water by putting in a bowl and holding under a slow running tap. Mix by hand, then drain excess water and set aside (take care not to soak too long or the pohe would turn pasty). # Heat the oil in a [[Cookbook:Frying Pan|frying pan]] until medium hot. Add the mustard seeds and let them crackle for a few seconds # Add the turmeric powder and asafoetida and [[Cookbook:Frying|fry]] for a few seconds (take care not to burn the turmeric). # Add the green chillies and fry for a few seconds. # Add the chopped onion and lower the heat. Cover and cook for 2 minutes. The onions should turn soft but not brown. # The pohe that was kept aside should have absorbed the excess moisture by now. # Mix the pohe by hand so that the flakes do not stick together and add to the frying pan. # Add salt to taste and stir the contents of the fry pay so that the yellow color of the turmeric is spread evenly through the pohe. # Cover and cook for 5 minutes on low heat. Do not uncover during this time, as the pohe must cook in the steam. # Stir and cook for another 1 minute uncovered. # Serve in a bowl garnished with chopped coriander leaves. == Notes, tips, and variations == * When adding onions, you may also add fresh green [[Cookbook:Pea|peas]] and or [[Cookbook:Peanut|peanuts]]. If adding peanuts, take care to fry them well with the onions. * For [[Cookbook:Garnish|garnishing]], sprinkle some grated or dry [[Cookbook:Coconut|coconut]] along with coriander. For colourful garnish try adding small amount of grated [[Cookbook:Carrot|carrot]] and or [[Cookbook:Beet|beet]], but don't add too much, as it will be overpowering. [[Category:Vegan recipes]] [[Category:Indian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using rice]] [[Category:Recipes_with_metric_units|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Recipes using chile]] [[Category:Recipes using cilantro]] [[Category:Recipes using mustard seed]] p0jz4xetttehuaijt4e872ska3yfgcc 0 104168 4633517 4628835 2026-05-02T13:24:39Z JCrue 2226064 /* 3. d4 · Modern attack or Steinitz attack */ 4633517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |Modern attack |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C43]] |parent=[[../|Russian game]] }} == 3. d4 · Modern attack or Steinitz attack == The chief sideline to 3. Nxe5, with 3. d4 White seeks to open the centre immediately and offers Black their choice of pawns to capture. [[/3...exd4|'''3...exd4!?''']] is playable but less conventional as it allows 4. e5! to kick the knight. Typically this leads to trading both d- and e-pawns and opening the centre fully: the main continuation is 4...Ne4 5. Qxd4 (the '''Centre attack''') d5 (defends knight) 6. exd6 e.p. Nxd6 7. Nc3, although there are some sidelines (5. Qe2 was advocated by '''Steinitz'''; 5. Bb4+ is the '''Tal gambit'''). [[/3...Nxe4|'''3...Nxe4''']] is the main line and leads to a trade of e-pawns. White could retake immediately (4. Nxe5 or 4. exd4) but the normal move order is 4. Bd3 d5 5. Nxe5, where after ...d5 first Black doesn't have ...d6 to shoo the knight away. [[/3...d5|'''3...d5''']], the '''Symmetrical variation''', passes the decision on what to take first back to White. Since Black has played ...d5 of their own volition, White may choose 4. Nxe5 and the positions can transpose after 4...Nxe4 5. Bd3 (4...dxe4? 5. Bc4 [threatening Nxf7] Be6 6. Bxe6 fxe6 and Black has isolated double e-pawns{{chess/not|++}}). [[/3...d6|'''3...d6''']] transposes to the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nf6|Nimzowitsch variation of the Philidor defence]]. === History === Jaenisch credited Petrov with 3. d4,<ref name="jaenisch">{{Cite book |title=Jaenisch's chess preceptor: a new analysis of the openings of games |last=de Jaenisch |first=C. F. |publisher=Longman & co. |year=1847 |location=London |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn52dv&seq=5 |translator-last=Walker |translator-first=George}} (translation of {{Cite book |title=Analyse nouvelle des ouvertures du jeu des échecs |last=de Jaenisch |first=C. F. |publisher=Gartner |year=1842 |pages=126-147}})</ref> who had perhaps the earliest games with it.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1257912 Petrov v Allies, 1837 - Chessgames.com]; [https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1257913 Petrov v. Jaenisch, 1844 - Chessgames.com]</ref> A later advocate of the line was [[wikipedia:Wilhelm Steinitz|Steinitz]], who wrote in his 1889 book:<ref name="steinitz">{{Cite book |title=Modern Chess Instructor |last=Steintiz |first=Wilhelm |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |location=London |pages=116-139}}</ref> <blockquote>As regards its [2...Nf6] merits as a defence various authorities have expressed different opinions on the subject, but all agreed hitherto that 3 Kt×P [3. Nxe5] was White's best continuation though it was generally admitted that this line of attack only retained the advantage of the first move by proper play on the other side. We think however that the superior position at least can be proved for the first player by the attack 3 P—Q4 [3. d4] which has hitherto been almost ignored.</blockquote> Because of his endorsement, some opening books (e.g. Chess.com's opening explorer) give 3. d4 the appellation ''Steinitz attack'' instead. Others (e.g. Lichess.org's) reserve it for the continuation 3...exd4 4. e5 Ne4 5. Qe2, which Steinitz preferred to 5. Qxd4. 3. d4 particularly came into vogue in the 1990s, where it was adopted at the highest levels including by Kasparov<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?pid=15940&side=white&eco=C43 Garry Kasparov games in the Petrov, Modern Attack - Chessgames.com] including [https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1067286 Kasparov v. Karpov, 1990 - Chessgames.com]</ref> and Ivanchuk.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?pid=12183&side=white&eco=C43 Vasyl Ivanchuck games in the Petrov, Modern Attack - Chessgames.com]</ref> =Theory table= {{ChessTable}} '''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4''' <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <tr> <th></th> <th align="left">3</th> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...exd4|exd4]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...Nxe4|Nxe4]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...d5|d5]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> </table> {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{wikipedia|Petrov's Defence}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} ggsqcce9be3ly1r7dr8e1kx6yh6eja0 4 112405 4633797 4633490 2026-05-03T08:10:29Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 60 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/March]] 4633797 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Upcoming deployment of CampaignEvents extension to Wikibooks == <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, We are writing to inform you that the [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be deployed to all Wikibooks projects during the week of '''23 March 2026'''. This follows last year’s broader rollout across Wikimedia projects. We realized that Wikibooks was not included at the time, and we’re now addressing that to ensure consistency across all communities. The CampaignEvents extension provides tools to support event and campaign organization on-wiki, including features like on-wiki event registration and collaboration lists(global event list). We welcome any questions, feedback, or concerns you may have. We are also happy to support anyone interested in trying out the tools. ''Apologies if this message is not in your preferred language. If you’re able to help translate it for your community, please feel free to do so.'' <section end="message"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|discuss]]) 18:22, 19 March 2026 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/MM_target&oldid=30284073 --> == Regarding the project's FlaggedRevs extension == Hello, everyone. I want to discuss with the community about the use of this project's FlaggedRevs (flagged revisions) extension, which was deployed many years ago (and configured recently). === Many unreviewed edits, and edit quality options === According to [[Special:PendingChanges]], there are almost 4000 unreviewed edits (per the standard FlaggedRevs configuration). In addition, on the edit review interface when evaluating a diff, there are three radio buttons that determine the quality of the edit (minimal, average, good). Do we have to utilize these buttons if the quality of the edit or the book matters, according to [[WB:REVIEW]]? This proposal is to whether discontinue the edit rating buttons or not. One way to reduce such a large amount of unreviewed edits is to set the following to <code>true</code>: * <code>wgFlaggedRevsProtection</code> (pending changes protection, to be used on Wikijunior pages; this might negate the need to show the stable version by default) * (optional) <code>wgSimpleFlaggedRevsUI</code> (simpler, icon-based UI on the edit review interface) We should also include the following configuration (partially based from English Wikipedia), if this proposal passes: <syntaxhighlight lang="php"> elseif ( $wgDBname == 'enwikibooks' ) { // Limited to the main, Cookbook, and Wikijunior namespaces (T408110) $wgFlaggedRevsNamespaces = [ NS_MAIN, 102, 110 ]; # We have only one tag with one level $wgFlaggedRevsTags = [ 'status' => [ 'levels' => 1 ] ]; # Restrict autoconfirmed to flagging semi-protected $wgFlaggedRevsTagsRestrictions = [ 'status' => [ 'review' => 1, 'autoreview' => 1 ], ]; # Restriction levels for auto-review/review rights $wgFlaggedRevsRestrictionLevels = [ 'autoreview' ]; # Remove 'validate' from reviewers $wgGroupPermissions['reviewer']['validate'] = false; # Group permissions for sysops $wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['review'] = true; $wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['stablesettings'] = true; # Allow sysops to add and remove the 'reviewer' group $wgAddGroups['sysop'][] = 'reviewer'; $wgRemoveGroups['sysop'][] = 'reviewer'; # Remove the 'editor' user group unset( $wgGroupPermissions['editor'] ); } </syntaxhighlight> === Inactive reviewers === After conducting an audit of over 1000 reviewers, most, if not many of them are completely inactive. === User group changes for reviewers === The reviewer user group is known to the software as <code>editor</code>, which might sound misleading (the actual [[MediaWiki:Group-editor/qqq|/qqq definition]] is "Editors"). To fix that, we might have to consider switching to <code>reviewer</code> and unset <code>editor</code>. I am also not sure whether administrators should have the <code>validate</code> user right, since <code>reviewer</code> has it on by default (but it is currently disabled). On the above configuration I proposed, administrators (and users in the <code>reviewer</code> user group) would no longer have <code>validate</code>. === Page patrolling === Currently, only administrators can mark new pages as patrolled (<code>patrol</code>) by using the MediaWiki page patrol software, but clicking on "Accept revision" (via FlaggedRevs) would also mark the page as patrolled, in question. I believe that using FlaggedRevs to patrol new pages is redundant, given that we might not want to use one or the other. If we are considering on switching to pending changes, we should also allow reviewers to mark new pages as patrolled, as they are trusted to have the <code>autopatrol</code> right in addition to administrators and autoreviewed users. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:05, 21 March 2026 (UTC) :I agree on replacing <code>editor</code> with <code>reviewer</code> to avoid confusion. Reviewers don't need to have patrol permissions as a reviewed page would be patrolled as well. I don't think people will use it much as a page or edit being reviewed already means that it has been checked by someone else. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 16:00, 22 March 2026 (UTC) ::When I said that reviewers would have <code>patrol</code>, they can review new pages that other users created, but not any new pages they create themselves. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:16, 22 March 2026 (UTC) :::How can that be the case if they have <code>autopatrol</code>? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 18:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC) ::::I will give you an example. On the English Wikiquote, there are two user groups that have <code>autopatrol</code>: autopatrollers and patrollers. Autopatrollers have their page creations marked as patrolled by the software, while patrollers (whilst also having their page creations marked as patrolled) can mark new pages as patrolled (in addition to administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 22 March 2026 (UTC) :::::But what is the point of giving reviewers <code>patrol</code> if we are already using FlaggedRevs? I think that we won't need patrol because we already have reviewing, and patrol only seems to be a confirmation that the page is up to policy from what I have seen, so giving them reviewers to mark pages as patrolled seems pointless to me when we already have FlaggedRevs. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 19:06, 22 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::I understand, but my proposal was to convert FlaggedRevs into a protection-like mechanism which would be used alongside page protection; it might turn off FlaggedRevs's ability to patrol new pages for reviewers, hence why I suggested this above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:30, 22 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] I will summarize what you said from above: :::::::* You agree about the reviewer user group to be moved from <code>editor</code> to <code>reviewer</code> to avoid confusion (technically). :::::::* However, you probably disagree about allowing reviewers to patrol new pages ''and'' having their page creations automatically marked as patrolled, because FlaggedRevs can do all of this, and <code>$wgUseNPPatrol</code> might seem to be redundant. ::::::: A compromise about your disagreement is that we might have to consider removing <code>autopatrol</code> and/or <code>patrol</code> from our existing user groups, similar to [[phab:T423461]]. ::::::: I started this because in addition to that, one of my concerns was the extreme backlog of unreviewed edits and pages [4000!]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :I may be missing some things here, so let me know if I haven't answered any points here: :# I don't think we currently need to have the review status indicate the quality of the edit (i.e. minimal, average, good). I don't think this is used at all anymore. :# I think it makes sense to reassign the reviewer user group to <code>editor</code>. I always like clarity in language. :# Are you saying that pages marked as reviewed are currently also classed as patrolled? If that's the case, I think we should not have reviewed pages automatically classed as patrolled, and we should keep reviewing and patrolling separate. :I'll note that honestly don't know much about patrolling, since I've never engaged with it—I have only ever referenced the reviewing system. If there is a significant functional difference, I would love to know it. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:00, 23 March 2026 (UTC) ::When someone clicks "Accept revision" on an unreviewed page, it is listed under [[Special:Log/review]]; if an admin marks a page as patrolled with "Mark this page as patrolled", it will show up under [[Special:Log/patrol]], which is not really logged much compared to the former log (review). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC) :I agree to your thoughts about the <code>editor</code> group and edit quality ratings, but I don't understand what this proposal changes for FlaggedRevs, since I don't have much technical knowledge. Can you explain what the proposal changes here, how are we going to convert FlaggedRevs into a "protection-like mechanism"? [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:24, 23 March 2026 (UTC) ::The proposal of changing FlaggedRevs into a protection-like feature (pending changes) is when an editor (unregistered/one not holding autoreviewer, reviewer, or administrator permissions) makes an edit, but their edit will be hidden from the public until it is approved by a reviewer or an administrator, and it will solely apply to Wikijunior pages. The configuration above is similar to what English Wikipedia uses. {{quote|::I think it makes sense to reassign the reviewer user group to <code>editor</code>.}} ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: I believe you might have misunderstood. What I meant is that <code>(editor)</code> will be changed to <code>(reviewer)</code> to avoid confusion, but I plan to remove <code>editor</code> from all inactive reviewers, then do the same for recently active reviewers. However, given that there are a lot of reviewers, a script will possibly do all the work (under {{no ping|Maintenance script}} or similar). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:29, 23 March 2026 (UTC) :::Gotcha! I can't currently foresee an issue with this —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:09, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :'''Re FlaggedRevs generally: '''The [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Mediawiki page of the extension]] says it is not being maintained and not recommended for production use. We should consider whether we need this extension at all. :What is the actual policy justification for having FlaggedRevs? :[[Help:Tracking_changes#Reviewing_pages]] says it's "our primary counter-vandalism tool". I don't know if it is that: it doesn't prevent vandalism or reduce exposure to vandalism (as with stable versions). The "counter-vandalism" bit comes from human editors looking at the edits, identifying vandalism, and reverting. FlaggedRevs isn't necessary for that. Maybe it makes it a little easier to spot edits in recent changes from new editors that may need a little more help (wikicode etc, not just spam), but can that be achieved just with the patrolled edits functionality? :If we still want something like FlaggedRevs, as an anti-vandalism tool or for draft control, then Mediawiki has a [[mw:Content approval extensions|list of alternatives]] that may be more suited and better maintained. :'''Re minimal/average/good specifically:''' I agree that we don't need the three categories. I thought I read somewhere that these were intended to show the quality of the REVIEW not of the page? That is, a "minimal" review is "I checked there was no obvious vandalism" and a "good" review was "I've thoroughly fact-checked everything". [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 11:34, 5 April 2026 (UTC) :: This was enabled back in 2008, which resulted in [[Wikibooks:New page patrol]] currently being obsolete. To be honest, I would keep FlaggedRevs, but I was proposing to change it to pending changes protection, similar to how Wikipedia utilizes it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:04, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :Pinging <span class="template-ping">@[[:User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]:</span> and <span class="template-ping">@[[:User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]:</span> for additional input. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[w:Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 22:29, 22 March 2026.</span><!--Template:Undated--> == Global ban for Faster than Thunder == * {{user|Faster than Thunder}} Hello, this message is to notify that [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] has been nominated for a global ban at [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Faster than Thunder]]. You are receiving this notification as required per the [[m:global ban|global ban]] policy as they have made at least 1 edit on this wiki. Thanks, --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 01:52, 22 March 2026 (UTC) == Upcoming Wikimedia Café meetup regarding the [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]] == {{tmbox | image = [[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|45px]] | type=notice | text = Hello! There will be a '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Café|Wikimedia Café]]''' meetup on '''Saturday, 11 April 2026 at 14:00 UTC''', focusing on the [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]]. The featured guests will be {{Noping|KStineRowe (WMF)|label1=Kelsi Stine-Rowe}} (senior manager, [[:meta:Movement Communications|Movement Communications]], Wikimedia Foundation), and {{Noping|Samwalton9 (WMF)|label1=Sam Walton}} (senior product manager, [[:mw:Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]], Wikimedia Foundation). <br /> In addition to this Café session, [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|several additional meetings regarding the Annual Plan are listed on the Collaboration page]], and you may participate on the [[:meta:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. <br /> This Café meetup will be approximately two hours long. Attendees may choose to attend only for a part. Please see the Café page for more information, including [[:meta:Wikimedia Café#Signups for the April 2026 session|how to register]]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]] }} <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">↠Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 05:23, 29 March 2026 (UTC) == Regarding copyright of recipes found on online cooking forums == What is the copyright situation regarding cooking recipes found on online recipe books with recipes made by other people? I ask this because I want to add/translate recipes from 下厨房 (xià chúfáng) for Chinese recipes, and while I was intending to add the original writer of the recipe with the translation I still want to ask for clarification. [[User:Fukukitaru|Fukukitaru]] ([[User talk:Fukukitaru|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fukukitaru|contribs]]) 19:06, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Recipes are in principle not copyright-able, as they are just facts. When someone includes descriptive text or anything that elaborates on the basic ingredients and steps, that is copyright-able. I am not a lawyer or legal scholar and cannot give legal advice. See (e.g.) https://www.copyrightlaws.com/copyright-protection-recipes/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:16, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::In that case, would simplifying ingredients and methods to where they are simple yet can still be understood be sufficient for said recipes? [[User:Fukukitaru|Fukukitaru]] ([[User talk:Fukukitaru|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fukukitaru|contribs]]) 19:23, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :::Yes, you can add a recipe here as long as the instructions and text are not too overlapping with the copyrighted original. As the linked page says, the '''ideas''' behind the ingredient list and steps to prepare a given food item are not currently copyrightable, but the way you write the ideas may be copyrightable. You should also cite where you took the recipe from so we can trace its origins. I personally recommend only adding recipes that you have successfully made so we don't become a massive repository of potentially low-quality or untested recipes—I only add recipes once I have made them successfully. Let me know if you have any more questions about the Cookbook! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:06, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::::To build up on this, if you want to understand what is copyright-able and what is not, the "[[:w:en:Idea–expression distinction|idea versus expression]]" distinction. You cannot own the idea of "Boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy and girl commit suicide" but you can copyright a specific version of ''Romeo and Juliet'' with your own innovative ideas. And, for that matter, this is context-specific, but if you can understand the distinction, it can help with future questions about "could this be protected by copyright?", which can be a subtle one. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :::::To further build up on this, there's something called the merger doctrine (see ''[[w:Baker v. Selden|Baker v. Selden]]''). This is why you can't copyright drawings of [[w:Structural formula|structural formulas]]. This doctrine means that if there's only one or a handful of ways to express an idea, then any such expression cannot be copyrighted, since copyrighting that expression would essentially be copyrighting the idea itself. This comes in a lot with recipes. I very likely can't copyright this list (from [[Cookbook:Cornmeal Pancakes (Arepa)]]: :::::* 2.4 cups corn flour :::::* 1.2 tsp salt :::::* 0.6 cup grated white cheese :::::* 2.4 cups cool water :::::Since there's essentially only one way to express the idea of that combination of ingredients. However, if I say: :::::* 2.4 cups corn flour: for this, I strongly recommend Harina P.A.N., because my grandma always used to make me arepas from that stuff every day, and it was delicious. :::::That is copyrightable. At that point, I cease to merely be expressing the idea of a food item with those four ingredients, and add a minimum degree of creativity. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::And to build on all <em>that</em>, even if individual pieces of information are in the public domain (or are fair use), the <em>arrangement</em> of them can be copyrighted. This is why even if ''Bartlett's Quotations'' only had public domain material, the act of selectively editing and positioning them thematically for the user's benefit could constitute a sufficiently original work. So we could copy the material from a bunch of recipes, but could run a foul of copyright issues if we arranged and sorted them in some kind of manner that replicated someone else's original work. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC) == Style Guidelines for Advanced Points == Is there a general style guideline to refer the reader to advanced information, while the main text gives the short-answer version? For example, how would I specify that in practical applications, A is true, but if you use the theory you see that A is not quite true, or has caveats, or similar?-- [[User:Iain marcuson|Iain marcuson]] ([[User talk:Iain marcuson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Iain marcuson|contribs]]) 17:50, 22 April 2026 (UTC) == Request: Help adding Objective Projection writing guide (filter blocked) == Hello, I am Levent Bulut (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261), author of the Objective Projection methodology. I am trying to contribute a practical writing guide to Wikibooks under CC BY-SA 4.0. Book title: "Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories" The automated filter blocked my edits due to external links and content volume. I have already created the page with the introduction and contents, but could not add the chapters. The Turkish version of the same book is already live on Wikibooks: https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Nesnel_%C4%B0zd%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm:_Beyin_Neden_Baz%C4%B1_Hikayeleri_Unutmuyor%3F This is not a new theory — it is an instructional guide teaching a published methodology documented in DOI-registered publications: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18689179 Open license declaration on my site: https://leventbulut.com/acik-lisans-bildirimi-wikibooks/ All content is my own work, written for Wikibooks, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Could an experienced editor help add the remaining chapters, or whitelist my account so the filter does not block future edits? Thank you. Levent Bulut | leventbulut.com [[User:LeventBulut|LeventBulut]] ([[User talk:LeventBulut|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/LeventBulut|contribs]]) 21:28, 24 April 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:LeventBulut|LeventBulut]] This happened because you added too much content when creating the book. Also, when reporting false positives from an edit filter, please report on [[Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:03, 25 April 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:57, 26 April 2026 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == After WikiNews shuts down....? == Can people try and write news articles here? Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:30, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :Thanks for asking. You have a similar thread at our sister project Wikiversity and I am the equivalent of an admin there (we have a "curators" and "custodians" that are similar to admins on other projects). I'm not an admin here, but speaking as someone who has generally contributed here, writing news articles would not be appropriate. It would be great to write a textbook on [[journalism]]: we could use a great guide for ethics, finding sources, asking questions, objectivity and neutrality, etc. Unlike on Wikiversity, where the learning materials can be virtually anything, this project is specifically for a textbook/guide/manual, so writing news articles and posting them here is not really appropriate, but you could have a few example articles that you write for the purpose of having a textbook. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:46, 1 May 2026 (UTC) :: Heads up, a wiki was created: <span class="plainlinks">[https://news.wikioasis.org/wiki/Main_Page news.wikioasis.org]</span>. @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]]; I was temporarily granted some user rights to manage the wiki's setup and migration. I'll give you sysop rights since you are currently one on English Wikinews. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:11, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:14, 2 May 2026 (UTC) q9vhfv9fo99h1h0qffw06gftsmj9r5b 0 121780 4633577 4492670 2026-05-03T01:36:17Z Kwfd 3577794 4633577 wikitext text/x-wiki Chess is, of course, a game of tactics and strategy, and the tactics described in the [[Chess/Tactics]] entry are important to any chess player. The right tactics can allow you to make quick gains of material, can protect you from quick losses of material, and can, ultimately, help you to win chess games. == Tactics Practice == Good chess players, then, must practice tactics. Consider the chess boards below. In each board white can win material by force, if he chooses his moves wisely and utilizes the tactics described in the [[Chess/Tactics]] entry. Play white first in each board (unless, of course, it is otherwise stated), and force material gains (or, checkmate, if stated) for white with the right tactics. The solutions are at the bottom of this page. <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | |qd|kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd|bd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | |pd|nd|pd| |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | |bd|pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |bl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql| |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | [[/Number 1|Number 1]] }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | |kd| |bd| |rd|= 7 | | |pd|nd| |bl|pd|pd|= 6 |pd|pd| | |ql|nd| | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 | | | |rl|kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 2 - Forced Mate }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | |kd| | | | | |rd|= 7 | |pd|pd| | | | | |= 6 |pd| | |pd| | | | |= 5 | | | |pl| | |bl| |= 4 | | | | | |rl| |pl|= 3 | | | | |nd| | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | | |rd| |= 1 | |kl| | | |rl| | |= a b c d e f g h | Number 3 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | |kd| | | | | |rd|= 7 | |pd|pd| |qd|pd| | |= 6 |pd| | |rd| |nd| | |= 5 | | | | |nd| |bl|pd|= 4 | | |pl|pd|pl| | | |= 3 |pl| | |pl| | |ql|pl|= 2 |pl| | | |bl| |pl| |= 1 |rl| | | | |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | Number 4 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | | | |rd|kd| |= 7 |pd|pd| | | | |pd| |= 6 | | |pd| | |pd|pd| |= 5 | | |pl| |nl|qd| | |= 4 | |pl| |pl| | | | |= 3 | | |kl| |pl| | | |= 2 |pl| | | | | | | |= 1 |rl| | |ql| | | | |= a b c d e f g h | Number 5 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | | | |rd| |kd| |= 7 | |pd| |rd| |pd|pd| |= 6 |pd| | | |bd| | | |= 5 | | |pd|pd| | |bl|nl|= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |pl|pl| |= 2 |pl| |nd| | |kl|bl| |= 1 |rl| | | | | | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 6 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd| |rd| |kd|= 7 | |pd| | | | |pd| |= 6 |pd| | |pd|pl| |pd| |= 5 | | |bd| | | | | |= 4 | | |ql| |pl|pl| | |= 3 |nl|pl| | | |rl| | |= 2 |pl|bl| | | | |pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | | | | | |kl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 7 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | | | |ql|rd|kd| |= 7 | |pd| | | | |pd| |= 6 |pd| | |pd| | |pd| |= 5 | | |bd| | | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 |nl|pl|bl| | | | |rl|= 2 |pl| | | | | |pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | | | | | |kl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 8 - Forced Mate }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | | | |rd| | |kd|= 7 | | |rl| | | |rl| |= 6 | |pd| | | |pd| | |= 5 | | |pd|pd| |pd| |pd|= 4 |pd| | | | |bl| | |= 3 | | | | | | | |pl|= 2 |pl|pl| | | | |pl|kl|= 1 | | | | |rd| | | |= a b c d e f g h | Number 9 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| |bd| | |rd|kd| |= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |nd| |pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pl|pd| | |qd|= 4 |nl| |pl| |pl| |nd| |= 3 | | | | | | |bd|pl|= 2 |pl|pl| | | | |bl| |= 1 |rl| |bl|ql| |rl| |kl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 10 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | | |rd|kd| | |= 7 |pd| |pd|qd| |pd| |pd|= 6 |nd| | |pd| | |pd|nl|= 5 | |pd| |pl|bd| |bl|nl|= 4 | | |nd| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |ql| | |= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | | | |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | Number 11 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | |rd| | | |kd| |= 7 |bd| | | | | |pd|pd|= 6 |pd| | |nl| | | | |= 5 | |pd| |nl| | | |qd|= 4 | |pl| | | | |bd| |= 3 | | | |ql|pl| | | |= 2 | |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|= 1 | | | | | |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | Number 12 }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | |rd| | |kd| |= 7 | |pd| | |bd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |qd| | | |= 5 |pd| | | |nd| | | |= 4 | | | | | |pl| | |= 3 |nl| |pl|bd|pl| |ql| |= 2 | |bl| | | | |pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | | |kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 13 - '''Black''' to play and win }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | |kd| |rd| | |rd| |= 7 |pd| |pd| | | | |pd|= 6 | |pd| | | | | | |= 5 | |ql| | |pd| | | |= 4 |pl| | | | |bd| | |= 3 | | |pl| | | |bl|qd|= 2 | |pl| | | |pl| |pl|= 1 |rl| | | |rl| |kl| |= a b c d e f g h | Number 14 - '''Black''' to move and win }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | | |kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd| |pd| | | |pd| |= 6 | |pd| |qd| |pd| |pd|= 5 | | | |bd|nl| | | |= 4 | | | | | |rl| |ql|= 3 |bl|pl| | |bd| | | |= 2 |kl| |pl| | | |pl|pl|= 1 | | | |rl| | | | |= a b c d e f g h | Number 15 - '''Black''' to move }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | |rd|rd| |nd| |kd| |= 7 | | | | |pd| | |pd|= 6 |pd| | |pd| | |pd| |= 5 |qd|pd| |pl| | |pl| |= 4 | | | |bd| | | | |= 3 |pl| | |bl|ql|pl| | |= 2 | |pl|pl| | | | | |= 1 | | |kl|rl| | | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 16 - White to play for mate }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | | | | |rd|kd| |= 7 |rd| | | | | | |pd|= 6 |pd| | | |pl| |pd| |= 5 | |pd| | |rl| | | |= 4 | | | | |nd| | |pl|= 3 | | |pl| | | | |bl|= 2 |pl|pl| | | | | | |= 1 | |kl| | | | |rl| |= a b c d e f g h | Number 17 - '''Black''' to play }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 |rd| | | |rd|qd| | |= 7 |pd|pd|pd| | |kd|bd|pd|= 6 | | | |pd| | | | |= 5 | | | |pl| |pd|bl| |= 4 | | | | | | |pl| |= 3 | | | |rl| | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | | | |ql|= 1 | | |kl| | | | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | Number 18 - White to play and win }}</div> <div style="float:left"> {{Chess diagram small|= | | |= 8 | | | | |rd| | | |= 7 |pd|pd|pd|nd| |pd|kd| |= 6 | | | | | | | |rl|= 5 | | | |pl|rd| | | |= 4 | | |pl|ql| | | |nl|= 3 | | | | | | | |pl|= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl| | |= 1 | | | | | |kl| | |= a b c d e f g h | Number 19 - White to play and win }}</div> {{clear}} == Solutions == ===1.=== *1. '''d5''' '''Ne7''' (White threatens knight with pawn, black moves knight, knight no longer guards '''b4'''.) *2. '''Qa4+'''... (Fork tactic; queen checks king, and threatens bishop. Black must concede bishop.) ===2.=== *1.'''Rxd7'''+ '''Kc8''' ( if ...'''Nxd7??''', '''2. Qe8#''') *2. '''Rd5+''' (if '''Re7'''+, '''Kb7''' and White risks losing an exchange) '''Kb7''' ** 2. '''Qc6''' is also acceptable. It is followed by ...'''Ra7''', '''Be6''' and eventual moves that clear black pawns on the right. *3. '''Rxe5''' '''Bd6''' *4. '''Rh5''', and white wins a pawn while still being able to keep pressure on black. ===3.=== *1.'''Rf8'''+ '''Rxf8''' (...Ka7? 2.Bxe3+ b6 3.Rxh8) (White's rook forks check and black's rook, and discovers threat on black's knight from white's bishop.) *2.'''Rxf8'''+ '''Ka7''' (Rook checks king. King moves diagonally.) *3.'''Bxe3+''' (Bishop takes knight with check, gaining a piece and avoiding a checkmate on Rg1.) ===4.=== The expected solution: *1. '''Qf4'''; black's pinned knight is now en prise (thrice attacked, twice defended). *1. ...'''Ned7''' defends for black (1. ...Ng6 is fruitless, as white needs simply relocate his queen, Qf5, and black is out of tricks) *2. '''e5!''' and we see that white's first move was critical, preparing his e pawn to assume the now vacant e5 square, forking black's knight and rook. This one is a tricky alternative: *1. '''Rf5''' '''Ned7''' (2. ... Re8? 3. Raf1 Ned7 4. Qf2!) (White adds pressure to the knight forcing a withdraw.) *2. '''Qf2''' '''Rg8''' (2. e5? Rb6 3. exf6 Qxe2) (White adds pressure to the other knight, preventing black from moving any of its defenders, and also protects the bishop. There are other responses for black, but this generates some offensive threats and is probably the best option.) *3. '''e5!''' '''Rxg5''' (3. ... Nxe5? 4. Bxf6 Rxf6 5. Rxf6) (White's pawn move offers the most immediate reward in the impending exchange. White still has potential with 3. Bh4, but the gains, if any, will take many more turns to come to fruition. For example, 3. Bh4? Rg6 4. Rf1 Qe8! yields a situation far less favorable for white.) *4. '''exd6''' '''Rxf5''' *5. '''dxe7''' '''Rxf2''' *6. '''Kxf2''' (White does not necessarily have to allow the exchange happen to completion, but since white has a material advantage such simplification of the board is only to his or her benefit.) This results in white having a bishop, a rook, and a pawn on the seventh rank versus two knights. From there, white can win a further few more pawns somewhat easily, giving a hefty material advantage. One might try the more immediate 1. c5 with the hope of 1. ... Rd5 2. Bxf6 but to do so is forgetting that 1. ... Rc6 is another response. Also, one might try 1. Bxf6 Rxf6 2. Qg7, with the idea that black cannot save both of the rooks at once, but this also does not work because of 2. ... Rxf1+. White must now play something like 3. Rxf1, which gives black the opportunity to save the rook on h8. ===5.=== *1.'''Qb3'''+ '''Kh7''' (...'''Rf7''' 2.'''Qxf7'''+ '''Kh7''') (White checks king with queen. King moves away.) *2.'''Rh1'''+ '''Qh5''' (White checks king with rook. Black blocks with queen.) *3.'''Rxh5'''+ '''gxh5''' (White exchanges rook for queen!) Note the importance of white's knight in this exchange. It guarded '''f7''', preventing a simple defense of the initial check with '''Rf7'''. Alternatively, if 1. ... '''Kh8''', *2. '''Nf7'''+ if 2. ...'''Kg8''', 3. '''Nh6'''+ (or '''Nd6'''+) wins the queen for a knight. If 2. ...'''Kh7''', *3. '''Rh1'''+ if 3. ...'''Qh5''', 4. '''Rxh5''' (back to main variation) if 3. ...'''Kg8''', 4. '''Nh6'''+ (or '''Nd6'''+) wins the queen for a knight ===6.=== *1.'''Nf6'''+ '''Kf8''' (...'''gxf6?''' 2.'''Bxf6 Nxa1''' 3.'''Rh8#''') ('''Nf6''' checks, and threatens two rooks. A naive defence of '''gxf6''' would result in checkmate.) *2. '''Nxd7'''+ '''Kg8''' (Any other move allows 3. '''Rh8#''') *3. '''Nf6'''+ leaving Black in the same bind, eventually winning Black's other rook as well. ===7.=== *1.Rh3+ Kg8 *2.e7+ d5 *3.exd8=Q Rxd8 *4.Qxc5 Bxh3 *5.gxh3 ===8.=== *1.Rh8+ Kxh8 *2.Qxf8+ Kh7 *3.Qxg7# - Also 1.Qe6+ Rf7 2.Rf1 (Black's rook is pinned) Black cannot stop 3.Qxf7# ===9.=== *1.Rh7+ Kg8 *2.Rcg7+ Kf8 *3.Bd6+ (Computer give the better 3.Bh6 ... *4.Rh8# is better and logical!) ...Re7 4.Bxe7+ (With mate following, this was what I saw and played. Bh6 is better but it might be to hard for all to find, both lead to mate) ===10.=== *1.Rxf8+ Kxf8 *2.Qf3+ Kg8 (...Bf4 3.Bxf4 exf4 4.Qxf4+) *3.Qxg3 ===11.=== *1.'''Nf6''' '''Qe7''' (...'''Bxf6'''? 2.'''Qxf6''' '''Kg8''' 3.'''Bh6'''...) ... 1. ...'''Qc8''' gives white mate in at most 8 moves) *2.'''Nxe8''' to win an exchange Alternatively, *2.'''Nxh7'''+ '''Kg7''' 3. '''Bxe7''' to win an exchange (when black recaptures on h6 or e7 just move the other piece away) ===12.=== *1.Ne7+ Kh8 *2.Nf7+ Qxf7 *3.Rxf7 Alternatively, *2.Nexc8 (Threatening back rank mate with Rf8#) if 2. ... '''Bxe3'''+ then 3. '''Qxe3''' Other black moves that avoids mate should allow 3. Nxa7 ===13.=== *1. ...Bh4 *2.Qxh4 Nf3+ *3.gxf3 Qxe3+ *4.Kd1 Bb1+ *5.Qxd8+ Rxd8# ===14.=== *1. ...Bxg3 *2.fxg3 Rxg3+ *3.hxg3 Qxg3 *4.Kh1 (4.Kf1 Qf3+ 5.Kg1 Rg8+ 6.Kh2 Qg2#) Qh3+ *5.Kg1 Rg8+ *6.Kf2 Rg2+ *7.Kf1 Qh1# ===15.=== *1. ...Bxb3 *2.cxb3 Qxd1 ===16.=== *1.Qe6+ Kf8 (1. ...Kh8? 2.Rxh7+ Kxh7 3.Qxg6+ Kh8 4.Rh1# or 4.Qh7#) *2.Rxh7 Bg7 *3.Rdh1 or 3.Bxg6 with mate following. There are different moves Black can play, White is likely to play both Rdh1 threating rook sacrifice on h8 followed by mate and Bxg6 which is threatening Qf7#. 1.Qxd4 is also winning for White. 1. ...Ng7 2.Rxh7 Kxh7 3.Qh4+ Kg8 (3. ...Nh5? Qxh5, g pawn is pinned) 4.Bxg6 Kg8 With mate following. ===17.=== *1.Nd2+ Kc2 *2.Nf3 (There is no way for White to avoid giving up an exchange.) ===18.=== *1.Qh5+ Kg8 *2.Qxh7+ Kf7 *3.Qxf5+ Kg8 *4.Qh7+ Kf7 *5.Rf3# (1.Qxh7? Re5 2.Rf3 Ke8 and game continues) ===19.=== *1.Nf5+ Kg8 (1. ...Kf8? 2.Rh8#) *2.Qg4+ Kf8 *3.Rh8# == A Highly Tactical Position == What follows is a complex board. {{Chess diagram |= | | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |bl|pd| |= 6 | | | | | | | |pd|= 5 |nd| | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | |nl| | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | A complex position - Black to move }} The board arose after the opening moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 h6 (Ask yourself, was '''h6''' a bad move?) 4.Nc3 Na5 (Ask yourself, was '''Na5''' a bad move?) 5.Bxf7+ Even an experienced player might struggle to calculate all the possible moves and their consequences. One way to improve one's tactical vision is to set-up this board, or indeed any board, choose an opening move, and then continuing, picking the best moves possible, and noting the success of the initial move. Consider the '''h6''' and the '''Na5''' moves, and note their weakness. Indeed, the '''Na5''' move's tempo renders black's only developed piece useless, and the '''h6''' move weakens the King's side and scuppers a future defensive '''g6''' move. Black may have anticipated a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_Liver_Attack Fried Liver Attack], and made a pre-emptive defense, though such an attack should threaten black. Now consider how the game might develop. Black is in check. He can take the bishop ('''Kxf7'''), but this might not be tactical. If Black moves '''Kxf7''', there is an inevitable knight check ('''Nxe5'''). White might then play '''Qh5''' which may be played with check. Studying the many variations, and the patterns of movement, will be beneficial for any chess player, especially once white's queen is active. There are many mate threats that can be created, and many guarded squares that black cannot move his king to. Here are possible scenarios. First, '''Ke7''', where black moves his king forward, and out of check, which is discussed in some detail. Second, '''Kxf7''', where black captures white's bishop, which is left as an exercise for the keen reader. :*1...Ke7 Declining the Bishop capture 2. Nd5+ now the King is forced to capture the Bishop (or play Kd6 with no lose of material for white), 2...Kxf7. It was bad for black to decline the sacrifice because white was able to muscle black into accepting it, and now white has an additional knight bearing down on the black king. 3. Nxe5+ Ke6 (3...Ke8 Would lead to mate with 4. Qh5 g6 5.Qxg6#) 4. Qh5 (White now threatens 5. Qf5+ Kd6 and 6. Nf7+ winning the Black queen the following move) 4...Qg5 (it is plausible that Black will play this in attempt to trade queens and greatly reduce White's attack) 5. Qf7+ Kd6 (The e5 Knight is immune from capture from the King, for two reasons. 5...Kxe5 is met with a.) 6. f4+ forking the Queen, so long as f4 is defended by a white piece, and b.) 6. d5+, this is good because it facilitates the development of the dark square bishop, but white is likely to lose the bishop so long as the queen is protected by the h pawn. There are two ways but only 1 black queen you might say, regardless it is still good to have two ways. What this means is if white can utilize his knight and queen for different things since they aren't tied down to the defense of the f4 square, and the d5 knight will remain immune. That means white is more flexible and can respond to blacks defenses in more ways) 6. Qxf8+ (vacates the f7 square with tempo) Ne7 7 Nf7+ (forking the King and Queen) Black's position is hopeless. :*1...Kxf7 See if you can work out what can happen here. <noinclude>{{Chess/Navigation|Tactics|Checkmates}}</noinclude> 2atssph15lu1ry49z4859frkwryzsxl 0 137133 4633567 4629666 2026-05-02T22:40:28Z JCrue 2226064 /* 2...f5? · Latvian gambit */ Some intermediary moves were missing from the analysis 4633567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |Latvian gambit |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C40]] |parent=[[../|King's knight opening]] }} == 2...f5? · Latvian gambit == The Latvian gambit is an aggressive counterattack. It is utterly unsound but sharp and has some practical chances against unprepared players. Rather than defend the attack on their e5 pawn, Black counterattacks and threatens ...fxe4. Black intends to prise open White's control of the centre, even at the cost of a pawn and the opening of the weakening e8-h5 diagonal. White can take either pawn and sharp play ensues. [[/3. Nxe5|'''3. Nxe5''']] is the '''main line'''. White takes the undefended e-pawn. This offers the e4 pawn back to Black in trade, but they dare not take it yet because of 3...fxe4?? 4. Qh5+! and White wins an exchange or more. 3...Qf6 is the main move, attacking the knight and adding control to g6 (so that 4. Qh5+? g6 gets White nowhere), then White has a choice of 4. d4 or 4. Nc4. 3...Nf6 to prevent Qh5+ is an alternative. Several other third moves are winning for White, though they are all much less common. [[/3. exf5|'''3. exf5''']], '''accepting the gambit''', is also playable. Black's idea is 3...e4 to first kick the knight. (3...Nf6 is safer, but if Black wanted safety they shouldn't have played 2...f5?.) 4. Nd4 is the sharpest move, threatening Qh5+. 4...Qf6 defends against that threat while counterattacking the pawn and knight. 5. Nb5, threatening Nxc7+, is the best place to move it. 5...Qe5 defends c7 while attacking the knight. 5. Qe2 defends the knight and threatens d4!, forcing Black's queen away from control of c7. If 4. Ne5 Nf6 is necessary to prevent Qh5+ and overwhelming control of f7: 4...Qf6 fails because White's knight increases the f5-pawn's control of g6. [[/3. Nc3|'''3. Nc3''']] is called the '''Mlotkowski variation'''. The idea is not to answer 3...fxe4 with 4. Nxe4 (4...d5 5. Ng3 e4 6. Nd4 Bc5{{Chess/not}}, Black gets a big centre and the initiative and it is hard for White to exploit their open king) but with 4. Nxe5. [[/3. d4|'''3. d4''']] is the sharp '''Mason countergambit'''. [[/3. Bc4|'''3. Bc4?''']] is the extraordinary '''Mayet attack'''. White concentrates on exploiting the weakened kingside and allows Black to take 3...fxe4, planning 4. Nxe5 d5 5. Qh5+, where 5...Ke7?? leads to forced mate. If Black finds the right moves, which include the shocking 5...g6!, sacrificing the exchange, then they equalise, though the position is sharp. 6. Nxg6 hxg6 7. Qxh8 Kf7 protects the knight, White's queen is almost trapped and White's bishop is still hanging. 4...Qg5 is the old line, attacking the knight and g2. If Black avoids ...fxe4 until after they have played 3...Nf6, "playing it safe" and defending the kingside against infiltration by Qh5, then they are no worse than they would have been after 3. Nxe5 or 3. exf5―which is to say, they are much worse and White is winning. === History === The Latvian gambit is also known as the Greco countergambit after [[w:Gioachino Greco|Gioachino Greco]] (1600–1634). ==Theory table== {{Chess Opening Theory/Table}} {{Chess/theory table |line1=3. Nxe5 Qf6 4. d4 d6 5. Nc4 fxe4 6. Nc3 Qg6 7. Ne3 Nf6 8. Be2 c6 9. O-O |name1=Bilguer variation |eval1={{chess/not|++}} |line2=3. ... ... 4. Nc4 fxe4 5. Nc3 Qf7 6. Ne3 |name2=Foltys-Leonhardt variation |eval2={{chess/not|++}} |line3=3. exf5 e4 4. Nd4 Qf6 5. Nb5 Na6 6. N1c3 |name3=Latvian gambit accepted |eval3={{chess/not|++}} }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} === See also === {{Wikipedia|Latvian Gambit}} * {{cite book| last=Kosten |first=Tony |title=The Latvian Gambit Lives! |year=2001 |isbn=0-7134-8629-5 |publisher=Batsford}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 9fa8o0iu7bockgceq2uahr8rmtg3xwe 0 143629 4633540 1571826 2026-05-02T18:22:38Z ~2026-26589-50 3580743 4633540 wikitext text/x-wiki ELECTRIC CIRCUIT SIMPLE CIRCUIT -In a simple circuit a source of EMF mantains a potential energy difference across end of the circuit -Current is the flow of charge CELLS IN SERIES -The connection of the positive pole of one cell is connected to the negative pole of the next cell -The total EMF is the sum of the individual EMF'S E.g. EMF= 1,5+1,5+1,5 =4,5 {{BookCat}} nokyluvo0swhjuqfrvbq1zzueqmhaaz 4633541 4633540 2026-05-02T18:42:07Z ~2026-26589-50 3580743 physical science textbook 4633541 wikitext text/x-wiki ELECTRIC CIRCUIT SIMPLE CIRCUIT -In a simple circuit a source of EMF mantains a potential energy difference across end of the circuit -Current is the flow of charge CELLS IN SERIES -The connection of the positive pole of one cell is connected to the negative pole of the next cell -The total EMF is the sum of the individual EMF'S E.g. EMF= 1,5+1,5+1,5 =4,5 OR TEMF=1,5×3 =4,5 CELLS IN PARALLEL -All the positive poles are connected to one point and all the negative poles are connected to the other point -The EMF is the same as the EMF of a single cell E.g. EMF=1,5 ELECTRIC CURRENT -The flow of charged particles -Charge flows through conductors but it cannot pass through insulators FORMULA: I = Q ÷ ∆T Q = The charge I = Current ∆T = Time E.g.1. Calculate the current that passes through a circuit when 54C of charge flow through a light bulb for one minute SOLUTION: I = Q ÷ ∆T = 54C ÷ 60s I = 0,9A E.g.2. How much charge passes through a conductor when a current of 3A is maintained for 3 minutes SOLUTION: I = Q ÷ ∆T 3 = Q ÷ 180s = 3 ÷ 180s = 540C {{BookCat}} jxqjs78qvioy517icgzmj4l6fpyuzrp 4633542 4633541 2026-05-02T18:50:41Z ~2026-26589-50 3580743 /* */ 4633542 wikitext text/x-wiki ELECTRIC CIRCUIT SIMPLE CIRCUIT -In a simple circuit a source of EMF mantains a potential energy difference across end of the circuit -Current is the flow of charge CELLS IN SERIES -The connection of the positive pole of one cell is connected to the negative pole of the next cell -The total EMF is the sum of the individual EMF'S E.g. EMF= 1,5+1,5+1,5 =4,5 OR TEMF=1,5×3 =4,5 CELLS IN PARALLEL -All the positive poles are connected to one point and all the negative poles are connected to the other point -The EMF is the same as the EMF of a single cell E.g. EMF=1,5 ELECTRIC CURRENT -The flow of charged particles -Charge flows through conductors but it cannot pass through insulators FORMULA: I = Q ÷ ∆T Q = The charge I = Current ∆T = Time E.g.1. Calculate the current that passes through a circuit when 54C of charge flow through a light bulb for one minute SOLUTION: I = Q ÷ ∆T = 54C ÷ 60s I = 0,9A E.g.2. How much charge passes through a conductor when a current of 3A is maintained for 3 minutes SOLUTION: I = Q ÷ ∆T 3 = Q ÷ 180s = 3 ÷ 180s = 540C E.g.3. Calculate the current that passes through a circuit when 28C of charge flow through a light bulb for 5 minutes SOLUTION: I = Q ÷ ∆T = 28 ÷ 300 I = 0,093A {{BookCat}} mbuqdr8x7w78si7h33jwsg5qv6ao17l 103 146002 4633564 4332715 2026-05-02T22:31:41Z Wynne0 3305737 /* Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed */ new section 4633564 wikitext text/x-wiki one thing is missing in ingredients, mustard seeds, popularly known as "rai" in northern india. == Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed == Step 3 of the procedure refers to asafoetida, but it does not appear in the ingredient list. Can someone please amend either the procedure or the ingredient list as appropriate? [[User:Wynne0|Wynne0]] ([[User talk:Wynne0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wynne0|contribs]]) 22:31, 2 May 2026 (UTC) jgubebc54ksi8nz5dfro9zpo50mwne9 4633565 4633564 2026-05-02T22:32:06Z Wynne0 3305737 /* Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed */ 4633565 wikitext text/x-wiki one thing is missing in ingredients, mustard seeds, popularly known as "rai" in northern india. == Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed == Step 3 of the procedure refers to asafoetida, but it does not appear in the ingredient list. Can someone please amend either the procedure or the ingredient list? [[User:Wynne0|Wynne0]] ([[User talk:Wynne0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wynne0|contribs]]) 22:31, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ewoizwe501mg4go9hw47c6gq0b7879m 4633575 4633565 2026-05-03T01:34:42Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed */ Reply 4633575 wikitext text/x-wiki one thing is missing in ingredients, mustard seeds, popularly known as "rai" in northern india. == Procedure refers to an ingredient not listed == Step 3 of the procedure refers to asafoetida, but it does not appear in the ingredient list. Can someone please amend either the procedure or the ingredient list? [[User:Wynne0|Wynne0]] ([[User talk:Wynne0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wynne0|contribs]]) 22:31, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :Done! It got lost in a round of edits. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:34, 3 May 2026 (UTC) exxw6zr03g08jl89jbwp32y0088sgd4 0 155016 4633800 4633064 2026-05-03T08:13:38Z ~2026-25678-06 3579663 4633800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mahjong Tiles''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE EAST WIND|&#x1f000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SOUTH WIND|&#x1f001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE WEST WIND|&#x1f002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE NORTH WIND|&#x1f003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE RED DRAGON|&#x1f004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE GREEN DRAGON|&#x1f005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE WHITE DRAGON|&#x1f006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE ONE OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE TWO OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE THREE OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FOUR OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FIVE OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SIX OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SEVEN OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE EIGHT OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE NINE OF CHARACTERS|&#x1f00f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE ONE OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE TWO OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE THREE OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FOUR OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FIVE OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SIX OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SEVEN OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE EIGHT OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE NINE OF BAMBOOS|&#x1f018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE ONE OF CIRCLES|&#x1f019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE TWO OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE THREE OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FOUR OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE FIVE OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SIX OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SEVEN OF CIRCLES|&#x1f01f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE EIGHT OF CIRCLES|&#x1f020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE NINE OF CIRCLES|&#x1f021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE PLUM|&#x1f022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE ORCHID|&#x1f023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE BAMBOO|&#x1f024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE CHRYSANTHEMUM|&#x1f025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SPRING|&#x1f026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE SUMMER|&#x1f027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE AUTUMN|&#x1f028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE WINTER|&#x1f029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE JOKER|&#x1f02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHJONG TILE BACK|&#x1f02b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Domino Tiles''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL BACK|&#x1f030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-00|&#x1f031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-01|&#x1f032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-02|&#x1f033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-03|&#x1f034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-04|&#x1f035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-05|&#x1f036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-00-06|&#x1f037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-00|&#x1f038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-01|&#x1f039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-02|&#x1f03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-03|&#x1f03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-04|&#x1f03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-05|&#x1f03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-01-06|&#x1f03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-00|&#x1f03f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-01|&#x1f040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-02|&#x1f041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-03|&#x1f042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-04|&#x1f043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-05|&#x1f044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-02-06|&#x1f045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-00|&#x1f046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-01|&#x1f047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-02|&#x1f048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-03|&#x1f049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-04|&#x1f04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-05|&#x1f04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-03-06|&#x1f04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-00|&#x1f04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-01|&#x1f04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-02|&#x1f04f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-03|&#x1f050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-04|&#x1f051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-05|&#x1f052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-04-06|&#x1f053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-00|&#x1f054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-01|&#x1f055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-02|&#x1f056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-03|&#x1f057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-04|&#x1f058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-05|&#x1f059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-05-06|&#x1f05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-00|&#x1f05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-01|&#x1f05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-02|&#x1f05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-03|&#x1f05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-04|&#x1f05f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-05|&#x1f060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE HORIZONTAL-06-06|&#x1f061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL BACK|&#x1f062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-00|&#x1f063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-01|&#x1f064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-02|&#x1f065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-03|&#x1f066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-04|&#x1f067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-05|&#x1f068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-00-06|&#x1f069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-00|&#x1f06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-01|&#x1f06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-02|&#x1f06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-03|&#x1f06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-04|&#x1f06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-05|&#x1f06f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-01-06|&#x1f070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-00|&#x1f071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-01|&#x1f072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-02|&#x1f073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-03|&#x1f074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-04|&#x1f075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-05|&#x1f076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-02-06|&#x1f077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-00|&#x1f078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-01|&#x1f079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-02|&#x1f07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-03|&#x1f07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-04|&#x1f07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-05|&#x1f07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-03-06|&#x1f07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-00|&#x1f07f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-01|&#x1f080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-02|&#x1f081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-03|&#x1f082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-04|&#x1f083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-05|&#x1f084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-04-06|&#x1f085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-00|&#x1f086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-01|&#x1f087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-02|&#x1f088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-03|&#x1f089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-04|&#x1f08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-05|&#x1f08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-05-06|&#x1f08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-00|&#x1f08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-01|&#x1f08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-02|&#x1f08f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F09x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-03|&#x1f090;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-04|&#x1f091;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-05|&#x1f092;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOMINO TILE VERTICAL-06-06|&#x1f093;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Playing Cards''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD BACK|&#x1f0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD ACE OF SPADES|&#x1f0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TWO OF SPADES|&#x1f0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD THREE OF SPADES|&#x1f0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FOUR OF SPADES|&#x1f0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FIVE OF SPADES|&#x1f0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SIX OF SPADES|&#x1f0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SEVEN OF SPADES|&#x1f0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD EIGHT OF SPADES|&#x1f0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD NINE OF SPADES|&#x1f0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TEN OF SPADES|&#x1f0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD JACK OF SPADES|&#x1f0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KNIGHT OF SPADES|&#x1f0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD QUEEN OF SPADES|&#x1f0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KING OF SPADES|&#x1f0ae;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Bx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD ACE OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TWO OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD THREE OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FOUR OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FIVE OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SIX OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SEVEN OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD EIGHT OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD NINE OF HEARTS|&#x1f0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TEN OF HEARTS|&#x1f0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD JACK OF HEARTS|&#x1f0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KNIGHT OF HEARTS|&#x1f0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD QUEEN OF HEARTS|&#x1f0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KING OF HEARTS|&#x1f0be;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD RED JOKER|&#x1f0bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Cx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD ACE OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TWO OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD THREE OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FOUR OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FIVE OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SIX OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SEVEN OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD EIGHT OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD NINE OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TEN OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD JACK OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KNIGHT OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD QUEEN OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KING OF DIAMONDS|&#x1f0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD BLACK JOKER|&#x1f0cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Dx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD ACE OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TWO OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD THREE OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FOUR OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FIVE OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SIX OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD SEVEN OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD EIGHT OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD NINE OF CLUBS|&#x1f0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TEN OF CLUBS|&#x1f0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD JACK OF CLUBS|&#x1f0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KNIGHT OF CLUBS|&#x1f0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD QUEEN OF CLUBS|&#x1f0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD KING OF CLUBS|&#x1f0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD WHITE JOKER|&#x1f0df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD FOOL|&#x1f0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-1|&#x1f0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-2|&#x1f0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-3|&#x1f0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-4|&#x1f0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-5|&#x1f0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-6|&#x1f0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-7|&#x1f0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-8|&#x1f0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-9|&#x1f0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-10|&#x1f0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-11|&#x1f0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-12|&#x1f0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-13|&#x1f0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-14|&#x1f0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-15|&#x1f0ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0Fx |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-16|&#x1f0f0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-17|&#x1f0f1;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-18|&#x1f0f2;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-19|&#x1f0f3;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-20|&#x1f0f4;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYING CARD TRUMP-21|&#x1f0f5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ZERO FULL STOP|&#x1f100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ZERO COMMA|&#x1f101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE COMMA|&#x1f102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO COMMA|&#x1f103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE COMMA|&#x1f104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR COMMA|&#x1f105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE COMMA|&#x1f106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX COMMA|&#x1f107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN COMMA|&#x1f108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT COMMA|&#x1f109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE COMMA|&#x1f10a;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ZERO|&#x1f10b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ZERO|&#x1f10c;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ZERO WITH SLASH|&#x1f10d;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x1f10e;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOLLAR SIGN WITH OVERLAID BACKSLASH|&#x1f10f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x1f110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x1f111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x1f112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x1f113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1f114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x1f115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x1f116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x1f117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1f118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x1f119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x1f11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x1f11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x1f11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x1f11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1f11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1f11f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F12x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x1f120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1f121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1f122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x1f123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1f124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x1f125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x1f126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x1f127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x1f128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x1f129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1f12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ITALIC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x1f12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ITALIC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1f12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CD|&#x1f12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WZ|&#x1f12e;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPYLEFT SYMBOL|&#x1f12f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F13x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x1f130;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x1f131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x1f132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x1f133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1f134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x1f135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x1f136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x1f137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1f138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x1f139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x1f13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x1f13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x1f13c;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x1f13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1f13e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1f13f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F14x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x1f140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1f141;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1f142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x1f143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1f144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x1f145;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x1f146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x1f147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x1f148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x1f149;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED HV|&#x1f14a;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MV|&#x1f14b;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SD|&#x1f14c;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SS|&#x1f14d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PPV|&#x1f14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED WC|&#x1f14f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F15x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x1f150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x1f151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x1f152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x1f153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1f154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x1f155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x1f156;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x1f157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1f158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x1f159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x1f15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x1f15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x1f15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x1f15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1f15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1f15f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F16x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x1f160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1f161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1f162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x1f163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1f164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x1f165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x1f166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x1f167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x1f168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x1f169;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED MC SIGN|&#x1f16a;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED MD SIGN|&#x1f16b;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED MR SIGN|&#x1f16c;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CC|&#x1f16d;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED C WITH OVERLAID BACKSLASH|&#x1f16e;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HUMAN FIGURE|&#x1f16f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F17x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x1f170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x1f171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x1f172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x1f173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1f174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x1f175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x1f176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x1f177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1f178;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x1f179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x1f17a;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x1f17b;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x1f17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x1f17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1f17e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1f17f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F18x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x1f180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1f181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1f182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x1f183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1f184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x1f185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x1f186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x1f187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x1f188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x1f189;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED NEGATIVE SQUARED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1f18a;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED IC|&#x1f18b;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED PA|&#x1f18c;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED SA|&#x1f18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED AB|&#x1f18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED WC|&#x1f18f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F19x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DJ|&#x1f190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CL|&#x1f191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED COOL|&#x1f192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FREE|&#x1f193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ID|&#x1f194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED NEW|&#x1f195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED NG|&#x1f196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED OK|&#x1f197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SOS|&#x1f198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED UP WITH EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x1f199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED VS|&#x1f19a;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED THREE D|&#x1f19b;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SECOND SCREEN|&#x1f19c;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TWO K|&#x1f19d;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR K|&#x1f19e;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED EIGHT K|&#x1f19f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FIVE POINT ONE|&#x1f1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SEVEN POINT ONE|&#x1f1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TWENTY-TWO POINT TWO|&#x1f1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SIXTY P|&#x1f1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ONE HUNDRED TWENTY P|&#x1f1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x1f1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED HC|&#x1f1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED HDR|&#x1f1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED HI-RES|&#x1f1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOSSLESS|&#x1f1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SHV|&#x1f1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED UHD|&#x1f1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED VOD|&#x1f1ac;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASK WORK SYMBOL|&#x1f1ad;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOMOBIKI SYMBOL|&#x1f1ae;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Ex |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER A|&#x1f1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER B|&#x1f1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER C|&#x1f1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER D|&#x1f1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER E|&#x1f1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER F|&#x1f1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER G|&#x1f1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER H|&#x1f1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER I|&#x1f1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER J|&#x1f1ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER K|&#x1f1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER L|&#x1f1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER M|&#x1f1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER N|&#x1f1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER O|&#x1f1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER P|&#x1f1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER Q|&#x1f1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER R|&#x1f1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER S|&#x1f1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER T|&#x1f1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER U|&#x1f1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER V|&#x1f1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER W|&#x1f1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER X|&#x1f1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER Y|&#x1f1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER Z|&#x1f1ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F20x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HIRAGANA HOKA|&#x1f200;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KATAKANA KOKO|&#x1f201;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KATAKANA SA|&#x1f202;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F21x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B|&#x1f210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B57|&#x1f211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CC|&#x1f212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KATAKANA DE|&#x1f213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8C|&#x1f214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-591A|&#x1f215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89E3|&#x1f216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5929|&#x1f217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA4|&#x1f218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6620|&#x1f219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7121|&#x1f21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6599|&#x1f21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524D|&#x1f21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F8C|&#x1f21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-518D|&#x1f21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B0|&#x1f21f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F22x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-521D|&#x1f220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D42|&#x1f221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-751F|&#x1f222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA9|&#x1f223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58F0|&#x1f224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5439|&#x1f225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F14|&#x1f226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6295|&#x1f227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6355|&#x1f228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00|&#x1f229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09|&#x1f22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-904A|&#x1f22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE6|&#x1f22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D|&#x1f22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F3|&#x1f22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6307|&#x1f22f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F23x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D70|&#x1f230;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6253|&#x1f231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7981|&#x1f232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A7A|&#x1f233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5408|&#x1f234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E80|&#x1f235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6709|&#x1f236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6708|&#x1f237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533|&#x1f238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272|&#x1f239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55B6|&#x1f23a;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-914D|&#x1f23b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F24x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672C|&#x1f240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09|&#x1f241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8C|&#x1f242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B89|&#x1f243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70B9|&#x1f244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6253|&#x1f245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76D7|&#x1f246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52DD|&#x1f247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6557|&#x1f248;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F25x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ADVANTAGE|&#x1f250;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ACCEPT|&#x1f251;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F26x |style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR FU|&#x1f260;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR LU|&#x1f261;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR SHOU|&#x1f262;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR XI|&#x1f263;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR SHUANGXI|&#x1f264;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR CAI|&#x1f265;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F27x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F28x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F29x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F30x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYCLONE|&#x1f300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOGGY|&#x1f301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UMBRELLA|&#x1f302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NIGHT WITH STARS|&#x1f303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNRISE OVER MOUNTAINS|&#x1f304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNRISE|&#x1f305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CITYSCAPE AT DUSK|&#x1f306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNSET OVER BUILDINGS|&#x1f307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAINBOW|&#x1f308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRIDGE AT NIGHT|&#x1f309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATER WAVE|&#x1f30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLCANO|&#x1f30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILKY WAY|&#x1f30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GLOBE EUROPE-AFRICA|&#x1f30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GLOBE AMERICAS|&#x1f30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GLOBE ASIA-AUSTRALIA|&#x1f30f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F31x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLOBE WITH MERIDIANS|&#x1f310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAXING CRESCENT MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAXING GIBBOUS MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANING GIBBOUS MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANING CRESCENT MOON SYMBOL|&#x1f318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRESCENT MOON|&#x1f319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW MOON WITH FACE|&#x1f31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE|&#x1f31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE|&#x1f31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL MOON WITH FACE|&#x1f31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN WITH FACE|&#x1f31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLOWING STAR|&#x1f31f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F32x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOOTING STAR|&#x1f320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMOMETER|&#x1f321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DROPLET|&#x1f322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN|&#x1f323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH SMALL CLOUD|&#x1f324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN BEHIND CLOUD|&#x1f325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN BEHIND CLOUD WITH RAIN|&#x1f326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD WITH RAIN|&#x1f327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD WITH SNOW|&#x1f328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD WITH LIGHTNING|&#x1f329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD WITH TORNADO|&#x1f32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOG|&#x1f32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIND BLOWING FACE|&#x1f32c;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT DOG|&#x1f32d;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TACO|&#x1f32e;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BURRITO|&#x1f32f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F33x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHESTNUT|&#x1f330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEEDLING|&#x1f331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EVERGREEN TREE|&#x1f332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIDUOUS TREE|&#x1f333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM TREE|&#x1f334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CACTUS|&#x1f335;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT PEPPER|&#x1f336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULIP|&#x1f337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHERRY BLOSSOM|&#x1f338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROSE|&#x1f339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIBISCUS|&#x1f33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNFLOWER|&#x1f33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOSSOM|&#x1f33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EAR OF MAIZE|&#x1f33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EAR OF RICE|&#x1f33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERB|&#x1f33f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F34x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR LEAF CLOVER|&#x1f340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAPLE LEAF|&#x1f341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLEN LEAF|&#x1f342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEAF FLUTTERING IN WIND|&#x1f343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSHROOM|&#x1f344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOMATO|&#x1f345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUBERGINE|&#x1f346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRAPES|&#x1f347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MELON|&#x1f348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATERMELON|&#x1f349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGERINE|&#x1f34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEMON|&#x1f34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANANA|&#x1f34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINEAPPLE|&#x1f34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RED APPLE|&#x1f34e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEN APPLE|&#x1f34f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F35x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PEAR|&#x1f350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACH|&#x1f351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHERRIES|&#x1f352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAWBERRY|&#x1f353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMBURGER|&#x1f354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLICE OF PIZZA|&#x1f355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEAT ON BONE|&#x1f356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POULTRY LEG|&#x1f357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RICE CRACKER|&#x1f358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RICE BALL|&#x1f359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COOKED RICE|&#x1f35a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURRY AND RICE|&#x1f35b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STEAMING BOWL|&#x1f35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPAGHETTI|&#x1f35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BREAD|&#x1f35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRIES|&#x1f35f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F36x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ROASTED SWEET POTATO|&#x1f360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DANGO|&#x1f361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ODEN|&#x1f362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUSHI|&#x1f363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRIED SHRIMP|&#x1f364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISH CAKE WITH SWIRL DESIGN|&#x1f365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFT ICE CREAM|&#x1f366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVED ICE|&#x1f367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE CREAM|&#x1f368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUGHNUT|&#x1f369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COOKIE|&#x1f36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHOCOLATE BAR|&#x1f36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANDY|&#x1f36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOLLIPOP|&#x1f36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUSTARD|&#x1f36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HONEY POT|&#x1f36f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F37x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTCAKE|&#x1f370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENTO BOX|&#x1f371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POT OF FOOD|&#x1f372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COOKING|&#x1f373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORK AND KNIFE|&#x1f374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEACUP WITHOUT HANDLE|&#x1f375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAKE BOTTLE AND CUP|&#x1f376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WINE GLASS|&#x1f377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COCKTAIL GLASS|&#x1f378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TROPICAL DRINK|&#x1f379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEER MUG|&#x1f37a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLINKING BEER MUGS|&#x1f37b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BABY BOTTLE|&#x1f37c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORK AND KNIFE WITH PLATE|&#x1f37d;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTLE WITH POPPING CORK|&#x1f37e;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POPCORN|&#x1f37f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F38x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON|&#x1f380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRAPPED PRESENT|&#x1f381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIRTHDAY CAKE|&#x1f382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JACK-O-LANTERN|&#x1f383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHRISTMAS TREE|&#x1f384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FATHER CHRISTMAS|&#x1f385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIREWORKS|&#x1f386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIREWORK SPARKLER|&#x1f387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON|&#x1f388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTY POPPER|&#x1f389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONFETTI BALL|&#x1f38a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANABATA TREE|&#x1f38b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED FLAGS|&#x1f38c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINE DECORATION|&#x1f38d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE DOLLS|&#x1f38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARP STREAMER|&#x1f38f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F39x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIND CHIME|&#x1f390;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOON VIEWING CEREMONY|&#x1f391;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCHOOL SATCHEL|&#x1f392;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRADUATION CAP|&#x1f393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEART WITH TIP ON THE LEFT|&#x1f394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOUQUET OF FLOWERS|&#x1f395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILITARY MEDAL|&#x1f396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REMINDER RIBBON|&#x1f397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL KEYBOARD WITH JACKS|&#x1f398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STUDIO MICROPHONE|&#x1f399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEVEL SLIDER|&#x1f39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTROL KNOBS|&#x1f39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED ASCENDING MUSICAL NOTES|&#x1f39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED DESCENDING MUSICAL NOTES|&#x1f39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FILM FRAMES|&#x1f39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMISSION TICKETS|&#x1f39f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAROUSEL HORSE|&#x1f3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRIS WHEEL|&#x1f3a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROLLER COASTER|&#x1f3a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHING POLE AND FISH|&#x1f3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICROPHONE|&#x1f3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOVIE CAMERA|&#x1f3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CINEMA|&#x1f3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADPHONE|&#x1f3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARTIST PALETTE|&#x1f3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HAT|&#x1f3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCUS TENT|&#x1f3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TICKET|&#x1f3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLAPPER BOARD|&#x1f3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERFORMING ARTS|&#x1f3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIDEO GAME|&#x1f3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT HIT|&#x1f3af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOT MACHINE|&#x1f3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BILLIARDS|&#x1f3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GAME DIE|&#x1f3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWLING|&#x1f3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PLAYING CARDS|&#x1f3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL NOTE|&#x1f3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLE MUSICAL NOTES|&#x1f3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAXOPHONE|&#x1f3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUITAR|&#x1f3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL KEYBOARD|&#x1f3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUMPET|&#x1f3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIOLIN|&#x1f3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SCORE|&#x1f3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNNING SHIRT WITH SASH|&#x1f3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENNIS RACQUET AND BALL|&#x1f3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKI AND SKI BOOT|&#x1f3bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BASKETBALL AND HOOP|&#x1f3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEQUERED FLAG|&#x1f3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWBOARDER|&#x1f3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNNER|&#x1f3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFER|&#x1f3c4;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPORTS MEDAL|&#x1f3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TROPHY|&#x1f3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORSE RACING|&#x1f3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMERICAN FOOTBALL|&#x1f3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUGBY FOOTBALL|&#x1f3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SWIMMER|&#x1f3ca;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIGHT LIFTER|&#x1f3cb;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GOLFER|&#x1f3cc;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RACING MOTORCYCLE|&#x1f3cd;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RACING CAR|&#x1f3ce;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CRICKET BAT AND BALL|&#x1f3cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Dx |style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLLEYBALL|&#x1f3d0;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIELD HOCKEY STICK AND BALL|&#x1f3d1;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE HOCKEY STICK AND PUCK|&#x1f3d2;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TABLE TENNIS PADDLE AND BALL|&#x1f3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOW CAPPED MOUNTAIN|&#x1f3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAMPING|&#x1f3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEACH WITH UMBRELLA|&#x1f3d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUILDING CONSTRUCTION|&#x1f3d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE BUILDINGS|&#x1f3d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CITYSCAPE|&#x1f3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DERELICT HOUSE BUILDING|&#x1f3da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLASSICAL BUILDING|&#x1f3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERT|&#x1f3dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERT ISLAND|&#x1f3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL PARK|&#x1f3de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STADIUM|&#x1f3df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE BUILDING|&#x1f3e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE WITH GARDEN|&#x1f3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OFFICE BUILDING|&#x1f3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE POST OFFICE|&#x1f3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EUROPEAN POST OFFICE|&#x1f3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOSPITAL|&#x1f3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANK|&#x1f3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE|&#x1f3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOTEL|&#x1f3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOVE HOTEL|&#x1f3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONVENIENCE STORE|&#x1f3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCHOOL|&#x1f3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEPARTMENT STORE|&#x1f3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACTORY|&#x1f3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IZAKAYA LANTERN|&#x1f3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE CASTLE|&#x1f3ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3Fx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EUROPEAN CASTLE|&#x1f3f0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENNANT|&#x1f3f1;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENNANT|&#x1f3f2;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVING WHITE FLAG|&#x1f3f3;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVING BLACK FLAG|&#x1f3f4;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROSETTE|&#x1f3f5;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK ROSETTE|&#x1f3f6;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LABEL|&#x1f3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BADMINTON RACQUET AND SHUTTLECOCK|&#x1f3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOW AND ARROW|&#x1f3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMPHORA|&#x1f3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2|&#x1f3fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-3|&#x1f3fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-4|&#x1f3fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-5|&#x1f3fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-6|&#x1f3ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F40x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RAT|&#x1f400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUSE|&#x1f401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OX|&#x1f402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATER BUFFALO|&#x1f403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COW|&#x1f404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGER|&#x1f405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEOPARD|&#x1f406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RABBIT|&#x1f407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAT|&#x1f408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAGON|&#x1f409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROCODILE|&#x1f40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHALE|&#x1f40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNAIL|&#x1f40c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNAKE|&#x1f40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORSE|&#x1f40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAM|&#x1f40f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F41x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GOAT|&#x1f410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHEEP|&#x1f411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONKEY|&#x1f412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROOSTER|&#x1f413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHICKEN|&#x1f414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOG|&#x1f415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PIG|&#x1f416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOAR|&#x1f417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEPHANT|&#x1f418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCTOPUS|&#x1f419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPIRAL SHELL|&#x1f41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUG|&#x1f41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANT|&#x1f41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HONEYBEE|&#x1f41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LADY BEETLE|&#x1f41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISH|&#x1f41f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F42x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TROPICAL FISH|&#x1f420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOWFISH|&#x1f421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURTLE|&#x1f422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATCHING CHICK|&#x1f423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BABY CHICK|&#x1f424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-FACING BABY CHICK|&#x1f425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIRD|&#x1f426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENGUIN|&#x1f427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KOALA|&#x1f428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POODLE|&#x1f429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DROMEDARY CAMEL|&#x1f42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACTRIAN CAMEL|&#x1f42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOLPHIN|&#x1f42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUSE FACE|&#x1f42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COW FACE|&#x1f42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGER FACE|&#x1f42f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F43x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RABBIT FACE|&#x1f430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAT FACE|&#x1f431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAGON FACE|&#x1f432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPOUTING WHALE|&#x1f433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORSE FACE|&#x1f434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONKEY FACE|&#x1f435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOG FACE|&#x1f436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PIG FACE|&#x1f437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROG FACE|&#x1f438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMSTER FACE|&#x1f439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOLF FACE|&#x1f43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAR FACE|&#x1f43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PANDA FACE|&#x1f43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PIG NOSE|&#x1f43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAW PRINTS|&#x1f43e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIPMUNK|&#x1f43f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F44x |{{H:title|dotted=no|EYES|&#x1f440;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EYE|&#x1f441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EAR|&#x1f442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOSE|&#x1f443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUTH|&#x1f444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TONGUE|&#x1f445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISTED HAND SIGN|&#x1f44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVING HAND SIGN|&#x1f44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OK HAND SIGN|&#x1f44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUMBS UP SIGN|&#x1f44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUMBS DOWN SIGN|&#x1f44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLAPPING HANDS SIGN|&#x1f44f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F45x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN HANDS SIGN|&#x1f450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROWN|&#x1f451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMANS HAT|&#x1f452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EYEGLASSES|&#x1f453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NECKTIE|&#x1f454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|T-SHIRT|&#x1f455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JEANS|&#x1f456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRESS|&#x1f457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIMONO|&#x1f458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIKINI|&#x1f459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMANS CLOTHES|&#x1f45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PURSE|&#x1f45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANDBAG|&#x1f45c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUCH|&#x1f45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANS SHOE|&#x1f45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATHLETIC SHOE|&#x1f45f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F46x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH-HEELED SHOE|&#x1f460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMANS SANDAL|&#x1f461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMANS BOOTS|&#x1f462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOOTPRINTS|&#x1f463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUST IN SILHOUETTE|&#x1f464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUSTS IN SILHOUETTE|&#x1f465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOY|&#x1f466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIRL|&#x1f467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN|&#x1f468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMAN|&#x1f469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FAMILY|&#x1f46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN AND WOMAN HOLDING HANDS|&#x1f46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO MEN HOLDING HANDS|&#x1f46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO WOMEN HOLDING HANDS|&#x1f46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POLICE OFFICER|&#x1f46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMAN WITH BUNNY EARS|&#x1f46f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F47x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRIDE WITH VEIL|&#x1f470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BLOND HAIR|&#x1f471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN WITH GUA PI MAO|&#x1f472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN WITH TURBAN|&#x1f473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLDER MAN|&#x1f474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLDER WOMAN|&#x1f475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BABY|&#x1f476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONSTRUCTION WORKER|&#x1f477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINCESS|&#x1f478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE OGRE|&#x1f479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE GOBLIN|&#x1f47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GHOST|&#x1f47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BABY ANGEL|&#x1f47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTRATERRESTRIAL ALIEN|&#x1f47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN MONSTER|&#x1f47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMP|&#x1f47f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F48x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL|&#x1f480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION DESK PERSON|&#x1f481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARDSMAN|&#x1f482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DANCER|&#x1f483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIPSTICK|&#x1f484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIL POLISH|&#x1f485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE MASSAGE|&#x1f486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIRCUT|&#x1f487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BARBER POLE|&#x1f488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRINGE|&#x1f489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PILL|&#x1f48a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KISS MARK|&#x1f48b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOVE LETTER|&#x1f48c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING|&#x1f48d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEM STONE|&#x1f48e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KISS|&#x1f48f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F49x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOUQUET|&#x1f490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUPLE WITH HEART|&#x1f491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDDING|&#x1f492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEATING HEART|&#x1f493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN HEART|&#x1f494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO HEARTS|&#x1f495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLING HEART|&#x1f496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GROWING HEART|&#x1f497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEART WITH ARROW|&#x1f498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLUE HEART|&#x1f499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEN HEART|&#x1f49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YELLOW HEART|&#x1f49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PURPLE HEART|&#x1f49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEART WITH RIBBON|&#x1f49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVOLVING HEARTS|&#x1f49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEART DECORATION|&#x1f49f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND SHAPE WITH A DOT INSIDE|&#x1f4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB|&#x1f4a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGER SYMBOL|&#x1f4a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOMB|&#x1f4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLEEPING SYMBOL|&#x1f4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLLISION SYMBOL|&#x1f4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPLASHING SWEAT SYMBOL|&#x1f4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DROPLET|&#x1f4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH SYMBOL|&#x1f4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PILE OF POO|&#x1f4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEXED BICEPS|&#x1f4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIZZY SYMBOL|&#x1f4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEECH BALLOON|&#x1f4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THOUGHT BALLOON|&#x1f4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLOWER|&#x1f4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HUNDRED POINTS SYMBOL|&#x1f4af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONEY BAG|&#x1f4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURRENCY EXCHANGE|&#x1f4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOLLAR SIGN|&#x1f4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CREDIT CARD|&#x1f4b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANKNOTE WITH YEN SIGN|&#x1f4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANKNOTE WITH DOLLAR SIGN|&#x1f4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANKNOTE WITH EURO SIGN|&#x1f4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BANKNOTE WITH POUND SIGN|&#x1f4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONEY WITH WINGS|&#x1f4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHART WITH UPWARDS TREND AND YEN SIGN|&#x1f4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAT|&#x1f4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSONAL COMPUTER|&#x1f4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRIEFCASE|&#x1f4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINIDISC|&#x1f4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOPPY DISK|&#x1f4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTICAL DISC|&#x1f4bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DVD|&#x1f4c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FILE FOLDER|&#x1f4c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN FILE FOLDER|&#x1f4c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGE WITH CURL|&#x1f4c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGE FACING UP|&#x1f4c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CALENDAR|&#x1f4c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEAR-OFF CALENDAR|&#x1f4c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARD INDEX|&#x1f4c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHART WITH UPWARDS TREND|&#x1f4c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHART WITH DOWNWARDS TREND|&#x1f4c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAR CHART|&#x1f4ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLIPBOARD|&#x1f4cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUSHPIN|&#x1f4cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUND PUSHPIN|&#x1f4cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAPERCLIP|&#x1f4ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHT RULER|&#x1f4cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR RULER|&#x1f4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOOKMARK TABS|&#x1f4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEDGER|&#x1f4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTEBOOK|&#x1f4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTEBOOK WITH DECORATIVE COVER|&#x1f4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED BOOK|&#x1f4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOOK|&#x1f4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEN BOOK|&#x1f4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLUE BOOK|&#x1f4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORANGE BOOK|&#x1f4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOOKS|&#x1f4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAME BADGE|&#x1f4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCROLL|&#x1f4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEMO|&#x1f4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECEIVER|&#x1f4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGER|&#x1f4df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|FAX MACHINE|&#x1f4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATELLITE ANTENNA|&#x1f4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUBLIC ADDRESS LOUDSPEAKER|&#x1f4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEERING MEGAPHONE|&#x1f4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTBOX TRAY|&#x1f4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INBOX TRAY|&#x1f4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PACKAGE|&#x1f4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|E-MAIL SYMBOL|&#x1f4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMING ENVELOPE|&#x1f4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE WITH DOWNWARDS ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED MAILBOX WITH LOWERED FLAG|&#x1f4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED MAILBOX WITH RAISED FLAG|&#x1f4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN MAILBOX WITH RAISED FLAG|&#x1f4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN MAILBOX WITH LOWERED FLAG|&#x1f4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSTBOX|&#x1f4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSTAL HORN|&#x1f4ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWSPAPER|&#x1f4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOBILE PHONE|&#x1f4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOBILE PHONE WITH RIGHTWARDS ARROW AT LEFT|&#x1f4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIBRATION MODE|&#x1f4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOBILE PHONE OFF|&#x1f4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO MOBILE PHONES|&#x1f4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTENNA WITH BARS|&#x1f4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAMERA|&#x1f4f7;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAMERA WITH FLASH|&#x1f4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIDEO CAMERA|&#x1f4f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEVISION|&#x1f4fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIO|&#x1f4fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIDEOCASSETTE|&#x1f4fc;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FILM PROJECTOR|&#x1f4fd;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PORTABLE STEREO|&#x1f4fe;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PRAYER BEADS|&#x1f4ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F50x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TWISTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|&#x1f500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE RIGHTWARDS AND LEFTWARDS OPEN CIRCLE ARROWS|&#x1f501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE RIGHTWARDS AND LEFTWARDS OPEN CIRCLE ARROWS WITH CIRCLED ONE OVERLAY|&#x1f502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE DOWNWARDS AND UPWARDS OPEN CIRCLE ARROWS|&#x1f503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE DOWNWARDS AND UPWARDS OPEN CIRCLE ARROWS|&#x1f504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW BRIGHTNESS SYMBOL|&#x1f505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH BRIGHTNESS SYMBOL|&#x1f506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAKER WITH CANCELLATION STROKE|&#x1f507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAKER|&#x1f508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAKER WITH ONE SOUND WAVE|&#x1f509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAKER WITH THREE SOUND WAVES|&#x1f50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATTERY|&#x1f50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC PLUG|&#x1f50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING MAGNIFYING GLASS|&#x1f50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING MAGNIFYING GLASS|&#x1f50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOCK WITH INK PEN|&#x1f50f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F51x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED LOCK WITH KEY|&#x1f510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEY|&#x1f511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOCK|&#x1f512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN LOCK|&#x1f513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL|&#x1f514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL WITH CANCELLATION STROKE|&#x1f515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOOKMARK|&#x1f516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINK SYMBOL|&#x1f517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIO BUTTON|&#x1f518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ON WITH EXCLAMATION MARK WITH LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOON WITH RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP WITH UPWARDS ARROW ABOVE|&#x1f51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ONE UNDER EIGHTEEN SYMBOL|&#x1f51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYCAP TEN|&#x1f51f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F52x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INPUT SYMBOL FOR LATIN CAPITAL LETTERS|&#x1f520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INPUT SYMBOL FOR LATIN SMALL LETTERS|&#x1f521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INPUT SYMBOL FOR NUMBERS|&#x1f522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INPUT SYMBOL FOR SYMBOLS|&#x1f523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INPUT SYMBOL FOR LATIN LETTERS|&#x1f524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRE|&#x1f525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC TORCH|&#x1f526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRENCH|&#x1f527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER|&#x1f528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUT AND BOLT|&#x1f529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOCHO|&#x1f52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISTOL|&#x1f52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICROSCOPE|&#x1f52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELESCOPE|&#x1f52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRYSTAL BALL|&#x1f52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED STAR WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x1f52f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F53x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE SYMBOL FOR BEGINNER|&#x1f530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIDENT EMBLEM|&#x1f531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE BUTTON|&#x1f532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE BUTTON|&#x1f533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE RED CIRCLE|&#x1f534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE BLUE CIRCLE|&#x1f535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ORANGE DIAMOND|&#x1f536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE BLUE DIAMOND|&#x1f537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ORANGE DIAMOND|&#x1f538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL BLUE DIAMOND|&#x1f539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING RED TRIANGLE|&#x1f53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING RED TRIANGLE|&#x1f53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING SMALL RED TRIANGLE|&#x1f53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING SMALL RED TRIANGLE|&#x1f53d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f53e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f53f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F54x |style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSS POMMEE|&#x1f540;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS POMMEE WITH HALF-CIRCLE BELOW|&#x1f541;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS POMMEE|&#x1f542;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LEFT SEMICIRCLE WITH THREE DOTS|&#x1f543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED RIGHT SEMICIRCLE WITH THREE DOTS|&#x1f544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR MARKS CHAPTER|&#x1f545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LATIN CROSS|&#x1f546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LATIN CROSS|&#x1f547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CELTIC CROSS|&#x1f548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OM SYMBOL|&#x1f549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOVE OF PEACE|&#x1f54a;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAABA|&#x1f54b;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOSQUE|&#x1f54c;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYNAGOGUE|&#x1f54d;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENORAH WITH NINE BRANCHES|&#x1f54e;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWL OF HYGIEIA|&#x1f54f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F55x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE ONE OCLOCK|&#x1f550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TWO OCLOCK|&#x1f551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE THREE OCLOCK|&#x1f552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE FOUR OCLOCK|&#x1f553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE FIVE OCLOCK|&#x1f554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE SIX OCLOCK|&#x1f555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE SEVEN OCLOCK|&#x1f556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE EIGHT OCLOCK|&#x1f557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE NINE OCLOCK|&#x1f558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TEN OCLOCK|&#x1f559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE ELEVEN OCLOCK|&#x1f55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TWELVE OCLOCK|&#x1f55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE ONE-THIRTY|&#x1f55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TWO-THIRTY|&#x1f55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE THREE-THIRTY|&#x1f55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE FOUR-THIRTY|&#x1f55f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F56x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE FIVE-THIRTY|&#x1f560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE SIX-THIRTY|&#x1f561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE SEVEN-THIRTY|&#x1f562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE EIGHT-THIRTY|&#x1f563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE NINE-THIRTY|&#x1f564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TEN-THIRTY|&#x1f565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE ELEVEN-THIRTY|&#x1f566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCK FACE TWELVE-THIRTY|&#x1f567;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SPEAKER|&#x1f568;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SPEAKER WITH ONE SOUND WAVE|&#x1f569;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SPEAKER WITH THREE SOUND WAVES|&#x1f56a;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLHORN|&#x1f56b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLHORN WITH SOUND WAVES|&#x1f56c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RINGING BELL|&#x1f56d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOOK|&#x1f56e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANDLE|&#x1f56f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F57x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANTELPIECE CLOCK|&#x1f570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SKULL AND CROSSBONES|&#x1f571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO PIRACY|&#x1f572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOLE|&#x1f573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN IN BUSINESS SUIT LEVITATING|&#x1f574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLEUTH OR SPY|&#x1f575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SUNGLASSES|&#x1f576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPIDER|&#x1f577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPIDER WEB|&#x1f578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOYSTICK|&#x1f579;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN DANCING|&#x1f57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HAND TELEPHONE RECEIVER|&#x1f57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECEIVER WITH PAGE|&#x1f57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HAND TELEPHONE RECEIVER|&#x1f57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TOUCHTONE TELEPHONE|&#x1f57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TOUCHTONE TELEPHONE|&#x1f57f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F58x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE ON TOP OF MODEM|&#x1f580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLAMSHELL MOBILE PHONE|&#x1f581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK OF ENVELOPE|&#x1f582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAMPED ENVELOPE|&#x1f583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE WITH LIGHTNING|&#x1f584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING ENVELOPE|&#x1f585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEN OVER STAMPED ENVELOPE|&#x1f586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINKED PAPERCLIPS|&#x1f587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PUSHPIN|&#x1f588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT PENCIL|&#x1f589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BALLPOINT PEN|&#x1f58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT FOUNTAIN PEN|&#x1f58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT PAINTBRUSH|&#x1f58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT CRAYON|&#x1f58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WRITING HAND|&#x1f58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED OK HAND SIGN|&#x1f58f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F59x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND WITH FINGERS SPLAYED|&#x1f590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RAISED HAND WITH FINGERS SPLAYED|&#x1f591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED THUMBS UP SIGN|&#x1f592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED THUMBS DOWN SIGN|&#x1f593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED VICTORY HAND|&#x1f594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED HAND WITH MIDDLE FINGER EXTENDED|&#x1f595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND WITH PART BETWEEN MIDDLE AND RING FINGERS|&#x1f596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING LEFT HAND INDEX|&#x1f597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x1f598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x1f599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x1f59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x1f59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|&#x1f59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|&#x1f59f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS BLACK UP POINTING INDEX|&#x1f5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDEWAYS BLACK DOWN POINTING INDEX|&#x1f5a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN POINTING BACKHAND INDEX|&#x1f5a3;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART|&#x1f5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESKTOP COMPUTER|&#x1f5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD AND MOUSE|&#x1f5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE NETWORKED COMPUTERS|&#x1f5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINTER|&#x1f5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POCKET CALCULATOR|&#x1f5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HARD SHELL FLOPPY DISK|&#x1f5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HARD SHELL FLOPPY DISK|&#x1f5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFT SHELL FLOPPY DISK|&#x1f5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE CARTRIDGE|&#x1f5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIRED KEYBOARD|&#x1f5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE BUTTON MOUSE|&#x1f5af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO BUTTON MOUSE|&#x1f5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE BUTTON MOUSE|&#x1f5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRACKBALL|&#x1f5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSONAL COMPUTER|&#x1f5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HARD DISK|&#x1f5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCREEN|&#x1f5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINTER ICON|&#x1f5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FAX ICON|&#x1f5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTICAL DISC ICON|&#x1f5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOCUMENT WITH TEXT|&#x1f5b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOCUMENT WITH TEXT AND PICTURE|&#x1f5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOCUMENT WITH PICTURE|&#x1f5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRAME WITH PICTURE|&#x1f5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRAME WITH TILES|&#x1f5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRAME WITH AN X|&#x1f5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOLDER|&#x1f5bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|FOLDER|&#x1f5c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN FOLDER|&#x1f5c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARD INDEX DIVIDERS|&#x1f5c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARD FILE BOX|&#x1f5c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FILE CABINET|&#x1f5c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY NOTE|&#x1f5c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY NOTE PAGE|&#x1f5c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY NOTE PAD|&#x1f5c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTE|&#x1f5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTE PAGE|&#x1f5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTE PAD|&#x1f5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY DOCUMENT|&#x1f5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY PAGE|&#x1f5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY PAGES|&#x1f5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOCUMENT|&#x1f5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGE|&#x1f5cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGES|&#x1f5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WASTEBASKET|&#x1f5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPIRAL NOTE PAD|&#x1f5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPIRAL CALENDAR PAD|&#x1f5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESKTOP WINDOW|&#x1f5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINIMIZE|&#x1f5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAXIMIZE|&#x1f5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAP|&#x1f5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE RIGHT AND LEFT SEMICIRCLE ARROWS|&#x1f5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCELLATION X|&#x1f5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASE FONT SIZE SYMBOL|&#x1f5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECREASE FONT SIZE SYMBOL|&#x1f5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPRESSION|&#x1f5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD KEY|&#x1f5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROLLED-UP NEWSPAPER|&#x1f5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGE WITH CIRCLED TEXT|&#x1f5df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|STOCK CHART|&#x1f5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER KNIFE|&#x1f5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIPS|&#x1f5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAKING HEAD IN SILHOUETTE|&#x1f5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RAYS ABOVE|&#x1f5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RAYS BELOW|&#x1f5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RAYS LEFT|&#x1f5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RAYS RIGHT|&#x1f5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SPEECH BUBBLE|&#x1f5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SPEECH BUBBLE|&#x1f5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO SPEECH BUBBLES|&#x1f5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE SPEECH BUBBLES|&#x1f5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THOUGHT BUBBLE|&#x1f5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THOUGHT BUBBLE|&#x1f5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGER BUBBLE|&#x1f5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGER BUBBLE|&#x1f5ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MOOD BUBBLE|&#x1f5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING MOOD BUBBLE|&#x1f5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING MOOD|&#x1f5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH BALLOT|&#x1f5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT SCRIPT X|&#x1f5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH SCRIPT X|&#x1f5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOLD SCRIPT X|&#x1f5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH BOLD SCRIPT X|&#x1f5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT CHECK MARK|&#x1f5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH BOLD CHECK|&#x1f5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WORLD MAP|&#x1f5fa;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNT FUJI|&#x1f5fb;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOKYO TOWER|&#x1f5fc;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STATUE OF LIBERTY|&#x1f5fd;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SILHOUETTE OF JAPAN|&#x1f5fe;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOYAI|&#x1f5ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Emoticons''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F60x |style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRINNING FACE|&#x1f600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRINNING FACE WITH SMILING EYES|&#x1f601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY|&#x1f602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1f603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND SMILING EYES|&#x1f604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND COLD SWEAT|&#x1f605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND TIGHTLY-CLOSED EYES|&#x1f606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH HALO|&#x1f607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH HORNS|&#x1f608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WINKING FACE|&#x1f609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH SMILING EYES|&#x1f60a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE SAVOURING DELICIOUS FOOD|&#x1f60b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RELIEVED FACE|&#x1f60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH HEART-SHAPED EYES|&#x1f60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH SUNGLASSES|&#x1f60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMIRKING FACE|&#x1f60f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F61x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL FACE|&#x1f610;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EXPRESSIONLESS FACE|&#x1f611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNAMUSED FACE|&#x1f612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH COLD SWEAT|&#x1f613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENSIVE FACE|&#x1f614;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CONFUSED FACE|&#x1f615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONFOUNDED FACE|&#x1f616;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KISSING FACE|&#x1f617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE THROWING A KISS|&#x1f618;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KISSING FACE WITH SMILING EYES|&#x1f619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KISSING FACE WITH CLOSED EYES|&#x1f61a;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE|&#x1f61b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE AND WINKING EYE|&#x1f61c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE AND TIGHTLY-CLOSED EYES|&#x1f61d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISAPPOINTED FACE|&#x1f61e;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORRIED FACE|&#x1f61f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F62x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGRY FACE|&#x1f620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUTING FACE|&#x1f621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRYING FACE|&#x1f622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSEVERING FACE|&#x1f623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH LOOK OF TRIUMPH|&#x1f624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISAPPOINTED BUT RELIEVED FACE|&#x1f625;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWNING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1f626;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGUISHED FACE|&#x1f627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FEARFUL FACE|&#x1f628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEARY FACE|&#x1f629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLEEPY FACE|&#x1f62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRED FACE|&#x1f62b;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRIMACING FACE|&#x1f62c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOUDLY CRYING FACE|&#x1f62d;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1f62e;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HUSHED FACE|&#x1f62f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F63x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND COLD SWEAT|&#x1f630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE SCREAMING IN FEAR|&#x1f631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTONISHED FACE|&#x1f632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLUSHED FACE|&#x1f633;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SLEEPING FACE|&#x1f634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIZZY FACE|&#x1f635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITHOUT MOUTH|&#x1f636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH MEDICAL MASK|&#x1f637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRINNING CAT FACE WITH SMILING EYES|&#x1f638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAT FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY|&#x1f639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING CAT FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1f63a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING CAT FACE WITH HEART-SHAPED EYES|&#x1f63b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAT FACE WITH WRY SMILE|&#x1f63c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KISSING CAT FACE WITH CLOSED EYES|&#x1f63d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUTING CAT FACE|&#x1f63e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRYING CAT FACE|&#x1f63f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F64x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WEARY CAT FACE|&#x1f640;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SLIGHTLY FROWNING FACE|&#x1f641;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SLIGHTLY SMILING FACE|&#x1f642;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPSIDE-DOWN FACE|&#x1f643;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH ROLLING EYES|&#x1f644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH NO GOOD GESTURE|&#x1f645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH OK GESTURE|&#x1f646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON BOWING DEEPLY|&#x1f647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY|&#x1f648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY|&#x1f649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY|&#x1f64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAPPY PERSON RAISING ONE HAND|&#x1f64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON RAISING BOTH HANDS IN CELEBRATION|&#x1f64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON FROWNING|&#x1f64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH POUTING FACE|&#x1f64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH FOLDED HANDS|&#x1f64f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ornamental Dingbats''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F65x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NORTH WEST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SOUTH WEST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NORTH EAST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SOUTH EAST POINTING LEAF|&#x1f657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH WEST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH WEST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST POINTING VINE LEAF|&#x1f65f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F66x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST POINTING BUD|&#x1f660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST POINTING BUD|&#x1f661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST POINTING BUD|&#x1f662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST POINTING BUD|&#x1f663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH WEST POINTING BUD|&#x1f664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH WEST POINTING BUD|&#x1f665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST POINTING BUD|&#x1f666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST POINTING BUD|&#x1f667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOLLOW QUILT SQUARE ORNAMENT|&#x1f668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOLLOW QUILT SQUARE ORNAMENT IN BLACK SQUARE|&#x1f669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLID QUILT SQUARE ORNAMENT|&#x1f66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLID QUILT SQUARE ORNAMENT IN BLACK SQUARE|&#x1f66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ROCKET|&#x1f66c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ROCKET|&#x1f66d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ROCKET|&#x1f66e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ROCKET|&#x1f66f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F67x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT LIGATURE ET ORNAMENT|&#x1f670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SCRIPT LIGATURE ET ORNAMENT|&#x1f671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGATURE OPEN ET ORNAMENT|&#x1f672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LIGATURE OPEN ET ORNAMENT|&#x1f673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY AMPERSAND ORNAMENT|&#x1f674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SWASH AMPERSAND ORNAMENT|&#x1f675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SANS-SERIF HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x1f676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SANS-SERIF HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x1f677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SANS-SERIF HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x1f678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY INTERROBANG ORNAMENT|&#x1f679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SANS-SERIF INTERROBANG ORNAMENT|&#x1f67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SANS-SERIF INTERROBANG ORNAMENT|&#x1f67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY SOLIDUS|&#x1f67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY REVERSE SOLIDUS|&#x1f67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECKER BOARD|&#x1f67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE CHECKER BOARD|&#x1f67f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Transport and Map Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F68x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ROCKET|&#x1f680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELICOPTER|&#x1f681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STEAM LOCOMOTIVE|&#x1f682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAILWAY CAR|&#x1f683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH-SPEED TRAIN|&#x1f684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH-SPEED TRAIN WITH BULLET NOSE|&#x1f685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRAIN|&#x1f686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRO|&#x1f687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RAIL|&#x1f688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STATION|&#x1f689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRAM|&#x1f68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRAM CAR|&#x1f68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUS|&#x1f68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONCOMING BUS|&#x1f68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TROLLEYBUS|&#x1f68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUS STOP|&#x1f68f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F69x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MINIBUS|&#x1f690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMBULANCE|&#x1f691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRE ENGINE|&#x1f692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POLICE CAR|&#x1f693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONCOMING POLICE CAR|&#x1f694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAXI|&#x1f695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONCOMING TAXI|&#x1f696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUTOMOBILE|&#x1f697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONCOMING AUTOMOBILE|&#x1f698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECREATIONAL VEHICLE|&#x1f699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELIVERY TRUCK|&#x1f69a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARTICULATED LORRY|&#x1f69b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRACTOR|&#x1f69c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONORAIL|&#x1f69d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN RAILWAY|&#x1f69e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUSPENSION RAILWAY|&#x1f69f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN CABLEWAY|&#x1f6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AERIAL TRAMWAY|&#x1f6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHIP|&#x1f6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROWBOAT|&#x1f6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPEEDBOAT|&#x1f6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TRAFFIC LIGHT|&#x1f6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TRAFFIC LIGHT|&#x1f6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONSTRUCTION SIGN|&#x1f6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POLICE CARS REVOLVING LIGHT|&#x1f6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR FLAG ON POST|&#x1f6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOOR|&#x1f6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY SIGN|&#x1f6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMOKING SYMBOL|&#x1f6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO SMOKING SYMBOL|&#x1f6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUT LITTER IN ITS PLACE SYMBOL|&#x1f6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DO NOT LITTER SYMBOL|&#x1f6af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|POTABLE WATER SYMBOL|&#x1f6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-POTABLE WATER SYMBOL|&#x1f6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BICYCLE|&#x1f6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO BICYCLES|&#x1f6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BICYCLIST|&#x1f6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN BICYCLIST|&#x1f6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEDESTRIAN|&#x1f6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO PEDESTRIANS|&#x1f6b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHILDREN CROSSING|&#x1f6b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENS SYMBOL|&#x1f6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMENS SYMBOL|&#x1f6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTROOM|&#x1f6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BABY SYMBOL|&#x1f6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOILET|&#x1f6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATER CLOSET|&#x1f6be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOWER|&#x1f6bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Cx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BATH|&#x1f6c0;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BATHTUB|&#x1f6c1;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSPORT CONTROL|&#x1f6c2;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUSTOMS|&#x1f6c3;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAGGAGE CLAIM|&#x1f6c4;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LUGGAGE|&#x1f6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|&#x1f6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROHIBITED SIGN|&#x1f6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED INFORMATION SOURCE|&#x1f6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOYS SYMBOL|&#x1f6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIRLS SYMBOL|&#x1f6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUCH AND LAMP|&#x1f6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLEEPING ACCOMMODATION|&#x1f6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOPPING BAGS|&#x1f6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BELLHOP BELL|&#x1f6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BED|&#x1f6cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Dx |style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF WORSHIP|&#x1f6d0;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OCTAGONAL SIGN|&#x1f6d1;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOPPING TROLLEY|&#x1f6d2;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STUPA|&#x1f6d3;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAGODA|&#x1f6d4;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HINDU TEMPLE|&#x1f6d5;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HUT|&#x1f6d6;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEVATOR|&#x1f6d7;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LANDSLIDE|&#x1f6d8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTHOUSE|&#x1f6d9;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEATBELT SIGN|&#x1f6da;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NO CARS|&#x1f6db;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIRELESS|&#x1f6dc;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLAYGROUND SLIDE|&#x1f6dd;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL|&#x1f6de;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING BUOY|&#x1f6df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND WRENCH|&#x1f6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHIELD|&#x1f6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OIL DRUM|&#x1f6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOTORWAY|&#x1f6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAILWAY TRACK|&#x1f6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOTOR BOAT|&#x1f6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING MILITARY AIRPLANE|&#x1f6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING AIRPLANE|&#x1f6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING SMALL AIRPLANE|&#x1f6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL AIRPLANE|&#x1f6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTHEAST-POINTING AIRPLANE|&#x1f6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE DEPARTURE|&#x1f6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE ARRIVING|&#x1f6ec;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT AIR BALLOON|&#x1f6ed;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRSHIP|&#x1f6ee;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAPLANE|&#x1f6ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SATELLITE|&#x1f6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONCOMING FIRE ENGINE|&#x1f6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE|&#x1f6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSENGER SHIP|&#x1f6f3;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCOOTER|&#x1f6f4;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOTOR SCOOTER|&#x1f6f5;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANOE|&#x1f6f6;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SLED|&#x1f6f7;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING SAUCER|&#x1f6f8;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SKATEBOARD|&#x1f6f9;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AUTO RICKSHAW|&#x1f6fa;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PICKUP TRUCK|&#x1f6fb;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROLLER SKATE|&#x1f6fc;}}||style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKLIFT|&#x1f6fd;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCAVATOR|&#x1f6fe;}}||style="background:#457d8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBMARINE|&#x1f6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Alchemical Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F70x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR QUINTESSENCE|&#x1f700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AIR|&#x1f701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR FIRE|&#x1f702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR EARTH|&#x1f703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR WATER|&#x1f704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AQUAFORTIS|&#x1f705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AQUA REGIA|&#x1f706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AQUA REGIA-2|&#x1f707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AQUA VITAE|&#x1f708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AQUA VITAE-2|&#x1f709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VINEGAR|&#x1f70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VINEGAR-2|&#x1f70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VINEGAR-3|&#x1f70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SULFUR|&#x1f70d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR PHILOSOPHERS SULFUR|&#x1f70e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BLACK SULFUR|&#x1f70f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F71x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MERCURY SUBLIMATE|&#x1f710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MERCURY SUBLIMATE-2|&#x1f711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MERCURY SUBLIMATE-3|&#x1f712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CINNABAR|&#x1f713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SALT|&#x1f714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR NITRE|&#x1f715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VITRIOL|&#x1f716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VITRIOL-2|&#x1f717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ROCK SALT|&#x1f718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ROCK SALT-2|&#x1f719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR GOLD|&#x1f71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SILVER|&#x1f71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR IRON ORE|&#x1f71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR IRON ORE-2|&#x1f71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CROCUS OF IRON|&#x1f71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS OF IRON|&#x1f71f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F72x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR COPPER ORE|&#x1f720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR IRON-COPPER ORE|&#x1f721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SUBLIMATE OF COPPER|&#x1f722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CROCUS OF COPPER|&#x1f723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CROCUS OF COPPER-2|&#x1f724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR COPPER ANTIMONIATE|&#x1f725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SALT OF COPPER ANTIMONIATE|&#x1f726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SUBLIMATE OF SALT OF COPPER|&#x1f727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VERDIGRIS|&#x1f728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TIN ORE|&#x1f729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR LEAD ORE|&#x1f72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ANTIMONY ORE|&#x1f72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SUBLIMATE OF ANTIMONY|&#x1f72c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SALT OF ANTIMONY|&#x1f72d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SUBLIMATE OF SALT OF ANTIMONY|&#x1f72e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR VINEGAR OF ANTIMONY|&#x1f72f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F73x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS OF ANTIMONY|&#x1f730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS OF ANTIMONY-2|&#x1f731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS|&#x1f732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS-2|&#x1f733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS-3|&#x1f734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REGULUS-4|&#x1f735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ALKALI|&#x1f736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ALKALI-2|&#x1f737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MARCASITE|&#x1f738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SAL-AMMONIAC|&#x1f739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ARSENIC|&#x1f73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REALGAR|&#x1f73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR REALGAR-2|&#x1f73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AURIPIGMENT|&#x1f73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BISMUTH ORE|&#x1f73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TARTAR|&#x1f73f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F74x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TARTAR-2|&#x1f740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR QUICK LIME|&#x1f741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BORAX|&#x1f742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BORAX-2|&#x1f743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BORAX-3|&#x1f744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ALUM|&#x1f745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR OIL|&#x1f746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SPIRIT|&#x1f747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TINCTURE|&#x1f748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR GUM|&#x1f749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR WAX|&#x1f74a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR POWDER|&#x1f74b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CALX|&#x1f74c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TUTTY|&#x1f74d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CAPUT MORTUUM|&#x1f74e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SCEPTER OF JOVE|&#x1f74f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F75x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CADUCEUS|&#x1f750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR TRIDENT|&#x1f751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR STARRED TRIDENT|&#x1f752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR LODESTONE|&#x1f753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SOAP|&#x1f754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR URINE|&#x1f755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR HORSE DUNG|&#x1f756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ASHES|&#x1f757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR POT ASHES|&#x1f758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BRICK|&#x1f759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR POWDERED BRICK|&#x1f75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR AMALGAM|&#x1f75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR STRATUM SUPER STRATUM|&#x1f75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR STRATUM SUPER STRATUM-2|&#x1f75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SUBLIMATION|&#x1f75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR PRECIPITATE|&#x1f75f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F76x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR DISTILL|&#x1f760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR DISSOLVE|&#x1f761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR DISSOLVE-2|&#x1f762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR PURIFY|&#x1f763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR PUTREFACTION|&#x1f764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CRUCIBLE|&#x1f765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CRUCIBLE-2|&#x1f766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CRUCIBLE-3|&#x1f767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CRUCIBLE-4|&#x1f768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR CRUCIBLE-5|&#x1f769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR ALEMBIC|&#x1f76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BATH OF MARY|&#x1f76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR BATH OF VAPOURS|&#x1f76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR RETORT|&#x1f76d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR HOUR|&#x1f76e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR NIGHT|&#x1f76f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0c0" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F77x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR DAY-NIGHT|&#x1f770;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MONTH|&#x1f771;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR HALF DRAM|&#x1f772;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR HALF OUNCE|&#x1f773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOT OF FORTUNE|&#x1f774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCCULTATION|&#x1f775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LUNAR ECLIPSE|&#x1f776;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA FORM TWO|&#x1f777;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA FORM TWO|&#x1f778;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA FORM TWO|&#x1f779;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTHENOPE FORM TWO|&#x1f77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAUMEA|&#x1f77B;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKEMAKE|&#x1f77C;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GONGGONG|&#x1f77D;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUAOAR|&#x1f77E;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORCUS|&#x1f77F;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F78x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING ISOSCELES RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING ISOSCELES RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING ISOSCELES RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING ISOSCELES RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SLIGHTLY SMALL CIRCLE|&#x1f784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BOLD WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL CIRCLE|&#x1f78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROUND TARGET|&#x1f78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TINY SQUARE|&#x1f78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SLIGHTLY SMALL SQUARE|&#x1f78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f78f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F79x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY WHITE SQUARE|&#x1f793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|&#x1f794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|&#x1f795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE TARGET|&#x1f796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TINY DIAMOND|&#x1f797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL DIAMOND|&#x1f798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL DIAMOND|&#x1f799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK VERY SMALL DIAMOND|&#x1f79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|&#x1f79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND TARGET|&#x1f79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TINY LOZENGE|&#x1f79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL LOZENGE|&#x1f79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL LOZENGE|&#x1f79f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LOZENGE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|&#x1f7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY BOLD GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY GREEK CROSS|&#x1f7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SALTIRE|&#x1f7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SALTIRE|&#x1f7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SALTIRE|&#x1f7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD SALTIRE|&#x1f7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SALTIRE|&#x1f7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY SALTIRE|&#x1f7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY SALTIRE|&#x1f7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY FIVE SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTREMELY HEAVY SIX SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOLD EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x1f7bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT THREE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM THREE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM THREE POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FOUR POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FOUR POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE LIGHT FOUR POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FIVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FIVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Dx |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY HEAVY EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7d0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7d1;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7d2;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x1f7d3;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TWELVE POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x1f7d4;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE|&#x1f7d5;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED TRIANGLE|&#x1f7d6;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED SQUARE|&#x1f7d7;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED SQUARE|&#x1f7d8;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NINE POINTED WHITE STAR|&#x1f7d9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE VERTICAL BAR|&#x1f7da;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|&#x1f7db;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ORANGE CIRCLE|&#x1f7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE YELLOW CIRCLE|&#x1f7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE GREEN CIRCLE|&#x1f7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE PURPLE CIRCLE|&#x1f7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE BROWN CIRCLE|&#x1f7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE RED SQUARE|&#x1f7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE BLUE SQUARE|&#x1f7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ORANGE SQUARE|&#x1f7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE YELLOW SQUARE|&#x1f7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE GREEN SQUARE|&#x1f7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE PURPLE SQUARE|&#x1f7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE BROWN SQUARE|&#x1f7eb;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NOT EQUALS SIGN|&#x1f7ec;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#c8a36f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7Fx |style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EQUALS SIGN|&#x1f7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL LINE|&#x1f7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLE WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL LINE|&#x1f7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOTTOM RIGHT OBLIQUE HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1f7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1f7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPARENT CUBE|&#x1f7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CUBE|&#x1f7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL DOUBLE WHITE SMALL SQUARE|&#x1f7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL DOUBLE WHITE SMALL SQUARE|&#x1f7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BISECTED|&#x1f7fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BISECTED|&#x1f7fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BISECTING LINES|&#x1f7fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT FLATTENED RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f7fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT FLATTENED RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x1f7fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RHOMBUS|&#x1f7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F80x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH MEDIUM TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH MEDIUM TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH MEDIUM TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH MEDIUM TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f80b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F81x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x1f81f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F82x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH NARROW SHAFT|&#x1f820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH NARROW SHAFT|&#x1f821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH NARROW SHAFT|&#x1f822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH NARROW SHAFT|&#x1f823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH MEDIUM SHAFT|&#x1f824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH MEDIUM SHAFT|&#x1f825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH MEDIUM SHAFT|&#x1f826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH MEDIUM SHAFT|&#x1f827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH BOLD SHAFT|&#x1f828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH BOLD SHAFT|&#x1f829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH BOLD SHAFT|&#x1f82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH BOLD SHAFT|&#x1f82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f82f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F83x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERY HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERY HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERY HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERY HEAVY SHAFT|&#x1f833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS FINGER-POST ARROW|&#x1f834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS FINGER-POST ARROW|&#x1f835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS FINGER-POST ARROW|&#x1f836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS FINGER-POST ARROW|&#x1f837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUARED ARROW|&#x1f838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS SQUARED ARROW|&#x1f839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUARED ARROW|&#x1f83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS SQUARED ARROW|&#x1f83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f83f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F84x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HEAVY COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HEAVY COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HEAVY COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HEAVY COMPRESSED ARROW|&#x1f843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HEAVY ARROW|&#x1f844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HEAVY ARROW|&#x1f845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HEAVY ARROW|&#x1f846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HEAVY ARROW|&#x1f847;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F85x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN SANS-SERIF ARROW|&#x1f859;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F86x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED LEFTWARDS LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED UPWARDS LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED DOWNWARDS LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH WEST LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH EAST LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH EAST LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH WEST LIGHT BARB ARROW|&#x1f867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED LEFTWARDS BARB ARROW|&#x1f868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED UPWARDS BARB ARROW|&#x1f869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS BARB ARROW|&#x1f86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED DOWNWARDS BARB ARROW|&#x1f86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH WEST BARB ARROW|&#x1f86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH EAST BARB ARROW|&#x1f86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH EAST BARB ARROW|&#x1f86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH WEST BARB ARROW|&#x1f86f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F87x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED LEFTWARDS MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED UPWARDS MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED DOWNWARDS MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH WEST MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH EAST MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH EAST MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH WEST MEDIUM BARB ARROW|&#x1f877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED LEFTWARDS HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED UPWARDS HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED DOWNWARDS HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH WEST HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH EAST HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH EAST HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH WEST HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f87f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F88x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED LEFTWARDS VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED UPWARDS VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED DOWNWARDS VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH WEST VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED NORTH EAST VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH EAST VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WIDE-HEADED SOUTH WEST VERY HEAVY BARB ARROW|&#x1f887;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F89x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW WITHIN TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW WITHIN TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW WITHIN TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW WITHIN TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD|&#x1f897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH NOTCHED TAIL|&#x1f898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH NOTCHED TAIL|&#x1f899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH NOTCHED TAIL|&#x1f89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH NOTCHED TAIL|&#x1f89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ARROW SHAFT WIDTH ONE|&#x1f89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ARROW SHAFT WIDTH TWO THIRDS|&#x1f89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ARROW SHAFT WIDTH ONE HALF|&#x1f89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ARROW SHAFT WIDTH ONE THIRD|&#x1f89f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BOTTOM-SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BOTTOM SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TOP SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TOP SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS LEFT-SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS RIGHT-SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS RIGHT-SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS LEFT-SHADED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE ARROW|&#x1f8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE ARROW SHAFT WIDTH ONE|&#x1f8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE ARROW SHAFT WIDTH TWO THIRDS|&#x1f8ad;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Bx |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING UPWARDS THEN NORTH WEST|&#x1f8b0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING SOUTH WEST|&#x1f8b1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOWER HOOK|&#x1f8b2;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW TO BAR|&#x1f8b3;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8b4;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED UPWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8b5;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8b6;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8b7;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW FROM BAR|&#x1f8b8;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW FROM BAR|&#x1f8b9;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW FROM BAR|&#x1f8ba;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW FROM BAR|&#x1f8bb;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Cx |style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8c0;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8c1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Dx |style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x1f8d0;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x1f8d1;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x1f8d2;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x1f8d3;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x1f8d4;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x1f8d5;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|&#x1f8d6;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE SLASH|&#x1f8d7;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DEPENDENT LOBE|&#x1f8d8;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F90x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSS FORMEE WITH FOUR DOTS|&#x1f900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSS FORMEE WITH TWO DOTS|&#x1f901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSS FORMEE|&#x1f902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH FOUR DOTS|&#x1f903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH THREE DOTS|&#x1f904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|&#x1f905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH DOT|&#x1f906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF CIRCLE|&#x1f907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARD FACING HOOK|&#x1f908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARD FACING NOTCHED HOOK|&#x1f909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARD FACING HOOK WITH DOT|&#x1f90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARD FACING NOTCHED HOOK WITH DOT|&#x1f90b;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PINCHED FINGERS|&#x1f90c;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART|&#x1f90d;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BROWN HEART|&#x1f90e;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PINCHING HAND|&#x1f90f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F91x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZIPPER-MOUTH FACE|&#x1f910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONEY-MOUTH FACE|&#x1f911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH THERMOMETER|&#x1f912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NERD FACE|&#x1f913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THINKING FACE|&#x1f914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH HEAD-BANDAGE|&#x1f915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROBOT FACE|&#x1f916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HUGGING FACE|&#x1f917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGN OF THE HORNS|&#x1f918;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CALL ME HAND|&#x1f919;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED BACK OF HAND|&#x1f91a;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING FIST|&#x1f91b;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING FIST|&#x1f91c;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANDSHAKE|&#x1f91d;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAND WITH INDEX AND MIDDLE FINGERS CROSSED|&#x1f91e;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|I LOVE YOU HAND SIGN|&#x1f91f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F92x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH COWBOY HAT|&#x1f920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOWN FACE|&#x1f921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAUSEATED FACE|&#x1f922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROLLING ON THE FLOOR LAUGHING|&#x1f923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DROOLING FACE|&#x1f924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYING FACE|&#x1f925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE PALM|&#x1f926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNEEZING FACE|&#x1f927;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH ONE EYEBROW RAISED|&#x1f928;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRINNING FACE WITH STAR EYES|&#x1f929;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRINNING FACE WITH ONE LARGE AND ONE SMALL EYE|&#x1f92a;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH FINGER COVERING CLOSED LIPS|&#x1f92b;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SERIOUS FACE WITH SYMBOLS COVERING MOUTH|&#x1f92c;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH SMILING EYES AND HAND COVERING MOUTH|&#x1f92d;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH VOMITING|&#x1f92e;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOCKED FACE WITH EXPLODING HEAD|&#x1f92f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F93x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PREGNANT WOMAN|&#x1f930;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BREAST-FEEDING|&#x1f931;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMS UP TOGETHER|&#x1f932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SELFIE|&#x1f933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINCE|&#x1f934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAN IN TUXEDO|&#x1f935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOTHER CHRISTMAS|&#x1f936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHRUG|&#x1f937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON DOING CARTWHEEL|&#x1f938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUGGLING|&#x1f939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FENCER|&#x1f93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODERN PENTATHLON|&#x1f93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRESTLERS|&#x1f93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATER POLO|&#x1f93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANDBALL|&#x1f93e;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVING MASK|&#x1f93f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F94x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WILTED FLOWER|&#x1f940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRUM WITH DRUMSTICKS|&#x1f941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLINKING GLASSES|&#x1f942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TUMBLER GLASS|&#x1f943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPOON|&#x1f944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOAL NET|&#x1f945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIFLE|&#x1f946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST PLACE MEDAL|&#x1f947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECOND PLACE MEDAL|&#x1f948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIRD PLACE MEDAL|&#x1f949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOXING GLOVE|&#x1f94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARTIAL ARTS UNIFORM|&#x1f94b;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLING STONE|&#x1f94c;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LACROSSE STICK AND BALL|&#x1f94d;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTBALL|&#x1f94e;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING DISC|&#x1f94f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F95x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CROISSANT|&#x1f950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVOCADO|&#x1f951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUCUMBER|&#x1f952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACON|&#x1f953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POTATO|&#x1f954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARROT|&#x1f955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAGUETTE BREAD|&#x1f956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEN SALAD|&#x1f957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHALLOW PAN OF FOOD|&#x1f958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STUFFED FLATBREAD|&#x1f959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EGG|&#x1f95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLASS OF MILK|&#x1f95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEANUTS|&#x1f95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIWIFRUIT|&#x1f95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PANCAKES|&#x1f95e;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DUMPLING|&#x1f95f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F96x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FORTUNE COOKIE|&#x1f960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKEOUT BOX|&#x1f961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHOPSTICKS|&#x1f962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWL WITH SPOON|&#x1f963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP WITH STRAW|&#x1f964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COCONUT|&#x1f965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROCCOLI|&#x1f966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PIE|&#x1f967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRETZEL|&#x1f968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUT OF MEAT|&#x1f969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SANDWICH|&#x1f96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANNED FOOD|&#x1f96b;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEAFY GREEN|&#x1f96c;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANGO|&#x1f96d;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOON CAKE|&#x1f96e;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAGEL|&#x1f96f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F97x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH SMILING EYES AND THREE HEARTS|&#x1f970;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YAWNING FACE|&#x1f971;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILING FACE WITH TEAR|&#x1f972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH PARTY HORN AND PARTY HAT|&#x1f973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH UNEVEN EYES AND WAVY MOUTH|&#x1f974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERHEATED FACE|&#x1f975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FREEZING FACE|&#x1f976;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NINJA|&#x1f977;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DISGUISED FACE|&#x1f978;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE HOLDING BACK TEARS|&#x1f979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH PLEADING EYES|&#x1f97a;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SARI|&#x1f97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAB COAT|&#x1f97c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOGGLES|&#x1f97d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIKING BOOT|&#x1f97e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAT SHOE|&#x1f97f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F98x |style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CRAB|&#x1f980;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LION FACE|&#x1f981;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPION|&#x1f982;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKEY|&#x1f983;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNICORN FACE|&#x1f984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EAGLE|&#x1f985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUCK|&#x1f986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAT|&#x1f987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARK|&#x1f988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OWL|&#x1f989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOX FACE|&#x1f98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUTTERFLY|&#x1f98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEER|&#x1f98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GORILLA|&#x1f98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIZARD|&#x1f98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RHINOCEROS|&#x1f98f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F99x |style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHRIMP|&#x1f990;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUID|&#x1f991;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GIRAFFE FACE|&#x1f992;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEBRA FACE|&#x1f993;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEDGEHOG|&#x1f994;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUROPOD|&#x1f995;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|T-REX|&#x1f996;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CRICKET|&#x1f997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGAROO|&#x1f998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LLAMA|&#x1f999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACOCK|&#x1f99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIPPOPOTAMUS|&#x1f99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARROT|&#x1f99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RACCOON|&#x1f99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOBSTER|&#x1f99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOSQUITO|&#x1f99f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Ax |style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MICROBE|&#x1f9a0;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BADGER|&#x1f9a1;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWAN|&#x1f9a2;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAMMOTH|&#x1f9a3;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DODO|&#x1f9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOTH|&#x1f9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTER|&#x1f9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORANGUTAN|&#x1f9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKUNK|&#x1f9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAMINGO|&#x1f9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OYSTER|&#x1f9aa;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAVER|&#x1f9ab;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BISON|&#x1f9ac;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL|&#x1f9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUIDE DOG|&#x1f9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROBING CANE|&#x1f9af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI COMPONENT RED HAIR|&#x1f9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI COMPONENT CURLY HAIR|&#x1f9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI COMPONENT BALD|&#x1f9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMOJI COMPONENT WHITE HAIR|&#x1f9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BONE|&#x1f9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEG|&#x1f9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOOT|&#x1f9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOOTH|&#x1f9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERHERO|&#x1f9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERVILLAIN|&#x1f9b9;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAFETY VEST|&#x1f9ba;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAR WITH HEARING AID|&#x1f9bb;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOTORIZED WHEELCHAIR|&#x1f9bc;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANUAL WHEELCHAIR|&#x1f9bd;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MECHANICAL ARM|&#x1f9be;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MECHANICAL LEG|&#x1f9bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Cx |style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEESE WEDGE|&#x1f9c0;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPCAKE|&#x1f9c1;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SALT SHAKER|&#x1f9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEVERAGE BOX|&#x1f9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARLIC|&#x1f9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONION|&#x1f9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALAFEL|&#x1f9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAFFLE|&#x1f9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUTTER|&#x1f9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATE DRINK|&#x1f9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE CUBE|&#x1f9ca;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BUBBLE TEA|&#x1f9cb;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TROLL|&#x1f9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STANDING PERSON|&#x1f9cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KNEELING PERSON|&#x1f9ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEAF PERSON|&#x1f9cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH MONOCLE|&#x1f9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADULT|&#x1f9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHILD|&#x1f9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLDER ADULT|&#x1f9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEARDED PERSON|&#x1f9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH HEADSCARF|&#x1f9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON IN STEAMY ROOM|&#x1f9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON CLIMBING|&#x1f9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON IN LOTUS POSITION|&#x1f9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAGE|&#x1f9d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FAIRY|&#x1f9da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAMPIRE|&#x1f9db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERPERSON|&#x1f9dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELF|&#x1f9dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GENIE|&#x1f9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZOMBIE|&#x1f9df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Ex |style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAIN|&#x1f9e0;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORANGE HEART|&#x1f9e1;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BILLED CAP|&#x1f9e2;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCARF|&#x1f9e3;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLOVES|&#x1f9e4;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COAT|&#x1f9e5;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCKS|&#x1f9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RED GIFT ENVELOPE|&#x1f9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRECRACKER|&#x1f9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JIGSAW PUZZLE PIECE|&#x1f9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEST TUBE|&#x1f9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PETRI DISH|&#x1f9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DNA DOUBLE HELIX|&#x1f9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPASS|&#x1f9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ABACUS|&#x1f9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRE EXTINGUISHER|&#x1f9ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOOLBOX|&#x1f9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRICK|&#x1f9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAGNET|&#x1f9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LUGGAGE|&#x1f9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOTION BOTTLE|&#x1f9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPOOL OF THREAD|&#x1f9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALL OF YARN|&#x1f9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAFETY PIN|&#x1f9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEDDY BEAR|&#x1f9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROOM|&#x1f9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASKET|&#x1f9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROLL OF PAPER|&#x1f9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAR OF SOAP|&#x1f9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPONGE|&#x1f9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECEIPT|&#x1f9fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAZAR AMULET|&#x1f9ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Chess Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KING|&#x1fa00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS QUEEN|&#x1fa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS ROOK|&#x1fa02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS BISHOP|&#x1fa03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT|&#x1fa04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS PAWN|&#x1fa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED FORTY-FIVE DEGREE|&#x1fa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED FORTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED FORTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KING ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS QUEEN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS ROOK ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS BISHOP ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS PAWN ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED KING|&#x1fa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED QUEEN|&#x1fa1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED ROOK|&#x1fa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED BISHOP|&#x1fa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED KNIGHT|&#x1fa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS TURNED PAWN|&#x1fa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED KING|&#x1fa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED QUEEN|&#x1fa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED ROOK|&#x1fa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED BISHOP|&#x1fa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED KNIGHT|&#x1fa28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS TURNED PAWN|&#x1fa29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED KING|&#x1fa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED QUEEN|&#x1fa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED ROOK|&#x1fa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED BISHOP|&#x1fa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED KNIGHT|&#x1fa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS TURNED PAWN|&#x1fa2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE DEGREES|&#x1fa32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KING ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#e896ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS QUEEN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS ROOK ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS BISHOP ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS PAWN ROTATED TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY DEGREES|&#x1fa44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED THREE HUNDRED FIFTEEN DEGREES|&#x1fa45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED THREE HUNDRED FIFTEEN DEGREES|&#x1fa46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS KNIGHT ROTATED THREE HUNDRED FIFTEEN DEGREES|&#x1fa47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS EQUIHOPPER|&#x1fa48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS EQUIHOPPER|&#x1fa49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS EQUIHOPPER|&#x1fa4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS EQUIHOPPER ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS EQUIHOPPER ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTRAL CHESS EQUIHOPPER ROTATED NINETY DEGREES|&#x1fa4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT-QUEEN|&#x1fa4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT-ROOK|&#x1fa4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA5x |style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT-BISHOP|&#x1fa50;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-QUEEN|&#x1fa51;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-ROOK|&#x1fa52;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-BISHOP|&#x1fa53;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS FERZ|&#x1fa54;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ALFIL|&#x1fa55;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS FERZ|&#x1fa56;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ALFIL|&#x1fa57;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS WAZIR|&#x1fa58;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS WAZIR|&#x1fa59;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS CAMEL|&#x1fa5a;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS CAMEL|&#x1fa5b;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS GIRAFFE|&#x1fa5c;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS GIRAFFE|&#x1fa5d;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS DABBABA|&#x1fa5e;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS DABBABA|&#x1fa5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED GENERAL|&#x1fa60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED MANDARIN|&#x1fa61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED ELEPHANT|&#x1fa62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED HORSE|&#x1fa63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED CHARIOT|&#x1fa64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED CANNON|&#x1fa65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI RED SOLDIER|&#x1fa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK GENERAL|&#x1fa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK MANDARIN|&#x1fa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK ELEPHANT|&#x1fa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK HORSE|&#x1fa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK CHARIOT|&#x1fa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK CANNON|&#x1fa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XIANGQI BLACK SOLDIER|&#x1fa6d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA7x |style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLET SHOES|&#x1fa70;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE-PIECE SWIMSUIT|&#x1fa71;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRIEFS|&#x1fa72;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTS|&#x1fa73;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THONG SANDAL|&#x1fa74;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT BLUE HEART|&#x1fa75;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREY HEART|&#x1fa76;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PINK HEART|&#x1fa77;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DROP OF BLOOD|&#x1fa78;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ADHESIVE BANDAGE|&#x1fa79;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STETHOSCOPE|&#x1fa7a;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|X-RAY|&#x1fa7b;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUTCH|&#x1fa7c;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOOD BAG|&#x1fa7d;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INHALER|&#x1fa7e;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX OF PILLS|&#x1fa7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA8x |style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YO-YO|&#x1fa80;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KITE|&#x1fa81;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARACHUTE|&#x1fa82;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOOMERANG|&#x1fa83;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAGIC WAND|&#x1fa84;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PINATA|&#x1fa85;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NESTING DOLLS|&#x1fa86;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARACAS|&#x1fa87;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLUTE|&#x1fa88;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HARP|&#x1fa89;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TROMBONE|&#x1fa8a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|METEOR|&#x1fa8b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASER|&#x1fa8c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NET WITH HANDLE|&#x1fa8d;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TREASURE CHEST|&#x1fa8e;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOVEL|&#x1fa8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FA9x |style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RINGED PLANET|&#x1fa90;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAIR|&#x1fa91;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAZOR|&#x1fa92;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AXE|&#x1fa93;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIYA LAMP|&#x1fa94;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BANJO|&#x1fa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILITARY HELMET|&#x1fa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCORDION|&#x1fa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DRUM|&#x1fa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COIN|&#x1fa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARPENTRY SAW|&#x1fa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCREWDRIVER|&#x1fa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LADDER|&#x1fa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOOK|&#x1fa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIRROR|&#x1fa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WINDOW|&#x1fa9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FAAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUNGER|&#x1faa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEWING NEEDLE|&#x1faa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KNOT|&#x1faa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUCKET|&#x1faa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUSE TRAP|&#x1faa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOOTHBRUSH|&#x1faa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE|&#x1faa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACARD|&#x1faa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROCK|&#x1faa8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIRROR BALL|&#x1faa9;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTIFICATION CARD|&#x1faaa;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW BATTERY|&#x1faab;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMSA|&#x1faac;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FOLDING HAND FAN|&#x1faad;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR PICK|&#x1faae;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHANDA|&#x1faaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#edc3b4" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FABx |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLY|&#x1fab0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORM|&#x1fab1;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BEETLE|&#x1fab2;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COCKROACH|&#x1fab3;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POTTED PLANT|&#x1fab4;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WOOD|&#x1fab5;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FEATHER|&#x1fab6;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOTUS|&#x1fab7;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORAL|&#x1fab8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY NEST|&#x1fab9;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEST WITH EGGS|&#x1faba;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYACINTH|&#x1fabb;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JELLYFISH|&#x1fabc;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WING|&#x1fabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEAFLESS TREE|&#x1fabe;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GOOSE|&#x1fabf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FACx |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANATOMICAL HEART|&#x1fac0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LUNGS|&#x1fac1;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PEOPLE HUGGING|&#x1fac2;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PREGNANT MAN|&#x1fac3;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PREGNANT PERSON|&#x1fac4;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH CROWN|&#x1fac5;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FINGERPRINT|&#x1fac6;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVER|&#x1fac7;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIRY CREATURE|&#x1fac8;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTAUR|&#x1fac9;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAGONFLY|&#x1faca;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIWI BIRD|&#x1facb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONARCH BUTTERFLY|&#x1facc;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORCA|&#x1facd;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOOSE|&#x1face;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONKEY|&#x1facf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FADx |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLUEBERRIES|&#x1fad0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL PEPPER|&#x1fad1;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLIVE|&#x1fad2;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATBREAD|&#x1fad3;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMALE|&#x1fad4;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FONDUE|&#x1fad5;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TEAPOT|&#x1fad6;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POURING LIQUID|&#x1fad7;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BEANS|&#x1fad8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAR|&#x1fad9;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GINGER ROOT|&#x1fada;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PEA POD|&#x1fadb;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROOT VEGETABLE|&#x1fadc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PICKLE|&#x1fadd;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RASPBERRY|&#x1fade;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPLATTER|&#x1fadf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FAEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MELTING FACE|&#x1fae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALUTING FACE|&#x1fae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH OPEN EYES AND HAND OVER MOUTH|&#x1fae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH PEEKING EYE|&#x1fae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH DIAGONAL MOUTH|&#x1fae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED LINE FACE|&#x1fae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BITING LIP|&#x1fae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUBBLES|&#x1fae7;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAKING FACE|&#x1fae8;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH BAGS UNDER EYES|&#x1fae9;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DISTORTED FACE|&#x1faea;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CRACKING FACE|&#x1faeb;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH SQUINTING EYES|&#x1faec;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEVER FACE|&#x1faed;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE WITH PALM ON CHEEK|&#x1faee;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGHT CLOUD|&#x1faef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FAFx |style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAND WITH INDEX FINGER AND THUMB CROSSED|&#x1faf0;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HAND|&#x1faf1;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HAND|&#x1faf2;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM DOWN HAND|&#x1faf3;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM UP HAND|&#x1faf4;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDEX POINTING AT THE VIEWER|&#x1faf5;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEART HANDS|&#x1faf6;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PUSHING HAND|&#x1faf7;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PUSHING HAND|&#x1faf8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS THUMB SIGN|&#x1faf9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS THUMB SIGN|&#x1fafa;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE FINGER SALUTE|&#x1fafb;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAND SNAPPING FINGERS|&#x1fafc;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HAND WITH INDEX FINGER AND THUMB FORMING CIRCLE|&#x1fafd;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEG KICKING|&#x1fafe;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOMP|&#x1faff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1|&#x1fb00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-2|&#x1fb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-12|&#x1fb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-3|&#x1fb03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-13|&#x1fb04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-23|&#x1fb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-123|&#x1fb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-4|&#x1fb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-14|&#x1fb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-24|&#x1fb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-124|&#x1fb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-34|&#x1fb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-134|&#x1fb0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-234|&#x1fb0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1234|&#x1fb0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-5|&#x1fb0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-15|&#x1fb10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-25|&#x1fb11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-125|&#x1fb12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-35|&#x1fb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-235|&#x1fb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1235|&#x1fb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-45|&#x1fb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-145|&#x1fb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-245|&#x1fb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1245|&#x1fb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-345|&#x1fb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1345|&#x1fb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-2345|&#x1fb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-12345|&#x1fb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-6|&#x1fb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-16|&#x1fb1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-26|&#x1fb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-126|&#x1fb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-36|&#x1fb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-136|&#x1fb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-236|&#x1fb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1236|&#x1fb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-46|&#x1fb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-146|&#x1fb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1246|&#x1fb28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-346|&#x1fb29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1346|&#x1fb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-2346|&#x1fb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-12346|&#x1fb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-56|&#x1fb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-156|&#x1fb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-256|&#x1fb2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1256|&#x1fb30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-356|&#x1fb31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1356|&#x1fb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-2356|&#x1fb33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-12356|&#x1fb34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-456|&#x1fb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-1456|&#x1fb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-2456|&#x1fb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-12456|&#x1fb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-3456|&#x1fb39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-13456|&#x1fb3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK SEXTANT-23456|&#x1fb3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fb56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE|&#x1fb5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT BLOCK DIAGONAL LOWER CENTRE TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fb61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT BLOCK DIAGONAL UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER AND RIGHT AND LOWER TRIANGULAR THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND LOWER AND RIGHT TRIANGULAR THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER AND LEFT AND LOWER TRIANGULAR THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND UPPER AND RIGHT TRIANGULAR THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGULAR ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER TRIANGULAR ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGULAR ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER TRIANGULAR ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-2|&#x1fb70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-3|&#x1fb71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-4|&#x1fb72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-5|&#x1fb73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-6|&#x1fb74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-7|&#x1fb75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-2|&#x1fb76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-3|&#x1fb77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-4|&#x1fb78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-5|&#x1fb79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-6|&#x1fb7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-7|&#x1fb7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fb7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fb7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT AND UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fb7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT AND LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fb7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER AND LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fb80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH BLOCK-1358|&#x1fb81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x1fb8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x1fb8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FB9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK AND LOWER HALF INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE AND LOWER HALF BLOCK|&#x1fb92;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE AND RIGHT HALF BLOCK|&#x1fb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECKER BOARD FILL|&#x1fb95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE CHECKER BOARD FILL|&#x1fb96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HORIZONTAL FILL|&#x1fb97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|&#x1fb98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|&#x1fb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER AND LOWER TRIANGULAR HALF BLOCK|&#x1fb9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TRIANGULAR HALF BLOCK|&#x1fb9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGULAR MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGULAR MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGULAR MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGULAR MEDIUM SHADE|&#x1fb9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT|&#x1fba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT AND MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT AND MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT|&#x1fbaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fbab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fbac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE RIGHT TO UPPER CENTRE TO MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fbad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL DIAMOND|&#x1fbae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x1fbaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROWHEAD-SHAPED POINTER|&#x1fbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE CHECK MARK|&#x1fbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF RUNNING MAN|&#x1fbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF RUNNING MAN|&#x1fbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x1fbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW AND UPPER AND LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fbb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW AND UPPER AND LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW AND RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW AND RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x1fbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF FOLDER|&#x1fbb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF FOLDER|&#x1fbba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VOIDED GREEK CROSS|&#x1fbbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OPEN SQUARED DOT|&#x1fbbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE DIAGONAL CROSS|&#x1fbbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE DIAGONAL MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE DIAGONAL DIAMOND|&#x1fbbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY SALTIRE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|&#x1fbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THIRD WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x1fbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE THIRD WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x1fbc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THIRD WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x1fbc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED QUESTION MARK|&#x1fbc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STICK FIGURE|&#x1fbc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STICK FIGURE WITH ARMS RAISED|&#x1fbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STICK FIGURE LEANING LEFT|&#x1fbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STICK FIGURE LEANING RIGHT|&#x1fbc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STICK FIGURE WITH DRESS|&#x1fbc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING CHEVRON|&#x1fbca;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CROSS MARK|&#x1fbcb;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SMALL LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|&#x1fbcc;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL UP-POINTING CHEVRON|&#x1fbcd;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TWO THIRDS BLOCK|&#x1fbce;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE THIRD BLOCK|&#x1fbcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#edc3b4" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|&#x1fbd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO MIDDLE LEFT|&#x1fbd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO MIDDLE RIGHT|&#x1fbd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fbd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER CENTRE|&#x1fbd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER LEFT|&#x1fbd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO MIDDLE CENTRE TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fbd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO MIDDLE CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO MIDDLE CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO MIDDLE CENTRE TO LOWER LEFT|&#x1fbdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER CENTRE TO UPPER RIGHT|&#x1fbdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO MIDDLE LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT TO UPPER CENTRE TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1fbde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO MIDDLE RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|&#x1fbdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#edc3b4" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP JUSTIFIED LOWER HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1fbe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT JUSTIFIED LEFT HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1fbe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM JUSTIFIED UPPER HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1fbe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT JUSTIFIED RIGHT HALF WHITE CIRCLE|&#x1fbe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER CENTRE ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fbe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER CENTRE ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fbe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1fbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP JUSTIFIED LOWER HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT JUSTIFIED LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM JUSTIFIED UPPER HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT JUSTIFIED RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT JUSTIFIED LOWER LEFT QUARTER BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT JUSTIFIED UPPER RIGHT QUARTER BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT JUSTIFIED UPPER LEFT QUARTER BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT JUSTIFIED LOWER RIGHT QUARTER BLACK CIRCLE|&#x1fbef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT ZERO|&#x1fbf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT ONE|&#x1fbf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT TWO|&#x1fbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT THREE|&#x1fbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT FOUR|&#x1fbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT FIVE|&#x1fbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT SIX|&#x1fbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1fbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1fbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENTED DIGIT NINE|&#x1fbf9;}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM BELL SYMBOL|&#x1fbfa;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FC9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD0x |style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RECTANGULAR TABLE|&#x1fd00;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ESCALATOR|&#x1fd01;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLDOZER|&#x1fd02;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAT TYRE|&#x1fd03;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTHQUAKE|&#x1fd04;}}||style="background:#457d8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICYCLE|&#x1fd05;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD1x |style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIL CLIPPER|&#x1fd10;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOOTHPASTE|&#x1fd11;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PLIER|&#x1fd12;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KNIFE WITH CUTTING BOARD|&#x1fd13;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAKE|&#x1fd14;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TISSUE BOX|&#x1fd15;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOTHES HANGER|&#x1fd16;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRILL|&#x1fd17;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEWING BUTTON|&#x1fd18;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COOKING POT|&#x1fd19;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|APRON|&#x1fd1a;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BINOCULARS|&#x1fd1b;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INCENSE|&#x1fd1c;}}||style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PIGGY BANK|&#x1fd1d;}}||style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPRAY CAN|&#x1fd1e;}}||style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERFUME GLASS BOTTLE|&#x1fd1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD2x |style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GOLD BAR|&#x1fd20;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYMBALS|&#x1fd21;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|XYLOPHONE|&#x1fd22;}}||style="background:#457d8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CONCRETE BLOCK|&#x1fd23;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD4x |style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEEK|&#x1fd40;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRAPEFRUIT|&#x1fd41;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE POP|&#x1fd42;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CINNAMON STICKS|&#x1fd43;}}||style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUGAR CUBES|&#x1fd44;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POMEGRANATE|&#x1fd45;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAGON FRUIT|&#x1fd46;}}||style="background:#457d8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOFFEE|&#x1fd47;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD5x |style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORCHID|&#x1fd50;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAMELEON|&#x1fd51;}}||style="background:#aeaf4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSTRICH|&#x1fd52;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOLE|&#x1fd53;}}||style="background:#97a24a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARIGOLD|&#x1fd54;}}||style="background:#5d7e4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WOMBAT|&#x1fd55;}}||style="background:#457d6d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAHORSE|&#x1fd56;}}||style="background:#457d8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOUCAN|&#x1fd57;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD7x |style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOMACH|&#x1fd70;}}||style="background:#bba757"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INTESTINE|&#x1fd71;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD8x |style="background:#768b4a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACE REVEALING FACE|&#x1fd80;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#000000"|&nbsp;||style="background:#000000"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 3mfpi9yv7mhrqxg7ff0wk9thkhbd4it 4 155682 4633799 4633369 2026-05-03T08:10:49Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 120 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2026/January]] 4633799 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == Retiring [[Template:Deleted page]] == {{tlx|Deleted page}} is a template that was used back in the day before salting (page creation protection) existed. Back then, if an admin wanted to prevent a page from being recreated, they would delete it and then recreate it with just that template, before fully protecting it. This method is completely unnecessary now that we can directly create-protect pages, and no new page has been added to [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] in nearly eight years. Furthermore, I would like to propose that all the pages that currently have {{tlx|Naming policy notice}} be deleted and added to the ''title blacklist''. In the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], the error message should be set to an interface message that transcludes {{tlx|Naming policy notice}}. Since this is an editor-facing template, only would-be editors should be able to see it. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:55, 31 December 2025 (UTC) : Do you think we should delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} via RfD, but keep {{tlx|Naming policy notice}}? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:04, 31 December 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: Yes. {{tlx|Deleted page}} should be deleted, and {{tlx|Naming policy notice}} should be fully protected and transcluded in a MediaWiki namespace message. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:16, 31 December 2025 (UTC) :::Considering there were no objections to this proposal here, {{Doing|I am doing this...}} [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:44, 30 March 2026 (UTC) ::::{{done|All done}}, but the discussion about {{tlx|Deleted page}} is awaiting to be closed (since I initiated it). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]], I filed a request at [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Template:Deleted page]] to discuss whether to delete this template (and the categories used). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:38, 29 January 2026 (UTC) == Some proposals involving a separate permission request page and notification of ongoing RFAs == I would like to propose the following below: === Proposal 1 === <s>We split off [[Wikibooks:Requests for adminship]] as a separate page for requesting adminship, bureaucrat, checkuser and suppressor (oversight) permissions. All other permissions, except the former mentioned permissions, would still be requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] (this is also the case for requesting interface administrator permissions, for admins).</s> === Proposal 2 === Given the low activity on this project, I propose that we must notify the community about ongoing RFAs, which could be either [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]] or adding a notification at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General]]. A general rule is that the notification must be written in a neutral fashion. === In conclusion... === Feel free to comment, ask, or anything else. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:31, 1 January 2026 (UTC) :1. I don't see [[WB:RFP]] being clogged to justify creating a fork just for advanced permissions. :2. That is already something we do occasionally on a case-by-case basis. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 07:40, 1 January 2026 (UTC) :My thoughts below: :# I agree with @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] and don't really see a need for splitting off [[Wikibooks:Requests for adminship]] as a separate page, since there are generally not so many requests. :# I do think it could potentially be useful to notify the community about requests for adminship using [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]—it's not something I've seen us do before. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] are you proposing specifically that we codify it in policy? :—[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:59, 1 January 2026 (UTC) ::After considering, I've crossed out proposal 1, and regarding proposal 2, I would still think it should be in a guideline, not a policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:22, 1 January 2026 (UTC) :Proposal 2 seems reasonable to me. It could help people find requests if they are not watching RFP. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 15:01, 2 January 2026 (UTC) :I've been thinking about proposal 2, and it seems like it would be a good idea to create a template for this purpose that we could just pop into [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]. What about creating [[Template:RFA notice]], which could take as parameters the requestor and the path to the discussion? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:35, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:12, 27 January 2026 (UTC) == Implement Visual Editor in more namespaces == {{closed|The Phabricator task has been resolved, and VE is enabled on the proposed namespaces as of today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:06, 27 January 2026 (UTC)}} See the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance#Visual Editor Implementation|original discussion]] for reference. ===Proposal=== Currently, the visual editor is implemented on the following namespaces: * Main * User * Help * Category * Cookbook * Wikijunior I am proposing that we implement the visual editor on the following namespaces: * Wikibooks * Transwiki ===Reasoning=== I use the source editor and the visual editor for different purposes. One of my primary uses of the visual editor is for text-heavy pages, where I use it for writing content and proofreading/copyediting. In contrast, I use the source editor for more complex and technical edits. I find it very difficult to parse text in the source editor, especially when there are many templates, tables, links, etc, and it is a pretty significant accessibility issue for me—I imagine that it could be so for other users as well. The Wikibooks and Transwiki namespaces are both namespaces that contain text- and content-heavy pages (e.g. policies, guidelines, essays), and I know I would benefit from the visual editor here—for example, I am currently working on the [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence/Unstable|unstable branch of a policy]], and it is proving to be kind of a pain to do without having the visual editor as an adjunct tool. The main challenge I see is that the Wikibooks namespace contains some talk pages (i.e. the reading room), and the visual editor is not intended for talk pages. However, there is [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370158 precedent] for implementing the visual editor in namespaces that contain talk pages as long as it is understood that the visual editor is not intended for these talk pages. Overall, it looks technically feasible. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 11 January 2026 (UTC) === Discussion === Kicking off the discussion here! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:37, 24 January 2026 (UTC) :Pinging people who were part of the original discussion thread: @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. :Also pinging some other active administrators: @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] @[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]]. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:48, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::No objections. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:30, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::I'm fine as well. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:04, 24 January 2026 (UTC) :::Ditto. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:49, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::All good on my end. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:09, 25 January 2026 (UTC) :Phab ticket has been created at {{phab|T415595}}! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:49, 26 January 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Redefining the inactivity policy for administrators and bots == Hi. I would like to propose that we redefine the inactivity policy for administrators (superseding the current procedure), and to create a local inactivity policy for bots. * For administrators that have made zero edits '''''and''''' zero logged actions for over a year, they will be listed under the removal section of [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] (and notified on their user talk pages), where they are given a specific timeframe to respond so that they can retain their access, unless they specify otherwise. If they do not respond after that timeframe, a request will be forwarded to the removal section of [[:m:SRP]]. Should the timeframe last at least one week, two weeks, or one month? * For bots, the process is slightly different. Bots that are inactive (made no edits/logged actions) for over two years will be listed under the removal section of RfP (in the same manner as inactive administrators), but their operators must be notified first, and a week is given for the operators to respond. After the timeframe passes and an operator does not respond to the inactive bot removal request (for example), a request will be forwarded to the removal section of [[:m:SRB]]. Bot users that do not have the bot user group might be exempt, unless the discussion proposes otherwise. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:34, 18 January 2026 (UTC) :Sounds fine to me. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 06:58, 21 January 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:36, 25 January 2026 (UTC) :I have no problem with this. Regarding the timeframe for administrators, one months seems reasonable. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:29, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::I think one month might be excessive IMO, but one week might not be enough for a timeframe, especially given the lack of discussion activity. Let’s compromise by choosing two weeks instead, if that's okay. ::Also, the reason I made this is because the inactivity policy on [[Wikibooks:Administrators]] seems vague. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:15, 24 January 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], what timeframe would be feasible, two weeks, or one month? I'll be ready to implement this today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:20, 30 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Two weeks should probably be fine unless anyone else has thoughts! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:55, 31 January 2026 (UTC) :::::[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am reconsidering the current timeframe. I think we should revise by lowering the timeframe to one week for administrator inactivity removal, similar to how we currently do this for bots. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:17, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I think we should check to see what other people think here —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:49, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :I'm afraid I don't fully understand the procedure you're proposing for administrators. When someone is listed to be removed on RFP, is there a vote? Or is the poster just waiting for the inactive admin to reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:31, 24 January 2026 (UTC) ::In my new proposal, there will be no votes for removal, but inactive admins will be notified and given a timeframe to respond if they wish to retain their rights, unless they specify otherwise. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:42, 24 January 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Implemented}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:51, 31 January 2026 (UTC) ::Should I reduce the timeframe from two weeks down to one week? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:55, 22 February 2026 (UTC) == Create a "file" that is an Example Book structured to be copied/used to quickly start a new book? == I am new to Wikibooks, if this already exists let me know.... If there was a Wikibook "file" that contained all the templates and "parts" that are used to create a properly structured book, it might be easier and quicker to create and contribute books here. This would have to include text that would explain the purpose of each of the sections and templates and offer advice for making changes that customize the example. One might copy it to their sandbox, follow the directions and make the updates that create the framework for their book. Then the work would be to fill in the text. I suppose the downside is that books would be categorized and shelved that are in progress. Abandoned books would need to be deleted or some template might need to be developed that might indicate that the book is incomplete. This would be removed when the book is ready for prime-time. {{unsigned|Rchaswms01|01:32, 3 February 2026}} == Allow all users (registered and unregistered) to view edit filters and their logs? == Hello, everyone. I would like to propose allowing all users to view not just edit filters and [[Special:AbuseLog|their log]], but also detailed edit filter log entries. In addition to that, I am also proposing that we set <code>$wgAbuseFilterNotifications</code> to <code>true</code> by removing <code>$wgAbuseFilterNotifications = false;</code>. {{collapse top|This proposal aims to reverse a part of [[phab:T26304]] for the AbuseFilter extension:}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> We would like to enable the AbuseFilter extension (see below) with custom permissions. Please *add*: $wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-view'] = false; $wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-log'] = false; $wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['abusefilter-view'] = true; $wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['abusefilter-log'] = true; </syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> I'm sorry for yet another reply, but the user rights for the abuse filter need to be tweaked to match the request. abusefilter-view should be for autoconfirmed/confirmed only and not for all users. abusefilter-log should be for autoconfirmed/confirmed only and not for all users. The logic behind this was to prevent casual vandals from gaming the system. Thank you for your efforts. </syntaxhighlight> {{collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|Current configuration}} <syntaxhighlight lang="php"> case 'enwikibooks': $wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-view'] = false; $wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-log'] = false; $wgAbuseFilterNotifications = false; $wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['abusefilter-view'] = true; $wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['abusefilter-log'] = true; $wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['abusefilter-log-detail'] = true; // T383332 $wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-revert'] = true; // T411828 $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; // T273864 break; </syntaxhighlight> {{collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|Proposed configuration}} <syntaxhighlight lang="php"> case 'enwikibooks': $wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-log-detail'] = true; $wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-revert'] = true; // T411828 $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; // T273864 break; </syntaxhighlight> {{collapse bottom}} Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:55, 2 April 2026 (UTC) :See also: {{section link|Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2025/January#Reforming the edit filter}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:50, 2 April 2026 (UTC) == Introduce speedy deletion criteria? == I would like to propose that we introduce speedy deletion criteria to Wikibooks, such as {{tq|G1: [reason]}}. I suggest that we adapt from the English Wikipedia's CSD criteria ([[:w:Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]]) but utilize our existing deletion reasons, and even include '''G''' for general, '''R''' for redirects, and so on. Speedy deletion reasons are already included in the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy|deletion policy]], but should this proposal pass, the new speedy deletion criteria can be split out to a separate policy page, if needed (e.g. [[Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]]). Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:39, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :On the whole, that seems like it could be useful to expand out our CSD in a more detailed way. Why don't you go ahead and create [[Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]] as a draft, write out your initial proposal, and then we can workshop it together? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:33, 10 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: How can this proposal avoid accusations of [[m:Instruction creep|instruction creep]]? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:21, 14 April 2026 (UTC) :: How does instruction creep have anything to do with this? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:31, 14 April 2026 (UTC) ::: Well, in that case, we might keep the descriptions simple, not overly detailed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:30, 17 April 2026 (UTC) ::::In that case, we may need to introduce that motion. – [[User:RestoreAccess111|RestoreAccess111]] <sup style="font-family:Arimo, Arial;">[[User talk:RestoreAccess111|Talk!]]</sup> <sup style="font-family:Times New Roman, Tinos;">[[Special:Contributions/RestoreAccess111|Watch!]]</sup> 04:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :We already have speedy deletion though so I don't understand this proposal. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:56, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] I created a very early draft in [[User:Kingofnuthin/sandbox|my sandbox]] by merging content from [[w:Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]] and [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]]. I added most of the criteria from English Wikipedia's page but I left some that can't be in Wikibooks (such as notability criteria). As I said, the draft is currently very undetailed and only provides simple explanations for criteria except for a few of them. You can add this draft to [[Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]] to clarify the details of the proposal. I am also open to any feedback regarding the draft. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 16:11, 26 April 2026 (UTC) :: I moved your draft to [[Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:15, 26 April 2026 (UTC) ::This generally looks good; I've got a couple comments on specific criteria: ::* "G5. Pages dependent on a non-existent or deleted page" includes subpages with no parent page. Given the extent to which Wikibooks uses page nesting, this seems risky - at a minimum, the criterion should be revised to "subpages with no parent '''book'''", and existing pages which meet this criterion should be grandfathered in or otherwise addressed. ::* "B4. Books that duplicate an existing topic" should probably be removed. Unlike Wikipedia, Wikibooks has historically allowed multiple books to address the same topic, e.g. [[Mandarin Chinese]] and [[Chinese (Mandarin)]], or [[C++ Language]] and [[C++ Programming]]. Whether a book "expands upon, details or improves information" in another book is very subjective; determining whether this is the case should be handled in a deletion discussion, not by an admin processing speedy deletions. ::Additionally, I'd suggest that three criteria be added: ::* Books which are over a week old and which contain no instructional content (e.g. books which are nothing but a table of contents). These books are already routinely deleted under [[WB:NMC]]; adopting this as a CSD streamlines the process. ::* Pages in any namespace which are unambiguously advertisements or promotional in nature (akin to [[:w:WP:CSD#G11]]). ::* Pages in any namespace which infringe upon copyright, akin to [[:w:WP:CSD#G12]]. F6/F7 address ''files'' which are copyvios, but not text. ::[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:54, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::: [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]], feel free to make those changes to [[Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]], from your comments. It's a draft proposal. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:21, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I agree on your thoughts for the removal of B4 and the addition of a new general criterion for copyvios, so I did those. However, I think that G5 is fine in its current state. I don't understand what situation would be "risky" in this case, so please provide some example for that. Additionally, I don't think we need an advertisement criterion right now, as Wikibooks does not seem to have a promotion problem, as it is a collection of textbooks. Also, you mentioned [[Wikibooks:NMC]] as a new criterion even though I copy-pasted criterion G1 from the exact part you mentioned. Such pages could be deleted under G1. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 16:06, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::::With regards to G5, I've seen some situations where a book was incorrectly renamed in such a way that some of the subpages remained under the original title of the book, or pages of a book are inadvertently created under an incorrect title. Given the proposed wording for G5, those pages would be eligible for speedy deletion, even though they are in use as part of the book. ::::With regards to advertisements, Wikibooks does get some spam page creations; you'll see some if you scroll through [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=delete the deletion log]. It's typically deleted quickly by admins, but if we're codifying criteria for speedy deletion, this should be included as an allowable reason. ::::As far as G1 / NMC is concerned, I initially read G1 as applying only to pages which contain no meaningful content at all, like pages which are empty, nonsense, or vandalism, and which should be deleted promptly. I see this as distinct from books which are superficially well-formed, but which fail to develop, e.g. a user who creates an ambitious-sounding table of contents for a book, but never returns to write any of the text. These shouldn't be deleted immediately (since it takes time to write content!), but are routinely speedily deleted once it's clear that no further content is forthcoming. Since this is a bit of a different process, it should probably be treated as a separate criterion. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:28, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::::I added "Editors should be careful when nominating such pages, as they might be incorrectly named instead. In such cases, editors should move the page to its correctly-titled version." to G5. For advertising you said "Wikibooks does get some spam page creations", but we already have "Spam and vandalism" for G1. In G1, I removed "abandoned content" and made it a new criterion B5 under the book section. (As this would only apply to books.) [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 17:43, 29 April 2026 (UTC) == Questions about [[Wikibooks:Annotated texts]] == I was recently reading over the policy on annotated texts and had a few questions aimed at reforming that policy. (The talk page for the policy has been inactive for eleven years, so I figured a post there would be unlikely to attract attention.) # First and foremost - how many annotated texts of the type described by this policy are actually hosted on Wikibooks? I am only aware of one, [[Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses]], which is quite incomplete. Are there a significant number more that I am unable to find? If not, might it be appropriate to revise this policy and related documents to reflect that annotated texts are, at best, an experimental part of the project? # The policy on annotated texts currently permits '''unannotated''' source texts to be hosted on Wikibooks provided that either the text is not on Wikisource, or that it is "widely used in classrooms". This seems like a rather large unintended loophole in the policy - there are innumerable texts which have not been transcribed on Wikisource, but which it would not make sense for Wikibooks to house either. Similarly, there are many texts which are "widely used in classrooms", but which have never been annotated on Wikibooks and are unlikely to ever be. The policy also notes the possibility that a multilingual project could create annotated texts with parallel page names across all language editions; I am certainly unaware of any such. Are there any texts on Wikibooks which rely on this policy, or would it be appropriate to strike this section? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:54, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :The policy seems to be contradicting [[Wikibooks:SOURCE]], which states that annotated texts are the only exception to published texts being on Wikibooks. This means that we have a policy that says unannotated source texts are permitted, and another one that says they aren't allowed. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 19:02, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :There is also [[Annotations of The Complete Peanuts]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 14:26, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::That isn't an annotated text of the type described by this policy, as it doesn't include the original text that's being commented on. (Which it can't, because ''Peanuts'' is still under copyright.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 16:29, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::Correct, it is not an inline annotation: I was just pointing it out as another kind of annotated text here. :::For what it's worth, our sister project Wikisource [[:s:en:Category:Wikisource annotations|also hosts inline annotations]], such as [[:s:en:What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?/Annotated]], which I made. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:33, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::The main problem here is that the policy permits "unannotated texts" even though we don't host them here. I think that the first thing you mentioned can stay but we might need to strike out the second part from the policy as it is contradictory. [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 16:38, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::::Yeah - I certainly don't mean to suggest that the ''Ulysses'' annotations need to go away; I'm mostly curious if this policy has any wider applicability, or if its only function is to allow this one text. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:37, 29 April 2026 (UTC) e51hxg9f9g6dnkdet2oiz0vhcizlt72 2 177249 4633793 1418499 2026-05-03T06:54:30Z ~2026-26894-13 3580845 /* Particles! */ Removed the exclamation mark from "Particles!" title. Though it was funny, it didn't match with the rest of the titles. 4633793 wikitext text/x-wiki === Sentence Patterns/Expressions === #...+は+Q - topic particle using questions #Q+が+... - subject particle using WH-questions #Place+に+N+がある/いる - existence of an item in a place using subject marker #Place+に+N+が+Q+ある/いる - existence of Q items in a place using subject marker #N+は+Place+にある/いる - existence of an item in a place using a topic marker #N+をください - please give me N #V+てください - please do V. (polite request) #V+ないでください - please do not do V. (polite request-neg) #N+を/V+てくださいませんか - won't you please do #V+ましょう - "Let's do V." volitional, polite #V+ませんか - Why don't we do V? #N+がほしい - I want N #V+たい - "I want to V" #...が - ... but ... #...とき - adverbial clause, when ... , ... #V+ながら - adverbial clause, While V, ... #V+てから - adverbial clause, After/Since V, ... #V+たあとで - ta instead of te, adverbial clause, After V, ... #V+まえに - adverbial clause, Before V #でしょう - I think.. I guess.. I wonder .. etc., #V+たり...V+たり - conjunction for multiple actions #Adj+く/Adj+N+に/N+になる - becomes #Adj+く/Adj+N+に/N+にする - equating or making, (e.g., I made A from B) #もう+Positive - already #もう+Negative - no longer #まだ+Positive - still #まだ+Negative - not yet #...という - called this ... #...て - because ... / since ... #...から - because ... / since ... #...は...が - using both subject and topic particle in the same sentence #どうもありがとうございました - thank you very much (very polite) #いただきます - thanks for this meal! (before eating) #ごちそうさまでした - a thanks said after meals #ごめんください - may i come in? #ごめんなさい - excuse me #はじめまして - nice to meet you. how do you do? #どうぞよろしく - pleased to meet you. please favor me with your friendship/kindness #いらっしゃいませ - Welcome to the store! (merchant greeting) #こんにちは - Hello. (daytime greeting) #こんばんは - Good evening, Hello #さよなら - Goodbye #おはようございます - good morning #おやすみなさい - good night #ではおげんきで - well then, take care. #おねがいします - please #いいえどういたしまして - no problem at all. #こちらこそ - No, thank you! (used when responding to someone saying "Thank you!") #しつれいしました - Excuse me. (used usually while leaving a room.) #しつれいします - Excuse me. (used usually while entering a room.) #すみません - Excuse me. I'm sorry. #ではまた - See ya later. === Adjectives === #Adj+です - i-adj, non-past, polite #Adj+くないです - i adjective, polite negative #Adj+かったです - i adjective, past #Adj+くなかったです - i adjective, past negative #Adj+ - adjective without desu #Adj+くない - i-adj without desu, polite neg #Adj+かった - i-adj w/o desu, past #Adj+くなかった - i adj w/o desu, past neg #Adj+くて - i-adj te-form #Adj+く+V - adverb #Adj+N - na adj no copula. #Adj+の - adj+pronoun/one/thing (e.g., white thing) #Adj+N+です - na adj #Adj+N+ではありません, na adj, negative #Adj+N+でした - na adj, past #Adj+N+ではありませんでした - na adj, neg past #Adj+N+だ - na adj with plain copula #Adj+N+ではない - na adj, neg, plain #Adj+N+だった - na adj-past, plain #Adj+N+ではなかった, na-adj, past-neg, plain #Adj+N+で - na-adj te-form #Adj+N+に+V -n-adj adverb #Adj+N+な+N - n-adj + noun #Adj+N+の - na-adj + pronoun === Verbs === #V+ます - verb polite form #V+ません - verb, polite neg form #V+ました - verb, polite past form #V+ませんでした - verb, polite neg-past form #V - verb, plain form #V+ない - verb, plain neg form #V+た - verb, plain past form #V+なかった - verb, plain past-neg form #N+が+Vit/N+を+Vt - intransitive and transitive verb use #V+て - verb, te-form #V+てある - verb, te-form "completed" state #V+ている - verb, te-form progressive #V+ないで - verb, negative request === Copula use === #N+です - noun + copula. #N+ではありません - noun + copula neg form #N+でした - noun + copula past-form #N+ではありませんでした - noun + copula neg-past form #N+だ - noun + copula plain form #N+ではない - noun + copula plain-neg form #N+だった - noun + copula plain-past form #N+ではなかった noun + copula plain-neg-past form #N+で - te-form of desu #N+の+N - noun modifying another noun or possessive. #N+の -possessive #[V/+Adj/+Adj-Na]+N - relative clause modifying a noun === Question words and interrogatives === #なに/なん - what #だれ/どなた - who #いつ - when or how soon #いくつ - how many? #いくら - how much? #どれ/どの/どこ/どちら - which / which one / where / who #どう/いかが - how, in what what, how about #どんな - what kind of #どのぐらい/どれぐらい - how far, how long, how much #なぜ/どうして - why #なにか/だれか/どこかへ/... - someone, something, somewhere, etc., #なにも/だれも/どこへも/... - no one, nothing, nowhere, etc., #これ/それ/あれ/どれ - this / that / that over there / which? #この/その/あの/どの - this one / that one / that one over there / which one? #ここ/そこ/あそこ/どこ - this place / that place / that place over there/ where? #こちら/そちら/あちら/どちら (こっち/そっち/あっち/どっち) - this person / that person / that person over there / who === Particles === #が - subject marker #を - direct object marker, starting point of the action, place of the action #に - location marker, object marker for some verbs (e.g., to meet at), time marker, goal marker, intervals #で - location marker for action verbs, by means marker (e.g., I went to the school '''by''' bus.), cause and effect marker, totals marker #へ - direction marker, #と - noun conjunction "and", "together" or "with" #から/まで - AからBまで - from A to B. #や - list particle, but can be used to mean "and so forth" (e.g., AやBなど will mean A and B and so forth. など is optional.) #は - topic marker, contrast marker #も - also/too #格助詞+は/も - combination of particles and は/も #か - question marker #など - etc/so forth. see や. #ぐらい - about/almost/approx #だけ - only / just #しか - only or nothing but #ね - sentence end marker, applies emphasis, or a quest for confirmation #よ - sentence end marker, applies certainty or request #わ - feminine form of ね === Suffixes === #中 - all/ entire / throughout (time) #たち/がた - makes the attached noun plural (plain/polite) #あまり...ない - not very, negative sentences #一つ、二つ～１０ - numbers #枚/冊/本... - counters #~月/~日/~曜日- calendar #~時/~時半/~時~/~分/~時~分前/~ごろ - time #~時間/~分/~ぐらい - minutes, hours #がる - to feel (used with adj) #がわ - side of something, or taking someone's side #ご - language #じん - person #すぎ - too much, over #ずつ - apiece #たち - plural suffix #ちゅう - during #や - ~shop aor91yrful8fh8ug8wdlhpca3ev9om7 103 200682 4633553 4275634 2026-05-02T20:05:58Z Wikipedian12512 3579190 /* Pie pan size */ new section 4633553 wikitext text/x-wiki Hey there, wikicooks: I have a rhubarb recipe that is simpler and I can personally attest that it is great.[http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Fresh-Rhubarb-Pie/Detail.aspx]. Maybe you can add this one? == Why aren't there any Wikipedia links? == I'm new to this project and I'd like to help, mainly by adding links, pics, and cleaning up. But I'm baffled as to why there are not links to Wikipedia on the Wikicookbook and vice-versa? Has there been a consensus regarding this issue? I added the links on this page, provisionally, until I hear otherwise. After, say, two weeks (is that a reasonable amount of time?), if there is no response, I'll start adding links to Wikipedia in a == See also == section. [[User:WikiUser70176|WikiUser70176]] ([[User talk:WikiUser70176|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/WikiUser70176|contribs]]) 13:07, 3 April 2023 (UTC) == Pie pan size == What size should the pie pan be? [[User:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian12512|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikipedian12512|contribs]]) 20:05, 2 May 2026 (UTC) 6n4tmdp5cszvx0losmohqfkwmwzgsnr 0 202147 4633803 4631679 2026-05-03T09:43:17Z Jeff1138 301139 4633803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} ==Host Adapter Protocol USB1 OHCI UHCI USB2 EHCI USB3.0 USB3.1 xHCI == Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, use Prefs/Trident to confirm Vendor and Product IDs Please chat at [https://www.arosworld.org/index.php AROS World] *1996 USB1.0 *1998 USB1.1 *2000 USB2.0 *2008 USB3.0 *2013 USB3.1 *2017 USB3.2 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/rom/usb AROS has these USB transfers] *Control - *Bulk - Midi 1.0 ( 'send my data when you can' ) *Interrupt - Midi 2.0 *Isochronous - USBAudio, Webcams, etc (wip) Isochronous is the starting point of modern types of multimedia creativity. IsoChronous isoc code is already in place in poseidon.library and '''scheduled''' transfers are queued to be later rerouted in the host driver code (needs to be written for each host protocol e.g. OCHI, UCHI, EHCI and [https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/625472/625472_xHCI_Rev1_2b.pdf#:~:text=Page%203.%20Document%20Number:%20625472%2C%20Revision:%201.2b.%203. XHCI rev1.2], [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/868296/extensible-host-controller-interface-for-universal-serial-bus-xhci-requirements-specification-r2-0.html rev2], etc). There seems to be 2 types of isoc transfers, one is just the normal isoc transfer and the other is realtime implementation of isoc transfer. For isoc transfer there needs to be a scheduler that makes sure no isoc transfers are dropped (in or out) and that they happen at the right time. It all gets difficult as the device making use of the isoc transfer may be at any point on the device tree. One needs to calculate the USB bandwidth for the packet based periodic transfers that are initiated by the host which have fixed but guaranteed bandwidth. Host controllers guarantee this bandwidth by planning a schedule of transfers ahead of time to ensure there is enough time reserved on the bus. [https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/products/docs/io/universal-serial-bus/ehci-specification.html EHCI] [https://www.thegoodpenguin.co.uk/blog/understanding-why-usb-isochronous-bandwidth-errors-occur/ bus-bandwidth] vs payload-bandwidth and the algorithm of the EHCI scheduler. The bandwidth of the endpoint in terms of payload data (stuff we put in a packet) and the protocol overhead, signalling imposed bit stuffing, host delays etc. Poseidon controls the driver and device tree and it provides an API to communicate with the USB devices. Poseidon really doesn't care much about what sort of transfer pipe is opened or used, it only provides the means to do so and forwards the iorequests to the correct driver. Poseidon code is the higher level code for USB communication and drivers are of course the lower level one. [[File:Psd.svg|220px|right]] ; Best Hardware - NEC Chipset (OHCI + EHCI), Intel Chipset (UHCI + EHCI), ; Early support - [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/03c5252d962941a56c816a9f2315134362089349 XHCI USB3.0, USB3.1 & gen 2 Type-A Type-B Type-C] ; Next Best Set - General OHCI, SIS (OHCI + EHCI), ; Buggy Chipset - [ Early AMD OHCI], ALi OHCI, VIA UHCI, Nvidia OHCI & EHCI, === USB1.1 === OHCI USB 1.1 - USB-IF sanctioned standard but hardware physical form removed with USB2.0 and replaced with virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 M5237 Lucent USS-312 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | StarTech PCI425USB, CompUSA Iogear GIC220U-b, Nvidia 220 mobo, USBA2041P, ALi SU2A-PS, |- | AMD 756 Chipset (onboard motherboard) | 0x1022 | 0x740c | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=31308#forumpost31308 usb devices detected] Geode GX1, |- | CMD DU-A2 Silicon Image 0670 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0670 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Silicon Image 0673 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0673 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | 0x10de | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe|Bios options vary but does with Plop Boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Tested with 20th Aug 2012 improvement |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk}} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | untested - Amiga Spider card with possible bottleneck issues at higher speeds |- | NEC µPD720101AGM 720101GJ | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x43 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Mac mini, Belkin F5U219vea (2+1 ports), Belkin F5U220vea1 (4+1 ports), Adaptec 3100LP, BAFO BF-460, GWC UC-160, IOGear GIC250U, Keyspan U2PCI-5, O'toLink U2-C2B U2-C2A U2-P20N U2-P50, Ratoc PCIU5, USBWholesale UII-PCIP |- | NEC µPD720102 | 0x1033 | 0x00 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Opti 82C861 2-port | 0x1045 | 0xc861 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no USB devices detected - Belkin F5U005, |- | SIS 7001 OCHI | 0x1039 | 0x7001 | 0x0f | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 20th Aug 2012 - not booting stalls on GRUB word with Plop Boot |- |} UHCI USB 1.1 - Intel standard but since 2009 no hardware support as USB2 introduced virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | Intel | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|not in bios use AROS floppy disc boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82371AB EB MB PIIX4 | 0x8086 | 0x7112 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|none in bios use other booting options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|Detects most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led not on and does not work}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBL/DBM (onboard i830 mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24c4 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes|but not from bios but floppy options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Works-->{{Yes|}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on and although device has software failure and recoverable error IT STILL WORKS. Fresh start sometimes needs Network Prefs Saved to work. |- | VIA MVP4 (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x30 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless options}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 detected but blue led not on and does not work |- | VIA VT82xx (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless usb}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on but does not work |- | VIA VT6202 (VIA VT83C572) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | A-Best USB-200, Cables N Mor USBPCI, CompUSA, D-Link DSB500, Digital/Research DRUSBCARD, Kouwell IOFlex 580, StarMount USB VIA, |- | VIA VT6112 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x61 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 2011 seems to have issues with other identical via based USB controller(s) present |- | VIA VT6214L | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 2.0 EHCI === The USB-IF insisted on only one implementation of EHCI but it creates 4 virtual hcd to cover USB1.1 support. The virtual HCD on Intel and VIA EHCI controllers are UHCI. All other vendors use virtual OHCI controllers. Hardware EHCI USB2.0 ended in most chipsets in 2014/5 and is now virtual through most newer USB3.0 chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 Lucent USS-344 | | | | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested}} belkin F5U006, |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBM (onboard mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24cd | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x00E0 | 0x | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested - Amiga Spider card}} |- | NEC 72101 GJ | 0x1033 | 0x00e0 | 0x04 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Belkin F5U219 VEA1 (pci), |- | SIS ECHI | 0x1039 | 0x7002 | 0x00 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|issues about which port is used if it works at all}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6202 | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | 0x62 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|detects}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 3.x SuperSpeed SS (Speed 5Gbit/s 3.1 gen 1) aka xHCI eXtensible === USB Attached SCSI (UAS or UASP) is a protocol used for high-speed data transfer between computers and external storage devices like SSDs, HDDs, and some flash drives. It provides up to 70% faster read/write speeds than traditional Bulk-Only Transport (BOT) by allowing multiple commands to run in parallel, rather than waiting in a queue {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1000 FL 1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B73 | <!--Product ID-->0x1000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->link power management (LPM, USB 3.0 power saving) cannot be disabled so random connection issues |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1009-200 FL 1009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1009 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->Orico PFU3-2P |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1100-100 FL 1100SX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1100 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->LPM cannot be disabled so issues with disconnecting WD drives etc - CalDigit, ORICO PFU3-2P, FASTA-6GU3 Pro, inatech KTU3FR-2P 2 port USB 3.0, and Inateck KT4004 (KTU3FR-4PA rev B2) for storage and hubs, etc |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1400 FL 1400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1400 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720200 uPD720200a chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1d6b | <!--Product ID-->0x0194 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|no USB3 but seems to works like USB2}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported for USB3 but works like USB2 - ORICO PRU3-4P 4 Port USB, early Dell Wyse zx0 thin client, |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720201 uPD720201 chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x114 0x0115 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720202 uPD720202 chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1912 | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ti.com/product/tusb7340 TI] tusb7340 TUSB732 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x8241 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported Koutech IO-PEU436 but only one with open docs |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported - integrated since Ivybridge |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL800 xHCI 0.96 support in VL800, VIA VL811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x3432 0x3438 0x3515 and 0x9201 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} 2.0 backwards support | <!--Opinion-->Anker 68UPPCIE-2S20PU 2 port, Plugable 4-Port, GA-z77x-ud5h rev. 1.1 mobo, |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL811+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL812 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->xHCI 1.0 support in VL805 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} USB 3.1 (power up to 100W and data 10Gbit/s USB 3.2 gen 2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1142 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Connector: USB Type C and USB Type A x 1 - Ugreen USB C PCI Card 2 Port USB 3.1 Type C |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 1.8 1.9 Updated | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->AUKEY 4 Ports USB C , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->Startech - PEXUSB312C - 2-port Usb 3.1 10Gbit/s |- |} USB 3.2 (power up to 100W and data 20Gbit/s gen 2x2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 2.6 Update | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} === USB 4 (40Gbps thunderbolt, pcie 3.0 tunnelling, ) === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->AMD Ryzen7 6800U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->Intel Goshen Ridge JHL8440 Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | |- |} == hid.class (Human Interface Device) == === Keyboard === Some multi-finger touchpad support works but not on all touchpads {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Retro N C64 edition Keyboard, the super button accessory and optional N30 mouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 87 keys Kailh white}} |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo 108 Retro Mechanical Keyboard (white kailh) and two superbuttons (green) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05ac | 0x0205 | 0x0122 | {{yes|works (its two hub ports) but mouse scroll wheel issues}} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05AC | 0x020B | | {{yes|works (two onboard ports also)}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Aigo K68 60% red switches, A68 A87 wireless 2G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=973 AmigaOne Keyboard] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko TAC87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 80% TKL }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko MonsGeek FUN60 PRO&MAX HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 60% hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 98% maybe silent linear feel with Two-color PBT keycap}} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X68HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Azio Cascade | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND104 (Wuque Studios) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 premium clicky (WS Blue) or silent (WS White) key options with Ansi and ISO formats also numpad and calculator, aluminum machined, tri mode, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K65 Mech MX no numeric keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair CH-9000045 K70 Blue MX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cherry G80 G80-3000L[x]C[yy]-[z] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cooler Master CM Storm Quickfire Rapid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K100 Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 okay low profile but expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dell SK-8135 Dell USB Keyboard for Internet and Multimedia rev H for Dimension 4500, Dimension 8250, OptiPlex GX260n, OptiPlex GX60n, Precision 350 (R42232) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x413C | <!--Product ID-->0x2010 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes| usb1.1 keyboard hub 0x413C 0x1003 works as well - multimedia keys not mapped }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Deepcool KG722 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 65% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Channel Zero DK2108 Mech Mechanical Cherry MX Red | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Shine 3 Brown or Blue (DK9087) MX keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Das Keyboard Model S Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Cidoo V75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker rt100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 plastic build and no screws, numpad with small 0, mostly quiet seasalt switches, gimmick usb-c 1in screen}} |- | <!--Description-->EPOMAKER TH99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} USB-C full numpad keyboard |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker P75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker p87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Leobog Hi75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Feker Galaxy80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 gmk/via | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget version good 75% choice of 4 leobog switches}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Tide75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% and not too expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK820 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK35I V3 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 104 keys - two models: wired and tri-mode connection - }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F108 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pricy but okay 100% but only leobog graywood switches but hotswap available afterwards}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Ajazz AK980 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 97 keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker G87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT82 RT85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT100 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Filco Ninja Majestouch-2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Focus FK-760 Wireless Keyboard & Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} but quality build issues raised |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->GMMK Tenkeyless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades}} |- | <!--Description-->GK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->GMK67 GMK87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested budget good option}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hengchangtong HCT Limeme gk103s Entry Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0xC0F4 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|half Keyboard left side only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested hotswap kaihl green switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix mq80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 good 75% low profile keys |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix Magi65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 65% low profile keys }} |- | <!--Description-->iqunix ez60 ez80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested specific hall effect switches - actuation point, rapid trigger, etc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Jomaa YiChip Wireless 50% key with touchpad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x3000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|dongle detected, keys and pad not working - 2 AAA NM}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested numpad only}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 v1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested okay}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q6 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 75% with numeric numpad, barebones so choose switches and keycaps to suit }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 MAX V1 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Lemokey P1 QMK | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested best option to customise switches and keycaps}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron LemoKey X1 X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested keycap swap only not switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K2HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested okay}} wireless hall effect analogue on all keys |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K4HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested hall effect but software }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K5 K17 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested okay low profile but }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K10 HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kiiboom Breeze 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 good 75% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Meletrix Boog 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 magnetic hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Melgeek O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 low profile 75% but not repairable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->MOSART 2.4G Wireless 60% Keyboard Trackball | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062a | <!--Product ID-->0x4105 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|dongle recognised HID, keys worked, roller worked, scroll wheel works and shoulders works but buttons around left, top and right hand side (RHS) do not work and plastic and 2 AA MN1500}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Mucai SiGma Micro MKA610 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1c4f | <!--Product ID-->0x0084 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| unknown red keys - rgb backlighting - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://hjldemo.clsc.cn/ Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Ltd] Perixx Periboard 505 Plus with Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard - poor trackball}} |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Co., Ltd Perixx Periboard 706 Plus with Trackball Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|generally okay dome with good sized keys but piano black surround fingerprint magnet, occasional brief trackball freezes after no use, takes some time to get used to the trackball size}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard-716 Wireless (Chicony) | <!--Vendor ID-->04f2:1013 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard and trackpad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo SK-8825 41A5327 SIL12-W07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works manufactured for |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lite-On USB NetVista Full Width Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04b3 | <!--Product ID-->0x3025 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K320 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech USB Unifying, Bolt, Lightspeed, or Nano receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K340 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> [http://www.logitech.com/en-us/product/wireless-touch-keyboard-k400r Logitech Wireless Touch Keyboard k400] | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x046D | <!--Product ID--> 0xC52B | <!--Revision--> 1201 | <!--Opinion--> {{yes|All (including multimedia) keys work. Some keys requires remapping with Trident. Touchpad works and acts as normal mouse. Presents itself in Trident as USB Receiver from Logitech with 3 HID bindings}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 Plus K400+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G915 TKL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard TKL means no number pad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Lite84 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Flow Lite100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 silent switches and low profile keys}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MACHENIKE K500 Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 94 keys untested Hot Swappable 94 Keys 90% Layout }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MechLands Vibe99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 100 keys untested Gasket-mounted Wired/Bluetooth/2.4GHz Wireless Mechanical Keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Comfortable Curve 2000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Wireless Media Desktop 1000 (1356) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x00f9 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|working but not mouse part}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Niz Micro84 Duo82 X87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 electro capacitive }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy gem80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy kick 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 low profile 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy Air75 V3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy node 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 96% layout, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-50 MK-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Chroma | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0203 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://openrazer.github.io/ Razer] Lycosa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow 2013 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razr Blackwidow Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Cynosa Lite V2 | <!--Vendor ID-->1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x023f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer DeathStalker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer HuntsMan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ornata | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Orbweaver Chroma Keypad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0207 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Tartarus Keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested not hall effect and very expensive}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K668 RGB Gaming Keyboard Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys Upgraded Hot-swappable Socket，Red Switch}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K689 PRO Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested Gasket RGB Gaming Keyboard, 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys, Upgraded Hot-swappable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 75% mechanical, hotswap so okay for price untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Royal Kludge RK65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested cream switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SINO WEALTH Gaming KB SkyLion K68 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x258a | <!--Product ID-->0x003a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| blue stalks with rgb lighting}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SKYLOONG GK104 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested gateron }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet x300 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MosART | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x4101 | <!--Revision-->0312 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|1 AAA for each and works well - mouse slightly better built than keyboard rubberised membrane}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X331 HDE 2.4G Keyboard wireless RCMCU | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C45 | <!--Product ID-->0x7000 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|wireless can be glitchy but few extra keys are mapped }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X500 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MOSArt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x2901 | <!--Revision-->0112 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works well especially large touchpad - usual rubber domed membraned keyboard mechanism }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tecware Specter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 75%}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Unicomp Model M USB 104 key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} IBM's and later Lexmark buckling spring switches |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Minilo Bluebell (prestige silent) and Eculapytus (violet tactile) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 75% plastic build no screws not great to mod}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Sword 68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo 98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 expensive but good and Kailh silent}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Choice65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Lucky65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush80 Reboot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 very good but expensive Aluminum Hotswap Wireless RGB}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% but not as expensive CNC Aluminum HMX/JWK/Cocoa Switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wooting HE60 HE80 HE90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 hall effect but expensive with good software}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Womier WK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk71 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xenta White Wireless HK6718B+HM3302--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works with Raspberry Pi untested on AROS native}} |- | <!--Description-->Xinmeng X87 MAGIC_REFINER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 untested keycap swap but not hotswapable switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL66 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| milk switches, cherry PBT, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi B75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget good with cocoa cream switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|good budget option with swappable switches, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi C75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 budget good with switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} <pre> linear - creamy tactile - thocky clicky - clacky </pre> <pre > Cherry MX Black are linear switches (no feedback); good for gaming. Cherry MX Red are linear (less noise no click) but more squishy; Cherry MX Brown are in between Blue and Red in style and tactile; Cherry MX Clear switches have soft tactile feedback (with no click). Cherry MX Blue have tactile feedback with a click (noisy); good for typing. Gateron Yellows KS-3, KS-3x47 or better Pros have a milky top and black bottom and linear TTC Silent Frozen v2. Linear and dead silent Mouse the huano brown with yellow dot for silent mouse clicks Kailh red dust proof encoder for smooth and close to silent scrolling Boba U4 Silent Tactile switches Husky linears HMX </pre > === Mouse === if the USB mouse is non-functional put a USB pendrive in before or add the following to user-startup in '''s''' drawer/folder/directory sys:prefs/trident NOGUI > NIL: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Brand ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" | Model ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->[http://www.3dconnexion.com/products/spacenavigator.html SpaceNavigator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->SpacePilot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceExplorer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceMouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->3D Optical | <!--Description-->Wired | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0000:3825 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin | Combo mouse | | 0x05FE | 0x0011 | Low 0100 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Cytec | <!--Description-->Wired Mouse Gaming | <!--Model-->R.A.T 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dell | Mouse | MO56UC | 0x413C | 0x3200 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->equatech / clone logitech | <!--Description-->wireless mouse | <!--Model-->49779 / M185 | <!--Vendor ID--> 3151:2020 later 3151:3020 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{Yes|detected and works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hama | RF Optical Mouse | AM-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keycron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling and 16k dpi }} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested barebones 1k polling and 16k dpi, great for small hands, loud clicks}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->LogiCAD 3D | <!--Description-->3D Mouse | <!--Model-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Logitech | Cordless Desktop Navigator | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | Logitech Inc. | First/Pilot Wheel Mouse | N48/M-BB48 M-BE58 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Logitech | Wireless mouse | [http://www.logitech.com/en-roeu/mice_pointers/mice/devices/5484 M305] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Logitech | Wireless RF Mouse | MK710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->MX Master Anywhere 2S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|untested}} micro USB charge port on front |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M220 silent | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Logi | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 3S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|2021 untested usb-c bluetooth, inbuilt battery but muted clicks}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G502 X Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 4 MXM | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Bluetooth usb-c dongle, inbuilt lithium battery}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Brand | Description | Model | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion--> |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8566 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8518 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->OrzerHome Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8514 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1 aa with no on/off switch }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wheel Mouse optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Sidewinder Mouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | IntelliMouse Explorer USB optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wireless Optical Mouse 2000 | | 0x045E | 0x00F9 | | {{no|not working see keyboard Media Desktop 2000 above}} |- | <!--Brand-->Microsoft | <!--Description--> | <!--Model-->1461 1447 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|usb dongle matched to one mouse only no others}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Orochi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Mamba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Naga | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} 17 buttons |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB Optical | <!--Model-->Naga Hex V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} MOBA Gaming Mouse, Professional Grade 16,000 DPI Sensor - RGB lighting |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->DeathAdder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Viper | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Basilisk V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling, 35k dpi, }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Trust | Slimline Lasermouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | SteelSeries | Tobii EyeX EyeMobile PCEye | Eye Tracking Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} gaze interaction track technology for augment augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->The Eye Tribe Tracker | <!--Description-->Eye | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description-->USB Optical Mouse | <!--Model-->MV3000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x192f | <!--Product ID-->0x0916 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |} === Trackball === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->3Dconnexion SpaceBall 5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} Labtec designed and rolled into new company 3dconnexion 2001 by owners Logitech |- | <!--Description-->ACCO Kensington Orbit optical F1233A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kensington Turbo Mouse 64210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Clearly Superior Technologies. Model:CST 1000-RC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Trackman Marble Mouse Wired USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Trackman Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Optical Trackman T-RB22 - Cordless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech M570 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Trackball Mouse Optical 1.0 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft X05-87473 Trackball USB Optical | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === KVM === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->NanoKVM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === Gamepad === Controllers have mostly decided that the left analog joystick is keyboard equivalent of WASD and right joystick is your mouse. You also have 2 bumpers above the triggers. Shoot could be right trigger (so it doesn't involve taking your thumb off the right joystick). Face buttons for reloading or jump or other non-critical functions. Crank up the sensitivity and practice. Testing can be done with the TRIDENT Prefs, [https://devicetests.com/controller-tester html5], [https://greggman.github.io/html5-gamepad-test/ html5], or [https://gamepad-tester.com/ Tester] ==== Dinput Poseidon Default Plugin - Playstation(TM) style ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Bat D2E BTP-BD2E XD4D2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gravis Eliminator Gamepad Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID-->047d | <!--Product ID-->4005 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2d only |- | Hama Black Force USB Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 psx clone look |- | <!--Description-->Jess Tech Game Elements Philips GGE909 PC Recoil Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCbAmIhj6P4 Logitech Wingman Precision USB] G-UC3B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A| }} | 2002 no 3D but good for 2D retro games like Turrican II |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Action Pad G-UB3A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 1 blue lucid translucent - thin analog stick N64 type - |- | Logitech Wingman RumblePad UB05B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc20a | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untesed }} | 2000 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded blue piece - vibration feedback - single shoulder buttons with throttle control below right one |- | Logitech Wingman Cordless RumblePad G-RA4A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc211 | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | 2001 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded black piece - vibration feedback - dual shoulder buttons L1 L2 R1 R2 with blue throttle control below right one - 4 aa mn1500 batteries; life not great - C-UD10A usb dongle - overall big and bulky |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Precision Wired G-UG15 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Precision G-X2E14A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 ps2 styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G-X5C11A Cordless Precision Wireless Controllers | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling black outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/logitech-dual-actiontm-gamepad/ Logitech Dual Action] * G-UD8 has no mode (2D only?) button and no rumble * G-UF13A later | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc2 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 G-UF13A tested only]}} | 2003 New body shape psx style - dual analog 3D sticks - 4 small travel shoulder triggers no 5,6,7,8 |- | Logitech RumblePad 2 G-UF13 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc218 | 1.00 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | 2006 light blue top/black base - twin analogues 3D along with dual short travel shoulder buttons - rumble present - |- | <!--Description-->[Logitech RumblePad 2 Cordless] * G-RC?? OLD version that take FOUR batteries and RED Logitech logo * G-RC14 uses TWO batteries has an ORANGE logo - dongle C-UE10 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->0x0200 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|mostly}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 may have to remove 1 battery - G-RC?? 5 + 7 buttons - G-RC14 use buttons 6 + 8 to reset sticks - replace battery and push large button on receiver - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F310 Wired Dual Action G-U0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|D mode switch}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog 3D with pc-xbox/psx switch on back (only D works) - both rear shoulder RT LT buttons have excess travel - no rumble vibration - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F510 Wired G-UG0002 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog with dual xbox pc/psx X/D switched compatibility modes - |- | Logitech F710 Wireless / Cordless RumblePad 2 G-R0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc219 | 3.05 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | When switch on top set to D and nano receiver for each controller to pair - 2 aa mn1500 batteries required - rumble support sometimes - rear back shoulder buttons excessive travel needed |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Megaworld 'TIME' USB pad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0735 | <!--Product ID-->0x9902 | <!--Revision-->Low 0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No |}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 Poor quality |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft * SideWinder Precision Pro USB (1997) * SideWinder Precision 2 (1998) * Game Pad Pro (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Game Pad USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{yes| }}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{yes| }} | <!--Opinion-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=5934#post_5931 must setup first] |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Gamepad X04 Freestyle | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A }} | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} 1998 might need USB adapter |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder X05 63895 92626 Flight stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|2000 [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=929.msg11309#new tested]}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Flight Stick X08-58736 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Plug & Play Game Pad (2000) SideWinder Joystick (2000) Game Pad 2.0 (2001) SideWinder Force Feedback 2 (2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 long-standing static buildup problem and Force Feedback 2 was the removal of the power brick |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | Saitek [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps1000/ PS1000 Cyborg V.1], [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps2700-rumble-pad/ PS2700] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG0v-hf6ZPA P2600] [http://compactiongames.about.com/od/hardware/tp/gamepads.htm P3600], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek P2900 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested but runs on 1 AA battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sony Batoh PS3 mini USB Wired hookup [http://ps3.jim.sh/sixaxis/usb/ SIXAXIS] *PCB Ribbon Notes *Protos ALPS MSU Rev3 M3 and the later CBEH-1019 *? SA1Q135A for sixaxis *PP4 *V2 *V25 *VX SA1Q146A first dualshock 3 model *VX SA1Q147A CECHZC2U (USA) *VX35 SA1Q159A *VX3 SA1Q160A *VX? SA1Q188A *VX4 SA1Q189A shipped with a CECH-2504 datecode 0C *VX5 SA1Q194A changed design ALPS, PS button changes *VX6 SA1Q195A red case, *VX7 SA1Q222A superslims 2 ribbons *VX8 SA1Q224A superslims 2 ribbons | <!--Vendor ID-->0x054c | <!--Product ID-->0x0268 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|}} | <!--Opinion-->Sometimes detected but no support - no sixaxis features detected - mini usb lead will have varying results - |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS4 *JDM JDS 001 010 011 *JDM 030 040 055 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS5 Dual Sense | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speed Link Strike 2 FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Firestorm Dual Power 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 only 1 axis joystick only]}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-1500 GM-1520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 M series Aluminum Metal Joystick Hitbox Controller Arcade Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 T series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 G series Gamefinger G12 G13 G16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> plastic - |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 S series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> thinner and lighter than G series |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mad Catz sf2 fightstick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Datel Paewang Arcade Pro Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F300 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F500 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Pico Flatbox GP2040-CE Hot Swappable Mini Hitbox Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> default it is configured for PS4 but before plugging usbc cable in, X for Dinput, B Xinput, RT HID - plastic build case - Rev4 based on RP2040 chip and firmware is based on GP2040-CE (Community Edition) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Shenzhen Onebitdo Tech 8bitdo Fighting stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Venom 8 button | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==== Xinput Xbox Style Plugin ==== 2018 extension added originally called AROSx but later redacted. Latest [https://github.com/medusalix/xone linux driver] might be useful. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate C Wired 82CB (Shenzhen ONEBITDO TECH - GWOWO) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3106 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 - 4 t6 torx screws - non hall effect so drifting issues - triggers go faulty often - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C Wired Controller 82CD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x310A | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - HID keyboard assigned - 4 t6 torx screws - hall effect analogs and triggers - 1000Hz polling - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - 400mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad poor for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo ULtimate Mini Wired Controller for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 *Wired Controller *Wireless *Bluetooth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect - playstation style layout for pc - slide button for S-A-D-X switch, android, dinput or xinput - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 tmr hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2026 - mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ace Aurora | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks with no deadzone mode, gyro, linear rumble, trigger stops, back paddles, button swap, macro, turbo, RGB LED effects - tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Beitong Spartan BTP-2270U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Asura 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect - noble linear trigger potentiometer and alps shoulder LB/RB micro switch |- | <!--Description-->BEITONG ASURA 2 Pro+ Game Controller Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beitong Zeus 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BebonCool Dinofire Model Number: Q218 / TP28 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 - triggers aren't progressive but ON/OFF - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers - tri mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX Wireless Controller PC PS3, 9013pro ESM-9013PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 linear hall effect but device sometimes will not connect tried multiple attempts with the dongle |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY MICRO SWITCH - Bumpers Tactile switch Hall Effect analog |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect analog and triggers - membrane buttons - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX S10 Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 TMR Hall effect and compatible with Switch 2/PC/Phone/TV/Steam, NFC, Gyro, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->202 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fantech World EOS Pro WGP15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect trigger and sticks,2 back paddles, motion controlling |- | <!--Description-->Fantech EOS PRO II S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 controller with TMR hall effect analogues, mechanical face buttons and D-pad, 63 input macro, back paddles, turbo - analog triggers with trigger stops - tri mode bt wifi and wired - slide switch on back for switch, macos/android and xinput - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 the Pro(Hall Effects) and Non-Pro (No Hall) |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 hall effect sticks and triggers - poor wifi connection - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons with gold contacts - 800mhA battery - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Dunefox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 basic model hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons - 500mha battery - no gyros - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 5 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 - hall effect stick with tension control, linear triggers, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir T4K Keleid, T4C Cyclone wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 poor to ok switch |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no|| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - switch type layout |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Chicken Run Network Tech Nova Lite GameSir-T4n LITE - Zikway HID gamepad *[https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 4200 seems to be xbox so B then Home for Xinput (green LED), A then Home for HID BT Android (green/yellow LED), Y then Home for Switch Pro (Red LED)] or X then Home for Wifi and start and select to alternatively swap modes * and if on [https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 5700 ds4 so Home + B (blue LED), ] * firmware 6900 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3537 | <!--Product ID-->0x1040 0x1041 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect 3d nubs - no usb-c cable - rubber membrane analog trigger travel and bumpers shoulder buttons - wifi 2.4G and bluetooth - xbox layout so ab and xy might need to be swapped via m and a buttons for switch type [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po-nNuC5fps fixes video] - 250Hz polling - 600mah battery - rigid carry case - poor d-pad esp diagonals - gamesir settings software only on android 6+ or ios based only - |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova 2 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 SE Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir TEGENARIA T3 Lite Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 playstation aesthetic hall effect analog and membrane buttons - X+Home button connects as an Xbox controller |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Cyclone 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR Joysticks with anti-friction rings and metal anti-friction rings around the stems, gyro, rumble, macro, turbo, 2 back paddles, hall analog triggers with micro-switch trigger - tri mode bluetooth, 2.4GHz wifi and wired, 1000hz polling rate - gamesir connect software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 Pro for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR hall effect - hall effect triggers, tri mode connection - gamesir nexus software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Super Nova Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect sticks and triggers, 1000Hz polling, tri mode connectivity, |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 NS08 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Electromagnetic Stick hall effect - hall linear triggers - Mechanical face buttons - wired and wireless - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 PRO NS09 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall efect - wired and wireless - Mechanical face buttons - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong MAX 3 KK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall effect - wired and wireless - lithium battery - |- | <!--Description-->Gulikit KK3 Max USB-c Bluetooth Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Hall Joysticks and Triggers, Maglev/Rotor/HD Vibration, 1000Hz Polling Rate, 4 Back Buttons, |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KK3 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 smaller version of KK3 MAX - hall effect analog and triggers, face buttons , maglev rumble, gyro, 4 back paddles - rigid case - 950mAh up to 8 hrs - |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hyperkin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hori EX2 Turbo UHX3-45 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G1 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Wireless Gaming Controller with 1K Polling Rate Hall Effect Trigger Joystick For Nintendo Switch PC iOS Android |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G5 Pro Wireless Gaming Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY Switch Membrane, Bumpers Tactile switch and hall effect analog |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->microsoft sidewinder precision pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | 0x045e | 0x028e | 0x | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|needs specific driver and has poor 2D control pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Microsoft (R) [https://blog.tkjelectronics.dk/2012/12/xbox-360-receiver-added-to-the-usb-host-library/ Xbox 360] (TM) Wireless Receiver for Windows(R) Model 1086 and Controller | 0x045e | 0x0719, 0x or 0x0291 | 0x0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{No|separate standalone usb dongle detected and shows as 8 vendor interfaces but no class associated and so not working - may need new class from code from xpad or xboxdrv to work the controllor}} |- | <!--Description-->Xbox 360 Kinect [http://hackaday.com/2010/11/10/kinect-open-source-driver-demo-and-hacking/ Video] [http://git.marcansoft.com/?p=libfreenect.git;a=commit;h=7655fcf7239ba4907654089dba535a196685dbe5 GIT] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 proprietary 2.4GHz RF protocol, |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One wireless controller newer model with the 3.5mm headphone jack 1537 1697 and microsoft adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02d1 or 0x02dd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e3 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 ok - |- | <!--Description-->Xbox later models 1708+ Xbox One and Series use 5GHz and use Bluetooth, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ea 0x02fd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 2 Core | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 ok - no hall - 125Hz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Minisform MGP01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MOBAPAD N1HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 has liquid silicone face buttons, hall effect analog, D-Pad swap, two back paddles, USB-A dongle, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad Huben 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Gale 墨将 mòjiāng | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Blitz PRO 2 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON now MOJHON AETHER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks, hall effect triggers, mechanical bumpers, 1000hz polling rate, mechanical D-pad, membrane face buttons, mechanical back paddles, rumble, deadzone issues - tri mode |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MSI FORCE GC20 GC30 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 not hall effect |- | <!--Description-->MSI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mytrix Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NACON GC-100XF Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 average |- | <!--Description-->PXN P5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect joysticks & triggers, limited trigger stops, 1000hz polling rate on wired, 4 back paddles, 32 macro record, anti-deadzone mode, RAW mode, gyro, turbo, tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->PXN P50L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->PowerA | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Stellar T5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Junior E5 Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Razer Wolverine V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RetroFlag | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speedlink XEOX Pro Analog Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->enclosed lithium battery? - xbox layout - switchable on back of controller to directinput (dinput) or xinput - USB dongle switchable to pc and ps3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Instinct Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 good |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Envision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Steel Series Stratus Duo XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->usb adapter needed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/Inputlabs InputLabs Alpakka Open Source and build yourself] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY it with 3d printer, pcb and components - pi pico needed - 2 gyros for better accuracy - |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/kapybara Inputlabs kapybara] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY one handed version wip |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vilcorn Z03 BT Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - other Bluetooth modes (green, red, blue, purple, etc.) Select + M1 (or M2) - 400mAh - not great latency wired - 800mhz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd ultimate legend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+ elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+excellent | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} <pre> #ifndef AROSX_LIBRARY_H #define AROSX_LIBRARY_H #include <exec/types.h> #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0x00 #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_GAMEPAD 0x01 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP 0x0001 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN 0x0002 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT 0x0004 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT 0x0008 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_START 0x0010 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_BACK 0x0020 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB 0x0040 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB 0x0080 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER 0x0100 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER 0x0200 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_A 0x1000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_B 0x2000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_X 0x4000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_Y 0x8000 struct AROSX_GAMEPAD { ULONG Timestamp; UWORD Buttons; UBYTE LeftTrigger; UBYTE RightTrigger; WORD ThumbLX; WORD ThumbLY; WORD ThumbRX; WORD ThumbRY; }; #define AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT 0x00 #define AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT 0x01 #define AROSX_EHMF_CONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT) #define AROSX_EHMF_DISCONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT) struct AROSX_EventHook { struct Node eh_Node; struct MsgPort *eh_MsgPort; ULONG eh_MsgMask; }; struct AROSX_EventNote { struct Message en_Msg; ULONG en_Event; APTR en_Param1; APTR en_Param2; }; #endif /* AROSX_LIBRARY_H */ </pre> === Joystick === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CH Products CombatStick 568 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Cyborg X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Extreme 3D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | [Logitech Attack 3 Joystick] | 0x0464 | 0xC214 | 0205 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek X-52 x52 pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek aviator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Speedlink Competition Pro USB | | | | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{maybe|works but games not working "out of the box"}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator QZ 501 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator TH 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust XK 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===[https://github.com/JacKeTUs/linux-steering-wheels Gaming Racing Steering Wheels]=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="40%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/pid1_01.pdf USB PID standard not supported], |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cammus C5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec CSL Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 and Xbox - belt driven wheel - 30cm wheel swapping |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec Club Sport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt $600 £500 system |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FFBeast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius TRIO RACER F1 Racing Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Cheap and cheerful but not great - may need calibrating |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hama PC Racing Wheel Thunder V18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Average |- | <!--Description-->Hori Racing Wheel 3 with pedals | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PC |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logic3 PXU450 TopDrive GT450 Steering Wheel for PS3, PS4, XBox One and PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MOMO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Very good |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Driving Force GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Drive Force Pro DFP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> wheel 900 degree - weighs in at 15&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Formula Force EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->200 degrees turn for the EX model is arcade-like driving - adds PS3 compatibility via the PSx/2 adaptor - weighs in at 9&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G27 PC/PS3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> comes with gear shifter - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G29 PC PS3/PS4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G920 PC XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G923 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft(R) SideWinder Precision Racing Wheel (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R12 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Ultrawipf/OpenFFBoard OpenFFBoard], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simagic M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> base direct drive $900 £800 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simplicity Simwheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> direct |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simxperience Accuforce V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SPEEDLINK Drift O.Z. Racing Wheel with Pedals and Gear Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries Simraceway SRW-S1 Steering Wheel (PC) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Nascar Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari Challenge Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> Poor |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari FGT Rumble GT Experience 3-in-1 (PC/PS3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID-->b658 | <!--Revision-->0102 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Wheel and all buttons detected}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Opinion-->Not great - gear driven 240deg wheel rotation - no psu needed - 2 peddle - flappy gear change - rumble untested - red switch for PC PS3 selection |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster F430 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T500 RS Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> belt driven wheel/rumble for GT5 |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T60 Challenge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T150 Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> gear / belt combo wheel / rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TMX Pro PC/XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> direct drive rumble - no manual gear shift included |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Base level and OK - PS4 - 270deg rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T300 RS GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PS4 - belt driven - 900deg rotation and modular 28cm wheel out - 2 peddles but 3 available |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TX Leather | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->TX Xbox version - 900deg rotation |- | <!--Description-->Thrustermaster TS PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PC only belt wheel |- | <!--Description--> TS XW Racer PC Xbox1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt system |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T-GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 $700 £600 with T-DFB |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Tracer Zonda Racing Steering Wheel PC PS3 Vibration Feedback Pedals Gearbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===Gamepad Joypad Adapters=== * Most adapters will work in most OS's without installing a driver. Special functions needing drivers will be noted. * Some adapters do not work with some [http://www.stepmania.com/wiki/Dance_Pads dance pads] because of voltage issues. Other adapters map the dancemat arrows as axes and not as buttons, causing problems. * If using an adapters should be compatible with '''original''' PlayStation PS/Xbox Xbox/GameCube GC /Dreamcast DC/Sega Saturn SS gamepads. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.maplin.co.uk/psx-usb-bridge-34887?tabid=3&worldid=&doy=21m9&faqitem=playstation%20controller%20to%20pc%20adaptor Maplin] [http://www.rockfire.com.tw/ Padix Co. Ltd. Rockfire] PX-205 PSX/USB Bridge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0583 | <!--Product ID-->0x2050 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes}} but buttons mapped different from others | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|poor}} | <!--Opinion-->Ok with dpads, but very poor support with analogue hack |- | Boom PS Joy Converter adaptor | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | discontinued (2004/5). Hold Up, Start, and Select for three seconds. Very good [http://www.stepmania.com stepmania] recommendation. |- | [http://www.hkems.com/m_main.htm EMS] [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/ps2-usb2.htm USB2] grey plastic box with 2 PSX ports, one on either side - UP and Select pressed for 3 seconds at the same time or the dance code (start+select+up) | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows the PS port works in digital mode on d-pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | Set in PC switch mode. Does not work when using 2 pads at the same time, likely higher power requirements. FPSE emu DualShock untested, Mat and Guitar untested but known lag involved |- | Joytech (play.com) (EMS USB2 bad clone) Black box twin PSX | 0x0b43 | 0x0003 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | but poor on dance ddr mat and guitar hero as the left and right keys do not like being pressed together, Dual shock untested |- | [ EMS Trio Linker ] 1 PSone connection at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued 2005 |- | [http://psxemulator.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=support&action=display&thread=421 EMS Trio Linker Plus] (blue box) 1 PSx at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued |- | Gamtec [http://www.gamestone.co.uk/gradius/guides_usb_smartjoy_guide.php SmartJoy Plus] Lik Sang PS->USB converter Red 2005 | 0x0925 | 0x0005 | Low 0110 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|detected and digital dpad works with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4138&forum=2&post_id=35952#forumpost35952 joystick and testjoystick tests] but the second analog control is not mapping correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue Hack - hardware buggy not useable}} | Dual shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested. Nothing picked up upon plugging it in. Quite common, these items have grounding issues or feed voltage back into the USB host and freeze the host controller, preventing any plugins or removals being detected. |- | Gamtec SmartJoy Plus Dual PS->USB converter Red | 0x0925 | 0x00 | Low | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | |- | [http://uk.gear.ign.com/articles/700/700334p1.html Lik-Sang Super SmartJoy PSX] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX |- | Soyo Kiki Kiky | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | eXcel PSX adaptor shaped a little like a stealth bomber with USB pass through | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Venom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Dragon Plus (Radio Shack) Pantherlord GreenAsia USB to PS2/PS3 converter single black cable | 0x0e8f | 0x03 | 1.07 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | |- | Deal Extreme 2 PSX black cables from 1 USB port | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HDE 2014 Personal Communication Systems Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0810 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Same as single cable above but with black block midway along cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC001 Super Joy Box 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC016 Super Joy Box arrowhead triangle twin PSX] Original was lack with RED Leds. Clones Dilong pu203, Blue HDE Neewer ShineData SD-APS2USB, Red Octane and Black PC Power Box (NS3454) '''embossed circle''' on top | 0x0810 | 0x0001 | 1.06 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows one PS port does not work with analog control at all but the other port does and maps correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works }} | Still available 2013, poor construction though, falls to pieces easily. Dual Shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd [http://www.mayflash.com/pc/pc038/pc038-1.htm Mayflash PC038 Super Joy Box Pro triangle twin PSX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PC006 long V-shaped 4 port PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PRO PC039 PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | Boom PSX+N64 USB converter (purple or blue see through box) (2003/4) - red led for psx and green led for n64 | 0x6666 | 0x0667 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|not detected by Tests/joystick}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue hack }} | Rumble Pak untested |- | [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/TrioLinkerPlus2.htm EMS Trio Linker Plus II] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4753&forum=24&post_id=43102#forumpost43102 ] | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1DC 1GC 1PSX but not for ddr mat games |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC043 clone HuiJia Black twin N64 converter for PC USB | 0x0e8f | 0x3013 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|detected by Tests/joystick though two digital pads have their settings wrong}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works well with middle handle/grip little joystick}} | Rumble Pack untested |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC MagicBox SuperBox 3 | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | untested 1SS 1DC 1PSX } |- | <!--Description-->Lik Sang SmartJoy X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0285 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SmartJoy X2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0289 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC018 Super Joy Box 9 Xbox (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work. Hub(s) 0x0288 detected but 0x0289 xbox1 joypads are not detected as hid let alone as [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62940.html xpad] or [http://pingus.seul.org/~grumbel/xboxdrv/ linux xboxdrv driver] |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC019 Super Joy Box 10 Xbox Twin ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work with the big Fatty Duke or smaller S Akebono controller(s) |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC020 Super Joy Box 11 Xbox Quad ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x0604 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC035 3 in 1 Magic Joy box PS GC Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to NES [http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Standard_controller SPI like protocol] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo Classic USB Pad SNES like | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC044 USB to SNES | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to MEGADRIVE GENESIS Joypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.retrousb.com/product_info.php?cPath=21&products_id=70 USB to 9 pin ATARI RETROPORT style JOYSTICK PORT] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Atari RetroLink 9pin to SB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SLS Sega Saturn USB pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC050 Dual Saturn ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guitar Hero for PC/Mac | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1430 | <!--Product ID-->0x474C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cronus Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BrookX One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Gamecube to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Magic NS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> WiiU |- | <!--Description-->Brook Converter WiiU P3 P4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CooV Xbox One Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * [http://www.bemanistyle.com/forum/f6/best-metal-pad-19066/ Metal dance pads with LEDs] - My My Box Blue Shark (Nexen), Cobalt Flux (CF) (Let's Groove), Red Octane Afterburner, TX-2000, Logic3 (Dance Dance Dance), Gamerose (Stay Cool), * Hard foam mat - [http://www.mayflash.eu/3in1-deluxe-dansmat-ignition-foam-ps2xboxpc-p-5.html Mayflash] FutureMax Deluxe 3 in 1 Ignition, [http://www.gamerose.com/ Gamerose] (Stay Cool), TrinPad orange, * Soft foam mat - Logic3 (PS420N), [http://www.positivegaming.com/index.php?id=36 Positive Gaming Impact], Gamerose Miss Daisys Naki (Stay Cool), Pelican, MadCatz *PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 flex ribbon big source of button/trigger issues with all controllers *PS2 Phat KSA1Q40A (Board), SA1Q33A (Membrane) SCHP-10010 H *PS2 SA1Q42A SCHP-10010 A *PS2 SA1Q43-A SCHP-10010 H The primary axes are either the Control Pad or the left stick. Buttons come in a rough order: face buttons, then shoulder buttons, then Select and Start, then buttons under sticks, and finally Control Pad directions if not assigned to a hat. But the order and number of buttons within a category are unpredictable, as is which button the user expects to use for each action. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Joypad ! width="5%" | HATS ! width="5%" | Button 01 ! width="5%" | Button 02 ! width="5%" | Button 03 ! width="5%" | Button 04 ! width="5%" | Button 05 ! width="5%" | Button 06 ! width="5%" | Button 07 ! width="5%" | Button 08 ! width="5%" | Button 09 ! width="5%" | Button 10 ! width="5%" | Button 11 ! width="5%" | Button 12 ! width="5%" | Button 13 ! width="5%" | Button 14 ! width="5%" | Axes 1 ! width="5%" | Axes 2 ! width="5%" | Axes 3 ! width="5%" | Axes 4 ! width="5%" | Axes 5 ! width="5%" | Axes 6 ! width="10%" | Comment |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | | A (down-green) | B (right-red) | X (left-blue) | Y (up-yellow) | LB (white) | RB (black) | Back | Start | Guide | L3 | R3 | | | | Left X | Left Y | LT | Right X | Right Y | RT | Poor 2D, Good 3D |- | <!--Description-->Gravis GamePad / Original PlayStation Controller | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Red (Sqleft) | Yellow X (X down) | Green O (O right) | Blue (Tri up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | | | | | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Older Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Blue X (down) | Red O (right) | Pink Sq (left) | Green Tri (up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Newer Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Up | Right | Down | Left | L2 | R2 | L1 | R1 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 (analogue Hack) | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> Wish Technologies N64 Adaptoid | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> A | C Down | C Right | B | C Left | C Up | L | R | Start | <!--Button 10-->Z | Pad Up | Pad Down | Pad Left | Pad Right | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- |} Just plug in your digital/analogue joystick or gamepad into USB port. The device will be handled by Poseidon USB stack. Poseidon is the USB stack with Trident adding a GUI (graphical user interface) prefs. the context sensitive page would come up right on pressing the help key inside the relevant window. The manual is in this archive, just in case it isn't in SYS:Locale/Help *How to change joystick mode to analogue? By default a connected USB joystick emulates Amiga digital joystick. To change this behaviour so that the joystick is presented as analogue you need to use Trident preferences application (System:Prefs/Trident). Open Trident and go to Devices on the left hand side (mouse click once on it). Select your controller from the list to the right and then click on Settings button below. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section near the bottom. Find ports which are set to "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB" and change them to "Analogue Hack". Please note that analogue joystick support is an extension of original Amiga functionality, thus an Amiga application must be explicitly written to use it. AROS SDL library uses this functionality, thus all SDL applications that use joystick, can use the analogue joystick feature. The HID class has several options how to handle the input data: * Don't touch: The movement and button data for is not modified by the hid class. This is the default for the ports 0, 2, and 3. * Overwrite with USB: This will kill the original data that might had come from the internal ports and overwrites it with the joypad data for this USB interface. Note well: If you have multiple joypads connected, take care which setting you have selected for each port, because only the last interface with this option will actually send the joypad data to the game. * Merge with USB: This option merges the input data of the lowlevel.library with the USB stream. This only works, if the connected device on the original Amiga ports is NOT a mouse (because then the streams are incompatible). Merging should be the preferred method, because it leaves the original joysticks working. * Disable: Turns off the port for the application. * Analogue Hack: Tells Poseidon to force reporting of analogue data at the port. Please note that this only works with programs that understand the analogue data, because it's an extension to the original lowlevel.library standard made by Commodore. If you want to incorporate this feature in your software, just contact me and I will send you the necessary information. * Rumble Port: As addition to the analogue data, the HID class supports applications and games that want to utilize a rumble pack or force feedback motors in the gamepads. This field selects to which lowlevel port the hid device responds, when attempting to use the rumble pack. Normally, this corresponds to the port that has been set in the actions for the joypad. *How to change joystick port assignment? The low level library supports up to four ports. Port 0 is usually used by the mouse, port 1 is the standard port for joysticks/joypads. By default a connected USB joystick is present in Port 1. To change its location to Port 0 you need to use Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section. Port 1 should be set as either "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB". Change this setting to "Don't touch". Change Port 0 setting to "Merge with USB". Go to "Actions" tab. In the "Reports and collection" select first entry named "Joystick". in the "Usage items" select "X axis". Go to "Performed actions" area. On the left there will be a list of triggers. Each of them should have (port1) in their params. Click on the first trigger and using buttons to the right of the list change port1 into port 0. Repeat this for all triggers and for all items on "Usage items" list. *How to make joystick simulate keyboard keys? With Poseidon it is possible to make the joystick simulate the keyboard pressings. This might enable using joystick for playing games which only have keyboard support. This feature is configured in Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. Go to "Actions" tab. On the right top window select X axis. On the left bottom list select an entry "Digital Joystick, Push left(port 1)". On the panel to the right change "Digital joystick" into "Raw Key". A list of keys will be displayed. Select key you wish to send. Repeat the same procedure for "Digital Joystick, Release left (port 1)" option but this time check "Send key up even instead of key down". Open shell and move your joystick to the left - your selected letter should appear in the shell. *Analogue in Trident Prefs * Open the Trident USB Prefs -> Devices -> Select your joypad -> Settings button -> Action TAB * See some "axis" listed under "Usage items" in the top right of the window. They are your analog stick(s) * Check [x] Track Incoming Events which is half way down the window on the left And you should see some axis activity in "Usage items" when you move the analog stick *Actions HID class item -> Settings -> HID Class Window -> Action Tab -> Action handling area Reports and collections -> Usage Items -> Performed actions Qualifier keys are *special*. You don't only need to create the actual keypress but also modify the qualifiers. Go to the keyboard panel and find the windows menu key by enabling key tracking and pressing the windows menu key. Then assign the right amiga key to it. Go to the actions panel and find the right amiga key (it's called "Keyboard right GUI"). Remember the actions stored there, best write them down in exact order. Then delete them. Find the windows menu item and add the missing qualifier action. Be sure the parameters are exactly the same and the order is right. Set them to Raw, then assign an up and down button for each character, etc. when you change the settings to RAW so you can assign keyboard strokes. it will always say, KEYDOWN or what ever on the left, it never provides and option for key release. The problem still remains though that if I try to assign the Directional Pad (Hat) to Arrow Keys, that things will get screwed up and you either can not move with the directional PAD (HAT), or movements are assigned to the Left Analog, and do not work as they should, it's as if the right and down arrow keys are ALWAYS On, regardless of the fact that I did indeed assign a Key release command to each input. check that by pressing analog directions and see the current values, and the thresholds configured in poseidon to bind them to left/right/up/down. misconfigured too much stuff in the HID settings, you can always go in poseidon->config list entry and delete the config item related to your device (or the HID class setting itself), back to basics. *Rumble in Trident Prefs Open Trident Prefs and click on the Devices option in the left hand window. Click with the mouse once on your gamepad choice on the right hand side and again on the Settings button below. In the new window, select the '''General''' TAB and half way down on the right there is an "Open Now" button in the section "HID output control window". Clicking on that button opens another window (HID Control) with sliders for the two rumble engines inside the controllers and you can test if they work. '''Sometimes clicking that button does nothing, other times it will open the window and say nothing is detected.''' The leftmost two sliders do nothing, the third one has a large rumble effect, and the fourth one has a small rumble effect. ===Graphic Drawing Tablet=== There is a standard in HID for tablets possibly mouse type. If the tablet is HID conforming in that sense, it should work. Aiptek does a fairly good job at this. The other competitor, Wacom, didn't pay too much attention to this and simply adapted their legacy serial protocol into HID in a very awkward way. Older Wacom tablets have worked with the special support in the HID class, but not the more recent ones. to use graphic tablets fully, applications need to be written that make use of the AmigaOS NewTablet events (which AROS has) * Entry level - A6 (6x4) work area * Medium A5 (6x8) A4 (10x7) size (recommended but only a few ie years 2000 to 2003 models supported) * Semi Pro A3 (12x9) * Pro Cintiq * 2005/6 Some support added for Wacom tablets * 2008 Wacom's patent on battery free pens expires {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Micrograf Tabby (late 1980s and early 1990s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->podscat pt 3030 graphics tablet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Summagraphics | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom IV compatible (Graphire, ArtPad, A3, A4, A5 and PenPartner CT-0405-P - Wacom intuos GD-0405-R) Waycom Digitiser II UD-0608-R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Artpad II (KT-0405-R) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AceCad boards | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Calcomp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 8000 - Aldi/Medion MD 9310 and Aldi/Tevion LT 9310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Tablet PC penabled | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based like x61t X60t NC4200 NC4400 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PenPartner * PenPartner 2 * PenStation 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire - Wacom Tablet ET-0405-U UV1.1-1 (Slate Blue) ET-0405UL (lime) (orange) (red) (purple) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0X0010 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|late 90s with A6 size - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511 under Trident prefs. Air pen mouse type movements }} |- | <!--Description--> * Grapphire 2 4x5 ET-0405A-U UV2.0-3 (Steel Blue) * Graphire 2 5x7 ET-0507A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0011 and 0x0012 | <!--Revision-->0110 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 versions - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air pen mouse type movements - mouse EC-120-0K tested}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire 3 * cte-430/w 4x5 pearl sapphire * cte 630 6x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0013 and 0x0014 | <!--Revision-->0314 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 size - [Wacom Support] Xaxis 0-10207 yaxis 0-7423 tip pressure 0-511 and the erase end appears to respond but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | Wacom Graphire 4 * cte-440/B Blue cte 440/s Silver 4x5 * cte-640 6x8 cte 640 u 0403 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 and 0x0016 | <!--Revision-->403 | {{Yes|A6 and A5 work area detected [Wacom Support] x-axis 0000-10207 Y axis 0000-7423 Tip Pressure 000-511 and delete rub out end of the pencil seems detected but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom Intuos 4x5 GD-0405 * Intuos 6x8 GD-0608 * Intuos 9x12 GD-0912 * Intuos 12x12 GD-1212-U * Intuos 12x18 GD-1218 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0020 0x0021 0x0022 0x0023 0x0024 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected and responses delivered back - x axis up to 30479 and y axis 31679, tip pressure up to 1023 and x and y tilt up to 127 - Wacom intuos GD-0912-A for Apple Macs NOT SUPPORTED}} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 2 4x5 A6 - XD-0405-U * Intuos 2 6x8 A5 - xd 0608u uoc * Intuos 2 9x12 XD-0912-U * Intuos 2 12x12 XD-1212-U * Intuos 2 12x18 XD-1218-U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0041 0x0042 0x0043 0x0044 0x0045 | <!--Revision-->0126 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|various sizes and recognised as [Wacom Support] but not working. x-axis 00000-20319 y-axis 00000-16239 tip presure 0000-1023 x-tilt y-tilt 000-127. HID mouse xc-100-03 works but never could use it as a real tablet with pressure with TVPaint 3.6 }} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 3 4x5 (PTZ-430) * Intuos 3 4x6 (PTZ-431W ) * Intuos 3 6x8 (PTZ-630 PTZ630) * Intuos 3 6x11 (PTZ-631W A3 wide) * Intuos 3 9x12 (A4 PTZ-930 PTZ930) * Intuos 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->056a | <!--Product ID-->0x00b0 0x00b1 0x00b2 0x00b3 0x00b4 0x00b5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No}} Actions in HID setup window definitively locks the Pointer (mouse) reports settings and even after a clear and save, nothing changes, the configuration returns to default values. "[Wacom]" reports don't see any events from the tablet, even with "Pointer" reports cleared and save, so is locked a in "mouse" state - but can send a special command to the tablet in order to put it into a special vendor mode. This mode enables Wacom specificities like pressure, tilt, absolute position, buttons, etc... you should send an HID report feature with ReportID=2 and data=2, the current HID class driver doesn't give a way to change that, even using the "initial startup actions" item in the extra collection. No listed features work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Volito - Promethean FT-0405-U06 UV1.4-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0060 | <!--Revision-->0141 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - appears to be the budget option with some but limited features}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Volito 2 * CTF-??? 2x3 * CTF-420G CTF-420 V2.0-0 4x5 * Serif Penabled 6742 rebadge of CTF 420/020-B CTF-420/02 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0062 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - no erase function on the end of the pen - nylon nibs value option}} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PL-400 LCD * PL-500 * PL-510 * PL-550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0030 0x0031 0x0032 0x0034 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> * PL-600 * PL-600 SX * PL-700 * PL-710 * PL-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0033 0x0035 0x0036 0x0037 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Cintiq 21 UX and Cintiq Partner DTF-720 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wacom PenTablet Bamboo (MTE), Bamboo Craft (CTH), Bamboo Fun (CTE), Bamboo Pen (CTL) and Bamboo Pen & Touch (CTH) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Bamboo Fun Medium CTE-650 | | 0x0018 | | {{Maybe|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum]}} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Fun Small CTE-450 white | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo One CTF-430 V2.0-0 CTF 430/S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0069 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A5 wired air pen and acts like a mouse only}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 4 * Small PTK-440 PTK-540 * Medium - PTK-640 - PTK 540WL Wireless - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Intuos4 surface sheet was revised in October 2010 to reduce nib wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 5 Touch * * Medium - PTH-650 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0027 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested work, however wireless may glitch or drag }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro Medium - PTH-651 - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Small Pen Tablet - MTE 450 MTE-450A (MTE-450/k) - | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0065 | <!--Revision-->0116 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 work area - mouse movement but no pen detection except x-axis 2 to -2 and y-axis 2 to -2 - mini usb lead - 4 blue led lit buttons not detected as well as circular touch button?? }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Pen CTL 460 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested all Bamboo versions were criticized for the drawing surface's roughness (which got smoother over time), which caused the small pressure-sensitive 'nib' to wear down, and become slanted or scratchy in the same way as pencil lead, albeit more slowly}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Fun CTH-461/S wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x00D2 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 size - Pen tracking not working but finger touch works }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Connect Pen Tablet CTL-470 CTL-470K 470-DE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 470K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom CTH 480/S wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} lithium battery for pad - |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pen Small CTL-480/S CTL 480 K wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x030E | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected as Intuos PS but not working although the RHS blue led responds to pen on tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 490 PK S Photo - CTH-490CK-S Comic - CTH-490AK-S Art | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested lower hovering height pen nibs wear fast and input lag/responsiveness}} |- | <!--Description-->Intuos Pen & Touch Medium - CTH-680 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit work | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro (PTH-660 and PTH-860) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 10.6" Genius G-Pen M609 Genius G-Pen M609X iVista Media Tablet 10.6 Aiptek MediaTablet 10000u | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0501 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Slim Tablet 12.1" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x172F | <!--Product ID-->0x0034 | <!--Revision-->0x1105 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 12 by 9" Aiptek HyperPen 12000u T-12000U Tablet Series Nisis T-12000u USB Tablet Series Version 1.05 (aiptek rebadged) Trust item #1535 ADESSO Cyber Tablet 12000 Graphic design tablet iVista Media Tablet 12 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2003 Genius G-Pen M712 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0500, 0x08ca | <!--Product ID-->0x0010 | <!--Revision-->0105 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet, untested with others - Puck (mouse) x axis 0000 to 6000 y axis 0000 to 6000 - stylus (pen) x axis 00000 to 12000 y axis 00000 to 12000 tip pressure 0000 to 1023 - 16 function keys - AAA battery needed for pen and another for the mouse}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 14.1" v5.1e Genius G-Pen M714X Aiptek MediaTablet 14000u WMK-H141 Trust item #15358 Adesso CyberTablet 14000 M14 iVista Media Tablet 14.1 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2004 | <!--Vendor ID-->0X172f | <!--Product ID-->0X0500 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet - Stylus (Pen) X 16838 Y 16838 Tip Pressure 1023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0038 Genius G-Pen F509 Manhattan 177405 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0038 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0052 Yiynova MSP19 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0052 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Q Pad Aiptek HyperPen Mini NGS Flexi Style VisTablet PenPad iVistaTablet Q Flex Pad Bravod Q-PD65-S Trust Flex Design Tablet (#16937) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0037 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Sirius Battery Free Tablet VisTablet Muse PENTAGRAM Designer P 2700 Princeton PTB-S1BK | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0502 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 12.1" Genius G-Pen F610 Trust Slimline Widescreen Tablet (#16529) VisTablet Original 12" Adesso CyberTablet Z12 Adesso CT-Z12A PenPower Tooya Pro Aiptek Slim 12.1 Inch Aiptek SlimTablet 600u Premium II NGS Slim Proguess iVistaTablet Slim 12.1 PENTAGRAM ThinType P 2006 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0034 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 5.8" Genius G-Pen F350 Trust item #16485 VisTablet Mini iVistaTablet Slim 5.8 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0032 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Venus S Tablet Trust eBrush Widescreen Tablet (#17939) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0503 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Aiptek GmBH MediaTablet Ultimate II - 16:10 Professional Graphic Tablet Model 1400U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Hanvon Beijing HanWang HW Micro Drawing Tablet ET0504U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b57 | <!--Product ID-->0x8030 | <!--Revision-->01111 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|does not work - recognised as an HID mouse - no tablet extensions detected}} |- | <!--Description-->KYE EasyPen 340, Genius EasyPen 340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0458:5014 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Aiptek Hyper Pen 6000u PC Tablet APT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|detected but does not work - win98 era cordless 6in by 4.5in - }} |- | <!--Description-->nisis T-8000U APT-2 Aiptek rebadge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08CA | <!--Product ID-->0x0021 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected but no responses }} |- | <!--Description-->Acecad Flair II GT-504 Init Fkt Fkt 0x5ab450c0 AIPTEK HyperPen 10000 U Aiptek HyperPen 10000U, AIPTEK Slim Tablet U600 Premium II | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ace Cad Enterprise Co., Ltd Tablet - 5x3.75 drawing area | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bosto's | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} UCLogic Digitizer |- | <!--Description-->Adesso CyberTablet Z7, Adesso CyberTablet 12000, Adesso CT-12000A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic / Lapazz WP8060, UC-Logic / Lapazz PF1209, UC-Logic / Lapazz Artistic Tablet 5540, Manhattan 8"x6", Manhattan 3"x4", Manhattan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but suspect not working}} |- | <!--Description-->DigiPro 5.5×4” Graphics Tablet Digital Ink Pad (A4 format) DigiPro WP8060, DigiPro WP5540, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-pen G-Pen 4500 Genius Wizardpen Genius Mousepen Genius Easypen i405 M610 Genius PenSketch 9x12, Genius MousePen i608, Genius MousePen 8x6, Genius MousePen / WizardPen 5x4, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-Pen F610 Genius G-Pen M610 Genius G-Pen 340 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP4030U) Genius G-Pen 450 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius UC-LOGIC iBall Tablet PF8060 iBall Iball Pen Tablet 8060U, Iball Pen Tablet 5540U, Iball Pen Tablet 4030U, Iball Design Tablet PF1209, NGS CADBOY (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) Pentagram QWare | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust TB-3100 Trust TB-5300 Trust 15356 Trust TB-6300 Trust 15357 WP8060U Slimline but bulky with metal backing A5 size Trust 16486, Trust 16447, Sketch Design Tablet, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|clashes with usb and crashes AROS }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic Tablet WP1062 Aiptek HyperPen 10000U Monoprice 10X6.25 Inches Graphic Drawing Tablet Pickle 10x6.25 Inch Graphic Drawing tabletguess | <!--Vendor ID-->5543:0064 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | [ VTech KidiPhoto Art Studio] | | | | {{yes|works}} |- |} Tablet has a squared lines of wires which induce a current into the pen which is then detected by the metal grid in the tablet pad. Tablets report pressure (and tilt on expensive models) and are absolute pointing devices (put the pen at the top left and the mouse pointer will go to the top left of the screen). Graphic drawing area, what keys, report rate, resolution lpi lpmm, accuracy, pressure levels (may come from the app), origin position, Wacom tablets use electromagnetic resonance technology. Since the tablet provides power to the pen through resonant inductive coupling, no power is required for the pointing device. As a result, no batteries are inside the pen (or the accompanying puck), making them lighter and slimmer. Under the tablet's surface (or LCD in the case of the Cintiq) is a printed circuit board with a grid of multiple send/receive coils and a magnetic reflector attached behind the grid. In send mode, the tablet generates a close-coupled electromagnetic field (also known as a B-field) at a frequency of 531&nbsp;kHz. This close-coupled field stimulates oscillation in the pen's coil/capacitor (LC) circuit when brought into range of the B-field. Any excess resonant electromagnetic energy is reflected back to the tablet. In receive mode, the energy of the resonant circuit’s oscillations in the pen is detected by the tablet's grid. This information is analyzed by the computer to determine the pen's position, by interpolation and Fourier analysis of the signal intensity. In addition, the pen communicates information such as pen tip pressure, side-switch status, tip vs. eraser orientation and ID number (to differentiate between different pens, mice, etc.). For example, applying more or less pressure to the tip of the pen changes the value of the pen's timing circuit capacitor. This signal change can be communicated in an analog or digital method. An analog implementation modulates the phase angle of the resonant frequency, while a digital method is communicated to a modulator that distributes the information digitally. The tablet forwards this and other relevant tool information in packets, up to 200 times per second, to the computer. If you disable (delete all of them except for one that needs to be set to "no action", so that it will not be regenerated as default) the Extra Startup actions, the tablet should remain in relative mouse mode—you will not get pressure information in that mode though. [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/highway_usb/message/2394]}} === Handheld Barcode Scanner Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Farsun 9100 barcode scanner 0-12" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola Symbol LS2203 CMOS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Tysso | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Simple}} Code 11, Code 39, Code 93, Code 128, Coda Bar, UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, MSI/Plessey, Telepen, Interleaved 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Matrix 2 of 5 |- | <!--Description-->Unitech MS320 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WCS3905 CCD 1" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Code 93, Matrix 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Code 39, UCC/EAN-128, ISBN, Code 32, EAN/JAN-8 , EAN/JAN-13 , UPC-A, UPC-E, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, Interleaved 2 of 5, MSI-Plessey, China Post, IATA 2 of 5, ISSN, UK-Plessey |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic Touch 90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Intermec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Metrologic MK9540-32A38 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola LS2208 Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WWS800 Laser 1D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic GD4130-BK-C066 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell 1202G-1USB-5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola / Symbol DS6707-DC20007ZZR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->DataMan 8000 2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Voyager 9520/40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Metrologic MS1690 USB 2D Barcode Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} QR Code GS1 Databar PDF417 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Syscan GM800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} [http://www.scandit.com/2011/11/04/types-of-barcodes-choosing-the-right-barcode-type-ean-upc-code128-itf-14-or-code39/ Types of Barcode] <pre> UPC-A Grocery most common Code 128 EAN-13 Library Books ISBN & ISSN, Code 39 Codabar blood bank, 2D barcodes such as Data Matrix PDF417e Maxicode Aztec QR Code old Nokia handsets, MicroPDF417 </pre> ===TouchScreens=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | eGalax Touch 4a | 0eef | 0001 | 0001 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===GPS tracking, running, cycling, biking, walking, hiking, ORIENTEERING, boaters and mapping=== Support for OpenStreetMap but not for Ordnance Survey, Map Pilot or National Geographic's Topo maps data gdb, Data output supported nmea 0183 V1.5 APA, V1.5 XTE and V2.1 GSA formats, gpx, kml/kmz, tracks from tcx files, geo: URIs, NMEA0183(which is RS232, voltages range from -15 volts to 15 volts, 4800 baud), or need NMEA sentences connected to your computer other method that some units support is a special serial cable that actually emits raw RS232 NMEA. These usually take 10->30 volts input, can run the unit, and have full voltage I/O for RS232 (not like spanner mode, which effectively turns the unit into a USB->Serial adapter inside the case). Equivalent apps - merkator, mapsource, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin gpsmap 180 GPS/chart plotter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->1992 GARMIN GPS 55 AVD Portable System | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - waas pinpoint within 3 metres - nmea - 4AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 12 12XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Legend C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eMap | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|possibly through usbmodem rs232 connection nmea 0183 protocol}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} rs232 these older units supported it and would provide the stream in either the standard NMEA 0183 format or a proprietary Garmin format. |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 75 AVD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Map 7000 model 45006 (1994) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Tracker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Pioneer Satellite Navigator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS 300 315 320 Mentor Receiver (2003) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Not for dedicated sat nav units like the Nuvi, TomTom, etc | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NaviLock NL-402U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested u-blox 5 SuperSense® chipset with receivers for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->GM1-86UB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| U-BLOX UB-6010 GGA,GSA,GSV, RMC and support VTG, GLL, TXT ublox binary and NMEA Command Dynamic Condition }} |- | <!--Description-->NAVILOCK GPS NL-602U USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works via usbmodem.device - ublox ag 6 chipset - 50 channel}} |- | <!--Description-->TOPGNSS ton Receiver & Antenna GM702 u-blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|UBLOX7020 chip design bloc u-blox}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-162 G-MOUSE u blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|UBX G70xx with RMC VTG GSV TXT GLL GGA GSA}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-172 u-blox 7 G7020-KT gps gnss white pen stick receiver - over 1 inch long | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A| detected as cdc controlled plug in device - 18x18x2mm patch antenna but can be slow to update - nmea 0183 and ublox binary protocol}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GlobalSat BU-353 WaterProof USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested SiRF Star III}} |- | <!--Description-->Haicom HI-206 USB GPS receiver with RS-232 interfaces, RJ11 and PS/II connector EB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|usb-serial prolific pl2303 detected but GSP3F SiRF Star IV technology not detected or bound}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->BT760Y, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 5 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 6 GPS chipset - 65 channel}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 7 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 8 GPS chipset - 167 channels}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Colorado 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Geko 101 201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} limited waas enabled only - waypoints - aaa battery |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Edge 200 bike mount | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin ForeRunner 10 15 watch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Montana 600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Dakota 10 20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Map76s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 450T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB nmea 0183 |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex 10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - no nmea0183 sentences data stream output - configuration an option to set it to "Garmin" mode, or "Mass Storage" mode. Since the mass storage mode seems to be required for waypoint/track/etc data exchange, the 'Garmin' mode would be for this data stream. Yet putting it in that mode doesnt seem to produce anything.}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 650T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSMAP 64S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GPSMap 78S or GPSMap 76CSX which has a NMEA port for talking to Nav equipment | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex Vista Cx GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - 2AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSmap 276c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 2000 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} SiRFstarIII™, Antenna Type Multidirectional Patch with WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS support |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==massstorage.class (MSC/UMS - most cameras and mp3 players)== === USB Card Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Installing ! width="15%" |Booting ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | A-Tec Model CR-362 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://www.belkin.com/IWCatProductPage.process?Merchant_Id=&Section_Id=200406&pcount=&Product_Id=179164 Belkin 15 in 1 Card Reader] | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Conrad CP440 60 in 1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works on a1k forum}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Genesys Gtech Logic 19 in 1 | 0x05E3 | 0x0710 | High 0200 | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Hama 19 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Hama 35 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Integral Single Slot SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kingston USB 3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexar microsd adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} but wider than Sandisk version - could block other slot if below |- | Pretec CardDriver | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sandisk MicroMate | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Micro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} has satisfying 'click' when microsd inserted |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Duo MicroSD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} no 'click' insertion uses pressure so future wear and tear issues |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Serena metal cased microsd only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | <!--Description-->Serena "Sandisk MobileMate" look-alike | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | SilverCrest 16in1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P5 8 in 1 TSRDP5K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P8 15 in 1 TSRDP8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Zyxel integralmemory 8 in 1 | 0x0aec | 0x3260 | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|not detected}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Hard Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Datel MaxDrive | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Inateck 2.5 Inch USB 3.0 Hard Drive Disk Enclosure/ Case (FE2001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Full USB 3.0 port but plastic teeth keeping drive in place can snap |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} full USB 3.0 port - updated design |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE3001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} wider USB 3.0 port and no on/off switch Jmicron JMS578 chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Iomega Desktop Hard Drive 500GB, 3,5“, USB2.0 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung T3 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 1 space grey / black metal/ plastic |- | Samsung T5 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 2 256GB 512GB alluring blue 1Tb 2Tb black unibody metal |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Toshiba Canvio 1TB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|partition fat32 or sfs to 100GB max - ntfs partitions not detected out of the box - select usb drive in trident prefs and press disable to shutdown}} |- | Verbatim 160GB Smartdisk | | | | {{yes|works }} |- | Western Digital USB | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->WD Essential | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->WD Passport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB DVD CD ROM Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm enclosure mini-sata dvd-rw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->9.5mm enclosure ECD829 mini-sata dvd-rw with Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13fd | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but probably needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === USB to NGFF NVMe SDD HDD DVD CD ROM Drives === The older Jmicron JMS539B seems to result in massive filesystem corruption given the amount of corrupted content. Prehaps always avoided Jmicron and opted for Asmedia even if it costed a bit more. Realtek seems to be working okay for me generally speaking and newer Jmicron chipsets are less buggy – but evidently not perfect. From [https://goughlui.com/2025/08/17/psa-validate-your-storage-jmicron-jms583-kioxia-bg4-series-ssd-issue/ thread] Here is a [https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/stable-nvme-usb-adapter.2572973/ very long thread] that discusses data corruption and stability issues with these bridges. The majority of the posts are complaining of dropouts, hangs and the like, which usually down to either a poor USB 3.x implementation (SuperSpeed connections are very picky as to cables, ports and trace routing) or problematic compatibility. Regardless, the [https://www.legitreviews.com/jmicron-jms583-controller-version-matters-for-portable-usb-drives_219422 JMS583 is known to have several versions] noting that the last revision (C) in that article is a 2021 release which should fix earlier stability and cable quality compatibility issues. JMS583-STD-Release-v00.02.01.04-Bus Power.bin is the latest JMS583 firmware as of August 2025. Early firmware RTL9210 seems to have issues as well * RTL9210B * JMS583 rev1 with firmware A2 or A3 * RTL9210A * JMS583 firmware 2.0.9 * Asmedia ASM2362 * RTL9201A The reference Hardware ID for the JMS583 chipset from JMicron is: VID_152D&PID_0583&REV_0209 where "VID_152D" identifies a JMicron product; "PID_0583" is the generation chipset; "REV_0209" is the firmware version installed. In the same way, the reference Hardware ID for the RTL9210 from Realtek is: VID_0BDA&PID_9210&REV_3100 "VID_0BDA" is for a Realtek product, "PID_9210" is referred to the chipset and "REV_3100" to the firmware. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ASM1153E / ASM1153 with firmware 140509_A1_82_40 or 141126_A1_EE_82. Both supports UASP and TRIM on USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->ASM235CM Ugreen aluminum bridging the USB3.2 Gen2x1 to Serial ATA host interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TI 9261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASM225 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS578 issues USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0578 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS576 issues USB 3 to usb-c adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0576 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|orico}} |- | <!--Description-->JMS562 JMicron Technology Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0562 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMS561U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0x1561 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->VL716Q4 Orico black meshed aluminum usb c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASmedia ASM1051E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174C | <!--Product ID-->0x1536 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM104x | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x1042 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown Chinese version | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0bc2 | <!--Product ID-->0x2312 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron N5321 gr | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0xa583 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Initio Corp INIC-1618L mini slimline sata 6 + 7 pins to usb2 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13FD | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb2 detects 201x laptop DVD as MassStorage(CD/DVD) but may need powered USB hub}} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown mini sata to usb3 adaptor | <!--Vendor ID-->0x01F75 | <!--Product ID-->0x0621 | <!--Revision-->0036 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb3 detects 201x notebook DVD drive as MassStorage(SCSI) but 5V 1.5Amp needs powered hub to burn }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === External Floppy === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://techtravels.org/amiga/amigablog/ Amiga Floppy Project] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=842 Catweasel Mk4] | 0xE159 | 0x0001 | 0x00 | {{yes|[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/storage works]}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://hxc2001.free.fr/floppy_drive_emulator/ HxC Floppy Emulator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.softpres.org/glossary:kryoflux KyroFlux] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung SFD-321U/EP USB Floppy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.cbmstuff.com/proddetail.php?prod=SCP SuperCard Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.facebook.com/groups/greaseweazle Greaseweazle STM hardware], [https://cowlark.com/fluxengine/index.html Greaseweasel support], [https://github.com/keirf/Greaseweazle/wiki software], [https://amigakit.amiga.store/greaseweazle-p-91279.html buy], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FL-2501 USB Portable Diskette Drive | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2009 usb - [https://amiga.robsmithdev.co.uk/ Drawbridge] [https://github.com/RobSmithDev/ArduinoFloppyDiskReader software] ribbon cable compat with p/n 19308801-19 and s/n U356244 - model ASM P/N 27l4226 and FRU P/N 05k9283 - |- | <!--Description-->Dell Floppy Drive Module USB External 3.5" - Teac FD-05PUB 1.44mb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 usb 1.1 |- | <!--Description-->USB FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (USB External Floppy Disk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/SukkoPera/OpenFlops OpenFlops] with [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] Gotech clone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/hmerrett/HenryFlops HenryFlops reworked OpenFlops] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ==ptp.class (PTP and MTP - other cameras and mp3 players)== === Cameras === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 350D (also known as the Digital Rebel XT/Kiss Digital N) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 DIGIC II processor 8-megapixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot A430 A560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 400D (XTi) digital SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1000D also known as Rebel XS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2mp 720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 450D aka Rebel Xsi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 12.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot S90 S95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 2010 720p video - 10Mpixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot SD960 IS Digtal ELPH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 Still Image: Exif 2.2 (JPEG), Movie: MOV (Image: H.264; Audio: Linear PCM) Lithium-ion Battery Pack NB-4L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 500D aka Rebel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 1080p 15.1MP Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 550D 600D aka Rebel T2i T3i DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010-2011 1080p 18MP Lithium LP-E8 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot S100 S110 S120 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011-2013 720p-1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1100D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T3 SLR, EOS Kiss X50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p 10Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 650D 700D aka Rebel T4i T5i T6i SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2013 1080p 18Mpixels Lithium LP-E8 articulating flip out twistable screen }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon ELPH 300 HS (IXUS 220 HS) 230 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 blogging camera }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 12.1 MP CMOS, DIGIC 5 Wifi Lithium Battery Pack NB-9L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7 X, G7X-II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014-2016 1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1300D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T6 SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 1080p 16Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7x G5X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| G7X flip up and G5X flip out - same batteries - no external microphone input - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS M3 M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| flip out - same batteries - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 60D 70D 80D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 6D 7D 8D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 5D Mark II III IV DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix A850 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FujiFilm Finepix F100fd | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix F810 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xf1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| pocketable exr cmos 12mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt1 x-t1 x10 x-t10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujifilm x100 x100s x100t | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xPro1 xPro2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt2 / x-t2 x-t20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K video }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GoPro HERO 3 HERO4 HERO 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D100, D60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 Compact flash storage - non interchangeable lenses up to 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D50, D50x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 storage - 6.1MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D70, D80, D90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 Compact flash storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D40, D40x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D300, D700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 storage - 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D2Xs, D2Hs, D3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006-2008 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 720p video unlike D3000 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16mpixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16.2mp 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L26 L27 L28 L29 L31 Coolpix compact cameras | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video - 2 AA - pocket sized }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video 14.2mp}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5100 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16.2mp 720p}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L810 L820 L830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7100 D7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 up to 24.2mp 1080p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 1080p 24MPixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5200 D5300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D800 D600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 1080p video sd card storage - dust/oil issue at start}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3300 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D500, a high-performance DX-format (APS-C) DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5500 D5600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016-2018 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D810 D610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 1080p video sd card storage }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K UHD video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D900 D850 D820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4k 46MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus C-370 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Camedia C-725 Ultrazoom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3mp aa batteries, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 8mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-410 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-510 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 10MP Live MOS sensor with TruePic III processor, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-420 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-620 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 12.3mp, compactflash, xD and microdrive cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-450 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax * ist DS DSLR camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K10D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 10.2mp APS-C CCD no video and older manual Pentax K-mount lenses}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2008 14.6MP APS-C but no video recording mode }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K30 K-5 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 16MP full HD (1080p) recording at 24/25/30 fps}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 25.7MP BSI CMOS sensor }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix LZ10 LZ20 DMC-LZ30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ1 TZ5 TZ9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix GH1 GH2 like the DMC-GH2HEB-K - GH3 DMC-GH3HEB-K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Four Thirds (GH2) MFT Micro Four Thirds (GH3) limited to 29mins recording }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic AF series AF100 AF101 AF102 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 DMC-G3 G5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic DMC LX7 10 LX15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GF7 GX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic G80 G85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 - shooting in MOV or MP4 formats recording limited to sd card size but split files because the FAT32 file system only supports files up 4GB in size, which amounts to around 5 minutes of 4K (100mbps) footage - GH4 appears to create 4GB files as a rule, regardless of whether the memory card’s file system supports larger files or not - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH5 gx80 gx85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Effective: 20.3 Megapixel 5184 x 3888 - 2 sd card slots compatible with high-speed, high capacity UHS-II - sd card v rating like the v90 should record at 60MB/s to be compatible with the GH5 in the All-I format - possible file corruption with .mdt files - new firmware 2.0 update, the Panasonic GH5 becomes the first 5K - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic FZ2000 FZ2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung WB100 WB1100 WB150 WB2200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX200, NX20, NX1000 and NX210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 20.3Mp APS-C sized CMOS image sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo Xacti CG65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cyber-shot DSC camera models W110 W220 H300 H400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A230 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX20V HX30V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 18mp 720p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX50V HX60V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 20.2MP 1080p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A77 A99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony WX100 WX150 wx220 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 2014 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-6 Sony NEX-7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16 to 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-3N Sony NEX-5N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α58 Sony α68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 20.1 MP 2014 24mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1MP 1.0-type back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor, often after boot-up, the motor starts running for no reason for first versions' - }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α5000 a5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1 Megapixel APS-C Exmor APS HD CMOS 1080p Sony E-mount [https://github.com/ma1co/Sony-PMCA-RE hack] using [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M4hR9HiOzM this] }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6000 a6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP APS-C sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7S a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α77 II, α99 II, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24.3 MP, 2016 42.4mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk IV V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RX0 RX zero, RX0 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2017 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6500 a6500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP APS-C sensor 4K }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 Alpha 7 II E-mount interchangeable lens mirrorless camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7Sii a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony a7 III α77 ILCE7M3/B Full-Frame Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 24mm optical zoom, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1F | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 entry-level vlogging, 1-inch 20.1MP, ultra-wide 20mm f/2 prime lens}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} <pre > Lens Mounts Canon EF EF-S Nikon F Panasonic Olympus OM Pentax DA, FA, F, A, M, and K series Fujifilm X mount </pre > <pre > Sensors APS-C S35 Full Frame 43 Four Thirds M43 MFT Micro four thirds </pre > === Digital Voice Recorder Dictaphone Dictation Machine Handheld === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2011 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested 2012 no usb }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-8600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-711PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-712PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-731PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested slide out usb-a - aaa battery - ok recordings }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-540PC Olympus VN-541PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips DVT1250 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX470 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX570 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} === USB eBooks Readers drm free EPUB version 2.0.1 (2007), 3.0 (2011), 3.1 (2015) or [https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ 3.3 (2024)] [https://github.com/thansen0/sample-epub-minimal epub examples] formats access === EPUB file format is an open standard based on XHTML for content and XML for metadata, contained in a zip file archive PDF v2.0 in 2017, 2009 takeover by ISO Org, 1.7 in 2006 , 1.6 in 2005, 1.4 in 2001, 1.3 in 1999, 1.0 in 1993 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch NST BNRV300 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->when finding the right micro usb cable that works, internal nook memory not accessible but sd card fat32 readable and writable outside | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 6in 600x800 e-ink 16 grayscale .jpg}} battery remove sd card and Torx T5 back top for Cameron Sino CS-BNR003SL - USA 1.2.2 md5sum 351e26527e80156183e74be2da2ce89f *nook_1_2_update.zip - 1.2.1 UK fdba3981f7f221cc5143db6329645bc2 *nook_1_2_update.zip - skip registration, Turn on the device, but do NOT start setting it up. Hold down the top right button on the front of the device and slide your finger from left to right across the top of the E Ink screen. A ‘Factory’ button should appear in the top left corner of the screen. Press it. Once in the Factory menu, hold down the top right button on the front of the device and tap the bottom right corner of the screen should now see a ‘Skip Oobe’ button. Tap that and the Nook should finally load the home screen. Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch with Glowlight *2012 Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight BNRV350 *2013 Nook GlowLight BNRV500 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 0x0007 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} perform a hard reset: Turn off the nook completely, turn it on, as soon as you see the screen flash begin holding the bottom page turn buttons until the screen flashes with a message asking reset, press the 'n' key twice to start the reset - Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Nook Glowlight 4 Plus 7.8-inch screen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *NOOK 1st Edition (2009-2018) BNRZ100 *NOOK Color (2010-2024) BNRV200 *NOOK Tablet (8GB/16GB) (2011-2024) BNTV250A / BNTV250 *NOOK HD (2012-2024) BNTV400 *NOOK HD+ (2012-2024) BNTV600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 511EB | <!--Vendor ID-->045e:ffff | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 untested Preferences->advanced->debug device detection}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://jaforeck.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/ready-to-meet-viktor-navorski-gained-access-to-elonex-621ebs-terminal-52/ Elonex 621EB] eBook | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1f85 | <!--Product ID-->0x1688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->unlocked ootb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested usb mini charging 6" diagonal eInk Screen - 800 x 600 pixels, 8 Level 166dpi Paperlike screen, Embedded 1GB Flash NAND, full SD Card Slot up to 16GB - WAV, MP3, JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF support and ePub and PDF(with reflow) (TXT, HTML) support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 700eb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 untested adjust screen blanking by menu then settings then device standby, you can then turn it off}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story HD eBook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} freescale imx.508 arm mcimx508cvkbb cpu with 2gb samsung nand, m13892aj charging chip, eb07_main_mp1_110321 mobo, mini usb, atheros ar61026 wifi - |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Rakuten Touch A/B kobo3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Touch C, Kobo Mini, Kobo Glo N613, Kobo Aura HD N514 N204 kobo4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura, Kobo Aura H2O, kobo5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2013 6in untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v1, Kobo Glo HD, Kobo Touch 2.0, Kobo Aura ONE N709, Kobo Aura ONE Limited Edition, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v1 N236, kobo6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v2, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v2, Kobo Nia, Kobo Clara HD, Kobo Forma, Kobo Libra H2O kobo7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Elipsa, Kobo Sage kobo8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *Kobo Libra 2 kobo9, Kobo Clara 2E kobo10, Kobo Elipsa 2E kobo11 *Kobo Libra Colour kobo13, Kobo Clara BW, Kobo Clara Colour kobo12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pandigital Personal eReader aka? Papyre 6.2 very similar to BQ Avant Firmware | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 350 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 epub bbeb cbz untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K1 D00111 - Main Menu=: Settings: Menu=: Device Info shows S/N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->256mb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2007 untested Marvell Xscale PXA255}} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K2, D00511 170-1012-00, D00701 D00801 S11S01B * k2 means K2 US * k2i means K2 GW * dx means KDX US * dxi means KDX GW * dxg means KDX Graphite | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested Freescale i.MX31 }} the Kindle is a small computer running Linux 2.6 on an ARM processor |- | <!--Description-->AMAZON Kindle D00901 3rd Gen with keyboard - Menu, Settings for S/N and then Menu again to choose Update * S/N starts B006 means k3g aka K3 3G US * S/N starts B008 means k3w aka K3 WiFi * S/N starts B00A means k3gb aka K3 3G UK EU - debug mode with ;debugON and ~help | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->{{yes|4Gb internal no access until jailbroken JB}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 with mobi and azw3 formats only - micro usb 5v 0.85a - freescale i.mx35 ARM soc with 12bit parallel interface with epson e-ink cpu, 256MB synchronous dynamic RAM, 4GB eMMC internal memory only but no sd slot, MC13892 PMIC - atheros wifi 54mbit pci-e a e keyed wifi - ?? later models wm96103 audio codec - display has 2Mbit serial memory ic on ribbon cable with 4bpp inverse grayscale display not touchscreen - 3g module - screen replacement really annoying - 4 test points near T07 = TX RX GND ? - as of 2025, JB v0.13.N, MKK2014, MKK2025, KUAL, KoReader Legacy2025, and maybe later SS v0.47.N, Python 0.14.N, Fonts v5.16.N, USBNet v0.57.N - USB-downloader mode when Vol+ is pressed during startup - Shift + Alt + M for Minesweeper - |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle 4th Generation k4 D01100 two buttons, square movement and two buttons at bottom *B00E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb with USB MS, USBMS aka also known as USB MSC or UMS | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} plastic back clipped in but taped down to battery cover, use Torx T5 to remove battery cover screws - battery glued down S2011-001-A 515-1058-01 DR-A015 MC-265360 - Freescale i.MX508 SOC, 2Gb eMMC storage, 256MiB of LPDDR1, MC13892 PMIC - vendor modified u-boot imximage based on u-boot v2009.08 - USB-downloader mode press the fiveway down button during startup resetmykindle - as of 2025 upgrade firmware from 4.1.x and to 4.1.4, sign into account and copy jb.1.8 bits, mkk-2014, mkk-2025, kual and then uninstall kual, koreader2025 - |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5th Gen) D01200 K5, KT *Once signed into an Amazon Account get S/N under Settings -> Device Options *B00F Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (U.S. and Canada) [Mostly] *B011 Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5) *B010 Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (Europe) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} touchscreen i.MX508 SOC, 256MiB of LPDDR1 and USB-downloader mode by the SOC microcode when a specific key is pressed during startup: the home button on model D01200 - update firmware 5.3.2 to 5.3.7.3, access account, |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] PW <pre> B024 Kindle PaperWhite WiFi B01B Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] B020 Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Brazil) B01C Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Canada) B01D Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Europe) B01F Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Japan) </pre> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0007 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Freescale i.MX508 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0008 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 2 (2013) PW2 *B0D4, 90D4 WiFi (U.S., Intl.) *B05A, 905A WiFi (Japan) *B0D5, 90D5 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *B0D6, 90D6 3G + WiFi (Canada] *B0D7, 90D7 3G + WiFi (Europe) *B0D8, 90D8 3G + WiFi (Russia) *B0F2, 90F2 3G + WiFi (Japan) *B017, 9017 WiFi (4GB) (U.S., Intl.) *B060, 9060 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Europe) *B062, 9062 3G + WiFi (4GB) (U.S.) [Mostly] *B05F, 905F 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Canada) *B061, 9061 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Brazil) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb or 4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} PW2 uses Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 3 PW3 i.e. Kindle 7th gen *G090G1 (2015) WiFi *G090G2 (2015) 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *G090G4 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Mexico) *G090G5 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Europe, Australia) *G090G6 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Canada) *G090G7 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KB (2015) WiFi *G090KC (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KE (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090KF (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090LK (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) *G090LL (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) White | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000A | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} ease up glued down front bezel rim panel gently, remove 11 screws underneath and lift screen up from bottom end - battery underneath - |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 4 (2018) PW4 *G000PP, G8S0PP WiFi, 8GB *G000T6, G8S0T6 WiFi, 32GB *G000T1 WiFi+4G, 32GB *G000T2 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Europe) *G00102 WiFi, 8GB (India) *G000T3 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Japan) *G0016T, G8S16T WiFi, 8GB Twilight Blue *G0016Q, G8S16Q WiFi, 32GB Twilight Blue *G0016U WiFi, 8GB Plum *G0016V, G8S16V WiFi, 8GB Sage *G00103 WiFi, 32GB (India) *G0016R WiFi, 32GB Plum *G0016S WiFi, 32GB Sage | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000B | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Oasis 2 and 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested NXP i.MX7D }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested MediaTek MT8110 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle 11 Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested MediaTek MT8113 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite Gen 11 and 12 - Signature | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16Gb or 32Gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 account not blocked, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Modos-Labs Modos Labs] open source e-ink 60Hz 75Hz caster controller and glider monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xteink X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.xteink.com Xteink X4] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 4.3in 220ppi no touchscreen so [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7RuokaVauo buttons navigation] - 650mAh battery - micro-sd slot up to 512Gb covering epub, txt, and jpg in directories with [https://github.com/crosspoint-reader crosspoint reader] esp32 cpu custom rom firmware using [https://xteink.dve.al/ Flash website] on usb-c but no ecosystem store |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amazon D01400 Kindle Fire (1st Generation) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 too old }} android 2.3 and touchscreen digitizer fails often, battery SWE P/N 1002000004742 Model KC1 (EU) QP01 (US) 16.28whr, ti 257epl9l omap 4430 with elpida 88164b3pf-10-f88164b3pf or hynix, mobo ??,, DAOKC1MB8F0 Rev F, ti aic3110 audio codec, |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Fire 7in X43260 X43Z60 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested FireOS Android 4 omap 4460 and PowerVR SGX540}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Fire HD (3rd Gen) P48WVB4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD10 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD7 (2015) (5th Generation) 7 inch 8GB SV98LN *Amazon Fire HD7 (2014) *Amazon Fire HD6 (2014) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested android 5.1 max}} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10 (2017) *Amazon Fire 8 (2017) 7th Gen 8 inch SX034OT *Amazon Fire 7 (2017) (7th Generation) 7 inch 16GB (SR043KL) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 (7th Generation) 7 inch 8GB WIFI Tablet (SR043KL) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2016) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Android 5.1 max 7in screen resolution of 1024 x 600, }} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10/10+ (2021) *Amazon Fire 8/8+ (2020) *Amazon Fire 10 (2019) *Amazon Fire 7 (2019) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 9th Gen 16GB M8S26G *Amazon Fire 8 (2018) 8th Gen 8 inch 32GB L5S83A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 9 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD 10 (2023) *Amazon Fire Max 11 (2023) *Amazon Fire 8 (2022) *Amazon Fire 7 (2022) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 11 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Minimal Phone, Mudita Kompakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| eink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B751C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B7 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android based color eink small - 300dpi b/w 150ppi color -}} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme Hibreak Pro, Hisense A9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink}} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Page Palma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf3C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go Color 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 untested 7in e-ink e-reader android tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx BooxTab Ultra X C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Note Max Air4 C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf5C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Poke6S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox MC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| color e-ink 13.3in }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 (Gen 2) Lumi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 b/w eink with front light, no EMR annd capacitance pen, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable Paper Pro Move | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A5 X2 Manta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A6 X2 Nomad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Vision 2 3 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Epos2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viwoods AI Paper and AI Paper Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==printer.class - PostScript 3 and internal ghostscript drivers== As the only printer driver that AROS supports natively is Postscript, our focus is on applications that generally output postscript formatted data for printing purposes and since the general Joe Public finds postscript capable printer very expensive, postscript interpreters (eg ghostscript) have been developed aas a cheaper option which sit in between postscript data streams and non postscript (HP PCL?) printers. Set up Printer Prefs for Postscript and set the print to file option. Ghostscript has internal printer drivers gs -h and with something like gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -r300 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile gs813:examples/tiger.ps copytopar ram:tempfile It checks if in RAM: exists a outputfile (Cinnamon can export to PS postscript) then it sends this via copytopar to the printer. There was only support for parport (parallel) but Terminillis added support for USB and ethernet. A big issue with using ghostscript for drivers is that data has to originate as postscript (.PS) file. gs -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ljet4 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile RAM:file.pdf the ljet4 output device generates PCL also the pxlmono driver, which generates more generic PXL (PCL 6) gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER testpage-a4.ps > test.pdf gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pxlmono -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER test.pdf > test.pxl Printers supported by ghostscript...Explanation [http://freebooks.by.ru/view/RedHatLinux6Unleashed/rhl6u151.htm here] or [http://www.gnu.org/software/ghostscript/devices.html here] and [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/doc/printer.htm here] <pre> bit cljet5 ljet4d pjxl300 pxlcolor bitcmyk cljet5c ljetplus pkm pxlmono bitrgb deskjet nullpage pkmraw stp bj10e djet500 pbm pksm tiff12nc bj200 epswrite pbmraw pksmraw tiff24nc bjc600 faxg3 pcx16 png16 tiffcrle bjc800 faxg32d pcx24b png16m tiffg3 bmp16 faxg4 pcx256 png256 tiffg32d bmp16m ijs pcxcmyk pnggray tiffg4 bmp256 jpeg pcxgray pngmono tifflzw bmp32b jpeggray pcxmono pnm tiffpack bmpgray laserjet pdfwrite pnmraw uniprint bmpmono lj5gray pgm ppm x11 bmpsep1 lj5mono pgmraw ppmraw x11alpha bmpsep8 ljet2p pgnm psgray x11cmyk cdeskjet ljet3 pgnmraw psmono x11gray2 cdj550 ljet3d pj psrgb x11gray4 cdjcolor ljet4 pjxl pswrite x11mono cdjmono </pre> === Internal Ghostscript support === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | Canon BJ10e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested with Ghostscript drivers }} |- | Canon BJ200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested with Ghostscript drivers }} |- | Epson Stylus Color 600 parport inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - internal ghostscript support}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Deskjet 500 Parallel Port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | HP1220C/PS USB Inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - PS3 emulation only}} |- | HP 1700PS USB Inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - PS3 emulation only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->LJ-III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested HP PostScript Cartridge Plus (C2089A) a.. Press <ON LINE> (and take machine off line) b.. Press <Plus & Minus>, and while holding, press <ALT> and <RESET> together and watch the LCD and let go when the desired mode is displayed.}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 4 4M 4MP (1992) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested PS2 emulation HP 4 with optional ps cartridge - HP 4M and 4M+ built in}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 4L Parport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{no|PCL5 HP 4L only - no postscript}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 5M (1995) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS2 emulation | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested you can try the ljet4 for the various lj5 drivers which produce various flavours of PCL. The 4, 4+ and 5 only really had one issue that plagued them, and it's hardly an issue at all. You would get accordian jams at the exit. A lot of people worked through this by pulling the sheet out before it got caught. Easily fixed by opening back door and scrubbing grime off of rubber rollers. }} |- | HP Laserjet 5L Parport (1997) (C3906A bk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->{{N/A}} | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{no|PCL5 support only.}} |- | HP Laserjet 5P 6P (1995) (C3906A bk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested HP 5p, 6p - Less tiny, slightly less slow. They are pretty bullet proof for low volume best to get postscript module though }} |- | HP Laserjet 2100 2100N 2100TN (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested PS2 emulation }} |- | HP Laserjet 4000 Series Parport (1998) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|PS3 emulation only (4200 and 4600 have issues)}} |- | HP Laserjet 4050 Parport (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|works }} |- | HP Laserjet 5000 Parallel Port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|}} |- | HP LaserJet 6M, 1200, 1300, 2100, 2200, P2050 (and P2055) P3005, M3025, M3027, 3050, 3300, 4000, 4050, 4100, 4200, 4300, M4345, P3005, P3015, P4010, P4410, M5025, M5035, 5100, 5200, 8000, 8100, or 9000 series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation optional only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Color LaserJet 2550, 3700, 4650, 8500 and 8550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark Optra C, T, and W series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Xerox Phaser 850, 860 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Monochrome === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-1270N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRScript | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-3070CW Printer USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|BR-Script3 (PS3) untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL5240 HL5240L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRScript (PostScript Level 2) | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-7050N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother MFC-7860DW Monochrome B/W BW | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR-Script BRScript (PostScript Level 3) | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL4570CDWT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epson EPL-6200 Laser Printer USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|cheap to buy but untested - running cost unknown}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera FS-1370DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | HP LaserJet CP1515n USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|cheap to buy but untested - running cost unknown}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark Optra E312 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->built in? | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Color === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother hl-3075cw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR-Script 3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother MFC-9120CN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRS3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Color LaserJet 2500L (2003) USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | HP Color LaserJet 2550L 2550Ln (2004) USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | HP Color LaserJet CP1218, 2605, 3700, 4500, 4600, or 4650 series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Konica Minolta Magicolour 4650EN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Kyocera FS-1010 FS-1010N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Kyocera FS-C5200DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera Mita FS-1030D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera FS-C5150DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Lexmark C540n | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark [http://www1.lexmark.com/products/view/Printers/Lexmark%20C780n/catId=cat10006-category&prodId=3907-product C780n] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->{{yes|works PS3 emulation only}} | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | OKI C3600 Color Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung CLP-315 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->untested | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Xerox 618x Color Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} See [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_drive7.htm here] for compatibility with TP7 (TurboPrint 7) Last update 2004. Not tested under emulation. Janus-UAE, Emumiga, OS3.x support via [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter] and [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/printer OS4 drivers] and [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33955&forum=27#622365 experiences]. usbparallel.device untested with USB->Centronics - The printer.class is rather 'clever'. It remembers to which unit the printers were connected (until you reboot). So if you first plug in Printer1, it gets unit 0, and Printer2 gets unit 1. If you now remove both printers and replug Printer2, it still will get unit 1 and not 0. This is used not to confuse the programs using the different units (moreover, if some program uses the usbparallel.device unit of an USB printer, and the printer is unplugged, the device unit cannot be freed immediately as the application still keeps it open). Sticking to the same units is generally a good idea I think (and therefore this mechanism is also used with all other classes creating exec.devices). You may not send a short packet (packet less than maxpktsize == 64) nor zero byte packets until the very last byte of your printout. Otherwise the printer will silently ignore the data you sent. Some printer drivers print very short sequences that never fill the endpoint buffer, so printer ignore them. Bufferize all printer driver writes in the ieee1284.device and send them by epsize packets. So my hppsc2210 works fine with a classic HP560C driver, on a classic A2000 subwayized :) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Beige cream D shape centronics end (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002v1 centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002VEA v2 centronics end (Prolific PL2305L chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | DYNAMODE USB-C-PP-1284 USB to 36pin (Prolific 2305 chipset) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested but similar to BAFO below}} |- | IOGear GUC1284B | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | My-Link (raised ellipse on centronics plastic end) (unknown chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested but more expensive }} |- | NEWLink (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Targus PA096E centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | TRENDnet ware TU-P1284 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | True PnP (Prolific chipset 2305) cheap 36pin Centronics (series of ridges along both short sides) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 2.00 | {{N/A|untested on BAFO BF-1284 but reports of poor quality and lack of support on other OSs }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Transparent See Through Blue | | | | {{N/A|untested but possible poor quality build }} |- | Dynamode USB-PARALLEL 25pin female (prolific) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FDL USB to 25pin | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | PlusKom USB to 25pin female connector for printer (IEEE 1284) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | QinHeng Electronics (CH340S chipset) | 0x1a86 | 0x7584 | | {{N/A|untested curvy sides - flat top }} |- | StarTech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syba SD-USB-DB25 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==rawwrap.class - some old flatbed scanners supported== Scandal is the MUI frontend to [http://www.ppa.pl/bugtracker/ Betascan Bugtracker] and [http://aminet.net/search?query=betascan Search for Betascan scanner drivers] derived from [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html sane backends] [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-EPSON2 Epson2] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Expression 1600 1640XL 1680 10000XL | 0x04b8 | 0x0107 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Prefection 1200U, 1200 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0104 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 1240U | 0x04b8 | 0x010b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{[https://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=45760&forum=25 works]|Needs 24V 0.8A psu but in Trident, click on "Classes", then on "rawwrap.class", then on "Configure". There, under "Global", activate the Option "Bind to Vendor/Unknown Interfaces". Now go to the second tab "Default Interface" and select/enter these values: Default usbraw.device Unit: 0 Exclusive access: Yes Out NAK Timeout: 20000ms In NAK Timeout: 20000ms In Buffer Mode: No buffering Buffer Size: 36 KB Short Reads Terminate: Yes Now click on "Use as Default" and select "Devices" on the left. There, click on your scanner and click on "Class Scan". Now close Trident by clicking on "Save". }} |- | Perfection 1640SU Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x010a | 0x0104 | {{yes|works, even the transparency unit}} |- | Perfection 1650 Photo, 1660 Photo, 3200 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 2400 Photo, 2450 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 4870 Photo, 4990 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0128 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection V700 V750 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x012c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus CX2800 2900 3200 3500 3600 3650 3700 3800 3900 Stylus CX4100 4200 3500 4600 4700 4800 4900 500 5100 5200 5300 5400 5900 | 0x04b8 | 0x0802 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus Office BX300F USB | 0x04b8 | 0x0848 | | {{yes| works with good scan quality}} |- |} [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx] scanners based on the Grandtech GT-6801 and GT-6816 "System-On-Chip" scanner chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Artec Ultima 2000 and e+, Trust Flat Scan USB 19200 (ePlus2k.usb / Gt680xfw.usb) | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Genius Colorpage Vivid3x 4x 1200x | 0x0458 | 0x2011 to 0x201f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark X70 also X73 [http://subfusion.net/drivers/oslo3071b2.usb OSLO3071b2.usb] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x043d | <!--Product ID-->0x002d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Medion/Lifetec/Tevion/Cytron MD/LT 9375 and Artec Ultima 2000, MD LT 9385 Gt680xfw.usb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05d8 | <!--Product ID-->0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | BearPaw 2448 CS and TA Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A2Nfw.usb A2Nfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 CS | 0x055f | 0x021e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A1fw.usb A1fw.usb])}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek 1200 CU Plus Scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend PS1Dfw.usb / SBSfw.usb] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2000 }} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1200 UB plus, Trust Compact Scan USB 19200, ScanMagic 1200 UB Plus | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/sbfw.usb sbfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1248 UB aka PC-World PC Line PCL-3000 | 0x055f | 0x021f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/SBSfw.usb SBSfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 2400CS TA aka Goodmans GSC 12/24 | 0x055f | 0x0218 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter untested) }} |- | BearPaw 2400 CS aka TA Plus | 0x055f | 0x0219 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter) }} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 1200 Plus | 0x055f | 0x021c or 0x021b | 0x0 | {{yes|works - [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ firmware required] but slow usb 1.1 speed with poor quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 2400 Plus aka BearPaw 2400 CU Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ PS2Dfw2.usb firmware rename to PS2Dfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021d | 1.00 | {{yes|works slow usb 1.1 speed with ok quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Plustek OpticPro 1248U | 0x07B3 | 0x0400 0x0401 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | Plustek OpticSlim 2400 | 0x07b3 | 0x0422 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (cis3R5B1.fw)}} |- | Visioneer OneTouch 7300 | 0x04a7 | 0x0444 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Cis3r5b1.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek ScanEpress 1200 UB (Plus) clone [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/ use mustek_usb backend] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x055f | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Lexmark - needs testing {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Lexmark X1110 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1140 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1150 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1170 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1180 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1185 | 0x043d | 0x007c | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Lexmark X12xx | | | | {{N/A|untested in USB1.1, not fully tested in USB2.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dell A920 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} HP - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | HP ScanJet 4100C | 0x03f0 | 0x0101 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 5200C | 0x03f0 | 0x0401 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 62X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0201 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 63X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0601 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0102, 0x0105, 0x0205, 0x0305, 0x0405 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0705, 0x0805, 0x0901, 0x0a01 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x1205, 0x1305, 0x2005, 0x2205 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Plustek [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-PLUSTEK LM983x] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Plustek OticPro U12 UT12 UT16 U24 UT24 | 0x07B3 | 0x0010 to 0x0017 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | KYE/Genius Colorpage HR6-V2 HR6A HR7 HR7LE HR6X | 0x0458 | 0x2008 to 0x2016 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 2100C and 2200C | 0x03F0 | 0x0505 and 0x0605 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 and 2400 | 0x0400 | 0x1000 and 0x1001 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | UMAX 3400/3450 and 5400 | 0x1606 | 0x0050, 0x0060 and 0x0160 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1250 and 1260 | 0x04B8 | 0x010f and 0x011d | | {{no|no driver}} |- | CANON CanoScan N650/656U N1220U D660U N670/676U N1240U LIDE20 LIDE25 LIDE30 | 0x04A9 | 0x2206 to 0x2220 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} [http://snapscan.sourceforge.net/ SnapScan] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Acer Benq 310U, 320U, 340U | 0x4a5 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 620U, 620UT, 640U, 640UT | 0x4a5 | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 1240 3300 4300 | 0x4a5 | 0x020 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Agfa SnapScan e10 e20 e25 e26 e40 e42 e50 e52 | 0x06bd | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 660 | 0x04b8 | 0x0114 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1270 1670 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 2480 2580 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 3490 3590 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mitsubishi | 0x0 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==hub.class (self-powered and external ac powered hubs)== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dynamode USB-H41 4 ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Belkin 4 Port | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | Conrad | | | | {{yes|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum] }} |- | DLink DUB-H4 AC Adapter | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | High 0200 | {{maybe|WARNING Genesys Logic Hub Broken - Will cause failures with USB}} |- | [http://service.targa.co.uk/faq.php?lang_id=2&baseid=178&artdesc=SilverCrest+USB+Hub+2040&artid=760&artpic=silvercrestHUB2040.jpg SilverCrest 4-port slim USB 2.0 HUB - HUB2040 (40775) - Targa GmbH] | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | 0901 | {{yes|works Genesys Logic, Inc., [http://service.targa.co.uk/dokumente/USB_HUB_2040_0109_manual_EN.pdf Manual]}} |- | Skymaster | 0x05e3 | 0x0605 | 060B | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | No Name active 4-port | 0x1a40 | 0x0101 | 0111 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thinkpad USB 3.0 Dock DU9019D1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17e9 | <!--Product ID-->0x4302 | <!--Revision-->0014 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works a bit}} classed as dfu.class with two further USB 2.0 hubs - USB 3.0 ports detected and work (2.0 backwards compatibility) - DisplayLink DL-3900 with VIA VL811 chipset - usb ethernet not working - two dvi not working - 20V psu 2a (40w) with a 5.5 - 2.5mm tip (no bus power) - data through a-b printer/scanner usb lead - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==Internet== ===rndis.class USB Tethering === The rndis class provides support for Ethernet access over Remote NDIS. Most USB based devices should be supported including smartfones. Before opening Network Prefs, activate USB Tethering on the Smartfon, on Network prefs, type in usbrndis.device and tick "Start Network during system boot" and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed. When restart AROS my Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again, have to reactivate it before starting the browser. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alcatel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | Huawei U8800 | 0x12d1 | 0x1039 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Huawei | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | HTC (Android phone) | 0x0bb4 | 0x0ffe | | {{Yes|any android phone with usb tethering option}} |- | <!--Description-->Nokia | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Oppo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- |- | <!--Description-->iPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft winPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ===USB &rarr; ethernet lan adaptor=== *2002 playstation 2 usb1.1 era - a little support but very old and slow *2006 wii asix era - a little support but very much miss than hit *2026 usb0: or eth0: of CDC Ethernet protocol (cdcether) with Ethernet Control Model (ECM) and [https://www.usb.org/document-library/class-definitions-communication-devices-12 others like Wireless Mobile Communication Devices WMC] and later CDC EEM (Ethernet Emulation Model) and NCM (Network Control Model) are USB Communication Device Class (CDC) protocols packing more Ethernet traffic over every USB bundle. For CDC Ethernet - NCM is better than EEM is better than ECM * USB1.1 Up to 010 meg broadband (1.25MBytes/s) - ADM8511, DM9601 poor speeds * USB2.0 Up to 400 meg broadband (60MBytes/s) - MCS7830, AX88772 a little especially the 2010 apple version but buy many as very very poor odds of working one * USB3.0 Over 400 meg broadband (60+MBytes/s) - not supported at the moment SANA (Standard Amiga Network Architecture) to usb ADMtek Infineon ADM8511 Pegasus II (USB 1.1 and 10Mbit/s - Sony PlayStation 2 network adapter) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Com 3c460b | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Abocom UFE1000 / Abocom DSB650TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Accton USB320-EC / Accton SpeedStream Ethernet | 0x083a | 0x0320 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|2002 }} |- | AEI USB Fast Ethernet / Allied Telesyn AT-USB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2002 }} |- | ATEN UC-110T | 0x0557 | 0x4000 | | {{unk|2001 }} |- | BAFO USB To Ethernet Adapter BF-310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v1 1101 | 0x050D | | <!--Revision--> | {{maybe|2002 sometimes works from old amiga.org post which is now removed}} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v2 2101 | 0x050D | 0x0121 | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2006 does not works}} |- | Belkin F5U122-PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USB-100 / Billionton USBLP-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USBEL-100 / Billionton USBE-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Compex LinkPort/UE202A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-H3ETX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-650 / D-Link DSB-650TX / D-Link DSB-650TX-PNA | 0x2001 | 0x4000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DU-E10 / D-Link DU-E100 | 0x2001 | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Edimax USB Ethernet Adapter EU-4201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Elsa AG MicroLink USB2 Lan Ethernet adapter | 0x05cc | 0x3000 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GetNet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GIGABYTE GN-BR402W Wireless Router | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway Fellowes USB UE-120 REV:V1 UE120 ADMTek 1011594 HO2419741 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07a6 | <!--Product ID-->0x0986 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2001 USB Specification 1.1 compliant}} |- | GWC Tech USB Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hawking UF100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | HP HN210E / I/O DATA USB ETTX / Kingston KNU101TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Jinco USB Ethernet Adapter 10/100 Base-T UE-110 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Kouwell USB to Ethernet 588A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Linksys USB10T / TA / TX | 0x066b | 0x2202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested - possible peg1/peg2}} |- | Linksys (Cisco) USB100TX / H1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitec LAN-TX/U1 H2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.mayflash.com/psps2/ps2024/ps2024.htm Mayflash PS2024] Playstation2 compatible clone of Proxim/Farallon NetLine? | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with DHCP router option on old 32bit distros but not on newer 64bit, best to go asixeth apple 2010 but buy many of them as poor success rate i.e. a lottery}} |- | Netgear FA101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Philips CPWUE01/00 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Planet UE-9500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | PlayStation 2 SCPH-10000 50000 models | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Proxim (formerly Farallon) NetLine USB PN796-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Siemens SpeedStream USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SOHOware NUB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SMC EZNET-USB 2202USB/ETH / SMC 2206USB/ETH | 0x0707 | 0x0100 0x0200 0x0201 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|untested but should work very well }} |- | Surecom EP-1427X 100/10M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Target USB to 10/100M Fast Ethernet Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-ET100C | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | {{yes| sometimes works well, very stable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Digitus USB NIC DN-3016-A | 0x07a6 | 0x8513 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested new chipset }} |- | Digitus lanusb ADM8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested because new chipset }} |- | VE285 usblan ADMtek 8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{no|not working as new chipset }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Davicom DM9601 eth (USB 1.1 and up to 10Mbit/s) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Davicom USB-100 see clone below | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | [http://wiki.maemo.org/USB_to_ethernet_networking chinese translucent transparent crystal blue] but variants are also found in clear, white and black. Just over 6&nbsp;cm long. | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | 0x0 | {{yes|2002 success can be sporadic so technically okay, but lacking in reliability. Out of 4 tested by me, only 2 worked. One case cracked open. }} |- | Corega FEther USB-TXC | 0x07aa | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dynamode USB-NIC-1427-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hirose USB-100 | 0x0a47 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | KY-RS9600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585358&postcount=12 works] }} |- | ShanTou ST268 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x0268 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | ZT6688 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x6688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->USB 2.0 10/100M Ethenet Adaptor JP1081B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FE6 | <!--Product ID-->0x9700 | <!--Revision-->0101 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|only USB 1.1 10M ethernet support but will plug into an usb 2.0 port}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} MosChip MCS7830 (USB 2) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Digitus DN-10050 | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | Edimax [http://www.edimax.co.uk/images/Image/datasheet/USB/EU-4206/EU-4206.pdf EU-4206] | | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 }} |- | Speed Dragon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | STLabs | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | StarTech Compact USB2105S [http://www.kustompcs.co.uk/acatalog/info_6790.html USB2106S] | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | Sunrich Technologies [http://www.st-lab.com/admin/upfile/UploadFile/manual/manual(u-250).zip U-250] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | Syba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MCS 7832 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * USB2 [https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet Asix Ethernet] AX88178A, AX88772C, AX88772B, AX88772A (wii), AX88172A * USB3 AX88179A, AX88179 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AirLink101 AGIGAUSB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 AX88172}} |- | ATEN UC210T | 0x0557 | 0x2009 | 0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88172}} |- | <!--Description-->Billionton Systems USB2AR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08dd | <!--Product ID-->0x90ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo LUA-U2-KTX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0411 | <!--Product ID-->0x003d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->corega FEther USB2-TX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07aa | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | D-Link DUB-E100 up to rev A4 | 0x2001 | 0x1a00 | | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->D-Link DUB-E100 rev B1 onwards | 0x07d1 or 0x2001 | 0x3c05 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|AX88172 works on Deneb with [http://amigax.com/2010/02/21/usb-ethernet-speed-test-amigaos-4-0-classic/ Amiga OS4 Classic] and [http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 on a1k] }} |- | <!--Description-->goodway corp USB gwusb2e | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1631 | <!--Product ID-->0x6200 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hawking UF200 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[Linksys USB200M] | 0x077b | 0x2226 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585601&postcount=20 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->Netgear FA120 | 0x0846 | 0x1040 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2002 10/100 Rev.B1" is silkscreened on the board of the device populating this entry (S/N: FA12254CB100409, date code 0508). This device may be manuf. by [http://www.cameo.com.tw/ Cameo] "AX88172 L", "F05040157", and "ED3" Chip1 ASIX AX88172 Chip2 Realtek RTL8201BL}} |- | <!--Description-->Intellinet | 0x0b95 | 0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->JVC MP-PRX1 Port Replicator | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04f1 | <!--Product ID-->0x3008 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ST Lab USB Ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sitecom LN-029 "USB 2.0 10/100 Ethernet adapter" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x6189 | <!--Product ID-->0x182d | <!--Revision-->0 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Surecom EP-1427X-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1189 | <!--Product ID-->0x0893 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v2 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|version 2}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->A-LINK NA1GU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 88772}} |- | <!--Description-->AirLink101 ASOHOUSB Wii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AirLive EtherWe-1000U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE AX88772 Model No. A1277 MC704LL/A P/N 825-7098-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 usb2, }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE Model No. A1277 (MB442Z/A 0885909217434) MC704ZM/A PN 825-7579-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|2010 model, usb2 and controller AX88772 where prehaps 1in3 units working with owb - really poor odds i.e. a lottery, could be situation where various ethernet phy chipsets are used - press Use in network prefs after Save initial setup typing in usbasixeth.device, }} |- | <!--Description-->ASIX AX88772 bulbous casing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 works on 32bit and 64bit though setup can take a few attempts but may have issues with phy ethernet chip changing, }} |- | <!--Description-->Datel Wii Lan Adapter DUS0204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4207 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway HE2230 Maplin ASIX 88772 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Intec LAN G5626 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0202 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0301 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB200M Rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13b1 | <!--Product ID-->0x0018 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 sparsely randomly working AX88772 or with "Sana-II Meter Tool 37.11" network monitoring program, showing continuous "Bad Packet" errors which could means "CRC" errors}} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB300M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2009 AX88772 }} |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash W001 or clones Lupo/PEGA S-Wii-0680 light gray rectangular with third of one top 45 degree angled slope | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| may have randomly changed phy ethernet chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Max Value MVF00446 ASIN B006EG568A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises as AX88772 sometimes works on 32bit and 64bit}} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink N14050 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink Wii-ETH USB2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nintendo Wii LAN Adaptor 2110566 and clones | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Poseidon recognises as AX88772 with usbasixeth.device sometimes works seems different ethernet phy chips can be matched affecting compatibility}} |- | <!--Description-->Nyko Wii Net Connect 87024 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585624&postcount=22 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->0Q0 cable ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1557 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E100 (2009/2010) Bulbous housing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises it as ax88772A and typing in usbasixeth.device sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SpeedLink SL-3401-SGY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen 20254 USB2 to 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88772}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Afunta Apple-style White USB2.0 I/O Crest SY-ADA24005 USB 2.0 Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{no|usbasixeth.device accepted by network prefs but does not work}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Basics USB 2.0 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Digitus DN-10050-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Edimax EU-4230 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX NT-USB20 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88772B USB 2.0 to 10/100M | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4208 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772b | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Detected but not working}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB2100 ASIX AX88772C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772D AX88772D] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772E AX88772E] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AX88178 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E1000 i.e. USB 2.0 to Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 LAN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 ASIX AX88178 Controller and Realtek RTL8211CL PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->AX88178A USB 2.0 to 10/100/1000M Gigabit Ethernet controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AmazonBasics USB3.0 adapter [https://github.com/nothingstopsme/AX88179_178A_Linux_Driver AX88179] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cable Matters SuperSpeed USB 3.0 RJ45 adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hori Nintendo Switch 1 USB3 ethernet AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2020 ASIX AX88179 not binding to class, USB 3.2 Gen1 to Gigabit Ethernet controller with integrated 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable AX88179 = [https://plugable.com/products/usb3-e1000-deal USB3-E1000] before mid-2023 or USB3-E1000; AX88179A = USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 controller is AX88179 phy is ??, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTW ax88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000NDS AX88179 USB-A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC301AU AX88179 USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC30B2 AX88179A USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB32000SPT AX88179A USB-c Rev 1 (AX88179) Rev 2 (AX88179A) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->USB32000SPT the Lot code sticker will have a bar code accompanied by a 10 digit number. The 5th and 6th digits of this lot code number would signify the revision. (Ex. xxxx02xxxx which would indicate rev. 2) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SYBA SY-ADA24029 Gigabit AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} may depend on the PHY chip connected to the controller chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TP-Link UE306 AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® Orico UL677G 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® UL688G USB 3.0 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->AX88179 178A |- | <!--Description-->Tecknet UL699G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07b8 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|no support }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen 50922 USB3-A to 100/1000 dark grey rounded barrels | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| ax88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen USB3-C to 100/1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen CR111 20256 usb3 a black plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 i.e. AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179A USB-A, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==USB &rarr; SerialPort Converter== *2002 some support for early revisions of PL2303 *2005 Prolific PL2303H PL-2303X and Pl-2303HX (same usb ids as pl2303) no support *2025 FTDI 232R [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1135&highlight=232r&rowstart=20 work in progress] *2026 CDC-ACM i.e. Serial port over USB standard serialpl2303.class make sure you specify serialpl2303.device {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | ATEN UC-232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0300 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOGear GUC232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0110 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Alcatel | 0x11f7 | 0x02df | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BAFO BF-810 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U103 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Davibe SP611 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dcu10 | 0x0731 | 0x0528 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Elcom | 0x056e | 0x5003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOData | 0x04bb | 0x0a03 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Itegno | 0x0eba | 0x1080 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia CA42 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Radioshack | 0x1453 | 0x4026 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ratoc | 0x0584 | 0xb000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | 0x04e8 | 0x8001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Siemens DCA-510 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN104 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN116 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Some Cut Ma620 | 0x0df7 | 0x0620 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Speed Dragon Multimedia MS3303H | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syntech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Tripp | 0x2478 | 0x2008 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Airlink101 AC-USBS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Belkin F5U103v | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dynamode U232-P9 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 300 | {{no| no driver [http://koti.mbnet.fi/lonnberg/pl2303x.html linux patch] and using lsusb -v -d 067b:2303 gave bMaxPacketSize as 64 - pl2303x }} |- | Konig CABLE-146/2 USB to RS232 | 0x067b | 0x2303 | 400 | {{no|no driver }} |- | MANHATTAN 205146 USB to Serial Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | Sabrent SBT-USC1M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-59 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded black case and lead USB 232 Converter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x067B | <!--Product ID-->0x2303 | <!--Revision-->0300 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- |} [http://www.ftdichip.com/index.html Future Technology Devices International Ltd FTDI]-FT232R.class [https://ftdichip.com/software-examples/code-examples/c-builder/ FTProg src], [http://rtr.ca/ft232r/ ft232r src], [https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DS_FT232R.pdf FT232R datasheet], [], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID-->0x6001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GE-gKgHxZI beware of cheap clones fake with s/n A50285BI SN] |- | <!--Description-->Lynx Astro FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232R |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent CB-FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver TTL-232R cables use FTDI's [http://n1mm.hamdocs.com/tiki-index.php?page=USB+Interface+Devices FT232RQ ic device] }} |- | <!--Description-->Startech.com 1 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 DB9M Adapter Cable with COM Retention ICUSB2321F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL Chipset |- | <!--Description-->StarTech.com 2 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 Adapter Cable ICUSB2322F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FTDI FT2232D Chipset |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL is the SSOP-28 and the FT232RQ is the QFN-32 package option |} [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html ch341a.class] *I2C EEPROMS (3.3V and 5V) compatible and also SPI FLASH memories (3.3V devices) making sure 1.8V is covered *each having their own [https://winraid.level1techs.com/t/guide-how-to-use-a-ch341a-spi-programmer-flasher-with-pictures/33041 4x2 connection blocks] using [https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom flashrom] sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r backup.bin sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w <new bios name> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Jiangsu QinHeng Ltd CH341A emulate UART communication, standard parallel port, memory parallel port and synchronous serial (I2C, SPI) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x5512 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->QinHeng USB2.0-Serial HL-340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x7523 | <!--Revision-->0252 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |} ==simplemidi.class and CAMD== Currently support includes * simplemidi.class SimpleMidi maps some keyboard keys to corresponding computer keys as used by music trackers to emulate a musical keyboard * camdusbmidi.class follows the rules of the m68k implementation of Commodore's CAMD midi specification and usb class compliant for * usb host like a computer * usb device controllers - keyboards, drum machines, djay turntables, grooveboxes, etc * interfaces - cables or boxes which convert usb to 5pin DIN plug midi What is needed is a fully class-compliant '''brand name''' USB MIDI keyboard, especially manufactured in the last 10 years are best *Arturia *Novation *M-Audio *Akai Plugging this in one of your USB ports, the camd.library will make the keyboard's MIDI IN/OUT ports available in the system. Then select the keyboard's MIDI IN port (known as a "cluster" in CAMD) for input, and the software instrument's cluster as output ShowCluster (shows midi ports available in and out) MidiWatch (usually port usbmidi.in.0 less often usbmidi.out.0) (Ctrl-C to end output stream) usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOn 90 39 08 00 usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOff 80 39 00 00 MidiThru (forwards messages from one port to another) run >nil: c:midithru usbmidi.out.0 usbmidi.out.2 MidiSendC (sends a middle C to a specific port) Midi Controller + Sound Module (together aka as a synth) -> Audio Output The difference between midi and midi over USB is that in old school Midi the transmitter transmits whenever it wants and the receiver always has to be prepared to receive data. Easy to do at the rate of a 1990's modem speed these days. USB over midi.. turns midi into a polled protocol.. So the USB host (typically the computer) has to ask "do you have anything for me" before the remote will send. If the USB host gets busy doing other things or there is a lot of things on the USB bus to get polled, you can get delays. For its age midi is still a great protocol for music * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/midi10.pdf USBIF's "USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices" document, version 1.0 from Nov 1, 1999] * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB%20MIDI%20v2_0.pdf MIDI v2.0 from 2020 which AROS still needs, adds support for MIDI 2.0, MIDI-CI, and Universal MIDI Packet] Nearly all synthesizers now use the 16 MIDI channels available on a MIDI bus in one instrument alone, requiring multiple MIDI busses in a typical setup with more than one MIDI instrument. In addition, by handling multiple "virtual" cables, USB offers a solution to go beyond MIDI's 16-channel limit. MIDI data is transferred over USB using 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packets. These packets provide an efficient method to transfer multiple MIDI streams with fixed length messages. The 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packet allows multiple "virtual MIDI cables" routed over the same USB endpoint. This approach minimizes the number of required endpoints. It also makes parsing MIDI events easier by packetizing the separate bytes of a MIDI event into one parsed USB-MIDI event. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Computer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|which acts as USB midi host to get all usb devices talking together}} |- | <!--Description-->Hobbytronics usb host standalone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->bomebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->raspberry pi with several midi interface(s) and linux scripting | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Kenton MIDI USB Host mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acorn Instruments Masterkey 49 device | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested usb powered 5V regulated - similar keybed to keystation 49es but unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Akai SynthStation 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - sticky rubber keys - usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09e8 | <!--Product ID-->0x007c | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and camd usb to use, not tested with apps}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 25 mini key self powered by mini USB lead - sustain port - no top left corner joystick - tested icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->Akai LPK25 LPK37 LPK49 Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested velocity sensitive mini keys with synth action - weak mini USB port - latency issues - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional APC Key 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested 49 key 49-key full-sized, semi-weighted keyboard with aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Max25 MAX49 control keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPK249 MPK261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB2 USB-b - full keys semi-weighted aftertouch - midi in out - sustain and peddle port |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional Advance 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini MKII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - 4 way thumb joystick top left - 25 tiny keys - velocity drum pads - plastic build quality - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Professional APC Key 25 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Play | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - synth basic samples - class compliant? - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys - press and hold the "Prog Select" button then use the "Program" knob to assign a MIDI channel - |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini 3 MKIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09E8 | <!--Product ID-->0x1049 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 USB2 USB-b midi controller connection no 5pin legacy - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys goofy uneven feel of the akai keyboards - press and hold the "Prog Select" button and press pad 1 to 8 to assign a MIDI channel - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai Force / MPC One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro MPK Mini Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested 37 mini keys - class compliant device - usb-b bus powered only with 5pin midi in and out - Shift and Global for Midi Ch - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro Ableton Push Mk 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPC Key 37 49 61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested USB2 usb-b |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Photon PH-25 X25 Midi & USB keyboard/synth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Q88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 untested |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Coda Pro Portable 88-Key Digital Piano USB MIDI Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VI49 VI61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VX49 VX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 1 5-pin MIDI input, 1 5-pin MIDI output, 1 USB port, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Mk2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Recital 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Qmini portable 32-key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested synth - |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 synth - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Analog Experience “The Player” USB MIDI Master Keyboard Model APE25 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb-b bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab MkII Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep 32 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 32 mini keys usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed - reset Press and hold Oct + and Oct – buttons then insert the USB cable - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab mkII | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID-->0x2209 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 USB2 usb-b bus power - metal base heavier than most - Shift and press a key to select the MIDI Channel - To reset to original factory, unplug the USB cable, hold down the Oct- and Oct + buttons, plug the USB cable back in and continue to hold the buttons until the pads turn white - need software to change parameters like velocity sensitive assistance - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK2 MKII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MicroFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 hybrid digital/analog synthesis, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeYIAfn3UMs Arturia Minilab 3] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 untested usb-c bus powered - 25 mini keys semi - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab 3 Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab Essential 49 61 88 mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested usb-c and 1 midi out - lack of aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AstroLab | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK3 MKIII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control UMX490 UMX610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Swing 32-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MOTOR 49 - 49-Key USB/MIDI Master Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU Xboard 25 E-MU X-Board 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key Mkey 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 stops sending MIDI on a regular basis. The simplest "fix" is to flip it off and on via the power switch at the back |- | <!--Description-->CME Ukey U-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 |- | <!--Description-->CME Xkey | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 low-profile aluminium full size pressure sensitive with polyphonic aftertouch but keys make too much noise and that they can be too sensitive to velocity - low power draw 25ma |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key 49 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 simplified version of the U-key Mobiltone |- | <!--Description-->CME XKEY AIR 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->cme xkey 37 le | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner Spaceline DMK-25 Donnerdeal Rantion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner DMK25 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 25 mini velocity keys with limited aftertouch - usb-c powered - 8 drum pads - 3.5mm "midi out" socket - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 expensive later midi usb class compliant with since 1.5 Update |- | <!--Description-->Elecktron Digitone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitone Keys 37-key Digital FM Synthesizer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 expensive |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Analog Four MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Octatrak MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 25xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID-->0x2702 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and usb driver working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 bus powered or 12v 0.5a dc in - metal base so heavy - midi out 5pin - sustain pedal port - modulation slider - rubber coated knobs becomes sticky - |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49xt 61xt 88xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 12v 0.5a center pin +ve external psu required - USB i/o and 1 legacy 5pin out - full sized keys - heavy aluminium case keyboard metal base - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-125 MK-149 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-225C MK-249C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution USB/Midi Controller MK-425C MK-449C MK-461C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|25, 49, 61 keys - }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 9V or 12V - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 37 full keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro Mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 25 or 37 mini keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 mini velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 full velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kawai VPC 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> weighted keys - heavy build - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen Instruments K-Board | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? each keypad makes them velocity, pressure, and location sensitive but not really suited for piano playing |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen BopPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg NanoKontrol 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->mini usb |- | <!--Description-->Korg Prophecy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KORG microKONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 velocity-sensitive Natural Touch keys but joystick is an alternative to the common pitch/modulation wheel design - power draw - |- | <!--Description-->Korg nanoKey nanoPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 |- | <!--Description-->Korg Taktile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY2 25 37 49 61 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|2015 untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB powered - semi weighted - |- | <!--Description-->Korg MiniList | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg MinKey nanoPad nanoPad 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Nautilus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 7 series - Artis 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->fatar TP-8 semi-weighted action |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 A8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Mobile keys 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Tone Port KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Midiman (later M-Audio) Oxygen8 Ozone Ozonic 25 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|not class compliant - untested 5pin legacy }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2004 untested - 25 full keys - slider/fader to left of lcd display - |- | <!--Description-->m-audio oxygen keystation (61 key) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio eKeys 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered and 12v psu - if sliders/faders are on right - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 8v2, 49, 61 (silver) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37e 49e, 61e MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - ok key action - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37es 49se 61es, 88es MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25/49/61/88 (blue) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 [https://m-audio.com/products/view/oxygen-25-legacy advised Class-compliant and GM/GM2/XG SysEx messages] with full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 (2nd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 semi-weighted mini keys - bus powered and 9v psu for 25/49 and 12v for 61 - if sliders/faders are on left - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom Pro 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 poor construction |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Axiom AIR 25 M-Audio Axiom Air Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 III (3rd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested - usb only - rubber keys sticky - |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Keyrig 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - mini usb - plays a few notes and then stops responding randomly - try plugging it into port 1 or 2 on your pc - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 49 MK2 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 USB port and class compliant |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MKIII MIDI keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 usb compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 IV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 choice |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio CTRL-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio ProKeys 88, 88sx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 mini usb - some power or incompatibility issue with the native USB ports of the laptop, plugged in a passive USB 2.0 HUB (not USB 3.0, not powered) |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3328SvuJsLw M-Audio Oxygen25 MKV] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0763 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0023 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - midi in out untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 25 full size semi keys - USB2 usb-b but no 5pin classic plugs - channel select SHIFT button and CHANNEL on keybed - plastic build - holding down both the Octave + and - for factory reset - more limited in what you can do with it than IV 4th one - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 untested semi full keys |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 32 smaller keys - not endless encoders - usb only - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Hammer 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog Minitaur | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-VAVE SMK-25mini 25key MIDI Control Keyboard Y6I0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Primus A25 JamMate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol S88 S61 S49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - weighted keys - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe? |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 all MK2 MK3 power up the keyboard using USB, it will set the keyboards MIDI port to computer MIDI only without any option to set it to use the MIDI DIN, meaning you cannot connect the keyboard to hardware and power from USB, you MUST power with the power adapter and physically unplug from any USB connection - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol A25 A49 A61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/sikorak666/maschine-mikro-mk3-driver Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro Plus MK3 MKIII] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 untested 32 smaller keys - no drum pads - USB only - |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description-->NI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik iBoard 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact LX25+ LX49+ LX61+ LX88+ SE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 budget full-size velocity-sensitive synth-action keyboard - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact GX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB port - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P4 P6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB & USB Micro B, 5-pin MIDI out, 2 x TRS inputs with 49 semi-weighted, velocity sensitive with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Nektar SE25 SE49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> mini keys - micro usb bus powered - velocity and sustain button |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P6 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama T6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nord Stage 3 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> sysex |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 lhs XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not USB class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25SL 49SL 61SL soft label | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - two long top liquid-crystal display LCD strips - XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMOTE 25LE | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected, usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 USB-b powered, 9v center pin positive or 6 MN1500 AA batteries - X/Y touchpad and the combined pitch and modulation joystick - no aftertouch but can use both the legacy MIDI OUT and USB port simultaneously |- | <!--Description-->Novation Nocturn 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 untested sending random pitchbend info |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation MiniNova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 |- | <!--Description-->Novation Impulse 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 velocity aftertouch‑sensitive semi-weighted keyboards and eight backlit pads - USB, 5-pin MIDI out - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Circuit Tracks / Rhythm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB class compliant - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Launchpad Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 8x8 buttons with 16 backlit |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 rotary wheels lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 37 49 61 88 MK3 MKIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 USB class compliant choice - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 sliders lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation 61SL Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Nymphes Dreadbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 6 voice analog synth |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Oberheim MC 2000 EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 88 keys fully weighted - very heavy - |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus ATOM SQ Hybrid MIDI Keyboard/Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://polyend.com/tracker/ Polyend Tracker] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 USB MIDI keyboard controller 49-key |- | <!--Description-->Roland EDIROL PCR-M30 PCR-M50 PCR-M80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol PCR-30 PCR-50 PCR-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 untested 32 key - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-50 PC-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Roland PCR-500 PCR-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 61 velocity-sensitive keys with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 USB port - weighted keys velocity no aftertouch - class compliant with press FUNCTION so it is lit. Press the key labelled "ADV.", Press the "+" button so it is lit - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-200 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 some had fatar keys |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-707 Groovebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-500 A500Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-300 A300Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland JUNO DS, FA, Fantom, JUPITER X / Xm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 (be sure that USB driver is set to "Generic" - requires device rebooting) |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 MKii MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 expensive with USB-c port - hammer-action keyboard weighted keys - Class-compliant if USB-C enables bus power - MIDI 2.0 later - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ROLI Seaboard RISE 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Samson Graphite 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Samson Carbon 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sequential TAKE 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK-161 and VMK-161 Plus Organ version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed - usb midi in out - 9v psu - |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL990XP midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK176 Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->USB and midi connectivity |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL880 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL73 SL88 Studio midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> hammer-action Fatar TP semi-weighted keys |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numa Organ 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 73 key TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed used in nearly all clonewheels |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numacompact 2/2x, Numa X Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero CommandKey49 CommandKey25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SZ-MiniCommand Mini-Command USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SPC61 MIDI Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> bus powered - 5 octave |- | <!--Description-->SubZero ControlKey49S 49 Key Slim MIDI Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Synido TempoKey K25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 25 mini keys - usb-c powered |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Worlde Panda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha KX8 KX49 KX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha CMC-PD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P45B P-45 Digital Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P-115 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested weighted keys - USB midi port |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 should compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Montage, CP73/88, YC, MODX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha PSR-E353, PSR-E443 PSR-S670, PSR-S770, PSR-S970, PSR-A3000, TYROS-5 NP-12, NP-32 DGX-650, DGX-660 P-105, P-115, P-255 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 II V2 Black Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->DJM V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> dj |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Kontrol DJ Pro midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> detected but untested |- | <!--Description-->Numark Mixtrack Pro II USB DJ Controller Djay | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->older generation pioneer DDJ-SX2 dj | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-22 AL22c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-88 Schneidersladen AL88c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum U3-88c Midi Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no CopperLan support Midi network using a UTP Ethernet patch cable) |- | <!--Description-->Behringer BCF2000 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.behringer.com/EN/home.aspx Behringer] BCR2000 1in 2out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B-CONTROL DEEJAY BCD3000 DJ Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMD404 UMD202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU 0404/USB midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->DigiDesign / Focusrite Command 8 Control Surface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 supports MIDI continuous controller (CC) and note data. SysEx dumping and loading is also supported |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 003 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->emagic m4 2x4 AMT8 Unitor 8 Mk2 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x00d0 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0x010 0x0103 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) - 12v 2a psu centre pos - usb mini with rs232 and rs422 serial ports - 16 channels (8-in / 8-out), this rack-mountable unit - |- | <!--Description-->Evolution U-Control UC-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| detected}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guillemot Maxi Studio ISIS Vintage Sound Card MIDI Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ucapps.de/mbhp_usb.html MidiBox] Hardware Platform USB Module | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Control Universal Pro XT with One Two Extenders | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Audiophile USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO old version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio MidiMan 1x1 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 [http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hotplug/ firmware update] |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 2x2 yellowy green blue, green or silver chassis plastic box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|MIDISPORT 2x2 or 4x4 interfaces from previous production series (blue, green or silver chassis) are not class-compliant}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Audiosport Quattro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant as [http://usb-midi-fw.sourceforge.net/ firmware required and that is buggy], |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio UC-33 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 1x1 2x2 4x4 Anniversary Edition, black box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=52920 Mark of the Unicorn Motu Fastlane] 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=560852&postcount=8 not working on OS4]}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Motu Micro Lite 1x1 and MOTU microlite 5x5 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> good unit but poor just plug in support and not class compliant - USB2 usb-b - |- | <!--Description-->Motu MIDI Express 128 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->poor support serial port only - offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) A serial port based MIDI interface or a USB interface without MTS will have a MIDI slop of up to 2ms on record and playback. MTS provides accuracy for record and playback to around .3ms - five times more accurate than serial or non-MTS." |- | <!--Description-->MOTU.com MIDI Express XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 for many USB should have octocoupled connection to reduce groundloop humm, usually the timing is off |- | <!--Description-->MOTU MIDI Timepiece AV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant is one of the best multi-port MIDI interfaces ever made as USB model connects to the computer as an 8x16 interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments GmbH Audio 8 DJ, 4 DJ, 2 DJ | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|needs dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Qcon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|did not match to camdusbmidi.class USB audio midi with onboard DSP}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Corp Edirol UM-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{no|is not bound via camdusbmidi.class }} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not bound to any midi class - 2x2 - tested Aros One USb 2.4 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 USB audio midi with onboard DSP |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-880 8x8 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 under poseidon but could work with run >nil: c:midithru out.0 "EDIROL UM-880.out.2" |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1 blue plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| bound??? via camdusbmidi.class - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 UM-1 - 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1X midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1SX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0052 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2C - 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-1G 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2G 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/spotify/linux/blob/master/sound/usb/usbquirks.h Roland Edirol UA20 UA-20] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-1EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2EX 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 adds a second MIDI OUT |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk UM-3G - 3x3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk ua-25excw 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not class compliant mode |- | <!--Description-->[https://alsa.opensrc.org/Edirol_UA-25EX Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Cakewalk UA25 EX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus B2M Bass MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus G2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg CMC Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Subzero SZ-MB44 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Swisssonic MIDI1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 AmigaOS there is no output at midichannel one and two but if play a midi file there is only output on some channels and if pressed stop the prog freezes or the whole system crashes |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-428 US-422 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2000 not compatible |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tascam.com/Products/US-224.html US-224] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1604 | <!--Product ID-->0x8004 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2002 does not bind to any class |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-1x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-122 MKII midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x8021 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not detected / binding to camdusbmidi.class on AROS 2.4 usb }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 detected but not working 2-in/2-out USB two XLR microphone preamps with phantom power for condenser microphones |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-200 US-400 US-600 US-800 US-1200 US-1800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UX-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE and Pro version midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 dc 6v power - 3 USB hubs, midi in out , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alesis I/O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 powered USB hub required, not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO4 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XTouch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> psu needed |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Compact | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant?, usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Phoria UMD404HD UMD202HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe class compliant - volume low, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME U2 MIDI Pro 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> current model |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 1X1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 early versions with sysex checksum errors |- | <!--Description-->Creative E-MU Xmidi 1x1 Tab (V3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 tab version class compliant but report that when transferring 'System Exclusive' messages (SysEx) the unit could not handle the highest data rate leading to data corruption |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 sysex errors |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini now Avid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox II Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Engl Z7 MIDI Interface (E660/E610/E360/E930) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitar? |- | <!--Description-->Elektron TurboMidi TM-1 1in 1out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U 4x4 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U XL 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U XL 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hardware routing e.g. x on input 5 to synth y on output 7 - ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate II 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI ROM I/O | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 romio version |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U XT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2573 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|is bound via camdusbmidi.class AROS One 2.4 - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8U XT 8in 8out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 discontinued 2018 |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8UEX USB3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U eX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate eX midi interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 curent model, well liked and might class compliant?? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->icon midiport 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iCON CubeMi 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity mio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 class compliant but reported issues with sending System Exclusive (SysEx) MIDI messages and MIDI signals getting cut off |- | <!--Description--> iConnectMidi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->iCM2 iCM4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectMIDI4+ L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 class compliant?? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity MioXL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig MIDI 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant |- | <!--Description-->iRig Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Electronics pro solo mk2 midi to cv converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Midi Thru-25 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Keytech MT18E 8 Way Midi Thru box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 9 to 12v psu required |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 2x2 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech MIT-00151 Midiface 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech Midiface 4x4 8x8 16x16 thru merge | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Miditech Midilink mini 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO only if box is labeled Class Compliant and latest MIDISPORT 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midiman Midisport 2x2 Anniversary Edition [https://gearspace.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/1133862-why-there-hardly-any-midi-interfaces.html not stable enough] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 USB2 usb-b - does not need firmware and supposedly plug and play - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 4x4 Anniversary Edition | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> rumored does not need firmware - supposedly plug and play - issues with its firmware for some and lacks configurable routing |- | <!--Description-->Maudio Fast Track Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant but bus powered, |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Midiflex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 class compliant and usb-b powered - used as a 1 in / 3 out, 2 in / 2 out or 4 out 5pin sockets - |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik IM-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Peavey Xport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitars only |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-ONE UM-1 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 USB class compliant if switch to TAB for class compliant mode rather than the COMPUTER mode |- | <!--Description-->Squarp Hermid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg Midex 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? supporting MIDI Time Stamping protocol |- | <!--Description-->Swissonic MidiConnect 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.midi USB 4x4 (Loud technologies) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2014 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded cable | 0x552d | 0x4348 | F110 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected but no usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->detected but not working the USB-MIDI conversion functionality of the cheapo USB MIDI "cable" interface is simply lacking, possibly being incapable of handling MIDI strings longer than 3 bytes long SysEx strings (e.g. SysEx dumps) - tested in Icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->USB2.0-MIDI Unbranded cable with clear braided underneath leads | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x752D | <!--Revision-->0254 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected binding to camdusbmidi.class but untested midi in / out}} | <!--Opinion-->untested but better to get a branded version - tested AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->LogiLink USB to Midi In-Out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->untested cheap cable version but issues with latency on other systems |- | <!--Description--> gm5 USB midi chip DIY option only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Doremidi LEKATO MIDI USB C Interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Thomann Midi USB 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> Prodipe made |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe MIDI 1i/1o | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} Classic 5pin DIN controllers for above interfaces {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai s5000 s6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi digital samplers |- | <!--Description-->Akai AX80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-3000 CZ-1000 CZ-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cheetah MS6 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 multi-timbral, six-voice (twelve-oscillator), analogue synthesiser module is loaded with CEM 3396s |- | <!--Description-->Ensoniq ESQ1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Integra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Wavestation Ex A/D SR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1986 ex has piano and drum sounds |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-8000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Poly 800 MK1 Poly-800ii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> all plastic and can run on batteries - 49 keys non-velocity dco synt analogue filter |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland D-50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1987 untested greater concern would be moisture and wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland A50 (76) A80 (88) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1989 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND JUNO-D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland Juno 106 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->80s kx73 or kx88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-160A PC-180A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} legacy DIN5 MIDI port only - 6 AA batteries or 9v psu - One regular source of failure for me were emty batteries (even with red control light still active). Another source was a bad MIDI cable - unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description-->Roland M1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland S-550 S-760 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> digital samplers kontakt replaced these? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1983 12bit |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7S DX72IID DX7IIFD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1987 16bit versions |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} The MIDI standard was published in August 1983. The inventors, Kakehashi and Smith finally received a Technical Grammy Award in 2013 for their work. The MIDI files that contained just the note data, velocity and timing meant you could transfer an entire studio session from one place to another on one floppy disk and it could control all the synths and drum samplers. Pass-thru meant that one computer could run an entire bands worth of instruments. It's bulletproof too. MIDI never goes wrong, it's always a bug in software that causes any issue - you can absolutely rely on it to go gigging with, take your synths, controllers and computers and not crash an entire gig at your 100,000 person venue. The MIDI hardware specification is very simple (voltage, polarity, screening, protection and a fast enough opto-isolator), it assumes that the data it sends and receives between MIDI devices is to the MIDI data standard and just passes it on. The microprocessor in the hardware does all the work. The minimum for a computer/MIDI interface is that it meets the MIDI hardware specification. It is attached to the computer bus and handles the electrical conversions required. To meet the MIDI hardware specification, to be class compliant as a USB device all it has to do is report itself properly when plugged in. The other half of the equation is the MIDI data standard, and for a computer MIDI interface the main issue is the speed of data transmission. The bus speed of the computer is faster than the speed of the MIDI standard so it can generate and send MIDI data faster than a MIDI device can receive it. The MIDI standards have nothing to say on that bottleneck at all. MIDI was designed to be very simple and very open, it just defines a standard for the messages and leaves it up to manufacturers to implement them in the way they want. That's what makes it so powerful a tool, and also what makes it so confusing and frustrating at times. For midi, the hardware/software combination at various connection points handles the translation to/from midi (or other protocols). Drivers would be needed for midi, including clock and SysEx signal (actually claiming to handle ALL midi quirks transparently All the important MIDI data types can be sent (CC, NRPN, RPN, MMC, Note On/Off, program change) There is no official way to solve the data bottleneck. Early software sequencers and librarians tried to solve it by having an option to buffer SYSEX data in software and transmit it at the MIDI data rate. The downside is that hogs the bus and can hit computer performance. Interface manufacturers would add a hardware buffer which would take all the MIDI data from the PC bus and feed it into the MIDI at the slower data rate, but that added cost and created timing issues. Things have moved on since then, but the principles remain the same. You can buffer in the hardware or in software, whether that is in the application or the interface driver. SYSEX will work perfectly well with that budget cable if your software handles the buffering. And while the cables with hardware buffers make SYSEX easier, they still have potential problems because of the limitations of the MIDI data rate. Your MIDI clock doesn't like being interrupted with a big program dump The serial / parallel ports were a direct connection, so faster. Now, everything in the computer is virtual and the only thing connected to the hardware is the kernel, hence everything is by default bottlenecked and jittery, regardless of which connection. So by the time the interface gets the information it's already too late. Ethernet network cable to transport MIDI over large distances, connect 2 MIDI In and 2 MIDI Out ports to patch, remap, filter and merge MIDI flows on a fine channel basis for tight MIDI throughput, latency and jitter Possibilities for DAWs of the future including a kind of sync reference for timing reference which an interface could sync to, hence all the timings then would be locked between the grid on the DAW screen and the MIDI info. Preemptible, low latency and accuracy are essential for good communication. One of the first things you need to do, is make sure your MIDI software sets the interface to the same MIDI channel as your keyboard (usually 1) Do you want to send just your master keyboard to other synths or to be able to use any keyboard with any synth? 1st option is relatively simple. Just need to send midi from your master keyboard into a midi splitter that redistributes the signal onto your synths. Each synth will be set up to receive midi on a specific channel so the only challenge is to find a way to select to which channel you are sending midi. Some master keyboards can do that although not many that have a dedicated knob or switch on the panel and most require a bit of menu diving. Could use a midi box that offers channel selection but usually this is not very workflow friendly. The software route would require using the mouse. 2nd option is a bit more complex but superior workflow by sending midi messages into a merge box, from there into a hardware sequencer that allows to select midi channel, then on to a midi interface that distributes the signal to the synths. Master keyboard MIDI-in to computer. External hardware sampler MIDI-out from computer. Audio-out from sampler to audio-in on computer/device. Blue Ribbon Soundworks Bars & Pipes Professional (1993/4) GM (1984), GS (1987), XG level 1-3 (1994-1997), GM level 2 (1999) GM GM1 imposes several requirements beyond the MIDI 1.0 specification. While MIDI 1.0 by itself provides a communication protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level e.g sound modules. GM goes further in two ways. First, GM requires that all compliant MIDI instruments meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 24 notes simultaneously (polyphony). Second, GM attaches specific interpretations to many parameters and control messages which were left unspecified in the MIDI 1.0 specification. A minimum of 128 MIDI Program Numbers (conforming to the GM 1 Instrument Patch Map) and 47 percussion sounds (conforming to the GM 1 Percussion Key Map). Support for controller number 1, 7, 10, 11, 64, 100, 101, 121 and 123; support for channel pressure and pitch bend controllers. General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI (GM) and Roland GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA). * Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes * MIDI Channels: 16 * Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels) * Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11) Program and bank change events General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM (General MIDI 1) sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluuHrr7HG4 Major WWHWWWH, Minor WHWWHWW scale], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jjm7Ti-iwz0 Chords], ==usb audio== AROS currently does not support natively any USB audio interface for recording audio USB audio is only available for limited Amiga like OSs, independent of the USB protocol version USB1.x USB2, USB3.x, which are not backwards compatible. *Introduced 2000 and from 2014 USB Audio 1 UAC1 16bit 44.1kHz *Introduced 2006 and from 2014 USB Audio 2 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-device-class-definition-audio-devices-release-20-errata-and-ecn-through-april UAC2] 24bit 192kHz *Introduced 2016 and from 2024 USB Audio 3 [https://www.usb.org/documents UAC3] 32bit 384kHz USB group decided to rewrite the audio standard, so [https://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/usbaudio2.lha UAC2] and [https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/attachments/slides/3345/export/events/attachments/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/slides/3345/Linux_and_USB_Audio_Class_3___FOSDEM_2019.pdf UAC3]. They added clock selection and control, timing domains and others. Part of the changes included changing many of the descriptors that an audio device uses to describe itself to the machine. PsdErrorlog/PsdDevlister? The AHI driver generated only supports mono/stereo at any bit rates between 8 and 32 bit per sample, but not multichannel modes and only rates up to 65KHz (because AHI uses a 16-bit word for frequencies). If the soundcard does not offer such a PCM 8-32 bit mode at frequencies lower than 65 KHz, there's nothing much that can be done about it on the computer side other than revising and expanding the AHI standard. Most cheap USB soundcards do though. AHI does not support six channel playback. It only supports mono, stereo and multichannel (8 channels). Due to the multichannel mode not being used by any application so far, the usbaudio.class does not support multichannel playback, especially not "upchannelling" stereo to six or more channels. If this USB device does not support a two channel mode, you can't use it under AHI. Untested but most likely to work, at least 2 mic inputs (low impedance) & instruments (high impedance) and made in the last 10 years *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMuA-2FbJxE Entry level <100Euro] BOMGE U202, Behringer UMC, Presonus Studio, *[ Next tier <200Euro] Audient iD, Solid SSL2 and SSL2+, Lewitt, Focusrite Scarlett, Arturia MiniFuse, *[ Prosumer <300Euro] Focusrite Clarett+, *[ Professional <500Euro] RME Babyface, *[ Studio >500Euros] Bands may need 4 or more mic inputs [http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=38364030 XDA Forum thread], <pre> <- Computer <- Mobile Phone / Tablet (OTG) <- Digital Cameras <- Video <- Webcams Base Computer <-> OBS like <- Audio Mixer <- Microphone(s) -> Internet -> Youtube & Chat </pre> USB AUDIO CARDS - UAC Compliant {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Records ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Mini Fuse 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp 1 combi input, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant usb-c with usb2.0, okay pre amps with good dynamic range 110dB, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, two combi inputs for mic, line or guitar, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay 110dB dynamic range, -129dB EIN, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AudioFuse 16Rig | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 mk1 mki | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient evo4 EVO8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD4 mk2 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient id14 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant and usb-c bus powered, good, , 0-in/14-out audio interface with ADAT expandability, balanced inserts |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 Mk2 Mkii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC22 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC202HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps ein -129 dBu, 24bit ADC, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC404HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps, 24bit adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC204HD 192 Empower Tribe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID-->0x0508 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMC1820 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2016, bus complaint?, okay midas pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UM2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, poor zenyx pre-amps with high noise floor, plastic build no rf shielding, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, , , midi, strictly NEC USB 2.0, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 Gen 1 MOSC0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, but |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 1 MOSC0003 *TP1 - 3.3V, tested ok *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present at all time. *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - 48V, tested ok *TP7 - Ground *TP8 - Ground | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 usually avoid early Gen 1, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/08/75-focusrite-scarlett-2i4-1st-gen.html Focusrite Scarlet 2i4 Gen 1 (slide toggles) MOSC0004] *TP1 - 3.3V, tested 3.22v *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - measure 47.72v * AKM 4384ET (VDD 5v) * Cirrus Logic CS4272-CZZ (VA 4.94v/ VD 3.2v/ VL 3.2v) * all four HC4066 (VCC 4.96v) * XMOS XS1-L01A-TQ128-C5 (all VDD 1.08v/ all VVDIO 3.23v/ PPLAVDD 0.99v/ PCU-VDDIO 3.23v) 2i4S *TP1 seems to be 0V *TP2 should be 5V *TP3 should be *TP6 should be 48V *TP8 should be 3.3V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps JRC NJM2122 and NJM4565, [https://statics.cirrus.com/pubs/proDatasheet/CS4272_F1.pdf CS4272 adc], [https://pdf.datasheet.live/e5e5fd1c/akm.com/AK4384.pdf AK4384 output pair], Xmos XS1-L8A-64-TQ128 processor and firmware in Winbond 25X40CL 4Mbit, an SMSC Microchip USB3343 interface and a Microchip PL611 clock generator - two Intersil / Renesas ISL97519A for the phantom power rail, two OnSemi NCP1521B for the 3.3V (digital) and 1V (Xmos core) rails - |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite iTrack Solo USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 1st Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->[http://wiki.linuxaudio.org/wiki/current_audio_gear Focusrite ] Scarlett 4i4 Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen1 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , , 12v psu, the headphone outs mirror the outs on the back panel, so that's six independent outs. 4 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2019/03/38-focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen1-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 1st Gen MOSC0008] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, JRC NJM4565 provide most of the opamps, pair of JRC NJM2122's for inputs 1 and 2, [http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/76/cs4272_f1-43250.pdf Cirrus CS4272], 12v 1a +central psu to a pair of National Semiconductor LM2672 for 3.3V rail and the +6.9V rail, Xmos XS1–L16A–128 dual-row QFN package, firmware a Winbond 25X40C 4Mbit SPI Flash and an SMSC USB3343 interface chip, the two headphone outs are completely independent so 6 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Clarett+ 8Pre | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 great, expensive, maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0006 *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz CS4272 as well as an additional AKM AK4384ET for the second stereo output pair, 4 screws under bottom rubber, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/07/focusrite-scarlett-2i4-2nd-gen-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 2i4 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0014] *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps NJM2122's, NJM4565's and CMOS switches (HEF4053 and HEF4066), CS4272 and a AKM AK4384ET, Xmos XU208-256-TQ64-C10 with firmware stored in a Macronix MX25L8006E 8Mbit flash memory, clocking by a Cirrus Logic CS2100, an MP1542 boost converter creates +6V and -6V rails, powering the opamps and the rest of the analog circuitry, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen2 MOSC0016 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 2nd Gen MOSC0019 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2024/03/focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen2-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 2nd Gen MOSC00] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 3rd Gen MOSC0024 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant usb-c but usb2, preamps, ad/dc 24bit 192kHz, most Focusrite gen3 interfaces have encrypted processors, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 Gen3 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB2 class compliant device, but with custom mixer interface |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 3 (push in switches) MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8210 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB-c bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic xfr002c and cs4272 chips, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 3rd gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 3rd Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8214 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, , , no screws under the rubber pads on the bottom, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo Studio Mk3 USB Audio Interface MOSC0030 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Studio 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt Connect 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Motu UltraLite AVB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> usb not compliant? |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant?, usb-c, good pre amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU U2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, good but latest had hardware revision |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nuemann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, usb1.1 usb-b bus powered, okay pre-amps, 24bit ADC 48Khz max, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Audiobox 1818VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox 44VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox 22VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|4 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, usb-b, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 6|8 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe compliant, needs ext psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 24c 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 26c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus® Studio 68c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox USB 96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, high preamp noise, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Quantum ES2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism Lyra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb- UAC2 asynchronous protocol, 64dB Low-noise Mic amplifier, 32Bit High End ADC and DAC, 16dBu High-power ti headphone amplifier |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Platane | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface/UC/UFX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 might be able to put into class compliant cc although a firewire device, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface Pro FS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 might be class compliant usb-b, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ Mk1 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL12 SSL18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, bus powered, good pre-amps, up to 32-bit 192kHz AD/DA converters, 12-in 8-out, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, good pre amps ein -130 dBu, ad/dc, okay latency, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Topping E1x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->Topping Pro E2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->UAD UA Apollo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo 2nd Gen twin X (Duo/Quad), X4, X6, X8, X8P, and X16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo twin x quad 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->|Universal Audio Volt 276 2|76 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI01 Electromusic Interface Expander - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, 4-in/4-out USB 2.0 audio interface with a built-in USB hub and MIDI I/O, up to 24-bit/96kHz |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI02 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Alesis io2 io|2, io14 io|14, io26 io|26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered but not usb compliant, okay pre-amps, 2, 4 or 8 mics respectively, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis iO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Core 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe cc, mini usb, poor latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel two‑in, two‑out, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb for basic features, , , single‑channel up to 48kHz |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant usb- and maybe aa batteries, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble Thunderbolt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Boom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ART PRO Audio Usb Mix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant bus powered, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 1 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID-->01000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 mbox original was usb1 and not a usb class compliant device, and had the much hated "focusrite designed" mic preamps, light blue front plate and the sticky out feet |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Pro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Micro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->AVID MBox 3rd gen Mini or Standard but Pro is Firewire | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->behringer u-control uca202 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2902 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, draws a lot of power - dac ti burr-brown - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-CONTROL UCA 222 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 maybe usb compliant, - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Black Lion Audio 2x2 evolution | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant but , okay with 109dB range - poor noise floor, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic CS4272, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 11s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 22s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge BMG22 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb-c, 24bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower , may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2702E PCM2704 PCM2704C Muse Audio Mini USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2704 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2900 PCM2902 PCM2906 USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2900 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng MD22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 2|6 em2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ego Systems, Inc. in Korea (ESI) joining with RIDI GmbH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->esi Mixvibes U46 Mk II USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI ESU22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->esi U24XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 24 bits, 2 analogue inputs and outputs with 6.3 mm jack connection, Output L can be used as a headphone output, S / PDIF digital input - |- | <!--Description-->esi U46XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MAYA22USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI MAYA44USB+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MARA22XTU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI U22XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb class compliant |- | <!--Description-->ESI Gigaport Ex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 usb compliant?, usb-c usb3.1, , , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectAUDIO2+ icaudio-02 USB audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->LexiconPro - Omega 8x4x2 (USB-1.1) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb complaint |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Alpha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Lambda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 may not be compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Toneport UX1 and Tone Port UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 TonePort UX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio UX1 UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lokchonk UX22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljSiNmudMm0 Lokchonk UX44HD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b , , , 2in 2out only, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Artist 1·2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Producer 2X2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b midi |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Blackjack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 USB powered but maybe not usb compliant, Two Onyx Preamps, 2-in, 2-out which are combo Neutrik-type connectors to handle XLR, instrument or line level |- | <!--Description-->Mackie | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, , , |- | <!--Description-->Media Assistance USB-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not uac cc comliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe not usb compliant, - guitar |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb cc providing 24-bit/96kHz audio capabilities but requires manual configuration of the mixer settings |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 usb compliant?, okay - guitar and vocal mainly |- | <!--Description-->[https://htyp.org/M-Audio/Fast_Track_Ultra/Linux M-Audio FastTrack Ultra] and Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, low round-trip latency, okay octane pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track 2x2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre-amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track (MkII) 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track Solo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf shielding, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf sheild, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NI AK1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.pogo.org.uk/~mark/linuxdj/ Native Instruments Traktor Audio 8 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 4 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 2 DJ], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID-->0x1978, 0x0839, 0x041C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, [https://mixxx.discourse.group/t/problems-with-native-instruments-audio-8-dj-on-linux/14719/2 Audio 8 device has 4 subunits which are not recognized correctly], Cirrus Logic DACs spec'd at 24-bit/96KHz over a USB2, |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 96kHz adc, ocassional dropouts, plastic build top with metal around 3/4, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Komplete Audio 1 and 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, good pre amp ein -129.5 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->[https://support.native-instruments.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014683497-Apple-Silicon-Compatibility-News Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk2] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 192kHz adc, black aluminum glass build, |- | <!--Description-->[ Native Instruments Traktor Pro] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub 2x4 NOVHUB01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, no xlr, focusrite sounds inside, |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe Studio 22 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-3 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1998 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-30 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA1A UA-1D Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-5 Audio Capture (Roland) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1000 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1EX, Cakewalk UA-1G | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant driver also supports ASIO (Steinberg Audio Stream I/O Interface), noisy |- | <!--Description-->Roland Duo Capture UA-11 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland QUAD-CAPTURE Analog 2x2 Digital 2x2 USB 2.0 4in/4out | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant, usb-b powered |- | <!--Description-->[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden/Setup Roland Edirol UA-101 and UA-1000 (Clemens Ladisch driver)] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/mmueller-kaffeeschluerfercom/UA-25-Firmware-Modification Roland Edirol ua-25] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 maybe usb compliant 16bit 44.1kHz sampling without MIDI but not USB class complient when in Advanced mode for 24bit or midi |- | <!--Description-->Edirol by Roland USB AudioCapture UA-25EX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x00e6, 0x00e7 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant if ADVANCED DRIVER switched to OFF might play and record at 44.1kHz and 16-bit samples |- | <!--Description-->Roland Audio Interface V-Studio 20 VS-20 Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Quad Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x012f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not USB class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland DUO-CAPTURE EX UA-22 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0159 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant but not be used with a USB 3.0 port that is not compatible with USB 2.0 specification, vs pre amps, adc, three AA batteries in base, or an AC adapter psb-1u 9V 2A - |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix22 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix24 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg (2004 Yamaha buys) MIDI interface hardware including the CC like CC121 CC-121 and CI1 CI2 series. | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR12 UR22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44 usb audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR242 audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, usb powered or 5v psu, okay pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, okay pre-amps ein -123 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR-RT 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, usb2.0 usb-b, pre-amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44C (USB3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg URX22C UR22C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, preamps okay but little noisy, ad/dc. |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22 MkIII UR series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb-c, okay pre-amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.USB 2x2 (Loud technologies WA, USA) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not compliant, usb-b, poor pre-amps hum, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-tools.git;a=blob;f=usx2yloader/README;hb=3843634ef0310a952b256bcb6a4ddd0ad4ebe396 Teac Tascam US-422 US-428 US2XYloader] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122 US-224 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb compliant, needing firmware usx2yloader/us122fw.ihx for audio sound card - Tascam US-122 and US-122L are not the same - |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122L | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x800e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, obsolete needs tascam_loader.ihx and us122fw.ihx firmware loaded each time unless automated |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US122 US-122 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US144 US-144 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-200 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac US-366 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-600 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-800 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam iU2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant?, 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb compliant?, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->teyun q12 Q-12, q22 Q-22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Teyun q26 Q-26, q24 Q-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UW500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 3 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp, 16bit 44kHz adc no advanced features without dedicated asio driver, 1 xlr, 1 instrument, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 6 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, okay, 2 xlr, 2 instrument, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC-232 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.arcam.co.uk/products,rseries,usb-dacs,rPAC.htm Arcam rPac] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioquest Dragonfly | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioengine D1 Premium 24-bit DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 (Burr Brown PCM 1716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 + Burson Buffer + MK3 JKSPDIF | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://epiphany-acoustics.co.uk/products-page/dacs/e-dac-24bit-miniature-usb-dac/ Epiphany E-DAC 24bit] ES9023 DAC chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio FUBAR II Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio iLoveTW 24Bit USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO D5 ta2020 chip amp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E07K Andes | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E17 Alpen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Magnum | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Martini-U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Vulcan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Halide Design DAC HD (Wolfson WM8716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->HRT Steamer II USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->John Kenny JKDAC uses a 24-bit/192&nbsp;kHz Sabre ES9022 DAC or better JKDAC32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> iBasso D12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Leckerton UHA-6S MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MyST 1866 PortaDAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Objective DAC ODAC+O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rega DAC (Wolfson WM8742) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.henryaudio.com/open-source.php Henry Audio USB DAC 128 also known as QNKTC AB-1.2 open source DAC] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Henry Audio mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->AKM4430 DAC chip comes from Asahi Kasai |- | <!--Description-->DevilSound USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KingRex UD-01 SE (Burr-Brown PCM 2702E) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SuperPro 24/192 USB DAC (24bit 192&nbsp;kHz, CS-4398 D/A chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM108 7.1ch emulation I2S in and out | 0x1926 | 0x0003 | 0x0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | [http://www.lindy.co.uk/usb-2-audio-adapter/42961.html Lindy USB 2.0] (Chipset CM108) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Speed-Link SL-8850-SBK Vigo ([http://mightyohm.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1036#p1030 CMedia CM108]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode USB SOUNDCARD 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x1130 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode Virtual 7.1 USB-SOUND7 (C-Media ) | 0x0d8c | 0x000c 0x000e | 1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Generic White box with very little red led and white USB lead (CMedia ) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID--> 0c000e | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | CM109 CiT SC-U119 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM1197.1ch I2C MCU port Penguin | 0x0D8C | 0x0000 | 0x010 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sweex 7.1 Startech External USB, WMA Blue metal box SYBA SD-AUD20040, Sabrent USB-SND8, Sewell Vantec NBA-200U (C-Media CM6206 CM106 like) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x0102 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->50/50 if the item is detected but does not work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Labs SoundBlaster X-fi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi Go | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Sound Blaster Play! USB sound adapter (SB1140) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> working with [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=646431&postcount=15 Deneb on OS3] |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U1 (ASUS UA100 USB Audio Chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Griffin iMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Transit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Icemat Siberia (steel series) (Cmedia chipset) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->JMTek HY554, ZyXEL NSA-220, Logilink (Tenx Technology TP6911 and SSS-1623 headphone set) | 0x0C76 0x1130 | 0x1605 0x1607 0xf211 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> reports on other OS not good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Plantronics "DSP Adapter-01" (or "USB Adapter-02") | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rocksmith Real Tone Cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RSA Intruder Predator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->StarTech ICUSBAUDIO7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x000c | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Stoner Acoustics UD100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac UDH01-B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TerraTec Electronic GmbH Aureon Dual USB | 0x0ccd | 0x0077 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Phase26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust 510 EX 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech A-5572A USB 2.0 to 3.5mm jacks Virtual 7.1 Surround Sound Adapter or accessory of Logitech Clearchat pro USB or Logitech USB Headset H530 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x046D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-10 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-12 USB-C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Amigo Micro II USB Sound Card & Headset Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10F5 | <!--Product ID-->0x0211 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vantec NBA-100U 7.1 Channel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |} Companies including Access, Alesis, Allen&Heath, American Audio, CME, ESI, Infrasonic, Lexicon, Numark, Presonus, Reloop, SIMS, Sound Devices, Steinberg, Swissonic, Tascam, Terrasoniq, Terratec, Yamaha and Yellowtec decided to license and bundle this driver. So fully functional custom drivers are available for Access Virus TI, Access Virus TI snow, Alesis Multimix 8 USB2.0, Alesis Multimix 16 USB2.0, Allen&Heath XONE:2D, Allen&Heath XONE:3D, Allen&Heath XONE:4D, Allen&Heath XONE:DX, Allen&Heath XONE:DB4, American Audio Versa Port, CME XCORPIO, ESI ESU1808, ESI Gigaport AG / DG, ESI Maya 44 USB, Infrasonic Amon, Lexicon I-ONIX U22, Lexicon I-ONIX U42S, Lexicon I-ONIX U82S, Mindprint DI-MOD USB, Numark DJ IO, Numark NS6, Numark NS7, Numark Omni Control, Numark V7, Presonus Audiobox USB, Reloop Digital Jockey, SIMS Primus, Sound Devices USB pre, Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4, Swissonic Easy USB, Tascam M-164UF, Tascam US-122L, Tascam US-144, Tascam US-Tascam US-144mkII 122mkII, Tascam US-200, Tascam US-600, Tascam US-1641, Tascam US-1800, Tascam US-2000, Terratec Area 61, Terrasoniq Phase X64, Terratec Phase 26 USB, Yamaha UW10, Yamaha UW500, Yellowtec PUC2 and many others. Well, those companies are using the same driver framework because all of those interfaces use the same microprocessor/firmware architecture to communicate with the USB bus. Just like almost all FireWire audio interfaces use the same TC Dice or BridgeCo chipsets. Usually it does not make sense for companies to develop their own USB1.1/USB2/FW framework for a product they are going to sell for <$500. However, that isn't the end of the story. The companies who develop audio interfaces implement different features into their devices and must update the driver and firmware to accommodate those features. That is where things can go wrong. Sometimes there is miss-communication about how things are coded, sometimes the developer who started a project leaves without transferring his knowledge to his successor, etc. You have to keep in mind that there are no "big" computer audio companies. Even the companies that seem big in the scale of the market, probably have fewer employees than you'd think. A very well made interface that is designed from scratch from the ground up would be a very expensive device, regardless of whether it's USB, FW, PCIe or whatever. Round-trip latency is the sum of the following: <pre> ASIO input buffer ASIO output buffer A/D D/A converter latency The driver's hidden safety buffer </pre> At a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k, Tascam units yield ~18ms total round-trip latency. Typical USB audio interfaces use a large hidden safety buffer. This helps ensure glitch-free playback... even under less than ideal circumstances. But... this comes at the expense of much higher round-trip latency. Short of doubling the sample-rate, there's no means of mitigating the higher round-trip latency. If you have no plans of ever monitoring in realtime thru software based EFX/processing (ie: playing/monitoring DI bass thru an AmpSim plugin as you're playing), then this may not matter to you. If you want the ability this play/monitor in realtime thru software based EFX/processing, make sure to get an audio interface that yields low round-trip latency. As a point of reference the best PCI/e audio interfaces yield about 5ms total round-trip latency at a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k The best Firewire and USB units yield 5.5-5.6ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Typical USB and Firewire units (that use a large hidden safety buffer) yield 12-18ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Anything above ~6ms starts to feel sluggish. Anything above ~10ms feels like playing thru molasses. USB Microphones {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato WaveMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver lightweight }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx solocast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx quadcast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sennheiser CC510 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis USB-Mic microphone podcasting kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2020 (AT202) AT4040 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2035 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball iCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardioid only }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL 2001A/600 Studio Microphone Pack / MXL 2003A Studio Condenser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeChat LX-3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Namtai SingStar(TM) PS2 SCEH-0001 USBMIC | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1415 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mono microphones }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Neumann | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren Mini USB Condenser Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rockband USB Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A VideoMic Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode Podcaster 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| RODECaster Pro usb audio compatible}} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A NT2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NT2 better }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Roland R-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic - Portable USB Microphone for Recording | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mini usb r.h.s. and clip on the bottom left hand side}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic Clip On USB Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| switch to choose between Cardiod, Omni and -10&nbsp;dB modes, a 3.5mm headphone socket and a USB socket}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C01U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardoid only}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C03U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7 USB Podcast Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->SONY PCM-D50 handy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PCM-M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->TASCAM DR-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008, one mini usb out, lithium battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009, one mini usb out, aa battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011, one mini usb port for file transfer and charging the AA batteries }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 mini usb aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 , one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb 3 aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-100mkIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0095 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0120 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 no driver, mini usb 5V and display will alternate between USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f press the Record. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n PRO | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested, 2xlr, 5v mini usb, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 no driver, 5v mini usb, 2 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1n-vp handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6studio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 untested usb a cord, no hdmi, 480p}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3HD Handy Video Recorder | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 untested, built in usb-a cord, mini hdmi, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries, H.264 movies 480p }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q2HD Handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested, up 720p but no stablisation, mini usb cord, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio Technica ATR4697-USB Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CAD Audio CAD USB Condenser Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL AC-44 Boundary Conferencing Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Audio SAUB1 Boundary Microphone (USB) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} USB Speakers {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Focal XS 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} USB Headset Wired/Wireless {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Logitech Vantage Wired (came free with PS2 Socom3) | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G330 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech Premium USB Stereo Headset 350 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics DSP-300 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics GameCom 777 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G-930 Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/set-usb-wireless-earphones/ Plantronics Audio 995 Wireless RF] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Sennheiser Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be1e0QPIPK0 Mixers] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ALESIS MULTIMIX 4 CHANNEL USB MIXER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB FX (USB 1.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, 18v 500mA - |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB 2.0 FX (USB 2.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen&Heath MixWiz16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Allen and Heath ZED Power 1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 8 xlr, usb-b out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen & Heath ZEDi-10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX 302USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 5-Input Mixer/Audio Interface - 1 xlr - }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q502USB Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 1 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q802USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->BEHRINGER XENYX 1204USB 8-Channel 2-Bus Mixer USB/Audio Interface Studio/Live | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle psu lead - can develop constant background hiss over time |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX X1222USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver - 12-Channel Analog Mixer with USB Interface and Effects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng HT-7 HT7USB 7 Channel Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2023 cheap no driver, USB MP3 player to work, format your USB stick Fat32 as a Logical drive - not primary}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng XT7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng DT8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Spirit soundcraft Folio FX8 with Lexicon Effects Processor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} unusual power connector - [https://github.com/lack/soundcraft-utils usb routing] - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver, cheap mixer with 3pin ac input (introduces noise) and 1 usb-a port}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7-Pro 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic A80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2024 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} Mixer no hardware usb {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->ALTO Lynx MIX82FX Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Alto L16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MXUL5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MX602A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 17.5V 3pin psu needed}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB802 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 4 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer RX1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer 802 XENYX 8-Input 2-Bus Mixer Small Format Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 18.5V ???ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx 502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->IMG stage Line MMX-122 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, iec cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 802VLZ4 Mackie 802-VLZ4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb , psu}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 1202-VLZ Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, mains iec}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix5 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 18v 300mA psu - 5 Channel - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix8 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 9v x2 600mA psu - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie MIX12FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, 9v 500mA x2 psu, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.soundcraft.com/en/product_documents/en/owners_manual Soundcraft] Spirit Folio F1 Fader 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} 16 Channel Mixer - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Harman Soundcraft EPM 12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle power lead - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM 16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 8FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 124FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, 14.8V x2 3 pin psu}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->t.mix xmix 1402fx mp usb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, mains iec, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- |} ==Webcameras== A USB camera has two dedicated chips: a controller or bridge and an image sensor. There was no Commodore support for video interfaces. The only commercial, now discontinued application that defined some sort of standard was VHI Studio by iospirit. ===OLD standards=== See [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_supported_e.html support pages] and [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_faq_e.html here] and some [http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras/index.php?orderBy=status further compatibility] Pencam STV680 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AIPTEK stv680 | 0x0553 | 0x0202 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Konica e-mini | 0x04c8 | 0x0722 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | DigitalDream l'espion XS | 0x1183 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://reviews.cnet.com/webcams/creative-webcam-go/1707-6502_7-1446174.html Creative WebCam Go mini] | 0x041e | 0x4007 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} SonixcamTool (Sonix webcams and derivates) '''Note [http://amigadev.free.fr/sonix/ some] Sonix Webcams with a Sonix SN9C1xx controller ''and'' a pas106b or tas5110c1b sensor support bulk mode which works even with pciusb.device!''' {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Macally IceCam II | 0x0c45 | 0x05d8 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sweex MiniCam 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6005 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110c1b}} |- | Macally IceCam Portable | 0x0c45 | 0x6007 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110d}} |- | Sweex 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6009 | 0x0101 | {{yes|bulk works - sensor pas106b}} |- | [http://www.epinions.com/pr-Chicony_TwinkleCam_Webcam/display_~full_specs Chicony Twinkle DC-2110A] | 0x0c45 | 0x600d | | {{no|no}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x601e | | {{no|no}} |- | USB PC Camera (SN9C102) | 0x0c45 | 0x6028 | | {{no|no - sn9c10x + pas202b}} |- | Trust SpaceC@m 120 and 150 | 0x0c45 | 0x6029 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor pas106a}} |- | HiRes Webcam Live | 0x0c45 | 0x602c | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | [http://www.sweex.com/en/assortiment/sound-vision/webcams/JA000020 Sweex USB Webcam 300K] | 0x0c45 | 0x608f | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Speedlink Sphere Webcam SL-6820, 350K | 0x0c45 | 0x613c | 0x0101 | {{N/A|untested - sensor HV7131R}} |- | WB-3250P | 0x0c45 | 0x613e | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x6207 | | {{no|no}} |} <pre> micromaxx USB Camera STM 1363 514 works --- USB Tower Lego 1684 1 works need NCQ Trust Spycam 100plus STM 1363 514 works </pre> ov51x.class - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link VGA Webcam (640x480) | 0x05a9 | 0x8519 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Logitech/Logicool Black (ov519) SCEH-0004 | 0x054c | 0x0154 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Namtai Silver (ov519) SLEH-00031 SLEH-00030 | 0x054c | 0x0155 | | {{no|no driver}} |- |} ===UVC.class - [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set USB Device Class Definition for Video Devices or USB Video Class]=== AROS needs realtime isochronous transfers in EHCI and XHCI, then a usb uvc.class which might create a virtual UVC.VHI type device driver for use by AROS apps since 2019 the market is filled with UVC Compliant USB HDMI Capture {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HD VS009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k 60hz ok for chat streams}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HDMI HDR Game Live Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| for chat streams }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AJA U-tap HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->ASUS TUF CU4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATEN CAMLIVE HDMI to USB-C UVC Video Capture adapter UC3020 HDMI (F) TO USB-C M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 possibly UVC and UAC standard support allows up to 1080P @ 60}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Live Streamer Cap 4K - BU113 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc usb3}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC515 video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra GC553 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra S GC553PROW 302AGC553DL2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1553 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 powered by good quality type C USB3 cable and 4K HDMI 2.0 cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVermedia Live Gamer Mini GC311 302AGC311DG9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1311 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc compliant up to 1080p 60fps capture and supports internal hardware H.264 encoding }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Ez Recorder 330 (ER330) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 designed to work independently and is generally not compatible as a plug-and-play UVC capture card }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer extreme3 GC551G2 (LGX3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x3551 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc compliant for intensive gaming streams, some vrr but no hdr with maximum recording resolution of 4K30/1080p60 from fully wired usb3 compatible cable - passing through 4K60/1080p120 Game Capture video capturing device HDMI}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra Pro GC553Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 usb3 }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra 2.1 GC553G2 61GC553G20BV video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC575 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AVMatrix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ClonerAlliance Flint 4KP Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->DIGITNOW U600 video capture card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/elgatosf/capture-device-support Elgato HD60 S+] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID-->0x006C, 0x006E | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 4K 30FPS capture, 1080p 60FPS uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60 X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K HDMI video capture card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 uvc compliant but can have usb disconnects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 lite USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 USB 3.0 device }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap Game Link Raw - ezcap321 usb3.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 2160p30, 1080p120 and 1440p60 HDMI input and pass-through. - 1080p120, 2160p30 and 1440p60 recording. - Latency less than 50ms uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCap GameDock Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 record at 4K30, 1440p60, and 1080p120}} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap 360 Game Capture Extreme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 USB 3.0, 4K 60FPS passthru and 1080p 240FPS}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCAP 364 GameDock Extreme 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genki ShadowCast 1 & 2, the Pro version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HAUPPAUGE HD PVR Pro 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 4K in/Out 1080P 60fps Capture and Streaming PC Connected and Stand Alone }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kondor Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nanjing Magewell Electronics Co ltd USB 3.0 XI100DUSB-HDMI Pro Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB3.0 Silver HDMI Full HD Video Capture Device 1080p 32011 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 usb audio extract HDMI embedded audio output via headphones}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI PLUS 2K 32040 320400000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 captures video up to 1920×1200, 1920×1080 or 2048×1080 at 60 fps over an HDMI capture from devices such as game consoles in up to DCI 4Kp60 4:2:0 input resolution, and it automatically upscales/downscales the signal to 2K for recording or streaming}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI Gen2 32060 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 1080p gets hot, 165M HDMI receiver, max input 2048x1080 60fps 4:4:4, RGB/YUV 4:4:4 8/10/12-bit, YUY 4:2:2 12-bit, up to 8-channel 24-bit HDMI-embedded audio at 192kHz, HDMI 1.4a, output from 480p to 1080p, YUY2/UYVY/RGB24/RGB32 support video cropping, up/down scaling, de-interlacing, aspect ratio conversion, color format conversion, frame rate conversion, flip and mirror, up to 2-channel IEC60958 audio streams, 5V 0.5A 2.5W, }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K Plus 32090 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 limited by the bandwidth of USB 3.0, the maximum frame rate can only reach 30 fps when capturing}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell Pro Convert IP to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Captures one network eth NDI® High Bandwidth, NDI® HX2, NDI® HX3 sources or H.264/H.265 video source into software at resolutions up to 1080p60}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Fusion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|versatile USB video capture device that allows users to switch between two HDMI inputs and one USB webcam input for live presentations}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND UVC-01 USB Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc. MiraBox HSV321 ARX321 Video Capture device | <!--Vendor ID-->ox1bcf | <!--Product ID-->0x2c99 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGREEN CM716 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| uvc uac but disable HDCP on your source device (PS4/PS5, Xbox) }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionTek UVC HD60 Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Aspire Crystal Eye AOA110 AOA150 0.3M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2008 webcam }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer CAM 313 (PW313) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2019 uvc 1080p/30 webcam}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2021 uvc 1080p/60 webcam}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/webcams/creative-live-cam-optia-af-review-49294183/ Creative Live Cam Optia AF] 2.0M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR macro extensions + a cheap 50mm E-Series lens + some PVC tubing and a negative holder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera chosen}} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR scanning using a macro lens, for the adapter, for a 3d printed negative holder) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera used }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C270 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C910 C920 HD Pro 5Megapixels 720p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C920s c922 HD Pro 5Megapixels 1080p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Brio 100 300 500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MX Brio 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|4k}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft's LifeCam HD-3000 HD-5000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID--> 0x0779 | <!--Revision-->1.06 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Cinema | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Studio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} sony imx179 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Pi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1/2.8” Sony IMX291 image sensor, it's a 2MP, UVC-compliant, ultra-wide-angle, low light, high-speed USB 2.0 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} OV5648 |- | <!--Description-->razer kiyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 4 megapixel sensor 1080p 30fps 720p 60fps - 12 led ring light adjustable |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet C068 1.3mpixel HTD USB2.0 Camera Vimicro Z-Star Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0AC8 | <!--Product ID--> 0x3420 | <!--Revision-->0x01FA | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->YEALINK(XIAMEN) NETWORK UVC50 is compatible with the UVC 1.1 protocol CP960-UVC50 and CP960-UVC80 kits PTZ, CP960-UVC30 Kit is UVC 1.5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amcrest ProHD 1080P WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera - 1080P (1920TVL), [https://www.ispyconnect.com/man.aspx%3Fn%3DAmcrest IP2M-841] nvr | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} h264/rtsp, motion detection, features Sony image sensor and Ambarella processor - rtsp://[username]:[password]@[IPaddress]:[port]/cam/realmonitor?channel=[channel]&subtype=[stream] - [username] - username to login to the DVR or NVR, [password] - password, [IPaddress] - IP address of the device. If you are not on the same local network, this should be the external IP address of the device's network, [port] - port number, [channel] - channel number of the stream, [stream] - view the Main or Sub stream. (main stream is 0, sub stream is 1) , eg. rtsp://admin:admin@192.108.1.108:80/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=1 - utilizing RTSP ( rtsp://user:pass@ipcam1 ) |- | <!--Description-->Axis all modern ones | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg or MJPEG over HTTP |- | <!--Description-->PTZ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->DLink DCS-5222 5222L network camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} camera streams H.264 over RTP controlled by RTSP |- | <!--Description-->Dlink DCS900 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Wansview 1080p [http://marc.merlins.org/perso/linuxha/post_2013-11-10_Reviewing-IP-Webcams-for-Linux-and-Zoneminder_Dlink-DCS900_-Ubnt-Aircam_-Foscam-FI8904W-FI8910W_-FFI9820W_-FI9821W_-Wansview-NCB541W_-and-Zavio-F3210.html#NCM625GA NCM625GA] IP Camera WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera , Full HD Plug n Play Home Surveillance / Baby Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg - play its HD stream without problem with vlc rtsp://ip/live/ch0 and getting jpegs http://ipaddr/mjpeg/snap.cgi?chn=0 - methods involve transcoding h.264 video from the camera into jpeg's, which is cpu intensive - able to pull images manually, using http://username:password@ip/mjpeg/snap.cgi - |- | <!--Description-->Wansview NCB541W | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Game Capture HD C281 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2011 standalone h.264 recording of up to component cable not hdmi but not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia GL310 Live Gamer Portable (LGP Lite) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working usb2 and USB Lite no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable ([https://github.com/Trouffman/octv_gears_lgp Model C875]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 usb2 no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX Live Gamer extreme GC550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2015 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX2 Live Gamer extreme2 gc550 plus gc551 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia ExtremeCap UVC - BU110 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 maybe not uvc and uac}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable 2 Plus GC513 Micro-USB Capture Box LGP2 Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1513 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 powered by a standard Micro-USB cable, video capture output up to 1080p60 capture to hdmi in, standalone sd card recording on exFAT or FAT32 of .MOV, 2160p pass-through hdmi out to tv - no vrr - [https://www.avermedia.com/uk/support/download#ans_part firmware latest 2.1.7.13, 2.1.7.14], SN74AVC8T245 8bit, DRV604 stereo, iTE IT6663FN hdmi 2.0 splitter, TLV320DAC3101 DAC, CS42L73 audio codec, CDCE913 PLL clock, W29N01HVSINA nand bios, I-Catch V35MA SOC CPU 32bit MIPS24K, ADV7480 hdmi mhl, }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer 4K LG4K GC573 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc but [https://github.com/derrod/lg4k-linux drivers here], }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Blackmagic intensity Extreme Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->BlackMagic Intensity Pro 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2015 }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Video Capture (1VC108601000) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD GCHD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc https://github.com/tolga9009/elgato-gchd needs firmware mb86h57_h58_idle.bin and mb86h57_h58_enc_h.bin}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60S Elgato Game Capture 4K60 S+ Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|non uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->August EZCap.tv model 116 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} poor audio recording |- | <!--Description-->E-SDS Diamond Maplin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1212 HD PVR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} analog and component only - PlayStation (.m2ts), AVCHD (ts), or XBox(.mp4) recording formats - switched the component output from the default YPbPr to RGB. |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1431 1445 HD PVR Gaming Edition HDMI Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working, can get warm}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD Rocket | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD-PVR2 (model 145210 Rev E4) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xE502 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1480 1482 HD PVR 2 GE Gaming Edition HDMI Capture green LED - 1498 1503 1504 Plus version with Mac support | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe514 0xe524 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| can get warm - [https://ez.analog.com/video/w/documents/581/adv7482-design-support-files ADV7482] [https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9201075/ video chip] with Magnum DXT H.264 encoder blob, IDR keyframe generation poor - best for model 157210 and not 157221 and Game Edition Plus (model 157320) 2040:E505 E505-00-00AF1234 [http://www.hauppauge.com/site/support/linux.html#tabs-3 ]}} * HDMI: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480i, 720x576i, 640x480p60. * Component: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60*, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480p60, 720x480i, 720x576i. * Composite: 720x480i and 720x576i * Audio Inputs : HDMI PCM and RCA support with Adjustable Bitrate Quality 2 Channel AAC/AC3 audio codec |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1512 HD PVR 2 PC blue LED with optical in input on the back | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe525 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} can get quite warm - IR Blaster added - |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge Colossus2 E585-00-00AF4321 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe585 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion SLIDES2PC 35mm Portable Slide & Film Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion Pics 2 PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->ION PowerScan USB film and slide scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Koolertron Sunny | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->FilmScan35 35mm Film Negative Scanner 1304 marks spencer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->U3 HD Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD - Game Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} put in usb2 slot and use video BGR3 (Emulated) and OpenRazer drivers |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD USB HDMI Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x0d01 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| not uvc compliant}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Silvercrest 35mm Photo Slide Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc but not great quality}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Traveler TV 6500 SF Dia-scanner | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0ac8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3370 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 not uvc and poor scans}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- |} === AR VR XR Headset === AROS needs realtime isochronous transfers in EHCI and XHCI, then an usb based uvc.class to vhi type driver for virtual display and maybe more The primary engineering challenge of VR is motion sickness caused by a mismatch of visual and inner ear information, which is extremely well established as causing people to throw up in a wide range of contexts outside of VR. The experiences that make some people sick are low framerate. Foveated rendering doesn't solve vergence accommodation. Your eye will still be focused at infinity regardless of where you are looking, you'll just have the illusion that the foreground or background are out of focus. Eye tracking plus dynamic lenses (perhaps liquid lenses) or real light fields are necessary. First start with apps that have simple static features at first, then advance to dioramasa and teleportation options for 10, 20 minutes and then gradually upgrade over a timespan of four weeks to train your brain. Avoid smooth motion stuff like rollercoaster or mountain heights until much later. Even with this preparation, VR makes 40% of people seasick nausea. If so, you may be able to use VR glasses just to watch videos and some slow moving apps [https://www.emuvr.net/ emuVR] instead. *2014-2019 1st Gen, low resolution, *2020-2025 2nd Gen, higher resolution, *2026- Most hardware typically has a 1-3 year retail lifespan with 1-3 years of updates after. Really need "right" tethered PCVR rather than wireless. The advantage to being tethered to a PC is processing power. Any standalone headset is going to be running purely off of batteries. VR and AR are known as XR Technology will get immersed enough so not making people sick. Higher resolution, faster frame rates, and [https://github.com/opentrack/opentrack better tracking]. Eventually, hyper reality brings VR, AR and MR digital layers together as a less chaotic, optic tracking with no delay, agents understanding, experiences with objects 3Dgs 4Dgs gassian splats bullet time slice photo snaps .ply for WebXR [https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/hardware/ ], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Big Screen Beyond 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 pcvr 2560 x 2560, fixed IPD, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 @75Hz 2688x2688 @90Hz over pancake lenses, 116 FOV, virtual screens, custom facial plate from iphone app, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, no passthrough, 107g-196g, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 total up to 90Hz pancake lens 116 FOV adjustable IPD app needed for adjustment, eye tracking, custom face mask cushion, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, seperate head strap and speaker modules extra costs, 110g-300g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Dpvr P1 Pro 4k Ultra Vr Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 wireless snapdragon, }} |- | <!--Description-->DPVR P2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream MR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android modular 3840x3552 uoled per eye 90Hz or qled mura issues, Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, eye tracking and 11 cameras 7 sensors 22 ir leds 14ms latency and foveated rendering, 1.5hrs battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream GravityXR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 ultralight head gear gx100 3w }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/community/ Valve Index HMD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 tethered PC VR headset 1440 x 1600 120Hz, 108° and 104° FOV, fresnel lenses, SteamVR2 compatible tracking ir basestations, controllers aka Knuckles, dp 1.2 and usb3 cable proprietary cable end, no battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Valve Steam Frame (Valve Deckard / Valve’s Index 2) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 - 2160 x 2160 up to 144Hz pancake lens, 108° and 96° FOV, wifi 6 fovelated streaming, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 with [https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX fex] arm-to-x86 x64 translation layer, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 PCVR with adapter, two, one for each eye, 2000 x 2040 resolution OLED panels from 90Hz 120Hz refresh rates, fresnel lenses, 116° and 102° FOV, sony proprietary headset cable end, needs additional comfort options, }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionPro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goertek glasses | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive ? | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| 2016 2x 1080x1200 needs external power supply, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Original | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 108° and 96° FOV}} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 , uvc, at least 2 powered steamvr basestations so 3 to 5 wall warts in total, proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 dual 1440x1600 oled displays, 116° and 100° FOV - steamvr 2.0 basestation 2 for 5m2 area 4 for 10m2 - steamvr 2.0 joypads - low latency wireless later - type USB-c headphone adapter required, [https://github.com/CertainLach/VivePro2-Linux-Driver Rust on Linux] with [https://github.com/santeri3700/vive-pro-2-on-linux Shell], proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 company liquidated, 2 x 2312x2160 110 FOV pancake lenses, LynxOS android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen, openxr 1.1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://www.virtual-boy.com/forums/t/the-oculus-rift-dk1-thread/ DK1] with [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_T4DJyy2Bo wired razer hydra controllers] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2013 pcvr LCD 1280 × 800 resolution 640 × 800 per eye up to 110° FOV, and 3DoF rotational tracking via a 1000Hz 9-axis IMU (Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer), no positional optical tracking either inside-out or outside-in, 380g, nausea issues, , }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://github.com/facebookarchive/RiftDK2/tree/master DK2], [https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Oculus+Rift+Development+Kit+2+Teardown/27613 ifixit teardown] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 pcvr, 5.7" Super AMOLED display with a resolution of 960 x 1080 per eye 100° field of view, 1 usb Positional Tracker DK2 camera, lots of wires}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook [https://github.com/thaytan/OpenHMD/tree/rift-kalman-filter Oculus Rift CV1] [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] [] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/issues/330 AMD usb issues] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/wiki/Xorg ] [https://github.com/Doc-Ok/OculusRiftCV1Camera Live Video] [https://www.youtube.com/@thaytan Youtube] [https://github.com/Fredrum/riftOnLinux Pi] [https://github.com/OhioIon/riftDriverPi ], but not quite there with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSsCN6HFkWc consumer CV1], [https://forum.dcs.world/topic/142259-cv1-not-working-in-dcs/#comment-2878168 orange led could be HDMI Signal is not within HDMI Spec and might be Overclocked or usb3 not getting enough power frustrating], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x3031, 0x2031, 0x0031 and 0x0211 for 3p-a basestations lighthouses, 0x045e 0x02e6 for xbox wireless adapter | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 powered run from your PC maybe uvc via wired dual PenTile OLED 2160x1200 (1080x1200 per eye) @ exactly 90Hz but screen door effect (space between pixels), 87 FOV, IPD from 58mm to 72mm, good 3D audio and okay mic, constellation headset 6DOF (3-axis rotational tracking + 3-axis positional tracking) with up to 3 usb infrared basestation (1 in front and 2 behind pointing upwards) on usb3 and usb2 to your PC but the tracking can be fragile so set it up on a weekly basis, wired only HDMI 1.3, USB 3.0 bus powered with proprietary plug in headset, 470g 1lb front heavy, 2 robust 1st Gen touch controllers with external sensors i.e. outside-in - 1 aa alkaline over rechargable battery each , press occulus and B buttons for 2 secs to connect, headset traps air so gets very warm inside and random disconnects due to twisting action on the top of the headset and/or cables, t4 torx screws }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Go 32Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 discontinued 2020 android based, 1280x1440 per eye 60Hz LCD, not gaming, no inside-out and limited self tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Oculus Rift S [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0051 headset (cdc, audio, tracking data), 0x2052 usb hub, | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 PCVR wired dual LCD 1080 by 1200, 88 horizontal FOV, display port (fibre optic strands) and annoying USB3 copper cables (power, audio and other data) but proprietary port in the headset, cameras on the headset ("inside-out") tracking so no base stations, non removeable head band and cushions and ipd hard to set, requires specific fragile Rift S/Quest1 2nd Gen Touch controllers which has a ring of translucent plastic with leds inside - t5 torx to disassemble for sticks drifting}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest 1 *032Gb *064Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0183 (single adb boot), 0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 android standalone wireless, 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, front heavy though, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, low clocked Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 (MSM8998) (4x Kryo 280 Gold cores ARM Cortex-A73) + (4x Kryo 280 Silver A53), 2 to 3 hrs play time, 575g, 2nd Gen touch controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 2 KW49CM aka Codename Del Mar [https://www.meta.com/en-gb/help/quest/967070027432609/ fragile 3rd Gen Touch controllers] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgejky8ZeoM internal battery] and selling over 20 million, more than all other quest headsets combined *064Gb *128Gb (110Gb free) *256Gb Setup continuous wifi, create Meta Oculus account, [https://developers.meta.com/horizon/ verify dev account, click on My apps], [ create Organization -> My Organization Groupings], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPInS5xxF-0 finally, meta quest mobile app to switch on adb], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x5010 (), 0x0083 (massstorage), 0x0086 (), 0x0186 (adb and xrsp [https://github.com/shinyquagsire23/xrsp_tests tests]), 0x0090 (composite adb), 0x0081 (), | <!--Revision-->0419 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 android stand alone, lcd 1832x1920 per-eye 90Hz refresh rate, 97 FOV, fresnel lenses, 6DOF (degrees of freedom), 58-63-68 IPD settings, low clocked Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 1 apps with Meta Link cable USB-C usb3.2 pcvr maybe, b/w but no color passthrough, 6 t2 torx and 5 ph00 screws in headset (long bit), discontinued December 31, 2024, feature updates until December 2026, critical bug fixes and security updates until December 2027, 470g, Oculus + B button on right controller (move) and Menu + Y button on left controller (click) for about 3 seconds, 10W 5v 2a, RTL8153 chipset usb support, *V60 unable to *V77 pcvr issues *V79 unable to }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest Pro aka Codename Seacliffe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 android standalone wireless 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, 106° and 96° FOV mini lcd local dimming, pancake lenses, limited eye tracking, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, higher clocked snapdragon xr2 gen 1 arm cpu Arm apps, 1 to 2 hrs play time, new pro controllers with 3 cameras each, battery at rear, wireless charging, color passthrough, 9V 3A or 5V 3A, *v77 capped wifi }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 3 aka Codename Eureka [ Air Light ALVR] or [ WiVRn] with fragile touch plus q3 controllers *128Gb *512Gb streaming from PC with [https://github.com/alvr-org/Monado-ALVR ALVR], runtime of [https://monado.freedesktop.org/ Monado steamvr alternative openxr openVR], with Envision GUI, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 standalone, pancake lenses on lcd 2064 x 2208 res panel per eye 1200ppi - 104° and 96° FOV - up to 120Hz, Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 apps, foveated rendering, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, headstrap clamshell or halo style, speaker arms fragile, color passthrough, 510g, 18W 9v 2A or 15W 5V 3A, *v74 ok }} *v76 pcvr issues }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Quest 3S aka Codename Ventura *128Gb *256Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 cpu, lcd 1832 x 1920 fresnel lenses, 97 FOV, headphone arms fragile, better air flow, no promixity sensor inside, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, passthrough, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Boba 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 ultra-wide 180° x 120° FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Tiramisu | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 µOLED displays with 90 pixels per degree, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 5K Super Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K-X 8KX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Light | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 2160 x 2160 4k 120Hz, 115° and 96° FOV, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, variable qc and customer service, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Super | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 3640 x 3640 4k 90hz, 116°+ and 100° FOV, eye tracking, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air with Lighthouse(s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 tethered 3840 by 3552 @90Hz micro oled with pancake lens, 100 HFOV 96 VFOV but FOV IPD changes in app, link box for headset 2 split y cables, removable face gasket, 290g, steamVR2 bases and controllers, eye tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air SLAM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) tracking inside-out so no base stations, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://somniumspace.com/ Somnium VR One VR1] [https://portal.vrgineers.com/user-guide/software/ open source] VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr 2880 x 2880 per eye @90 @120Hz, 125° horizontal 100° vertical FOV, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 bases, passthrough, 900g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero VR-1 Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 psu needed, 2 x Mini LED binocular of 150 nits, 2880x2720 per, 90Hz, FOV 102° horizontal, 73° vertical, 720g with headstrap, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 basestations, no speakers/mic, hdmi and usb3.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Camelo La Melaza Music Shield | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 no usb only bluetooth , }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->InAir 2 elite suite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar nits 46FOV , , 4h battery life, 80g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oakley Vanguard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 100in 46FOV 650nits, usb-c 79g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3S Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 135in virtual display 46FOV 1200nits, usb-c 80g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AR oled vision 4000 processing, HDR10, 47 FOV }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid Max 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 50 FOV 650nits, usb-c back left, 76g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid AI Spatial with Station 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 600nits 147in 50FOV 75g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ar ai smart glass}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 135in 46 FOV 1000nits, magnetic connector, 77g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE XR Luma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 1200p 50 FOV, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 152in 52 FOV 1000nits 1200p, 3dof, , 79g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 in FOV, 2 cameras, 3dof 6dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wheaney/XRLinuxDriver Viture Luma Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Beast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 1250nits 58FOV 174in, magnetic, 88g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE Beast X Glasses models (Immersive 3D Moonlight) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 based 2D to 3D conversion with support DP Alt Mode (DisplayPort over USB-C), 1200p, 3df tracking, practic lenses 58deg POV, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xreal One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 600nits, 50FOV, 3dof, usb-c 84g, }} |- | <!--Description-->XReal One Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 700nits 57FOV 171in, usb-c, x1 3dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , micro-oled 1080p, audio, virtual uvc ar displays, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Real3D 1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AI based 2D to 3D conversion 57 FOV, , virtual uvc ar displays not vr, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xiami XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xtal 8k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Apple Vision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 tethered AR mixed reality glasses, 3300ppi, 800g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Google XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 standalone }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 android with 2 1440 x 1600 75Hz amoled, inside-out, durable motion controllers, Vive port, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 dual-OLED displays 2880 x 1600 combined resolution), SteamVR 2.0 tracking, foveated rendering, Tobii, it enables gaze-based menu navigation with avatar eye contact, proprietary cables, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 poor tracking and lifespan on controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2020 1440x1700 per eye resolution, 90 Hz refresh rate, 6 DoF tracking, 2880 x 1700 combined pixel resolution, 97° FoV, two controllers and two base stations. Lighthouse tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Vision Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 per-eye resolution of 2448×2448 at 90 Hz, a 120-degree field of view, Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive XR Elite VR Headset Deluxe Pack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 snapdragon xr2 gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pico Goblin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 android based, 2.5K 1280x1440 per eye @70Hz, 92° FoV, and 3DoF (three degrees of freedom) tracking (Orientation tracking only—yaw, pitch, roll), single controller, snapdragon 820, ipd adjustment 54-71 mm, 600g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico G2 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 android standalone VR headset, 3840 x 2160 (4K) LCD screen, Snapdragon 835 processor, 3DoF so rotational movement (looking around, pointing) rather than positional movement (walking, leaning), does not support hand or eye tracking, 800g }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico NEO 2 EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 6DoF 360g snapdragon 845 display 4k 75Hz tracking inside-out - magnetic field for controllers - pico software on android 8 - eye tracking }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 Snapdragon XR2 Gen, 4K 3664 x 1920 90Hz lcd, battery at rear, displayport, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Link | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160x2160 panel per eye 75Hz 90Hz 105 FOV, Arm snapdragon xr gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160 x 2160 @90 105 FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, streaming from PC with alvr, wireless streaming from PC with WiVRn, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, not plug and play, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 5 aka Project Swan aka Vision Pro Competitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 micro-oled BOE 3840 x 3840 4000ppi per eye, MLA pancake lenses, custom pico arm cpu, pico os 6 android, eye and hand tracking, 300g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy XR VR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 3552 x 3840 @60-90 109 FOV , Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall MeganeX 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 android }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8k MeganeX Superlight 8K] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android (3552 x 3840 pixels) into pixel count yields 27.27MP 10-bit HDR-compatible 4K resolution micro OLED panels @90Hz, pancake lenses 94 FOV, SteamVR™ tracking, 180g, 5V 2A, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8kmk2 MeganeX 8K Mk2 MkII] [https://github.com/sboys3/CustomHeadsetOpenVR community] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr linux, 4K per eye (1.35inch micro OLED 3552x3840 10 bit HDR) 27MP @90Hz 75Hz 72Hz pancake, upto 108 hor 100 vert FOV, usb-c and dp cables to breakout box, 5V 2.1A, 200g}} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Windows(TM) MR AH101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Dual 2.89” LCD panels 2880 x 1440 combined (1440 x 1440 per eye) Up to 90Hz (HDMI 2.0), or 60Hz (HDMI 1.4), Field of View FOV 95, Tracking Inside-out, lots of light leak, }} |- | <!--Description-->Acer H7001 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 wmr 1440 x 1440 per-eye resolution @90Hz refresh rate, and 100-degree field of view FOV, inside-out tracking with front-mounted cameras so no external sensors, flip-up visor design but has a "screen door effect," subpar foam padding, win10 to win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Dell Visor Mixed Reality VRP100 VR118 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 2x 1440x1440 a bit of nose light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujitsu | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 cheap and lots of light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/HadesVR HadesVR] with [https://github.com/ManoloMancelli/Persephone-Classic-Controller Persephone Controller] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFaVjB1uNOM Persephone 3 Pro DiY 6Dof SteamVR Headset], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Reverb G1 VR1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 WMR 2160 x 2160 @90Hz, 115 FOV, , hp proprietary headset cable end, 2 camera tracking but poor and controllers can be unresponsive, 500g front heavy, flight sims rather than gaming, }} |- | <!--Description-->HP 1440p Spatial Computing | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dim display }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://forums.x-plane.org/forums/topic/294764-vr-in-linux-without-steam/ HP Reverb G2] WMR VR3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 2 2160 x 2160 90Hz, needs Windows10 or Win 11 24H2, 4 camera tracking, controllers can be unresponsive, hp proprietary headset cable end, , }} |- | <!--Description-->HP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Mirage Solo is a Standalone VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Qualcomm Snapdragon 835, 1280x1440 per eye resolution, 75 Hz refresh rate, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo Explorer VR2511N (G0A2) VR windows mixed reality (WMR) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 LCD 2.89" 1440 x 1440 per eye @90Hz, 6 DOF position tracking, 400g, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/relativty/relativty open source relativty] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey XE800ZAA WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 9V 500mA oled screens 2x 1440x1600 with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey+ Plus WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dual 3.5-inch AMOLED displays 2880 x 1600 total @90Hz, 6DOF inside-out tracking with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required, use only win10 or win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 2x 1080x960 up to 120Hz, lots of cables and computation brick, sony camera needed for tracking, ps4 or move controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|1992 , , Amiga 3000 with TI chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuix Omni | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 VR treadmill changed course to commercial VR and pivotted back again 2020, }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === HDMI CEC transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === TV Remote Control MCE IR transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Compro K100 K300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elitegroup Computer Systems | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1019 | <!--Product ID-->0x0f38 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GMYLE MCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|acts as usb-hid with limited keyboard like controls }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge WinTV-PVR kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Harmony 300 i300 600 650 800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft MCE Commander | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2005 need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 home top of square shape direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2006 home under circle spaced direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1069 SMK Manufacturing, Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0609 | <!--Product ID-->0x0334 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2007 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips RC1974506/00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0471 | <!--Product ID-->0x0815 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE10E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AR21M VGX-XL100 VGN-AR21B/AR21S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE20E PC REMOTE CONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE30E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AW21XY VGX-TP3E VGX-TP3G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE50E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGC-LA2R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TSDX-IR14 USB MCE Media Center External Infrared IR Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->chipsets support CIR (consumer IR) Winbond W83977F/AF, SMC IrCC 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|technical reasons it's not possible to use USB IrDA dongles}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zotac RC2604323/01G Zbox Media Remote Control with IR USB Receiver OVU710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Anycubic Cobra 2 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs A1 Mini 3D printer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 EMS proprietary slicer app and cloud use, eSUN}} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lulzbot | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Prusa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Qidi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Snapmaker U1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tool changer }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sovol SV08 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| open source voron model, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==ethwrap.class - Host Data Link "Cable Bridge" for data transfer== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Advance USBNET (eTEK design) | 0x0525 | 0x9901 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ALi Uli M5632 (chip) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Aten (Ali Corporation) UN201 | 0x0402 | 0x5632 | | {{maybe|force binding from rawwarp to ethwrap}} |- | Belkin (eTek design see below) | 0x050d | 0x0004 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Digitus DN-3004 - USB Host Link | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | EPSON USB client | 0x0525 | 0x2888 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | eTEK | 0x056c | 0x8100 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | KC-190 | 0x050f | 0x0190 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB | | | | {{no|no driver the half-duplex GL620USB is NOT supported, products using it include the Inland Pro USB Quick Link}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB-A | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Laplink Gold (uses NetChip 1080) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Prolific 2301/2302 (Jaton USB ConNET) (BAFO DirectLinq) | 0x067b | 0x0000 and 0x0001 | 0x0004 | {{maybe|detected but untested}} |- | Xircom PGUNET (uses AnchorChips 2720) | 0x0547 | 0x2727 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==cdcacm.class - USB modem== The CDC ACM driver exposes the USB modem as a virtual serial modem or a virtual COM port to the operating system. The driver enables sending both data and AT commands, either through ACM (separating data and AT commands over different channels) or through Serial Emulation (passing the AT commands as is and as part of the data stream). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Alcatel OT-I650 | 0x1bbb | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Acatel Dymamode/Dynamite | 0x06b9 | 0xa5a5 | | {{N/A|untested Zyxel Prestige 630-13 - untested PROLiNK Hurricane 8000 external link }} |- | AnyData ADU-100A ADU-E100A ADU-E100D ADU-E100H D10 | 0x16d5 | 0x6501 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-310 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-500A ADU-510A ADU-510L ADU-520A | 0x16d5 | 0x6502 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-610 ADU-620 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BT On-Air USB MODEM | 0x079b | 0x000f | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM CX93010 | 0x0572 | 0x1321 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM RD02-D400 | 0x0572 | 0x1324 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant Chipset | 0x06ea | 0x0002 | | {{N/A|untested AUS N367 Roadster II 56 USB (Model AM5050R3) - untested }} |- | [http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/ Conexant AccessRunner] | 0x0586 | 0x330a | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Creative Modem Blaster USB DE5670 | 0x1690 | 0x0101 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FIREFLY, MediaTek Inc | 0x0e8d | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Huawei E122 | 0x12d1 | 0x1446 | | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=49126#forumpost49126] |- | Huawei E160, E160E, E160G | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=51888#forumpost51888] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6246) |- | Huawei E169 also known as Vodafone K3715 and Huawei K3715 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4941&forum=4&post_id=44683#forumpost44683] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200) |- | Huawei E220 "Vodafone EasyBox II" "T-Mobile wnw Box Micro" also known as Huawei K3565 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{yes|works, see E169 above (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6280)}} |- | Huawei E1750 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6290)}} |- | Huawei E170, E172, E176 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | Huawei E180 | 0x12d1 | 0x1406 | | {{yes|Works (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | KYOCERA AH-K3001V | 0x0482 | 0x0203 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | LG CU515 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | MediaTek Inc GPS | 0x0e8d | 0x3329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Metricom GS Modem | 0x0870 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola MOTOMAGX phones | 0x22b8 | 0x6425 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola Q Phone | 0x22b8 | 0x7000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hummingbird huc56s (Conexant) | 0x0572 | 0x1329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Netcomm Roadster II 128 ISDN | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia n70 N95 HSDPA | | | | {{yes|works - see [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=4415&viewmode=flat&order=ASC here]}} |- | OGO | 0x045E | 0x0079 | 0090 | {{no|no driver}} |- | Olitec ADSL Modem V2 | 0x08e3 | 0x0100 / 0x0102 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Onda PT502HS | <!--Vendor ID-->0x19D2 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | Radicom V92HU-E2 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung i8510 Innov8 Symbian smartphone | 0x04e8 | 0x6651 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Samsung Tocco Lite (aka GT-S5230) | 0x04e8 | 0x6795 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Shiro / Aztech USB MODEM UM-3100 | 0x0572 | 0x1328 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1602 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1608 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM - new version | 0x0ace | 0x1611 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Zoom Telephonics Model 3095F USB MODEM | 0x0803 | 0x3095 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ugobe Pleo | 0x6962 | 0x0100 | 0x0100 | {{Yes|Works}} |} ==Misc== palmpda.class - no [http://aminet.net/package/util/libs/PdaLinkPoseidon pdalink.library and tools] in AROS Palm PDA (discontinued) synchronisation requires a port of pdalink.library and its tools through virtual usbpalm.device. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Palm IIIx (OS3.1) serial rs-232 only | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm IIIc (OS3.5) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm V | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m100 | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m125 first USB - last with aaa batteries | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m500 (OS4) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Tungsten T (OS5) first arm cpu | 0x | 0x | 0x | {{no|no }} |- | Zire 31 (OS 5.28) color arm-based | | | | {{no|no }} |- | [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring Visor]] – USB support out of box | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Handspring Treo 600 – last one for [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring]] | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Treo 700w | | | | {{no|no }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} bluetooth.class - needs Bluetooth (Viking King Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson; Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) stack to work (not written due to licensing fees to use the symbol merging the Younger Futhark runes for H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ), representing Harald's initials) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} ccid.class - Chip/Smart Card Interface Devices (not implemented) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->cyberJack RFID basis | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C4B | <!--Product ID-->0x9102 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} dfu.class - DFU firmware upgrade {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 3, 4, 5, 5c | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1290 0x1292 0x1294 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 32bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 5s, 6, 7, 8, X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 64bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio/Midiman USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPad 1, iPad 2 A1395 A1430, iPad 3, ipad mini A1432, iPad A1458 4th Gen (MD512LL/A), | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2008-2013 32bit A4, A5 up to Apple A6X, iOS 1 to 10, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air (1st generation) A1474, A1475, A1476, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2014-2015 [https://github.com/AsahiLinux 64bit], A7, iOS 11 up to |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit A8, A8X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit A9, A9X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit A10, A10X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 64bit A11 |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air 3rd Gen A2153, A2123, A2154, iPad Mini 5th Gen, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit A12 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} RocketTool (USB Rocket Launchers - Toy missile launchers) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Original Launcher and StrikerII (includes laser) | 0x1130 | 0x0202 | | {{yes|works }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Missile Launcher or USB Cirus Cannon | 0x1941 | 0x8021 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Webcam Missile Launcher | 0x1941 | | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Rocket Baby | 0x0a81 | 0x0701 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} DRadioTool (FM Radios - USB radio devices D-Link/Gemtek) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link DSB-R100 USB | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | 0x0410 | {{yes|works }} |- | [http://www.neoseeker.com/forums/383/t257009-link-usb-dru-r100-radio/ GemTek USB FM Radio 21] | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} UproarTool (Valencia MPX mp3 player and others) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Korean D Square Valencia MPX-Player | 0x04e8 | various | | {{N/A|untested }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIuT7rJgc8w with unlocked android bootloader], <pre> Kill and restart the server a few times sudo adb kill-server sudo adb start-server And finally type in sudo adb devices adb devices Lists connected devices adb shell Opens a terminal shell on the device hollywood:/ $ su id df -h top ls -la ls sdcard ls sdcard/Android ls sdcard/Oculus wm size cd .. cd data/system look inside bad Corejava folder cd data/system/etc/init look cd data/system/app cd /data cd /dev/block adb shell pm disable-user --user 0 com.oculus.nux.ota adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d com.oculus.tv -e uri com.android.settings/.DevelopmentSettings com.oculus.vrshell/.MainActivity Don't change your Oculus account password after doing the FB account bypass. You'll break the log-in session, and have to factory-reset and start over adb shell 'setprop debug.oculus.cpuLevel 5 && setprop debug.oculus.gpuLevel 5 && setprop debug.oculus.adaclocks.force 0 && setprop debug.oculus.phaseSync 1 && settings put global always_finish_activities 1 && settings put global wifi_scan_throttle_enabled 1 && settings put global window_animation_scale 0.25 && settings put global transition_animation_scale 0.25 && settings put global animator_duration_scale 0.25 && sync' settings list --user 0 secure or global or system user_setup_complete=0 adb shell screenrecord adb shell reboot adb install <path_to_apk> Installs an app like adb install -g -r alvr_client_android.apk or adb install -r app.apk memtester lsmod adb command to enable hand tracking, possible, but root access is required adb root oculussetting --set hand_tracking_opt_in 1 hand_tracking_enabled 1 adb push <local> <remote> Copies files to the device adb pull <remote> <local> Copies files from the device pull them using CFB, extract original apk using LL adb forward tcp:9943 tcp:9943 (Used for advanced, such as ALVR streaming) adb shell pm disable-user --user 0 com.oculus.partnercustomization Enterprise versions adb reboot Performs a standard system restart adb reboot bootloader Restarts the device into fastboot/bootloader mode adb reboot recovery Restarts the device into recovery mode adb reboot download Reboots Samsung devices into Download Mode adb reboot fastboot Directly enters fastboot mode [https://gist.github.com/pantasio/3d0eb4bb03a1e696aae8696f60730859#file-enable-usb-debug-adb usb dev debug adb] </pre> {{BookCat}} figkg269m3v0rca8akt565on5s7tuv7 4633804 4633803 2026-05-03T09:50:47Z Jeff1138 301139 4633804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} ==Host Adapter Protocol USB1 OHCI UHCI USB2 EHCI USB3.0 USB3.1 xHCI == Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, use Prefs/Trident to confirm Vendor and Product IDs Please chat at [https://www.arosworld.org/index.php AROS World] *1996 USB1.0 *1998 USB1.1 *2000 USB2.0 *2008 USB3.0 *2013 USB3.1 *2017 USB3.2 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/rom/usb AROS has these USB transfers] *Control - *Bulk - Midi 1.0 ( 'send my data when you can' ) *Interrupt - Midi 2.0 *Isochronous - USBAudio, Webcams, etc (wip) Isochronous is the starting point of modern types of multimedia creativity. IsoChronous isoc code is already in place in poseidon.library and '''scheduled''' transfers are queued to be later rerouted in the host driver code (needs to be written for each host protocol e.g. OCHI, UCHI, EHCI and [https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/625472/625472_xHCI_Rev1_2b.pdf#:~:text=Page%203.%20Document%20Number:%20625472%2C%20Revision:%201.2b.%203. XHCI rev1.2], [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/868296/extensible-host-controller-interface-for-universal-serial-bus-xhci-requirements-specification-r2-0.html rev2], etc). There seems to be 2 types of isoc transfers, one is just the normal isoc transfer and the other is realtime implementation of isoc transfer. For isoc transfer there needs to be a scheduler that makes sure no isoc transfers are dropped (in or out) and that they happen at the right time. It all gets difficult as the device making use of the isoc transfer may be at any point on the device tree. One needs to calculate the USB bandwidth for the packet based periodic transfers that are initiated by the host which have fixed but guaranteed bandwidth. Host controllers guarantee this bandwidth by planning a schedule of transfers ahead of time to ensure there is enough time reserved on the bus. [https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/products/docs/io/universal-serial-bus/ehci-specification.html EHCI] [https://www.thegoodpenguin.co.uk/blog/understanding-why-usb-isochronous-bandwidth-errors-occur/ bus-bandwidth] vs payload-bandwidth and the algorithm of the EHCI scheduler. The bandwidth of the endpoint in terms of payload data (stuff we put in a packet) and the protocol overhead, signalling imposed bit stuffing, host delays etc. Poseidon controls the driver and device tree and it provides an API to communicate with the USB devices. Poseidon really doesn't care much about what sort of transfer pipe is opened or used, it only provides the means to do so and forwards the iorequests to the correct driver. Poseidon code is the higher level code for USB communication and drivers are of course the lower level one. [[File:Psd.svg|220px|right]] ; Best Hardware - NEC Chipset (OHCI + EHCI), Intel Chipset (UHCI + EHCI), ; Early support - [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/03c5252d962941a56c816a9f2315134362089349 XHCI USB3.0, USB3.1 & gen 2 Type-A Type-B Type-C] ; Next Best Set - General OHCI, SIS (OHCI + EHCI), ; Buggy Chipset - [ Early AMD OHCI], ALi OHCI, VIA UHCI, Nvidia OHCI & EHCI, === USB1.1 === OHCI USB 1.1 - USB-IF sanctioned standard but hardware physical form removed with USB2.0 and replaced with virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 M5237 Lucent USS-312 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | StarTech PCI425USB, CompUSA Iogear GIC220U-b, Nvidia 220 mobo, USBA2041P, ALi SU2A-PS, |- | AMD 756 Chipset (onboard motherboard) | 0x1022 | 0x740c | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=31308#forumpost31308 usb devices detected] Geode GX1, |- | CMD DU-A2 Silicon Image 0670 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0670 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Silicon Image 0673 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0673 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | 0x10de | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe|Bios options vary but does with Plop Boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Tested with 20th Aug 2012 improvement |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk}} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | untested - Amiga Spider card with possible bottleneck issues at higher speeds |- | NEC µPD720101AGM 720101GJ | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x43 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Mac mini, Belkin F5U219vea (2+1 ports), Belkin F5U220vea1 (4+1 ports), Adaptec 3100LP, BAFO BF-460, GWC UC-160, IOGear GIC250U, Keyspan U2PCI-5, O'toLink U2-C2B U2-C2A U2-P20N U2-P50, Ratoc PCIU5, USBWholesale UII-PCIP |- | NEC µPD720102 | 0x1033 | 0x00 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Opti 82C861 2-port | 0x1045 | 0xc861 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no USB devices detected - Belkin F5U005, |- | SIS 7001 OCHI | 0x1039 | 0x7001 | 0x0f | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 20th Aug 2012 - not booting stalls on GRUB word with Plop Boot |- |} UHCI USB 1.1 - Intel standard but since 2009 no hardware support as USB2 introduced virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | Intel | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|not in bios use AROS floppy disc boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82371AB EB MB PIIX4 | 0x8086 | 0x7112 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|none in bios use other booting options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|Detects most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led not on and does not work}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBL/DBM (onboard i830 mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24c4 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes|but not from bios but floppy options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Works-->{{Yes|}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on and although device has software failure and recoverable error IT STILL WORKS. Fresh start sometimes needs Network Prefs Saved to work. |- | VIA MVP4 (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x30 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless options}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 detected but blue led not on and does not work |- | VIA VT82xx (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless usb}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on but does not work |- | VIA VT6202 (VIA VT83C572) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | A-Best USB-200, Cables N Mor USBPCI, CompUSA, D-Link DSB500, Digital/Research DRUSBCARD, Kouwell IOFlex 580, StarMount USB VIA, |- | VIA VT6112 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x61 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 2011 seems to have issues with other identical via based USB controller(s) present |- | VIA VT6214L | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 2.0 EHCI === The USB-IF insisted on only one implementation of EHCI but it creates 4 virtual hcd to cover USB1.1 support. The virtual HCD on Intel and VIA EHCI controllers are UHCI. All other vendors use virtual OHCI controllers. Hardware EHCI USB2.0 ended in most chipsets in 2014/5 and is now virtual through most newer USB3.0 chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 Lucent USS-344 | | | | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested}} belkin F5U006, |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBM (onboard mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24cd | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x00E0 | 0x | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested - Amiga Spider card}} |- | NEC 72101 GJ | 0x1033 | 0x00e0 | 0x04 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Belkin F5U219 VEA1 (pci), |- | SIS ECHI | 0x1039 | 0x7002 | 0x00 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|issues about which port is used if it works at all}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6202 | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | 0x62 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|detects}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 3.x SuperSpeed SS (Speed 5Gbit/s 3.1 gen 1) aka xHCI eXtensible === USB Attached SCSI (UAS or UASP) is a protocol used for high-speed data transfer between computers and external storage devices like SSDs, HDDs, and some flash drives. It provides up to 70% faster read/write speeds than traditional Bulk-Only Transport (BOT) by allowing multiple commands to run in parallel, rather than waiting in a queue {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1000 FL 1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B73 | <!--Product ID-->0x1000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->link power management (LPM, USB 3.0 power saving) cannot be disabled so random connection issues |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1009-200 FL 1009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1009 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->Orico PFU3-2P |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1100-100 FL 1100SX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1100 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->LPM cannot be disabled so issues with disconnecting WD drives etc - CalDigit, ORICO PFU3-2P, FASTA-6GU3 Pro, inatech KTU3FR-2P 2 port USB 3.0, and Inateck KT4004 (KTU3FR-4PA rev B2) for storage and hubs, etc |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1400 FL 1400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1400 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720200 uPD720200a chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1d6b | <!--Product ID-->0x0194 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|no USB3 but seems to works like USB2}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported for USB3 but works like USB2 - ORICO PRU3-4P 4 Port USB, early Dell Wyse zx0 thin client, |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720201 uPD720201 chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x114 0x0115 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720202 uPD720202 chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1912 | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ti.com/product/tusb7340 TI] tusb7340 TUSB732 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x8241 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported Koutech IO-PEU436 but only one with open docs |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported - integrated since Ivybridge |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL800 xHCI 0.96 support in VL800, VIA VL811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x3432 0x3438 0x3515 and 0x9201 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} 2.0 backwards support | <!--Opinion-->Anker 68UPPCIE-2S20PU 2 port, Plugable 4-Port, GA-z77x-ud5h rev. 1.1 mobo, |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL811+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL812 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->xHCI 1.0 support in VL805 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} USB 3.1 (power up to 100W and data 10Gbit/s USB 3.2 gen 2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1142 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Connector: USB Type C and USB Type A x 1 - Ugreen USB C PCI Card 2 Port USB 3.1 Type C |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 1.8 1.9 Updated | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->AUKEY 4 Ports USB C , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->Startech - PEXUSB312C - 2-port Usb 3.1 10Gbit/s |- |} USB 3.2 (power up to 100W and data 20Gbit/s gen 2x2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 2.6 Update | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} === USB 4 (40Gbps thunderbolt, pcie 3.0 tunnelling, ) === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->AMD Ryzen7 6800U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->Intel Goshen Ridge JHL8440 Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | |- |} == hid.class (Human Interface Device) == === Keyboard === Some multi-finger touchpad support works but not on all touchpads {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Retro N C64 edition Keyboard, the super button accessory and optional N30 mouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 87 keys Kailh white}} |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo 108 Retro Mechanical Keyboard (white kailh) and two superbuttons (green) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05ac | 0x0205 | 0x0122 | {{yes|works (its two hub ports) but mouse scroll wheel issues}} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05AC | 0x020B | | {{yes|works (two onboard ports also)}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Aigo K68 60% red switches, A68 A87 wireless 2G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=973 AmigaOne Keyboard] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko TAC87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 80% TKL }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko MonsGeek FUN60 PRO&MAX HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 60% hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 98% maybe silent linear feel with Two-color PBT keycap}} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X68HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Azio Cascade | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND104 (Wuque Studios) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 premium clicky (WS Blue) or silent (WS White) key options with Ansi and ISO formats also numpad and calculator, aluminum machined, tri mode, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K65 Mech MX no numeric keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair CH-9000045 K70 Blue MX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cherry G80 G80-3000L[x]C[yy]-[z] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cooler Master CM Storm Quickfire Rapid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K100 Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 okay low profile but expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dell SK-8135 Dell USB Keyboard for Internet and Multimedia rev H for Dimension 4500, Dimension 8250, OptiPlex GX260n, OptiPlex GX60n, Precision 350 (R42232) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x413C | <!--Product ID-->0x2010 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes| usb1.1 keyboard hub 0x413C 0x1003 works as well - multimedia keys not mapped }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Deepcool KG722 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 65% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Channel Zero DK2108 Mech Mechanical Cherry MX Red | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Shine 3 Brown or Blue (DK9087) MX keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Das Keyboard Model S Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Cidoo V75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker rt100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 plastic build and no screws, numpad with small 0, mostly quiet seasalt switches, gimmick usb-c 1in screen}} |- | <!--Description-->EPOMAKER TH99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} USB-C full numpad keyboard |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker P75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker p87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Leobog Hi75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Feker Galaxy80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 gmk/via | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget version good 75% choice of 4 leobog switches}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Tide75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% and not too expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK820 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK35I V3 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 104 keys - two models: wired and tri-mode connection - }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F108 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pricy but okay 100% but only leobog graywood switches but hotswap available afterwards}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Ajazz AK980 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 97 keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker G87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT82 RT85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT100 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Filco Ninja Majestouch-2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Focus FK-760 Wireless Keyboard & Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} but quality build issues raised |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->GMMK Tenkeyless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades}} |- | <!--Description-->GK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->GMK67 GMK87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested budget good option}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hengchangtong HCT Limeme gk103s Entry Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0xC0F4 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|half Keyboard left side only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested hotswap kaihl green switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix mq80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 good 75% low profile keys |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix Magi65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 65% low profile keys }} |- | <!--Description-->iqunix ez60 ez80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested specific hall effect switches - actuation point, rapid trigger, etc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Jomaa YiChip Wireless 50% key with touchpad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x3000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|dongle detected, keys and pad not working - 2 AAA NM}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested numpad only}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 v1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested okay}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q6 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 75% with numeric numpad, barebones so choose switches and keycaps to suit }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 MAX V1 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Lemokey P1 QMK | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested best option to customise switches and keycaps}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron LemoKey X1 X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested keycap swap only not switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K2HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested okay}} wireless hall effect analogue on all keys |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K4HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested hall effect but software }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K5 K17 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested okay low profile but }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K10 HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kiiboom Breeze 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 good 75% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Meletrix Boog 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 magnetic hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Melgeek O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 low profile 75% but not repairable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->MOSART 2.4G Wireless 60% Keyboard Trackball | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062a | <!--Product ID-->0x4105 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|dongle recognised HID, keys worked, roller worked, scroll wheel works and shoulders works but buttons around left, top and right hand side (RHS) do not work and plastic and 2 AA MN1500}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Mucai SiGma Micro MKA610 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1c4f | <!--Product ID-->0x0084 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| unknown red keys - rgb backlighting - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://hjldemo.clsc.cn/ Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Ltd] Perixx Periboard 505 Plus with Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard - poor trackball}} |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Co., Ltd Perixx Periboard 706 Plus with Trackball Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|generally okay dome with good sized keys but piano black surround fingerprint magnet, occasional brief trackball freezes after no use, takes some time to get used to the trackball size}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard-716 Wireless (Chicony) | <!--Vendor ID-->04f2:1013 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard and trackpad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo SK-8825 41A5327 SIL12-W07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works manufactured for |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lite-On USB NetVista Full Width Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04b3 | <!--Product ID-->0x3025 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K320 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech USB Unifying, Bolt, Lightspeed, or Nano receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K340 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> [http://www.logitech.com/en-us/product/wireless-touch-keyboard-k400r Logitech Wireless Touch Keyboard k400] | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x046D | <!--Product ID--> 0xC52B | <!--Revision--> 1201 | <!--Opinion--> {{yes|All (including multimedia) keys work. Some keys requires remapping with Trident. Touchpad works and acts as normal mouse. Presents itself in Trident as USB Receiver from Logitech with 3 HID bindings}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 Plus K400+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G915 TKL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard TKL means no number pad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Lite84 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Flow Lite100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 silent switches and low profile keys}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MACHENIKE K500 Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 94 keys untested Hot Swappable 94 Keys 90% Layout }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MechLands Vibe99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 100 keys untested Gasket-mounted Wired/Bluetooth/2.4GHz Wireless Mechanical Keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Comfortable Curve 2000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Wireless Media Desktop 1000 (1356) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x00f9 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|working but not mouse part}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Niz Micro84 Duo82 X87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 electro capacitive }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy gem80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy kick 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 low profile 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy Air75 V3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy node 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 96% layout, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-50 MK-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Chroma | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0203 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://openrazer.github.io/ Razer] Lycosa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow 2013 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razr Blackwidow Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Cynosa Lite V2 | <!--Vendor ID-->1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x023f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer DeathStalker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer HuntsMan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ornata | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Orbweaver Chroma Keypad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0207 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Tartarus Keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested not hall effect and very expensive}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K668 RGB Gaming Keyboard Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys Upgraded Hot-swappable Socket，Red Switch}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K689 PRO Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested Gasket RGB Gaming Keyboard, 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys, Upgraded Hot-swappable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 75% mechanical, hotswap so okay for price untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Royal Kludge RK65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested cream switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SINO WEALTH Gaming KB SkyLion K68 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x258a | <!--Product ID-->0x003a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| blue stalks with rgb lighting}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SKYLOONG GK104 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested gateron }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet x300 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MosART | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x4101 | <!--Revision-->0312 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|1 AAA for each and works well - mouse slightly better built than keyboard rubberised membrane}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X331 HDE 2.4G Keyboard wireless RCMCU | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C45 | <!--Product ID-->0x7000 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|wireless can be glitchy but few extra keys are mapped }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X500 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MOSArt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x2901 | <!--Revision-->0112 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works well especially large touchpad - usual rubber domed membraned keyboard mechanism }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tecware Specter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 75%}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Unicomp Model M USB 104 key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} IBM's and later Lexmark buckling spring switches |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Minilo Bluebell (prestige silent) and Eculapytus (violet tactile) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 75% plastic build no screws not great to mod}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Sword 68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo 98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 expensive but good and Kailh silent}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Choice65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Lucky65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush80 Reboot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 very good but expensive Aluminum Hotswap Wireless RGB}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% but not as expensive CNC Aluminum HMX/JWK/Cocoa Switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wooting HE60 HE80 HE90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 hall effect but expensive with good software}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Womier WK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk71 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xenta White Wireless HK6718B+HM3302--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works with Raspberry Pi untested on AROS native}} |- | <!--Description-->Xinmeng X87 MAGIC_REFINER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 untested keycap swap but not hotswapable switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL66 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| milk switches, cherry PBT, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi B75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget good with cocoa cream switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|good budget option with swappable switches, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi C75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 budget good with switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} <pre> linear - creamy tactile - thocky clicky - clacky </pre> <pre > Cherry MX Black are linear switches (no feedback); good for gaming. Cherry MX Red are linear (less noise no click) but more squishy; Cherry MX Brown are in between Blue and Red in style and tactile; Cherry MX Clear switches have soft tactile feedback (with no click). Cherry MX Blue have tactile feedback with a click (noisy); good for typing. Gateron Yellows KS-3, KS-3x47 or better Pros have a milky top and black bottom and linear TTC Silent Frozen v2. Linear and dead silent Mouse the huano brown with yellow dot for silent mouse clicks Kailh red dust proof encoder for smooth and close to silent scrolling Boba U4 Silent Tactile switches Husky linears HMX </pre > === Mouse === if the USB mouse is non-functional put a USB pendrive in before or add the following to user-startup in '''s''' drawer/folder/directory sys:prefs/trident NOGUI > NIL: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Brand ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" | Model ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->[http://www.3dconnexion.com/products/spacenavigator.html SpaceNavigator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->SpacePilot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceExplorer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceMouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->3D Optical | <!--Description-->Wired | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0000:3825 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin | Combo mouse | | 0x05FE | 0x0011 | Low 0100 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Cytec | <!--Description-->Wired Mouse Gaming | <!--Model-->R.A.T 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dell | Mouse | MO56UC | 0x413C | 0x3200 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->equatech / clone logitech | <!--Description-->wireless mouse | <!--Model-->49779 / M185 | <!--Vendor ID--> 3151:2020 later 3151:3020 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{Yes|detected and works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hama | RF Optical Mouse | AM-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keycron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling and 16k dpi }} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested barebones 1k polling and 16k dpi, great for small hands, loud clicks}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->LogiCAD 3D | <!--Description-->3D Mouse | <!--Model-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Logitech | Cordless Desktop Navigator | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | Logitech Inc. | First/Pilot Wheel Mouse | N48/M-BB48 M-BE58 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Logitech | Wireless mouse | [http://www.logitech.com/en-roeu/mice_pointers/mice/devices/5484 M305] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Logitech | Wireless RF Mouse | MK710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->MX Master Anywhere 2S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|untested}} micro USB charge port on front |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M220 silent | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Logi | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 3S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|2021 untested usb-c bluetooth, inbuilt battery but muted clicks}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G502 X Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 4 MXM | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Bluetooth usb-c dongle, inbuilt lithium battery}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Brand | Description | Model | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion--> |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8566 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8518 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->OrzerHome Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8514 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1 aa with no on/off switch }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wheel Mouse optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Sidewinder Mouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | IntelliMouse Explorer USB optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wireless Optical Mouse 2000 | | 0x045E | 0x00F9 | | {{no|not working see keyboard Media Desktop 2000 above}} |- | <!--Brand-->Microsoft | <!--Description--> | <!--Model-->1461 1447 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|usb dongle matched to one mouse only no others}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Orochi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Mamba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Naga | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} 17 buttons |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB Optical | <!--Model-->Naga Hex V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} MOBA Gaming Mouse, Professional Grade 16,000 DPI Sensor - RGB lighting |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->DeathAdder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Viper | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Basilisk V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling, 35k dpi, }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Trust | Slimline Lasermouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | SteelSeries | Tobii EyeX EyeMobile PCEye | Eye Tracking Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} gaze interaction track technology for augment augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->The Eye Tribe Tracker | <!--Description-->Eye | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description-->USB Optical Mouse | <!--Model-->MV3000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x192f | <!--Product ID-->0x0916 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |} === Trackball === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->3Dconnexion SpaceBall 5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} Labtec designed and rolled into new company 3dconnexion 2001 by owners Logitech |- | <!--Description-->ACCO Kensington Orbit optical F1233A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kensington Turbo Mouse 64210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Clearly Superior Technologies. Model:CST 1000-RC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Trackman Marble Mouse Wired USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Trackman Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Optical Trackman T-RB22 - Cordless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech M570 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Trackball Mouse Optical 1.0 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft X05-87473 Trackball USB Optical | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === KVM === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->NanoKVM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === Gamepad === Controllers have mostly decided that the left analog joystick is keyboard equivalent of WASD and right joystick is your mouse. You also have 2 bumpers above the triggers. Shoot could be right trigger (so it doesn't involve taking your thumb off the right joystick). Face buttons for reloading or jump or other non-critical functions. Crank up the sensitivity and practice. Testing can be done with the TRIDENT Prefs, [https://devicetests.com/controller-tester html5], [https://greggman.github.io/html5-gamepad-test/ html5], or [https://gamepad-tester.com/ Tester] ==== Dinput Poseidon Default Plugin - Playstation(TM) style ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Bat D2E BTP-BD2E XD4D2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gravis Eliminator Gamepad Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID-->047d | <!--Product ID-->4005 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2d only |- | Hama Black Force USB Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 psx clone look |- | <!--Description-->Jess Tech Game Elements Philips GGE909 PC Recoil Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCbAmIhj6P4 Logitech Wingman Precision USB] G-UC3B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A| }} | 2002 no 3D but good for 2D retro games like Turrican II |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Action Pad G-UB3A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 1 blue lucid translucent - thin analog stick N64 type - |- | Logitech Wingman RumblePad UB05B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc20a | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untesed }} | 2000 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded blue piece - vibration feedback - single shoulder buttons with throttle control below right one |- | Logitech Wingman Cordless RumblePad G-RA4A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc211 | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | 2001 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded black piece - vibration feedback - dual shoulder buttons L1 L2 R1 R2 with blue throttle control below right one - 4 aa mn1500 batteries; life not great - C-UD10A usb dongle - overall big and bulky |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Precision Wired G-UG15 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Precision G-X2E14A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 ps2 styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G-X5C11A Cordless Precision Wireless Controllers | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling black outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/logitech-dual-actiontm-gamepad/ Logitech Dual Action] * G-UD8 has no mode (2D only?) button and no rumble * G-UF13A later | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc2 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 G-UF13A tested only]}} | 2003 New body shape psx style - dual analog 3D sticks - 4 small travel shoulder triggers no 5,6,7,8 |- | Logitech RumblePad 2 G-UF13 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc218 | 1.00 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | 2006 light blue top/black base - twin analogues 3D along with dual short travel shoulder buttons - rumble present - |- | <!--Description-->[Logitech RumblePad 2 Cordless] * G-RC?? OLD version that take FOUR batteries and RED Logitech logo * G-RC14 uses TWO batteries has an ORANGE logo - dongle C-UE10 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->0x0200 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|mostly}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 may have to remove 1 battery - G-RC?? 5 + 7 buttons - G-RC14 use buttons 6 + 8 to reset sticks - replace battery and push large button on receiver - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F310 Wired Dual Action G-U0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|D mode switch}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog 3D with pc-xbox/psx switch on back (only D works) - both rear shoulder RT LT buttons have excess travel - no rumble vibration - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F510 Wired G-UG0002 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog with dual xbox pc/psx X/D switched compatibility modes - |- | Logitech F710 Wireless / Cordless RumblePad 2 G-R0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | 0xc219 | 3.05 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | When switch on top set to D and nano receiver for each controller to pair - 2 aa mn1500 batteries required - rumble support sometimes - rear back shoulder buttons excessive travel needed |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Megaworld 'TIME' USB pad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0735 | <!--Product ID-->0x9902 | <!--Revision-->Low 0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No |}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 Poor quality |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft * SideWinder Precision Pro USB (1997) * SideWinder Precision 2 (1998) * Game Pad Pro (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Game Pad USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{yes| }}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{yes| }} | <!--Opinion-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=5934#post_5931 must setup first] |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Gamepad X04 Freestyle | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A }} | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} 1998 might need USB adapter |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder X05 63895 92626 Flight stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|2000 [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=929.msg11309#new tested]}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Flight Stick X08-58736 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Plug & Play Game Pad (2000) SideWinder Joystick (2000) Game Pad 2.0 (2001) SideWinder Force Feedback 2 (2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 long-standing static buildup problem and Force Feedback 2 was the removal of the power brick |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | Saitek [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps1000/ PS1000 Cyborg V.1], [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps2700-rumble-pad/ PS2700] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG0v-hf6ZPA P2600] [http://compactiongames.about.com/od/hardware/tp/gamepads.htm P3600], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek P2900 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested but runs on 1 AA battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sony Batoh PS3 mini USB Wired hookup [http://ps3.jim.sh/sixaxis/usb/ SIXAXIS] *PCB Ribbon Notes *Protos ALPS MSU Rev3 M3 and the later CBEH-1019 *? SA1Q135A for sixaxis *PP4 *V2 *V25 *VX SA1Q146A first dualshock 3 model *VX SA1Q147A CECHZC2U (USA) *VX35 SA1Q159A *VX3 SA1Q160A *VX? SA1Q188A *VX4 SA1Q189A shipped with a CECH-2504 datecode 0C *VX5 SA1Q194A changed design ALPS, PS button changes *VX6 SA1Q195A red case, *VX7 SA1Q222A superslims 2 ribbons *VX8 SA1Q224A superslims 2 ribbons | <!--Vendor ID-->0x054c | <!--Product ID-->0x0268 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|}} | <!--Opinion-->Sometimes detected but no support - no sixaxis features detected - mini usb lead will have varying results - |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS4 *JDM JDS 001 010 011 *JDM 030 040 055 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS5 Dual Sense | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speed Link Strike 2 FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Firestorm Dual Power 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 only 1 axis joystick only]}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-1500 GM-1520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 M series Aluminum Metal Joystick Hitbox Controller Arcade Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 T series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 G series Gamefinger G12 G13 G16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> plastic - |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 S series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> thinner and lighter than G series |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mad Catz sf2 fightstick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Datel Paewang Arcade Pro Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F300 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F500 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Pico Flatbox GP2040-CE Hot Swappable Mini Hitbox Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> default it is configured for PS4 but before plugging usbc cable in, X for Dinput, B Xinput, RT HID - plastic build case - Rev4 based on RP2040 chip and firmware is based on GP2040-CE (Community Edition) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Shenzhen Onebitdo Tech 8bitdo Fighting stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Venom 8 button | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==== Xinput Xbox Style Plugin ==== 2018 extension added originally called AROSx but later redacted. Latest [https://github.com/medusalix/xone linux driver] might be useful. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate C Wired 82CB (Shenzhen ONEBITDO TECH - GWOWO) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3106 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 - 4 t6 torx screws - non hall effect so drifting issues - triggers go faulty often - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C Wired Controller 82CD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x310A | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - HID keyboard assigned - 4 t6 torx screws - hall effect analogs and triggers - 1000Hz polling - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - 400mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad poor for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo ULtimate Mini Wired Controller for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 *Wired Controller *Wireless *Bluetooth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect - playstation style layout for pc - slide button for S-A-D-X switch, android, dinput or xinput - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 tmr hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2026 - mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ace Aurora | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks with no deadzone mode, gyro, linear rumble, trigger stops, back paddles, button swap, macro, turbo, RGB LED effects - tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Beitong Spartan BTP-2270U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Asura 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect - noble linear trigger potentiometer and alps shoulder LB/RB micro switch |- | <!--Description-->BEITONG ASURA 2 Pro+ Game Controller Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beitong Zeus 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BebonCool Dinofire Model Number: Q218 / TP28 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 - triggers aren't progressive but ON/OFF - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers - tri mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX Wireless Controller PC PS3, 9013pro ESM-9013PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 linear hall effect but device sometimes will not connect tried multiple attempts with the dongle |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY MICRO SWITCH - Bumpers Tactile switch Hall Effect analog |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect analog and triggers - membrane buttons - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX S10 Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 TMR Hall effect and compatible with Switch 2/PC/Phone/TV/Steam, NFC, Gyro, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->202 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fantech World EOS Pro WGP15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect trigger and sticks,2 back paddles, motion controlling |- | <!--Description-->Fantech EOS PRO II S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 controller with TMR hall effect analogues, mechanical face buttons and D-pad, 63 input macro, back paddles, turbo - analog triggers with trigger stops - tri mode bt wifi and wired - slide switch on back for switch, macos/android and xinput - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 the Pro(Hall Effects) and Non-Pro (No Hall) |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 hall effect sticks and triggers - poor wifi connection - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons with gold contacts - 800mhA battery - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Dunefox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 basic model hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons - 500mha battery - no gyros - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 5 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 - hall effect stick with tension control, linear triggers, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir T4K Keleid, T4C Cyclone wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 poor to ok switch |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no|| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - switch type layout |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Chicken Run Network Tech Nova Lite GameSir-T4n LITE - Zikway HID gamepad *[https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 4200 seems to be xbox so B then Home for Xinput (green LED), A then Home for HID BT Android (green/yellow LED), Y then Home for Switch Pro (Red LED)] or X then Home for Wifi and start and select to alternatively swap modes * and if on [https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 5700 ds4 so Home + B (blue LED), ] * firmware 6900 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3537 | <!--Product ID-->0x1040 0x1041 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect 3d nubs - no usb-c cable - rubber membrane analog trigger travel and bumpers shoulder buttons - wifi 2.4G and bluetooth - xbox layout so ab and xy might need to be swapped via m and a buttons for switch type [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po-nNuC5fps fixes video] - 250Hz polling - 600mah battery - rigid carry case - poor d-pad esp diagonals - gamesir settings software only on android 6+ or ios based only - |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova 2 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 SE Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir TEGENARIA T3 Lite Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 playstation aesthetic hall effect analog and membrane buttons - X+Home button connects as an Xbox controller |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Cyclone 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR Joysticks with anti-friction rings and metal anti-friction rings around the stems, gyro, rumble, macro, turbo, 2 back paddles, hall analog triggers with micro-switch trigger - tri mode bluetooth, 2.4GHz wifi and wired, 1000hz polling rate - gamesir connect software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 Pro for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR hall effect - hall effect triggers, tri mode connection - gamesir nexus software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Super Nova Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect sticks and triggers, 1000Hz polling, tri mode connectivity, |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 NS08 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Electromagnetic Stick hall effect - hall linear triggers - Mechanical face buttons - wired and wireless - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 PRO NS09 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall efect - wired and wireless - Mechanical face buttons - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong MAX 3 KK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall effect - wired and wireless - lithium battery - |- | <!--Description-->Gulikit KK3 Max USB-c Bluetooth Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Hall Joysticks and Triggers, Maglev/Rotor/HD Vibration, 1000Hz Polling Rate, 4 Back Buttons, |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KK3 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 smaller version of KK3 MAX - hall effect analog and triggers, face buttons , maglev rumble, gyro, 4 back paddles - rigid case - 950mAh up to 8 hrs - |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hyperkin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hori EX2 Turbo UHX3-45 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G1 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Wireless Gaming Controller with 1K Polling Rate Hall Effect Trigger Joystick For Nintendo Switch PC iOS Android |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G5 Pro Wireless Gaming Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY Switch Membrane, Bumpers Tactile switch and hall effect analog |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->microsoft sidewinder precision pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | 0x045e | 0x028e | 0x | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|needs specific driver and has poor 2D control pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Microsoft (R) [https://blog.tkjelectronics.dk/2012/12/xbox-360-receiver-added-to-the-usb-host-library/ Xbox 360] (TM) Wireless Receiver for Windows(R) Model 1086 and Controller | 0x045e | 0x0719, 0x or 0x0291 | 0x0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{No|separate standalone usb dongle detected and shows as 8 vendor interfaces but no class associated and so not working - may need new class from code from xpad or xboxdrv to work the controllor}} |- | <!--Description-->Xbox 360 Kinect [http://hackaday.com/2010/11/10/kinect-open-source-driver-demo-and-hacking/ Video] [http://git.marcansoft.com/?p=libfreenect.git;a=commit;h=7655fcf7239ba4907654089dba535a196685dbe5 GIT] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 proprietary 2.4GHz RF protocol, |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One wireless controller newer model with the 3.5mm headphone jack 1537 1697 and microsoft adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02d1 or 0x02dd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e3 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 ok - |- | <!--Description-->Xbox later models 1708+ Xbox One and Series use 5GHz and use Bluetooth, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ea 0x02fd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 2 Core | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 ok - no hall - 125Hz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Minisform MGP01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MOBAPAD N1HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 has liquid silicone face buttons, hall effect analog, D-Pad swap, two back paddles, USB-A dongle, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad Huben 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Gale 墨将 mòjiāng | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Blitz PRO 2 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON now MOJHON AETHER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks, hall effect triggers, mechanical bumpers, 1000hz polling rate, mechanical D-pad, membrane face buttons, mechanical back paddles, rumble, deadzone issues - tri mode |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MSI FORCE GC20 GC30 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 not hall effect |- | <!--Description-->MSI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mytrix Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NACON GC-100XF Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 average |- | <!--Description-->PXN P5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect joysticks & triggers, limited trigger stops, 1000hz polling rate on wired, 4 back paddles, 32 macro record, anti-deadzone mode, RAW mode, gyro, turbo, tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->PXN P50L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->PowerA | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Stellar T5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Junior E5 Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Razer Wolverine V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RetroFlag | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speedlink XEOX Pro Analog Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->enclosed lithium battery? - xbox layout - switchable on back of controller to directinput (dinput) or xinput - USB dongle switchable to pc and ps3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Instinct Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 good |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Envision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Steel Series Stratus Duo XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->usb adapter needed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/Inputlabs InputLabs Alpakka Open Source and build yourself] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY it with 3d printer, pcb and components - pi pico needed - 2 gyros for better accuracy - |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/kapybara Inputlabs kapybara] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY one handed version wip |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vilcorn Z03 BT Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - other Bluetooth modes (green, red, blue, purple, etc.) Select + M1 (or M2) - 400mAh - not great latency wired - 800mhz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd ultimate legend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+ elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+excellent | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} <pre> #ifndef AROSX_LIBRARY_H #define AROSX_LIBRARY_H #include <exec/types.h> #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0x00 #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_GAMEPAD 0x01 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP 0x0001 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN 0x0002 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT 0x0004 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT 0x0008 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_START 0x0010 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_BACK 0x0020 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB 0x0040 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB 0x0080 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER 0x0100 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER 0x0200 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_A 0x1000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_B 0x2000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_X 0x4000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_Y 0x8000 struct AROSX_GAMEPAD { ULONG Timestamp; UWORD Buttons; UBYTE LeftTrigger; UBYTE RightTrigger; WORD ThumbLX; WORD ThumbLY; WORD ThumbRX; WORD ThumbRY; }; #define AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT 0x00 #define AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT 0x01 #define AROSX_EHMF_CONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT) #define AROSX_EHMF_DISCONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT) struct AROSX_EventHook { struct Node eh_Node; struct MsgPort *eh_MsgPort; ULONG eh_MsgMask; }; struct AROSX_EventNote { struct Message en_Msg; ULONG en_Event; APTR en_Param1; APTR en_Param2; }; #endif /* AROSX_LIBRARY_H */ </pre> === Joystick === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CH Products CombatStick 568 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Cyborg X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Extreme 3D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | [Logitech Attack 3 Joystick] | 0x0464 | 0xC214 | 0205 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek X-52 x52 pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek aviator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Speedlink Competition Pro USB | | | | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{maybe|works but games not working "out of the box"}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator QZ 501 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator TH 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust XK 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===[https://github.com/JacKeTUs/linux-steering-wheels Gaming Racing Steering Wheels]=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="40%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/pid1_01.pdf USB PID standard not supported], |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cammus C5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec CSL Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 and Xbox - belt driven wheel - 30cm wheel swapping |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec Club Sport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt $600 £500 system |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FFBeast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius TRIO RACER F1 Racing Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Cheap and cheerful but not great - may need calibrating |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hama PC Racing Wheel Thunder V18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Average |- | <!--Description-->Hori Racing Wheel 3 with pedals | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PC |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logic3 PXU450 TopDrive GT450 Steering Wheel for PS3, PS4, XBox One and PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MOMO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Very good |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Driving Force GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Drive Force Pro DFP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> wheel 900 degree - weighs in at 15&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Formula Force EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->200 degrees turn for the EX model is arcade-like driving - adds PS3 compatibility via the PSx/2 adaptor - weighs in at 9&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G27 PC/PS3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> comes with gear shifter - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G29 PC PS3/PS4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G920 PC XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G923 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft(R) SideWinder Precision Racing Wheel (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R12 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Ultrawipf/OpenFFBoard OpenFFBoard], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simagic M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> base direct drive $900 £800 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simplicity Simwheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> direct |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simxperience Accuforce V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SPEEDLINK Drift O.Z. Racing Wheel with Pedals and Gear Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries Simraceway SRW-S1 Steering Wheel (PC) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Nascar Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari Challenge Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> Poor |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari FGT Rumble GT Experience 3-in-1 (PC/PS3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID-->b658 | <!--Revision-->0102 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Wheel and all buttons detected}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Opinion-->Not great - gear driven 240deg wheel rotation - no psu needed - 2 peddle - flappy gear change - rumble untested - red switch for PC PS3 selection |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster F430 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T500 RS Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> belt driven wheel/rumble for GT5 |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T60 Challenge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T150 Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> gear / belt combo wheel / rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TMX Pro PC/XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> direct drive rumble - no manual gear shift included |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Base level and OK - PS4 - 270deg rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T300 RS GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PS4 - belt driven - 900deg rotation and modular 28cm wheel out - 2 peddles but 3 available |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TX Leather | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->TX Xbox version - 900deg rotation |- | <!--Description-->Thrustermaster TS PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PC only belt wheel |- | <!--Description--> TS XW Racer PC Xbox1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt system |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T-GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 $700 £600 with T-DFB |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Tracer Zonda Racing Steering Wheel PC PS3 Vibration Feedback Pedals Gearbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===Gamepad Joypad Adapters=== * Most adapters will work in most OS's without installing a driver. Special functions needing drivers will be noted. * Some adapters do not work with some [http://www.stepmania.com/wiki/Dance_Pads dance pads] because of voltage issues. Other adapters map the dancemat arrows as axes and not as buttons, causing problems. * If using an adapters should be compatible with '''original''' PlayStation PS/Xbox Xbox/GameCube GC /Dreamcast DC/Sega Saturn SS gamepads. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.maplin.co.uk/psx-usb-bridge-34887?tabid=3&worldid=&doy=21m9&faqitem=playstation%20controller%20to%20pc%20adaptor Maplin] [http://www.rockfire.com.tw/ Padix Co. Ltd. Rockfire] PX-205 PSX/USB Bridge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0583 | <!--Product ID-->0x2050 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes}} but buttons mapped different from others | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|poor}} | <!--Opinion-->Ok with dpads, but very poor support with analogue hack |- | Boom PS Joy Converter adaptor | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | discontinued (2004/5). Hold Up, Start, and Select for three seconds. Very good [http://www.stepmania.com stepmania] recommendation. |- | [http://www.hkems.com/m_main.htm EMS] [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/ps2-usb2.htm USB2] grey plastic box with 2 PSX ports, one on either side - UP and Select pressed for 3 seconds at the same time or the dance code (start+select+up) | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows the PS port works in digital mode on d-pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | Set in PC switch mode. Does not work when using 2 pads at the same time, likely higher power requirements. FPSE emu DualShock untested, Mat and Guitar untested but known lag involved |- | Joytech (play.com) (EMS USB2 bad clone) Black box twin PSX | 0x0b43 | 0x0003 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | but poor on dance ddr mat and guitar hero as the left and right keys do not like being pressed together, Dual shock untested |- | [ EMS Trio Linker ] 1 PSone connection at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued 2005 |- | [http://psxemulator.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=support&action=display&thread=421 EMS Trio Linker Plus] (blue box) 1 PSx at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued |- | Gamtec [http://www.gamestone.co.uk/gradius/guides_usb_smartjoy_guide.php SmartJoy Plus] Lik Sang PS->USB converter Red 2005 | 0x0925 | 0x0005 | Low 0110 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|detected and digital dpad works with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4138&forum=2&post_id=35952#forumpost35952 joystick and testjoystick tests] but the second analog control is not mapping correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue Hack - hardware buggy not useable}} | Dual shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested. Nothing picked up upon plugging it in. Quite common, these items have grounding issues or feed voltage back into the USB host and freeze the host controller, preventing any plugins or removals being detected. |- | Gamtec SmartJoy Plus Dual PS->USB converter Red | 0x0925 | 0x00 | Low | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | |- | [http://uk.gear.ign.com/articles/700/700334p1.html Lik-Sang Super SmartJoy PSX] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX |- | Soyo Kiki Kiky | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | eXcel PSX adaptor shaped a little like a stealth bomber with USB pass through | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Venom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Dragon Plus (Radio Shack) Pantherlord GreenAsia USB to PS2/PS3 converter single black cable | 0x0e8f | 0x03 | 1.07 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | |- | Deal Extreme 2 PSX black cables from 1 USB port | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HDE 2014 Personal Communication Systems Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0810 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Same as single cable above but with black block midway along cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC001 Super Joy Box 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC016 Super Joy Box arrowhead triangle twin PSX] Original was lack with RED Leds. Clones Dilong pu203, Blue HDE Neewer ShineData SD-APS2USB, Red Octane and Black PC Power Box (NS3454) '''embossed circle''' on top | 0x0810 | 0x0001 | 1.06 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows one PS port does not work with analog control at all but the other port does and maps correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works }} | Still available 2013, poor construction though, falls to pieces easily. Dual Shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd [http://www.mayflash.com/pc/pc038/pc038-1.htm Mayflash PC038 Super Joy Box Pro triangle twin PSX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PC006 long V-shaped 4 port PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PRO PC039 PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | Boom PSX+N64 USB converter (purple or blue see through box) (2003/4) - red led for psx and green led for n64 | 0x6666 | 0x0667 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|not detected by Tests/joystick}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue hack }} | Rumble Pak untested |- | [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/TrioLinkerPlus2.htm EMS Trio Linker Plus II] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4753&forum=24&post_id=43102#forumpost43102 ] | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1DC 1GC 1PSX but not for ddr mat games |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC043 clone HuiJia Black twin N64 converter for PC USB | 0x0e8f | 0x3013 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|detected by Tests/joystick though two digital pads have their settings wrong}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works well with middle handle/grip little joystick}} | Rumble Pack untested |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC MagicBox SuperBox 3 | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | untested 1SS 1DC 1PSX } |- | <!--Description-->Lik Sang SmartJoy X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0285 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SmartJoy X2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0289 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC018 Super Joy Box 9 Xbox (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work. Hub(s) 0x0288 detected but 0x0289 xbox1 joypads are not detected as hid let alone as [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62940.html xpad] or [http://pingus.seul.org/~grumbel/xboxdrv/ linux xboxdrv driver] |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC019 Super Joy Box 10 Xbox Twin ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work with the big Fatty Duke or smaller S Akebono controller(s) |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC020 Super Joy Box 11 Xbox Quad ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x0604 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC035 3 in 1 Magic Joy box PS GC Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to NES [http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Standard_controller SPI like protocol] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo Classic USB Pad SNES like | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC044 USB to SNES | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to MEGADRIVE GENESIS Joypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.retrousb.com/product_info.php?cPath=21&products_id=70 USB to 9 pin ATARI RETROPORT style JOYSTICK PORT] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Atari RetroLink 9pin to SB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SLS Sega Saturn USB pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC050 Dual Saturn ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guitar Hero for PC/Mac | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1430 | <!--Product ID-->0x474C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cronus Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BrookX One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Gamecube to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Magic NS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> WiiU |- | <!--Description-->Brook Converter WiiU P3 P4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CooV Xbox One Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * [http://www.bemanistyle.com/forum/f6/best-metal-pad-19066/ Metal dance pads with LEDs] - My My Box Blue Shark (Nexen), Cobalt Flux (CF) (Let's Groove), Red Octane Afterburner, TX-2000, Logic3 (Dance Dance Dance), Gamerose (Stay Cool), * Hard foam mat - [http://www.mayflash.eu/3in1-deluxe-dansmat-ignition-foam-ps2xboxpc-p-5.html Mayflash] FutureMax Deluxe 3 in 1 Ignition, [http://www.gamerose.com/ Gamerose] (Stay Cool), TrinPad orange, * Soft foam mat - Logic3 (PS420N), [http://www.positivegaming.com/index.php?id=36 Positive Gaming Impact], Gamerose Miss Daisys Naki (Stay Cool), Pelican, MadCatz *PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 flex ribbon big source of button/trigger issues with all controllers *PS2 Phat KSA1Q40A (Board), SA1Q33A (Membrane) SCHP-10010 H *PS2 SA1Q42A SCHP-10010 A *PS2 SA1Q43-A SCHP-10010 H The primary axes are either the Control Pad or the left stick. Buttons come in a rough order: face buttons, then shoulder buttons, then Select and Start, then buttons under sticks, and finally Control Pad directions if not assigned to a hat. But the order and number of buttons within a category are unpredictable, as is which button the user expects to use for each action. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Joypad ! width="5%" | HATS ! width="5%" | Button 01 ! width="5%" | Button 02 ! width="5%" | Button 03 ! width="5%" | Button 04 ! width="5%" | Button 05 ! width="5%" | Button 06 ! width="5%" | Button 07 ! width="5%" | Button 08 ! width="5%" | Button 09 ! width="5%" | Button 10 ! width="5%" | Button 11 ! width="5%" | Button 12 ! width="5%" | Button 13 ! width="5%" | Button 14 ! width="5%" | Axes 1 ! width="5%" | Axes 2 ! width="5%" | Axes 3 ! width="5%" | Axes 4 ! width="5%" | Axes 5 ! width="5%" | Axes 6 ! width="10%" | Comment |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | | A (down-green) | B (right-red) | X (left-blue) | Y (up-yellow) | LB (white) | RB (black) | Back | Start | Guide | L3 | R3 | | | | Left X | Left Y | LT | Right X | Right Y | RT | Poor 2D, Good 3D |- | <!--Description-->Gravis GamePad / Original PlayStation Controller | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Red (Sqleft) | Yellow X (X down) | Green O (O right) | Blue (Tri up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | | | | | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Older Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Blue X (down) | Red O (right) | Pink Sq (left) | Green Tri (up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Newer Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Up | Right | Down | Left | L2 | R2 | L1 | R1 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 (analogue Hack) | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> Wish Technologies N64 Adaptoid | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> A | C Down | C Right | B | C Left | C Up | L | R | Start | <!--Button 10-->Z | Pad Up | Pad Down | Pad Left | Pad Right | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- |} Just plug in your digital/analogue joystick or gamepad into USB port. The device will be handled by Poseidon USB stack. Poseidon is the USB stack with Trident adding a GUI (graphical user interface) prefs. the context sensitive page would come up right on pressing the help key inside the relevant window. The manual is in this archive, just in case it isn't in SYS:Locale/Help *How to change joystick mode to analogue? By default a connected USB joystick emulates Amiga digital joystick. To change this behaviour so that the joystick is presented as analogue you need to use Trident preferences application (System:Prefs/Trident). Open Trident and go to Devices on the left hand side (mouse click once on it). Select your controller from the list to the right and then click on Settings button below. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section near the bottom. Find ports which are set to "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB" and change them to "Analogue Hack". Please note that analogue joystick support is an extension of original Amiga functionality, thus an Amiga application must be explicitly written to use it. AROS SDL library uses this functionality, thus all SDL applications that use joystick, can use the analogue joystick feature. The HID class has several options how to handle the input data: * Don't touch: The movement and button data for is not modified by the hid class. This is the default for the ports 0, 2, and 3. * Overwrite with USB: This will kill the original data that might had come from the internal ports and overwrites it with the joypad data for this USB interface. Note well: If you have multiple joypads connected, take care which setting you have selected for each port, because only the last interface with this option will actually send the joypad data to the game. * Merge with USB: This option merges the input data of the lowlevel.library with the USB stream. This only works, if the connected device on the original Amiga ports is NOT a mouse (because then the streams are incompatible). Merging should be the preferred method, because it leaves the original joysticks working. * Disable: Turns off the port for the application. * Analogue Hack: Tells Poseidon to force reporting of analogue data at the port. Please note that this only works with programs that understand the analogue data, because it's an extension to the original lowlevel.library standard made by Commodore. If you want to incorporate this feature in your software, just contact me and I will send you the necessary information. * Rumble Port: As addition to the analogue data, the HID class supports applications and games that want to utilize a rumble pack or force feedback motors in the gamepads. This field selects to which lowlevel port the hid device responds, when attempting to use the rumble pack. Normally, this corresponds to the port that has been set in the actions for the joypad. *How to change joystick port assignment? The low level library supports up to four ports. Port 0 is usually used by the mouse, port 1 is the standard port for joysticks/joypads. By default a connected USB joystick is present in Port 1. To change its location to Port 0 you need to use Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section. Port 1 should be set as either "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB". Change this setting to "Don't touch". Change Port 0 setting to "Merge with USB". Go to "Actions" tab. In the "Reports and collection" select first entry named "Joystick". in the "Usage items" select "X axis". Go to "Performed actions" area. On the left there will be a list of triggers. Each of them should have (port1) in their params. Click on the first trigger and using buttons to the right of the list change port1 into port 0. Repeat this for all triggers and for all items on "Usage items" list. *How to make joystick simulate keyboard keys? With Poseidon it is possible to make the joystick simulate the keyboard pressings. This might enable using joystick for playing games which only have keyboard support. This feature is configured in Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. Go to "Actions" tab. On the right top window select X axis. On the left bottom list select an entry "Digital Joystick, Push left(port 1)". On the panel to the right change "Digital joystick" into "Raw Key". A list of keys will be displayed. Select key you wish to send. Repeat the same procedure for "Digital Joystick, Release left (port 1)" option but this time check "Send key up even instead of key down". Open shell and move your joystick to the left - your selected letter should appear in the shell. *Analogue in Trident Prefs * Open the Trident USB Prefs -> Devices -> Select your joypad -> Settings button -> Action TAB * See some "axis" listed under "Usage items" in the top right of the window. They are your analog stick(s) * Check [x] Track Incoming Events which is half way down the window on the left And you should see some axis activity in "Usage items" when you move the analog stick *Actions HID class item -> Settings -> HID Class Window -> Action Tab -> Action handling area Reports and collections -> Usage Items -> Performed actions Qualifier keys are *special*. You don't only need to create the actual keypress but also modify the qualifiers. Go to the keyboard panel and find the windows menu key by enabling key tracking and pressing the windows menu key. Then assign the right amiga key to it. Go to the actions panel and find the right amiga key (it's called "Keyboard right GUI"). Remember the actions stored there, best write them down in exact order. Then delete them. Find the windows menu item and add the missing qualifier action. Be sure the parameters are exactly the same and the order is right. Set them to Raw, then assign an up and down button for each character, etc. when you change the settings to RAW so you can assign keyboard strokes. it will always say, KEYDOWN or what ever on the left, it never provides and option for key release. The problem still remains though that if I try to assign the Directional Pad (Hat) to Arrow Keys, that things will get screwed up and you either can not move with the directional PAD (HAT), or movements are assigned to the Left Analog, and do not work as they should, it's as if the right and down arrow keys are ALWAYS On, regardless of the fact that I did indeed assign a Key release command to each input. check that by pressing analog directions and see the current values, and the thresholds configured in poseidon to bind them to left/right/up/down. misconfigured too much stuff in the HID settings, you can always go in poseidon->config list entry and delete the config item related to your device (or the HID class setting itself), back to basics. *Rumble in Trident Prefs Open Trident Prefs and click on the Devices option in the left hand window. Click with the mouse once on your gamepad choice on the right hand side and again on the Settings button below. In the new window, select the '''General''' TAB and half way down on the right there is an "Open Now" button in the section "HID output control window". Clicking on that button opens another window (HID Control) with sliders for the two rumble engines inside the controllers and you can test if they work. '''Sometimes clicking that button does nothing, other times it will open the window and say nothing is detected.''' The leftmost two sliders do nothing, the third one has a large rumble effect, and the fourth one has a small rumble effect. ===Graphic Drawing Tablet=== There is a standard in HID for tablets possibly mouse type. If the tablet is HID conforming in that sense, it should work. Aiptek does a fairly good job at this. The other competitor, Wacom, didn't pay too much attention to this and simply adapted their legacy serial protocol into HID in a very awkward way. Older Wacom tablets have worked with the special support in the HID class, but not the more recent ones. to use graphic tablets fully, applications need to be written that make use of the AmigaOS NewTablet events (which AROS has) * Entry level - A6 (6x4) work area * Medium A5 (6x8) A4 (10x7) size (recommended but only a few ie years 2000 to 2003 models supported) * Semi Pro A3 (12x9) * Pro Cintiq * 2005/6 Some support added for Wacom tablets * 2008 Wacom's patent on battery free pens expires {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Micrograf Tabby (late 1980s and early 1990s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->podscat pt 3030 graphics tablet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Summagraphics | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom IV compatible (Graphire, ArtPad, A3, A4, A5 and PenPartner CT-0405-P - Wacom intuos GD-0405-R) Waycom Digitiser II UD-0608-R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Artpad II (KT-0405-R) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AceCad boards | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Calcomp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 8000 - Aldi/Medion MD 9310 and Aldi/Tevion LT 9310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Tablet PC penabled | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based like x61t X60t NC4200 NC4400 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PenPartner * PenPartner 2 * PenStation 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire - Wacom Tablet ET-0405-U UV1.1-1 (Slate Blue) ET-0405UL (lime) (orange) (red) (purple) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0X0010 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|late 90s with A6 size - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511 under Trident prefs. Air pen mouse type movements }} |- | <!--Description--> * Grapphire 2 4x5 ET-0405A-U UV2.0-3 (Steel Blue) * Graphire 2 5x7 ET-0507A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0011 and 0x0012 | <!--Revision-->0110 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 versions - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air pen mouse type movements - mouse EC-120-0K tested}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire 3 * cte-430/w 4x5 pearl sapphire * cte 630 6x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0013 and 0x0014 | <!--Revision-->0314 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 size - [Wacom Support] Xaxis 0-10207 yaxis 0-7423 tip pressure 0-511 and the erase end appears to respond but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | Wacom Graphire 4 * cte-440/B Blue cte 440/s Silver 4x5 * cte-640 6x8 cte 640 u 0403 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 and 0x0016 | <!--Revision-->403 | {{Yes|A6 and A5 work area detected [Wacom Support] x-axis 0000-10207 Y axis 0000-7423 Tip Pressure 000-511 and delete rub out end of the pencil seems detected but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom Intuos 4x5 GD-0405 * Intuos 6x8 GD-0608 * Intuos 9x12 GD-0912 * Intuos 12x12 GD-1212-U * Intuos 12x18 GD-1218 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0020 0x0021 0x0022 0x0023 0x0024 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected and responses delivered back - x axis up to 30479 and y axis 31679, tip pressure up to 1023 and x and y tilt up to 127 - Wacom intuos GD-0912-A for Apple Macs NOT SUPPORTED}} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 2 4x5 A6 - XD-0405-U * Intuos 2 6x8 A5 - xd 0608u uoc * Intuos 2 9x12 XD-0912-U * Intuos 2 12x12 XD-1212-U * Intuos 2 12x18 XD-1218-U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0041 0x0042 0x0043 0x0044 0x0045 | <!--Revision-->0126 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|various sizes and recognised as [Wacom Support] but not working. x-axis 00000-20319 y-axis 00000-16239 tip presure 0000-1023 x-tilt y-tilt 000-127. HID mouse xc-100-03 works but never could use it as a real tablet with pressure with TVPaint 3.6 }} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 3 4x5 (PTZ-430) * Intuos 3 4x6 (PTZ-431W ) * Intuos 3 6x8 (PTZ-630 PTZ630) * Intuos 3 6x11 (PTZ-631W A3 wide) * Intuos 3 9x12 (A4 PTZ-930 PTZ930) * Intuos 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->056a | <!--Product ID-->0x00b0 0x00b1 0x00b2 0x00b3 0x00b4 0x00b5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No}} Actions in HID setup window definitively locks the Pointer (mouse) reports settings and even after a clear and save, nothing changes, the configuration returns to default values. "[Wacom]" reports don't see any events from the tablet, even with "Pointer" reports cleared and save, so is locked a in "mouse" state - but can send a special command to the tablet in order to put it into a special vendor mode. This mode enables Wacom specificities like pressure, tilt, absolute position, buttons, etc... you should send an HID report feature with ReportID=2 and data=2, the current HID class driver doesn't give a way to change that, even using the "initial startup actions" item in the extra collection. No listed features work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Volito - Promethean FT-0405-U06 UV1.4-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0060 | <!--Revision-->0141 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - appears to be the budget option with some but limited features}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Volito 2 * CTF-??? 2x3 * CTF-420G CTF-420 V2.0-0 4x5 * Serif Penabled 6742 rebadge of CTF 420/020-B CTF-420/02 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0062 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - no erase function on the end of the pen - nylon nibs value option}} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PL-400 LCD * PL-500 * PL-510 * PL-550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0030 0x0031 0x0032 0x0034 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> * PL-600 * PL-600 SX * PL-700 * PL-710 * PL-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0033 0x0035 0x0036 0x0037 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Cintiq 21 UX and Cintiq Partner DTF-720 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wacom PenTablet Bamboo (MTE), Bamboo Craft (CTH), Bamboo Fun (CTE), Bamboo Pen (CTL) and Bamboo Pen & Touch (CTH) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Bamboo Fun Medium CTE-650 | | 0x0018 | | {{Maybe|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum]}} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Fun Small CTE-450 white | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo One CTF-430 V2.0-0 CTF 430/S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0069 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A5 wired air pen and acts like a mouse only}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 4 * Small PTK-440 PTK-540 * Medium - PTK-640 - PTK 540WL Wireless - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Intuos4 surface sheet was revised in October 2010 to reduce nib wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 5 Touch * * Medium - PTH-650 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0027 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested work, however wireless may glitch or drag }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro Medium - PTH-651 - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Small Pen Tablet - MTE 450 MTE-450A (MTE-450/k) - | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0065 | <!--Revision-->0116 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 work area - mouse movement but no pen detection except x-axis 2 to -2 and y-axis 2 to -2 - mini usb lead - 4 blue led lit buttons not detected as well as circular touch button?? }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Pen CTL 460 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested all Bamboo versions were criticized for the drawing surface's roughness (which got smoother over time), which caused the small pressure-sensitive 'nib' to wear down, and become slanted or scratchy in the same way as pencil lead, albeit more slowly}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Fun CTH-461/S wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x00D2 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 size - Pen tracking not working but finger touch works }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Connect Pen Tablet CTL-470 CTL-470K 470-DE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 470K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom CTH 480/S wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} lithium battery for pad - |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pen Small CTL-480/S CTL 480 K wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x030E | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected as Intuos PS but not working although the RHS blue led responds to pen on tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 490 PK S Photo - CTH-490CK-S Comic - CTH-490AK-S Art | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested lower hovering height pen nibs wear fast and input lag/responsiveness}} |- | <!--Description-->Intuos Pen & Touch Medium - CTH-680 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit work | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro (PTH-660 and PTH-860) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 10.6" Genius G-Pen M609 Genius G-Pen M609X iVista Media Tablet 10.6 Aiptek MediaTablet 10000u | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0501 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Slim Tablet 12.1" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x172F | <!--Product ID-->0x0034 | <!--Revision-->0x1105 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 12 by 9" Aiptek HyperPen 12000u T-12000U Tablet Series Nisis T-12000u USB Tablet Series Version 1.05 (aiptek rebadged) Trust item #1535 ADESSO Cyber Tablet 12000 Graphic design tablet iVista Media Tablet 12 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2003 Genius G-Pen M712 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0500, 0x08ca | <!--Product ID-->0x0010 | <!--Revision-->0105 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet, untested with others - Puck (mouse) x axis 0000 to 6000 y axis 0000 to 6000 - stylus (pen) x axis 00000 to 12000 y axis 00000 to 12000 tip pressure 0000 to 1023 - 16 function keys - AAA battery needed for pen and another for the mouse}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 14.1" v5.1e Genius G-Pen M714X Aiptek MediaTablet 14000u WMK-H141 Trust item #15358 Adesso CyberTablet 14000 M14 iVista Media Tablet 14.1 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2004 | <!--Vendor ID-->0X172f | <!--Product ID-->0X0500 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet - Stylus (Pen) X 16838 Y 16838 Tip Pressure 1023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0038 Genius G-Pen F509 Manhattan 177405 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0038 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0052 Yiynova MSP19 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0052 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Q Pad Aiptek HyperPen Mini NGS Flexi Style VisTablet PenPad iVistaTablet Q Flex Pad Bravod Q-PD65-S Trust Flex Design Tablet (#16937) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0037 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Sirius Battery Free Tablet VisTablet Muse PENTAGRAM Designer P 2700 Princeton PTB-S1BK | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0502 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 12.1" Genius G-Pen F610 Trust Slimline Widescreen Tablet (#16529) VisTablet Original 12" Adesso CyberTablet Z12 Adesso CT-Z12A PenPower Tooya Pro Aiptek Slim 12.1 Inch Aiptek SlimTablet 600u Premium II NGS Slim Proguess iVistaTablet Slim 12.1 PENTAGRAM ThinType P 2006 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0034 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 5.8" Genius G-Pen F350 Trust item #16485 VisTablet Mini iVistaTablet Slim 5.8 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0032 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Venus S Tablet Trust eBrush Widescreen Tablet (#17939) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0503 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Aiptek GmBH MediaTablet Ultimate II - 16:10 Professional Graphic Tablet Model 1400U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Hanvon Beijing HanWang HW Micro Drawing Tablet ET0504U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b57 | <!--Product ID-->0x8030 | <!--Revision-->01111 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|does not work - recognised as an HID mouse - no tablet extensions detected}} |- | <!--Description-->KYE EasyPen 340, Genius EasyPen 340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0458:5014 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Aiptek Hyper Pen 6000u PC Tablet APT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|detected but does not work - win98 era cordless 6in by 4.5in - }} |- | <!--Description-->nisis T-8000U APT-2 Aiptek rebadge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08CA | <!--Product ID-->0x0021 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected but no responses }} |- | <!--Description-->Acecad Flair II GT-504 Init Fkt Fkt 0x5ab450c0 AIPTEK HyperPen 10000 U Aiptek HyperPen 10000U, AIPTEK Slim Tablet U600 Premium II | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ace Cad Enterprise Co., Ltd Tablet - 5x3.75 drawing area | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bosto's | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} UCLogic Digitizer |- | <!--Description-->Adesso CyberTablet Z7, Adesso CyberTablet 12000, Adesso CT-12000A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic / Lapazz WP8060, UC-Logic / Lapazz PF1209, UC-Logic / Lapazz Artistic Tablet 5540, Manhattan 8"x6", Manhattan 3"x4", Manhattan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but suspect not working}} |- | <!--Description-->DigiPro 5.5×4” Graphics Tablet Digital Ink Pad (A4 format) DigiPro WP8060, DigiPro WP5540, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-pen G-Pen 4500 Genius Wizardpen Genius Mousepen Genius Easypen i405 M610 Genius PenSketch 9x12, Genius MousePen i608, Genius MousePen 8x6, Genius MousePen / WizardPen 5x4, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-Pen F610 Genius G-Pen M610 Genius G-Pen 340 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP4030U) Genius G-Pen 450 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius UC-LOGIC iBall Tablet PF8060 iBall Iball Pen Tablet 8060U, Iball Pen Tablet 5540U, Iball Pen Tablet 4030U, Iball Design Tablet PF1209, NGS CADBOY (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) Pentagram QWare | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust TB-3100 Trust TB-5300 Trust 15356 Trust TB-6300 Trust 15357 WP8060U Slimline but bulky with metal backing A5 size Trust 16486, Trust 16447, Sketch Design Tablet, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|clashes with usb and crashes AROS }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic Tablet WP1062 Aiptek HyperPen 10000U Monoprice 10X6.25 Inches Graphic Drawing Tablet Pickle 10x6.25 Inch Graphic Drawing tabletguess | <!--Vendor ID-->5543:0064 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | [ VTech KidiPhoto Art Studio] | | | | {{yes|works}} |- |} Tablet has a squared lines of wires which induce a current into the pen which is then detected by the metal grid in the tablet pad. Tablets report pressure (and tilt on expensive models) and are absolute pointing devices (put the pen at the top left and the mouse pointer will go to the top left of the screen). Graphic drawing area, what keys, report rate, resolution lpi lpmm, accuracy, pressure levels (may come from the app), origin position, Wacom tablets use electromagnetic resonance technology. Since the tablet provides power to the pen through resonant inductive coupling, no power is required for the pointing device. As a result, no batteries are inside the pen (or the accompanying puck), making them lighter and slimmer. Under the tablet's surface (or LCD in the case of the Cintiq) is a printed circuit board with a grid of multiple send/receive coils and a magnetic reflector attached behind the grid. In send mode, the tablet generates a close-coupled electromagnetic field (also known as a B-field) at a frequency of 531&nbsp;kHz. This close-coupled field stimulates oscillation in the pen's coil/capacitor (LC) circuit when brought into range of the B-field. Any excess resonant electromagnetic energy is reflected back to the tablet. In receive mode, the energy of the resonant circuit’s oscillations in the pen is detected by the tablet's grid. This information is analyzed by the computer to determine the pen's position, by interpolation and Fourier analysis of the signal intensity. In addition, the pen communicates information such as pen tip pressure, side-switch status, tip vs. eraser orientation and ID number (to differentiate between different pens, mice, etc.). For example, applying more or less pressure to the tip of the pen changes the value of the pen's timing circuit capacitor. This signal change can be communicated in an analog or digital method. An analog implementation modulates the phase angle of the resonant frequency, while a digital method is communicated to a modulator that distributes the information digitally. The tablet forwards this and other relevant tool information in packets, up to 200 times per second, to the computer. If you disable (delete all of them except for one that needs to be set to "no action", so that it will not be regenerated as default) the Extra Startup actions, the tablet should remain in relative mouse mode—you will not get pressure information in that mode though. [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/highway_usb/message/2394]}} === Handheld Barcode Scanner Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Farsun 9100 barcode scanner 0-12" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola Symbol LS2203 CMOS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Tysso | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Simple}} Code 11, Code 39, Code 93, Code 128, Coda Bar, UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, MSI/Plessey, Telepen, Interleaved 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Matrix 2 of 5 |- | <!--Description-->Unitech MS320 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WCS3905 CCD 1" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Code 93, Matrix 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Code 39, UCC/EAN-128, ISBN, Code 32, EAN/JAN-8 , EAN/JAN-13 , UPC-A, UPC-E, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, Interleaved 2 of 5, MSI-Plessey, China Post, IATA 2 of 5, ISSN, UK-Plessey |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic Touch 90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Intermec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Metrologic MK9540-32A38 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola LS2208 Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WWS800 Laser 1D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic GD4130-BK-C066 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell 1202G-1USB-5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola / Symbol DS6707-DC20007ZZR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->DataMan 8000 2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Voyager 9520/40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Metrologic MS1690 USB 2D Barcode Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} QR Code GS1 Databar PDF417 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Syscan GM800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} [http://www.scandit.com/2011/11/04/types-of-barcodes-choosing-the-right-barcode-type-ean-upc-code128-itf-14-or-code39/ Types of Barcode] <pre> UPC-A Grocery most common Code 128 EAN-13 Library Books ISBN & ISSN, Code 39 Codabar blood bank, 2D barcodes such as Data Matrix PDF417e Maxicode Aztec QR Code old Nokia handsets, MicroPDF417 </pre> ===TouchScreens=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | eGalax Touch 4a | 0eef | 0001 | 0001 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===GPS tracking, running, cycling, biking, walking, hiking, ORIENTEERING, boaters and mapping=== Support for OpenStreetMap but not for Ordnance Survey, Map Pilot or National Geographic's Topo maps data gdb, Data output supported nmea 0183 V1.5 APA, V1.5 XTE and V2.1 GSA formats, gpx, kml/kmz, tracks from tcx files, geo: URIs, NMEA0183(which is RS232, voltages range from -15 volts to 15 volts, 4800 baud), or need NMEA sentences connected to your computer other method that some units support is a special serial cable that actually emits raw RS232 NMEA. These usually take 10->30 volts input, can run the unit, and have full voltage I/O for RS232 (not like spanner mode, which effectively turns the unit into a USB->Serial adapter inside the case). Equivalent apps - merkator, mapsource, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin gpsmap 180 GPS/chart plotter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->1992 GARMIN GPS 55 AVD Portable System | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - waas pinpoint within 3 metres - nmea - 4AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 12 12XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Legend C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eMap | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|possibly through usbmodem rs232 connection nmea 0183 protocol}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} rs232 these older units supported it and would provide the stream in either the standard NMEA 0183 format or a proprietary Garmin format. |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 75 AVD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Map 7000 model 45006 (1994) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Tracker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Pioneer Satellite Navigator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS 300 315 320 Mentor Receiver (2003) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Not for dedicated sat nav units like the Nuvi, TomTom, etc | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NaviLock NL-402U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested u-blox 5 SuperSense® chipset with receivers for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->GM1-86UB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| U-BLOX UB-6010 GGA,GSA,GSV, RMC and support VTG, GLL, TXT ublox binary and NMEA Command Dynamic Condition }} |- | <!--Description-->NAVILOCK GPS NL-602U USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works via usbmodem.device - ublox ag 6 chipset - 50 channel}} |- | <!--Description-->TOPGNSS ton Receiver & Antenna GM702 u-blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|UBLOX7020 chip design bloc u-blox}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-162 G-MOUSE u blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|UBX G70xx with RMC VTG GSV TXT GLL GGA GSA}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-172 u-blox 7 G7020-KT gps gnss white pen stick receiver - over 1 inch long | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A| detected as cdc controlled plug in device - 18x18x2mm patch antenna but can be slow to update - nmea 0183 and ublox binary protocol}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GlobalSat BU-353 WaterProof USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested SiRF Star III}} |- | <!--Description-->Haicom HI-206 USB GPS receiver with RS-232 interfaces, RJ11 and PS/II connector EB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|usb-serial prolific pl2303 detected but GSP3F SiRF Star IV technology not detected or bound}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->BT760Y, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 5 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 6 GPS chipset - 65 channel}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 7 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 8 GPS chipset - 167 channels}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Colorado 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Geko 101 201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} limited waas enabled only - waypoints - aaa battery |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Edge 200 bike mount | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin ForeRunner 10 15 watch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Montana 600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Dakota 10 20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Map76s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 450T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB nmea 0183 |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex 10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - no nmea0183 sentences data stream output - configuration an option to set it to "Garmin" mode, or "Mass Storage" mode. Since the mass storage mode seems to be required for waypoint/track/etc data exchange, the 'Garmin' mode would be for this data stream. Yet putting it in that mode doesnt seem to produce anything.}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 650T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSMAP 64S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GPSMap 78S or GPSMap 76CSX which has a NMEA port for talking to Nav equipment | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex Vista Cx GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - 2AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSmap 276c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 2000 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} SiRFstarIII™, Antenna Type Multidirectional Patch with WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS support |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==massstorage.class (MSC/UMS - most cameras and mp3 players)== === USB Card Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Installing ! width="15%" |Booting ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | A-Tec Model CR-362 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://www.belkin.com/IWCatProductPage.process?Merchant_Id=&Section_Id=200406&pcount=&Product_Id=179164 Belkin 15 in 1 Card Reader] | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Conrad CP440 60 in 1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works on a1k forum}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Genesys Gtech Logic 19 in 1 | 0x05E3 | 0x0710 | High 0200 | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Hama 19 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Hama 35 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Integral Single Slot SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kingston USB 3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexar microsd adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} but wider than Sandisk version - could block other slot if below |- | Pretec CardDriver | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sandisk MicroMate | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Micro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} has satisfying 'click' when microsd inserted |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Duo MicroSD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} no 'click' insertion uses pressure so future wear and tear issues |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Serena metal cased microsd only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | <!--Description-->Serena "Sandisk MobileMate" look-alike | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | SilverCrest 16in1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P5 8 in 1 TSRDP5K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P8 15 in 1 TSRDP8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Zyxel integralmemory 8 in 1 | 0x0aec | 0x3260 | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|not detected}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Hard Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Datel MaxDrive | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Inateck 2.5 Inch USB 3.0 Hard Drive Disk Enclosure/ Case (FE2001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Full USB 3.0 port but plastic teeth keeping drive in place can snap |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} full USB 3.0 port - updated design |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE3001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} wider USB 3.0 port and no on/off switch Jmicron JMS578 chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Iomega Desktop Hard Drive 500GB, 3,5“, USB2.0 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung T3 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 1 space grey / black metal/ plastic |- | Samsung T5 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 2 256GB 512GB alluring blue 1Tb 2Tb black unibody metal |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Toshiba Canvio 1TB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|partition fat32 or sfs to 100GB max - ntfs partitions not detected out of the box - select usb drive in trident prefs and press disable to shutdown}} |- | Verbatim 160GB Smartdisk | | | | {{yes|works }} |- | Western Digital USB | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->WD Essential | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->WD Passport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB DVD CD ROM Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm enclosure mini-sata dvd-rw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->9.5mm enclosure ECD829 mini-sata dvd-rw with Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13fd | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but probably needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === USB to NGFF NVMe SDD HDD DVD CD ROM Drives === The older Jmicron JMS539B seems to result in massive filesystem corruption given the amount of corrupted content. Prehaps always avoided Jmicron and opted for Asmedia even if it costed a bit more. Realtek seems to be working okay for me generally speaking and newer Jmicron chipsets are less buggy – but evidently not perfect. From [https://goughlui.com/2025/08/17/psa-validate-your-storage-jmicron-jms583-kioxia-bg4-series-ssd-issue/ thread] Here is a [https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/stable-nvme-usb-adapter.2572973/ very long thread] that discusses data corruption and stability issues with these bridges. The majority of the posts are complaining of dropouts, hangs and the like, which usually down to either a poor USB 3.x implementation (SuperSpeed connections are very picky as to cables, ports and trace routing) or problematic compatibility. Regardless, the [https://www.legitreviews.com/jmicron-jms583-controller-version-matters-for-portable-usb-drives_219422 JMS583 is known to have several versions] noting that the last revision (C) in that article is a 2021 release which should fix earlier stability and cable quality compatibility issues. JMS583-STD-Release-v00.02.01.04-Bus Power.bin is the latest JMS583 firmware as of August 2025. Early firmware RTL9210 seems to have issues as well * RTL9210B * JMS583 rev1 with firmware A2 or A3 * RTL9210A * JMS583 firmware 2.0.9 * Asmedia ASM2362 * RTL9201A The reference Hardware ID for the JMS583 chipset from JMicron is: VID_152D&PID_0583&REV_0209 where "VID_152D" identifies a JMicron product; "PID_0583" is the generation chipset; "REV_0209" is the firmware version installed. In the same way, the reference Hardware ID for the RTL9210 from Realtek is: VID_0BDA&PID_9210&REV_3100 "VID_0BDA" is for a Realtek product, "PID_9210" is referred to the chipset and "REV_3100" to the firmware. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ASM1153E / ASM1153 with firmware 140509_A1_82_40 or 141126_A1_EE_82. Both supports UASP and TRIM on USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->ASM235CM Ugreen aluminum bridging the USB3.2 Gen2x1 to Serial ATA host interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TI 9261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASM225 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS578 issues USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0578 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS576 issues USB 3 to usb-c adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0576 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|orico}} |- | <!--Description-->JMS562 JMicron Technology Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0562 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMS561U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0x1561 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->VL716Q4 Orico black meshed aluminum usb c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASmedia ASM1051E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174C | <!--Product ID-->0x1536 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM104x | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x1042 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown Chinese version | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0bc2 | <!--Product ID-->0x2312 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron N5321 gr | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0xa583 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Initio Corp INIC-1618L mini slimline sata 6 + 7 pins to usb2 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13FD | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb2 detects 201x laptop DVD as MassStorage(CD/DVD) but may need powered USB hub}} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown mini sata to usb3 adaptor | <!--Vendor ID-->0x01F75 | <!--Product ID-->0x0621 | <!--Revision-->0036 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb3 detects 201x notebook DVD drive as MassStorage(SCSI) but 5V 1.5Amp needs powered hub to burn }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === External Floppy === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://techtravels.org/amiga/amigablog/ Amiga Floppy Project] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=842 Catweasel Mk4] | 0xE159 | 0x0001 | 0x00 | {{yes|[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/storage works]}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://hxc2001.free.fr/floppy_drive_emulator/ HxC Floppy Emulator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.softpres.org/glossary:kryoflux KyroFlux] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung SFD-321U/EP USB Floppy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.cbmstuff.com/proddetail.php?prod=SCP SuperCard Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.facebook.com/groups/greaseweazle Greaseweazle STM hardware], [https://cowlark.com/fluxengine/index.html Greaseweasel support], [https://github.com/keirf/Greaseweazle/wiki software], [https://amigakit.amiga.store/greaseweazle-p-91279.html buy], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FL-2501 USB Portable Diskette Drive | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2009 usb - [https://amiga.robsmithdev.co.uk/ Drawbridge] [https://github.com/RobSmithDev/ArduinoFloppyDiskReader software] ribbon cable compat with p/n 19308801-19 and s/n U356244 - model ASM P/N 27l4226 and FRU P/N 05k9283 - |- | <!--Description-->Dell Floppy Drive Module USB External 3.5" - Teac FD-05PUB 1.44mb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 usb 1.1 |- | <!--Description-->USB FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (USB External Floppy Disk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/SukkoPera/OpenFlops OpenFlops] with [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] Gotech clone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/hmerrett/HenryFlops HenryFlops reworked OpenFlops] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ==ptp.class (PTP and MTP - other cameras and mp3 players)== === Cameras === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 350D (also known as the Digital Rebel XT/Kiss Digital N) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 DIGIC II processor 8-megapixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot A430 A560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 400D (XTi) digital SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1000D also known as Rebel XS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2mp 720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 450D aka Rebel Xsi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 12.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot S90 S95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 2010 720p video - 10Mpixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot SD960 IS Digtal ELPH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 Still Image: Exif 2.2 (JPEG), Movie: MOV (Image: H.264; Audio: Linear PCM) Lithium-ion Battery Pack NB-4L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 500D aka Rebel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 1080p 15.1MP Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 550D 600D aka Rebel T2i T3i DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010-2011 1080p 18MP Lithium LP-E8 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot S100 S110 S120 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011-2013 720p-1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1100D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T3 SLR, EOS Kiss X50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p 10Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 650D 700D aka Rebel T4i T5i T6i SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2013 1080p 18Mpixels Lithium LP-E8 articulating flip out twistable screen }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon ELPH 300 HS (IXUS 220 HS) 230 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 blogging camera }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 12.1 MP CMOS, DIGIC 5 Wifi Lithium Battery Pack NB-9L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7 X, G7X-II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014-2016 1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1300D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T6 SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 1080p 16Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7x G5X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| G7X flip up and G5X flip out - same batteries - no external microphone input - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS M3 M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| flip out - same batteries - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 60D 70D 80D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 6D 7D 8D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 5D Mark II III IV DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix A850 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FujiFilm Finepix F100fd | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix F810 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xf1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| pocketable exr cmos 12mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt1 x-t1 x10 x-t10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujifilm x100 x100s x100t | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xPro1 xPro2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt2 / x-t2 x-t20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K video }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GoPro HERO 3 HERO4 HERO 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D100, D60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 Compact flash storage - non interchangeable lenses up to 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D50, D50x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 storage - 6.1MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D70, D80, D90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 Compact flash storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D40, D40x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D300, D700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 storage - 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D2Xs, D2Hs, D3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006-2008 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 720p video unlike D3000 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16mpixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16.2mp 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L26 L27 L28 L29 L31 Coolpix compact cameras | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video - 2 AA - pocket sized }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video 14.2mp}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5100 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16.2mp 720p}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L810 L820 L830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7100 D7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 up to 24.2mp 1080p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 1080p 24MPixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5200 D5300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D800 D600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 1080p video sd card storage - dust/oil issue at start}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3300 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D500, a high-performance DX-format (APS-C) DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5500 D5600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016-2018 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D810 D610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 1080p video sd card storage }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K UHD video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D900 D850 D820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4k 46MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus C-370 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Camedia C-725 Ultrazoom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3mp aa batteries, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 8mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-410 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-510 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 10MP Live MOS sensor with TruePic III processor, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-420 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-620 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 12.3mp, compactflash, xD and microdrive cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-450 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax * ist DS DSLR camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K10D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 10.2mp APS-C CCD no video and older manual Pentax K-mount lenses}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2008 14.6MP APS-C but no video recording mode }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K30 K-5 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 16MP full HD (1080p) recording at 24/25/30 fps}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 25.7MP BSI CMOS sensor }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix LZ10 LZ20 DMC-LZ30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ1 TZ5 TZ9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix GH1 GH2 like the DMC-GH2HEB-K - GH3 DMC-GH3HEB-K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Four Thirds (GH2) MFT Micro Four Thirds (GH3) limited to 29mins recording }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic AF series AF100 AF101 AF102 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 DMC-G3 G5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic DMC LX7 10 LX15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GF7 GX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic G80 G85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 - shooting in MOV or MP4 formats recording limited to sd card size but split files because the FAT32 file system only supports files up 4GB in size, which amounts to around 5 minutes of 4K (100mbps) footage - GH4 appears to create 4GB files as a rule, regardless of whether the memory card’s file system supports larger files or not - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH5 gx80 gx85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Effective: 20.3 Megapixel 5184 x 3888 - 2 sd card slots compatible with high-speed, high capacity UHS-II - sd card v rating like the v90 should record at 60MB/s to be compatible with the GH5 in the All-I format - possible file corruption with .mdt files - new firmware 2.0 update, the Panasonic GH5 becomes the first 5K - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic FZ2000 FZ2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung WB100 WB1100 WB150 WB2200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX200, NX20, NX1000 and NX210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 20.3Mp APS-C sized CMOS image sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo Xacti CG65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cyber-shot DSC camera models W110 W220 H300 H400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A230 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX20V HX30V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 18mp 720p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX50V HX60V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 20.2MP 1080p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A77 A99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony WX100 WX150 wx220 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 2014 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-6 Sony NEX-7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16 to 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-3N Sony NEX-5N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α58 Sony α68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 20.1 MP 2014 24mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1MP 1.0-type back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor, often after boot-up, the motor starts running for no reason for first versions' - }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α5000 a5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1 Megapixel APS-C Exmor APS HD CMOS 1080p Sony E-mount [https://github.com/ma1co/Sony-PMCA-RE hack] using [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M4hR9HiOzM this] }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6000 a6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP APS-C sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7S a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α77 II, α99 II, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24.3 MP, 2016 42.4mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk IV V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RX0 RX zero, RX0 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2017 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6500 a6500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP APS-C sensor 4K }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 Alpha 7 II E-mount interchangeable lens mirrorless camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7Sii a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony a7 III α77 ILCE7M3/B Full-Frame Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 24mm optical zoom, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1F | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 entry-level vlogging, 1-inch 20.1MP, ultra-wide 20mm f/2 prime lens}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} <pre > Lens Mounts Canon EF EF-S Nikon F Panasonic Olympus OM Pentax DA, FA, F, A, M, and K series Fujifilm X mount </pre > <pre > Sensors APS-C S35 Full Frame 43 Four Thirds M43 MFT Micro four thirds </pre > === Digital Voice Recorder Dictaphone Dictation Machine Handheld === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2011 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested 2012 no usb }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-8600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-711PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-712PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-731PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested slide out usb-a - aaa battery - ok recordings }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-540PC Olympus VN-541PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips DVT1250 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX470 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX570 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} === USB eBooks Readers drm free EPUB version 2.0.1 (2007), 3.0 (2011), 3.1 (2015) or [https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ 3.3 (2024)] [https://github.com/thansen0/sample-epub-minimal epub examples] formats access === EPUB file format is an open standard based on XHTML for content and XML for metadata, contained in a zip file archive PDF v2.0 in 2017, 2009 takeover by ISO Org, 1.7 in 2006 , 1.6 in 2005, 1.4 in 2001, 1.3 in 1999, 1.0 in 1993 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch NST BNRV300 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->when finding the right micro usb cable that works, internal nook memory not accessible but sd card fat32 readable and writable outside | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 6in 600x800 e-ink 16 grayscale .jpg}} battery remove sd card and Torx T5 back top for Cameron Sino CS-BNR003SL - USA 1.2.2 md5sum 351e26527e80156183e74be2da2ce89f *nook_1_2_update.zip - 1.2.1 UK fdba3981f7f221cc5143db6329645bc2 *nook_1_2_update.zip - skip registration, Turn on the device, but do NOT start setting it up. Hold down the top right button on the front of the device and slide your finger from left to right across the top of the E Ink screen. A ‘Factory’ button should appear in the top left corner of the screen. Press it. Once in the Factory menu, hold down the top right button on the front of the device and tap the bottom right corner of the screen should now see a ‘Skip Oobe’ button. Tap that and the Nook should finally load the home screen. Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch with Glowlight *2012 Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight BNRV350 *2013 Nook GlowLight BNRV500 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 0x0007 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} perform a hard reset: Turn off the nook completely, turn it on, as soon as you see the screen flash begin holding the bottom page turn buttons until the screen flashes with a message asking reset, press the 'n' key twice to start the reset - Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Nook Glowlight 4 Plus 7.8-inch screen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *NOOK 1st Edition (2009-2018) BNRZ100 *NOOK Color (2010-2024) BNRV200 *NOOK Tablet (8GB/16GB) (2011-2024) BNTV250A / BNTV250 *NOOK HD (2012-2024) BNTV400 *NOOK HD+ (2012-2024) BNTV600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 511EB | <!--Vendor ID-->045e:ffff | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 untested Preferences->advanced->debug device detection}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://jaforeck.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/ready-to-meet-viktor-navorski-gained-access-to-elonex-621ebs-terminal-52/ Elonex 621EB] eBook | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1f85 | <!--Product ID-->0x1688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->unlocked ootb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested usb mini charging 6" diagonal eInk Screen - 800 x 600 pixels, 8 Level 166dpi Paperlike screen, Embedded 1GB Flash NAND, full SD Card Slot up to 16GB - WAV, MP3, JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF support and ePub and PDF(with reflow) (TXT, HTML) support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 700eb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 untested adjust screen blanking by menu then settings then device standby, you can then turn it off}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story HD eBook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} freescale imx.508 arm mcimx508cvkbb cpu with 2gb samsung nand, m13892aj charging chip, eb07_main_mp1_110321 mobo, mini usb, atheros ar61026 wifi - |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Rakuten Touch A/B kobo3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Touch C, Kobo Mini, Kobo Glo N613, Kobo Aura HD N514 N204 kobo4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura, Kobo Aura H2O, kobo5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2013 6in untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v1, Kobo Glo HD, Kobo Touch 2.0, Kobo Aura ONE N709, Kobo Aura ONE Limited Edition, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v1 N236, kobo6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v2, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v2, Kobo Nia, Kobo Clara HD, Kobo Forma, Kobo Libra H2O kobo7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Elipsa, Kobo Sage kobo8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *Kobo Libra 2 kobo9, Kobo Clara 2E kobo10, Kobo Elipsa 2E kobo11 *Kobo Libra Colour kobo13, Kobo Clara BW, Kobo Clara Colour kobo12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pandigital Personal eReader aka? Papyre 6.2 very similar to BQ Avant Firmware | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 350 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 epub bbeb cbz untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K1 D00111 - Main Menu=: Settings: Menu=: Device Info shows S/N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->256mb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2007 untested Marvell Xscale PXA255}} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K2, D00511 170-1012-00, D00701 D00801 S11S01B * k2 means K2 US * k2i means K2 GW * dx means KDX US * dxi means KDX GW * dxg means KDX Graphite | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested Freescale i.MX31 }} the Kindle is a small computer running Linux 2.6 on an ARM processor |- | <!--Description-->AMAZON Kindle D00901 3rd Gen with keyboard - Menu, Settings for S/N and then Menu again to choose Update * S/N starts B006 means k3g aka K3 3G US * S/N starts B008 means k3w aka K3 WiFi * S/N starts B00A means k3gb aka K3 3G UK EU - debug mode with ;debugON and ~help | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->{{yes|4Gb internal no access until jailbroken JB}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 with mobi and azw3 formats only - micro usb 5v 0.85a - freescale i.mx35 ARM soc with 12bit parallel interface with epson e-ink cpu, 256MB synchronous dynamic RAM, 4GB eMMC internal memory only but no sd slot, MC13892 PMIC - atheros wifi 54mbit pci-e a e keyed wifi - ?? later models wm96103 audio codec - display has 2Mbit serial memory ic on ribbon cable with 4bpp inverse grayscale display not touchscreen - 3g module - screen replacement really annoying - 4 test points near T07 = TX RX GND ? - as of 2025, JB v0.13.N, MKK2014, MKK2025, KUAL, KoReader Legacy2025, and maybe later SS v0.47.N, Python 0.14.N, Fonts v5.16.N, USBNet v0.57.N - USB-downloader mode when Vol+ is pressed during startup - Shift + Alt + M for Minesweeper - |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle 4th Generation k4 D01100 two buttons, square movement and two buttons at bottom *B00E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb with USB MS, USBMS aka also known as USB MSC or UMS | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} plastic back clipped in but taped down to battery cover, use Torx T5 to remove battery cover screws - battery glued down S2011-001-A 515-1058-01 DR-A015 MC-265360 - Freescale i.MX508 SOC, 2Gb eMMC storage, 256MiB of LPDDR1, MC13892 PMIC - vendor modified u-boot imximage based on u-boot v2009.08 - USB-downloader mode press the fiveway down button during startup resetmykindle - as of 2025 upgrade firmware from 4.1.x and to 4.1.4, sign into account and copy jb.1.8 bits, mkk-2014, mkk-2025, kual and then uninstall kual, koreader2025 - |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5th Gen) D01200 K5, KT *Once signed into an Amazon Account get S/N under Settings -> Device Options *B00F Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (U.S. and Canada) [Mostly] *B011 Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5) *B010 Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (Europe) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} touchscreen i.MX508 SOC, 256MiB of LPDDR1 and USB-downloader mode by the SOC microcode when a specific key is pressed during startup: the home button on model D01200 - update firmware 5.3.2 to 5.3.7.3, access account, |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] PW <pre> B024 Kindle PaperWhite WiFi B01B Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] B020 Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Brazil) B01C Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Canada) B01D Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Europe) B01F Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Japan) </pre> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0007 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Freescale i.MX508 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0008 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 2 (2013) PW2 *B0D4, 90D4 WiFi (U.S., Intl.) *B05A, 905A WiFi (Japan) *B0D5, 90D5 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *B0D6, 90D6 3G + WiFi (Canada] *B0D7, 90D7 3G + WiFi (Europe) *B0D8, 90D8 3G + WiFi (Russia) *B0F2, 90F2 3G + WiFi (Japan) *B017, 9017 WiFi (4GB) (U.S., Intl.) *B060, 9060 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Europe) *B062, 9062 3G + WiFi (4GB) (U.S.) [Mostly] *B05F, 905F 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Canada) *B061, 9061 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Brazil) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb or 4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} PW2 uses Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 3 PW3 i.e. Kindle 7th gen *G090G1 (2015) WiFi *G090G2 (2015) 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *G090G4 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Mexico) *G090G5 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Europe, Australia) *G090G6 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Canada) *G090G7 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KB (2015) WiFi *G090KC (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KE (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090KF (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090LK (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) *G090LL (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) White | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000A | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} ease up glued down front bezel rim panel gently, remove 11 screws underneath and lift screen up from bottom end - battery underneath - |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 4 (2018) PW4 *G000PP, G8S0PP WiFi, 8GB *G000T6, G8S0T6 WiFi, 32GB *G000T1 WiFi+4G, 32GB *G000T2 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Europe) *G00102 WiFi, 8GB (India) *G000T3 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Japan) *G0016T, G8S16T WiFi, 8GB Twilight Blue *G0016Q, G8S16Q WiFi, 32GB Twilight Blue *G0016U WiFi, 8GB Plum *G0016V, G8S16V WiFi, 8GB Sage *G00103 WiFi, 32GB (India) *G0016R WiFi, 32GB Plum *G0016S WiFi, 32GB Sage | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000B | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Oasis 2 and 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested NXP i.MX7D }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested MediaTek MT8110 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle 11 Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested MediaTek MT8113 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite Gen 11 and 12 - Signature | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16Gb or 32Gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 account not blocked, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Modos-Labs Modos Labs] open source e-ink 60Hz 75Hz caster controller and glider monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xteink X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.xteink.com Xteink X4] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 4.3in 220ppi no touchscreen so [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7RuokaVauo buttons navigation] - 650mAh battery - micro-sd slot up to 512Gb covering epub, txt, and jpg in directories with [https://github.com/crosspoint-reader crosspoint reader] esp32 cpu custom rom firmware using [https://xteink.dve.al/ Flash website] on usb-c but no ecosystem store |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amazon D01400 Kindle Fire (1st Generation) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 too old }} android 2.3 and touchscreen digitizer fails often, battery SWE P/N 1002000004742 Model KC1 (EU) QP01 (US) 16.28whr, ti 257epl9l omap 4430 with elpida 88164b3pf-10-f88164b3pf or hynix, mobo ??,, DAOKC1MB8F0 Rev F, ti aic3110 audio codec, |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Fire 7in X43260 X43Z60 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested FireOS Android 4 omap 4460 and PowerVR SGX540}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Fire HD (3rd Gen) P48WVB4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD10 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD7 (2015) (5th Generation) 7 inch 8GB SV98LN *Amazon Fire HD7 (2014) *Amazon Fire HD6 (2014) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested android 5.1 max}} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10 (2017) *Amazon Fire 8 (2017) 7th Gen 8 inch SX034OT *Amazon Fire 7 (2017) (7th Generation) 7 inch 16GB (SR043KL) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 (7th Generation) 7 inch 8GB WIFI Tablet (SR043KL) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2016) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Android 5.1 max 7in screen resolution of 1024 x 600, }} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10/10+ (2021) *Amazon Fire 8/8+ (2020) *Amazon Fire 10 (2019) *Amazon Fire 7 (2019) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 9th Gen 16GB M8S26G *Amazon Fire 8 (2018) 8th Gen 8 inch 32GB L5S83A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 9 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD 10 (2023) *Amazon Fire Max 11 (2023) *Amazon Fire 8 (2022) *Amazon Fire 7 (2022) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 11 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Minimal Phone, Mudita Kompakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| eink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B751C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B7 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android based color eink small - 300dpi b/w 150ppi color -}} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme Hibreak Pro, Hisense A9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Meebook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Page Palma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf3C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go Color 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 untested 7in e-ink e-reader android tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx BooxTab Ultra X C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Note Max Air4 C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf5C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Poke6S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox MC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| color e-ink 13.3in }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 (Gen 2) Lumi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 b/w eink with front light, no EMR annd capacitance pen, }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Moaan Pantone 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable Paper Pro Move | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A5 X2 Manta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A6 X2 Nomad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Vision 2 3 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Epos2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viwoods AI Paper and AI Paper Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==printer.class - PostScript 3 and internal ghostscript drivers== As the only printer driver that AROS supports natively is Postscript, our focus is on applications that generally output postscript formatted data for printing purposes and since the general Joe Public finds postscript capable printer very expensive, postscript interpreters (eg ghostscript) have been developed aas a cheaper option which sit in between postscript data streams and non postscript (HP PCL?) printers. Set up Printer Prefs for Postscript and set the print to file option. Ghostscript has internal printer drivers gs -h and with something like gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -r300 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile gs813:examples/tiger.ps copytopar ram:tempfile It checks if in RAM: exists a outputfile (Cinnamon can export to PS postscript) then it sends this via copytopar to the printer. There was only support for parport (parallel) but Terminillis added support for USB and ethernet. A big issue with using ghostscript for drivers is that data has to originate as postscript (.PS) file. gs -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ljet4 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile RAM:file.pdf the ljet4 output device generates PCL also the pxlmono driver, which generates more generic PXL (PCL 6) gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER testpage-a4.ps > test.pdf gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pxlmono -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER test.pdf > test.pxl Printers supported by ghostscript...Explanation [http://freebooks.by.ru/view/RedHatLinux6Unleashed/rhl6u151.htm here] or [http://www.gnu.org/software/ghostscript/devices.html here] and [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/doc/printer.htm here] <pre> bit cljet5 ljet4d pjxl300 pxlcolor bitcmyk cljet5c ljetplus pkm pxlmono bitrgb deskjet nullpage pkmraw stp bj10e djet500 pbm pksm tiff12nc bj200 epswrite pbmraw pksmraw tiff24nc bjc600 faxg3 pcx16 png16 tiffcrle bjc800 faxg32d pcx24b png16m tiffg3 bmp16 faxg4 pcx256 png256 tiffg32d bmp16m ijs pcxcmyk pnggray tiffg4 bmp256 jpeg pcxgray pngmono tifflzw bmp32b jpeggray pcxmono pnm tiffpack bmpgray laserjet pdfwrite pnmraw uniprint bmpmono lj5gray pgm ppm x11 bmpsep1 lj5mono pgmraw ppmraw x11alpha bmpsep8 ljet2p pgnm psgray x11cmyk cdeskjet ljet3 pgnmraw psmono x11gray2 cdj550 ljet3d pj psrgb x11gray4 cdjcolor ljet4 pjxl pswrite x11mono cdjmono </pre> === Internal Ghostscript support === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | Canon BJ10e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested with Ghostscript drivers }} |- | Canon BJ200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested with Ghostscript drivers }} |- | Epson Stylus Color 600 parport inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - internal ghostscript support}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Deskjet 500 Parallel Port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | HP1220C/PS USB Inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - PS3 emulation only}} |- | HP 1700PS USB Inkjet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{yes|works - PS3 emulation only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->LJ-III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested HP PostScript Cartridge Plus (C2089A) a.. Press <ON LINE> (and take machine off line) b.. Press <Plus & Minus>, and while holding, press <ALT> and <RESET> together and watch the LCD and let go when the desired mode is displayed.}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 4 4M 4MP (1992) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested PS2 emulation HP 4 with optional ps cartridge - HP 4M and 4M+ built in}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 4L Parport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{no|PCL5 HP 4L only - no postscript}} |- | <!--Description-->HP Laserjet 5M (1995) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS2 emulation | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested you can try the ljet4 for the various lj5 drivers which produce various flavours of PCL. The 4, 4+ and 5 only really had one issue that plagued them, and it's hardly an issue at all. You would get accordian jams at the exit. A lot of people worked through this by pulling the sheet out before it got caught. Easily fixed by opening back door and scrubbing grime off of rubber rollers. }} |- | HP Laserjet 5L Parport (1997) (C3906A bk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->{{N/A}} | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{no|PCL5 support only.}} |- | HP Laserjet 5P 6P (1995) (C3906A bk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested HP 5p, 6p - Less tiny, slightly less slow. They are pretty bullet proof for low volume best to get postscript module though }} |- | HP Laserjet 2100 2100N 2100TN (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested PS2 emulation }} |- | HP Laserjet 4000 Series Parport (1998) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|PS3 emulation only (4200 and 4600 have issues)}} |- | HP Laserjet 4050 Parport (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|works }} |- | HP Laserjet 5000 Parallel Port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|}} |- | HP LaserJet 6M, 1200, 1300, 2100, 2200, P2050 (and P2055) P3005, M3025, M3027, 3050, 3300, 4000, 4050, 4100, 4200, 4300, M4345, P3005, P3015, P4010, P4410, M5025, M5035, 5100, 5200, 8000, 8100, or 9000 series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->PS3 emulation optional only | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Color LaserJet 2550, 3700, 4650, 8500 and 8550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark Optra C, T, and W series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Xerox Phaser 850, 860 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Monochrome === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Postscript Support | GutenPrint Support | Hardware Issues | Running Costs | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-1270N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRScript | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-3070CW Printer USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|BR-Script3 (PS3) untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL5240 HL5240L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRScript (PostScript Level 2) | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL-7050N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother MFC-7860DW Monochrome B/W BW | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR-Script BRScript (PostScript Level 3) | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother HL4570CDWT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epson EPL-6200 Laser Printer USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|cheap to buy but untested - running cost unknown}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera FS-1370DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | HP LaserJet CP1515n USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|cheap to buy but untested - running cost unknown}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark Optra E312 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->built in? | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Color === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Postscript Support ! width="10%" |GutenPrint Support ! width="20%" |Hardware Issues ! width="10%" |Running Costs ! width="20%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother hl-3075cw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BR-Script 3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Brother MFC-9120CN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->BRS3 | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Color LaserJet 2500L (2003) USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | HP Color LaserJet 2550L 2550Ln (2004) USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | HP Color LaserJet CP1218, 2605, 3700, 4500, 4600, or 4650 series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{maybe|slow printing}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Konica Minolta Magicolour 4650EN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Kyocera FS-1010 FS-1010N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Kyocera FS-C5200DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera Mita FS-1030D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kyocera FS-C5150DN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Lexmark C540n | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark [http://www1.lexmark.com/products/view/Printers/Lexmark%20C780n/catId=cat10006-category&prodId=3907-product C780n] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->{{yes|works PS3 emulation only}} | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | OKI C3600 Color Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung CLP-315 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support-->untested | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Xerox 618x Color Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Postscript Support--> | <!--GutenPrint Support--> | <!--Hardware Issues --> | <!--Running Costs --> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} See [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_drive7.htm here] for compatibility with TP7 (TurboPrint 7) Last update 2004. Not tested under emulation. Janus-UAE, Emumiga, OS3.x support via [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter] and [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/printer OS4 drivers] and [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33955&forum=27#622365 experiences]. usbparallel.device untested with USB->Centronics - The printer.class is rather 'clever'. It remembers to which unit the printers were connected (until you reboot). So if you first plug in Printer1, it gets unit 0, and Printer2 gets unit 1. If you now remove both printers and replug Printer2, it still will get unit 1 and not 0. This is used not to confuse the programs using the different units (moreover, if some program uses the usbparallel.device unit of an USB printer, and the printer is unplugged, the device unit cannot be freed immediately as the application still keeps it open). Sticking to the same units is generally a good idea I think (and therefore this mechanism is also used with all other classes creating exec.devices). You may not send a short packet (packet less than maxpktsize == 64) nor zero byte packets until the very last byte of your printout. Otherwise the printer will silently ignore the data you sent. Some printer drivers print very short sequences that never fill the endpoint buffer, so printer ignore them. Bufferize all printer driver writes in the ieee1284.device and send them by epsize packets. So my hppsc2210 works fine with a classic HP560C driver, on a classic A2000 subwayized :) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Beige cream D shape centronics end (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002v1 centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002VEA v2 centronics end (Prolific PL2305L chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | DYNAMODE USB-C-PP-1284 USB to 36pin (Prolific 2305 chipset) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested but similar to BAFO below}} |- | IOGear GUC1284B | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | My-Link (raised ellipse on centronics plastic end) (unknown chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested but more expensive }} |- | NEWLink (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Targus PA096E centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | TRENDnet ware TU-P1284 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | True PnP (Prolific chipset 2305) cheap 36pin Centronics (series of ridges along both short sides) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 2.00 | {{N/A|untested on BAFO BF-1284 but reports of poor quality and lack of support on other OSs }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Transparent See Through Blue | | | | {{N/A|untested but possible poor quality build }} |- | Dynamode USB-PARALLEL 25pin female (prolific) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FDL USB to 25pin | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | PlusKom USB to 25pin female connector for printer (IEEE 1284) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | QinHeng Electronics (CH340S chipset) | 0x1a86 | 0x7584 | | {{N/A|untested curvy sides - flat top }} |- | StarTech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syba SD-USB-DB25 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==rawwrap.class - some old flatbed scanners supported== Scandal is the MUI frontend to [http://www.ppa.pl/bugtracker/ Betascan Bugtracker] and [http://aminet.net/search?query=betascan Search for Betascan scanner drivers] derived from [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html sane backends] [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-EPSON2 Epson2] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Expression 1600 1640XL 1680 10000XL | 0x04b8 | 0x0107 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Prefection 1200U, 1200 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0104 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 1240U | 0x04b8 | 0x010b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{[https://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=45760&forum=25 works]|Needs 24V 0.8A psu but in Trident, click on "Classes", then on "rawwrap.class", then on "Configure". There, under "Global", activate the Option "Bind to Vendor/Unknown Interfaces". Now go to the second tab "Default Interface" and select/enter these values: Default usbraw.device Unit: 0 Exclusive access: Yes Out NAK Timeout: 20000ms In NAK Timeout: 20000ms In Buffer Mode: No buffering Buffer Size: 36 KB Short Reads Terminate: Yes Now click on "Use as Default" and select "Devices" on the left. There, click on your scanner and click on "Class Scan". Now close Trident by clicking on "Save". }} |- | Perfection 1640SU Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x010a | 0x0104 | {{yes|works, even the transparency unit}} |- | Perfection 1650 Photo, 1660 Photo, 3200 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 2400 Photo, 2450 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 4870 Photo, 4990 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0128 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection V700 V750 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x012c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus CX2800 2900 3200 3500 3600 3650 3700 3800 3900 Stylus CX4100 4200 3500 4600 4700 4800 4900 500 5100 5200 5300 5400 5900 | 0x04b8 | 0x0802 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus Office BX300F USB | 0x04b8 | 0x0848 | | {{yes| works with good scan quality}} |- |} [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx] scanners based on the Grandtech GT-6801 and GT-6816 "System-On-Chip" scanner chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Artec Ultima 2000 and e+, Trust Flat Scan USB 19200 (ePlus2k.usb / Gt680xfw.usb) | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Genius Colorpage Vivid3x 4x 1200x | 0x0458 | 0x2011 to 0x201f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark X70 also X73 [http://subfusion.net/drivers/oslo3071b2.usb OSLO3071b2.usb] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x043d | <!--Product ID-->0x002d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Medion/Lifetec/Tevion/Cytron MD/LT 9375 and Artec Ultima 2000, MD LT 9385 Gt680xfw.usb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05d8 | <!--Product ID-->0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | BearPaw 2448 CS and TA Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A2Nfw.usb A2Nfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 CS | 0x055f | 0x021e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A1fw.usb A1fw.usb])}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek 1200 CU Plus Scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend PS1Dfw.usb / SBSfw.usb] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2000 }} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1200 UB plus, Trust Compact Scan USB 19200, ScanMagic 1200 UB Plus | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/sbfw.usb sbfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1248 UB aka PC-World PC Line PCL-3000 | 0x055f | 0x021f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/SBSfw.usb SBSfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 2400CS TA aka Goodmans GSC 12/24 | 0x055f | 0x0218 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter untested) }} |- | BearPaw 2400 CS aka TA Plus | 0x055f | 0x0219 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter) }} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 1200 Plus | 0x055f | 0x021c or 0x021b | 0x0 | {{yes|works - [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ firmware required] but slow usb 1.1 speed with poor quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 2400 Plus aka BearPaw 2400 CU Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ PS2Dfw2.usb firmware rename to PS2Dfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021d | 1.00 | {{yes|works slow usb 1.1 speed with ok quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Plustek OpticPro 1248U | 0x07B3 | 0x0400 0x0401 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | Plustek OpticSlim 2400 | 0x07b3 | 0x0422 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (cis3R5B1.fw)}} |- | Visioneer OneTouch 7300 | 0x04a7 | 0x0444 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Cis3r5b1.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek ScanEpress 1200 UB (Plus) clone [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/ use mustek_usb backend] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x055f | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Lexmark - needs testing {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Lexmark X1110 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1140 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1150 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1170 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1180 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1185 | 0x043d | 0x007c | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Lexmark X12xx | | | | {{N/A|untested in USB1.1, not fully tested in USB2.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dell A920 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} HP - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | HP ScanJet 4100C | 0x03f0 | 0x0101 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 5200C | 0x03f0 | 0x0401 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 62X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0201 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 63X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0601 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0102, 0x0105, 0x0205, 0x0305, 0x0405 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0705, 0x0805, 0x0901, 0x0a01 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x1205, 0x1305, 0x2005, 0x2205 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Plustek [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-PLUSTEK LM983x] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Plustek OticPro U12 UT12 UT16 U24 UT24 | 0x07B3 | 0x0010 to 0x0017 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | KYE/Genius Colorpage HR6-V2 HR6A HR7 HR7LE HR6X | 0x0458 | 0x2008 to 0x2016 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 2100C and 2200C | 0x03F0 | 0x0505 and 0x0605 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 and 2400 | 0x0400 | 0x1000 and 0x1001 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | UMAX 3400/3450 and 5400 | 0x1606 | 0x0050, 0x0060 and 0x0160 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1250 and 1260 | 0x04B8 | 0x010f and 0x011d | | {{no|no driver}} |- | CANON CanoScan N650/656U N1220U D660U N670/676U N1240U LIDE20 LIDE25 LIDE30 | 0x04A9 | 0x2206 to 0x2220 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} [http://snapscan.sourceforge.net/ SnapScan] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Acer Benq 310U, 320U, 340U | 0x4a5 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 620U, 620UT, 640U, 640UT | 0x4a5 | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 1240 3300 4300 | 0x4a5 | 0x020 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Agfa SnapScan e10 e20 e25 e26 e40 e42 e50 e52 | 0x06bd | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 660 | 0x04b8 | 0x0114 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1270 1670 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 2480 2580 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 3490 3590 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mitsubishi | 0x0 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==hub.class (self-powered and external ac powered hubs)== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dynamode USB-H41 4 ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Belkin 4 Port | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | Conrad | | | | {{yes|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum] }} |- | DLink DUB-H4 AC Adapter | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | High 0200 | {{maybe|WARNING Genesys Logic Hub Broken - Will cause failures with USB}} |- | [http://service.targa.co.uk/faq.php?lang_id=2&baseid=178&artdesc=SilverCrest+USB+Hub+2040&artid=760&artpic=silvercrestHUB2040.jpg SilverCrest 4-port slim USB 2.0 HUB - HUB2040 (40775) - Targa GmbH] | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | 0901 | {{yes|works Genesys Logic, Inc., [http://service.targa.co.uk/dokumente/USB_HUB_2040_0109_manual_EN.pdf Manual]}} |- | Skymaster | 0x05e3 | 0x0605 | 060B | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | No Name active 4-port | 0x1a40 | 0x0101 | 0111 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thinkpad USB 3.0 Dock DU9019D1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17e9 | <!--Product ID-->0x4302 | <!--Revision-->0014 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works a bit}} classed as dfu.class with two further USB 2.0 hubs - USB 3.0 ports detected and work (2.0 backwards compatibility) - DisplayLink DL-3900 with VIA VL811 chipset - usb ethernet not working - two dvi not working - 20V psu 2a (40w) with a 5.5 - 2.5mm tip (no bus power) - data through a-b printer/scanner usb lead - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==Internet== ===rndis.class USB Tethering === The rndis class provides support for Ethernet access over Remote NDIS. Most USB based devices should be supported including smartfones. Before opening Network Prefs, activate USB Tethering on the Smartfon, on Network prefs, type in usbrndis.device and tick "Start Network during system boot" and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed. When restart AROS my Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again, have to reactivate it before starting the browser. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alcatel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | Huawei U8800 | 0x12d1 | 0x1039 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Huawei | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | HTC (Android phone) | 0x0bb4 | 0x0ffe | | {{Yes|any android phone with usb tethering option}} |- | <!--Description-->Nokia | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Oppo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- |- | <!--Description-->iPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft winPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ===USB &rarr; ethernet lan adaptor=== *2002 playstation 2 usb1.1 era - a little support but very old and slow *2006 wii asix era - a little support but very much miss than hit *2026 usb0: or eth0: of CDC Ethernet protocol (cdcether) with Ethernet Control Model (ECM) and [https://www.usb.org/document-library/class-definitions-communication-devices-12 others like Wireless Mobile Communication Devices WMC] and later CDC EEM (Ethernet Emulation Model) and NCM (Network Control Model) are USB Communication Device Class (CDC) protocols packing more Ethernet traffic over every USB bundle. For CDC Ethernet - NCM is better than EEM is better than ECM * USB1.1 Up to 010 meg broadband (1.25MBytes/s) - ADM8511, DM9601 poor speeds * USB2.0 Up to 400 meg broadband (60MBytes/s) - MCS7830, AX88772 a little especially the 2010 apple version but buy many as very very poor odds of working one * USB3.0 Over 400 meg broadband (60+MBytes/s) - not supported at the moment SANA (Standard Amiga Network Architecture) to usb ADMtek Infineon ADM8511 Pegasus II (USB 1.1 and 10Mbit/s - Sony PlayStation 2 network adapter) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Com 3c460b | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Abocom UFE1000 / Abocom DSB650TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Accton USB320-EC / Accton SpeedStream Ethernet | 0x083a | 0x0320 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|2002 }} |- | AEI USB Fast Ethernet / Allied Telesyn AT-USB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2002 }} |- | ATEN UC-110T | 0x0557 | 0x4000 | | {{unk|2001 }} |- | BAFO USB To Ethernet Adapter BF-310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v1 1101 | 0x050D | | <!--Revision--> | {{maybe|2002 sometimes works from old amiga.org post which is now removed}} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v2 2101 | 0x050D | 0x0121 | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2006 does not works}} |- | Belkin F5U122-PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USB-100 / Billionton USBLP-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USBEL-100 / Billionton USBE-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Compex LinkPort/UE202A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-H3ETX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-650 / D-Link DSB-650TX / D-Link DSB-650TX-PNA | 0x2001 | 0x4000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DU-E10 / D-Link DU-E100 | 0x2001 | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Edimax USB Ethernet Adapter EU-4201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Elsa AG MicroLink USB2 Lan Ethernet adapter | 0x05cc | 0x3000 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GetNet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GIGABYTE GN-BR402W Wireless Router | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway Fellowes USB UE-120 REV:V1 UE120 ADMTek 1011594 HO2419741 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07a6 | <!--Product ID-->0x0986 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2001 USB Specification 1.1 compliant}} |- | GWC Tech USB Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hawking UF100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | HP HN210E / I/O DATA USB ETTX / Kingston KNU101TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Jinco USB Ethernet Adapter 10/100 Base-T UE-110 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Kouwell USB to Ethernet 588A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Linksys USB10T / TA / TX | 0x066b | 0x2202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested - possible peg1/peg2}} |- | Linksys (Cisco) USB100TX / H1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitec LAN-TX/U1 H2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.mayflash.com/psps2/ps2024/ps2024.htm Mayflash PS2024] Playstation2 compatible clone of Proxim/Farallon NetLine? | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with DHCP router option on old 32bit distros but not on newer 64bit, best to go asixeth apple 2010 but buy many of them as poor success rate i.e. a lottery}} |- | Netgear FA101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Philips CPWUE01/00 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Planet UE-9500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | PlayStation 2 SCPH-10000 50000 models | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Proxim (formerly Farallon) NetLine USB PN796-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Siemens SpeedStream USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SOHOware NUB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SMC EZNET-USB 2202USB/ETH / SMC 2206USB/ETH | 0x0707 | 0x0100 0x0200 0x0201 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|untested but should work very well }} |- | Surecom EP-1427X 100/10M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Target USB to 10/100M Fast Ethernet Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-ET100C | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | {{yes| sometimes works well, very stable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Digitus USB NIC DN-3016-A | 0x07a6 | 0x8513 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested new chipset }} |- | Digitus lanusb ADM8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested because new chipset }} |- | VE285 usblan ADMtek 8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{no|not working as new chipset }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Davicom DM9601 eth (USB 1.1 and up to 10Mbit/s) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Davicom USB-100 see clone below | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | [http://wiki.maemo.org/USB_to_ethernet_networking chinese translucent transparent crystal blue] but variants are also found in clear, white and black. Just over 6&nbsp;cm long. | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | 0x0 | {{yes|2002 success can be sporadic so technically okay, but lacking in reliability. Out of 4 tested by me, only 2 worked. One case cracked open. }} |- | Corega FEther USB-TXC | 0x07aa | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dynamode USB-NIC-1427-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hirose USB-100 | 0x0a47 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | KY-RS9600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585358&postcount=12 works] }} |- | ShanTou ST268 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x0268 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | ZT6688 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x6688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->USB 2.0 10/100M Ethenet Adaptor JP1081B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FE6 | <!--Product ID-->0x9700 | <!--Revision-->0101 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|only USB 1.1 10M ethernet support but will plug into an usb 2.0 port}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} MosChip MCS7830 (USB 2) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Digitus DN-10050 | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | Edimax [http://www.edimax.co.uk/images/Image/datasheet/USB/EU-4206/EU-4206.pdf EU-4206] | | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 }} |- | Speed Dragon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | STLabs | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | StarTech Compact USB2105S [http://www.kustompcs.co.uk/acatalog/info_6790.html USB2106S] | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | Sunrich Technologies [http://www.st-lab.com/admin/upfile/UploadFile/manual/manual(u-250).zip U-250] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | Syba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MCS 7832 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * USB2 [https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet Asix Ethernet] AX88178A, AX88772C, AX88772B, AX88772A (wii), AX88172A * USB3 AX88179A, AX88179 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AirLink101 AGIGAUSB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 AX88172}} |- | ATEN UC210T | 0x0557 | 0x2009 | 0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88172}} |- | <!--Description-->Billionton Systems USB2AR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08dd | <!--Product ID-->0x90ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo LUA-U2-KTX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0411 | <!--Product ID-->0x003d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->corega FEther USB2-TX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07aa | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | D-Link DUB-E100 up to rev A4 | 0x2001 | 0x1a00 | | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->D-Link DUB-E100 rev B1 onwards | 0x07d1 or 0x2001 | 0x3c05 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|AX88172 works on Deneb with [http://amigax.com/2010/02/21/usb-ethernet-speed-test-amigaos-4-0-classic/ Amiga OS4 Classic] and [http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 on a1k] }} |- | <!--Description-->goodway corp USB gwusb2e | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1631 | <!--Product ID-->0x6200 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hawking UF200 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[Linksys USB200M] | 0x077b | 0x2226 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585601&postcount=20 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->Netgear FA120 | 0x0846 | 0x1040 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2002 10/100 Rev.B1" is silkscreened on the board of the device populating this entry (S/N: FA12254CB100409, date code 0508). This device may be manuf. by [http://www.cameo.com.tw/ Cameo] "AX88172 L", "F05040157", and "ED3" Chip1 ASIX AX88172 Chip2 Realtek RTL8201BL}} |- | <!--Description-->Intellinet | 0x0b95 | 0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->JVC MP-PRX1 Port Replicator | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04f1 | <!--Product ID-->0x3008 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ST Lab USB Ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sitecom LN-029 "USB 2.0 10/100 Ethernet adapter" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x6189 | <!--Product ID-->0x182d | <!--Revision-->0 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Surecom EP-1427X-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1189 | <!--Product ID-->0x0893 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v2 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|version 2}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->A-LINK NA1GU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 88772}} |- | <!--Description-->AirLink101 ASOHOUSB Wii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AirLive EtherWe-1000U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE AX88772 Model No. A1277 MC704LL/A P/N 825-7098-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 usb2, }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE Model No. A1277 (MB442Z/A 0885909217434) MC704ZM/A PN 825-7579-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|2010 model, usb2 and controller AX88772 where prehaps 1in3 units working with owb - really poor odds i.e. a lottery, could be situation where various ethernet phy chipsets are used - press Use in network prefs after Save initial setup typing in usbasixeth.device, }} |- | <!--Description-->ASIX AX88772 bulbous casing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 works on 32bit and 64bit though setup can take a few attempts but may have issues with phy ethernet chip changing, }} |- | <!--Description-->Datel Wii Lan Adapter DUS0204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4207 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway HE2230 Maplin ASIX 88772 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Intec LAN G5626 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0202 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0301 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB200M Rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13b1 | <!--Product ID-->0x0018 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 sparsely randomly working AX88772 or with "Sana-II Meter Tool 37.11" network monitoring program, showing continuous "Bad Packet" errors which could means "CRC" errors}} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB300M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2009 AX88772 }} |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash W001 or clones Lupo/PEGA S-Wii-0680 light gray rectangular with third of one top 45 degree angled slope | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| may have randomly changed phy ethernet chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Max Value MVF00446 ASIN B006EG568A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises as AX88772 sometimes works on 32bit and 64bit}} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink N14050 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink Wii-ETH USB2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nintendo Wii LAN Adaptor 2110566 and clones | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Poseidon recognises as AX88772 with usbasixeth.device sometimes works seems different ethernet phy chips can be matched affecting compatibility}} |- | <!--Description-->Nyko Wii Net Connect 87024 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585624&postcount=22 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->0Q0 cable ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1557 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E100 (2009/2010) Bulbous housing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises it as ax88772A and typing in usbasixeth.device sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SpeedLink SL-3401-SGY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen 20254 USB2 to 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88772}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Afunta Apple-style White USB2.0 I/O Crest SY-ADA24005 USB 2.0 Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{no|usbasixeth.device accepted by network prefs but does not work}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Basics USB 2.0 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Digitus DN-10050-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Edimax EU-4230 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX NT-USB20 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88772B USB 2.0 to 10/100M | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4208 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772b | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Detected but not working}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB2100 ASIX AX88772C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772D AX88772D] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772E AX88772E] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AX88178 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E1000 i.e. USB 2.0 to Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 LAN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 ASIX AX88178 Controller and Realtek RTL8211CL PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->AX88178A USB 2.0 to 10/100/1000M Gigabit Ethernet controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AmazonBasics USB3.0 adapter [https://github.com/nothingstopsme/AX88179_178A_Linux_Driver AX88179] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cable Matters SuperSpeed USB 3.0 RJ45 adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hori Nintendo Switch 1 USB3 ethernet AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2020 ASIX AX88179 not binding to class, USB 3.2 Gen1 to Gigabit Ethernet controller with integrated 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable AX88179 = [https://plugable.com/products/usb3-e1000-deal USB3-E1000] before mid-2023 or USB3-E1000; AX88179A = USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 controller is AX88179 phy is ??, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTW ax88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000NDS AX88179 USB-A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC301AU AX88179 USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC30B2 AX88179A USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB32000SPT AX88179A USB-c Rev 1 (AX88179) Rev 2 (AX88179A) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->USB32000SPT the Lot code sticker will have a bar code accompanied by a 10 digit number. The 5th and 6th digits of this lot code number would signify the revision. (Ex. xxxx02xxxx which would indicate rev. 2) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SYBA SY-ADA24029 Gigabit AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} may depend on the PHY chip connected to the controller chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TP-Link UE306 AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® Orico UL677G 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® UL688G USB 3.0 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->AX88179 178A |- | <!--Description-->Tecknet UL699G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07b8 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|no support }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen 50922 USB3-A to 100/1000 dark grey rounded barrels | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| ax88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen USB3-C to 100/1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen CR111 20256 usb3 a black plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 i.e. AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179A USB-A, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==USB &rarr; SerialPort Converter== *2002 some support for early revisions of PL2303 *2005 Prolific PL2303H PL-2303X and Pl-2303HX (same usb ids as pl2303) no support *2025 FTDI 232R [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1135&highlight=232r&rowstart=20 work in progress] *2026 CDC-ACM i.e. Serial port over USB standard serialpl2303.class make sure you specify serialpl2303.device {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | ATEN UC-232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0300 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOGear GUC232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0110 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Alcatel | 0x11f7 | 0x02df | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BAFO BF-810 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U103 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Davibe SP611 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dcu10 | 0x0731 | 0x0528 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Elcom | 0x056e | 0x5003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOData | 0x04bb | 0x0a03 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Itegno | 0x0eba | 0x1080 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia CA42 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Radioshack | 0x1453 | 0x4026 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ratoc | 0x0584 | 0xb000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | 0x04e8 | 0x8001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Siemens DCA-510 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN104 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN116 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Some Cut Ma620 | 0x0df7 | 0x0620 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Speed Dragon Multimedia MS3303H | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syntech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Tripp | 0x2478 | 0x2008 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Airlink101 AC-USBS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Belkin F5U103v | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dynamode U232-P9 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 300 | {{no| no driver [http://koti.mbnet.fi/lonnberg/pl2303x.html linux patch] and using lsusb -v -d 067b:2303 gave bMaxPacketSize as 64 - pl2303x }} |- | Konig CABLE-146/2 USB to RS232 | 0x067b | 0x2303 | 400 | {{no|no driver }} |- | MANHATTAN 205146 USB to Serial Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | Sabrent SBT-USC1M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-59 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded black case and lead USB 232 Converter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x067B | <!--Product ID-->0x2303 | <!--Revision-->0300 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- |} [http://www.ftdichip.com/index.html Future Technology Devices International Ltd FTDI]-FT232R.class [https://ftdichip.com/software-examples/code-examples/c-builder/ FTProg src], [http://rtr.ca/ft232r/ ft232r src], [https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DS_FT232R.pdf FT232R datasheet], [], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID-->0x6001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GE-gKgHxZI beware of cheap clones fake with s/n A50285BI SN] |- | <!--Description-->Lynx Astro FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232R |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent CB-FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver TTL-232R cables use FTDI's [http://n1mm.hamdocs.com/tiki-index.php?page=USB+Interface+Devices FT232RQ ic device] }} |- | <!--Description-->Startech.com 1 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 DB9M Adapter Cable with COM Retention ICUSB2321F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL Chipset |- | <!--Description-->StarTech.com 2 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 Adapter Cable ICUSB2322F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FTDI FT2232D Chipset |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL is the SSOP-28 and the FT232RQ is the QFN-32 package option |} [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html ch341a.class] *I2C EEPROMS (3.3V and 5V) compatible and also SPI FLASH memories (3.3V devices) making sure 1.8V is covered *each having their own [https://winraid.level1techs.com/t/guide-how-to-use-a-ch341a-spi-programmer-flasher-with-pictures/33041 4x2 connection blocks] using [https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom flashrom] sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r backup.bin sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w <new bios name> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Jiangsu QinHeng Ltd CH341A emulate UART communication, standard parallel port, memory parallel port and synchronous serial (I2C, SPI) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x5512 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->QinHeng USB2.0-Serial HL-340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x7523 | <!--Revision-->0252 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |} ==simplemidi.class and CAMD== Currently support includes * simplemidi.class SimpleMidi maps some keyboard keys to corresponding computer keys as used by music trackers to emulate a musical keyboard * camdusbmidi.class follows the rules of the m68k implementation of Commodore's CAMD midi specification and usb class compliant for * usb host like a computer * usb device controllers - keyboards, drum machines, djay turntables, grooveboxes, etc * interfaces - cables or boxes which convert usb to 5pin DIN plug midi What is needed is a fully class-compliant '''brand name''' USB MIDI keyboard, especially manufactured in the last 10 years are best *Arturia *Novation *M-Audio *Akai Plugging this in one of your USB ports, the camd.library will make the keyboard's MIDI IN/OUT ports available in the system. Then select the keyboard's MIDI IN port (known as a "cluster" in CAMD) for input, and the software instrument's cluster as output ShowCluster (shows midi ports available in and out) MidiWatch (usually port usbmidi.in.0 less often usbmidi.out.0) (Ctrl-C to end output stream) usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOn 90 39 08 00 usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOff 80 39 00 00 MidiThru (forwards messages from one port to another) run >nil: c:midithru usbmidi.out.0 usbmidi.out.2 MidiSendC (sends a middle C to a specific port) Midi Controller + Sound Module (together aka as a synth) -> Audio Output The difference between midi and midi over USB is that in old school Midi the transmitter transmits whenever it wants and the receiver always has to be prepared to receive data. Easy to do at the rate of a 1990's modem speed these days. USB over midi.. turns midi into a polled protocol.. So the USB host (typically the computer) has to ask "do you have anything for me" before the remote will send. If the USB host gets busy doing other things or there is a lot of things on the USB bus to get polled, you can get delays. For its age midi is still a great protocol for music * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/midi10.pdf USBIF's "USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices" document, version 1.0 from Nov 1, 1999] * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB%20MIDI%20v2_0.pdf MIDI v2.0 from 2020 which AROS still needs, adds support for MIDI 2.0, MIDI-CI, and Universal MIDI Packet] Nearly all synthesizers now use the 16 MIDI channels available on a MIDI bus in one instrument alone, requiring multiple MIDI busses in a typical setup with more than one MIDI instrument. In addition, by handling multiple "virtual" cables, USB offers a solution to go beyond MIDI's 16-channel limit. MIDI data is transferred over USB using 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packets. These packets provide an efficient method to transfer multiple MIDI streams with fixed length messages. The 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packet allows multiple "virtual MIDI cables" routed over the same USB endpoint. This approach minimizes the number of required endpoints. It also makes parsing MIDI events easier by packetizing the separate bytes of a MIDI event into one parsed USB-MIDI event. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Computer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|which acts as USB midi host to get all usb devices talking together}} |- | <!--Description-->Hobbytronics usb host standalone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->bomebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->raspberry pi with several midi interface(s) and linux scripting | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Kenton MIDI USB Host mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acorn Instruments Masterkey 49 device | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested usb powered 5V regulated - similar keybed to keystation 49es but unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Akai SynthStation 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - sticky rubber keys - usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09e8 | <!--Product ID-->0x007c | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and camd usb to use, not tested with apps}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 25 mini key self powered by mini USB lead - sustain port - no top left corner joystick - tested icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->Akai LPK25 LPK37 LPK49 Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested velocity sensitive mini keys with synth action - weak mini USB port - latency issues - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional APC Key 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested 49 key 49-key full-sized, semi-weighted keyboard with aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Max25 MAX49 control keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPK249 MPK261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB2 USB-b - full keys semi-weighted aftertouch - midi in out - sustain and peddle port |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional Advance 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini MKII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - 4 way thumb joystick top left - 25 tiny keys - velocity drum pads - plastic build quality - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Professional APC Key 25 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Play | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - synth basic samples - class compliant? - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys - press and hold the "Prog Select" button then use the "Program" knob to assign a MIDI channel - |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini 3 MKIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09E8 | <!--Product ID-->0x1049 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 USB2 USB-b midi controller connection no 5pin legacy - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys goofy uneven feel of the akai keyboards - press and hold the "Prog Select" button and press pad 1 to 8 to assign a MIDI channel - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai Force / MPC One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro MPK Mini Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested 37 mini keys - class compliant device - usb-b bus powered only with 5pin midi in and out - Shift and Global for Midi Ch - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro Ableton Push Mk 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPC Key 37 49 61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested USB2 usb-b |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Photon PH-25 X25 Midi & USB keyboard/synth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Q88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 untested |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Coda Pro Portable 88-Key Digital Piano USB MIDI Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VI49 VI61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VX49 VX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 1 5-pin MIDI input, 1 5-pin MIDI output, 1 USB port, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Mk2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Recital 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Qmini portable 32-key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested synth - |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 synth - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Analog Experience “The Player” USB MIDI Master Keyboard Model APE25 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb-b bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab MkII Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep 32 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 32 mini keys usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed - reset Press and hold Oct + and Oct – buttons then insert the USB cable - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab mkII | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID-->0x2209 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 USB2 usb-b bus power - metal base heavier than most - Shift and press a key to select the MIDI Channel - To reset to original factory, unplug the USB cable, hold down the Oct- and Oct + buttons, plug the USB cable back in and continue to hold the buttons until the pads turn white - need software to change parameters like velocity sensitive assistance - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK2 MKII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MicroFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 hybrid digital/analog synthesis, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeYIAfn3UMs Arturia Minilab 3] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 untested usb-c bus powered - 25 mini keys semi - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab 3 Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab Essential 49 61 88 mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested usb-c and 1 midi out - lack of aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AstroLab | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK3 MKIII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control UMX490 UMX610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Swing 32-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MOTOR 49 - 49-Key USB/MIDI Master Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU Xboard 25 E-MU X-Board 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key Mkey 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 stops sending MIDI on a regular basis. The simplest "fix" is to flip it off and on via the power switch at the back |- | <!--Description-->CME Ukey U-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 |- | <!--Description-->CME Xkey | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 low-profile aluminium full size pressure sensitive with polyphonic aftertouch but keys make too much noise and that they can be too sensitive to velocity - low power draw 25ma |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key 49 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 simplified version of the U-key Mobiltone |- | <!--Description-->CME XKEY AIR 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->cme xkey 37 le | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner Spaceline DMK-25 Donnerdeal Rantion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner DMK25 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 25 mini velocity keys with limited aftertouch - usb-c powered - 8 drum pads - 3.5mm "midi out" socket - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 expensive later midi usb class compliant with since 1.5 Update |- | <!--Description-->Elecktron Digitone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitone Keys 37-key Digital FM Synthesizer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 expensive |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Analog Four MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Octatrak MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 25xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID-->0x2702 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and usb driver working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 bus powered or 12v 0.5a dc in - metal base so heavy - midi out 5pin - sustain pedal port - modulation slider - rubber coated knobs becomes sticky - |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49xt 61xt 88xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 12v 0.5a center pin +ve external psu required - USB i/o and 1 legacy 5pin out - full sized keys - heavy aluminium case keyboard metal base - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-125 MK-149 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-225C MK-249C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution USB/Midi Controller MK-425C MK-449C MK-461C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|25, 49, 61 keys - }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 9V or 12V - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 37 full keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro Mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 25 or 37 mini keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 mini velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 full velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kawai VPC 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> weighted keys - heavy build - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen Instruments K-Board | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? each keypad makes them velocity, pressure, and location sensitive but not really suited for piano playing |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen BopPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg NanoKontrol 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->mini usb |- | <!--Description-->Korg Prophecy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KORG microKONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 velocity-sensitive Natural Touch keys but joystick is an alternative to the common pitch/modulation wheel design - power draw - |- | <!--Description-->Korg nanoKey nanoPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 |- | <!--Description-->Korg Taktile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY2 25 37 49 61 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|2015 untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB powered - semi weighted - |- | <!--Description-->Korg MiniList | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg MinKey nanoPad nanoPad 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Nautilus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 7 series - Artis 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->fatar TP-8 semi-weighted action |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 A8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Mobile keys 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Tone Port KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Midiman (later M-Audio) Oxygen8 Ozone Ozonic 25 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|not class compliant - untested 5pin legacy }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2004 untested - 25 full keys - slider/fader to left of lcd display - |- | <!--Description-->m-audio oxygen keystation (61 key) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio eKeys 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered and 12v psu - if sliders/faders are on right - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 8v2, 49, 61 (silver) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37e 49e, 61e MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - ok key action - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37es 49se 61es, 88es MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25/49/61/88 (blue) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 [https://m-audio.com/products/view/oxygen-25-legacy advised Class-compliant and GM/GM2/XG SysEx messages] with full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 (2nd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 semi-weighted mini keys - bus powered and 9v psu for 25/49 and 12v for 61 - if sliders/faders are on left - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom Pro 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 poor construction |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Axiom AIR 25 M-Audio Axiom Air Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 III (3rd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested - usb only - rubber keys sticky - |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Keyrig 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - mini usb - plays a few notes and then stops responding randomly - try plugging it into port 1 or 2 on your pc - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 49 MK2 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 USB port and class compliant |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MKIII MIDI keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 usb compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 IV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 choice |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio CTRL-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio ProKeys 88, 88sx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 mini usb - some power or incompatibility issue with the native USB ports of the laptop, plugged in a passive USB 2.0 HUB (not USB 3.0, not powered) |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3328SvuJsLw M-Audio Oxygen25 MKV] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0763 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0023 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - midi in out untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 25 full size semi keys - USB2 usb-b but no 5pin classic plugs - channel select SHIFT button and CHANNEL on keybed - plastic build - holding down both the Octave + and - for factory reset - more limited in what you can do with it than IV 4th one - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 untested semi full keys |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 32 smaller keys - not endless encoders - usb only - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Hammer 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog Minitaur | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-VAVE SMK-25mini 25key MIDI Control Keyboard Y6I0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Primus A25 JamMate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol S88 S61 S49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - weighted keys - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe? |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 all MK2 MK3 power up the keyboard using USB, it will set the keyboards MIDI port to computer MIDI only without any option to set it to use the MIDI DIN, meaning you cannot connect the keyboard to hardware and power from USB, you MUST power with the power adapter and physically unplug from any USB connection - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol A25 A49 A61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/sikorak666/maschine-mikro-mk3-driver Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro Plus MK3 MKIII] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 untested 32 smaller keys - no drum pads - USB only - |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description-->NI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik iBoard 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact LX25+ LX49+ LX61+ LX88+ SE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 budget full-size velocity-sensitive synth-action keyboard - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact GX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB port - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P4 P6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB & USB Micro B, 5-pin MIDI out, 2 x TRS inputs with 49 semi-weighted, velocity sensitive with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Nektar SE25 SE49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> mini keys - micro usb bus powered - velocity and sustain button |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P6 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama T6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nord Stage 3 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> sysex |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 lhs XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not USB class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25SL 49SL 61SL soft label | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - two long top liquid-crystal display LCD strips - XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMOTE 25LE | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected, usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 USB-b powered, 9v center pin positive or 6 MN1500 AA batteries - X/Y touchpad and the combined pitch and modulation joystick - no aftertouch but can use both the legacy MIDI OUT and USB port simultaneously |- | <!--Description-->Novation Nocturn 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 untested sending random pitchbend info |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation MiniNova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 |- | <!--Description-->Novation Impulse 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 velocity aftertouch‑sensitive semi-weighted keyboards and eight backlit pads - USB, 5-pin MIDI out - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Circuit Tracks / Rhythm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB class compliant - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Launchpad Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 8x8 buttons with 16 backlit |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 rotary wheels lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 37 49 61 88 MK3 MKIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 USB class compliant choice - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 sliders lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation 61SL Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Nymphes Dreadbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 6 voice analog synth |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Oberheim MC 2000 EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 88 keys fully weighted - very heavy - |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus ATOM SQ Hybrid MIDI Keyboard/Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://polyend.com/tracker/ Polyend Tracker] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 USB MIDI keyboard controller 49-key |- | <!--Description-->Roland EDIROL PCR-M30 PCR-M50 PCR-M80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol PCR-30 PCR-50 PCR-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 untested 32 key - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-50 PC-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Roland PCR-500 PCR-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 61 velocity-sensitive keys with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 USB port - weighted keys velocity no aftertouch - class compliant with press FUNCTION so it is lit. Press the key labelled "ADV.", Press the "+" button so it is lit - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-200 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 some had fatar keys |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-707 Groovebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-500 A500Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-300 A300Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland JUNO DS, FA, Fantom, JUPITER X / Xm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 (be sure that USB driver is set to "Generic" - requires device rebooting) |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 MKii MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 expensive with USB-c port - hammer-action keyboard weighted keys - Class-compliant if USB-C enables bus power - MIDI 2.0 later - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ROLI Seaboard RISE 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Samson Graphite 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Samson Carbon 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sequential TAKE 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK-161 and VMK-161 Plus Organ version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed - usb midi in out - 9v psu - |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL990XP midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK176 Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->USB and midi connectivity |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL880 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL73 SL88 Studio midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> hammer-action Fatar TP semi-weighted keys |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numa Organ 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 73 key TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed used in nearly all clonewheels |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numacompact 2/2x, Numa X Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero CommandKey49 CommandKey25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SZ-MiniCommand Mini-Command USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SPC61 MIDI Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> bus powered - 5 octave |- | <!--Description-->SubZero ControlKey49S 49 Key Slim MIDI Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Synido TempoKey K25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 25 mini keys - usb-c powered |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Worlde Panda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha KX8 KX49 KX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha CMC-PD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P45B P-45 Digital Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P-115 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested weighted keys - USB midi port |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 should compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Montage, CP73/88, YC, MODX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha PSR-E353, PSR-E443 PSR-S670, PSR-S770, PSR-S970, PSR-A3000, TYROS-5 NP-12, NP-32 DGX-650, DGX-660 P-105, P-115, P-255 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 II V2 Black Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->DJM V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> dj |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Kontrol DJ Pro midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> detected but untested |- | <!--Description-->Numark Mixtrack Pro II USB DJ Controller Djay | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->older generation pioneer DDJ-SX2 dj | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-22 AL22c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-88 Schneidersladen AL88c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum U3-88c Midi Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no CopperLan support Midi network using a UTP Ethernet patch cable) |- | <!--Description-->Behringer BCF2000 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.behringer.com/EN/home.aspx Behringer] BCR2000 1in 2out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B-CONTROL DEEJAY BCD3000 DJ Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMD404 UMD202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU 0404/USB midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->DigiDesign / Focusrite Command 8 Control Surface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 supports MIDI continuous controller (CC) and note data. SysEx dumping and loading is also supported |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 003 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->emagic m4 2x4 AMT8 Unitor 8 Mk2 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x00d0 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0x010 0x0103 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) - 12v 2a psu centre pos - usb mini with rs232 and rs422 serial ports - 16 channels (8-in / 8-out), this rack-mountable unit - |- | <!--Description-->Evolution U-Control UC-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| detected}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guillemot Maxi Studio ISIS Vintage Sound Card MIDI Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ucapps.de/mbhp_usb.html MidiBox] Hardware Platform USB Module | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Control Universal Pro XT with One Two Extenders | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Audiophile USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO old version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio MidiMan 1x1 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 [http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hotplug/ firmware update] |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 2x2 yellowy green blue, green or silver chassis plastic box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|MIDISPORT 2x2 or 4x4 interfaces from previous production series (blue, green or silver chassis) are not class-compliant}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Audiosport Quattro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant as [http://usb-midi-fw.sourceforge.net/ firmware required and that is buggy], |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio UC-33 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 1x1 2x2 4x4 Anniversary Edition, black box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=52920 Mark of the Unicorn Motu Fastlane] 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=560852&postcount=8 not working on OS4]}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Motu Micro Lite 1x1 and MOTU microlite 5x5 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> good unit but poor just plug in support and not class compliant - USB2 usb-b - |- | <!--Description-->Motu MIDI Express 128 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->poor support serial port only - offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) A serial port based MIDI interface or a USB interface without MTS will have a MIDI slop of up to 2ms on record and playback. MTS provides accuracy for record and playback to around .3ms - five times more accurate than serial or non-MTS." |- | <!--Description-->MOTU.com MIDI Express XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 for many USB should have octocoupled connection to reduce groundloop humm, usually the timing is off |- | <!--Description-->MOTU MIDI Timepiece AV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant is one of the best multi-port MIDI interfaces ever made as USB model connects to the computer as an 8x16 interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments GmbH Audio 8 DJ, 4 DJ, 2 DJ | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|needs dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Qcon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|did not match to camdusbmidi.class USB audio midi with onboard DSP}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Corp Edirol UM-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{no|is not bound via camdusbmidi.class }} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not bound to any midi class - 2x2 - tested Aros One USb 2.4 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 USB audio midi with onboard DSP |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-880 8x8 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 under poseidon but could work with run >nil: c:midithru out.0 "EDIROL UM-880.out.2" |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1 blue plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| bound??? via camdusbmidi.class - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 UM-1 - 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1X midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1SX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0052 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2C - 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-1G 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2G 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/spotify/linux/blob/master/sound/usb/usbquirks.h Roland Edirol UA20 UA-20] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-1EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2EX 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 adds a second MIDI OUT |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk UM-3G - 3x3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk ua-25excw 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not class compliant mode |- | <!--Description-->[https://alsa.opensrc.org/Edirol_UA-25EX Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Cakewalk UA25 EX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus B2M Bass MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus G2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg CMC Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Subzero SZ-MB44 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Swisssonic MIDI1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 AmigaOS there is no output at midichannel one and two but if play a midi file there is only output on some channels and if pressed stop the prog freezes or the whole system crashes |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-428 US-422 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2000 not compatible |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tascam.com/Products/US-224.html US-224] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1604 | <!--Product ID-->0x8004 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2002 does not bind to any class |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-1x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-122 MKII midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x8021 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not detected / binding to camdusbmidi.class on AROS 2.4 usb }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 detected but not working 2-in/2-out USB two XLR microphone preamps with phantom power for condenser microphones |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-200 US-400 US-600 US-800 US-1200 US-1800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UX-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE and Pro version midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 dc 6v power - 3 USB hubs, midi in out , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alesis I/O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 powered USB hub required, not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO4 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XTouch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> psu needed |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Compact | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant?, usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Phoria UMD404HD UMD202HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe class compliant - volume low, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME U2 MIDI Pro 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> current model |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 1X1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 early versions with sysex checksum errors |- | <!--Description-->Creative E-MU Xmidi 1x1 Tab (V3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 tab version class compliant but report that when transferring 'System Exclusive' messages (SysEx) the unit could not handle the highest data rate leading to data corruption |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 sysex errors |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini now Avid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox II Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Engl Z7 MIDI Interface (E660/E610/E360/E930) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitar? |- | <!--Description-->Elektron TurboMidi TM-1 1in 1out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U 4x4 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U XL 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U XL 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hardware routing e.g. x on input 5 to synth y on output 7 - ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate II 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI ROM I/O | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 romio version |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U XT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2573 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|is bound via camdusbmidi.class AROS One 2.4 - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8U XT 8in 8out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 discontinued 2018 |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8UEX USB3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U eX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate eX midi interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 curent model, well liked and might class compliant?? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->icon midiport 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iCON CubeMi 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity mio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 class compliant but reported issues with sending System Exclusive (SysEx) MIDI messages and MIDI signals getting cut off |- | <!--Description--> iConnectMidi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->iCM2 iCM4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectMIDI4+ L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 class compliant?? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity MioXL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig MIDI 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant |- | <!--Description-->iRig Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Electronics pro solo mk2 midi to cv converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Midi Thru-25 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Keytech MT18E 8 Way Midi Thru box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 9 to 12v psu required |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 2x2 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech MIT-00151 Midiface 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech Midiface 4x4 8x8 16x16 thru merge | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Miditech Midilink mini 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO only if box is labeled Class Compliant and latest MIDISPORT 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midiman Midisport 2x2 Anniversary Edition [https://gearspace.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/1133862-why-there-hardly-any-midi-interfaces.html not stable enough] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 USB2 usb-b - does not need firmware and supposedly plug and play - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 4x4 Anniversary Edition | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> rumored does not need firmware - supposedly plug and play - issues with its firmware for some and lacks configurable routing |- | <!--Description-->Maudio Fast Track Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant but bus powered, |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Midiflex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 class compliant and usb-b powered - used as a 1 in / 3 out, 2 in / 2 out or 4 out 5pin sockets - |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik IM-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Peavey Xport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitars only |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-ONE UM-1 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 USB class compliant if switch to TAB for class compliant mode rather than the COMPUTER mode |- | <!--Description-->Squarp Hermid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg Midex 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? supporting MIDI Time Stamping protocol |- | <!--Description-->Swissonic MidiConnect 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.midi USB 4x4 (Loud technologies) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2014 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded cable | 0x552d | 0x4348 | F110 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected but no usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->detected but not working the USB-MIDI conversion functionality of the cheapo USB MIDI "cable" interface is simply lacking, possibly being incapable of handling MIDI strings longer than 3 bytes long SysEx strings (e.g. SysEx dumps) - tested in Icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->USB2.0-MIDI Unbranded cable with clear braided underneath leads | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x752D | <!--Revision-->0254 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected binding to camdusbmidi.class but untested midi in / out}} | <!--Opinion-->untested but better to get a branded version - tested AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->LogiLink USB to Midi In-Out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->untested cheap cable version but issues with latency on other systems |- | <!--Description--> gm5 USB midi chip DIY option only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Doremidi LEKATO MIDI USB C Interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Thomann Midi USB 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> Prodipe made |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe MIDI 1i/1o | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} Classic 5pin DIN controllers for above interfaces {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai s5000 s6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi digital samplers |- | <!--Description-->Akai AX80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-3000 CZ-1000 CZ-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cheetah MS6 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 multi-timbral, six-voice (twelve-oscillator), analogue synthesiser module is loaded with CEM 3396s |- | <!--Description-->Ensoniq ESQ1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Integra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Wavestation Ex A/D SR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1986 ex has piano and drum sounds |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-8000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Poly 800 MK1 Poly-800ii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> all plastic and can run on batteries - 49 keys non-velocity dco synt analogue filter |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland D-50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1987 untested greater concern would be moisture and wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland A50 (76) A80 (88) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1989 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND JUNO-D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland Juno 106 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->80s kx73 or kx88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-160A PC-180A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} legacy DIN5 MIDI port only - 6 AA batteries or 9v psu - One regular source of failure for me were emty batteries (even with red control light still active). Another source was a bad MIDI cable - unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description-->Roland M1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland S-550 S-760 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> digital samplers kontakt replaced these? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1983 12bit |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7S DX72IID DX7IIFD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1987 16bit versions |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} The MIDI standard was published in August 1983. The inventors, Kakehashi and Smith finally received a Technical Grammy Award in 2013 for their work. The MIDI files that contained just the note data, velocity and timing meant you could transfer an entire studio session from one place to another on one floppy disk and it could control all the synths and drum samplers. Pass-thru meant that one computer could run an entire bands worth of instruments. It's bulletproof too. MIDI never goes wrong, it's always a bug in software that causes any issue - you can absolutely rely on it to go gigging with, take your synths, controllers and computers and not crash an entire gig at your 100,000 person venue. The MIDI hardware specification is very simple (voltage, polarity, screening, protection and a fast enough opto-isolator), it assumes that the data it sends and receives between MIDI devices is to the MIDI data standard and just passes it on. The microprocessor in the hardware does all the work. The minimum for a computer/MIDI interface is that it meets the MIDI hardware specification. It is attached to the computer bus and handles the electrical conversions required. To meet the MIDI hardware specification, to be class compliant as a USB device all it has to do is report itself properly when plugged in. The other half of the equation is the MIDI data standard, and for a computer MIDI interface the main issue is the speed of data transmission. The bus speed of the computer is faster than the speed of the MIDI standard so it can generate and send MIDI data faster than a MIDI device can receive it. The MIDI standards have nothing to say on that bottleneck at all. MIDI was designed to be very simple and very open, it just defines a standard for the messages and leaves it up to manufacturers to implement them in the way they want. That's what makes it so powerful a tool, and also what makes it so confusing and frustrating at times. For midi, the hardware/software combination at various connection points handles the translation to/from midi (or other protocols). Drivers would be needed for midi, including clock and SysEx signal (actually claiming to handle ALL midi quirks transparently All the important MIDI data types can be sent (CC, NRPN, RPN, MMC, Note On/Off, program change) There is no official way to solve the data bottleneck. Early software sequencers and librarians tried to solve it by having an option to buffer SYSEX data in software and transmit it at the MIDI data rate. The downside is that hogs the bus and can hit computer performance. Interface manufacturers would add a hardware buffer which would take all the MIDI data from the PC bus and feed it into the MIDI at the slower data rate, but that added cost and created timing issues. Things have moved on since then, but the principles remain the same. You can buffer in the hardware or in software, whether that is in the application or the interface driver. SYSEX will work perfectly well with that budget cable if your software handles the buffering. And while the cables with hardware buffers make SYSEX easier, they still have potential problems because of the limitations of the MIDI data rate. Your MIDI clock doesn't like being interrupted with a big program dump The serial / parallel ports were a direct connection, so faster. Now, everything in the computer is virtual and the only thing connected to the hardware is the kernel, hence everything is by default bottlenecked and jittery, regardless of which connection. So by the time the interface gets the information it's already too late. Ethernet network cable to transport MIDI over large distances, connect 2 MIDI In and 2 MIDI Out ports to patch, remap, filter and merge MIDI flows on a fine channel basis for tight MIDI throughput, latency and jitter Possibilities for DAWs of the future including a kind of sync reference for timing reference which an interface could sync to, hence all the timings then would be locked between the grid on the DAW screen and the MIDI info. Preemptible, low latency and accuracy are essential for good communication. One of the first things you need to do, is make sure your MIDI software sets the interface to the same MIDI channel as your keyboard (usually 1) Do you want to send just your master keyboard to other synths or to be able to use any keyboard with any synth? 1st option is relatively simple. Just need to send midi from your master keyboard into a midi splitter that redistributes the signal onto your synths. Each synth will be set up to receive midi on a specific channel so the only challenge is to find a way to select to which channel you are sending midi. Some master keyboards can do that although not many that have a dedicated knob or switch on the panel and most require a bit of menu diving. Could use a midi box that offers channel selection but usually this is not very workflow friendly. The software route would require using the mouse. 2nd option is a bit more complex but superior workflow by sending midi messages into a merge box, from there into a hardware sequencer that allows to select midi channel, then on to a midi interface that distributes the signal to the synths. Master keyboard MIDI-in to computer. External hardware sampler MIDI-out from computer. Audio-out from sampler to audio-in on computer/device. Blue Ribbon Soundworks Bars & Pipes Professional (1993/4) GM (1984), GS (1987), XG level 1-3 (1994-1997), GM level 2 (1999) GM GM1 imposes several requirements beyond the MIDI 1.0 specification. While MIDI 1.0 by itself provides a communication protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level e.g sound modules. GM goes further in two ways. First, GM requires that all compliant MIDI instruments meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 24 notes simultaneously (polyphony). Second, GM attaches specific interpretations to many parameters and control messages which were left unspecified in the MIDI 1.0 specification. A minimum of 128 MIDI Program Numbers (conforming to the GM 1 Instrument Patch Map) and 47 percussion sounds (conforming to the GM 1 Percussion Key Map). Support for controller number 1, 7, 10, 11, 64, 100, 101, 121 and 123; support for channel pressure and pitch bend controllers. General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI (GM) and Roland GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA). * Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes * MIDI Channels: 16 * Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels) * Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11) Program and bank change events General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM (General MIDI 1) sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluuHrr7HG4 Major WWHWWWH, Minor WHWWHWW scale], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jjm7Ti-iwz0 Chords], ==usb audio== AROS currently does not support natively any USB audio interface for recording audio USB audio is only available for limited Amiga like OSs, independent of the USB protocol version USB1.x USB2, USB3.x, which are not backwards compatible. *Introduced 2000 and from 2014 USB Audio 1 UAC1 16bit 44.1kHz *Introduced 2006 and from 2014 USB Audio 2 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-device-class-definition-audio-devices-release-20-errata-and-ecn-through-april UAC2] 24bit 192kHz *Introduced 2016 and from 2024 USB Audio 3 [https://www.usb.org/documents UAC3] 32bit 384kHz USB group decided to rewrite the audio standard, so [https://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/usbaudio2.lha UAC2] and [https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/attachments/slides/3345/export/events/attachments/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/slides/3345/Linux_and_USB_Audio_Class_3___FOSDEM_2019.pdf UAC3]. They added clock selection and control, timing domains and others. Part of the changes included changing many of the descriptors that an audio device uses to describe itself to the machine. PsdErrorlog/PsdDevlister? The AHI driver generated only supports mono/stereo at any bit rates between 8 and 32 bit per sample, but not multichannel modes and only rates up to 65KHz (because AHI uses a 16-bit word for frequencies). If the soundcard does not offer such a PCM 8-32 bit mode at frequencies lower than 65 KHz, there's nothing much that can be done about it on the computer side other than revising and expanding the AHI standard. Most cheap USB soundcards do though. AHI does not support six channel playback. It only supports mono, stereo and multichannel (8 channels). Due to the multichannel mode not being used by any application so far, the usbaudio.class does not support multichannel playback, especially not "upchannelling" stereo to six or more channels. If this USB device does not support a two channel mode, you can't use it under AHI. Untested but most likely to work, at least 2 mic inputs (low impedance) & instruments (high impedance) and made in the last 10 years *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMuA-2FbJxE Entry level <100Euro] BOMGE U202, Behringer UMC, Presonus Studio, *[ Next tier <200Euro] Audient iD, Solid SSL2 and SSL2+, Lewitt, Focusrite Scarlett, Arturia MiniFuse, *[ Prosumer <300Euro] Focusrite Clarett+, *[ Professional <500Euro] RME Babyface, *[ Studio >500Euros] Bands may need 4 or more mic inputs [http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=38364030 XDA Forum thread], <pre> <- Computer <- Mobile Phone / Tablet (OTG) <- Digital Cameras <- Video <- Webcams Base Computer <-> OBS like <- Audio Mixer <- Microphone(s) -> Internet -> Youtube & Chat </pre> USB AUDIO CARDS - UAC Compliant {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Records ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Mini Fuse 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp 1 combi input, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant usb-c with usb2.0, okay pre amps with good dynamic range 110dB, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, two combi inputs for mic, line or guitar, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay 110dB dynamic range, -129dB EIN, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AudioFuse 16Rig | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 mk1 mki | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient evo4 EVO8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD4 mk2 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient id14 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant and usb-c bus powered, good, , 0-in/14-out audio interface with ADAT expandability, balanced inserts |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 Mk2 Mkii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC22 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC202HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps ein -129 dBu, 24bit ADC, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC404HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps, 24bit adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC204HD 192 Empower Tribe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID-->0x0508 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMC1820 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2016, bus complaint?, okay midas pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UM2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, poor zenyx pre-amps with high noise floor, plastic build no rf shielding, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, , , midi, strictly NEC USB 2.0, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 Gen 1 MOSC0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, but |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 1 MOSC0003 *TP1 - 3.3V, tested ok *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present at all time. *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - 48V, tested ok *TP7 - Ground *TP8 - Ground | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 usually avoid early Gen 1, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/08/75-focusrite-scarlett-2i4-1st-gen.html Focusrite Scarlet 2i4 Gen 1 (slide toggles) MOSC0004] *TP1 - 3.3V, tested 3.22v *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - measure 47.72v * AKM 4384ET (VDD 5v) * Cirrus Logic CS4272-CZZ (VA 4.94v/ VD 3.2v/ VL 3.2v) * all four HC4066 (VCC 4.96v) * XMOS XS1-L01A-TQ128-C5 (all VDD 1.08v/ all VVDIO 3.23v/ PPLAVDD 0.99v/ PCU-VDDIO 3.23v) 2i4S *TP1 seems to be 0V *TP2 should be 5V *TP3 should be *TP6 should be 48V *TP8 should be 3.3V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps JRC NJM2122 and NJM4565, [https://statics.cirrus.com/pubs/proDatasheet/CS4272_F1.pdf CS4272 adc], [https://pdf.datasheet.live/e5e5fd1c/akm.com/AK4384.pdf AK4384 output pair], Xmos XS1-L8A-64-TQ128 processor and firmware in Winbond 25X40CL 4Mbit, an SMSC Microchip USB3343 interface and a Microchip PL611 clock generator - two Intersil / Renesas ISL97519A for the phantom power rail, two OnSemi NCP1521B for the 3.3V (digital) and 1V (Xmos core) rails - |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite iTrack Solo USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 1st Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->[http://wiki.linuxaudio.org/wiki/current_audio_gear Focusrite ] Scarlett 4i4 Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen1 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , , 12v psu, the headphone outs mirror the outs on the back panel, so that's six independent outs. 4 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2019/03/38-focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen1-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 1st Gen MOSC0008] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, JRC NJM4565 provide most of the opamps, pair of JRC NJM2122's for inputs 1 and 2, [http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/76/cs4272_f1-43250.pdf Cirrus CS4272], 12v 1a +central psu to a pair of National Semiconductor LM2672 for 3.3V rail and the +6.9V rail, Xmos XS1–L16A–128 dual-row QFN package, firmware a Winbond 25X40C 4Mbit SPI Flash and an SMSC USB3343 interface chip, the two headphone outs are completely independent so 6 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Clarett+ 8Pre | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 great, expensive, maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0006 *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz CS4272 as well as an additional AKM AK4384ET for the second stereo output pair, 4 screws under bottom rubber, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/07/focusrite-scarlett-2i4-2nd-gen-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 2i4 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0014] *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps NJM2122's, NJM4565's and CMOS switches (HEF4053 and HEF4066), CS4272 and a AKM AK4384ET, Xmos XU208-256-TQ64-C10 with firmware stored in a Macronix MX25L8006E 8Mbit flash memory, clocking by a Cirrus Logic CS2100, an MP1542 boost converter creates +6V and -6V rails, powering the opamps and the rest of the analog circuitry, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen2 MOSC0016 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 2nd Gen MOSC0019 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2024/03/focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen2-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 2nd Gen MOSC00] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 3rd Gen MOSC0024 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant usb-c but usb2, preamps, ad/dc 24bit 192kHz, most Focusrite gen3 interfaces have encrypted processors, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 Gen3 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB2 class compliant device, but with custom mixer interface |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 3 (push in switches) MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8210 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB-c bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic xfr002c and cs4272 chips, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 3rd gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 3rd Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8214 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, , , no screws under the rubber pads on the bottom, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo Studio Mk3 USB Audio Interface MOSC0030 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Studio 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt Connect 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Motu UltraLite AVB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> usb not compliant? |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant?, usb-c, good pre amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU U2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, good but latest had hardware revision |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nuemann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, usb1.1 usb-b bus powered, okay pre-amps, 24bit ADC 48Khz max, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Audiobox 1818VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox 44VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox 22VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|4 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, usb-b, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 6|8 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe compliant, needs ext psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 24c 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 26c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus® Studio 68c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox USB 96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, high preamp noise, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Quantum ES2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism Lyra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb- UAC2 asynchronous protocol, 64dB Low-noise Mic amplifier, 32Bit High End ADC and DAC, 16dBu High-power ti headphone amplifier |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Platane | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface/UC/UFX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 might be able to put into class compliant cc although a firewire device, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface Pro FS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 might be class compliant usb-b, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ Mk1 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL12 SSL18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, bus powered, good pre-amps, up to 32-bit 192kHz AD/DA converters, 12-in 8-out, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, good pre amps ein -130 dBu, ad/dc, okay latency, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Topping E1x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->Topping Pro E2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->UAD UA Apollo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo 2nd Gen twin X (Duo/Quad), X4, X6, X8, X8P, and X16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo twin x quad 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->|Universal Audio Volt 276 2|76 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI01 Electromusic Interface Expander - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, 4-in/4-out USB 2.0 audio interface with a built-in USB hub and MIDI I/O, up to 24-bit/96kHz |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI02 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Alesis io2 io|2, io14 io|14, io26 io|26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered but not usb compliant, okay pre-amps, 2, 4 or 8 mics respectively, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis iO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Core 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe cc, mini usb, poor latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel two‑in, two‑out, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb for basic features, , , single‑channel up to 48kHz |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant usb- and maybe aa batteries, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble Thunderbolt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Boom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ART PRO Audio Usb Mix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant bus powered, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 1 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID-->01000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 mbox original was usb1 and not a usb class compliant device, and had the much hated "focusrite designed" mic preamps, light blue front plate and the sticky out feet |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Pro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Micro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->AVID MBox 3rd gen Mini or Standard but Pro is Firewire | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->behringer u-control uca202 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2902 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, draws a lot of power - dac ti burr-brown - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-CONTROL UCA 222 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 maybe usb compliant, - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Black Lion Audio 2x2 evolution | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant but , okay with 109dB range - poor noise floor, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic CS4272, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 11s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 22s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge BMG22 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb-c, 24bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower , may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2702E PCM2704 PCM2704C Muse Audio Mini USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2704 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2900 PCM2902 PCM2906 USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2900 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng MD22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 2|6 em2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ego Systems, Inc. in Korea (ESI) joining with RIDI GmbH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->esi Mixvibes U46 Mk II USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI ESU22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->esi U24XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 24 bits, 2 analogue inputs and outputs with 6.3 mm jack connection, Output L can be used as a headphone output, S / PDIF digital input - |- | <!--Description-->esi U46XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MAYA22USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI MAYA44USB+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MARA22XTU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI U22XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb class compliant |- | <!--Description-->ESI Gigaport Ex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 usb compliant?, usb-c usb3.1, , , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectAUDIO2+ icaudio-02 USB audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->LexiconPro - Omega 8x4x2 (USB-1.1) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb complaint |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Alpha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Lambda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 may not be compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Toneport UX1 and Tone Port UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 TonePort UX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio UX1 UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lokchonk UX22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljSiNmudMm0 Lokchonk UX44HD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b , , , 2in 2out only, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Artist 1·2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Producer 2X2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b midi |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Blackjack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 USB powered but maybe not usb compliant, Two Onyx Preamps, 2-in, 2-out which are combo Neutrik-type connectors to handle XLR, instrument or line level |- | <!--Description-->Mackie | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, , , |- | <!--Description-->Media Assistance USB-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not uac cc comliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe not usb compliant, - guitar |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb cc providing 24-bit/96kHz audio capabilities but requires manual configuration of the mixer settings |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 usb compliant?, okay - guitar and vocal mainly |- | <!--Description-->[https://htyp.org/M-Audio/Fast_Track_Ultra/Linux M-Audio FastTrack Ultra] and Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, low round-trip latency, okay octane pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track 2x2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre-amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track (MkII) 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track Solo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf shielding, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf sheild, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NI AK1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.pogo.org.uk/~mark/linuxdj/ Native Instruments Traktor Audio 8 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 4 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 2 DJ], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID-->0x1978, 0x0839, 0x041C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, [https://mixxx.discourse.group/t/problems-with-native-instruments-audio-8-dj-on-linux/14719/2 Audio 8 device has 4 subunits which are not recognized correctly], Cirrus Logic DACs spec'd at 24-bit/96KHz over a USB2, |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 96kHz adc, ocassional dropouts, plastic build top with metal around 3/4, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Komplete Audio 1 and 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, good pre amp ein -129.5 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->[https://support.native-instruments.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014683497-Apple-Silicon-Compatibility-News Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk2] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 192kHz adc, black aluminum glass build, |- | <!--Description-->[ Native Instruments Traktor Pro] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub 2x4 NOVHUB01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, no xlr, focusrite sounds inside, |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe Studio 22 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-3 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1998 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-30 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA1A UA-1D Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-5 Audio Capture (Roland) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1000 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1EX, Cakewalk UA-1G | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant driver also supports ASIO (Steinberg Audio Stream I/O Interface), noisy |- | <!--Description-->Roland Duo Capture UA-11 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland QUAD-CAPTURE Analog 2x2 Digital 2x2 USB 2.0 4in/4out | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant, usb-b powered |- | <!--Description-->[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden/Setup Roland Edirol UA-101 and UA-1000 (Clemens Ladisch driver)] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/mmueller-kaffeeschluerfercom/UA-25-Firmware-Modification Roland Edirol ua-25] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 maybe usb compliant 16bit 44.1kHz sampling without MIDI but not USB class complient when in Advanced mode for 24bit or midi |- | <!--Description-->Edirol by Roland USB AudioCapture UA-25EX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x00e6, 0x00e7 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant if ADVANCED DRIVER switched to OFF might play and record at 44.1kHz and 16-bit samples |- | <!--Description-->Roland Audio Interface V-Studio 20 VS-20 Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Quad Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x012f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not USB class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland DUO-CAPTURE EX UA-22 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0159 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant but not be used with a USB 3.0 port that is not compatible with USB 2.0 specification, vs pre amps, adc, three AA batteries in base, or an AC adapter psb-1u 9V 2A - |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix22 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix24 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg (2004 Yamaha buys) MIDI interface hardware including the CC like CC121 CC-121 and CI1 CI2 series. | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR12 UR22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44 usb audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR242 audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, usb powered or 5v psu, okay pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, okay pre-amps ein -123 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR-RT 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, usb2.0 usb-b, pre-amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44C (USB3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg URX22C UR22C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, preamps okay but little noisy, ad/dc. |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22 MkIII UR series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb-c, okay pre-amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.USB 2x2 (Loud technologies WA, USA) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not compliant, usb-b, poor pre-amps hum, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-tools.git;a=blob;f=usx2yloader/README;hb=3843634ef0310a952b256bcb6a4ddd0ad4ebe396 Teac Tascam US-422 US-428 US2XYloader] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122 US-224 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb compliant, needing firmware usx2yloader/us122fw.ihx for audio sound card - Tascam US-122 and US-122L are not the same - |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122L | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x800e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, obsolete needs tascam_loader.ihx and us122fw.ihx firmware loaded each time unless automated |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US122 US-122 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US144 US-144 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-200 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac US-366 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-600 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-800 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam iU2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant?, 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb compliant?, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->teyun q12 Q-12, q22 Q-22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Teyun q26 Q-26, q24 Q-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UW500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 3 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp, 16bit 44kHz adc no advanced features without dedicated asio driver, 1 xlr, 1 instrument, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 6 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, okay, 2 xlr, 2 instrument, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC-232 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.arcam.co.uk/products,rseries,usb-dacs,rPAC.htm Arcam rPac] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioquest Dragonfly | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioengine D1 Premium 24-bit DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 (Burr Brown PCM 1716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 + Burson Buffer + MK3 JKSPDIF | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://epiphany-acoustics.co.uk/products-page/dacs/e-dac-24bit-miniature-usb-dac/ Epiphany E-DAC 24bit] ES9023 DAC chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio FUBAR II Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio iLoveTW 24Bit USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO D5 ta2020 chip amp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E07K Andes | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E17 Alpen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Magnum | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Martini-U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Vulcan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Halide Design DAC HD (Wolfson WM8716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->HRT Steamer II USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->John Kenny JKDAC uses a 24-bit/192&nbsp;kHz Sabre ES9022 DAC or better JKDAC32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> iBasso D12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Leckerton UHA-6S MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MyST 1866 PortaDAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Objective DAC ODAC+O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rega DAC (Wolfson WM8742) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.henryaudio.com/open-source.php Henry Audio USB DAC 128 also known as QNKTC AB-1.2 open source DAC] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Henry Audio mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->AKM4430 DAC chip comes from Asahi Kasai |- | <!--Description-->DevilSound USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KingRex UD-01 SE (Burr-Brown PCM 2702E) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SuperPro 24/192 USB DAC (24bit 192&nbsp;kHz, CS-4398 D/A chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM108 7.1ch emulation I2S in and out | 0x1926 | 0x0003 | 0x0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | [http://www.lindy.co.uk/usb-2-audio-adapter/42961.html Lindy USB 2.0] (Chipset CM108) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Speed-Link SL-8850-SBK Vigo ([http://mightyohm.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1036#p1030 CMedia CM108]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode USB SOUNDCARD 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x1130 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode Virtual 7.1 USB-SOUND7 (C-Media ) | 0x0d8c | 0x000c 0x000e | 1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Generic White box with very little red led and white USB lead (CMedia ) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID--> 0c000e | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | CM109 CiT SC-U119 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM1197.1ch I2C MCU port Penguin | 0x0D8C | 0x0000 | 0x010 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sweex 7.1 Startech External USB, WMA Blue metal box SYBA SD-AUD20040, Sabrent USB-SND8, Sewell Vantec NBA-200U (C-Media CM6206 CM106 like) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x0102 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->50/50 if the item is detected but does not work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Labs SoundBlaster X-fi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi Go | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Sound Blaster Play! USB sound adapter (SB1140) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> working with [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=646431&postcount=15 Deneb on OS3] |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U1 (ASUS UA100 USB Audio Chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Griffin iMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Transit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Icemat Siberia (steel series) (Cmedia chipset) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->JMTek HY554, ZyXEL NSA-220, Logilink (Tenx Technology TP6911 and SSS-1623 headphone set) | 0x0C76 0x1130 | 0x1605 0x1607 0xf211 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> reports on other OS not good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Plantronics "DSP Adapter-01" (or "USB Adapter-02") | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rocksmith Real Tone Cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RSA Intruder Predator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->StarTech ICUSBAUDIO7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x000c | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Stoner Acoustics UD100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac UDH01-B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TerraTec Electronic GmbH Aureon Dual USB | 0x0ccd | 0x0077 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Phase26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust 510 EX 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech A-5572A USB 2.0 to 3.5mm jacks Virtual 7.1 Surround Sound Adapter or accessory of Logitech Clearchat pro USB or Logitech USB Headset H530 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x046D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-10 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-12 USB-C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Amigo Micro II USB Sound Card & Headset Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10F5 | <!--Product ID-->0x0211 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vantec NBA-100U 7.1 Channel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |} Companies including Access, Alesis, Allen&Heath, American Audio, CME, ESI, Infrasonic, Lexicon, Numark, Presonus, Reloop, SIMS, Sound Devices, Steinberg, Swissonic, Tascam, Terrasoniq, Terratec, Yamaha and Yellowtec decided to license and bundle this driver. So fully functional custom drivers are available for Access Virus TI, Access Virus TI snow, Alesis Multimix 8 USB2.0, Alesis Multimix 16 USB2.0, Allen&Heath XONE:2D, Allen&Heath XONE:3D, Allen&Heath XONE:4D, Allen&Heath XONE:DX, Allen&Heath XONE:DB4, American Audio Versa Port, CME XCORPIO, ESI ESU1808, ESI Gigaport AG / DG, ESI Maya 44 USB, Infrasonic Amon, Lexicon I-ONIX U22, Lexicon I-ONIX U42S, Lexicon I-ONIX U82S, Mindprint DI-MOD USB, Numark DJ IO, Numark NS6, Numark NS7, Numark Omni Control, Numark V7, Presonus Audiobox USB, Reloop Digital Jockey, SIMS Primus, Sound Devices USB pre, Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4, Swissonic Easy USB, Tascam M-164UF, Tascam US-122L, Tascam US-144, Tascam US-Tascam US-144mkII 122mkII, Tascam US-200, Tascam US-600, Tascam US-1641, Tascam US-1800, Tascam US-2000, Terratec Area 61, Terrasoniq Phase X64, Terratec Phase 26 USB, Yamaha UW10, Yamaha UW500, Yellowtec PUC2 and many others. Well, those companies are using the same driver framework because all of those interfaces use the same microprocessor/firmware architecture to communicate with the USB bus. Just like almost all FireWire audio interfaces use the same TC Dice or BridgeCo chipsets. Usually it does not make sense for companies to develop their own USB1.1/USB2/FW framework for a product they are going to sell for <$500. However, that isn't the end of the story. The companies who develop audio interfaces implement different features into their devices and must update the driver and firmware to accommodate those features. That is where things can go wrong. Sometimes there is miss-communication about how things are coded, sometimes the developer who started a project leaves without transferring his knowledge to his successor, etc. You have to keep in mind that there are no "big" computer audio companies. Even the companies that seem big in the scale of the market, probably have fewer employees than you'd think. A very well made interface that is designed from scratch from the ground up would be a very expensive device, regardless of whether it's USB, FW, PCIe or whatever. Round-trip latency is the sum of the following: <pre> ASIO input buffer ASIO output buffer A/D D/A converter latency The driver's hidden safety buffer </pre> At a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k, Tascam units yield ~18ms total round-trip latency. Typical USB audio interfaces use a large hidden safety buffer. This helps ensure glitch-free playback... even under less than ideal circumstances. But... this comes at the expense of much higher round-trip latency. Short of doubling the sample-rate, there's no means of mitigating the higher round-trip latency. If you have no plans of ever monitoring in realtime thru software based EFX/processing (ie: playing/monitoring DI bass thru an AmpSim plugin as you're playing), then this may not matter to you. If you want the ability this play/monitor in realtime thru software based EFX/processing, make sure to get an audio interface that yields low round-trip latency. As a point of reference the best PCI/e audio interfaces yield about 5ms total round-trip latency at a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k The best Firewire and USB units yield 5.5-5.6ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Typical USB and Firewire units (that use a large hidden safety buffer) yield 12-18ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Anything above ~6ms starts to feel sluggish. Anything above ~10ms feels like playing thru molasses. USB Microphones {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato WaveMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver lightweight }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx solocast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx quadcast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sennheiser CC510 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis USB-Mic microphone podcasting kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2020 (AT202) AT4040 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2035 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball iCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardioid only }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL 2001A/600 Studio Microphone Pack / MXL 2003A Studio Condenser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeChat LX-3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Namtai SingStar(TM) PS2 SCEH-0001 USBMIC | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1415 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mono microphones }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Neumann | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren Mini USB Condenser Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rockband USB Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A VideoMic Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode Podcaster 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| RODECaster Pro usb audio compatible}} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A NT2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NT2 better }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Roland R-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic - Portable USB Microphone for Recording | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mini usb r.h.s. and clip on the bottom left hand side}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic Clip On USB Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| switch to choose between Cardiod, Omni and -10&nbsp;dB modes, a 3.5mm headphone socket and a USB socket}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C01U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardoid only}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C03U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7 USB Podcast Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->SONY PCM-D50 handy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PCM-M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->TASCAM DR-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008, one mini usb out, lithium battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009, one mini usb out, aa battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011, one mini usb port for file transfer and charging the AA batteries }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 mini usb aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 , one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb 3 aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-100mkIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0095 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0120 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 no driver, mini usb 5V and display will alternate between USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f press the Record. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n PRO | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested, 2xlr, 5v mini usb, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 no driver, 5v mini usb, 2 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1n-vp handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6studio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 untested usb a cord, no hdmi, 480p}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3HD Handy Video Recorder | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 untested, built in usb-a cord, mini hdmi, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries, H.264 movies 480p }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q2HD Handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested, up 720p but no stablisation, mini usb cord, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio Technica ATR4697-USB Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CAD Audio CAD USB Condenser Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL AC-44 Boundary Conferencing Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Audio SAUB1 Boundary Microphone (USB) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} USB Speakers {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Focal XS 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} USB Headset Wired/Wireless {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Logitech Vantage Wired (came free with PS2 Socom3) | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G330 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech Premium USB Stereo Headset 350 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics DSP-300 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics GameCom 777 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G-930 Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/set-usb-wireless-earphones/ Plantronics Audio 995 Wireless RF] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Sennheiser Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be1e0QPIPK0 Mixers] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ALESIS MULTIMIX 4 CHANNEL USB MIXER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB FX (USB 1.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, 18v 500mA - |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB 2.0 FX (USB 2.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen&Heath MixWiz16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Allen and Heath ZED Power 1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 8 xlr, usb-b out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen & Heath ZEDi-10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX 302USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 5-Input Mixer/Audio Interface - 1 xlr - }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q502USB Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 1 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q802USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->BEHRINGER XENYX 1204USB 8-Channel 2-Bus Mixer USB/Audio Interface Studio/Live | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle psu lead - can develop constant background hiss over time |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX X1222USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver - 12-Channel Analog Mixer with USB Interface and Effects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng HT-7 HT7USB 7 Channel Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2023 cheap no driver, USB MP3 player to work, format your USB stick Fat32 as a Logical drive - not primary}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng XT7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng DT8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Spirit soundcraft Folio FX8 with Lexicon Effects Processor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} unusual power connector - [https://github.com/lack/soundcraft-utils usb routing] - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver, cheap mixer with 3pin ac input (introduces noise) and 1 usb-a port}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7-Pro 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic A80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2024 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} Mixer no hardware usb {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->ALTO Lynx MIX82FX Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Alto L16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MXUL5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MX602A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 17.5V 3pin psu needed}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB802 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 4 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer RX1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer 802 XENYX 8-Input 2-Bus Mixer Small Format Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 18.5V ???ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx 502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->IMG stage Line MMX-122 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, iec cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 802VLZ4 Mackie 802-VLZ4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb , psu}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 1202-VLZ Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, mains iec}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix5 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 18v 300mA psu - 5 Channel - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix8 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 9v x2 600mA psu - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie MIX12FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, 9v 500mA x2 psu, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.soundcraft.com/en/product_documents/en/owners_manual Soundcraft] Spirit Folio F1 Fader 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} 16 Channel Mixer - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Harman Soundcraft EPM 12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle power lead - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM 16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 8FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 124FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, 14.8V x2 3 pin psu}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->t.mix xmix 1402fx mp usb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, mains iec, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- |} ==Webcameras== A USB camera has two dedicated chips: a controller or bridge and an image sensor. There was no Commodore support for video interfaces. The only commercial, now discontinued application that defined some sort of standard was VHI Studio by iospirit. ===OLD standards=== See [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_supported_e.html support pages] and [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_faq_e.html here] and some [http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras/index.php?orderBy=status further compatibility] Pencam STV680 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AIPTEK stv680 | 0x0553 | 0x0202 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Konica e-mini | 0x04c8 | 0x0722 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | DigitalDream l'espion XS | 0x1183 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://reviews.cnet.com/webcams/creative-webcam-go/1707-6502_7-1446174.html Creative WebCam Go mini] | 0x041e | 0x4007 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} SonixcamTool (Sonix webcams and derivates) '''Note [http://amigadev.free.fr/sonix/ some] Sonix Webcams with a Sonix SN9C1xx controller ''and'' a pas106b or tas5110c1b sensor support bulk mode which works even with pciusb.device!''' {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Macally IceCam II | 0x0c45 | 0x05d8 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sweex MiniCam 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6005 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110c1b}} |- | Macally IceCam Portable | 0x0c45 | 0x6007 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110d}} |- | Sweex 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6009 | 0x0101 | {{yes|bulk works - sensor pas106b}} |- | [http://www.epinions.com/pr-Chicony_TwinkleCam_Webcam/display_~full_specs Chicony Twinkle DC-2110A] | 0x0c45 | 0x600d | | {{no|no}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x601e | | {{no|no}} |- | USB PC Camera (SN9C102) | 0x0c45 | 0x6028 | | {{no|no - sn9c10x + pas202b}} |- | Trust SpaceC@m 120 and 150 | 0x0c45 | 0x6029 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor pas106a}} |- | HiRes Webcam Live | 0x0c45 | 0x602c | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | [http://www.sweex.com/en/assortiment/sound-vision/webcams/JA000020 Sweex USB Webcam 300K] | 0x0c45 | 0x608f | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Speedlink Sphere Webcam SL-6820, 350K | 0x0c45 | 0x613c | 0x0101 | {{N/A|untested - sensor HV7131R}} |- | WB-3250P | 0x0c45 | 0x613e | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x6207 | | {{no|no}} |} <pre> micromaxx USB Camera STM 1363 514 works --- USB Tower Lego 1684 1 works need NCQ Trust Spycam 100plus STM 1363 514 works </pre> ov51x.class - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link VGA Webcam (640x480) | 0x05a9 | 0x8519 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Logitech/Logicool Black (ov519) SCEH-0004 | 0x054c | 0x0154 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Namtai Silver (ov519) SLEH-00031 SLEH-00030 | 0x054c | 0x0155 | | {{no|no driver}} |- |} ===UVC.class - [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set USB Device Class Definition for Video Devices or USB Video Class]=== AROS needs realtime isochronous transfers in EHCI and XHCI, then a usb uvc.class which might create a virtual UVC.VHI type device driver for use by AROS apps since 2019 the market is filled with UVC Compliant USB HDMI Capture {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HD VS009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k 60hz ok for chat streams}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HDMI HDR Game Live Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| for chat streams }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AJA U-tap HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->ASUS TUF CU4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATEN CAMLIVE HDMI to USB-C UVC Video Capture adapter UC3020 HDMI (F) TO USB-C M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 possibly UVC and UAC standard support allows up to 1080P @ 60}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Live Streamer Cap 4K - BU113 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc usb3}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC515 video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra GC553 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra S GC553PROW 302AGC553DL2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1553 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 powered by good quality type C USB3 cable and 4K HDMI 2.0 cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVermedia Live Gamer Mini GC311 302AGC311DG9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1311 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc compliant up to 1080p 60fps capture and supports internal hardware H.264 encoding }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Ez Recorder 330 (ER330) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 designed to work independently and is generally not compatible as a plug-and-play UVC capture card }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer extreme3 GC551G2 (LGX3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x3551 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc compliant for intensive gaming streams, some vrr but no hdr with maximum recording resolution of 4K30/1080p60 from fully wired usb3 compatible cable - passing through 4K60/1080p120 Game Capture video capturing device HDMI}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra Pro GC553Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 usb3 }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra 2.1 GC553G2 61GC553G20BV video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC575 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AVMatrix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ClonerAlliance Flint 4KP Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->DIGITNOW U600 video capture card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/elgatosf/capture-device-support Elgato HD60 S+] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID-->0x006C, 0x006E | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 4K 30FPS capture, 1080p 60FPS uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60 X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K HDMI video capture card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 uvc compliant but can have usb disconnects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 lite USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 USB 3.0 device }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap Game Link Raw - ezcap321 usb3.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 2160p30, 1080p120 and 1440p60 HDMI input and pass-through. - 1080p120, 2160p30 and 1440p60 recording. - Latency less than 50ms uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCap GameDock Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 record at 4K30, 1440p60, and 1080p120}} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap 360 Game Capture Extreme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 USB 3.0, 4K 60FPS passthru and 1080p 240FPS}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCAP 364 GameDock Extreme 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genki ShadowCast 1 & 2, the Pro version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HAUPPAUGE HD PVR Pro 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 4K in/Out 1080P 60fps Capture and Streaming PC Connected and Stand Alone }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kondor Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nanjing Magewell Electronics Co ltd USB 3.0 XI100DUSB-HDMI Pro Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB3.0 Silver HDMI Full HD Video Capture Device 1080p 32011 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 usb audio extract HDMI embedded audio output via headphones}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI PLUS 2K 32040 320400000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 captures video up to 1920×1200, 1920×1080 or 2048×1080 at 60 fps over an HDMI capture from devices such as game consoles in up to DCI 4Kp60 4:2:0 input resolution, and it automatically upscales/downscales the signal to 2K for recording or streaming}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI Gen2 32060 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 1080p gets hot, 165M HDMI receiver, max input 2048x1080 60fps 4:4:4, RGB/YUV 4:4:4 8/10/12-bit, YUY 4:2:2 12-bit, up to 8-channel 24-bit HDMI-embedded audio at 192kHz, HDMI 1.4a, output from 480p to 1080p, YUY2/UYVY/RGB24/RGB32 support video cropping, up/down scaling, de-interlacing, aspect ratio conversion, color format conversion, frame rate conversion, flip and mirror, up to 2-channel IEC60958 audio streams, 5V 0.5A 2.5W, }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K Plus 32090 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 limited by the bandwidth of USB 3.0, the maximum frame rate can only reach 30 fps when capturing}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell Pro Convert IP to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Captures one network eth NDI® High Bandwidth, NDI® HX2, NDI® HX3 sources or H.264/H.265 video source into software at resolutions up to 1080p60}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Fusion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|versatile USB video capture device that allows users to switch between two HDMI inputs and one USB webcam input for live presentations}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND UVC-01 USB Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc. MiraBox HSV321 ARX321 Video Capture device | <!--Vendor ID-->ox1bcf | <!--Product ID-->0x2c99 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGREEN CM716 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| uvc uac but disable HDCP on your source device (PS4/PS5, Xbox) }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionTek UVC HD60 Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Aspire Crystal Eye AOA110 AOA150 0.3M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2008 webcam }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer CAM 313 (PW313) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2019 uvc 1080p/30 webcam}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2021 uvc 1080p/60 webcam}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/webcams/creative-live-cam-optia-af-review-49294183/ Creative Live Cam Optia AF] 2.0M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR macro extensions + a cheap 50mm E-Series lens + some PVC tubing and a negative holder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera chosen}} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR scanning using a macro lens, for the adapter, for a 3d printed negative holder) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera used }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C270 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C910 C920 HD Pro 5Megapixels 720p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C920s c922 HD Pro 5Megapixels 1080p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Brio 100 300 500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MX Brio 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|4k}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft's LifeCam HD-3000 HD-5000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID--> 0x0779 | <!--Revision-->1.06 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Cinema | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Studio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} sony imx179 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Pi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1/2.8” Sony IMX291 image sensor, it's a 2MP, UVC-compliant, ultra-wide-angle, low light, high-speed USB 2.0 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} OV5648 |- | <!--Description-->razer kiyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 4 megapixel sensor 1080p 30fps 720p 60fps - 12 led ring light adjustable |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet C068 1.3mpixel HTD USB2.0 Camera Vimicro Z-Star Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0AC8 | <!--Product ID--> 0x3420 | <!--Revision-->0x01FA | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->YEALINK(XIAMEN) NETWORK UVC50 is compatible with the UVC 1.1 protocol CP960-UVC50 and CP960-UVC80 kits PTZ, CP960-UVC30 Kit is UVC 1.5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amcrest ProHD 1080P WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera - 1080P (1920TVL), [https://www.ispyconnect.com/man.aspx%3Fn%3DAmcrest IP2M-841] nvr | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} h264/rtsp, motion detection, features Sony image sensor and Ambarella processor - rtsp://[username]:[password]@[IPaddress]:[port]/cam/realmonitor?channel=[channel]&subtype=[stream] - [username] - username to login to the DVR or NVR, [password] - password, [IPaddress] - IP address of the device. If you are not on the same local network, this should be the external IP address of the device's network, [port] - port number, [channel] - channel number of the stream, [stream] - view the Main or Sub stream. (main stream is 0, sub stream is 1) , eg. rtsp://admin:admin@192.108.1.108:80/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=1 - utilizing RTSP ( rtsp://user:pass@ipcam1 ) |- | <!--Description-->Axis all modern ones | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg or MJPEG over HTTP |- | <!--Description-->PTZ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->DLink DCS-5222 5222L network camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} camera streams H.264 over RTP controlled by RTSP |- | <!--Description-->Dlink DCS900 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Wansview 1080p [http://marc.merlins.org/perso/linuxha/post_2013-11-10_Reviewing-IP-Webcams-for-Linux-and-Zoneminder_Dlink-DCS900_-Ubnt-Aircam_-Foscam-FI8904W-FI8910W_-FFI9820W_-FI9821W_-Wansview-NCB541W_-and-Zavio-F3210.html#NCM625GA NCM625GA] IP Camera WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera , Full HD Plug n Play Home Surveillance / Baby Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg - play its HD stream without problem with vlc rtsp://ip/live/ch0 and getting jpegs http://ipaddr/mjpeg/snap.cgi?chn=0 - methods involve transcoding h.264 video from the camera into jpeg's, which is cpu intensive - able to pull images manually, using http://username:password@ip/mjpeg/snap.cgi - |- | <!--Description-->Wansview NCB541W | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Game Capture HD C281 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2011 standalone h.264 recording of up to component cable not hdmi but not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia GL310 Live Gamer Portable (LGP Lite) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working usb2 and USB Lite no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable ([https://github.com/Trouffman/octv_gears_lgp Model C875]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 usb2 no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX Live Gamer extreme GC550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2015 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX2 Live Gamer extreme2 gc550 plus gc551 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia ExtremeCap UVC - BU110 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 maybe not uvc and uac}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable 2 Plus GC513 Micro-USB Capture Box LGP2 Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1513 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 powered by a standard Micro-USB cable, video capture output up to 1080p60 capture to hdmi in, standalone sd card recording on exFAT or FAT32 of .MOV, 2160p pass-through hdmi out to tv - no vrr - [https://www.avermedia.com/uk/support/download#ans_part firmware latest 2.1.7.13, 2.1.7.14], SN74AVC8T245 8bit, DRV604 stereo, iTE IT6663FN hdmi 2.0 splitter, TLV320DAC3101 DAC, CS42L73 audio codec, CDCE913 PLL clock, W29N01HVSINA nand bios, I-Catch V35MA SOC CPU 32bit MIPS24K, ADV7480 hdmi mhl, }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer 4K LG4K GC573 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc but [https://github.com/derrod/lg4k-linux drivers here], }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Blackmagic intensity Extreme Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->BlackMagic Intensity Pro 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2015 }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Video Capture (1VC108601000) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD GCHD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc https://github.com/tolga9009/elgato-gchd needs firmware mb86h57_h58_idle.bin and mb86h57_h58_enc_h.bin}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60S Elgato Game Capture 4K60 S+ Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|non uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->August EZCap.tv model 116 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} poor audio recording |- | <!--Description-->E-SDS Diamond Maplin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1212 HD PVR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} analog and component only - PlayStation (.m2ts), AVCHD (ts), or XBox(.mp4) recording formats - switched the component output from the default YPbPr to RGB. |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1431 1445 HD PVR Gaming Edition HDMI Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working, can get warm}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD Rocket | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD-PVR2 (model 145210 Rev E4) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xE502 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1480 1482 HD PVR 2 GE Gaming Edition HDMI Capture green LED - 1498 1503 1504 Plus version with Mac support | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe514 0xe524 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| can get warm - [https://ez.analog.com/video/w/documents/581/adv7482-design-support-files ADV7482] [https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9201075/ video chip] with Magnum DXT H.264 encoder blob, IDR keyframe generation poor - best for model 157210 and not 157221 and Game Edition Plus (model 157320) 2040:E505 E505-00-00AF1234 [http://www.hauppauge.com/site/support/linux.html#tabs-3 ]}} * HDMI: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480i, 720x576i, 640x480p60. * Component: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60*, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480p60, 720x480i, 720x576i. * Composite: 720x480i and 720x576i * Audio Inputs : HDMI PCM and RCA support with Adjustable Bitrate Quality 2 Channel AAC/AC3 audio codec |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1512 HD PVR 2 PC blue LED with optical in input on the back | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe525 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} can get quite warm - IR Blaster added - |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge Colossus2 E585-00-00AF4321 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe585 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion SLIDES2PC 35mm Portable Slide & Film Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion Pics 2 PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->ION PowerScan USB film and slide scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Koolertron Sunny | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->FilmScan35 35mm Film Negative Scanner 1304 marks spencer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->U3 HD Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD - Game Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} put in usb2 slot and use video BGR3 (Emulated) and OpenRazer drivers |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD USB HDMI Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x0d01 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| not uvc compliant}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Silvercrest 35mm Photo Slide Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc but not great quality}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Traveler TV 6500 SF Dia-scanner | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0ac8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3370 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 not uvc and poor scans}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- |} === AR VR XR Headset === AROS needs realtime isochronous transfers in EHCI and XHCI, then an usb based uvc.class to vhi type driver for virtual display and maybe more The primary engineering challenge of VR is motion sickness caused by a mismatch of visual and inner ear information, which is extremely well established as causing people to throw up in a wide range of contexts outside of VR. The experiences that make some people sick are low framerate. Foveated rendering doesn't solve vergence accommodation. Your eye will still be focused at infinity regardless of where you are looking, you'll just have the illusion that the foreground or background are out of focus. Eye tracking plus dynamic lenses (perhaps liquid lenses) or real light fields are necessary. First start with apps that have simple static features at first, then advance to dioramasa and teleportation options for 10, 20 minutes and then gradually upgrade over a timespan of four weeks to train your brain. Avoid smooth motion stuff like rollercoaster or mountain heights until much later. Even with this preparation, VR makes 40% of people seasick nausea. If so, you may be able to use VR glasses just to watch videos and some slow moving apps [https://www.emuvr.net/ emuVR] instead. *2014-2019 1st Gen, low resolution, *2020-2025 2nd Gen, higher resolution, *2026- Most hardware typically has a 1-3 year retail lifespan with 1-3 years of updates after. Really need "right" tethered PCVR rather than wireless. The advantage to being tethered to a PC is processing power. Any standalone headset is going to be running purely off of batteries. VR and AR are known as XR Technology will get immersed enough so not making people sick. Higher resolution, faster frame rates, and [https://github.com/opentrack/opentrack better tracking]. Eventually, hyper reality brings VR, AR and MR digital layers together as a less chaotic, optic tracking with no delay, agents understanding, experiences with objects 3Dgs 4Dgs gassian splats bullet time slice photo snaps .ply for WebXR [https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/hardware/ ], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Big Screen Beyond 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 pcvr 2560 x 2560, fixed IPD, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 @75Hz 2688x2688 @90Hz over pancake lenses, 116 FOV, virtual screens, custom facial plate from iphone app, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, no passthrough, 107g-196g, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 total up to 90Hz pancake lens 116 FOV adjustable IPD app needed for adjustment, eye tracking, custom face mask cushion, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, seperate head strap and speaker modules extra costs, 110g-300g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Dpvr P1 Pro 4k Ultra Vr Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 wireless snapdragon, }} |- | <!--Description-->DPVR P2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream MR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android modular 3840x3552 uoled per eye 90Hz or qled mura issues, Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, eye tracking and 11 cameras 7 sensors 22 ir leds 14ms latency and foveated rendering, 1.5hrs battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream GravityXR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 ultralight head gear gx100 3w }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/community/ Valve Index HMD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 tethered PC VR headset 1440 x 1600 120Hz, 108° and 104° FOV, fresnel lenses, SteamVR2 compatible tracking ir basestations, controllers aka Knuckles, dp 1.2 and usb3 cable proprietary cable end, no battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Valve Steam Frame (Valve Deckard / Valve’s Index 2) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 - 2160 x 2160 up to 144Hz pancake lens, 108° and 96° FOV, wifi 6 fovelated streaming, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 with [https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX fex] arm-to-x86 x64 translation layer, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 PCVR with adapter, two, one for each eye, 2000 x 2040 resolution OLED panels from 90Hz 120Hz refresh rates, fresnel lenses, 116° and 102° FOV, sony proprietary headset cable end, needs additional comfort options, }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionPro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goertek glasses | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive ? | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| 2016 2x 1080x1200 needs external power supply, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Original | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 108° and 96° FOV}} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 , uvc, at least 2 powered steamvr basestations so 3 to 5 wall warts in total, proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 dual 1440x1600 oled displays, 116° and 100° FOV - steamvr 2.0 basestation 2 for 5m2 area 4 for 10m2 - steamvr 2.0 joypads - low latency wireless later - type USB-c headphone adapter required, [https://github.com/CertainLach/VivePro2-Linux-Driver Rust on Linux] with [https://github.com/santeri3700/vive-pro-2-on-linux Shell], proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 company liquidated, 2 x 2312x2160 110 FOV pancake lenses, LynxOS android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen, openxr 1.1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://www.virtual-boy.com/forums/t/the-oculus-rift-dk1-thread/ DK1] with [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_T4DJyy2Bo wired razer hydra controllers] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2013 pcvr LCD 1280 × 800 resolution 640 × 800 per eye up to 110° FOV, and 3DoF rotational tracking via a 1000Hz 9-axis IMU (Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer), no positional optical tracking either inside-out or outside-in, 380g, nausea issues, , }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://github.com/facebookarchive/RiftDK2/tree/master DK2], [https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Oculus+Rift+Development+Kit+2+Teardown/27613 ifixit teardown] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 pcvr, 5.7" Super AMOLED display with a resolution of 960 x 1080 per eye 100° field of view, 1 usb Positional Tracker DK2 camera, lots of wires}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook [https://github.com/thaytan/OpenHMD/tree/rift-kalman-filter Oculus Rift CV1] [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] [] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/issues/330 AMD usb issues] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/wiki/Xorg ] [https://github.com/Doc-Ok/OculusRiftCV1Camera Live Video] [https://www.youtube.com/@thaytan Youtube] [https://github.com/Fredrum/riftOnLinux Pi] [https://github.com/OhioIon/riftDriverPi ], but not quite there with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSsCN6HFkWc consumer CV1], [https://forum.dcs.world/topic/142259-cv1-not-working-in-dcs/#comment-2878168 orange led could be HDMI Signal is not within HDMI Spec and might be Overclocked or usb3 not getting enough power frustrating], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x3031, 0x2031, 0x0031 and 0x0211 for 3p-a basestations lighthouses, 0x045e 0x02e6 for xbox wireless adapter | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 powered run from your PC maybe uvc via wired dual PenTile OLED 2160x1200 (1080x1200 per eye) @ exactly 90Hz but screen door effect (space between pixels), 87 FOV, IPD from 58mm to 72mm, good 3D audio and okay mic, constellation headset 6DOF (3-axis rotational tracking + 3-axis positional tracking) with up to 3 usb infrared basestation (1 in front and 2 behind pointing upwards) on usb3 and usb2 to your PC but the tracking can be fragile so set it up on a weekly basis, wired only HDMI 1.3, USB 3.0 bus powered with proprietary plug in headset, 470g 1lb front heavy, 2 robust 1st Gen touch controllers with external sensors i.e. outside-in - 1 aa alkaline over rechargable battery each , press occulus and B buttons for 2 secs to connect, headset traps air so gets very warm inside and random disconnects due to twisting action on the top of the headset and/or cables, t4 torx screws }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Go 32Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 discontinued 2020 android based, 1280x1440 per eye 60Hz LCD, not gaming, no inside-out and limited self tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Oculus Rift S [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0051 headset (cdc, audio, tracking data), 0x2052 usb hub, | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 PCVR wired dual LCD 1080 by 1200, 88 horizontal FOV, display port (fibre optic strands) and annoying USB3 copper cables (power, audio and other data) but proprietary port in the headset, cameras on the headset ("inside-out") tracking so no base stations, non removeable head band and cushions and ipd hard to set, requires specific fragile Rift S/Quest1 2nd Gen Touch controllers which has a ring of translucent plastic with leds inside - t5 torx to disassemble for sticks drifting}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest 1 *032Gb *064Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0183 (single adb boot), 0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 android standalone wireless, 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, front heavy though, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, low clocked Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 (MSM8998) (4x Kryo 280 Gold cores ARM Cortex-A73) + (4x Kryo 280 Silver A53), 2 to 3 hrs play time, 575g, 2nd Gen touch controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 2 KW49CM aka Codename Del Mar [https://www.meta.com/en-gb/help/quest/967070027432609/ fragile 3rd Gen Touch controllers] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgejky8ZeoM internal battery] and selling over 20 million, more than all other quest headsets combined *064Gb *128Gb (110Gb free) *256Gb Setup continuous wifi, create Meta Oculus account, [https://developers.meta.com/horizon/ verify dev account, click on My apps], [ create Organization -> My Organization Groupings], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPInS5xxF-0 finally, meta quest mobile app to switch on adb], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x5010 (), 0x0083 (massstorage), 0x0086 (), 0x0186 (adb and xrsp [https://github.com/shinyquagsire23/xrsp_tests tests]), 0x0090 (composite adb), 0x0081 (), | <!--Revision-->0419 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 android stand alone, lcd 1832x1920 per-eye 90Hz refresh rate, 97 FOV, fresnel lenses, 6DOF (degrees of freedom), 58-63-68 IPD settings, low clocked Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 1 apps with Meta Link cable USB-C usb3.2 pcvr maybe, b/w but no color passthrough, 6 t2 torx and 5 ph00 screws in headset (long bit), discontinued December 31, 2024, feature updates until December 2026, critical bug fixes and security updates until December 2027, 470g, Oculus + B button on right controller (move) and Menu + Y button on left controller (click) for about 3 seconds, 10W 5v 2a, RTL8153 chipset usb support, *V60 unable to *V77 pcvr issues *V79 unable to }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest Pro aka Codename Seacliffe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 android standalone wireless 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, 106° and 96° FOV mini lcd local dimming, pancake lenses, limited eye tracking, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, higher clocked snapdragon xr2 gen 1 arm cpu Arm apps, 1 to 2 hrs play time, new pro controllers with 3 cameras each, battery at rear, wireless charging, color passthrough, 9V 3A or 5V 3A, *v77 capped wifi }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 3 aka Codename Eureka [ Air Light ALVR] or [ WiVRn] with fragile touch plus q3 controllers *128Gb *512Gb streaming from PC with [https://github.com/alvr-org/Monado-ALVR ALVR], runtime of [https://monado.freedesktop.org/ Monado steamvr alternative openxr openVR], with Envision GUI, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 standalone, pancake lenses on lcd 2064 x 2208 res panel per eye 1200ppi - 104° and 96° FOV - up to 120Hz, Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 apps, foveated rendering, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, headstrap clamshell or halo style, speaker arms fragile, color passthrough, 510g, 18W 9v 2A or 15W 5V 3A, *v74 ok }} *v76 pcvr issues }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Quest 3S aka Codename Ventura *128Gb *256Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 cpu, lcd 1832 x 1920 fresnel lenses, 97 FOV, headphone arms fragile, better air flow, no promixity sensor inside, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, passthrough, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Boba 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 ultra-wide 180° x 120° FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Tiramisu | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 µOLED displays with 90 pixels per degree, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 5K Super Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K-X 8KX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Light | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 2160 x 2160 4k 120Hz, 115° and 96° FOV, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, variable qc and customer service, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Super | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 3640 x 3640 4k 90hz, 116°+ and 100° FOV, eye tracking, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air with Lighthouse(s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 tethered 3840 by 3552 @90Hz micro oled with pancake lens, 100 HFOV 96 VFOV but FOV IPD changes in app, link box for headset 2 split y cables, removable face gasket, 290g, steamVR2 bases and controllers, eye tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air SLAM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) tracking inside-out so no base stations, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://somniumspace.com/ Somnium VR One VR1] [https://portal.vrgineers.com/user-guide/software/ open source] VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr 2880 x 2880 per eye @90 @120Hz, 125° horizontal 100° vertical FOV, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 bases, passthrough, 900g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero VR-1 Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 psu needed, 2 x Mini LED binocular of 150 nits, 2880x2720 per, 90Hz, FOV 102° horizontal, 73° vertical, 720g with headstrap, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 basestations, no speakers/mic, hdmi and usb3.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Camelo La Melaza Music Shield | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 no usb only bluetooth , }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->InAir 2 elite suite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar nits 46FOV , , 4h battery life, 80g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oakley Vanguard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 100in 46FOV 650nits, usb-c 79g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3S Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 135in virtual display 46FOV 1200nits, usb-c 80g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AR oled vision 4000 processing, HDR10, 47 FOV }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid Max 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 50 FOV 650nits, usb-c back left, 76g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid AI Spatial with Station 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 600nits 147in 50FOV 75g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ar ai smart glass}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 135in 46 FOV 1000nits, magnetic connector, 77g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE XR Luma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 1200p 50 FOV, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 152in 52 FOV 1000nits 1200p, 3dof, , 79g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 in FOV, 2 cameras, 3dof 6dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wheaney/XRLinuxDriver Viture Luma Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Beast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 1250nits 58FOV 174in, magnetic, 88g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE Beast X Glasses models (Immersive 3D Moonlight) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 based 2D to 3D conversion with support DP Alt Mode (DisplayPort over USB-C), 1200p, 3df tracking, practic lenses 58deg POV, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xreal One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 600nits, 50FOV, 3dof, usb-c 84g, }} |- | <!--Description-->XReal One Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 700nits 57FOV 171in, usb-c, x1 3dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , micro-oled 1080p, audio, virtual uvc ar displays, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Real3D 1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AI based 2D to 3D conversion 57 FOV, , virtual uvc ar displays not vr, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xiami XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xtal 8k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Apple Vision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 tethered AR mixed reality glasses, 3300ppi, 800g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Google XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 standalone }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 android with 2 1440 x 1600 75Hz amoled, inside-out, durable motion controllers, Vive port, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 dual-OLED displays 2880 x 1600 combined resolution), SteamVR 2.0 tracking, foveated rendering, Tobii, it enables gaze-based menu navigation with avatar eye contact, proprietary cables, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 poor tracking and lifespan on controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2020 1440x1700 per eye resolution, 90 Hz refresh rate, 6 DoF tracking, 2880 x 1700 combined pixel resolution, 97° FoV, two controllers and two base stations. Lighthouse tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Vision Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 per-eye resolution of 2448×2448 at 90 Hz, a 120-degree field of view, Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive XR Elite VR Headset Deluxe Pack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 snapdragon xr2 gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pico Goblin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 android based, 2.5K 1280x1440 per eye @70Hz, 92° FoV, and 3DoF (three degrees of freedom) tracking (Orientation tracking only—yaw, pitch, roll), single controller, snapdragon 820, ipd adjustment 54-71 mm, 600g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico G2 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 android standalone VR headset, 3840 x 2160 (4K) LCD screen, Snapdragon 835 processor, 3DoF so rotational movement (looking around, pointing) rather than positional movement (walking, leaning), does not support hand or eye tracking, 800g }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico NEO 2 EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 6DoF 360g snapdragon 845 display 4k 75Hz tracking inside-out - magnetic field for controllers - pico software on android 8 - eye tracking }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 Snapdragon XR2 Gen, 4K 3664 x 1920 90Hz lcd, battery at rear, displayport, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Link | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160x2160 panel per eye 75Hz 90Hz 105 FOV, Arm snapdragon xr gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160 x 2160 @90 105 FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, streaming from PC with alvr, wireless streaming from PC with WiVRn, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, not plug and play, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 5 aka Project Swan aka Vision Pro Competitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 micro-oled BOE 3840 x 3840 4000ppi per eye, MLA pancake lenses, custom pico arm cpu, pico os 6 android, eye and hand tracking, 300g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy XR VR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 3552 x 3840 @60-90 109 FOV , Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall MeganeX 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 android }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8k MeganeX Superlight 8K] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android (3552 x 3840 pixels) into pixel count yields 27.27MP 10-bit HDR-compatible 4K resolution micro OLED panels @90Hz, pancake lenses 94 FOV, SteamVR™ tracking, 180g, 5V 2A, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8kmk2 MeganeX 8K Mk2 MkII] [https://github.com/sboys3/CustomHeadsetOpenVR community] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr linux, 4K per eye (1.35inch micro OLED 3552x3840 10 bit HDR) 27MP @90Hz 75Hz 72Hz pancake, upto 108 hor 100 vert FOV, usb-c and dp cables to breakout box, 5V 2.1A, 200g}} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Windows(TM) MR AH101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Dual 2.89” LCD panels 2880 x 1440 combined (1440 x 1440 per eye) Up to 90Hz (HDMI 2.0), or 60Hz (HDMI 1.4), Field of View FOV 95, Tracking Inside-out, lots of light leak, }} |- | <!--Description-->Acer H7001 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 wmr 1440 x 1440 per-eye resolution @90Hz refresh rate, and 100-degree field of view FOV, inside-out tracking with front-mounted cameras so no external sensors, flip-up visor design but has a "screen door effect," subpar foam padding, win10 to win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Dell Visor Mixed Reality VRP100 VR118 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 2x 1440x1440 a bit of nose light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujitsu | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 cheap and lots of light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/HadesVR HadesVR] with [https://github.com/ManoloMancelli/Persephone-Classic-Controller Persephone Controller] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFaVjB1uNOM Persephone 3 Pro DiY 6Dof SteamVR Headset], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Reverb G1 VR1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 WMR 2160 x 2160 @90Hz, 115 FOV, , hp proprietary headset cable end, 2 camera tracking but poor and controllers can be unresponsive, 500g front heavy, flight sims rather than gaming, }} |- | <!--Description-->HP 1440p Spatial Computing | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dim display }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://forums.x-plane.org/forums/topic/294764-vr-in-linux-without-steam/ HP Reverb G2] WMR VR3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 2 2160 x 2160 90Hz, needs Windows10 or Win 11 24H2, 4 camera tracking, controllers can be unresponsive, hp proprietary headset cable end, , }} |- | <!--Description-->HP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Mirage Solo is a Standalone VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Qualcomm Snapdragon 835, 1280x1440 per eye resolution, 75 Hz refresh rate, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo Explorer VR2511N (G0A2) VR windows mixed reality (WMR) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 LCD 2.89" 1440 x 1440 per eye @90Hz, 6 DOF position tracking, 400g, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/relativty/relativty open source relativty] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey XE800ZAA WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 9V 500mA oled screens 2x 1440x1600 with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey+ Plus WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dual 3.5-inch AMOLED displays 2880 x 1600 total @90Hz, 6DOF inside-out tracking with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required, use only win10 or win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 2x 1080x960 up to 120Hz, lots of cables and computation brick, sony camera needed for tracking, ps4 or move controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|1992 , , Amiga 3000 with TI chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuix Omni | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 VR treadmill changed course to commercial VR and pivotted back again 2020, }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === HDMI CEC transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === TV Remote Control MCE IR transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Compro K100 K300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elitegroup Computer Systems | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1019 | <!--Product ID-->0x0f38 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GMYLE MCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|acts as usb-hid with limited keyboard like controls }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge WinTV-PVR kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Harmony 300 i300 600 650 800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft MCE Commander | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2005 need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 home top of square shape direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2006 home under circle spaced direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1069 SMK Manufacturing, Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0609 | <!--Product ID-->0x0334 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2007 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips RC1974506/00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0471 | <!--Product ID-->0x0815 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE10E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AR21M VGX-XL100 VGN-AR21B/AR21S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE20E PC REMOTE CONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE30E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AW21XY VGX-TP3E VGX-TP3G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE50E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGC-LA2R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TSDX-IR14 USB MCE Media Center External Infrared IR Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->chipsets support CIR (consumer IR) Winbond W83977F/AF, SMC IrCC 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|technical reasons it's not possible to use USB IrDA dongles}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zotac RC2604323/01G Zbox Media Remote Control with IR USB Receiver OVU710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Anycubic Cobra 2 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs A1 Mini 3D printer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 EMS proprietary slicer app and cloud use, eSUN}} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lulzbot | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Prusa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Qidi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Snapmaker U1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tool changer }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sovol SV08 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| open source voron model, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==ethwrap.class - Host Data Link "Cable Bridge" for data transfer== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Advance USBNET (eTEK design) | 0x0525 | 0x9901 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ALi Uli M5632 (chip) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Aten (Ali Corporation) UN201 | 0x0402 | 0x5632 | | {{maybe|force binding from rawwarp to ethwrap}} |- | Belkin (eTek design see below) | 0x050d | 0x0004 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Digitus DN-3004 - USB Host Link | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | EPSON USB client | 0x0525 | 0x2888 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | eTEK | 0x056c | 0x8100 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | KC-190 | 0x050f | 0x0190 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB | | | | {{no|no driver the half-duplex GL620USB is NOT supported, products using it include the Inland Pro USB Quick Link}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB-A | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Laplink Gold (uses NetChip 1080) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Prolific 2301/2302 (Jaton USB ConNET) (BAFO DirectLinq) | 0x067b | 0x0000 and 0x0001 | 0x0004 | {{maybe|detected but untested}} |- | Xircom PGUNET (uses AnchorChips 2720) | 0x0547 | 0x2727 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==cdcacm.class - USB modem== The CDC ACM driver exposes the USB modem as a virtual serial modem or a virtual COM port to the operating system. The driver enables sending both data and AT commands, either through ACM (separating data and AT commands over different channels) or through Serial Emulation (passing the AT commands as is and as part of the data stream). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Alcatel OT-I650 | 0x1bbb | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Acatel Dymamode/Dynamite | 0x06b9 | 0xa5a5 | | {{N/A|untested Zyxel Prestige 630-13 - untested PROLiNK Hurricane 8000 external link }} |- | AnyData ADU-100A ADU-E100A ADU-E100D ADU-E100H D10 | 0x16d5 | 0x6501 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-310 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-500A ADU-510A ADU-510L ADU-520A | 0x16d5 | 0x6502 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-610 ADU-620 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BT On-Air USB MODEM | 0x079b | 0x000f | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM CX93010 | 0x0572 | 0x1321 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM RD02-D400 | 0x0572 | 0x1324 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant Chipset | 0x06ea | 0x0002 | | {{N/A|untested AUS N367 Roadster II 56 USB (Model AM5050R3) - untested }} |- | [http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/ Conexant AccessRunner] | 0x0586 | 0x330a | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Creative Modem Blaster USB DE5670 | 0x1690 | 0x0101 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FIREFLY, MediaTek Inc | 0x0e8d | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Huawei E122 | 0x12d1 | 0x1446 | | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=49126#forumpost49126] |- | Huawei E160, E160E, E160G | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=51888#forumpost51888] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6246) |- | Huawei E169 also known as Vodafone K3715 and Huawei K3715 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4941&forum=4&post_id=44683#forumpost44683] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200) |- | Huawei E220 "Vodafone EasyBox II" "T-Mobile wnw Box Micro" also known as Huawei K3565 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{yes|works, see E169 above (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6280)}} |- | Huawei E1750 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6290)}} |- | Huawei E170, E172, E176 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | Huawei E180 | 0x12d1 | 0x1406 | | {{yes|Works (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | KYOCERA AH-K3001V | 0x0482 | 0x0203 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | LG CU515 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | MediaTek Inc GPS | 0x0e8d | 0x3329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Metricom GS Modem | 0x0870 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola MOTOMAGX phones | 0x22b8 | 0x6425 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola Q Phone | 0x22b8 | 0x7000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hummingbird huc56s (Conexant) | 0x0572 | 0x1329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Netcomm Roadster II 128 ISDN | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia n70 N95 HSDPA | | | | {{yes|works - see [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=4415&viewmode=flat&order=ASC here]}} |- | OGO | 0x045E | 0x0079 | 0090 | {{no|no driver}} |- | Olitec ADSL Modem V2 | 0x08e3 | 0x0100 / 0x0102 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Onda PT502HS | <!--Vendor ID-->0x19D2 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | Radicom V92HU-E2 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung i8510 Innov8 Symbian smartphone | 0x04e8 | 0x6651 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Samsung Tocco Lite (aka GT-S5230) | 0x04e8 | 0x6795 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Shiro / Aztech USB MODEM UM-3100 | 0x0572 | 0x1328 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1602 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1608 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM - new version | 0x0ace | 0x1611 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Zoom Telephonics Model 3095F USB MODEM | 0x0803 | 0x3095 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ugobe Pleo | 0x6962 | 0x0100 | 0x0100 | {{Yes|Works}} |} ==Misc== palmpda.class - no [http://aminet.net/package/util/libs/PdaLinkPoseidon pdalink.library and tools] in AROS Palm PDA (discontinued) synchronisation requires a port of pdalink.library and its tools through virtual usbpalm.device. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Palm IIIx (OS3.1) serial rs-232 only | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm IIIc (OS3.5) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm V | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m100 | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m125 first USB - last with aaa batteries | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m500 (OS4) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Tungsten T (OS5) first arm cpu | 0x | 0x | 0x | {{no|no }} |- | Zire 31 (OS 5.28) color arm-based | | | | {{no|no }} |- | [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring Visor]] – USB support out of box | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Handspring Treo 600 – last one for [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring]] | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Treo 700w | | | | {{no|no }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} bluetooth.class - needs Bluetooth (Viking King Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson; Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) stack to work (not written due to licensing fees to use the symbol merging the Younger Futhark runes for H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ), representing Harald's initials) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} ccid.class - Chip/Smart Card Interface Devices (not implemented) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->cyberJack RFID basis | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C4B | <!--Product ID-->0x9102 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} dfu.class - DFU firmware upgrade {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 3, 4, 5, 5c | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1290 0x1292 0x1294 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 32bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 5s, 6, 7, 8, X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 64bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio/Midiman USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPad 1, iPad 2 A1395 A1430, iPad 3, ipad mini A1432, iPad A1458 4th Gen (MD512LL/A), | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2008-2013 32bit A4, A5 up to Apple A6X, iOS 1 to 10, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air (1st generation) A1474, A1475, A1476, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2014-2015 [https://github.com/AsahiLinux 64bit], A7, iOS 11 up to |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit A8, A8X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit A9, A9X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit A10, A10X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 64bit A11 |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air 3rd Gen A2153, A2123, A2154, iPad Mini 5th Gen, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit A12 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} RocketTool (USB Rocket Launchers - Toy missile launchers) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Original Launcher and StrikerII (includes laser) | 0x1130 | 0x0202 | | {{yes|works }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Missile Launcher or USB Cirus Cannon | 0x1941 | 0x8021 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Webcam Missile Launcher | 0x1941 | | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Rocket Baby | 0x0a81 | 0x0701 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} DRadioTool (FM Radios - USB radio devices D-Link/Gemtek) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link DSB-R100 USB | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | 0x0410 | {{yes|works }} |- | [http://www.neoseeker.com/forums/383/t257009-link-usb-dru-r100-radio/ GemTek USB FM Radio 21] | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} UproarTool (Valencia MPX mp3 player and others) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Korean D Square Valencia MPX-Player | 0x04e8 | various | | {{N/A|untested }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIuT7rJgc8w with unlocked android bootloader], <pre> Kill and restart the server a few times sudo adb kill-server sudo adb start-server And finally type in sudo adb devices adb devices Lists connected devices adb shell Opens a terminal shell on the device hollywood:/ $ su id df -h top ls -la ls sdcard ls sdcard/Android ls sdcard/Oculus wm size cd .. cd data/system look inside bad Corejava folder cd data/system/etc/init look cd data/system/app cd /data cd /dev/block adb shell pm disable-user --user 0 com.oculus.nux.ota adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d com.oculus.tv -e uri com.android.settings/.DevelopmentSettings com.oculus.vrshell/.MainActivity Don't change your Oculus account password after doing the FB account bypass. You'll break the log-in session, and have to factory-reset and start over adb shell 'setprop debug.oculus.cpuLevel 5 && setprop debug.oculus.gpuLevel 5 && setprop debug.oculus.adaclocks.force 0 && setprop debug.oculus.phaseSync 1 && settings put global always_finish_activities 1 && settings put global wifi_scan_throttle_enabled 1 && settings put global window_animation_scale 0.25 && settings put global transition_animation_scale 0.25 && settings put global animator_duration_scale 0.25 && sync' settings list --user 0 secure or global or system user_setup_complete=0 adb shell screenrecord adb shell reboot adb install <path_to_apk> Installs an app like adb install -g -r alvr_client_android.apk or adb install -r app.apk memtester lsmod adb command to enable hand tracking, possible, but root access is required adb root oculussetting --set hand_tracking_opt_in 1 hand_tracking_enabled 1 adb push <local> <remote> Copies files to the device adb pull <remote> <local> Copies files from the device pull them using CFB, extract original apk using LL adb forward tcp:9943 tcp:9943 (Used for advanced, such as ALVR streaming) adb shell pm disable-user --user 0 com.oculus.partnercustomization Enterprise versions adb reboot Performs a standard system restart adb reboot bootloader Restarts the device into fastboot/bootloader mode adb reboot recovery Restarts the device into recovery mode adb reboot download Reboots Samsung devices into Download Mode adb reboot fastboot Directly enters fastboot mode [https://gist.github.com/pantasio/3d0eb4bb03a1e696aae8696f60730859#file-enable-usb-debug-adb usb dev debug adb] </pre> {{BookCat}} 1v764sx24sh3onvkpqqkp60g583bzr1 0 228386 4633829 1820769 2026-05-03T11:48:08Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nuclear quadrupole resonance''' spectroscopy or NQR is a chemical analysis technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).<ref>[http://scienceweek.com/2005/sb050128-5.htm]</ref> ==Principle== In NMR, nuclei with spin ≥ 1/2 have a magnetic dipole moment so that their energies are split by a magnetic field, allowing resonance absorption of energy related to the difference between the ground state energy and the excited state. In NQR, on the other hand, nuclei with spin ≥ 1 , such as ¹⁴N, ³⁵Cl and ⁶³Cu, also have an electric quadrupole moment so that their energies are split by an electric field gradient, created by the electronic bonds in the local environment. Since unlike NMR, NQR is done in an environment without a static (or DC) magnetic field, it is sometimes called "zero field NMR". Many NQR transition frequencies depend strongly upon temperature. Any nucleus with more than one unpaired nuclear particle (protons or neutrons) will have a charge distribution which results in an electric quadrupole moment. Allowed nuclear energy levels are shifted unequally due to the interaction of the nuclear charge with an electric field gradient supplied by the non-uniform distribution electron density (e.g. from bonding electrons) and/or surrounding ions. The NQR effect results when transitions are induced between these nuclear levels by an externally applied radio frequency (RF) magnetic field. The technique is very sensitive to the nature and symmetry of the bonding around the nucleus. The energy level shifts are much larger than the chemical shifts measured in NMR. Due to symmetry, the shifts become averaged to zero in the liquid phase, so NQR spectra can only be measured for solids. ==Applications== There are several research groups around the world currently working on ways to use NQR to detect explosives. Units designed to detect landmines<ref>[http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/MR1608.appk.pdf Appendix K: Nuclear quadrupole resonance], by Allen N. Garroway, Naval Research Laboratory. In Jacqueline MacDonald, J. R. Lockwood: [http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/ Alternatives for Landmine Detection]. Report MR-1608, Rand Corporation, 2003.</ref> and explosives concealed in luggage have been tested. A detection system consists of a radio frequency (RF) power source, a coil to produce the magnetic excitation field and a detector circuit which monitors for a RF NQR response coming from the explosive component of the object. Another practical use for NQR is measuring the water/gas/oil coming out of an oil well in realtime. This particular technique allows local or remote monitoring of the extraction process, calculation of the well's remaining capacity and the water/detergents ratio the input pump must send to efficiently extract oil. ==References== <references /> {{BookCat}} dseixvt4k9uy7ft2bgilvyea50uz6gx 0 230033 4633826 4104269 2026-05-03T11:47:39Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633826 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''mass chromatogram''' is a representation of mass spectrometry data as a chromatogram, where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents signal intensity.<ref name=Hites1970>{{Cite journal | last = Hites | first = Ronald A. | last2 = Biemann | first2 = Klaus | author2-link =Klaus Biemann| year = 1970 | title = Computer evaluation of continuously scanned mass spectra of gas chromatographic effluents | journal = Analytical Chemistry | volume = 42 | pages = 855 | doi = 10.1021/ac60290a009 | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref> The source data contains mass information; however, it is not graphically represented in a mass chromatogram in favor of visualizing the time and signal intensity data. The most common use of this data representation is when mass spectrometry is used in conjunction with some form of chromatography such as in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this case the time axis represents the retention time of the analyte identically to traditional chromatography using conventional detection means. The y-axis always represents "signal intensity", however, there are many different types of mass spectrometry experiments that this intensity may represent. ==Selected ion monitoring (SIM)== In the single ion mass chromatogram a small mass window is monitored such that the mass chromatogram represents detection of a very specific mass.<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=selected ion monitoring|file=S05547}}</ref> Other masses are ignored. This term most often refers to the case where the experiment was designed to achieve this type of data from the beginning. By increasing the dwell time at the examined masses we increase the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the sensitivity<ref>J. Robinson, <i>et al.</i> Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed. Drekker, New York, 2005.</ref>. A related term is the extracted ion chromatogram which appears the same however has been reconstructed from a larger data set not exclusively designed to produce a single ion chromatogram. The quality of data from an extracted ion chromatogram is often inferior. Generally, a mass scan is done first in the range of ''m/z'' ratios of interest. This allows for identification of the specific ''m/z'' that you want to selectively monitor in SIM mode. ==Total ion current (TIC)== The total ion current chromatogram is the opposite of an SIM in that it monitors a very large window often of several hundred mass-to-charge units (the entire range of masses being detected).<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=total ion current|file=T06410}}</ref> It is useful in understanding the overall chromatography and hunting for new peaks. In complex samples the TIC can often be fairly useless as so many peaks elute over the run that the peaks are unresolved. The TIC is most often reconstructed after data collection of complete mass spectral data. ==Base peak intensity (BPI)== The base peak intensity chromatogram is similar to the TIC however it monitors a small window around only the most intense peak at any one time. This means that the BPI represents the intensity of the most intense peak at every moment in the analysis. BPIs often have a cleaner look than TICs because a lot of the smaller peaks that sum together in a TIC to produce a large background are ignored. ==Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)== The SRM is very similar to the SIM experiment except that tandem mass spectrometry is used and a specific product ion of a specific parent ion is detected. Essentially this means that the mass of the analyte is first selected, other ions are filtered away leaving only the analyte ion, this parent analyte ion is then fragmented in the gas phase and then a narrow window of a lower mass fragment ion is monitored and used to make the mass chromatogram. This experiment has very high specificity because the SRM chromatogram represents only ions of a particular mass that fragment in a manner that produce a very specific mass fragment. Earlier, also the term MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) was used, but its use is deprecated according to IUPAC.<ref name="urlSelected reaction monitoring - Mass Spectrometry Terms">{{cite web |url=http://mass-spec.lsu.edu/msterms/index.php/Selected_reaction_monitoring |title=Selected reaction monitoring - Mass Spectrometry Terms |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20077412">{{cite journal |author=Cham Mead JA, Bianco L, Bessant C |title=Free computational resources for designing selected reaction monitoring transitions |journal=Proteomics |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=1106–26 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20077412 |doi=10.1002/pmic.200900396 |url=}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{BookCat}} 8x3pgrenl29kad5u3faqclpgcijfuk0 0 230051 4633835 4342428 2026-05-03T11:50:25Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Molecular Beacons.jpg|thumb|Structure of molecular beacons in their native conformations (top) or hybridized with a DNA strand (bottom)]] '''Molecular beacons''' are oligonucleotide hybridization probes that can report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogenous solutions. The terms more often used is '''molecular beacon probes'''. Molecular beacons are hairpin shaped molecules with an internally quenched fluorophore whose fluorescence is restored when they bind to a target nucleic acid sequence. This is a novel nonradioactive method for detecting specific sequences of nucleic acids. They are useful in situations where it is either not possible or desirable to isolate the probe-target hybrids from an excess of the hybridization probes. ==Molecular Beacon Probes== A typical molecular beacon probe is 25 nucleotides long. The middle 15 nucleotides are complementary to the target DNA and do not base pair with one another, and the five nucleotides at each end are complementary to each other and not to the target DNA. A typical molecular Beacon Structure can be divided in 4 parts <references>[http://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/molecular_beacons.html Introduction to molecular Beacons]</references>:<br> '''Loop''': This is the 18-30 base pair region of the molecular beacon which is complementary to the target sequence. <br> '''Stem''': The beacon stem sequence lies on both the ends of the loop. It is typically 5-7 bp long at the sequences at both the ends are complementary to each other. <br> '''5' fluorophore''': Towards the 3' end of the molecular beacon, is attached a dye that fluoresces in presence of a complementary target. <br> '''3' quencher (non fluorescent)''': The quencher dye is covalently attached to the 3' end of the molecular beacon and when the beacon is in closed loop shape, prevents the fluorophore from emitting light.<br> If the mRNA detected is complementary to the strand in the loop, then the mRNA goes into the loop causing the separation of the fluorophore and the quencher; therefore resulting in fluorescence. ==Software== Beacon Designer - Software to design or evaluate standard molecular beacons or molecular beacons for NASBA® assays. ==References== # [http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring2000/palma/beacons.html Jon Palma's] # [http://www.genelink.com/newsite/products/mbintro.asp Gene Link] # [http://www.molecular-beacons.org/ Molecular Beacon] # [http://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/molecular_beacons.html Introduction to Molecular Beacons] {{BookCat}} e5y92sl1ypv0k2lxhdrb5til7r5n26h 0 234461 4633828 2377587 2026-05-03T11:47:59Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633828 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:2dir pulse sequence newversion.png|thumb|300px|right|Pulse Sequence used to obtain a two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The time period <math>\tau_1</math> is usually referred to as the coherence time and the second time period <math>\tau_2</math> is known as the waiting time. The excitation frequency is obtained by Fourier transforming along the <math>\tau_1</math> axis.]] '''Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy''' ('''2DIR''') is a nonlinear infrared spectroscopy technique that has the ability to correlate vibrational modes in condensed-phase systems. This technique provides information beyond linear infrared spectra, by spreading the vibrational information along multiple axes, yielding a frequency correlation spectrum.<ref>{{cite journal | author = P. Hamm, M. H. Lim, R. M. Hochstrasser | title = Structure of the amide I band of peptides measured by femtosecond nonlinear-infrared spectroscopy | journal = J. Phys. Chem. B | volume = 102 | pages = 6123 | year = 1998 | doi = 10.1021/jp9813286}}</ref><ref name=Zanni2001>{{Cite journal | last = Zanni | first = M. | year = 2001 | title = Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy: a promising new method for the time resolution of structures | journal = Current Opinion in Structural Biology | volume = 11 | pages = 516 | doi = 10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00243-8 | pmid = 11785750 | last2 = Hochstrasser | first2 = RM | issue = 5 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> A frequency correlation spectrum can offer structural information such as vibrational mode coupling, anharmonicities, along with chemical dynamics such as energy transfer rates and molecular dynamics with femtosecond time resolution. 2DIR experiments have only become possible with the development of ultrafast lasers and the ability to generate femtosecond infrared pulses. ==Systems studied== Among the many systems studied with infrared spectroscopy are water, metal carbonyls, short polypeptides, proteins, and DNA oligomers.<ref>{{cite journal | author = S. Mukamel | title = Multidimensional Fentosecond Correlation Spectroscopies of Electronic and Vibrational Excitations | journal = Annual Review of Physics and Chemistry | volume =51 | pages = 691 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.691 | pmid = 11031297 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = M. H. Cho | title = Coherent Two-Dimensional Optical Spectroscopy | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume =108 | pages = 1331–1418 | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1021/cr078377b | pmid = 18363410 | issue = 4 }}</ref> ==Experimental Approaches== There are two main approaches to two-dimensional spectroscopy, the Fourier-transform method, in which the data is collected in the time-domain and then Fourier-transformed to obtain a frequency-frequency 2D correlation spectrum, and the frequency domain approach in which all the data is collected directly in the frequency domain. ===Time domain=== The time-domain approach consists of applying two pump pulses. The first pulse creates a coherence between the vibrational modes of the molecule and the second pulse creates a population, effectively storing information in the molecules. After a determined waiting time, ranging from a zero to a few hundred picoseconds, an interaction with a third pulse again creates a coherence, which, due to an oscillating dipole, radiates an infrared signal. The radiated signal is heterodyned with a reference pulse in order to retrieve frequency and phase information; the signal is usually collected in the frequency domain using a spectrometer yielding detection frequency <math>\omega_3</math>. A two-dimensional Fourier-transform along <math>\omega_1</math> then yields a (<math>\omega_1</math>, <math>\omega_3</math>) correlation spectrum. ===Frequency domain=== Similarly, in the frequency-domain approach, a narrowband pump pulse is applied and, after a certain waiting time, then a broadband pulse probes the system. A 2DIR correlation spectrum is obtained by plotting the probe frequency spectrum at each pump frequency. ==Spectral Interpretation== [[Image:Schematic of typical two-dimensional infrared spectrum.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Schematic picture of a 2DIR spectrum. The blue peaks on the diagonal corresponds to bleaching of the ground state. The red peaks corresponds to absorption of the excited states. The smaller cross peaks arise due to coupling between the two states. The linear absorption spectrum is indicated above the 2DIR spectrum. The two peaks here reveal no information on coupling between the two states.]] After the waiting time in the experiment it is possible to reach doubly excited states. This results in the appearance of an overtone peak. The anharmonicity of a vibration can be read from the spectra as the distance between the diagonal peak and the overtone peak. One obvious advantage of 2DIR spectra over normal linear absorption spectra is that they reveal the coupling between different states. This for example allows for the determination of the angle between the involved transition dipoles. The true power of 2DIR spectroscopy is that it allows following dynamical processes as chemical exchange, vibrational population transfer, and molecular reorientation on the sub-picosecond time scale. It has successfully been used to study hydrogen bond forming and breaking and to determine the transition state geometry of a structural rearrangement in an iron carbonyl compound. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{BookCat}} 799p6ut63y3gvx9pzbipmowhplov9un 0 237399 4633805 4632187 2026-05-03T10:02:40Z Jeff1138 301139 4633805 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [ AWeb], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->YouTube Viewing and downloading videos |<!--AROS-->Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [https://github.com/YePpHa/YouTubeCenter/releases or this one], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], |[ Wayfarer], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube],Odyssey (OWB), [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IRC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->Wookiechat, AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter (TM) and others |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], Bitlbee IRC Gateway |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter] |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix* |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, etc |<!--AROS-->Mplayer, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create and Edit Individual Video NLE |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://kazong.privat.t-online.de/archive.html DM2], [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |App Installer |<!--AROS-->[], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[ MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Backup |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS--> Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer |<!--AROS-->[ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [http://www.syz.com/DU/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Classroom Aids |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Assessments |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Reference |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Training |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Courseware |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Skills Builder |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [http://www.toolness.com/wp/category/interactive-fiction/ Infocom], [http://www.accardi-by-the-sea.org/ Zork Online]. [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [http://www.ucw.cz/draci-historie/index-en.html Dragon History for ScummVM], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards like |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card ], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [], |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [.html Aquaria]*(openGL), [http://www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://wargus.sourceforge.net/ Wargus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO:AI (OpenGL)], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/UnknownShadow200/ClassiCube Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ ], [ Unity], [ Unreal Engine], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Please make sure you have [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock. and possibly [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs] OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] ===E-mail=== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool *This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool *This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} 694qb5sbfvj4l3bila9kciyzux2s7ql 4633807 4633805 2026-05-03T10:27:50Z Jeff1138 301139 4633807 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [ AWeb], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->YouTube Viewing and downloading videos |<!--AROS-->Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [https://github.com/YePpHa/YouTubeCenter/releases or this one], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], |[ Wayfarer], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube],Odyssey (OWB), [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IRC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->Wookiechat, AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter (TM) and others |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], Bitlbee IRC Gateway |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter] |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix* |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, etc |<!--AROS-->Mplayer, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create and Edit Individual Video NLE |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://kazong.privat.t-online.de/archive.html DM2], [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |App Installer |<!--AROS-->[], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[ MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Backup |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS--> Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer |<!--AROS-->[ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [http://www.syz.com/DU/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Classroom Aids |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Assessments |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Reference |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Training |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Courseware |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Skills Builder |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [http://www.toolness.com/wp/category/interactive-fiction/ Infocom], [http://www.accardi-by-the-sea.org/ Zork Online]. [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [http://www.ucw.cz/draci-historie/index-en.html Dragon History for ScummVM], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards like |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card ], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [], |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [.html Aquaria]*(openGL), [http://www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://wargus.sourceforge.net/ Wargus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO:AI (OpenGL)], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/UnknownShadow200/ClassiCube Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Please make sure you have [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock. and possibly [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs] OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] ===E-mail=== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool *This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool *This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} o54drt47txybs74s06laq6yal9nmqxt 4633809 4633807 2026-05-03T10:36:16Z Jeff1138 301139 4633809 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [ AWeb], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->YouTube Viewing and downloading videos |<!--AROS-->Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [https://github.com/YePpHa/YouTubeCenter/releases or this one], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], |[ Wayfarer], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube],Odyssey (OWB), [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IRC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->Wookiechat, AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter (TM) and others |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], Bitlbee IRC Gateway |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter] |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix* |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, etc |<!--AROS-->Mplayer, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create and Edit Individual Video NLE |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://kazong.privat.t-online.de/archive.html DM2], [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |App Installer |<!--AROS-->[], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[ MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Backup |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS--> Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer |<!--AROS-->[ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [http://www.syz.com/DU/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Classroom Aids |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Assessments |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Reference |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Training |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Courseware |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Skills Builder |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [http://www.toolness.com/wp/category/interactive-fiction/ Infocom], [http://www.accardi-by-the-sea.org/ Zork Online]. [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [http://www.ucw.cz/draci-historie/index-en.html Dragon History for ScummVM], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards like |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card ], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [], |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [.html Aquaria]*(openGL), [http://www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://wargus.sourceforge.net/ Wargus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO:AI (OpenGL)], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/UnknownShadow200/ClassiCube Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Please make sure you have [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock. and possibly [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs] OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] ===E-mail=== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool *This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool *This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} fsqmhp0302as0qtqe42tk9c6qjo9y9g 4633810 4633809 2026-05-03T10:45:21Z Jeff1138 301139 4633810 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [ AWeb], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->YouTube Viewing and downloading videos |<!--AROS-->Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [https://github.com/YePpHa/YouTubeCenter/releases or this one], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], |[ Wayfarer], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube],Odyssey (OWB), [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IRC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->Wookiechat, AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter (TM) and others |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], Bitlbee IRC Gateway |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter] |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix* |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, etc |<!--AROS-->Mplayer, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create and Edit Individual Video NLE |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://kazong.privat.t-online.de/archive.html DM2], [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |App Installer |<!--AROS-->[], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[ MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Backup |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS--> Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer |<!--AROS-->[ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [http://www.syz.com/DU/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Classroom Aids |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Assessments |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Reference |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Training |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Courseware |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Skills Builder |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [http://www.toolness.com/wp/category/interactive-fiction/ Infocom], [http://www.accardi-by-the-sea.org/ Zork Online]. [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [http://www.ucw.cz/draci-historie/index-en.html Dragon History for ScummVM], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards like |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card ], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [], |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [.html Aquaria]*(openGL), [http://www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://wargus.sourceforge.net/ Wargus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO:AI (OpenGL)], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/UnknownShadow200/ClassiCube Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Please make sure you have [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock. and possibly [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs] OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] ===E-mail=== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool *This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool *This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} agw8xee5bnmcwt0nd1vmzwo3c5lk7x4 4633811 4633810 2026-05-03T10:48:47Z Jeff1138 301139 4633811 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&highlight=odyssey&rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [ AWeb], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->YouTube Viewing and downloading videos |<!--AROS-->Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [https://github.com/YePpHa/YouTubeCenter/releases or this one], |[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], |[ Wayfarer], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube],Odyssey (OWB), [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IRC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->Wookiechat, AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter (TM) and others |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], Bitlbee IRC Gateway |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter] |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix* |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, etc |<!--AROS-->Mplayer, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create and Edit Individual Video NLE |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://kazong.privat.t-online.de/archive.html DM2], [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |App Installer |<!--AROS-->[], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[ MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Backup |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS--> Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer |<!--AROS-->[ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [http://www.syz.com/DU/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Classroom Aids |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Assessments |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Reference |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Training |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Courseware |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Skills Builder |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [http://www.toolness.com/wp/category/interactive-fiction/ Infocom], [http://www.accardi-by-the-sea.org/ Zork Online]. [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [http://www.ucw.cz/draci-historie/index-en.html Dragon History for ScummVM], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards like |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card ], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [], |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [.html Aquaria]*(openGL), [http://www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://wargus.sourceforge.net/ Wargus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO:AI (OpenGL)], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/UnknownShadow200/ClassiCube Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Please make sure you have [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock. and possibly [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs] OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] ===E-mail=== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool *This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool *This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} 10r8zof3yfw9uycgp2w4fawz6i51dln 0 238420 4633521 4633289 2026-05-02T14:55:51Z Nkr4rj 3580067 4633521 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ [[Image:UVa Rotunda.jpg|thumb|196px|right|The Rotunda at The University of Virginia]] ''Lentis: The Social Interface of Technology'' is a guidebook to the realm where technological phenomena and social phenomena intersect. If we think of technology and society as circular domains that overlap, the common domain they share is a [[w:Lens (geometry)|lens]] in shape. Hence the short title of the book, ''Lentis,'' which is Latin for "of [or about] the lens." If the title (with its association with [[w:Lens|lenses]]) also suggests means of viewing, of examining, of magnifying, and of discovering, so much the better. The lens-shaped realm is called the "social interface of technology." The chief authors of ''Lentis'' are students at the University of Virginia's School of Engineering and Applied Science. The authors are engineers representing diverse fields of engineering. As a wikibook, ''Lentis'' will accept contributions from authors and editors all over the world, but the student authors will take particular responsibility to produce a complete, well documented, well written and useful book. This is a student project. Until December 20, 2024, would-be contributors who are not students in the class are asked to consider editing sparingly, but are invited to comment freely on discussion pages, where their suggestions and advice will be welcomed and appreciated. No one's right to edit is in question. ''Lentis'' is intended to serve a general purpose and a specific purpose. The general purpose is to present to interested readers worldwide illuminating cases with practical lessons for those who navigate the dangerous channels of the social interface of technology. The book begins with the premise that success in technological and social endeavors often depends upon the skillful negotiation of sociotechnical factors, where technological techniques alone, or social techniques alone, are insufficient. A second premise is that case studies offer generalizable lessons that can guide people who work where technology and society overlap. They are, in effect, "true fables" that offer "morals" of practical value in diverse endeavors. More specifically, ''Lentis'' is a book written by and for engineers. Here the premise is that engineers by definition are problem solvers whose instruments may include social as well as technological tools, whose work ultimately serves non-engineers, and who must therefore inevitably venture into the social interface of technology, where these non-engineers dwell. Too often, engineers have had to leave this territory to managers, policymakers, clients and others who lack the technical expertise for success in this zone. If engineers can develop the social expertise they need at the social interface of technology, they can lead there. If "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it," then those who recover the past can best lead us out of it. In the history of technology countless technological innovations succeeded until they met the social interface, where social phenomena interact with technological phenomena in surprising ways. This book will be a success if it helps engineers anticipate these effects. Most of the chapters in ''Lentis'' are examinations of cases. The authors will attempt to derive practical lessons from these cases; the most valuable lessons will be generalizable. If a lesson is generalizable, it is applicable in cases and situations that may be far removed in time, space or engineering field. A case from American transportation engineering in the 1990s, for example, may have lessons useful to biomedical engineers in 2024. The authors have endeavored to find such lessons in the cases they investigated. Because social theories are also useful navigational aids in the social interface of technology, some chapters examine such theories. The authors have sought not only to explain these theories, but to show how they can be of practical value. == Table of Contents == === '''Preliminaries''' === * [[/Chapters: Active and Candidates/]] === '''Lentis: The Social Interface of Technology''' === ==== Food and Energy ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[Lentis/Public Health, Sugary Drinks, and the US Beverage Lobby|Public Health, Sugary Drinks, and the US Beverage Lobby]] * [[/Biofuels Vs. Food in Developing Countries/]] * [[/Politics of Biofuels/]] * [[/Opposition to GMOs in Europe/]] * [[/Patenting of GM Seeds/]] * [[/Corn, Beef and Feedlots/]] * [[/Dakota Access Pipeline/]] * [[/High-Fructose Corn Syrup/]] * [[/The Organic Foods Movement/]] * [[/Local Food as a Case of Disintermediation/]] * [[/Local Food as a Social Movement/]] * [[/Marketing of Natural Foods/]] * [[/Corn Ethanol in the United States/]] * [[/Popular Perceptions of Nuclear Power/]] * [[/Nuclear Meltdown: Is Nuclear Energy Socially Viable Following the 2011 Japanese Earthquake?/]] * [[/Fracking/]] * [[/Wind Energy/]] * [[/Rare Earth Metals/]] * [[/Carbon Offsets/]] * [[/Clean Coal/]] * [[/Food Waste in the United States/]] * [[/Genetically Modified Food Controversy in the United States/]] *[[/Solar Energy Policy in Germany/]] *[[/Peak Oil/]] *[[/U.S. Arctic Oil Mining/]] *[[/How Energy Companies Rebrand Themselves/]] * [[/Gluten-Free: Nutritional Principle or Social Value/]] *[[/Vegan and Vegetarian Diets: Nutritional and Social Values/]] *[[/Energy from Trash/]] *[[/Life Off the Grid/]] * [[/Soylent/]] * [[/Expansion of Solar Farms in the Rural United States/]] * [[/Urban Farming/]] * [[/Oil Palm Plantations/]] * [[/Golden Rice/]] * [[/Miracle Rice/]] *[[/The Cavendish Banana, Monoculture, and Blight/]] *[[/Atlantic Coast Pipeline/]] * [[/Cooking with Wood Fuel/]] * [[Lentis/Solar Panel Recycling in the United States|Solar Panel Recycling in the United States]] * [[Lentis/Line 3 Pipeline Controversy|Line 3 Pipeline Controversy]] * [[/Data Centers and Energy/]] * [[/Conflicts of Interest in US Nutrition Research/]] </div> ==== Environmental Values and Climate Change ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[Lentis/8 House|8 House]] * [[Lentis/Plastic Bags|Plastic Bags]] * [[Lentis/Water Bottles|Water Bottles]] * [[Lentis/Competition for Water in California|Competition for Water in California]] * [[Lentis/Green Roofing|Green Roofing]] * [[Lentis/Hypoxic Zones|Hypoxic Zones]] * [[Lentis/Unnatural Selection: Explaining Strange Pet Breeds|Unnatural Selection: Explaining Strange Pet Breeds]] * [[Lentis/Masdar City|Masdar City]] * [[Lentis/World Trade as an Invasive Species Vector|World Trade as an Invasive Species Vector]] * [[Lentis/Noise pollution|Noise pollution]] * [[Lentis/Ecovillages|Ecovillages]] * [[Lentis/Climate Change Denial|Climate Change Denial]] * [[Lentis/Lawn Care in America: Intensive Agriculture, No Harvest|Lawn Care in America: Intensive Agriculture, No Harvest]] * [[Lentis/Marine Waste|Marine Waste]] * [[Lentis/Gold, Mercury, and Madre de Dios, Peru|Gold, Mercury, and Madre de Dios, Peru]] * [[Lentis/The Amazon Basin Fires of 2019|The Amazon Basin Fires of 2019]] * [[Lentis/Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles|Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles]] * [[Lentis/BedZED|BedZED]] * [[Lentis/Small Island Countries and Sea Level Rise|Small Island Countries and Sea Level Rise]] * [[Lentis/Light pollution|Light pollution]] * [[Lentis/The 2020 Western Wildfire Season in the U.S.|The 2020 Western Wildfire Season in the U.S.]] * [[Lentis/les Zadistes|les Zadistes]] *[[/Flight Shaming/]] *[[/Ecological Implications of Commercial Marine Fishing/]] *[[/Zero-Plastic Retailing/]] *[[/The PFAS Controversy/]] </div> ==== Health and Medicine ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[Lentis/Insurance Companies’ Influence in US Health Policy|Insurance Companies’ Influence in US Health Policy]] * [[Lentis/The Ebola Outbreak of 2014|The Ebola Outbreak of 2014]] * [[AI & Medical Imaging]] * [[Antimicrobial Agents in Consumer Products]] * [[Mental Health as a Pharmacological Growth Market]] * [[/Nicotine Addictions/]] * [[/Thinking Small: Appropriate Technology for Developing Countries/]] * [[/Water Supply, Sanitation, and Public Health in Haiti/]] * [[/Fluoridation/]] * [[/Medicine and Disgust/]] * [[/Popular Hygiene: Perceptions and Practices/]] * [[/Bedside Manner in the High-Tech Hospital/]] * [[/Technology and Quality of Life for the Terminally Ill/]] * [[/Ellie, the Microsoft Kinect, and Psychotherapy/]] * [[/Chatbots as Therapists/]] * [[/Placebos/]] * [[/Baby Formula/]] * [[/Sick Building Syndrome/]] * [[/Football and Concussions/]] * [[/The Dietary and Bodybuilding Supplement Industry in the United States /|The Dietary and Bodybuilding Supplement Industry in the United States]] * [[/Obesity and Diets in Economic Classes in the United States/]] * [[/Steroids and Baseball/]] * [[/Nanotechnology and Health/]] * [[/Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)/]] * [[/Malaria and Mosquito Nets/]] * [[/International Air Travel as a Disease Vector/]] * [[/Social Resistance to Vaccination: Thiomersal and Autism/]] * [[/Religious Opposition to Vaccination/]] * [[/Physician-Assisted Suicide/]] * [[/Power Balance, Magnetic Bracelets and Other Strange Cures/]] * [[/The D.A.R.E. Program/]] * [[/Social Obstacles to Public Health in Developing Countries/]] * [[/Athletes, Superstition, and Performance/]] * [[/Gattaca Revisited/]] * [[/Artificial Wombs/]] * [[/The Weight Loss Industry in the United States/]] * [[/Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomics/]] * [[/Vaping/]] * [[/Neuroprosthetics/]] * [[/Detoxing as a Social Phenomenon/]] * [[/Antibiotics in India/]] * [[/Public Health: Fear Appeals vs Self-Efficacy and Social Norms Campaigns/]] * [[/Public Health Responds to Physical Inactivity/]] * [[/Mobility and Access for the Disabled/]] * [[/Power Lines and Public Health/]] * [[/The HPV Vaccine/]] * [[/Medication Overload/]] * [[/The 2020 Pandemic Response in Italy/]] * [[/Healthcare in U.S. Prisons/]] * [[/Antimaskers in the U.S. during the 2020 Pandemic/]] * [[/Pain Scales/]] * [[/Augmented Reality in Medicine/]] * [[/COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution/]] * [[/Chloramination of Drinking Water/]] * [[/Manual Water Collection in Developing Countries/]] * [[/The U.S. Pandemic Response: Influenza, 1918-1919/]] * [[/Robotic Pets for Psychosocial Therapeutics/]] * [[/Caffeine Addiction/]] * [[/The Cultural Politics of Obesity Drugs in the US/]] * [[/Pharma’s influence in FDA/]] </div> ==== Mobility and Land Use ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[/Cascadia Earthquake Preparation/]] * [[/Bicyclists in Cities/]] * [[/Drivers’ and Bicyclists’ Perceptions of Each Other/]] * [[/American Automobility and the Car Counter-Culture/]] * [[/Congestion Pricing/]] * [[/Urban Sprawl/]] * [[/Planned Communities/]] * [[/Slugging/]] * [[/Bicycling in the Netherlands/]] * [[/Tata Nano and Mobility in India/]] * [[/How Cars Became Dining Rooms: Drive-Thrus, Cupholders and American Culture/]] * [[/Autonomous Vehicles/]] * [[/The Disappearing American Streetcar/]] * [[/Pedestrians and Walkability in Cities and Suburbs/]] * [[/Real-time Ridesharing/]] * [[/Hitchhiking in the Digital Age /]] * [[/Arcology/]] * [[/Lowriding/]] * [[/California High Speed Rail/]] * [[/Self-Driving Cars/]] * [[/The Future of U.S. Civil Aviation in 1945/]] * [[/Road Rage/]] * [[/The Ogallala Aquifer/]] * [[/Rail in America/]] * [[/The Belt and Road Initiative/]] * [[/Car Dependency in the U.S./]] * [[/Guerrilla Urbanism/]] *[[/The Transformation of Times Square/]] *[[/David Engwicht and Street Reclaiming/]] *[[/Vision Zero/]] *[[/Shared Space and Woonerven/]] *[[/Eyjafjallajökull 2010/]] *[[Lentis/Driving Speed Enforcement|Driving Speed Enforcement]] *[[/E-bikes and Personal Mobility/]] *[[Lentis/Zoning Laws in the United States|Zoning Laws in the United States]] *[[Lentis/Carpooling|Carpooling]] *[[The Politics of Electric Vehicle Subsidies]] *[[Lentis/Freeway Removal Movements in US Cities|Freeway Removal Movements in US Cities]] *[[/New Urbanism/]] </div> ==== Computers and the Internet ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[/AI: More Human Than You Think/]] * [[/Antipiracy/]] * [[/Amazon and the Ecommerce Evolution/]] * [[/Compulsive Connectivity/]] * [[/Screen-Free Child Rearing/]] * [[/Crowdsourcing Higher Education/]] * [[/Cryptocurrency/]] * [[/"Data is the new oil"/]] * [[/Deepfakes/]] * [[/Fake Users/]] * [[/Hacker Culture/]] * [[/Human Flesh Search Engine/]] * [[/Social Engineering/]] * [[/Internet Memes/]] * [[/Internet Subcultures/]] * [[/The Open-Source Movement/]] * [[/Electronic Voting/]] * [[/Online Consumer Reviews/]] * [[/Online Dating Scams/]] * [[/Online Shopping/]] * [[/Online Reputation Management/]] * [[/Online Recruitment by Extremist Groups/]] * [[/Peer-to-Peer Media Sharing/]] * [[/Program and High Frequency Trading/]] * [[/Social Networks/]] * [[/Social Media and the Arab Spring/]] * [[/Social Norms in Virtual Worlds/]] * [[/Software Journalism: When Programs Write the News/]] * [[/Street View/]] * [[/Second Life/]] * [[/User-Generated Content in the Internet Age/]] * [[/password1234: Internet Security and Password Culture/]] * [[/Reddit: Anonymity and Social Norms/]] * [[/Wikipedia/]] * [[/Cyber-Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems/]] * [[/Cyberterrorism and Cyberwarfare/]] * [[/Mass Collaboration/]] * [[/Net Neutrality/]] * [[/Mass Control of a Single Gamer/]] * [[/Harmonious Society: Internet Censorship in China/]] * [[/Web Induced Risk Taking/]] * [[/Where It Goes: Electronic Waste and Salvage/]] * [[/Working Conditions at Apple Hardware Factories in China/]] * [[/Facebook Cheating/]] * [[/Intellectual Property in the Internet Age/]] * [[/The Social Psychology of YouTube/]] * [[/Learning from a Distance/]] * [[/Communication Technology and Interpersonal Relationships/]] * [[/Identity Theft/]] * [[/Higher Education Online/]] * [[/The Culture of Instagram/]] * [[/New Media and the United States Presidential Election of 2008/]] * [[/Targeted Advertising/]] * [[/Viral Marketing/]] * [[/Web Tracking/]] * [[/Internet Anonymity/]] * [[/The Culture of Snapchat/]] * [[/Snopes, PolitiFact, and Other Fact-Checking Websites/]] * [[/Twitter and other social networks in the Iranian protests of 2009/]] * [[/The Internet Strategy of White Supremacists/]] * [[/Google Translate|Google Translate]] * [[/The Deep Web/]] * [[/Social Media Mining/]] * [[/Internet Witch Hunts/]] * [[/News Echo Chambers/]] * [[/Featuritis/]] * [[/Content Moderation/]] * [[/Virtual Reality/]] * * [[/Social Media Shaming Campaigns/]] * [[Lentis/The Geopolitics of TikTok|The Geopolitics of TikTok]] * [[/AI Music, Creativity, and Intellectual Property/]] </div> ==== Portable Electronics ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[Lentis/Smartphones and Cognitive Offloading|Smartphones and Cognitive Offloading]] * [[Cell Phones and Cancer in Britain]] * [[/Driving while Texting/]] * [[/GPS and Driving/]] * [[/Sociology of Texting/]] * [[/The Text Effect/]] * [[/Norms of Handheld Device Use/]] * [[/Happy Slapping/]] * [[/The Walkman Effect/]] * [[/Electronically Enabled Test Cheating/]] * [[/Cell Phones versus Face-to-Face Interaction/]] * [[/Children and Cell Phones/]] * [[/Amazon, E-readers and the Future of the Publishing Industry/]] * [[/Social Aspects of Cell Phone Cameras/]] * [[/Airline Passengers and Portable Electronics/]] * [[/Pokémon Go/]] * [[/Phone Cinematography/]] * [[/Cell Phones in Developing Countries/]] * [[/Wearable Activity Trackers/]] * [[/Handheld Electronics in South Korean Society/]] * [[/The Looking Glass/]] </div> ==== Entertainment and Media ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[/Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games/]] * [[/Gambling/]] * [[/Game Addictions/]] * [[/The Psychology and Technology of Game Immersion/]] * [[/The Proliferation of Music Production Capability/]] * [[/Grand Theft Auto: Violent Video Games and Controversy/]] * [[/Doom: Violent Video Games and Controversy/]] * [[/Implementation of Technology in Sports: Historical Successes and Failures, and Modern Discussion/]] * [[/Portrayal of Women in Video Games/]] * [[/Children,Video Games and Obesity/]] * [[/Electronic Sports (eSports)/]] * [[/Electronic Music Popular/]] * [[/From Cronkite to Stewart: TV News during and after Network Hegemony/]] * [[/The Impact of Fans on Technological Innovation in the NFL/]] * [[/Gold Farming/]] * [[/Jackass: Media Driven Risk Propagation/]] * [[/Anti-TV Social Movements/]] * [[/Media Format Wars/]] * [[/Microtransactions in Videogames/]] * [[/Moe Anthropomorphism/]] * [[/Hello Kitty: Identity Crisis, Kawaii Culture, and More/]] * [[/Technology and Conventional Norms of Personal Beauty/]] * [[/Dance Dance Revolution/]] * [[/Super Smash Bros./]] * [[/Twitch/]] * [[/Instant Replay in International Soccer/]] * [[/Among Us: Social Behavior in a Virtual World/]] * [[Lentis/TikTok|TikTok]] </div> ==== Security, Official Violence, Freedom, Privacy ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[/JEDI Cloud/]] * [[/Digital Rights Management/]] * [[/Military Industrial Complex/]] * [[/Tasers and Stun Guns/]] * [[/Probation Technology/]] * [[/International Drug Trafficking and Law Enforcement/]] * [[/Air Travel Security/]] * [[/The United States - Mexico Border/]] * [[/Recording Police Activity/]] * [[/Video Surveillance/]] * [[/Shopkeepers and Shoplifters: Technology and the Changing Balance of Power/]] * [[/Cell Phones in Prison/]] * [[/Cell Phone Jamming in the United States/]] * [[/Freedom of Information: WikiLeaks/]] * [[/Playing Games at Work: Employees versus Employers, Surveillance and Stealth/]] * [[/Cyberslacking/]] * [[/Mashups and Remixes: Between Creativity and Theft/]] * [[/Video Surveillance in Great Britain/]] * [[/Technology and Incarceration in the United States/]] * [[/Additive Manufacturing/]] * [[/Law Enforcement Access to Encrypted Data/]] * [[/Amateurs with Drones/]] * [[/Body Cameras/]] * [[/Human Terrain System: Military Meets Cultural Mindfulness/]] * [[/Law Enforcement and Social Media/]] * [[/Cyber-attack Attribution/]] * [[/China’s Social Credit System/]] * [[/Technology in the 2019 Hong Kong Protests/]] * [[/8chan/]] * [[/Lockheed Martin F-35/]] * [[/Drone Warfare/]] *[[/Capital Punishment in the United States/]] * [[/The Yellow Vests Movement/]] * [[Lentis/The 2018 U.S. Prison Strike|The 2018 U.S. Prison Strike]] * [[Lentis/Office Productivity in the Changing Workplace|Office Productivity in the Changing Workplace]] * [[Lentis/The Geopolitics of Asymmetric War: The Case of Ukraine|The Geopolitics of Asymmetric War: The Case of Ukraine]] </div> ==== Systemic Racism in the U.S. ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[/Gentrification/]] * [[/Predictive Policing/]] *[[The Prison-Industrial Complex]] *[[/The War on Drugs/]] *[[Lentis/Algorithmic Bias|Algorithmic Bias]] *[[Lentis/The School to Prison Pipeline|The School to Prison Pipeline]] *[[Lentis/TheHBCURenaissance|The HBCU Renaissance]] </div> ==== Technology and Gender ==== * [[Lentis/Algorithmic_bias_by_gender|Algorithmic Bias by Gender]] ==== History of Technology ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[The Decline of Public Transport in the U.S., 1945-1975]] * [[/The Pill, the Vatican, and American Catholics/]] * [[/Education and the Space Race in the United States/]] * [[/Technology, Organized Crime, and Law Enforcement in the early 20th-Century United States/]] * [[/Disease Prevention in the First World War/]] * [[/Atomic Age Optimism: 1930s - 1960s/]] * [[/Abortion in America as a Sociotechnical Controversy/]] * [[/Phreaking/]] * [[/Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the Development of Environmental Values, 1950-1970/]] *[[/The Legacy of the Donora Smog of 1946/]] *[[/COINTELPRO: The FBI, Civil Rights, and Domestic Surveillance/]] </div> ==== Sociotechnical Theories and Movements ==== <div style="column-count:3"> * [[Lentis/Protection Motivation Theory|Protection Motivation Theory]] * [[/The Singularity/]] * [[/Conversion to the Metric Standard in the United States/]] * [[/Disintermediation/]] * [[/Jevons Paradox/]] * [[/Path Dependence/]] * [[/Neoluddism and Technophilia/]] * [[/Emergent Behavior/]] * [[/Free Range Kids/|Free Range Kids: Children's Independent Mobility]] * [[/User Trust/]] * [[/The Panopticon/]] * [[/Planned Obsolescence/]] * [[/Fake News/]] *[[/Iron Triangles in the U.S. Federal Government/]] *[[/Risk Compensation/]] </div> {{BookCat}} {{Shelves|general engineering|Class projects}} {{alphabetical|L}} {{status|100%}} e4j16yfjh0pd4rwbr29b8k0338h3c7m 0 253928 4633833 4413695 2026-05-03T11:49:44Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633833 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- This article uses Japan Standard Time (JST) for events taking place in Japan. Before adding the time of an event to the article, ensure that it is a JST time and use the format "23:59 J The {{nihongo|'''Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster'''|福島第一原子力発電所事故|Fukushima Dai-ichi ({{Audio|Fukushima daiichi.ogg|pronunciation|lang=ja|help=no}}) genshiryoku hatsudensho jiko}} is a series of ongoing Nuclear and radiation accidents#Equipment failure|equipment failures and Nuclear and radiation accidents#Radiation accidents|releases of radioactive materials at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, following the moment magnitude scale|9.0 magnitude 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10716671|title=Japan's unfolding disaster 'bigger than Chernobyl'|publisher=New Zealand Herald|date=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Explainer: What Went Wrong in Japan's Nuclear Reactors|url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/energy/nuclear/explainer-what-went-wrong-in-japans-nuclear-reactors|publisher=IEEE Spectrum|date=4 April 2011}}</ref> The plant comprises six separate boiling water reactors maintained by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). This accident is the largest of the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents arising from the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and experts consider it to be the second largest nuclear accident after the Chernobyl disaster, but more complex as multiple reactors are involved.<ref>[http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/132391/20110409/japan-nuclear-crisis-radiation.htm "Analysis: A month on, Japan nuclear crisis still scarring,"] ''International Business Times'' (Australia). 9 April 2011, retrieved 12 April 2011; excerpt, According to James M. Acton|James Acton, Associate of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Fukushima is not the worst nuclear accident ever but it is the most complicated and the most dramatic ... This was a crisis that played out in real time on TV. Chernobyl did not."</ref> At the time of the quake, reactor 4 had been de-fueled while 5 and 6 were in cold shutdown for planned maintenance.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Black, Richard |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12745186 |title=BBC News – Reactor breach worsens prospects |publisher=BBC News |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> The remaining reactors shut down automatically after the earthquake, with emergency generators starting up to run the control electronics and water pumps needed to cool reactors. The plant was protected by a seawall designed to withstand a 5.7&nbsp;m (19&nbsp;ft) tsunami but not the 14&nbsp;m (46&nbsp;ft) maximum wave which arrived 41–60 minutes after the earthquake.<ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110410003477.htm EPCO details tsunami damage]</ref> The entire plant was flooded, including low-lying generators and electrical switchgear in reactor basements and external pumps for supplying cooling seawater. The connection to the electrical grid was broken. All power for cooling was lost and reactors started to Decay heat#Power reactors in shutdown|overheat, owing to natural Radioactive decay|decay of the fission products created before shutdown. The flooding and earthquake damage hindered external assistance. Evidence soon arose of partial nuclear meltdown|core meltdown in reactors 1, 2, and 3; hydrogen explosions destroyed the upper cladding of the buildings housing reactors 1, 3, and 4; an explosion damaged the containment inside reactor 2;<ref name=IAEA15March>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2011/fukushima150311.html |title=Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log, Updates of 15 March 2011 |publisher=IAEA |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=8 May 2011}}</ref> multiple fires broke out at reactor 4. Despite being initially shutdown, reactors 5 and 6 began to overheat. Spent nuclear fuel|Fuel rods stored in pools in each reactor building began to overheat as water levels in the pools dropped. Fears of radiation leaks led to a 20&nbsp;km (12&nbsp;mi) radius evacuation around the plant while workers suffered radiation exposure and were temporarily evacuated at various times. One generator at unit 6 was restarted on 17 March allowing some cooling at units 5 and 6 which were least damaged. Grid power was restored to parts of the plant on 20 March, but machinery for reactors 1 through 4, damaged by floods, fires and explosions, remained inoperable.<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704021504576210251376606080.html Stricken Reactors May Get Power Sunday], ''The Wall Street Journal'', 19 March 2011</ref> Flooding with radioactive water continues to prevent access to basement areas where repairs are needed.<ref name=calamity>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/containing-a-calamity-creates-another-nuclear-nightmare-20110408-1d7qn.html |title=Containing a calamity creates another nuclear nightmare |author=Julie Makinen, Ralph Vartabedian |date=9 April 2011 |work=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> However, on 5 May, workers were able to enter reactor buildings for the first time since the accident.<ref name="ReferenceB">[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/05_17.html Workers enter reactor building], NHK, 5 May 2011</ref> Measurements taken by the Japanese science ministry and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology|education ministry in areas of northern Japan 30–50&nbsp;km from the plant showed Caesium-137|radioactive caesium levels high enough to cause concern.<ref name="NewScie2">{{cite web |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20305-caesium-fallout-from-fukushima-rivals-chernobyl.html |title= Caesium fallout from Fukushima rivals Chernobyl |publisher=New Scientist |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5xZGE47q4 |archivedate=30 March 2011 |accessdate=30 March 2011}}</ref> Food grown in the area was banned from sale. Based on worldwide measurements of iodine-131 and caesium-137, it was suggested that the releases of those isotopes from Fukushima are of the same order of magnitude as those from Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl in 1986;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/aktuell/index.php |title=Aktuelle Informationen |publisher= Web site of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), Austria's national weather service agency (data in German)}}</ref><ref name="NewScie">{{cite web |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20285-fukushima-radioactive-fallout-nears-chernobyl-levels.html |title= Fukushima radioactive fallout nears Chernobyl levels |publisher=New Scientist |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5xRjHTuh3 |archivedate=25 March 2011 |accessdate=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=New Scientist and the Wall of Zeros |author=Charlie Martin, Science and Technology Editor |url=http://pajamasmedia.com/tatler/2011/03/24/new-scientist-and-the-wall-of-zeros/|publisher=Pajamas Media}}</ref> Tokyo officials temporarily recommended that tap water should not be used to prepare food for infants.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/19/us-japan-nuclear-food-idUSTRE72I1X120110319 Japan mulls Fukushima food ban: IAEA], Reuters, 19 March 2011</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Justin McCurry in Osaka |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/23/tokyo-water-unsafe-infants |title=Tokyo water unsafe for infants after high radiation levels detected |date=23 March 2010 |work=Guardian |accessdate=23 March 2011 |location=London}}</ref> Plutonium contamination has been detected in the soil at two sites in the plant.<ref name="tepco.co.jp">{{cite press release |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/betu11_e/images/110328e14.pdf |title=Results of Pu measurement in the soil in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant|publisher = TEPCO|date=28 March 2011 |format=PDF |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Two workers hospitalized as a precaution on 25 March had been exposed to between 2000 and 6000 Milli-|msievert|Sv of radiation at their ankles when standing in water in unit 3.<ref name="NY Times 2-6 sieverts">{{Cite news|title=Higher Radiation Levels Found at Japanese Reactor|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/world/asia/28japan.html |work=The New York Times |accessdate=27 March 2011|date=27 March 2011|author=Jolly, David et al.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (27 March, 03:00 UTC)|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2011/fukushima270311.html|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|accessdate=27 March 2011|date=27 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Japan Times 2-6 sieverts detected">{{cite web|title=Level of iodine-131 in seawater off chart|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110326x1.html|publisher=Japan Times|accessdate=27 March 2011|coauthors=KANAKO TAKAHARA and KAZUAKI NAGATA|date=26 March 2011}}</ref> Radiation levels varied widely over time and location, from well below 1&nbsp;mSv/h to slightly over 1000&nbsp;mSv/h. Normal background radiation varies from place to place but delivers a dose equivalent|dose equivalent rate of about 0.3&nbsp;µSv/h.<ref name=IAEA1>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/radlife.html|title=Radiation in everyday life|publisher=IAEA}}</ref><ref name="worldnuclearinf05">[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf05.html Nuclear Radiation and Health Effects], World Nuclear News, April 2011</ref> For comparison, one chest x-ray is about 0.02&nbsp;mSv and an abdominal CT scan is supposed to be less than 10&nbsp;mSv.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115329.htm|author = US Food and Drug Administration|title = Medical Imaging|date = 08/06/2009|accessdate = 2 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1126/science.331.6020.1002 |author= Lauren Schenkman |title= Second Thoughts About CT Imaging |journal=Science|pages= 1002–1004|issue= 6020 |volume= 331 |date= 25 February 2011|accessdate = 2 May 2011}}.</ref> Japanese officials initially assessed the accident as level 4 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) despite the views of other international agencies that it should be higher. The level was successively raised to 5 and eventually to 7, the maximum scale value.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2011/04/11/world/asia/AP-AS-Japan-Earthquake-Rating.html 'Japan to Raise Alert Level of Nuclear Crisis'] BBC News online 18 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1375981/Now-radiation-Japan-bad-Chernobyl-crisis-level-raised-seven-second-time-history.html 'Now radiation in Japan is as bad as radiation level is raised to 7 for only the second time in history'] ''Daily Mail'' 12 April 2011.</ref> The Japanese government and TEPCO have been criticized for poor communication with the public<ref>{{Cite news |author=Wagner, Wieland |title=Problematic Public Relations: Japanese Leaders Leave People in the Dark |work=Der Spiegel |date=15 March 2011 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,751109,00.html |accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=China urges Japan's openness amid panic buying of salt |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=17 March 2011 |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1117111/1/.html |accessdate=17 March 2011|agency = AFP}}</ref> and improvised cleanup efforts.<ref name=Hackenbroch>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,754868,00.html |title=A Hapless Fukushima Clean-Up Effort |author=Veronika Hackenbroch, Cordula Meyer and Thilo Thielke |date=5 April 2011 |work=Der Spiegel}}</ref> Experts have said that a workforce in the hundreds or even thousands would take years or decades to clean up the area.<ref name=calamity/> On 20 March, the Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano announced that the plant would be decommissioned once the crisis was over. {{TOC limit|3}} ==Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant== [[File:BWR Mark I Containment sketch with downcomers.png|thumb|Simplified cross-section sketch of a typical BWR Mark I containment, as used in units 1 to 5. Key: DW, dry well enclosing reactor pressure vessel; WW, Torus-shaped all around the base enclosing steam suppression pool. Excess steam from the dry well enters the wetwell water pool via downcomer pipes; SFP, spent fuel pool area; RPV, Reactor Pressure Vessel; SCSW, Secondary Concrete Shield Wall.]] {{main|Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant}} The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant consists of six light water, boiling water reactors (BWR) designed by General Electric driving electrical generators with a combined power of 4.7 gigawatts, making Fukushima I one of the 25 largest nuclear power stations in the world. Fukushima I was the first nuclear plant to be constructed and run entirely by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). Unit 1 is a 439 MWe type (BWR3) reactor constructed in July 1967. It commenced commercial electrical production on 26 March 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=14&lokacija=818 |title=Fukushima Daiichi Information Screen |publisher=Icjt.org |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> It was designed for a peak ground acceleration of 0.18 g (1.74&nbsp;m/s²) and a response spectrum based on the 1952 Kern County earthquake.<ref name=brady>{{Cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qEuWntnoZzYC&pg=PA123|publisher=United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards|first = A. Gerald|last = Brady|editor = Ellingwood, Bruce|year= 1980|page = 123|title= An Investigation of the Miyagi-ken-oki, Japan, earthquake of June 12, 1978|volume = 592|series = NBS special publication}}</ref> Units 2 and 3 are both 784 MWe type BWR-4 reactors, unit 2 commenced operating in July 1974 and unit 3 in March 1976. The design basis for all units ranged from 0.42 g (4.12&nbsp;m/s²) to 0.46 g (4.52&nbsp;m/s²).<ref name=tepco0401>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11040103-e.html|title=The record of the earthquake intensity observed at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station (Interim Report)|work=TEPCO|date=1 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=WWN24>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Fukushima_faced_14-metre_tsunami_2303113.html|title=Fukushima faced 14-metre tsunami|date=24 March 2011|work=World Nuclear News|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> All units were inspected after the 1978 Miyagi earthquake when the ground acceleration was 0.125 g (1.22&nbsp;m/s²) for 30 seconds, but no damage to the critical parts of the reactor was discovered.<ref name=brady/> Units 1–5 have a Mark 1 type (light bulb torus) containment structure, unit 6 has Mark 2 type (over/under) containment structure.<ref name=brady/> From September 2010, unit 3 has been fueled by mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel.<ref name=ns>{{Cite news|url = http://nuclearstreet.com/nuclear_power_industry_news/b/nuclear_power_news/archive/2010/09/17/fukushima-to-restart-using-mox-fuel-for-first-time-091704.aspx|work=Nuclear Street|date=17 September 2010|title= Fukushima to Restart Using MOX Fuel for First Time|accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> At the time of the accident, the units and central storage facility contained the following numbers of fuel assemblies:<ref>Martin, Alex, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110320b1.html Lowdown on nuclear crisis and potential scenarios]", ''Japan Times'', 20 March 2011, p. 3.</ref> :{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align: center;" ! Location ! Unit 1 !! Unit 2 !! Unit 3 !! Unit 4 !! Unit 5 !! Unit 6 !! Central Storage |- ! Reactor Fuel Assemblies | 400 || 548 || 548 || 0 || 548 || 764 || 0 |- ! Spent Fuel Assemblies | 292 || 587 || 514 || 1331 || 946 || 876 || 6375 |- ! New Fuel Assemblies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110406-1-1.pdf |title=NISA – The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Pacific Earthquake and the seismic damage to the NPPs, pg 35. |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> | 100 || 28 || 52 || 204 || 48 || 64 || N/A |} ===Cooling requirements=== [[File:Bwr-rpv.svg|thumb|upright|Diagrammatic representation of the cooling systems of a BWR.]] :''See also: Decay heat – Power reactors in shutdown and Nuclear safety systems'' A nuclear reactor generates heat by splitting atoms, typically uranium, in a chain reaction. The reactor continues to generate heat after the chain reaction is stopped because of the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes, fission products, created by this process. This decay of unstable isotopes, and the decay heat, cannot be stopped.<ref name="Meltdown101">{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0316/Meltdown-101-Why-is-Fukushima-crisis-still-out-of-control|title=Meltdown 101: Why is Fukushima crisis still out of control?|accessdate=27 March 2011|author=Grier, Peter|date=16 March 2011|publisher=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Helman, Christopher |url=http://blogs.forbes.com/christopherhelman/2011/03/15/explainer-what-caused-the-incident-at-fukushima-daiichi/ |title=Explainer: What caused the incident at Fukushima-Daiichi |work=Forbes |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Immediately after shutdown, this decay heat amounts to approximately 6% of full thermal heat production of the reactor.<ref name="Meltdown101"/> The decay heat in the reactor core decreases over several days before reaching cold shutdown levels.<ref>[http://www.hss.doe.gov/nuclearsafety/ns/techstds/standard/hdbk1019/h1019v2.pdf#page=125 DOE fundamentals handbook – Decay heat, Nuclear physics and reactor theory] – volume 2 of 2, module 4, page 61.</ref> Nuclear fuel rods that have reached cold shutdown temperatures typically require another several years of water cooling in a spent fuel pool before decay heat production reduces to the point that they can be safely transferred to dry storage casks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.somdnews.com/stories/03232011/rectop133917_32384.shtml |title=What if it happened here? |publisher=Somdnews.com |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> In order to safely remove this decay heat, reactor operators must continue to circulate cooling water over fuel rods in the reactor core and spent fuel pond.<ref name="Meltdown101"/><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news|author=Mike Soraghan|agency = Greenwire |url=http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/03/24/24greenwire-japan-disaster-raises-questions-about-backup-p-16451.html |title=Japan disaster raises questions about backup power at US nuclear plants |work=The New York Times |date=24 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> In the reactor core, circulation is accomplished by use of high pressure systems that pump water through the reactor pressure vessel and into heat exchangers. These systems transfer heat to a secondary heat exchanger via the essential service water system, taking away the heat which is pumped out to the sea or site cooling towers.<ref name=pcsr-09-06-29>[http://www.epr-reactor.co.uk/ssmod/liblocal/docs/PCSR/Chapter%20%209%20-%20Auxiliary%20Systems/Sub-Chapter%209.2%20-%20Water%20Systems.pdf Pre-construction safety report – Sub-chapter 9.2 – Water Systems.] AREVA NP / EDF, published 2009-06-29, accessed 23 March 2011.</ref> To circulate cooling water when the reactor is shut down and not producing electricity, cooling pumps can be powered by other units on-site, by other units off-site through the grid, or by diesel generators.<ref name="nytimes2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eenews.net/assets/2011/03/23/document_pm_01.pdf |title=Regulatory effectiveness of the station blackout rule. |format=PDF |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> In addition, boiling water reactors have steam-turbine driven emergency core cooling systems that can be directly operated by steam still being produced after a reactor shutdown, which can inject water directly into the reactor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shimbun.denki.or.jp/en/news/20110318_01.html |title=Why has it become impossible for Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station to cool reactor core? |publisher=Shimbun.denki.or.jp |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Steam turbines results in less dependence on emergency generators, but steam turbines only operate so long as the reactor is producing steam. Some electrical power, provided by batteries, is needed to operate the valves and monitoring systems. If the water in the unit 4 spent fuel pool had been heated to boiling temperature, the decay heat has the capacity to boil off about 70 tonnes of water per day (12 gallons per minute), which puts the requirement for cooling water in context.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allthingsnuclear.org/post/4008511524/more-on-spent-fuel-pools-at-fukushima |title=More on spent fuel pools at Fukushima |publisher=Allthingsnuclear.org |date=21 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> On 16 April 2011, TEPCO declared that reactors 1–4's cooling systems were beyond repair and would have to be replaced.<ref>Higgins, Andrew, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/todays_paper/A%20Section/2011-04-20/A/6/18.0.2348772357_epaper.html Early disorder intensified Japan's crisis]", ''The Washington Post'', 19 April 2011, retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> ==Earthquake and tsunami== {{See|Timeline of the Fukushima I nuclear accidents|2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami}} [[File:Power Grid of Japan.PNG|thumb|Map of Japan's electricity distribution network, showing incompatible systems between regions.]] The 9.0 M_W Tōhoku earthquake occurred at 14:46 JST on Friday, 11 March 2011 with epicenter near the island of Honshu.<ref name="Earthquake.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/ |title=Magnitude 9.0 – near the East coast of Honshu, Japan|publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> It resulted in maximum ground accelerations of 0.56, 0.52, 0.56 g (5.50, 5.07 and 5.48&nbsp;m/s²) at units 2, 3 and 5 respectively, above their designed tolerances of 0.45, 0.45 and 0.46 g (4.38, 4.41 and 4.52&nbsp;m/s²), but values within the design tolerances at units 1, 4 and 6.<ref name=WWN24/> The Fukushima I facility had not initially been designed for a tsunami of the size that struck the plant,<ref>Arita, Eriko, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110320x2.html Disaster analysis you may not hear elsewhere]", ''Japan Times'', 20 March 2011, p. 12.</ref><ref>Agence France-Presse/Jiji Press, "Tsunami that knocked out nuke plant cooling systems topped 14 meters", ''Japan Times'', 23 March 2011, p. 2.</ref> nor had the reactors been modified when later concerns were raised in Japan and by the IAEA.<ref name=wl>{{cite web|url=http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-03-iaea-japan-nuclear-quake-wikileaks.html |title=IAEA warned Japan over nuclear quake risk: WikiLeaks |publisher=physorg.com |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> When the earthquake occurred, reactor units 1, 2, and 3 were operating, but units 4, 5, and 6 had already been shut down for periodic inspection.<ref name=tepco0401/><ref name=tepco12a>{{Cite press release |title= Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 00:00 March 12th)|url= http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031203-e.html|publisher=TEPCO|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> Units 1, 2 and 3 underwent an automatic shutdown (called SCRAM) when the earthquake struck.<ref name=tepco11a>{{Cite press release |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031102-e.html|title=Occurrence of a Specific Incident Stipulated in Article 10, Clause 1 of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness (Fukushima Daiichi)|publisher=TEPCO|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> When the reactors shut down, the plant stopped generating electricity, stopping the normal source of power for the plant.<ref name=tepco11b/> TEPCO reported that one of the two connections to off-site power for reactors 1–3 also failed<ref name=tepco11b/> so 13 on-site emergency diesel generators began powering the plant's cooling and control systems<ref name="yomiuri.co.jp">[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110411004567.htm TEPCO tardy on N-plant emergency : National : DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE (The Daily Yomiuri)]. Yomiuri.co.jp (2011-04-12). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> There are two emergency diesel generators for units 1 to 5 and three for unit 6).<ref name="NISASummary060411">[http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110406-1-1.pdf The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Pacific Earthquake and the seismic damage to the NPPs]</ref> The earthquake was followed by a 15&nbsp;m (49&nbsp;ft) tsunami arriving 41 minutes later which topped the plant's 5.7&nbsp;m (19&nbsp;ft) seawall,<ref>{{cite web|title=TEPCO details tsunami damage|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110410003477.htm|work=Yomiuri Shimbun|accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jma.go.jp/en/tsunami/observation_04_20110313180559.html Japan Meteorological Agency|Tsunami Warnings/Advisories, Tsunami Information]. Jma.go.jp. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref><ref>Bloomberg, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110411n1.html Tepco revises tsunami's height to 15 meters]", ''Japan Times'', 11 April 2011, p. 1.</ref> flooding the basement of the Turbine Buildings and disabling the emergency diesel generators<ref name=nytimesWilson/><ref name=WNN>{{Cite news|title=Massive earthquake hits Japan|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Massive_earthquake_hits_Japan_1103111.html| accessdate=13 March 2011|newspaper=World Nuclear News|date=11 March 2011}}; {{cite web|title=Japan Earthquake Update (2030 CET)|url=http://www.iaea.org/press/?p=1121|work=IAEA Alert Log|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> located there<ref name="NISASummary060411"/> at approximately 15:41.<ref name=tepco11b/><ref>Bloomberg L.P., "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110505n1.html Time not on workers' side as crisis raced on]", ''Japan Times'', 5 May 2011, p. 3.</ref> At this point, TEPCO notified authorities, as required by law, of a "First Level Emergency."<ref name=tepco11a/> The Fukushima II plant, which was also struck by the tsunami, incorporated design changes which improved its resistance to flooding, and survived significantly better. Generators were located in the watertight reactor building rather than the turbine building which flooded. Seawater pumps for cooling were given protection from flooding, and although 3 of 4 failed in the tsunami, they were able to be restored to operation.<ref>[http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201104060126.html Fukushima No. 1 plant designed on 'trial-and-error' basis], ''Asahi Shimbun'', 7 April 2011</ref> After the diesel generators failed, emergency power for control systems was supplied by batteries that were designed to last about eight hours.<ref name="bwokada">{{Cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-11/japan-orders-evacuation-from-near-nuclear-plant-after-quake.html |title=Japan Orders Evacuation From Near Nuclear Plant After Quake |author=Inajima, Tsuyoshi |author2=Okada, Yuji |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Further batteries and mobile generators were dispatched to the site, delayed by poor road conditions with the first not arriving until 21:00 JST 11 March,<ref name="yomiuri.co.jp"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Japan Earthquake Update (2210 CET)|url=http://www.iaea.org/press/?p=1133|work=IAEA Alert Log|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> almost six hours after the tsunami struck. Work to connect portable generating equipment to power water pumps was still continuing as of 15:04 JST on 12 March,<ref name=nisa313/> because the normal connection point in a basement was flooded and because of difficulties finding suitable cables.<ref name=nytimesWilson>David Sanger and Matthew Wald, [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/world/asia/japan-fukushima-nuclear-reactor.html Radioactive releases in Japan could last months, experts say.] ''The New York Times'' 13 March 2011</ref> TEPCO switched its efforts to provide power to the facility to re-stringing high voltage cables to the grid.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Magnier, Mark et al.|title=New power line could restore cooling systems at Fukushima Daiichi plant |work=Los Angeles Times |date=16 March 2011 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-japan-quake-daiichi-20110317,0,5721172.story?track=rss |accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref> One plant generator at unit 6 was restorted to operation on 17 March, and external power returned to units 5 and 6, on 20 March, allowing cooling equipment to be restarted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Stabilisation_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_2003111.html |title=Stabilisation at Fukushima Daiichi |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=20 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> ==Reactor unit 1== ===Cooling problems and first radioactivity release=== [[File:Fukushima 1 Nuclear Power Plant 02.jpg|thumb |Unit 1 before the explosion. The join can be seen between the lower concrete building and upper lighter cladding which was blown away in the explosion. The trees and lamp posts indicate its size.]] On 11 March at 14:46 JST, unit 1 scrammed successfully in response to the earthquake<ref name=tepco11b>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031103-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 3|publisher=Tepco|date=11 March 2011}}</ref> though evacuated workers reported violent shaking and burst pipes within the reactor building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110316005275.htm |title=Terror at N-plant during quake |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |location=Japan |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> All generated electrical power was lost following the tsunami leaving only emergency batteries, able to run some of the monitoring and control systems. At 15:42, TEPCO declared a "Nuclear Emergency Situation" for units 1 and 2 because "reactor water coolant injection could not be confirmed for the emergency core cooling systems."<ref name="tepco11b"/> The alert was temporarily cleared when water level monitoring was restored for unit 1 but it was reinstated at 17:07 JST.<ref name="tepco11b"/> Potentially radioactive steam was released from the primary circuit into the secondary containment area to reduce mounting pressure.<ref>[http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/03/radiation-1000-times-normal-detected-around-crippled-japanese-plant/1 Radiation 1K times normal at one Japan nuke plant]. ''USA Today'' (3 January 2011). Retrieved 12 March 2011.</ref> After the loss of site power, unit 1 initially continued cooling using the isolation condenser system; by midnight water levels in the reactor were falling and TEPCO gave warnings of the possibility of radioactive releases.<ref name=TEPCO12-3:00>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031203-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 0 am March 12th) |publisher=TEPCO |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> In the early hours of 12 March, TEPCO reported that radiation levels were rising in the turbine building for unit 1<ref>[http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110311D11JF351.htm "Radiation level rising in Fukushima Nuclear Plant turbine building."] Nikkei.com. 12 March 2011 JST. Retrieved 18:30 GMT 11 March 2011.</ref> and that it was considering venting some of the mounting pressure into the atmosphere, which could result in the release of some radioactivity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0312/TKY201103110824.html |title=（朝日新聞社）：福島原発炉内蒸気、外に逃す作業検f討　放射能漏れの恐れ – 社会|work=Asahi Shimbun |location=Japan|accessdate=13 March 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref> Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano stated later in the morning the amount of potential radiation would be small and that the prevailing winds were blowing out to sea.<ref>International Business Times. [http://hken.ibtimes.com/articles/121928/20110312/japan-quake.htm Japan warns of small radiation leak from quake-hit plant] Retrieved 11 March 2011, 21:48 (GMT)</ref> At 02:00 JST, the pressure inside the reactor containment was reported to be 600 kPa (6 bar or 87 psi), 200 kPa higher than under normal conditions.<ref name=WNN/> At 05:30 JST, the pressure inside reactor 1 was reported to be 2.1 times the "design capacity",<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/11/japan-quake-tepco-pressure-idUSLHE7EB00R20110311 Fukushima reactor pressure may have hit 2.1 times capacity -METI] Maeda, Rita, Reuters wire service, quoting Japan Trade Ministry (20:30 GMT) 12 March 2011 (Tokyo time)</ref> 820 kPa.<ref name=WNN1>{{Cite news|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html |title=Battle to stabilise earthquake reactors |author=World Nuclear News |publisher=World Nuclear News |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> Isolation cooling ceased to operate between midnight and 11:00 JST 12 March, at which point TEPCO started relieving pressure and injecting water.<ref name=TEPCO12-3:11>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031217-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 11 am March 12th ) |publisher=TEPCO |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> One employee working inside unit 1 at this time received a radiation dose of 106 mSv and was later sent to a hospital to have his condition assessed.<ref name=TEPCO12-3:13>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031219-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 1 pm March 12th) |publisher=TEPCO |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Rising heat within the containment area led to increasing pressure. Electricity was needed for both the cooling water pumps and ventilation fans used to drive gases through heat exchangers within the containment.<ref>[http://allthingsnuclear.org/post/3792741638/containment-at-fukushima All Things Nuclear • Containment at Fukushima]. Allthingsnuclear.org. Retrieved 12 March 2011.</ref> Releasing gases from the reactor is necessary if pressure becomes too high and has the benefit of cooling the reactor as water boils off but this also means cooling water is being lost and must be replaced.<ref name=nytimesWilson/> If there was no damage to the fuel elements, water inside the reactor should be only slightly radioactive. In a press release at 07:00 JST 12 March, TEPCO stated, "Measurement of radioactive material (iodine, etc.) by monitoring car indicates increasing value compared to normal level. One of the monitoring posts is also indicating higher than normal level."<ref name=TEPCO-7AM /> Dose rates recorded on the main gate rose from 69 nGy/h (for gamma radiation, equivalent to 69 nSv/h) at 04:00 JST, 12 March, to 866 nGy/h 40 minutes later, before hitting a peak of 0.3855 mSv/h at 10:30 JST.<ref name=TEPCO-7AM>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031211-e.html |title=Impact to TEPCO's Facilities due to Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake (as of 7 am) |publisher=TEPCO News website |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref><ref>Nikkei, [http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110312D12JF363.htm Radiation could already have leaked at nuke plant.]. 12 March 2011, 7:20 JST.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/betu11_j/images/110312g.pdf|title=福島第一原子力発電所モニタリングカーによる計測状況|accessdate=13 March 2011|work=TEPCO|language=Japanese|quote=69 nGy/h ... 866 nGy/h ... 385.5 μSv/h}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/11031226-j.html|title=福島第一原子力発電所の現状について【午後４時40分時点】|trans_title=Condition of Fukushima I (16:40)|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011|work=TEPCO|language=Japanese}}</ref> At 13:30 JST, workers detected radioactive caesium-137 and iodine-131 near reactor 1,<ref name="IAEAtsunami1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html|title=IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake|quote=As reported earlier, a 400 millisieverts (mSv) per hour radiation dose observed at Fukushima Daiichi occurred between 1s 3 and 4. This is a high dose-level value, but it is a local value at a single location and at a certain point in time. The IAEA continues to confirm the evolution and value of this dose rate. It should be noted that because of this detected value, non-indispensible staff was evacuated from the plant, in line with the Emergency Response Plan, and that the population around the plant is already evacuated.|accessdate=16 March 2011}}</ref> which indicated some of the core's fuel had been damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110312D12JF423.htm|title=Possible Meltdown at TEPCO Reactor|publisher=Nikkei.com|date=12 March 2011}}</ref> Cooling water levels had fallen so much that parts of the nuclear fuel rods were exposed and partial melting might have occurred.<ref>{{cite web|author=Yoshie Furuhashi |url=http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2011/nhk110311.html |title=NHK, "Fukushima 1: Fuel Rods Exposed" |publisher=Mrzine.monthlyreview.org |date=12 March 2011 |quote=As of 11:20, a part of the "fuel assembly" of fuel rods is now exposed above water. |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="mccurry13">{{Cite news|author=McCurry, Justin|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/13/japan-second-nuclear-reactor-threat-fukushima |title=Japan nuclear plant faces new threat|work=The Guardian |date=13 March 2011 |accessdate=13 March 2011 |location=London}}</ref> Radiation levels at the site boundary exceeded the regulatory limits.<ref name=TEPCO-boundary-radiation>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031224-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 4|publisher=Tepco|archiveurl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tepco.co.jp%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fcorp-com%2Frelease%2F11031224-e.html |archivedate=13 March 2011|publisher=TEPCO News website |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> On 14 March, radiation levels had continued to increase on the premises, measuring at 02:20 an intensity of 0.751 mSv/h on one location and at 02:40 an intensity of 0.650 mSv/h at another location on the premises.<ref name="kyodonews-radiation">{{Cite news|author=Kyodo|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77515.html |title=Radiation level again tops legal limit at Fukushima No. 1 nuke plant|agency=Kyodo News |date=14 March 2011 |accessdate=14 March 2011}}</ref> On 16 March, the maximum readings peaked at 10.850 mSv/h.<ref name=TEPCO-boundary-radiation-2>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031224-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 4|publisher=Tepco|publisher=TEPCO News website |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> ===Explosion=== At 15:36 JST on 12 March, there was an explosion in the reactor building at unit 1. The side walls of the upper level were blown away, leaving in place only the vertical steel framed gridworks. The roof collapsed covering the floor and some machinery on the south side. The walls were relatively intact compared to later explosions at units 3 and 4.<ref>{{cite web|title=福島第１原発で爆発と白煙　４人ケガ|url=http://www.news24.jp/articles/2011/03/12/06178055.html|publisher=Nippon Television Network Corporation|accessdate=12 March 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031234-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 34|publisher=Tepco|date=12 March 2011}}</ref> A video of the explosion shows that it was primarily directed sideways. The roof of the building was designed to provide ordinary weather protection for the areas inside, not to withstand the high pressure of an explosion or to act as containment for the reactor. In the Fukushima I reactors the primary containment consists of "drywell" and "wetwell" concrete structures below the top level, immediately surrounding the reactor pressure vessel. The top floor has water filled pools for storing fuel either ready to be craned into the reactor or used fuel which is left to cool before being transferred elsewhere.<ref name=WNN1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allthingsnuclear.org/post/3824043948/update-on-fukushima-reactor|publisher=allthingsnuclear.org|title=Drawing of the reactor and explanation of the containments|accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> Experts soon agreed the cause was a hydrogen explosion.<ref name=ReutersSeaWater/><ref name=reuters-20110312-10:37>{{Cite news |url=http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFLDE72B05X20110312|title=Hydrogen may have caused Japan atom blast-industry|author=Fredrik Dahl, Louise Ireland|agency=Reuters |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110312D12JFF03.htm |title=2011/03/13 01:04 – Meltdown caused nuke plant explosion: Safety body |publisher=E.nikkei.com |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> Almost certainly the hydrogen was formed inside the reactor vessel<ref name=ReutersSeaWater>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/japan-quake-reactor-idUSTKZ00680620110312|title=Japan to fill leaking nuke reactor with sea water|date=12 March 2011|agency=Reuters|author=Kihara, Leika}}</ref> because of falling water levels, and this hydrogen then leaked into the containment building.<ref name=ReutersSeaWater/> Exposed zircaloy clad fuel rods became very hot and reacted with steam, oxidising the alloy, and releasing hydrogen.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nuclear fuel behaviour in loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions|year=2009|publisher=Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD|isbn=978-92-64-99091-3|page=140|url=https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6846_LOCA.pdf}}</ref> Safety devices normally burn the venting hydrogen before it reaches explosive concentrations. These systems failed, possibly owing to the shortage of electrical power. Officials indicated reactor containment had remained intact and there had been no large leaks of radioactive material,<ref name=WNN1/><ref name=ReutersSeaWater/> although an increase in radiation levels was confirmed following the explosion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finchannel.com/news_flash/World/82983_Radiation_levels_increase_at_Fukushima_No.1_after_blast_reports/ |title=The Financial – Radiation levels increase at Fukushima No.1 after blast reports |publisher=Finchannel.com |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers, Chris |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-japan-quake-idUSTRE72A0SS20110312 |title=Radiation leaking from Japan's quake-hit nuclear |agency=Reuters |date=9 February 2009 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> The Fukushima prefectural government reported radiation dose rates at the plant reaching 1.015 mSv/h.<ref name="abc3162450">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/12/3162450.htm |title=Explosion at quake-hit nuclear plant |publisher=ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> The IAEA stated on 13 March that four workers had been injured by the explosion at the unit 1 reactor, and that three injuries were reported in other incidents at the site. They also reported one worker was exposed to higher-than-normal radiation levels but the level fell below their guidance for emergency situations.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html |title=IAEA update on Japan earthquake |work=iaea.org |date=0235 CET, 13 March 2011 |quote=At Fukushima Daichi, four workers were injured by the explosion at the unit 1 reactor, and there are three other reported injuries in other incidents. In addition, one worker was exposed to higher-than-normal radiation levels that fall below the IAEA guidance for emergency situations. |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> ===Seawater used for cooling=== At 20:05 JST on 12 March, the Japanese government ordered seawater to be injected into unit 1 in a new effort to cool the reactor core.<ref name=nisa313>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110313-3.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information(the 19th Release) |date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> The treatment had been held as a last resort since it ruins the reactor.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Video-Japan-Quake-And-Tsunami-Plea-For-US-Help-After-Third-Explosion-At-Nuclear-Plant/Article/201103215951706 SkyNewsHD]. Radiation Leaks After Third Japanese Blast</ref> TEPCO started seawater cooling at 20:20, adding boric acid as a neutron absorber to prevent a criticality accident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031231-e.html|title=Impact to TEPCO's Facilities due to Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake (as of 9 pm)|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011|work=TEPCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/11031229-j.html|title=東北地方太平洋沖地震における当社設備への影響について【午後９時現在】|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011|work=TEPCO|language=Japanese}}</ref> The water takes five to ten hours to fill the reactor core, after which the reactor would cool down in around ten days.<ref name=ReutersSeaWater/> The injection of seawater into the reactor pressure vessel was performed by means of mobile fire trucks of the fire department.<ref name=nisa29/><ref name=NISA38/><ref>{{Citation |title = Specials: Japan earthquake and nuclear crisis |url = http://www.nature.com/news/specials/japanquake/index.html |journal=Nature |accessdate=17 April 2011 }}</ref> At 01:10 on 14 March, injection of seawater was halted for two hours because all available water in the plant pools had run out (similarly, feed to unit 3 was halted).<ref name=nisa29/> NISA news reports stated 70% of the fuel rods had been damaged when uncovered.<ref name="latimes671"/> On 18 March, a new electrical distribution panel was installed in an office adjacent to unit 1 to supply power via unit 2 when it was reconnected to the transmission grid two days later.<ref name=NISA38/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/18_18.html |title=NHK World English |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> On 21 March, injection of seawater continued, as did repairs to the control instrumentation.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> On 23 March, it became possible to inject water into the reactor using the feed water system rather than the fire trucks, raising the flow rate from 2 to 18 m³/h (later reduced to 11m³/h),<ref name=TEPCO23-3:23>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11032303-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 11:00 pm Mar 22nd) |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=NISA46>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110323-4-1.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 46th Release) |date=23 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> and on 24 March, lighting was restored to the central operating room.<ref name=NISA61>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110330-1-1.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 61st Release) |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> As of 24 March, the spent fuel pool was "thought to be fully or partially exposed", according to CNN.<ref name="cnn-status-0324">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/24/japan.nuclear.status/ |title=Status report: Reactor-by-reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi plant |publisher=CNN |date=24 March 2011|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> Pressure in the reactor increased owing to the seawater injection, resulting in steam discharges, later alleviated by reducing the water flow. Temperature increases were also reportedly temporary. TEPCO attributed some of the steam to water in the spent fuel pool. It was estimated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forandagainst.com/Fear_Of_Fukushima_s_Reactors_Cooling_Systems_Clogging_Up_With_Salt |title=Fear Of Fukushima's Reactors Cooling Systems Clogging Up With Sal... – For & Against |publisher=Forandagainst.com |date=24 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> that as much as 26 tonnes of sea salt may have accumulated in reactor unit 1, and twice that amount in units 2 and 3. As salt clogs cooling pipes and erodes zirconium oxide layer of the fuel rods, it has became a top priority to switch into freshwater cooling. ===Reactor stabilization=== [[File:FukushimaWaterBarge2011.jpg|thumb|Because of saltwater corrosion problems and pipes clogging by salt, fresh cooling water is transported by barge to Fukushima.]] On 25 March, fresh water became available again to be added to the reactor instead of salt water,<ref name=TEPCO25-3:10>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11032515-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant status of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station (as of 10:30 pm Mar 25th) |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> while work continued to repair the unit's cooling systems.<ref name=iaea1714>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/press/?p=1714 |title=Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (25 March, 05:15 UTC): IAEA Alert Log: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident |publisher=Iaea.org |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> A volume of 1890 m³ (500,000 USgal) of fresh water was brought to the plant by a barge provided by US Navy.<ref name=USNavy25>{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59318|title=U.S. Navy to provide 500,000 gallons of fresh water to Fukushima power plant|date=25 March 2011|work=NAVY.mil}}</ref> On 29 March, the fire trucks which had been used to inject water into the reactor were replaced by electrically-driven pumps.<ref name=NISA61/> On 28 March, pumping began to remove water contaminated with radioactive ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³¹I from basement areas, storing it in the condenser system.<ref name=NISA61/> By 29 March, pumping was halted because condensate reservoirs were almost full and plans were being considered to transfer water to the suppression pool surge tanks.<ref name=TEPCO30-3:20>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11033015-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Status of TEPCO's Facilities and its services after the Tohoku-Taiheiyou-Oki Earthquake(as of 10:00 pm) |publisher=TEPCO |date=30 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> On 7 April, TEPCO began injecting nitrogen into the containment vessel, which was expected to reduce the likelihood of further hydrogen explosions,<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/07_01.html |title=Nitrogen gas injection begins at Fukushima plant but increase the reactor temperature.|publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=7 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://canteach.candu.org/library/20044507.pdf Dr. Johanna Daams, Nuclear reactor containment design], Chapter 2: Hydrogen, radionuclides and severe accidents module A: Hydrogen, 2A-4 </ref> The injection was expected to take 6 days. If the injection was successful, TEPCO expected to repeat the operation on the other units at Fukushima.<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110407x1.html |title=Tepco pumps nitrogen into reactor 1 |work=Japan Times |date=7 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Later on 7 April, but prior to a large aftershock, temperatures in the reactor core unexpectedly "surged in temperature to 260 °C," the cause was unknown, but the temperature dropped to 246 °C by 8 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110409a2.html |title=Latest jolt tests other nuclear plants, but no leaks |work=Japan Times |date=9 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> On 27 April, TEPCO revised its estimate of damaged fuel in unit 1 from 70% to 55%.<ref name=n1/> On 23 and 26 April, concerns that unit 1 fuel rods may be exposed to air caused TEPCO to consider filling the "containment vessel with water to cool the reactor" despite concerns for building integrity.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/26_31.html TEPCO to fill No.1 reactor with water], NHK, 26 April 2011</ref><ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/23_05.html Reactor 1 water level concerns], NHK, 23 April 2011</ref> However, efforts were slowed by unit 1 radiation measurements "as high as 1,120 mSv/hr."<ref name="bloomberg.com">[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-27/tokyo-water-radiation-falls-to-zero-for-first-time-since-crisis.html Radiation Readings in Fukushima Reactor Rise to Highest Since Crisis Began], Bloomberg, 27 April 2011</ref> On 13 May, TEPCO announced it would proceed with a plan to fill the containment vessel despite the possibility of holes caused by melting fuel elements existing in the pressure vessel.<ref name="bloomberg.com"/><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/12/us-japan-nuclear-reactor-idUSTRE74B1H520110512 Fukushima reactor has a hole, leading to leakage], Reuters, 12 May 2011</ref> TEPCO had expected to increase the amount of water pumped to unit 1 to compensate for any leakage from the holes,<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/13_03.html No.1 reactor is in a "meltdown" state], NHK, 13 May 2011</ref> but decided on 15 May to abandon the plan after finding the unit 1 basement was already half flooded.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13404548 Japan nuclear: Tepco halts Fukushima cooling plan], BBC, 15 May 2011</ref> ===Possibility of criticality=== Reports of 13 observations of neutron beams 1.5&nbsp;km "southwest of the plant's No. 1 and 2 reactors" from 13 March to 16 March raised the possibility that nuclear fission could have occurred after the initial SCRAMing of the reactors at Fukushima Daiichi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/80539.html |title=Neutron beam observed 13 times at crippled Fukushima nuke plant |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> 16 March reports that fuel rods in the spent fuel pool at unit 4 could have been exposed to air appeared to indicate that fission may have occurred in that fuel pool.<ref>{{cite news|author=Black, Richard |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12762608 |title=Surprise 'critical' warning raises nuclear fears |publisher=BBC News |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Later reports of exceptionally high iodine-134 levels appeared to confirm this theory because very high levels of iodine-134 would be indicative of fission reactions.<ref name="boston.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2011/03/28/elevated_radiation_levels_force_plant_evacuation/ |title=Elevated radiation levels force plant evacuation |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=12 April 2011 |first1=Hiroko |last1=Tabuchi |first2=Keith |last2=Bradsher |date=28 March 2011}}</ref> The same report also showed high measurements of chlorine-38,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110325-6.pdf |title=NISA News Release |format=PDF |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> which some nuclear experts used to calculate that fission must be occurring in unit 1.<ref>{{cite news|author=Harrell, Eben |url=http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2011/03/30/has-fukushimas-reactor-no-1-gone-critical/ |title=Has Fukushima's Reactor No. 1 Gone Critical? |work=Time |date=30 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/files/2011/03/Cause_of_the_high_Cl38_Radioactivity.pdf |title=What was the cause of the high Cl-38 radioactivity in the Fukushima Daiichi reactor #11 |format=PDF |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Despite TEPCO suggesting the iodine-134 report was inaccurate, the IAEA appeared to accept the chlorine-based analysis as a valid theory suggesting fission when it stated at a press conference that "melted fuel in the No. 1 reactor building may be causing isolated, uncontrolled nuclear chain reactions".<ref>{{cite web|author=Tirone, Jonathan |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-30/record-high-levels-of-radiation-found-in-sea-near-crippled-nuclear-reactor.html |title=Japan weighs entombing nuclear plant in bid to halt radiation |publisher=Bloomberg |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> However, TEPCO confirmed its concern about the accuracy of the high iodine and chlorine report by formally retracting the report on 21 April,<ref>{{cite web|author=Inajima, Tsuyoshi |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-21/tepco-retracts-chlorine-arsenic-findings-at-fukushima-station.html |title=Tepco Retracts Chlorine, Arsenic Findings at Fukushima Station |publisher=Bloomberg |date=20 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> which eliminated both the exceptionally high iodine-134 and chlorine-38 levels as proof of recriticality. TEPCO did not appear to comment on the recriticality concern when withdrawing its report,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11042008-e.html |title=Press Release (April 20, 2011) Improvement plan for the exact nuclide analysis at the site of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station under instruction of NISA |publisher=Tepco.co.jp |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/betu11_e/images/110420e11.pdf |title=TEPCO Report |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> but the IAEA has not withdrawn its comments, and some off-site experts find the currently-measured iodine-134 levels higher than expected.<ref>[http://www.glgroup.com/News/After-5-Halflives-I-131-Higher-than-Cs-134-137-Suggests-Ongoing-Criticalities-53599.html After 5 Halflives, I-131 Higher than Cs-134/137 Suggests Ongoing Criticalities - GLG News]. Glgroup.com (2011-04-19). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110327-1-5.pdf |title=The result of nuclide analysis in the stagnant water on the basement floor of the turbine building of each unit. |format=PDF |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> ===Meltdown confirmed=== On 12 May, TEPCO engineers confirmed that a meltdown occurred, with molten fuel having fallen to the bottom of the reactor's containment vessel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8509502/Nuclear-meltdown-at-Fukushima-plant.html |title=Nuclear meltdown at Fukushima plant |date=2011-05-12 |author=Julian Ryall |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}</ref> The utility said that fuel rods of the No. 1 reactor are fully exposed, with the water level 1 meter (3.3&nbsp;feet) below the base of the fuel assembly. According to a Japanese press report, there are holes in the base of the pressure vessel, and most of the fuel has probably melted. The nuclear fuel has possibly leaked into the containment vessel, which was damaged in an explosion during the crisis. This caused both the Japanese government and TEPCO to be criticized for consistently underestimating the severity of the situation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-12/japan-suffers-setback-at-fukushima-after-no-1-reactor-s-fuel-rods-exposed.html |title=Japan Reactor-Core Damage Worse Than Thought |date=2011-05-12 |author=Joe Carroll and Michio Nakayama |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> The operator found the basement flooded with 4.2 meters of water. Workers were unable to observe the flooding situation due to high levels of radiation from the water. TEPCO estimated the nuclear fuel was exposed to the air less than five hours after the earthquake struck. Fuel rods melted away rapidly as the temperature inside the core reached 2,800 degrees Celsius within six hours. In less than 16 hours, the reactor core melted and dropped to the bottom of the pressure vessel, burning a hole through the vessel. By that time, water was pumped into the reactor in an effort to prevent the worst-case scenario - overheating fuel melting its way through the containment and discharging large amounts of radionuclides in the environment.<ref name="WSJCoresDamaged"/> ==Reactor unit 2== [[File:Fukushima I NPP 1975 medium crop rotated labeled.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the plant area before the accidents, showing separation between units 5,6, and the majority of the complex]] Unit two was operating at the time of the earthquake and experienced the same controlled initial shutdown as the other units.<ref name=WNN1/> The diesel generators and other systems failed when the tsunami overran the plant. The reactor core isolation cooling (RCIC) system initially operated to cool the core, but by midnight the status of the reactor was unclear; some monitoring equipment was still operating on temporary power.<ref name="TEPCO12-3:00"/> The coolant level was stable and preparations were underway to reduce pressure in the reactor containment vessel should it become necessary, though TEPCO did not state in press releases what these preparations were, and the government had been advised that this might happen.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031234-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 11 pm March 12th) |publisher=TEPCO |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> The RCIC was reported by TEPCO to have shut down around 19:00 JST on 12 March, but reported to be operating again as of 09:00 JST 13 March.<ref name=TEPCO12-3:20>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031229-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 8 pm March 12th) |publisher=TEPCO |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> The pressure reduction of the reactor containment vessel commenced before midnight on 12 March<ref name=TEPCO13-3:00>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031307-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 0 pm March 13th) |publisher=TEPCO |date=13 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> although the IAEA reported that as of 13:15 JST 14 March, that according to information supplied to them, no venting had taken place at the plant.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> A report in ''The New York Times'' suggested that plant officials initially concentrated efforts on a damaged fuel storage pool at unit 2, diverting attention from problems arising at the other reactors, but that incident was not reported in official press releases.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Stricken Fuel-Cooling Pools, a Danger for the Longer Term|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/asia/15fuel.html |work=The New York Times|accessdate=14 March 2011|first1=William J.|last1=Broad|first2=Hiroko|last2=Tabuchi|date=14 March 2011}}</ref> The IAEA reported that on 14 March at 09:30, the RCIC was still operating and that power was being provided by a mobile generator.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> ===Cooling problems=== On 14 March, TEPCO reported the failure of the RCIC system.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031403-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 3|publisher=Tepco|date=14 March 2011}}</ref> Fuel rods had been fully exposed for 140 minutes and there was a risk of a core meltdown.<ref name=kyodonews59>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77959.html |title=Crisis continues at Fukushima nuclear plant as fuel rods exposed again &#124; Kyodo News |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Reactor water level indicators were reported to be showing minimum-possible values at 19:30 JST on 14 March.<ref name=NISA23>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110315-2.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 23rd Release) |date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> At 22:29 JST, workers had succeeded in refilling half the reactor with water but parts of the rods were still exposed, and technicians could not rule out the possibility that some had melted. It was hoped that holes blown in the walls of reactor building 2 by the earlier blast from unit 3 would allow the escape of hydrogen vented from the reactor and prevent a similar explosion.<ref name=kyodonews59/> At 21:37 JST, the measured dose rates at the gate of the plant reached a maximum of 3.13 mSv/h, which was enough to reach the annual limit for non-nuclear workers in twenty minutes,<ref name=kyodonews59/> but had fallen back to 0.326 mSv/h by 22:35.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-14/tepco-fears-fuel-rods-melt-fights-to-stabilize-stricken-reactor.html |title=Tepco Fears Fuel Rods Melt, Fights to Stabilize Stricken Reactor |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=14 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> It was believed that around 23:00 JST, the 4 m long fuel rods in the reactor were fully exposed for the second time.<ref name=kyodonews59/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/14/c_13778395.htm|title=Fuel rods fully exposed again at Fukushima nuclear power plant|date=14 March 2011|publisher=Xinhuanet}}</ref> At 00:30 JST on 15 March, NHK ran a live press conference with TEPCO stating that the water level had sunk under the rods once again and pressure in the vessel was raised. The utility said that the hydrogen explosion at unit 3 might have caused a glitch in the cooling system of unit 2: Four out of five water pumps being used to cool the unit 2 reactor had failed after the explosion at unit 3. In addition, the last pump had briefly stopped working when fuel ran out.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Vastag, Brian |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/2011/03/14/ABk6rQV_story.html |title=Nuclear crisis deepens as third reactor loses cooling capacity |work=The Washington Post |date=28 February 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Maugh II, Thomas H. |title=Risk of meltdown increases at Japan nuclear reactor |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=14 March 2011 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci--japan-quake-reactor-20110314,0,6787043.story |accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> To replenish the water, the contained pressure would have to be lowered first by opening a valve of the vessel. The unit's air flow gauge was accidentally turned off and, with the gauge turned off, flow of water into the reactor was blocked leading to full exposure of the rods. As of 04:11 JST on 15 March, water was being pumped into the reactor of unit 2 again.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFTKG00709020110314|date=14 March 2011|agency=Reuters |title=Tokyo Elec resumes work to pump water into No.2 reactor-Kyodo}}</ref> ===Explosion=== An explosion was heard after 06:14 JST<ref name=autogenerated8>{{Cite news|author=Hiroko Tabuchi, Keith Bradsher, Matt Wald|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/asia/15nuclear.html|title=Japan Faces Prospect of Nuclear Catastrophe as Workers Leave Plant|work=The New York Times |date=14 March 2011}}</ref> on 15 March in unit 2, possibly damaging the pressure-suppression system, which is at the bottom part of the containment vessel.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77992.html |title=Urgent: Blast heard at Fukushima's No.2 reactor: gov't ; Kyodo News |work=english.kyodonews.jp |year=2011 |quote=The sound of a blast was heard Tuesday morning at the troubled No. 2 reactor of the quake-hit Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, the government said. The incident occurred at 6:10 am and is feared to have damaged the reactor's pressure-suppression system, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency said, citing a report from the plant's operator Tokyo Electric Power Co.|accessdate=14 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.canadianbusiness.com/markets/market_news/article.jsp?content=D9LVA0NG0 |title=Japanese nuclear safety agency says explosion heard at Unit 2 of Fukushima Dai-ichi plant Canadian Business Online |work=canadianbusiness.com |year=2011 |accessdate=14 March 2011}}</ref> The radiation level was reported to exceed the legal limit and the plant's operator started to evacuate all non-essential workers from the plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/78001.html|title=Blast heard at Fukushima's No.2 reactor: gov't|quote=Shortly after the 6:10 am incident, the radiation level exceeded the legal limit and reached 965.5 microsievert per hour (about 1 millisievert per hour), and it was feared that the reactor's pressure-suppression system was damaged, according to the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency. Tokyo Electric Power Co., the plant's operator, said it was evacuating workers from the plant, except for those necessary for the work to cool the reactor.|accessdate=14 March 2011}}</ref> Only a minimum crew of 50 men, also referred to as the Fukushima 50, was left at the site.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/asia/15nuclear.html|work=The New York Times|first1=Hiroko|last1=Tabuchi|first2=David E.|last2=Sanger|first3=Keith|last3=Bradsher|title=Japan Faces Potential Nuclear Disaster as Radiation Levels Rise|date=14 March 2011}}</ref> Soon after, radiation equivalent dose rates had risen to 8.2 mSv/h<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/78008.html |title=URGENT: Radiation shoots up at Fukushima nuke plant after blast heard &#124; Kyodo News |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> around two hours after the explosion and again down to 2.4 mSv/h, shortly after.<ref name=nhk>NHK, 15 March 2011.</ref> Three hours after the explosion, the rates had risen to 11.9 mSv/h.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/16269 |title=Japanese Government Warns that New Radiation Leak is Harmful to Health &#124; Cleveland Leader |work=clevelandleader.com |year=2011|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> While admitting that the suppression pool at the bottom of the containment vessel had been damaged in the explosion, causing a drop of pressure there, Japanese nuclear authorities emphasized that the containment had not been breached as a result of the explosion and contained no obvious holes.<ref>15 March 2011, [http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1116532/1/.html Plant operator says reactor seal apparently not holed], Channel News Asia. AFP.</ref> In a news conference on 15 March the director general of the IAEA, Yukiya Amano, said that there was a "possibility of core damage" at unit 2 of less than 5%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/us-japan-nuclear-amano-idUSTRE72E66Z20110315 |title=UN atom chief sees possible Japan plant core damage |agency=Reuters |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> The Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) stated 33% of the fuel rods were damaged, in news reports the morning of 16 March.<ref name="latimes671">{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-japan-quake-reactor-fire-20110316,0,7859671.story |title=Japan earthquake: Fire erupts again at Fukushima Daiichi reactor; nuclears rods damaged at other reactors |work=Los Angeles Times |date=27 February 2011 |accessdate=18 March 2011 |first1=Kenji |last1=Hall |first2=Carol J. |last2=Williams}}</ref> On 30 March, NISA reiterated concerns about a possible unit 2 breach at either the suppression pool, or the reactor vessel.<ref name="ReferenceA">[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_25.html NHK WORLD English]. .nhk.or.jp (2011-03-30). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> NHK World reported the NISA's concerns as "air may be leaking," very probably through "weakened valves, pipes and openings under the reactors where the control rods are inserted", but that "there is no indication of large cracks or holes in the reactor vessels."<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ===Continuing radiation=== By midday on 19 March grid power had been connected to the existing transformer at unit 2 and work continued to connect the transformer to the new distribution panel installed in a nearby building.<ref name=TEPCO319-4>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031905-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 0:00 pm Mar 19th) |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Outside electricity became available at 15:46 JST on 20 March, but equipment still had to be repaired and reconnected.<ref name=NISA38>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110321-3.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 38th Release) |date=21 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 20 March, 40 tons of seawater were added to the spent fuel pool.<ref name=NISA38/> The temperature in the spent fuel pool was 53 °C as of 22 March 11:00 JST.<ref name="NISANHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)42">{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110322-3.html |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 42nd Release)(As of 12:30 March 22nd, 2011) |publisher=Nisa.meti.go.jp |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> The Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) reported "high radiation readings" in the area.<ref name="cnn-status-0324"/> Unit 2 was considered the most likely unit to have a damaged reactor containment vessel, as of 24 March.<ref name="cnn-status-0324"/> On 27 March, TEPCO reported measurements of very high radiation levels, over 1000 mSv/h, in the basement of the unit 2 turbine building, which officials reported was 10 million times higher than what would be found in the water of a normally functioning reactor. Hours into the media frenzy, the company retracted its report and stated that the figures were not credible.<ref name="guardian1">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/27/japan-nuclear-error-radiation-reading Japanese nuclear firm admits error on radiation reading] ''The Guardian'', 27 March 2011.</ref> "because the level was so high the worker taking the reading had to evacuate before confirming it with a second reading."<ref name='BBC TEPCO "mistake"'>{{Cite news|author=Worthington, Mark|title=Japan nuclear crisis: Radiation spike report 'mistaken'|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12875327|publisher=BBC |accessdate=27 March 2011|date=27 March 2011}}</ref> Shortly following the ensuing wave of media retractions that discredited the report worldwide, TEPCO clarified its initial retraction; the radiation from the pool surface in the basement of the unit 2 turbine building was found to be "more than 1,000 millisieverts per hour," as originally reported, but the concentration of radioactive substances was 100,000 times higher than usual, not 10 million.<ref name="Kyodo 100,000k higher">{{cite news|title=Woes deepen over radioactive water at nuke plant, sea contamination|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/81375.html|agency=Kyodo News Network|accessdate=27 March 2011|date=28 March 2011}}</ref> On 28 March, the Nuclear Safety Commission announced its suspicion that radioactive materials had leaked from unit 2 into water in trenches connecting unit 2's buildings, leading TEPCO to reduce the amount of water pumped into the reactor because of fears that the water could leak into the sea.<ref name=HNK28>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/28_h28.html|title=Radiation hampers cooling efforts|date=28 March 2011|work=NHK}}</ref><ref name="a10"/> The reduction in water pumping could have raised reactor temperatures.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|author=Morse, Andrew |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704471904576229854179642220.html |title=At Japanese nuclear plant, a choice between bad, worse |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=3 February 2011 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 27 March, the IAEA reported temperatures at the bottom of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) at unit 2 fell to 97 °C from 100 °C on Saturday. Operators attempted to pump water from the turbine hall basement to the condenser.<ref name="a11">"Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (27 March, 03:00 UTC)". International Atomic Energy Agency. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.</ref><ref name="a2007">{{Cite news|title=Official: Workers touched water with radiation 10,000 times normal|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/24/japan.nuclear.workers/index.html|publisher=CNN Wire|accessdate=27 March 2011|author=Staff|date=24 March 2007}}</ref> However, "both condensers turned out to be full."<ref name="a4">[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_26.html TEPCO halts work to remove radioactive water], NHK WORLD English (2011-03-30). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> Therefore, condenser water was first attempted to be pumped to storage tanks, freeing condenser storage for water currently in the basement of unit 2.<ref name="a4"/> The pumps now being used can move 10 to 25 tons of water per hour.<ref name="a4"/> On 19 April 2011, TEPCO began transferring excess, radioactive cooling water from the reactor's basement and maintenance tunnels to a waste processing facility.<ref>''NHK'', "Transfer of highly contaminated water begins", 19 April 2011.</ref> On 29 March, Richard Lahey, former head of safety research for boiling-water reactors at General Electric, speculated that the reactor core could have possibly melted through the reactor containment vessel onto a concrete floor, raising concerns of a major release of radioactive material.<ref name="Reactor core melted">{{Cite news|title=Japan may have lost race to save nuclear reactor|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/29/japan-lost-race-save-nuclear-reactor|work=The Guardian |accessdate=30 March 2011|date=29 March 2011|author=Sample, Ian|location=London}}</ref> On 27 April, TEPCO revised its estimate of damaged fuel in unit 2 from 30% to 35%.<ref name=n1>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/27_28.html TEPCO revises nuclear fuel damage ratios], NHK, 27 April 2011</ref> ===Pressure vessel damage=== On May 15, TEPCO revealed that the pressure vessel that holds nuclear fuel "is likely to be damaged and leaking water at units Nos. 2 and 3", which means most of the thousands of tons of water pumped into the reactors was leaked.<ref name=WSJCoresDamaged>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703509104576325110776621604.html |title=Cores Damaged at Three Reactors |date=2011-05-16 |author=Mitsuru Obe |publisher=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> ==Reactor unit 3== [[File:Fukushima I by Digital Globe crop.jpg|thumb|Reactor unit 3 (right) and unit 4 (left) on 16 March.]] Unlike the other five reactor units, reactor 3 runs on mixed uranium and plutonium oxide, or MOX fuel, making it potentially more dangerous in an incident owing to the neutronic effects of plutonium on the reactor, the long persistence of plutonium toxicity, and the plutonium carcinogenic effects in the event of release to the environment.<ref name="mccurry13"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/70430/warning-of-another-possible-explosion-at-nuclear-plant |title=Warning of another possible explosion at nuclear plant |work=radionz.co.nz |year=2011 [last update] |quote=pluton |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2011/japan_floods_reactor |title=Japan floods overheating reactor with sea water while 140,000 evacuate area as more coolant breakdowns spread – Bellona |author=Digges, Charles |work=bellona.org |year=2011 [last update] |quote=mixed uranium and plutonium oxide, or MOX fuel, since September. |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> Units 3 and 4 have a shared control room.<ref name="nisa26"/> ===Cooling problems=== Early on 13 March an official of the Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) told at a news conference that the emergency cooling system of unit 3 had failed, spurring an urgent search for a means to supply cooling water to the reactor vessel in order to prevent a meltdown of its reactor core.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-japan-quake-nuclear-cooling-idUSTRE72B3GI20110312 |title=Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant faces new reactor problem |agency=Reuters |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> At 05:38 there was no means of adding coolant to the reactor, owing to loss of power. Work to restore power and to vent excessive pressure continued.<ref name=nisa4>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110313-4.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information(the 20th Release) |date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> At one point, the top three meters of mixed oxide (MOX) fuel rods were not covered by coolant.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1116177/1/.html |title=Meltdowns may have occurred in two Japan reactors – Channel NewsAsia |work=channelnewsasia.com |year=2011 |accessdate=13 March 2011|agency = AFP}}</ref><!-- (It is noted that the reference article states that the top three meters of MOX fuel rods were exposed to AIR. This is not possible without having a major breach of the reactor vessel. The correct statement should have been that the top three meters of the rods were exposed to steam – not air. In either case the important thing is that a portion of the rods were ''not'' covered with water which has a much greater convective capacity to remove heat from the rod.)--> At 07:30 JST, TEPCO prepared to release radioactive steam, indicating that "the amount of radiation to be released would be small and not of a level that would affect human health"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-japan-quake-tepco-radiation-idUSTRE72B3PJ20110312|agency=Reuters |title=Japan's TEPCO preparing to release radiation from second reactor|date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=12 March 2011|author=Takenaka, Kiyoshi}}</ref> and manual venting took place at 08:41 and 09:20.<ref name=WNN2>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Venting_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_3_1303111.html|title=Efforts to manage Fukushima Daiichi 3, update 2|publisher=World Nuclear News|date=13 March 2011|accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> At 09:25 JST on 13 March, operators began injecting water containing boric acid into the primary containment vessel (PCV) via the pump of a fire truck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031308-e.html|title=TEPCO press release 8|publisher=Tepco|date=13 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=nisa22>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110314-1.pdf |title=Seismic damage information (the 22nd release) |date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> When water levels continued to fall and pressure to rise, the injected water was switched to seawater at 13:12.<ref name=nisa4/> By 15:00 it was noted that despite adding water the level in the reactor did not rise and radiation had increased.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031310-e.html|publisher=Tepco|date=13 March 2011|title=press release 10}}</ref> A rise was eventually recorded but the level stuck at 2 m below the top of reactor core. Other readings suggested that this could not be the case and the gauge was malfunctioning.<ref name=WNN2/> Injection of seawater into the primary containment vessel (PCV) was discontinued at 01:10 on 14 March because all the water in the reserve pool had been used up. Supplies were restored by 03:20 and injection of water resumed.<ref name=nisa22/> On the morning of 15 March, Secretary Edano announced that according to TEPCO, at one location near reactor units 3 and 4, radiation at an equivalent dose rate of 400 mSv/h was detected.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1 /><ref name="400_mSv">{{cite news |url=http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=soc_30&k=2011031500479 |title=放射線、福島原発で４００ミリシーベルト＝「人体に影響及ぼす可能性」－官房長官 |language=Japanese |work=jiji.com |newspaper=jiji press |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="400_mSv_CNN">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/14/japan.nuclear.reactors/index.html?hpt=T1 |title=Radiation levels spike at Japanese nuclear plant |publisher=CNN |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> This might have been due to debris from the explosion in unit 4.<ref name=kyodonews352/> ===Explosion=== At 12:33 JST on 13 March, the chief spokesman of the Japanese government, Yukio Edano said hydrogen gas was building up inside the outer building of unit 3 just as had occurred in unit 1, threatening the same kind of explosion.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7feb0aaa-4d3d-11e0-85e4-00144feab49a.html |title=Japan battles to stop nuclear catastrophe |work=Financial Times |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> At 11:15 JST on 14 March, the envisaged explosion of the building surrounding reactor 3 of Fukushima 1 occurred, owing to the ignition of built up hydrogen gas.<ref>{{cite news|title=Urgent: Hydrogen blast occurs at Fukushima nuke plant's No. 3 reactor: agency|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77583.html|agency=Kyodo News Agency|accessdate=14 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="msnbc180000flee">{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42056237/ns/world_news-asiapacific/|title=180,000 flee as Japan's nuclear crisis intensifies|accessdate=13 March 2011 |publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of Japan (NISA) reported, as with unit 1, the top section of the reactor building was blown apart, but the inner containment vessel was not breached. The explosion was larger than that in unit 1 and felt 40 kilometers away. Pressure readings within the reactor remained steady at around 380 kPa at 11:13 and 360 kPa at 11:55 compared to nominal levels of 400 kPa and a maximum recorded of 840 kPa. Water injection continued. Dose rates of 0.05 mSv/h were recorded in the service hall and of 0.02 mSv/h at the plant entrance.<ref name= nucnews111>{{cite web |url= http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Explosion_rocks_third_Fukushima_reactor_1402111.html |title=Second explosion rocks Fukushima Daiichi |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> It was reported that day that eleven people were injured in the blast.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110314-3.pdf |date=14 March 2011 |title=An explosion caused by hydrogen at unit 3 of Fukushima Dai ichi NPS (3rd release)|publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency}}</ref> The Telegraph reported that six soldiers from the Japanese Central Nuclear Biological Chemical Weapon Defence Unit had been killed in the explosion.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8408863/Japan-tsunami-Fukushima-Fifty-the-first-interview.html |date=27 March 2011 |title=Japan tsunami: Fukushima Fifty, the first interview|publisher=The Telegraph (UK newspaper) |location=London |first1=Andrew |last1=Gilligan |first2=Robert |last2=Mendick}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=May 2011}}, but only injuries were reported in Japan. TEPCO and NISA announced that four TEPCO employees, three subcontractor employees, and four Self-Defence-Force soldiers were injured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110315-1.pdf|title=News Release|publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency|date=March 14, 2011|accessdate=March 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.jp/articles/2011/03/14/06178266.html#|title=福島第一３号機爆発 自衛隊員ら１１人ケガ|publisher=NNN News 24|date=March 14, 2011|accessdate=May 22, 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref> American nuclear engineer Arnold Gundersen, noting the much greater power and vertical debris ejection compared to the unit 1 hydrogen blast, has theorized that the unit 3 explosion involved a prompt criticality in the spent fuel pool material, triggered by the mechanical disruption of an initial, smaller hydrogen gas explosion in the building.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://fairewinds.com/content/gundersen-postulates-unit-3-explosion-may-have-been-prompt-criticality-fuel-pool? |date=26 April 2011 |title=Gundersen postulates Unit 3 explosion may have been prompt criticality in fuel pool |publisher=Fairewinds Associates |accessdate=27 April 2011}}</ref> ===Spent fuel pool=== Around 10:00 JST on 16 March, NHK helicopters flying 30&nbsp;km away videotaped white fumes rising from the Fukushima I facility. Officials suggested that the reactor 3 building was the most likely source, and said that its containment systems may have been breached.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/16/world/asia/16nuclear.htm "Japan says 2nd reactor may have ruptured with radioactive release"], ''The New York Times'' 16 March 2010</ref> The control room for reactors 3 and 4 was evacuated at 10:45 JST but staff were cleared to return and resume water injection into the reactor at 11:30 JST.<ref name=nisa26>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110317-1.pdf |title=Seismic damage information (the 26th release) |date=16 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> At 16:12 JST, Self Defence Force (SDF) Chinook helicopters were preparing to pour water on unit 3, where white fumes rising from the building was believed to be water boiling away from the fuel rod cooling pond on the top floor of the reactor building, and on unit 4 where the cooling pool was also short of water. The mission was cancelled when helicopter measurements reported radiation levels of 50 mSv.<ref>{{Cite news|author=9:51 am GMT 16 March 2011 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8385094/Helicopters-attempt-to-cool-Fukushima-nuclear-plant-from-the-air.html |title=Video: Helicopters attempt to cool Fukushima nuclear plant from the air |publisher=Telegraph |date=16 March 2011|accessdate=18 March 2011 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_41.html |title=NHK WORLD English |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> At 21:06 pm JST, the government reported that major damage to reactor 3 was unlikely but that it nonetheless remained their highest priority.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFTFD00670520110316 |title=Major damage unlikely at Japan nuke plant's No.3 reactor – Kyodo &#124; Energy & Oil &#124; Reuters |publisher=Af.reuters.com |date=9 February 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> Early on 17 March, TEPCO requested another attempt by the military to put water on the reactor using a helicopter<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFLJE7ED00R20110316 |title=Tokyo Elec: want military chopper to try again to douse reactor &#124; Energy & Oil &#124; Reuters |publisher=Af.reuters.com |date=9 February 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> and four helicopter drops of seawater took place around 10:00 JST.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/17/idUSLKE7DB02820110317 Helicopter starts spraying water on Japan nuclear plant] ''Reuters'' 17 March 2011</ref> The riot police used a water cannon to spray water onto the top of the reactor building and then were replaced by members of the SDF with spray vehicles. On 18 March a crew of firemen took over the task with six fire engines each spraying 6 tons of water in 40 minutes. 30 further hyper rescue vehicles were involved in spraying operations.<ref name=nisa30>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110318-3.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 30th Release) |date=18 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> Spraying continued each day to 23 March because of concerns the explosion in unit 3 may have damaged the pool (total 3,742 tonnes of water sprayed up to 22 March) with changing crews to minimise radiation exposure.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> Lighting in the control room was restored on 22 March after a connection was made to a new grid power supply and by 24 March it was possible to add 35 tonnes of seawater to the spent fuel pool using the cooling and purification system.<ref name= NISA46/> Grey smoke was reported to be rising from the southeast corner of unit 3 on 21 March. The spent fuel pool is located at this part of the building. Workers were evacuated from the area. TEPCO claimed no significant change in radiation levels and the smoke subsided later the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/21_30.html |title=Grey smoke from No.3 reactor subsided|accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> On 23 March, black smoke billowed from unit 3, prompting another evacuation of workers from the plant, though Tokyo Electric Power Co. officials said there had been no corresponding spike in radiation at the plant. "We don't know the reason for the smoke", Hidehiko Nishiyama of the Nuclear Safety Agency said.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/world/118421284.html |title=Tokyo tap water tests higher for radiation; smoke prompts new evacuation of leaking nuke plant |publisher=StarTribune.com |date=23 March 2011 |accessdate=29 March 2011}}</ref> On 27 April, TEPCO revised its estimate of damaged fuel in unit 3 from 25% to 30%.<ref name=n1/> Radiation measurements of the water in the unit 3 spent fuel pool were reported at 140 kBq of radioactive cesium-134 per cubic centimeter, 150 kBq of cesium-137 per cubic centimeter, and 11 kBq per cubic centimeter of iodine-131 on 10 May.<ref name=n4>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/10_30.html Radiation high at No.3 reactor pool], NHK, 10 May 2011</ref> ===Possibility of criticality in the spent fuel pool=== TEPCO claimed that there was a small but non-zero probability that the exposed fuel assemblies could reach criticality.<ref name=bbc608>{{Cite news |author=Black, Richard |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12762608 |title=Surprise 'critical' warning raises nuclear fears |publisher=BBC |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Fukushima nuclear plant evacuated after radiation spikes |work=The Guardian |date=16 March 2011 |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/16/fukushima-workers-evacuate-radiation-spikes |quote=The No 4 reactor is an increasing cause for concern. Tepco believes that the storage pool may be boiling, raising the possibility that exposed rods will reach criticality. "The possibility of re-criticality is not zero," a TEPCO spokesman said. |author=McCurry, Justin |location=London}}</ref> The BBC commented that criticality would never mean a nuclear explosion, but could cause a sustained release of radioactive materials.<ref name=bbc608/> Criticality is usually considered highly unlikely, owing to the low ''enrichment level'' used in light water reactors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurosafe-forum.org/userfiles/2_03_Eurosafe2010%206_Kilger%20(GRS).pdf |title=Criticality Safety in the Waste Management of Spent Fuel from NPPs, Robert Kilger |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1068367 |title=Nondestructive assay of nuclear low-enriched uranium spent fuels for burnup credit application |publisher=Cat.inist.fr |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radioactive_Waste_Management/Spent_Nuclear_Fuel |title=Radioactive Waste Management/Spent Nuclear Fuel |publisher=En.wikibooks.org |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> There was, however, speculation on Russia Today by low-dose radiation researcher and anti-nuclear activist Christopher Busby that the explosion that destroyed the reactor 3 building was a "nuclear explosion" of some kind in the spent fuel pool.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Busby: 'Can't seal Fukushima like Chernobyl - it all goes into sea' |date=25 April 2011 |publisher=Russia Today |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-3Kf4JakWI}} ([http://rt.com/news/no-end-fukushima-tragedy/ “I don’t think the end of Fukushima accident is in sight”])</ref> Similarly, as noted above, Arnie Gundersen surmised a prompt criticality for the 13 Mar 2011 explosion at the spent fuel pool located on top of the reactor 3 building. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fairewinds.com/content/gundersen-postulates-unit-3-explosion-may-have-been-prompt-criticality-fuel-pool|title=gundersen-postulates-unit-3-explosion-may-have-been-prompt-criticality-fuel-pool |publisher=Fairewinds |accessdate=26 April 2011}}</ref> On 11 May, TEPCO released underwater robotic video from the spent fuel pool. The video appears to show large amounts of debris contaminating the pool. Based on water samples, unnamed experts and TEPCO opined that the fuel rods were left "largely undamaged".<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8506488/Underwater-robot-captures-Fukushima-wreckage.html Underwater robot captures Fukushima wreckage], The Telegraph, 11 May 2011</ref><ref name=n4/> ===Nuclear core damaged=== On 25 March, officials announced the reactor vessel might be breached and leaking radioactive material. High radiation levels from contaminated water prevented work.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/25/japan.nuclear.reactors/ |title=Japan reactor core may be leaking radioactive material, official says |publisher=CNN |date=25 March 2011|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) reiterated concerns about a unit 3 breach on 30 March.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> NHK World reported the NISA's concerns as "air may be leaking," very probably through "weakened valves, pipes and openings under the reactors where the control rods are inserted," but that "there is no indication of large cracks or holes in the reactor vessels."<ref name="ReferenceA"/> As with the other reactors, water was transferred from condenser reservoirs to the suppression pool surge tanks so that condensers could be used to hold radioactive water pumped from the basement.<ref name=TEPCO30-3:20/> On May 15, TEPCO revealed that the pressure vessel that holds nuclear fuel "is likely to be damaged and leaking water at units Nos. 2 and 3", which means most of the thousands of tons of water pumped into the reactors was leaked.<ref name=WSJCoresDamaged/> ==Reactor unit 4== [[File:Fukushima 1 view into reactor fuel pool.jpg|thumb| View into a fuel pool. The reflection of the loading crane from the water surface can also be seen.]] At the time of the earthquake unit 4 had been shut down for shroud replacement and refueling since 29 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110406-1-1.pdf |title=NISA Seismic status report, pg 35. |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/nuclearenergy/english/maintenance/replace/shroud00.htm |title=Core Shroud Replacement Introduction |publisher=Toshiba.co.jp |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> All 548 fuel rods had been transferred in December 2010 from the reactor to the spent fuel pool on an upper floor of the reactor building<ref name="spent_fuel_unit4_IAEA">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html|title=IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake|quote=Unit 4 was shut down for a routine, planned maintenance outage on 30 November 2010. After the outage, all 548 fuel rods from the reactor was transferred to the spent fuel pool.|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> where they were held in racks containing boron to damp down any nuclear reaction.<ref name=kyodonews352/> The pool is used to store rods for some time after removal from the reactor and now contains 1,479 rods.<ref name=nytimes-reactor-status/> Recently active fuel rods produce more decay heat than older ones.<ref>{{cite web|author=Wright, David|publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists|title=Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima|url=http://allthingsnuclear.org/post/3892719255/spent-fuel-pools-at-fukushima|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> At 04:00 JST on Monday 14 March, water in the pool had reached a temperature of 84 °C compared to a normal value of 40–50 °C.<ref name=kyodonews352/> The IAEA was advised that the temperature value remained 84 °C at 19:00 JST on 15 March, but as of 18 March, no further information was reported.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/><ref name=nisa29>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110318-2.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 29th Release) |date=18 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 11 April, a fire broke out at unit 4. ===Explosion=== At approximately 06:00 JST on 15 March, an explosion damaged the 4th floor rooftop area of the unit 4 reactor as well as part of the adjacent unit 3.<ref name=WNN17>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Attempts_to_refill_fuel_ponds_1703111.html |title=Attempts to refill fuel ponds, update 4 |date=17 March 2011 |publisher=World Nuclear News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031504-e.html |title=Press Release: Damage to the unit 4 Nuclear Reactor Building at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> The explosion is thought to be caused by the ignition of hydrogen that had accumulated near the spent fuel pond, the hydrogen was initially thought to have come from the stored fuel rods, but later, TEPCO believed the hydrogen came from unit 3.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_02.html TEPCO: No.4 blast due to hydrogen from No.3], NHK, 16 May 2011</ref> Later reports from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission speculated that fuel could have been ejected from the unit 4 spent fuel pond during this explosion.<ref>{{cite news|author=Maugh, Thomas H. |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-fg-japan-reactor-damage-20110406,0,6240900.story |title=Engineers try to lower danger level at crippled Japanese nuclear plant |work=Los Angeles Times |date=6 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Later on the morning of 15 March, at 09:40, the unit 4 spent fuel pool caught fire, likely releasing radioactive contamination from the fuel stored there.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html |title=IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake |publisher=IAEA |date=14 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-nuclear-iaea-idUSLDE72E04G20110315 |title=Japan spent fuel pond on fire,radioactivity out-IAEA |agency=Reuters |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> TEPCO said workers extinguished the fire by 12:00.<ref name="IAEA Update">{{Cite news |title=IAEA Update |url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html |date=15 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="WNN3-15">{{Cite news |title=World Nuclear News Update |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Possible_damage_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_2_1503111.html |date=15 March 2011}}</ref> As radiation levels rose, some of the employees still at the plant were evacuated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2011 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/03/14/japan-nuclear-031411.html |title=Radiation levels could damage health |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> On the morning of 15 March, Secretary Edano announced that according to the TEPCO, radiation dose equivalent rates measured from the unit 4 reached 100 mSv/h.<ref name=400_mSv /><ref name=400_mSv_CNN /> Edano said there was no continued release of "high radiation".<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/asiapacific/news/article_1626124.php/Government-spokesman-No-continued-radiation-from-reactor-4 |title=Government spokesman: No continued radiation from reactor 4 |publisher=Monstersandcritics.com |date=17 November 2010 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> Japan's nuclear safety agency NISA reported two holes, each 8 meters square, or 64 m² (690 sq ft), in a wall of the outer building of unit 4 after the explosion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-nuclear-holes-idUSTFD00668920110315 |title=Japan agency: holes found in nuclear reactor building wall |agency=Reuters |date=15 March 2011}}</ref> At 17:48 it was reported that water in the spent fuel pool might be boiling.<ref name=autogenerated6>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |publisher=BBC News |title= LIVE: Japan earthquake |date=15 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-quake-fuel-boiling-idUSTFD00668620110315 |title=Fukushima No. 4 reactor spent fuel pool may be boiling -Kyodo |agency=Reuters |date=15 March 2011}}</ref> By 21:13 on 15 March, radiation inside the unit 4 control room prevented workers from staying there permanently.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-quake-controlroom-idUSTFD00669220110315 |title=Radiation hits dangerous levels at Japan plant control room |agency=Reuters |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011 |author=Fujioka, Chisa}}</ref> Seventy staff remained at the plant, while 800 had been evacuated.<ref name=ajc556/> By 22:30, TEPCO was reportedly unable to pour water into the spent fuel pool.<ref name=kyodonews352>{{cite news |url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/78352.html |title=Radiation leak feared at spent fuel pool, water injection ordered |agency=Kyodo News |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> By 22:50, the company was considering using helicopters to drop water,<ref name=ajc556>{{cite web|author=Yuasa, Shino |url=http://www.ajc.com/business/radiation-level-soars-after-872556.html |title=Japan to spray water, acid on stricken nuke plant |publisher=ajc.com |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/03/15/japanese-nuclear-panic-rises-agency-says-radiation-leaking-atmosphere/ |title=Nuclear Officials May Spray Japanese Power Plant With Water by Helicopter |publisher=Fox News |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> but this was postponed because of concerns over safety and effectiveness, and the use of high-pressure fire hoses was considered instead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/134552475/new-fire-hits-japanese-nuclear-plant |title=Workers Evacuated From Japanese Nuclear Reactor |publisher=North Country Public Radio |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> A fire was discovered at 05:45 JST on 16 March in the northwest corner of the reactor building by a worker taking batteries to the central control room of unit 4.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031606-e.html |title=Press Release: Fire occurrence at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 4 (2nd Release) |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/78378.html |title=Fire breaks out again at Fukushima's No. 4 reactor |agency=Kyodo News |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> This was reported to the authorities, but on further inspection at 06:15 no fire was found. Other reports stated that the fire was under control.<ref>{{cite news |author=Hiyama, Hiroshi |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i4cUl0XJSjemkJNeBIc9AFWrUDdg?docId=CNG.6e08417f70f28fda6826317bef892420.d21 |title= Blasts, new fire escalate Japan's nuclear crisis |publisher=Google News|agency = AFP |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> At 11:57, TEPCO released a photograph showing "a large portion of the building's outer wall has collapsed."<ref name=n2>{{cite web |url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_25.html |title=TEPCO releases photo of No.4 reactor |publisher=NHK |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> Technicians considered spraying boric acid on the building from a helicopter.<ref name="reuters1">{{Cite news |url=http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFLKE7DB01S20110315 |title=Tokyo Electric may disperse boric acid over plant by helicopter |agency=Reuters |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/east-pacific/Crisis-Continues-at-Crippled-Japanese-Nuclear-Power-Plants-118066494.html |title=Crisis Continues at Crippled Japanese Nuclear Power Plants |publisher=VOA |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> ===Spent Fuel Pool=== On 16 March, the chairman of United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Gregory Jaczko, said in Congressional testimony that the NRC believed all of the water in the spent fuel pool had boiled dry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://montreal.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110316/nuclear-fuel-rods-110316/20110316/ |title=No water in spent fuel pool at Japanese plant: U.S. |publisher=CTV News |date=16 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2011/03/17/2011-03-17_talk_of_doomsday_in_japan.html |title=Japan nuclear crisis: Meltdown at Fukushima Daiichi plant may now be inevitability |work=New York Daily News |date=17 March 2011}}</ref> Japanese nuclear authorities and TEPCO contradicted this report, but later in the day Jaczko stood by his claim saying it had been confirmed by sources in Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/world/asia/17nuclear.html |title=U.S. Calls Radiation 'Extremely High,' Sees Japan Nuclear Crisis Worsening |work=The New York Times |date=17 March 2011 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |first2=Matthew L. |last2=Wald |first3=Hiroko |last3=Tabuchi}}</ref> At 13:00 TEPCO claimed that helicopter observation indicated that the pool had not boiled off.<ref>{{cite web |language=Japanese |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/science/news/20110317-OYT1T00480.htm |title=４号機プール内に大量の水、自衛隊ヘリ確認 |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |location=Japan|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> The French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) agreed, stating that helicopter crews diverted planned water dumps to unit 3 on the basis of their visual inspection of unit 4.<ref>Jonathan Weisman. [http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2011/03/17/did-nrcs-jaczko-misspeak/ "Did NRC's Jaczko Misspeak?"]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. 17 March 2011.</ref> At approximately 14:30 on 16 March, TEPCO announced that the storage pool, located outside the unit 4 containment area,<ref name="a12">{{cite news|author=Black, Richard |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12762608 |title=Japanese emperor 'deeply worried' BBC News |publisher=BBC News |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> might be boiling. Around 20:00 JST it was then planned to use a police water cannon to spray water on unit 4.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/16/idUSTFD00670420110316 |title=Water cannon truck to tackle spent nuclear fuel pool |agency=Reuters |date=16 March 2011 |Lies, Elaine}}</ref> On 18 March, it was reported that water sprayed into the spent fuel pool was disappearing faster than evaporation could explain, suggesting leakage.<ref name="vartabedian1">{{Cite news |title=U.S. nuclear officials suspect Japanese plant has a dire breach |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-japan-quake-wrapup-20110318,0,2262753.story |accessdate=18 March 2011 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=18 March 2011 |author=Ralph Vartabedian |author2=Barbara Demick |author3=Laura King}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite news |title=Frantic Repairs Go On at Plant as Japan Raises Severity of Crisis |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/asia/19japan.html |accessdate=18 March 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 March 2011 |author=Hiroko Tabuchi |author2=Keith Bradsher}}</ref> SDF military trucks sprayed water onto the building to try to replenish the pool on 20 March.<ref name=nisa35/> On 22 March, the Australian military flew in Bechtel-owned robotic equipment for remote spraying and viewing of the pool. ''The Australian'' reported this would give the first clear view of the pool in the "most dangerous" of the reactor buildings.<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Alford |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian-robotic-equipment-to-aid-in-water-dousing-reactors/story-fn84naht-1226025692481 |title=Australian robotic equipment to aid in water dousing reactors |work=The Australian |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> The IAEA reported, "From 22 March to 25 March 130 to 150 tonnes of seawater were poured into the spent fuel pool each day using a concrete pump equipped with a long articulated arm. Seawater was also poured in through spent fuel cooling system from 21:05 UTC 24 March to 01:20 25 March. White smoke was still being observed coming from the reactor building as of 23:00 UTC 25 March."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/press/?p=1775 |title=Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (27 March, 01:15 UTC) : IAEA Alert Log: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident |publisher=Iaea.org |date=27 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> On 29 March, the seawater was changed to fresh water.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/30/japan.nuclear.status/index.html |publisher=CNN|title=Status report: Reactor-by-reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi plant|date=30 March 2011}}</ref> Analysis of spent fuel pool water collected on 12 April suggests that while some of the 1535 fuel assemblies stored there may have been damaged, the majority of the stored fuel assemblies are intact based on measured radiation levels.<ref name="wnno">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Most_fuel_in_Fukushima_4_pool_undamaged-1404117.html |title=Fukushima Most fuel in Fukushima 4 pool undamaged |publisher=world-nuclear-news.org |date=14 April 2011 |accessdate=15 April 2011}}</ref> TEPCO further stated that "the fuel rods in the unit 4 pool had released caesium-134 and −137 in the process of being damaged," and that TEPCO would "need to continue monitoring it."<ref name="search.japantimes.co.jp">[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110413x1.html Radiation surges above 4's fuel pool|The Japan Times Online]. Search.japantimes.co.jp (2011-04-13). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> On 13 April, TEPCO reported that the temperature of the spent fuel pool had increased to 90 °C, and that the radiation level 6 meters above the pool had reached 84 mSv/h.<ref name="search.japantimes.co.jp"/> The spike was later attributed to a failure to properly keep the SFP covered in water.<ref name="globalsecuritynewswire.org">[http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20110414_5466.php NTI: Global Security Newswire - Japan Plant Emits More Radiation After Cooling Lapse]. Global Security Newswire (2011-04-14). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> As of 25 April, TEPCO was still pumping between 70 and 210 tons of water into the pool, varying the amounts depending on the temperature in the pool. TEPCO also reported that it was attempting to minimize the amount of water added to the pool for fear "the weight of the water could weaken the reactor building."<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/25_12.html Monitoring rising temperatures], NHK, 25 April 2011 </ref> On 28 April, TEPCO announced it believed that water was not leaking from the pool but only evaporating. TEPCO based its belief on calculations that the heat generated by the spent fuel stored in the pool would be expected to evaporate 140 to 210 tons of water daily, in line with the amount of replacement water it adds.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/28_05.html TEPCO: Water isn't leaking from No. 4 reactor pool], NHK, 28 April 2011</ref> On 9 May, TEPCO began work to install a supporting structure for the unit 4 spent fuel pool, due to the concerns that explosions could have weakened the structure.<ref>[http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110510-1-1.pdf Seismic Damage Information] (the 132nd Release)</ref> ===Possibility of criticality in the spent fuel pool=== Visual inspection of the spent fuel rod pool on reactor 4 on April 30 has shown that that there is no significant visible damage to the fuel rods in the pool. This observation is inconsistent with speculation of prompt criticality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_No_significant_damage_to_fuel_at_unit_4_3004111.html |title=No significant damage to fuel at unit 4 |publisher=world-nuclear-news.org |accessdate=30 April 2011}}</ref> ==Reactor units 5 and 6== [[File:Fukushima 1 transformer building reactors 5&6.jpg|thumb|Unit 5&6 connection to the 500&thinsp;kV Futaba Line (双葉線)]] Both reactors were offline at the time the earthquake struck (reactor 5 had been shut down on 3 January 2011 and reactor 6 on 14 August 2010), although they were still fueled, unlike reactor 4 where the fuel rods had been removed prior to the earthquake.<ref name=nytimes-reactor-status/> Government spokesman Edano stated on 15 March that reactors 5 and 6 were being closely monitored, as cooling processes were not functioning well.<ref name=autogenerated7 /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/15/japan.nuclear.reactors/?hpt=T1 |title=Officials: Spent fuel rods may have burned in blaze at nuclear plant – CNN.com |publisher=CNN |date=16 March 2011|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> At 09:16 JST, the removal of roof panels from reactor buildings 5 and 6 was being considered in order to allow any hydrogen build-up to escape.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> At 21:00 on 15 March, water levels in unit 5 were reported to be 2 m above fuel rods, but had fallen 40&nbsp;cm in 5 hours.<ref name="IAEAtsunami1"/> Published water temperatures on 18 March showed 182 °C inside reactor 5 and 161 °C in reactor 6.<ref name=NISA30status>[http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110318-3-2.pdf Conditions of Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Stations Unit 1]</ref> On 17 March, unit 6 was reported to have operational diesel-generated power and this was to be used to power pumps in unit 5 to run the Make-up Water Condensate System (MUWC) to supply more water.<ref name="IAEAtsunami1"/> Preparations were made to inject water into the reactor pressure vessel once external power could be restored to the plant, as water levels in the reactors were considered to be declining.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> NISA reported that connections from the grid to all units was complete 20 March<ref name=nisa104>[http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110421-1-2.pdf Seismic Damage Information (the 104th Release)(As of 13:00 April 20st, 2011)]</ref> through new cables and transformers. Information provided to the IAEA indicated that storage pool temperatures at both units 5 and 6 remained steady around 60–68 °C between 19:00 JST 14 March and 21:00 JST 18 March, though rising slowly.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> On 18 March reactor water levels remained around 2 m above the top of fuel rods.<ref name=nisa29/><ref name=nisa31>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110319-2.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 31st Release（Revised）) |date=18 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> It was confirmed that panels had been removed from the roofs of units 5 and 6 to allow any hydrogen gas to escape.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> At 04:22 on 19 March, the second unit of emergency generator A for unit 6 was restarted which allowed operation of pump C of the residual heat removal system (RHR) in unit 5 to cool the spent fuel storage pool.<ref name=nisa32>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110319-4.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 32nd Release) |date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> Later in the day, pump B in unit 6 was also restarted to allow cooling of the spent fuel pool there.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11032005-e.html |title=Press Release &#124; Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 2:00 pm Mar 20th) |publisher=TEPCO |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> Temperature at unit 5 pool decreased to 48 °C on 19 March 18:00 JST,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Yomiuri Shinbun| url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20110319-OYT1T00851.htm?from=main3| title=３号機へ昼夜継続し放水、４号機への放水も検討|date=20 March 2011}}</ref> and 37 °C on 20 March when unit 6 pool temperature had fallen to 41 °C.<ref name=nisa35>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110320-3.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 35th Release) |date=20 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 20 March, NISA announced that both reactors had been returned to a condition of cold shutdown.<ref name=NISA40>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110322-1-1.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 40th Release(corrected)) |date=21 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=Kyodo80015>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/80015.html |title=Work to restore power delayed as smoke seen at Fukushima reactors &#124; Kyodo News |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> On 23 March, it was reported that the cooling pump at reactor No 5 stopped working when it was transferred from backup power to the grid supply.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/24/world/asia/24nuclear.html|work=The New York Times|author=Bradsher, Keith|title=New Problems Arise at Japanese Nuclear Plant|date=23 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=NISA47>[http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110324-1-1.pdf Seismic Damage Information (the 47th Release)] (As of 08:00 March 24th, 2011), Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, News Release, 24 March 2011</ref> This was repaired and the cooling restarted approximately 24 hours later. RHR cooling in unit 6 was switched to the permanent power supply on 25 March.<ref name=TEPCO59>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110329-3-1.pdf |title=Seismic Damage Information (the 59th Release-Corrected) |date=28 March 2011 |publisher=Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> ==Radiation levels and radioactive contamination== [[File:NIT Combined Flights Ground Measurements 30Mar 03Apr2011 results.jpg|thumb|Map of contaminated areas around the plant (22 March-3 April).]] {{main|Radiation effects from Fukushima I nuclear accidents}} Radioactive material has been released from the Fukushima containment vessels as the result of deliberate venting to reduce gaseous pressure, deliberate discharge of coolant water into the sea, and accidental or uncontrolled events. Junichi Matsumoto, acting head of TEPCO's Nuclear Power & Plant Siting Division, acknowledged the seriousness of the Fukushima accident at a [12 April] press conference stating, "although the details of the [Chernobyl and Fukushima] accidents are different, from the standpoint of how much radiation has been released, [Fukushima] is equal to or more serious than Chernobyl."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110413005584.htm |title=Huge radiation release led to severity hike |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |location=Japan |date=14 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Using Japanese Nuclear Safety Commission numbers, ''Asahi Shimbun'' reported that by 24 March the accident might have emitted 30,000 to 110,000 TBq of iodine-131.<ref name="japanlevel6">{{Cite news |url=http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201103250204.html |title=Radiation from Fukushima exceeds Three Mile Island |work=Asahi Shimbun |location=Japan |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> The highest reported radiation dose rate outside was 1000 mSv/h on 16 March.<ref name=cbs1>{{cite news|author=CBS/AP|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/15/501364/main20043621.shtml |title=Radiation spike hinders work at Japan nuke plant |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=18 March 2011 |date=15 March 2011}}</ref> On 29 March, at times near unit 2, radiation monitoring was hampered by a belief that some radiation levels may be higher than 1000 mSv/h, but that "1,000 millisieverts is the upper limit of their measuring devices."<ref name="online.wsj.com"/> The maximum permissible dose for Japanese nuclear workers was increased to 250 mSv/year, for emergency situations after the accidents.<ref>{{cite news|journal=The New York Times|place = NY, USA|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/16/world/asia/16workers.html|section = Asia|date=2011‐3‐16|title = Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese Workers|first1=Keith|last1=Bradsher|first2=Hiroko|last2=Tabuchi}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=NHK|place = JP|url = http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_19.html|title = Gov't ups permissible radiation level}}</ref> TEPCO has been criticized in providing insufficient safety equipment for its workers, including accusations of a lack of monitoring and decontamination equipment, and for giving the most dangerous work to subcontractors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/82005.html |title=FOCUS: Subcontractor questions safety management at Fukushima nuclear plant |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/japan-nuclear-crisis-worker-speaks-radiation-dangers/story?id=13271759 |title=Japan Nuclear Crisis: Worker Speaks Out About Radiation Dangers |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=1 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Yue, Terril |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/01/us-japan-quake-jumpers-health-idUSTRE7303HD20110401 |title="Jumpers" offered big money to brave Japan's nuclear plant |agency=Reuters |accessdate=7 April 2011 |date=1 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110514p2a00m0na014000c.html Contaminated nuke plant workers going back on job as safety regs go by wayside], Mainichi, 14 May 2011</ref> The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare announced that levels of radioactivity exceeding legal limits had been detected in milk produced in the Fukushima area and in certain vegetables in Ibaraki. On 23 March, Tokyo drinking water exceeded the safe level for infants, prompting the government to distribute bottled water to families with infants.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9M59PR00.htm Anxiety in Tokyo over radiation in tap water], ''Business Week'', 23 March 2011</ref> Seawater near the discharge of the plant elevated levels of iodine-131 were found on 22 March, which had increased to 3,355 times the legal limit on 29 March. Also concentrations far beyond the legal limit were measured for caesium-134 and caesium-137 were more than 100 times above the limit. ===Contamination of basements, wiring trenches, and pipe tunnels=== [[File:Fukushima I nuclear accident diagram 1.svg|thumb|Side view of the Fukushima trenches and tunnels. 1: Reactor building, 2: Turbine generator and associated condenser.]] As illustrated in the diagram to the right, the Fukushima I nuclear plant has a number of trenches and pipe tunnels that stretch from each unit's reactor (diagram #1), to the unit's turbine building (diagram #2), to the sea (to the right of diagram #6).<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Fphotonews%2Fgallery%2Finfographics%2F110402info05.html&ei=VfKXTfnUG8Xi0gGBreGADA&usg=AFQjCNEloHtCW0HgUq-UpSL7jlcrCHUN-g |title=Impact on civilian life and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident illustrated |publisher=Google |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> In some locations these connections are open trenches, while in other locations the connections are pipe tunnels.<ref name="google1"/> During work to restore power to unit 2 on 27 March, TEPCO reported very high levels of radiation in water in the basement of the unit 2 turbine building.<ref name="guardian1"/> While first reported radiation levels of more than 10 million times usual appeared later to be erroneous, the radiation measurements were more than 100,000 times higher than usual.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news|title=Woes deepen over radioactive water at nuke plant, sea contamination |url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/81375.html |agency=Kyodo News Network|accessdate=27 March 2011|date=28 March 2011}}</ref> On 28 March, the Nuclear Safety Commission announced its suspicion that "radioactive substances from temporarily melted fuel rods at the No. 2 reactor had made their way into water in the reactor containment vessel and then leaked out through an unknown route".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/28_h28.html |title=Radiation hampers cooling efforts |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=28 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Highly radioactive water was later found in trenches at three of the units.<ref name="HNK28"/><ref name="a10">{{cite web |url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/29_05.html |title=TEPCO faces challenge in cooling reactor |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=29 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> These trenches stretch toward, but do not directly connect to, the sea (see diagram #6).<ref name="HNK28"/><ref name="a10"/> On 30 March, the units 2 and 3 trenches were 1 m below the level at which they would overflow into the sea.<ref name="a10"/> In comparison, the unit 1 trench was 10&nbsp;cm from overflowing.<ref name="a10"/> The high levels of water in the trenches combined with their potential to overflow to the sea complicated the cooling efforts because the water required to cool the reactor was believed to also be filling the trenches.<ref name="online.wsj.com"/> Hence, cooling unit 2 with large quantities of fresh water was expected to cause the trenches, leading to the sea, to fill and overflow—worsening the radioactivity release.<ref name="online.wsj.com"/> Consequently, TEPCO reduced the amount of water injected into unit 2 from 16 to 7 ton per hour.<ref name="HNK28"/> TEPCO used two approaches to prevent the highly radioactive water from leaking into the sea.<ref name="kyodonews1">{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/83451.html|title=Highly radioactive water leaking into sea stops: TEPCO|date=6 April 2011|accessdate=12 April 2011|agency=Kyodo News}}</ref> ====Pumping the water from the basement==== [[File:Construction of internationally compatible emergency pump valves for Fukushima complex.jpg|thumb|Construction of internationally-compatible emergency pump valves for Fukushima complex, Yokota AB]] The first approach to prevent tunnel water from leaking into the sea was to pump the tunnels dry. Beginning on 27 March, operators attempted to pump water from the turbine hall basement (see the tunnel below diagram #2) to the condenser (the large black vessel).<ref name="a11"/><ref name="a2007"/> By pumping water out of the basement, TEPCO expected to lower the trench water level, and reduce the likelihood of overspill to the sea. However, "both condensers turned out to be full," which prevented pumping.<ref name=a4/> Therefore, pumps able to shift 10 to 25 tons of water per hour were used to move condenser water to storage tanks, freeing condenser storage for water that was in the basement of unit 2. However, since both the storage tanks and the condensers were nearly full, TEPCO also considered using tankers or a "mega float" as a temporary storage location for the radioactive water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2011/04/fukushimas-radioactive-water-to-be-pumped-into-mega-float/|title = Fukushima's radioactive water to be pumped into 'Mega Float' |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=30 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110401D01JFF02.htm |title=Tepco may use floating island to hold tainted water |publisher=E.nikkei.com |date=2 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Regardless of the availability of offshore storage for radioactive-contaminated water, TEPCO decided to pump its least contaminated water, approximately 100 times the legal limit, from a wastewater treatment plant, out to sea on 5 April to free storage space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yomiuri.co.jp%2Fnational%2Fnews%2F20110404-OYT1T00580.htm&act=url |title=Increase your water play pool, use of Mega-Float for fishing |publisher=Google |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|author=Westall, Sylvia |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/04/us-japan-nuclear-water-idUSTRE7336L720110404 |title=Japan to dump 11,500 metric tons of radioactive water The wastewater facility had 11,500 tons of water stored (by 10 April 8900 tons had been pumped into the sea|agency=Reuters |accessdate=24 April 2011 |date=4 April 2011}}</ref>).<ref name="reuters.com"/><ref name="asahi.com">[http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201104040141.html asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：Radiation fallout from Fukushima plant will take "months" to stop - English]. Asahi.com (2011-04-04). Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> At the same time, on 5 April, TEPCO began pumping water from the units condensers of units 1–3 to their respective condensation storage tanks to free room for the trench water.<ref name="asahi.com"/> =====Plugging the source of the water===== [[File:Fukushima I nuclear powerplant nuclear (leak case of high-level radiation water, trenches and tunnels).PNG|thumb|Leakage route of highly radioactive water through a gravel layer.<br />1: Reactor building, 2: Turbine building, 3: Injection of sodium silicate.]] The second approach used by TEPCO to limit overflow into the sea was to plug leaks into pits that were connected to the trenches. Eventually, leaks would be discovered in pits in unit 2 (discovered 1 April) and unit 3 (discovered 11 May).<ref name=w1>[http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Tepco_investigates_new_Fukushima_leak_1105111.html Tepco investigates new Fukushima leak], World Nuclear News, 11 May 2011</ref><ref name=t1>[http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11051108-e.html Possible leakage of water including radioactive materials to the outside from around the intake canal of Unit 3 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station], TEPCO, 11 May 2011</ref> While the later found leak in unit 3 was reported to be plugged with one day,<ref name=w1/> the unit 2 pit-leak took much longer to stop. Discovered on 1 April, the leak in the unit 2 pit was located near the unit 2 reactor basement and above the trench system.<ref name="a10"/> The crack in the pit was reported at the time to be the primary source of water to the trench system;<ref name="a10"/> however, at that time, the unit 3 leak was unknown.<ref name=w1/><ref name=t1/> TEPCO reported the unit 2 leak was from a crack 20&nbsp;cm in size, and that it may have been leaking since the magnitude 9 earthquake shook the plant on 11 March until finally patched on 6 April.<ref>{{cite news|author=David Batty and agencies |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/02/japan-fukushima-radioactive-water-leaking-sea |title=Radioactive water from Japan's Fukushima plant is leaking into sea |work=Guardian |accessdate=7 April 2011 |location=London |date=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110402D02JF750.htm |title=Source Of Toxic Leaks Found At Japan Nuclear Plant |publisher=E.nikkei.com |date=2 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> However, radiation levels above the pit exceeded 1000 mSv/h (1 Sv/h, 100 Rem/h), hampering technicians to safely work.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rick Wallace, Tokyo Correspondent |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/bodies-found-as-nuclear-plant-leak-poisons-ocean/story-e6frg6so-1226032895940 |title=Bodies found as nuclear plant leak poisons ocean |work=The Australian |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Regardless, TEPCO attempted to use sandbags and concrete to plug the leak.<ref name="a10"/> However, by 2 April, TEPCO acknowledged the water was still leaking into the trenches and to the sea.<ref name="latimes1">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-japan-quake-20110403,0,2146668.story|title=Two workers' bodies recovered at Fukushima nuclear plant|first1=Julie|last1=Makinen|first2=Kenji|last2=Hall|work=Los Angeles Times|date=3 April 2011|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 2 April, TEPCO said that it had again attempted to plug the hole, now using 2,000 liters of a synthetic resin.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/04/02/japan.nuclear.reactors/ |title=Official: Radioactive water leaking into sea through crack in concrete |publisher=CNN |date=29 March 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> TEPCO attempted to inject a polymeric water absorbent, used for diapers, into pipes leading to the pit; this absorbent was also coupled with sawdust and shredded newspapers.<ref name="kyodonews1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/03_22.html |title=Radioactive water continues to leak |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=3 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> However, on 3 April and 4 April, this approach appeared to have failed to slow the leak, leading TEPCO to use a colored dye to confirm the location and size of the leak.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/03_22.html |title=Radioactive water continues to leak |publisher=NHK WORLD English |date=3 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/82995.html |title=Tokyo Electric struggles to pin down source of seawater pollution |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> The dye indicated the leak was from a cracked pipe and seeping through gravel into the pit.<ref name="a9">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/05_h32.html |title=Leak at Fukushima appears to be lessening |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=5 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> On 5 April, TEPCO began using liquid glass to attempt to stop the leak.<ref name="a9"/> Finally, on 6 April, TEPCO drilled a hole into the pit near unit 2 and injected water glass (sodium silicate) into the pit.<ref>''NHK'', "Radioactive water leak at Fukushima plant stops", 6 April 2011.</ref> The residual heat carried by the water used for cooling the damaged reactors accelerated the setting of the injected mixture. Shortly afterward, TEPCO announced that water had stopped leaking from the pit.<ref name="world-nuclear-news2">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Fukushima_workers_start_emptying_trench_water-1304115.html |title=Fukushima workers start emptying trench water |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=13 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> In an attempt to prevent future leaks, TEPCO installed seven steel plates at unit 2 that would prevent water from flowing out the plant's water intakes (see diagram #6).<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> Additional plates were expected to be added at the other Fukushima units.<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> However, these plates were later suspected of "stirring up" radioactive debris, and to have significantly increased radiation measured in the sea.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/world/asia/17nuke.html |title=Levels of Radioactive Materials Rise Near Japanese Plant |work=The New York Times |date=17 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Long term, TEPCO is "also considering pouring adhesive concrete into the suppression chamber of reactor 2 to patch the hole that is believed to be causing radioactive water to leak into the turbine building and the trench."<ref name="japantimes2">{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110418x1.html |title=Robots detect dangerous spike in reactor 3 radiation |work=Japan Times |date=18 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> On 21 April, TEPCO estimated that 520 tons radioactive water leaked into the sea before leaks were plugged, releasing 4,700 TBq (20,000 times facility's annual limit).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/21_35.html |title=TEPCO estimates 520-ton radioactive water into sea |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> TEPCO did not estimate the amount of water that escaped from the unit 3 leak, but did say the leaked water was contaminated with iodine-131, caesium-137 and caesium-134 far beyond regulatory limits,<ref>[http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Water_poses_questions_for_Tepco_1205111.html Water poses questions for Tepco], World Nuclear News, 12 May 2011</ref> and that the leak was patched the same day it was discovered.<ref name=w1/> =====Ongoing efforts===== With the leak plugged, at least temporarily, on 10 April TEPCO returned to the work began on 27 March, removing water from the tunnel system so repairs could be made to the plant's original cooling system. Removal is considered essential because the water is so radioactive, in excess to the 1000 mSv/h measuring equipment's range, that repair work cannot be safely conducted without removing the water<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/><ref name="english.kyodonews.jp">{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/84319.html |title=Highly radioactive water in nuke plant to be moved for storage.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/05_38.html |title= Plant radiation monitor says levels immeasurable |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> By 13 April, TEPCO had pumped approximately "250 tonnes of highly radioactive water from the trench into the unit's turbine condenser," lowering the trench water-level by 4&nbsp;cm.<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> The water was approximately 99&nbsp;cm deep originally.<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> TEPCO estimated that pumping would take "about 40 hours to move some 700 tonnes of water from the trench."<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> Water would eventually have to be removed from the unit 2 basement, as well as from the trenches and basements of units 1 and 3.<ref name="world-nuclear-news2"/> By 15 April, TEPCO estimated that 660 tons of 60,000 tons of the highly radioactive water had been pumped from the trenches.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/85532.html |title=Groundwater radiation level at nuke plant rises |agency=Kyodo News |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> The water level was believed to have fallen by 8&nbsp;cm.<ref name="a16"/> and TEPCO announced it expected to start storing some of the trench water in storage spaces freed up by dumping 9,100 tons of slightly contaminated water from a wastewater treatment plant from 4 April to 10 April.<ref name="english.kyodonews.jp"/><ref name="a15">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_23.html |title=Wastewater level at Fukushima reactor rising |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=16 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> However, shortly after announcing the reduction in level, the water level began increasing again, a 2.5&nbsp;cm increase on 16 April,<ref name="a16">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/16_09.html |title=Wastewater level at No.2 reactor tunnel rising |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=16 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="a15"/> and a 3&nbsp;cm increase on 17 April<ref name="japantimes2"/> were believed to have been caused by the earlier efforts to patch leaks to the ocean.<ref name="a16"/><ref name="a15"/> On 19 April, TEPCO estimated that the unit 2 turbine basement contained 25,000 cubic meters of contaminated water,<ref>[http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/betu11_e/images/110419e2.pdf Transfer to the Process Main Building], TEPCO</ref> it would later estimate this water contained 400 PBq of radioactivity.<ref>[http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201105120189.html TEPCO drowning in dealing with tons of radioactive], Asahi, 13 May 2011</ref> Then, on 20 April, TEPCO began pumping the basement water to the wastewater treatment facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nuclearstreet.com/nuclear_power_industry_news/b/nuclear_power_news/archive/2011/04/20/plans-to-manage-radioactive-water-advancing-at-fukushima-daiichi042002.aspx |title=Plans to Manage Radioactive Water Advancing at Fukushima Daiichi |publisher=Nuclearstreet.com |date=20 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> By 27 April, TEPCO had pumped 1.89 million liters of the highly contaminated water to the processing plant, and announced plans to add more pumping capability.<ref name="bloomberg.com"/> While progress was being made on pumping the unit 2 basement, on 14 May, TEPCO announced that it appeared that the unit 1 basement is also "half full" of radioactive water that was expected to delay cleanup efforts.<ref>[http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/node/4005 Fukushima Reactor Bldg.'s Basement Half Filled with Water], Jiji Press, 14 May 2011</ref> On 15 May, TEPCO announced plans to pump approximately 4,000 tons of 22,000 tons contaminated water from the unit 3 turbine building basement and trench system; the water was 1.4 m high in the basement.<ref name=n2/> ==Central fuel storage areas== Used fuel assemblies taken from reactors are initially stored for at least 18 months in the pools adjacent to their reactors. They can then be transferred to the central fuel storage pond.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> This contains 6375 fuel assemblies and was reported "secured" with a temperature of 55 °C. After further cooling, fuel can be transferred to dry cask storage, which has shown no signs of abnormalities.<ref name="world-nuclear-news.org">{{cite web|title=Spraying continues at Fukushima Daiichi|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Spraying_continues_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_1803111.html|accessdate=19 March 2011|date=18 March 2011}}</ref> On 21 March temperatures in the fuel pond had risen a little to 61 °C and water was sprayed over the pool.<ref name=IAEAtsunami1/> Power was restored to cooling systems on 24 March and by 28 March temperatures were reported down to 35 °C.<ref name=NISA61/> ==Accident rating== [[File:Fukushima7.png|thumb|Comparison of radiation levels for different nuclear events.]] The severity of the nuclear accident is provisionally<ref name="en20110412-4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110412-4.pdf |title=NISA News Release April 12, 2011 |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> rated 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). This scale runs from 0, indicating an abnormal situation with no safety consequences, to 7, indicating an accident causing widespread contamination with serious health and environmental effects. Prior to Fukushima, the Chernobyl disaster was the only level 7 accident on record, while the Three Mile Island accident was a level 5 accident. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency initially rated the situation at unit 1 below both of these previous accidents; on 13 March it announced it was classifying the event at level 4, an "accident with local consequences".<ref name=autogenerated14>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-japan-quake-rating-idUSTRE72B2FR20110312|title=Japan rates quake less serious than Three Mile Island, Chernobylauthor=Maeda, Risa|date=12 March 2011|agency=Reuters |accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref> On 18 March it raised its rating on units 1, 2 and 3 to level 5, an "accident with wider consequences". It classified the situation at unit 4 as a level 3 "serious incident".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Richard Black |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-12783832 |title=BBC News – Japan earthquake: Fukushima nuclear alert level raised |publisher=BBC News |date=19 March 2011|accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> Several parties disputed the Japanese classifications, arguing that the situation was more severe than they were admitting at the time. On 14 March, three Russian experts stated that the nuclear accident should be classified at Level 5, perhaps even Level 6.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Shuster, Simon|title=Fire at Fourth Reactor: Is Worse Yet to Come in the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster?|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2059232,00.html|work=Time |date=15 March 2011}}</ref> One day later, the French nuclear safety authority ASN said that the Fukushima plant could be classified as a Level 6.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Maitre, Marie|title=UPDATE 1-French nuclear agency now rates Japan accident at 6|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-quake-nuclear-france-idUSLDE72E2M920110315|agency=Reuters |accessdate=16 March 2011|coauthors=Matthew Jones|date=15 March 2011}}</ref> {{as of|2011|03|18|alt=as of 18 March}}, the French nuclear authority—and as of 15 March, the Finnish nuclear safety authority—estimated the accidents at Fukushima to be at Level 6 on the INES.<ref name=french-level6>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/japan-quake-nuclear-france-idUSLDE72E2M920110315 |title=UPDATE 1-French nuclear agency now rates Japan accident at 6 |agency=Reuters |date=15 March 2011|accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="finnish">{{cite web |url=http://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/artikkeli/STUK+Fukushiman+turman+vakavuus+jo+kuutosluokkaa/1135264592277 |title=STUK: Fukushiman turman vakavuus jo kuutosluokkaa |publisher=Helsingin Sanomat|date=15 March 2011|language=Finnish}}</ref> On 24 March, a scientific consultant for noted anti-nuclear environmental group Greenpeace, working with data from the Austrian ZAMG<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/docs/aktuell/Japan2011-03-22_1500_E.pdf Spread of Radioactivity/first|title=source estimates from CTBTO data|work=ZAMG|date=22 March 2011}}</ref> and French IRSN, prepared an analysis in which he rated the total Fukushima accident at INES level 7.<ref>[http://www.greenpeace.de/fileadmin/gpd/user_upload/themen/atomkraft/INES_7march_25th.pdf Greenpeace analysis: Fukushima accident already INES level 7] Greenpeace</ref> [[File:Fukushima Dosis qtl1 en.svg|thumb|left|Radiation releases during the initial hydrogen explosions.]] The ''Asahi Shimbun'' newspaper reported on 26 March that the accident might warrant level 6, based on its calculations.<ref name="japanlevel6"/> ''The Wall Street Journal'' stated that Japan's NISA would make any decision on raising the level.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2011/03/25/at-a-glance-crisis-rating-white-smoke-at-plant-death-toll-tops-10000/ |title=At a Glance: Crisis Rating, Worker Injuries, Death Toll Tops 10,000 |date=25 March 2011 |accessdate=25 March 2011 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> INES level 6, or "serious accident," had only been applied to the Kyshtym disaster (Soviet Union, 1957), while the only level 7 was Chernobyl (Soviet Union, 1986). Previous level 5 accidents included the Windscale fire (United Kingdom, 1957); the Lucens reactor (Switzerland, 1969); Three Mile Island (United States, 1979); and the Goiânia accident (Brazil, 1987). Assessing "seriousness" as partial or full meltdown at a civilian plant, ''The New York Times'' reported on 3 April that based on remote sensing, computer "simulations suggest that the number of serious accidents has suddenly doubled, with three of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi complex in some stage of meltdown." The ''Times'' counted three previous civilian meltdowns, from World Nuclear Association information: Three Mile Island; Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant (France, 1980, INES level 4); and Chernobyl.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/science/03meltdown.html|title = From Afar, a Vivid Picture of Japan Crisis|author = William J. Broad|date=2 April 2011|work = The New York Times}}</ref> On 11 April, the Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) temporarily raised the disaster at Fukushima Daiichi to Level 7 on the INES scale, by considering the whole event and not considering each reactor as an individual event per se (rated between 3 and 5). This would make Fukushima the second Level 7 "major accident" in the history of the nuclear industry; having said that, radiation released as a result of the events at Fukushima was, as of April 12, only approximately 10% of that released as a result of the accident at Chernobyl (1986), also rated as INES Level 7.<ref name="en20110412-4" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Austria |url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2011/fukushima120411.html |title=IAEA Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log – Updates of 12 April 2011 |publisher=Iaea.org |date=12 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> ==Radiation in other countries== {{see also|Radiation effects from Fukushima I nuclear accidents#Distribution outside Japan}} The Fukushima accident has led to "trace" amounts of radiation, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, being observed around the world (New York State, Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, California, Montreal, and Austria).<ref name="newscientist.com">[http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20285-fukushima-radioactive-fallout-nears-chernobyl-levels.html Fukushima radioactive fallout nears Chernobyl levels - health - 24 March 2011]. New Scientist. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref><ref>[http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/03/report-radioactive-emissions-from-japan-plant-approach-chernobyl-levels/1 Report: Emissions from Japan plant approach Chernobyl levels], USA Today, 24 March 2011</ref><ref name="seattletimes.nwsource.com">Doughton, Sandi. (2011-04-05) [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014693490_nukemonitors06m.html Local News|Universities come through in monitoring for radiation|Seattle Times Newspaper]. Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> A widely cited Austrian Meteorological Service report estimated the total amount of I-131 radiation released as of 19 March based on extrapolating data from several days of ideal observation at a handful of worldwide CTBTO radionuclide measuring facilities (Freiburg, Germany; Stockholm, Sweden; Takasaki, Japan and Sacramento, USA) during the first 10 days of the accident.<ref name="a17">{{cite web|url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/docs/aktuell/Japan2011-03-24_1600_E.pdf |title=Accident in the Japanese NPP Fukushima: Spread of Radioactivity |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="newscientist1">{{cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20285-fukushima-radioactive-fallout-nears-chernobyl-levels.html |title=Fukushima radioactive fallout nears Chernobyl levels |publisher=Newscientist.com |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> The report's estimates of total I-131 emissions based on these worldwide measuring stations ranged from 10 PBq to 700 PBq.<ref name="a17"/> This estimate was 1% to 40% of the 1760 PBq<ref name="a17"/><ref name="a18">{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110412-4.pdf |title=INES Rating on the Events in Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (source rounds off to 1800) |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> of I-131 estimated to be release at Chernobyl.<ref name="newscientist1"/> This report may not have been updated, but for comparison, a 12 April NISA report estimated the total I-131 release (based upon Japanese measurement equipment) at 130 to 150 PBq total release for the longer period of time.<ref name="a18"/> This would be approximately 7% to 9% of the I-131 Chernobyl release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110412-4.pdf |title=INES Rating on the Events in Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station |format=PDF |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> A UC Berkeley professor of nuclear engineering who is measuring radionuclide detected in California, but not estimating the total release, asserted "that the fallout poses no significant health threat."<ref>{{cite news|author=Doughton, Sandi |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014693490_nukemonitors06m.html |title=Universities come through in monitoring for radiation |publisher=Seattletimes.nwsource.com |date=5 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> The expert who prepared the Austrian Meteorological Service report asserted that the "Chernobyl accident emitted much more radioactivity and a wider diversity of radioactive elements than Fukushima Daiichi has so far, but it was iodine and caesium that caused most of the health risk – especially outside the immediate area of the Chernobyl plant."<ref name="newscientist1"/> As of 28 April, the Washington State Department of Health, one of the U.S. states nearest Japan, reported that levels of radioactive material from the Fukushima plant had dropped significantly, and were often below levels that could be detected with standard tests.<ref>[http://www.doh.wa.gov/Publicat/2011_news/11-064.htm Radioactive material in the state air from Japan nuclear reactors way down], Washington Department of Health, 28 April 2011</ref> ===Radiation from direct fallout=== The levels detected by air filters in countries outside Japan are extremely low. Health Canada stated that the increase measured in Canada was less than the natural day-to-day variation in the existing background levels; the presence of fallout could only be detected by analysing the isotopes present, and there was no significant increase in the total level of radiation.<ref name="hc-sc.gc.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/ed-ud/respond/nuclea/data-donnees-eng.php |title=Health Canada's Radiation Monitoring Data |publisher=Hc-sc.gc.ca |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Health Canada put the extra radiation in Canada's air due to Fukushima for 18 March at 0.5 nSv, compared to background levels from 20 to 1200 nSv depending on the region.<ref name="hc-sc.gc.ca"/> In the US, monitoring was carried out by government agencies – the EPA,<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/radiation/rert/radnet-data-map.html Japanese Nuclear Emergency: Radiation Monitoring], EPA's RadNet Monitoring Data</ref> the Department of Energy and the Department of Health – as well as independent university teams. Both found low levels of radiation. The government bodies were criticised for their slower, less detailed release of information; Robert Alvarez, a nuclear policy scholar, noted that "the 'lack of transparency' fueled mistrust.".<ref name="nwsource1">[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014693490_nukemonitors06m.html Universities come through in monitoring for radiation], The Seattle Times, 5 April 2011</ref> ===Radioactivity in rainwater and food=== Radioisotopes can be concentrated by precipitation or by bioaccumulation (where plants/animals, including ultimately humans, selectively take up and concentrate particular elements). The caesium radioisotopes are potentially more dangerous than iodine-131 in the long term, because they have longer half-lives (two years for Cs-134, 30 years for Cs-137)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/cesium.html |title=Cesium &#124; Radiation Protection |publisher=US EPA |date=28 June 2006 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> than I-131 (half-life of 8 days), so the risk of persistence in the environment and of long-term accumulation in organisms is greater. Iodine-131 can be concentrated by leafy vegetables and in milk/cheese. CRIIRAD, a French NGO, warned on 7 April that children and pregnant women in Europe should limit consumption of these, in addition to avoiding rainwater as a primary drinking source, as a precautionary measure, although it put the risk as "quite low". CRIIRAD concluded that the risk radioactive particles that remain outside the body or so called "direct fallout" was trivial.<ref>[http://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossier2011/japon_bis/risks_in_France_v4.pdf CONTAMINATION IN FRANCE. What are the risks], CRIIRAD</ref> Low levels of caesium radioisotopes were detected in China,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-04/04/c_13812901.htm |title=Radioactive cesium detected in more Chinese regions amid Japan nuclear crisis |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> and in CA, USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/node/2174 |title=UCB Milk Sampling Results &#124; The Nuclear Engineering Department At UC Berkeley |publisher=Nuc.berkeley.edu |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Detectable levels of radioactive isotopes in milk were present in 6 of the cities tested by the EPA in the USA, with the maximum levels reported in the city of Hilo, HI;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/japan2011/rert/radnet-sampling-data.html |title=RadNet Laboratory Data &#124; Japanese Nuclear Emergency: Radiation Monitoring &#124; |publisher=US EPA |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> the levels were 24&nbsp;pCi/l (0.89&nbsp;Bq/l), 19&nbsp;pCi/l (0.70&nbsp;Bq/l) and 18&nbsp;pCi/l (0.670&nbsp;Bq/l) for caesium-134, caesium-137 and iodine-131 respectively. A university of Berkeley team observed a peak I-131 level of 540 picocuries per liter (20&nbsp;Bq/l) in rainwater. This greatly exceeded the EPA's 3 picocurie per liter (0.1 Bq/l) standard for radioactive iodine in drinking water, although that is based on consumption of the water every day for 70 years.<ref name="nwsource1"/> It is important to note that the allowed level set by regulatory agencies can vary; the levels mandated by the FDA for milk are thousands of times higher than those mandated by the EPA for water. This is partly due to different assumptions about how long the product will be consumed, and partly due to different thresholds of risk.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mcmahon, Jeff |url=http://blogs.forbes.com/jeffmcmahon/2011/04/14/why-does-fda-tolerate-more-radiation-than-epa |title=Why Does FDA Tolerate More Radiation Than EPA? – Jeff McMahon – The Ingenuity of the Commons – Forbes |work=Forbes |date=18 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> As of 12 April 2011, no serious contamination had been observed of food and water produced outside Japan.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|author=Ian Sample, science correspondent |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/12/japan-nuclear-fukushima-radiation |title=Radiation from Fukushima spreads, but threat to rest of world is low &#124; World news |work=The Guardian |accessdate=24 April 2011 |location=London |date=12 April 2011}}</ref> ===Radioactive debris=== A marine oceanographer at the International Pacific Research Center expressed concern that current models are not adequate to predict how contaminated debris swept out of the reactor will behave.<ref>{{cite web|author=Niiler, Eric |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42593310/ns/technology_and_science-science/ |title=Ocean scientists ask to monitor Japan radiation |publisher=MSNBC |date=14 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> ==Reactions== ===Reaction in Japan and evacuation measures=== [[File:MPD-Kouatuhousui.jpg|thumb|A Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Kidotai (riot police) water cannon; this type was used at Fukushima to cool the plant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0316/TKY201103160496.html |language=Japanese |title=原発冷却へ警視庁が特殊放水車　福島第一に使用検討 |date=17 March 2011 |work=Asahi Shimbun |location=Japan}}</ref>]] [[File:Fukushima j-village center house.jpg|thumb|J-village, Naraha, where the TEPCO "base camp" has been established.]] A nuclear emergency was declared by the Government at 19:03 on 11 March. Initially a 2&nbsp;km, then 10&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|author=12 March 2011 at 05:14 am |url=http://www.floridaoilspilllaw.com/reuters-government-doubles-evacuation-zone-radius-20-km |title=Reuters: Government doubles evacuation zone radius to 20 km |publisher=Floridaoilspilllaw.com |date=12 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> evacuation zone was ordered. Later Prime Minister Naoto Kan issued instructions that people within a 20&nbsp;km (12 mile) zone around the plant must leave, and urged that those living between 20&nbsp;km and 30&nbsp;km from the site to stay indoors.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Richard Black |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-12740843 |title=Radiation rises at Fukushima nuclear plant |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=15 March 2011 |date=15 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20110315/163008635.html |title=Japan's PM urges people to clear 20-km zone around Fukushima NPP (Update-1) &#124; World &#124; RIA Novosti |publisher=En.rian.ru |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> Those in the zone between 20&nbsp;km and 30&nbsp;km from the facility were subject to voluntary evacuation. The 20&nbsp;km evacuation zone was not strictly enforced, and residents were reported to have returned to their homes to recover valuables.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartmoney.com/news/on/?story=on-20110419-000507 |title=Japan Edano: Government Mulling Banning Entry Into 20-km Evacuation Zone |publisher=Smartmoney.com |date=19 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> In an apparent change in policy, on 21 April, the Japanese government formally announced that the 20&nbsp;km evacuation zone would be more strictly enforced, and that only one person per residence could return for a maximum of two hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110422p2a00m0na009000c.html |title=Evacuees from zone around nuclear plant express dissatisfaction over home visits |publisher=Mdn.mainichi.jp |date=12 April 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="a19">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/22_20.html |title=Evacuation area officially expanded |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Then on 22 April, the Japanese government announced that the evacuation zone would be extended from the 20&nbsp;km "circular" zone to an irregular zone extending northwest of the Fukushima site.<ref name="a19"/> On 16 May, the Japanese government began evacuating people from outside the official exclusion zone, including the village of Iitate, where high levels of radiation had been repeatedly measured.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/05/16/3217488.htm?section=world Japan evacuates villages outside nuclear zone], ABC News, 16 May 2011</ref><ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110513f1.html Fukushima village on way to becoming ghost town], Japan Times, 13 May 2011</ref> The Prime Minister visited the plant for a briefing on 12 March.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kan inspects quake-hit nuclear plant in Fukushima|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77002.html|accessdate=12 March 2011|agency=Kyodo News |date=12 March 2011}}</ref> He called for calm and against exaggerating the danger.<ref>"[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/15/japan-nuclear-plant-third-explosion Japanese nuclear plant hit by fire and third explosion]", ''The Guardian'', 15 March 2011.</ref> TEPCO established a "base camp" at J-Village, a sport training centre located in Naraha and Hirono, some 20&nbsp;km South of the plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/japans-nuclear-workers-get-respite-from-radiation-at-athletes-village-turned-base-camp/2011/04/01/AF1bcSFC_story.html|title=Japan's nuclear workers get respite from radiation at athletes' village-turned-base camp|date=1 April 2011|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> On 30 March, the IAEA announced that 20 MBq/m² of iodine-131 were found in samples taken from 18 to 26 March in Iitate, Fukushima, 40&nbsp;km northwest of the Fukushima I reactor. The IAEA recommended expanding the evacuation area, based on its criteria of 10 MBq/m². Secretary Edano stated the government would wait to see if the high radiation continued.<ref name="japantimes1">{{cite news|last1=Takahara|first1=Kanako|last2=Kazuaki|first2=Nagata|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110401a1.html|title=High radiation found outside no-go zone|work=Japan Times|publisher=The Japan Times Ltd|date=1 April 2011|page= 1|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> On 31 March, the IAEA announced a new value of 7 MBq/m², in samples taken from 19 to 29 March in Iitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110402x3.html |title=Iodine-131 level falls in Iitate, IAEA says |work=Japan Times |date=2 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> The material decays at 8% to 9% each day. Six weeks after the crisis began, plans were announced for a large-scale study of the environmental and health effects of radioactive contamination from the nuclear plant. Academics and researchers from across Japan will work with the Fukushima Prefectural Government starting in May.<ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110416a4.html "Scholars eye extensive study on nuclear crisis,"] ''Tokyo Times'' (Japan). 16 April 2011, retrieved 2011-04-16.</ref> ===International reaction=== [[File:RCEvacFlight.JPG|thumb|Evacuation flight departs Misawa.]] The international reaction to the nuclear accidents has been a humanitarian response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, also to those people affected by the events at Fukushima I. The response has also included the expression of concern over the developments at the reactors and the risk of escalation. The accidents have furthermore prompted re-evaluation of existing and planned national nuclear energy programs, with some commentators questioning the future of the nuclear renaissance.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-13/nuclear-renaissance-threatened-as-japan-fights-meltdown-at-quake-hit-plant.html "Nuclear renaissance threatened as Japan's reactor struggles"] Bloomberg, 13 March 2011, Retrieved 14 March 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/14/us-japan-quake-nuclear-analysis-idUSTRE72C41W20110314 Analysis: Nuclear renaissance could fizzle after Japan quake] Reuters, 14 March 2011, Retrieved 14 March 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/13/us-nuclear-usa-idUSTRE72C2UW20110313 Japan nuclear woes cast shadow over U.S. energy policy] Reuters, published 13 March 2011, accessed 14 March 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nuclear-winter-2011-03-14 Nuclear winter? Quake casts new shadow on reactors] MarketWatch, 14 March 2011, retrieved 14 March 2011</ref> USA, Australia and Sweden instructed their citizens to evacuate a radius of minimum 80&nbsp;km. South Korea advised to leave farther than 80&nbsp;km and to have plans to evacuate by all possible means.<ref name="inquirer1">[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20110318-326099/Foreigners-stream-out-of-Tokyo Foreigners stream out of Tokyo] Inquirer Headlines</ref><ref name="koreaherald1">[http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20110318000919 Seoul ready to send planes, ships to evacuate its citizens from Japan] Korea Herald</ref> Spain has advised their citizens to leave an area of 120&nbsp;km. Embassies of France,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/50c822ae-4e45-11e0-a9fa-00144feab49a.html|accessdate=19 March 2011|date=14 March 2011|title=France advises citizens to leave Tokyo|work=Financial Times}}</ref> UK,<ref name="guardian1">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/16/britain-urging-citizens-leave-tokyo Britain joins countries urging their citizens to leave Tokyo|World news]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12765593 Japan earthquake: Britons told to consider Tokyo exit]. BBC News. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Germany,<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110317-712828.html Germany to move Japan embassy to Osaka, asks Germans to exit Tokyo]. ''Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref><ref name="xinhuanet1">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/18/c_13784591.htm German embassy in Japan moved to Osaka amid nuclear fears]. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Germany-asks-its-nationals-in-Tokyo-to-leave-Japan/Article1-674495.aspx Germany asks its nationals in Tokyo to leave Japan]. ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Switzerland,<ref>[http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Swiss_advised_to_leave_Japan_danger_zones.html?cid=29751744 Calmy-Rey advises Swiss to leave Japan danger areas]. Swissinfo.ch (15 March 2011). Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Austria,<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42108704/ns/travel-news/ Airlines scramble to get travelers out of Tokyo]. MSNBC. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Italy,<ref name="guardian1"/> Australia,<ref name="guardian1"/> New Zealand,<ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10713105 Consider leaving Tokyo, NZers told]. ''NZ Herald''. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/nzers-advised-consider-leaving-northern-japan-tokyo-nn-88504 Updated- NZers advised to consider leaving northern Japan, Tokyo|The National Business Review]. Nbr.co.nz. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Finland,<ref name="FinnsLeave">[http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110318-703049.html Finland evacuates embassy in Tokyo as situation "uncertain"]. ''Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Kenya,<ref>[http://www.africareview.com/News/Kenya+closes+Tokyo+embassy/-/979180/1128792/-/vscbbkz/-/ Africa Review – Kenya closes Tokyo embassy, citizens advised to leave]. Africareview.com. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Israel<ref>{{Cite news|author=Medzini, Ronen|title=Israel calls on citizens to leave Japan|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4043767,00.html|accessdate=17 March 2011|newspaper=Ynetnews|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> advised their citizens to leave even the metropolitan area of Tokyo.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-17/embassies-urge-relocations-amid-radiation-risks-from-japan-nuclear-plant.html Foreign embassies urge relocations on Japan nuclear crisis]. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hnMAgFHTkeGu3z7TZfeY12zByLMg?docId=40b82321920c4123ae1ca1cda67b8a2c More governments advising citizens to leave Tokyo]. The Associated Press, Google. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.</ref> Travel to Japan is very low, but additional flights have been chartered by some countries to assist those who wish to leave. In mid-March, several nations had begun official efforts to evacuate their citizens from Japan.<ref name="comparecarhire1">[http://www.comparecarhire.co.uk/news/us-evacuates-nationals-from-japan-53825979.html US evacuates nationals from Japan] Travel News</ref> The World Health Organization announced its intention to conduct continuing public health studies over the next 20 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ieUoHlvyxXFcV3Xhw25tD2TTwTnQ?docId=CNG.7e0554b2bf89d7acd100b75548bac138.b61|title=WHO eyes 20 year nuclear health watch in Japan|date=13 April 2011|agency = AFP}}</ref> ==Casualties== Major news source reporting at least 2 TEPCO employees confirmed dead from "disaster conditions" following the earthquake.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1372787/Japan-Fukushima-nuclear-plant-months-control-2-deaths-confirmed.html |title=Crippled Japanese nuclear plant could take months to bring under control as officials confirm deaths of two engineers at complex |work=The Daily Mail |date=4 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011 |location=London}}</ref> "The two workers, aged 21 and 24, sustained multiple external injuries and were believed to have died from blood loss, TEPCO said. Their bodies were decontaminated as radiation has been spewing from the plant for three weeks."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/04/02/japan-nuclear-plant-owner-confirms-deaths-facility-workers-fail-contain/ |title=Japan Nuclear Plant Owner Confirms First Deaths as Workers Fail to Contain Leak |publisher=Fox News |date=1 February 2010 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> 45 patients were reported dead after the evacuation of a hospital in Futaba. Some of them "were suffering from dehydration because they had not eaten anything for three days".<ref>{{cite news |title=Families want answers after 45 people die following evacuation from Fukushima hospital |url=http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110426p2a00m0na006000c.html |newspaper=Mainichi Daily News |date=26 April 2011 |accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> ==Reactor status summary== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="background:white;" ? Please do not delete these settings because the legend colors and entire table meaning will become inaccurate --> |+ Legend<ref name="IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake">{{cite web|title=IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|accessdate=14 April 2011|date=14 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="JAIF1404">{{cite web|title=JAIF Japan Atomic Industrial Forum|url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1302830485P.pdf|publisher=JAIF|accessdate=14 April 2011|date=14 April 2011}}</ref> |- | {{yes|No immediate concern}} | {{partial|Concern}} | {{no|Severe Condition}} |} <!---please update with the latest reactor status report published at: http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/index.php ---> {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- ! style="width: 16%;"|Status of Fukushima I at 14 May 12:00 JST ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 1 ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 2 ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 3 ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 4 ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 5 ! style="width: 14%;"|Unit 6 |- | Rated Electrical Power output (MWe) | 460 | 784 | 784 | 784 | 784 | 1,100 |- | Rated Thermal Power output (MWt) <ref name="a2">{{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 12:30 on 16 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300252224P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=16 March 2011 |date=16 March 2011}} </ref> | 1,380 | 2,381 | 2,381 | 2,381 | 2,381 | 3,293 |- | Type of reactor | BWR-3 | BWR-4 | BWR-4 | BWR-4 | BWR-4 | BWR-5 |- | Containment type | Mark I | Mark I | Mark I | Mark I | Mark I | Mark II |- | Core fuel assemblies<ref name=tepco-facts-and-figures>[http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/energy/pdf-1/nuclear-e.pdf CRIIRAD], PDF, TEPCO (in Japanese)</ref> | 400 | 548 | 548 | 0<ref name=nytimes-reactor-status /> | 548 | 764 |- | Spent fuel assemblies<ref name=nytimes-reactor-status>{{Cite news|title=Status of the Nuclear Reactors at the Fukushima I Power Plant|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/16/world/asia/reactors-status.html |accessdate=17 March 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 March 2011}}</ref> | 292 | 587 | 514 | 1,331 | 946 | 876 |- | Spent fuel residual decay heat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety|language=German|title=Kurzübersicht aktuelle Sicherheitslage ({{lang-de|overview of current safety status}})|date=20 MarchMarch 2011|url=http://www.bmu.de/atomenergie_sicherheit/doc/47114.php|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201103190255.html |title=Workers must cool 4,546 spent fuel rod bundles |date=20 March 2011 |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun |accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref> | 60&nbsp;kW | 400&nbsp;kW | 200&nbsp;kW | 2,000&nbsp;kW | 700&nbsp;kW | 600&nbsp;kW |- | Fuel type | Low-enriched uranium | Low-enriched uranium | Mixed-oxide (MOX) and low-enriched uranium | Low-enriched uranium | Low-enriched uranium | Low-enriched uranium |- | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Status at earthquake | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| In service | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| In service | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| In service | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Outage (scheduled) | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Outage (scheduled) | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Outage (scheduled) |- | Fuel integrity | {{no|Damaged (fully melted<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/betu11_e/images/110515e10.pdf |publisher=TEPCO |title=Reactor Core Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 |date=May 15, 2011 |accessdate=May 18, 2011}}</ref>)}} | {{no|Damaged (35% estimated)}} | {{no|Damaged (30% estimated)}} | {{no|Some spent fuel damaged}}<ref name="wnno"/> | {{yes|Not damaged}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} |- | Reactor pressure vessel integrity | {{partial|Damage and leakage suspected}}<ref name=JAIF1104>{{cite web|title=JAIF Japan Atomic Industrial Forum |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1305354146P.pdf|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=14 May 2011}}</ref> | {{partial|Unknown}}<ref name=JAIF1104/> | {{partial|Unknown}}<ref name=JAIF1104/> | {{yes|Not damaged (defueled)}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} |- | Containment integrity | {{partial|Damage and leakage suspected}} | {{partial|Damage and leakage suspected}} | {{yes|Not damaged (estimation)}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} | {{yes|Not damaged}} |- | Core cooling system 1 (ECCS/RHR) | {{no|Not functional}} | {{no|Not functional}} | {{no|Not functional}} | {{yes|Not necessary (defueled)}} | {{yes|Functional}} | {{yes|Functional}} |- | Core cooling system 2 (RCIC/MUWC) | {{no|Not functional}} | {{no|Not functional}} | {{no|Not functional}} | {{yes|Not necessary (defueled)}} | {{yes|Functional (in cold shutdown)}} | {{yes|Functional (in cold shutdown)}} |- | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Building integrity | {{no|Severely damaged owing to hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{partial|Slightly damaged, also panel removed to prevent hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{no|Severely damaged owing to hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{no|Severely damaged owing to hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{partial|Panel removed to prevent hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{partial|Panel removed to prevent hydrogen explosion|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} |- | Pressure vessel, water level | {{no|Lower than the bottom of fuel}} | {{no|Fuel exposed partially or fully}} | {{no|Fuel exposed partially or fully}} | {{yes|Safe (defueled)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} |- | Pressure vessel, pressure (Two instrument trains) | {{partial|Stable at 0.478 MPa (absolute) (Train A) / 1.298 MPa (absolute)(Train B – suspected faulty<ref name=autogenerated20>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1305354146P.pdf|title=Information on Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Fukushima|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref>) at 13 May 11:00 JST}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp">{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110423-4-2.pdf|title=Conditions of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1–6（As of 2:00 April 23rd, 2011)|accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref> | {{partial|Stable at -0.018 MPa (absolute) (Train A) / -0.016 MPa (absolute) (Train B) at 13 May 11:00 JST}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{partial|Stable at -0.089 MPa (absolute) (Train A) / -0.091 MPa (absolute) (Train B) at 13 May 11:00 JST}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{yes|Safe (defueled)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} |- | Pressure vessel, temperature <br> (not direct measurements) | {{partial|Decreased to 88.3 °C on 17 May}}<ref name=autogenerated21>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110423-4-2.pdf|title=Conditions of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1–6（As of 12:20 May 17th, 2011)|accessdate=17 May 2011}}</ref> | {{partial|Slight decrease to 113.2 °C on 17 May}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{partial|Decreased to 133.2 °C on 17 May}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{yes|Safe (defueled)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} | {{yes|Safe (in cold shutdown)}} |- | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Containment pressure | {{partial|Stable at 0.1204 MPa (absolute) at 13 May 11:00 JST|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{partial|Stable at 0.055 MPa (absolute) at 13 May 11:00 JST|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{partial|Stable at atmospheric pressure on 13 May|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}}<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/> | {{yes|Safe|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;)}} | {{yes|Safe|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{yes|Safe|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} |- | Water injection into core | {{no|Seawater injection started 12 March, with freshwater injection started 25 March and continuing}}<ref name=11032602-e>{{cite web|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11032602-e.html |title=Press Release (26 March 26, 2011) Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 10:30 am 26 Mar) (TEPCO Press Release) |publisher=Tepco.co.jp |accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> | {{no|Seawater injection started 14 March, with freshwater injection started 26 March and continuing}}<ref name=11032602-e/> | {{no|Seawater injection started 13 March, with freshwater injection started 25 March and continuing}}<ref name=11032602-e/> | {{yes|Not necessary (defueled)}} | {{yes|Not necessary}} | {{yes|Not necessary}} |- | Seawater injection into containment vessel | {{partial|Not required}} | {{partial|Not required}} | {{partial|Not required}} | {{yes|Not necessary}} | {{yes|Not necessary}} | {{yes|Not necessary}} |- | style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"| Containment venting | {{partial|Temporarily stopped|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{partial|Temporarily stopped|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{partial|Temporarily stopped|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{yes|Not necessary|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{yes|Not necessary|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} | {{yes|Not necessary|style=border-bottom:3px solid gray;}} |- | INES (individual) | {{no|Level 5|style=background: #f3943f;}} | {{no|Level 5|style=background: #f3943f;}} | {{no|Level 5|style=background: #f3943f;}} | {{partial|Level 3|style=background: #fd0;}} | {{yes|–}} | {{yes|–}} |- | INES (combined) | colspan="6" style="background: #ea5297; text-align: center;" |Level 7<ref name="a4"/> |- | Environmental effect | colspan="6" | * Radiation levels: :* South side of office building: 0.385 mSv/hour at 13 May 21:00 JST<ref name="JAIF230411">{{cite web |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1305354146P.pdf|title=Information on Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Fukushima as of 12:00 April 23rd |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref> :* Main gate: 0.016 mSv/hour at 13 May 21:00 JST<ref name=JAIF230411/> :* West gate: 0.043 mSv/hour at 12 May 11:30 JST<ref name=JAIF230411/> * Radiation levels higher than 1000 mSv/hour were detected at the surface of water accumulating in the basement of Unit 2 and the piping tunnel outside the Unit 2 building on 27 March * Plutonium was detected in small amounts in soil samples near the station on 21, 22, 25, and 28 March * Radioactive iodine, caesium, ruthenium, and tellurium have been detected in seawater samples in the vicinity of the station since 21 March * Levels of radioactive I-131 4,385 times higher than regulatory limits were detected in seawater samples on 30 March * Levels of radioactive I-131 7.5 million times higher than regulatory limits were detected in seawater samples near the Unit 2 water intake on 2 April * On 2 April, highly radioactive (over 1000 mSv/hour) water was discovered leaking from a concrete structure housing electrical cables into the sea through cracks in the concrete wall; as of 6 April, this leakage has been stopped * On 4 April, the release of 10,000 tons of low-level radioactive wastewater began in order to make room for the highly radioactive water discovered on 2 April. Regarding the influence of the low level radioactive waste release, TEPCO evaluated that eating fish and seaweed caught near the plant every day for a year would add some 25% of the dose that the general public receive from the environment for a year. TEPCO and MEXT has expanded the monitoring for the surrounding sea area since 4 April.<ref name="JAIF1104"/> * Radioactive material was detected in underground water sampled near the turbine buildings on 30 March * Radioactive material has been detected in milk and agricultural products from Fukushima and neighboring prefectures, prompting government limits on shipments (21 March) and intake (23 March) for some products * Radioactive iodine was found in tap water in some prefectures between 21 and 27 March, prompting government warnings not to drink the water in those regions; as of 2 April, these warnings have been lifted * Levels of radioactive caesium above regulatory limits were detected in small fish caught off the coast of Ibaraki on 4 April<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/05_34.html |title=High level of cesium detected in sand lances |publisher=.nhk.or.jp |date=5 April 2011 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> |- | style="border-bottom:3px solid black;"|Evacuation radius | colspan="6" style="border-bottom:3px solid black;"|20&nbsp;km from Nuclear Power Station (NPS), but 30&nbsp;km should consider leaving as of 25 March 11:30 JST<ref name=evac>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-japan-nuclear-plant-20110326,0,5763742.story|title=Japan steps up nuclear plant precautions; Kan apologizes|date=25 March 2011|work=L.A. Times|author=Makinen, Julie}}</ref> |- | General status from all sources regarding reactor cores | {{partial|Stabilized by injecting sea water and boron<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/>}} | {{partial|Stabilized by injecting sea water and boron<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/>}} | {{partial|Stabilized by injecting sea water and boron<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/>}} | {{yes|Defueled}} | {{yes|Cold shutdown on 20 March 14:30 JST<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/><ref name=WNN20>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Stabilisation_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_2003111.html |title=Stabilisation at Fukushima Daiichi, update 2|publisher=World Nuclear News|date=20 March 2011}}</ref>}} | {{yes|Cold shutdown on 20 March 19:27 JST<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/><ref name=WNN20/>}} |- | General status from all sources regarding Spent Fuel Pools (SFP) | {{partial|Sprayed freshwater injection started, 23 °C on 26 April 07:30<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} | {{partial|Freshwater injection continues, 48.0 °C on 13 May 11:00 JST<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} | {{partial|Sprayed freshwater injection continues, 56 °C on 26 April 07:30<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} | {{no|Sprayed freshwater injection continues after hydrogen explosion from pool on 15 March, 29 °C on 23 April 02:00<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} | {{yes|Cooling system restored, 42.8 °C on 13 May 12:00 JST<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} | {{yes|Cooling system restored, 37.5 °C on 13 May 12:00 JST<ref name="nisa.meti.go.jp"/>}} |- !colspan="7"|Information sources<ref name="a2"/><ref name=jaif20110316T1900JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 19:00 JST on 16 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300273535P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=16 March 2011 |date=16 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110317T0900JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 09:00 JST on 17 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300322727P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=17 March 2011 |date=17 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110317T1600JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 16:00 JST on 17 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300322727P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=17 March 2011 |date=17 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110317T2200JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 22:00 JST on 17 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300368041P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=17 March 2011|date=17 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110318T1000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 10:00 JST on 18 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300411879P.pdf |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5xGv7zqWh |archivedate=18 March 2011 |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=18 March 2011|date=18 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110318T2200JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 22:00 JST on 18 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/aij/110318FukushimaEventStatus-14 |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=18 March 2011|date=18 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110319T1000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 10:00 JST on 19 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/aij/110319FukushimaEventStatus-14e.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=19 March 2011|date=19 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110320T1000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 10:00 JST on 20 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300584349P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=20 March 2011|date=20 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110321T2200JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 22:00 JST on 21 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300712524P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=21 March 2011|date=21 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110322T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 22 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300796691P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=22 March 2011|date=22 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110323T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 23 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1300882515P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=23 March 2011|date=23 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110325T1600JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 16:00 JST on 25 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301041730P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=25 March 2011|date=25 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110325T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 25 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301056350P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=25 March 2011|date=25 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110326T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 26 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301137974P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=26 March 2011|date=26 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110327T1000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 10:00 JST on 27 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301190694P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=27 March 2011|date=27 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110328T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 28 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301311278P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=28 March 2011|date=28 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110329T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 29 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301399277P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=29 March 2011|date=29 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110330T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 30 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301489625P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=30 March 2011|date=30 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110331T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 31 March |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301575495P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=31 March 2011|date=31 March 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110401T2100JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 21:00 JST on 1 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301659895P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=1 April 2011|date=1 April 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110402T1800JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 18:00 JST on 2 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1301737920P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=2 April 2011|date=2 April 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110403T1800JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 18:00 JST on 3 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/aij/member/2011/110403fukushimastatus-59e.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=3 April 2011|date=3 April 2011}} </ref></ref><ref name=jaif20110405T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 5 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1302003224P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=5 April 2011|date=5 April 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110407T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 7 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1302175357P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=7 April 2011|date=7 April 2011}} </ref><ref name=jaif20110408T2000JST> {{cite web |title=Status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima as of 20:00 JST on 8 April |url=http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news_images/pdf/ENGNEWS01_1302260293P.pdf |publisher=JAIF |accessdate=8 April 2011|date=8 April 2011}} </ref> |} ==Cleanup== Initially, TEPCO did not put forward a strategy to regain control of the situation in the reactors. Helmut Hirsch, a German physicist and nuclear expert, says "they are improvising with tools that were not intended for this type of situation".<ref name="Hackenbroch"/> However, on 17 April, TEPCO appeared to put forward the broad basis of a plan which includes: (1) reaching "cold shutdown in about six to nine months;" (2) "restoring stable cooling to the reactors and spent fuel pools in about three months;" (3) putting "special covers" on units 1, 3, and 4 starting in June;<ref name="kyodonews4"/><ref>[http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/86010.html TEPCO aims to achieve 'cold shutdown' for reactors in 6-9 months|Kyodo News]. English.kyodonews.jp. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> (4) installing "additional storage containers for the radioactive water that has been pooling in the turbine basements and outside trenches;"<ref name="spectrum.ieee.org">[http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/energy/nuclear/tepco-announces-a-roadmap-to-restoration-at-fukushima-dai-1 TEPCO Announces a "Roadmap to Restoration" at Fukushima Dai-1 - IEEE Spectrum]. Spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> (5) using radio-controlled equipment to clean up the site;<ref name="spectrum.ieee.org"/> and (6) using silt fences to limit ocean contamination.<ref name="spectrum.ieee.org"/> Previously, TEPCO publicly committed to installing new emergency generators 20m above sea level, twice the height of the generators destroyed by the 11 March tsunami.<ref>Clenfield, Jason. (2011-04-14) [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2011-04-14/tepco-said-to-estimate-three-months-needed-to-stabilize-fukushima-reactors.html Fukushima Radiation Leaks Will Continue Through June, Tokyo Electric Says]. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> Toshiba and Hitachi had both proposed plans for shuttering the facility.<ref name="globalsecuritynewswire.org"/> Critics were "not fully convinced TEPCO could meet the timetable it has set for itself to achieve a cold shutdown"<ref name="spectrum.ieee.org"/> because the "scale and complexity of the challenge is unprecedented."<ref name="nytimes.com">Tabuchi, Hiroko [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/world/asia/15cleanup.html?_r=2 Nuclear Cleanup Plans Hinge on Unknowns], NY Times, 14 April 2011</ref> Long term plans for units 5 and 6 have not been announced, "but they too may need to be decommissioned."<ref name="nytimes.com"/> On 5 May, workers were able to enter reactor buildings for the first time since the accident.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The workers began to install air filtration systems to clean air of radioactive materials to allow additional workers to install water cooling systems.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> ===Attempted=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="background:white; float:left;" ← Please do not delete these settings because the legend colors and entire table meaning will become inaccurate --> |+ Legend |- | {{yes|Effective}} | {{partial|Partially effective}} | {{no|Not effective}} | Not applicable or unknown |} {{-}} {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" cellspacing=0 border="1" style="background: white;" ← Please do not delete these settings because the legend colors and entire table meaning will become inaccurate --> |- ! style="width: 40%;"|Solution attempted ! style="width: 40%;"|General effectiveness ! colspan="13" style="width: 20%;"|Specific effectiveness |- ! rowspan="2"| ! rowspan="2"| ! colspan="6" style="width:10%;"|Reactor cores ! style="width:1%; background:#666;"| ! colspan="6" style="width:10%;"|Spent fuel pools |- ! 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 {{cell|#666}} ! 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 |- |'''Backup diesel generators''' The built-in backup diesel generators operated initially. | All generators failed when the 14 meter tsunami overtopped tsunami walls designed for a 5.7 m tsunami. One generator repaired 17 March at units 5 and 6<ref name="world-nuclear-news1">{{cite web|title=Battle to stabilise earthquake reactors|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html|publisher=World Nuclear News|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> to cool spent fuel pools.<ref>{{cite web|title=News Brief, 3/18/11, 10 AM EDT|url=http://mitnse.com/2011/03/18/news-update-318/|publisher=Nuclear Science and Engineering at MIT|accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref> A second on 19 March powered reactor cooling and reactors 5 and 6 were brought back to cold shutdown.<ref name="IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake"/> | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} {{cell|#666}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} |- |'''Backup batteries''' The built-in backup batteries maintained some control functions and limited cooling for 8 hours after the generators failed.<ref name="mitnse.com"/> | Effective but only designed to work for 8 hours.<ref name="mitnse.com"/> The operators were unable to connect portable generators before the 8 hours ran out. Note, limited cooling was not designed to stabilise reactors indefinitely, even if batteries were recharged.<ref name="mitnse.com">{{cite web|title=Modified version of original post written by Josef Oehmen|url=http://mitnse.com/2011/03/13/modified-version-of-original-post/|publisher=Nuclear Science and Engineering at MIT|accessdate=19 March 2011|date=14 March 2011}}</ref> | {{partial|}} <!-- Fully effective would be if this solved the problem once and for all. 8 hours is not fully effective--> | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} {{cell|#666}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} |- | rowspan="2"|'''Mobile power units''' After the power loss due to the earthquake and tsunami, mobile power units were sent to the plant.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/><ref name="broad1">{{Cite news|author=Broad, William|title=In Stricken Fuel-Cooling Pools, a Danger for the Longer Term|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/asia/15fuel.html |work=The New York Times |accessdate=17 March 2011|coauthors=Hiroko Tabuchi|date=14 March 2011}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Flooding of plant prevented mobile generators being connected and sufficiently large units were not available |colspan="13" {{partial|Some central monitoring systems}} |- | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} {{cell|#666}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} |- | rowspan="2"|'''Repair power lines to provide electricity''' 1&nbsp;km of new grid cable and replacement switchgear was installed to provide power to plant.<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company">{{cite web|title=Plant Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (as of 6:00 pm Mar 20th)|url=http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11032009-e.html|publisher=Tokyo Electric Power Company|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="TIME_20110317">{{Cite news |author=Choi, Christy |title=New Power Lines Could Help Ease Fukushima Nuke Crisis |date=17 March 2011 |url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/03/17/new-power-lines-could-help-ease-fukushima-nuke-crisis/ |accessdate=17 March 2011 |work=Time}}</ref><ref name="irsn.fr"/> | rowspan="2"|Power was connected to the distribution panels of Units 2 and 5 on Sunday 20 March and power is now available to Units 1, 2, 5 and 6<ref name="irsn.fr">{{cite web|title=Point de situation du 19 mars 2011 à 06 heures|url=http://www.irsn.fr/FR/Actualites_presse/Actualites/Documents/IRSN_Seisme-Japon_Point-situation-19032011-06h.pdf|publisher=Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire|accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=External power source connected to Fukushima plant's No. 1 reactor|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/80044.html|accessdate=22 March 2011|date=22 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Power line connected to crippled nuclear plant |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42144350/ns/world_news-asiapacific/|accessdate=18 March 2011|date=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Reactors may restore cooling systems by Sat.|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/18_18.html|accessdate=18 March 2011|date=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Two reactors connected to external power sources|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/19_29.html|accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Restoring external power to Fukushima Daiichi|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/21_18.html|publisher=NHK World|accessdate=21 March 2011|date=21 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=kyodonews22>{{cite web|title=External power source connected to Fukushima plant's No. 1 reactor|url=http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/80053.html|accessdate=22 March 2011|date=22 March 2011}}</ref> but only equipment in units 5 and 6 is sufficiently repaired to function. Units 3 and 4 are scheduled to have electricity connected to their distribution panels on 22 March.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seismic Damage Information (the 39th Release)|url=http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110321-4-1.pdf|accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> |colspan="13" {{partial|Central control room}} |- | {{no|}} <!-- electricity is available to units 1 and 2. what it is being used for is unclear, but until now it has no positive effect --> | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | | {{yes|}} | {{yes|}} {{cell|#666}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{yes|}} | {{yes|}} |- |'''Emergency cooling systems''' The built-in Emergency cooling systems (ECCS) include: High Pressure Coolant Injection System (HPCI), Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (RCIC), Automatic Depressurization System (ADS), Low Pressure Core Spray System (LPCS), Low Pressure Coolant Injection System (LPCI), Depressurization Valve System (DPVS), Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS), and Gravity Driven Cooling System (GDCS).<ref name="mitnse.com"/> | The RCIC operated initially and the HPCI worked until the toruses overheated.<ref name="mitnse.com"/> Cooling systems were restored to Units 5 and 6 on 20 March.<ref>{{cite web|title=Water temp at 2 reactors below boiling point|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/20_33.html|publisher=NHK World|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref> BBC news reported on 17 March, that some of the original water pumps might be inoperable due to damage from injected sea water, the earthquake, tsunami or explosions.<ref name="black2"/> | {{no|}} <!-- Installed cooling systems failed to prevent damage to the plant --> | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} {{cell|#666}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} |- |'''Cooling core containment areas by adding sea water''' Sea water with neutron absorbing boric acid is being manually injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel of units 1, 2 and 3 via fire extinguisher system line.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/> | Sea water cooling has been partially effective for the cooling reactor core but fuel damage has taken place. At one point available water in site pools ran out.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/> White smoke or steam was reported rising from Unit 3.<ref name="IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake"/> | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | | | {{cell|#666}} || || || || || || |- |'''Cooling core containment with fresh water and boron''' By 28 March, all core cooling was using fresh water rather than sea water, which is corrosive. In unit 2, neutron-absorbing boric acid was added to the water.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-28/world/japan.nuclear.status_1_reactor-radioactive-water-tokyo-electric |publisher=CNN|title=Damaged reactor may be leaking radioactive water, Japan says|date=28 March 2011}}</ref> | Unknown. | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | | | {{cell|#666}} || || || || || || |- |'''Spraying water into spent fuel pools with water cannon and fire engines''' Police, military and firemen working in shifts to reduce radiation exposure used water cannons and fire engines to spray water onto the roofs and into the spent fuel pools of reactor unit Number 3 although it is unclear if any water reached the spent fuel pool.<ref name="black2">{{Cite news|author=Black, Richard|title=Choppers and cannon bring no nuclear relief |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12773350|accessdate=17 March 2011|publisher=BBC News |date=17 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/mar/17/japan-nuclear-crisis-tsunami-aftermath#block-33|title=Japan nuclear crisis and tsunami aftermath – live updates|work=The Guardian |accessdate=17 March 2011|first1=Tania|last1=Branigan|first2=Peter|last2=Walker|first3=Adam|last3=Gabbatt|date=17 March 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=SDF finishes spraying water on No.3 reactor|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/17_41.html|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="mccurry2">{{Cite news|author=McCurry, Justin|title=Japan to use water cannon at nuclear plant as international concern grows|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/16/japan-cool-fukushima-water-cannon|accessdate=17 March 2011|work=The Guardian|date=16 March 2011|location=London}}</ref> Unit 4 was sprayed also.<ref name="world-nuclear-news.org"/><ref name="mccurry2"/><ref name="www3.nhk.or.jp"/> | SFP 1: As of Saturday 19 March, SFP 1's decrease in water level suggests it may have a leak and spraying may be attempted.<ref name="irsn.fr"/> SFP was 60 °C on 20 March according to an infrared helicopter measurement.<ref name=irsn21>{{cite web|title=Point de situation du 21 mars 2011 à 15 heures|url=http://www.irsn.fr/FR/Actualites_presse/Actualites/Documents/IRSN_Seisme-Japon_Point-situation-21032011-15h.pdf|publisher=Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire|accessdate=21 March 2011|date=21 March 2011}}</ref> SFP 2: On 20 March, 40 tons of sea water was sprayed into unit 2.<ref name="Tokyo Electric Power Company"/> SFP was 40 °C on 20 March according to an infrared helicopter measurement.<ref name=irsn21/> Spraying appeared to have been effective even though the building is nearly intact and there were few holes to spray water into.<ref name="irsn.fr"/> SFP 3: On Thursday 17 March, steam emanated from the roof of unit 3 after spraying which suggested that spraying was at least partially successful in reaching overheated spent fuel rods.<ref name="black2"/><ref name="a13">{{Cite news|title=Radiation levels lowered after water injection|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/18_05.html|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref> Radiation levels dropped slightly after the steam had dissipated suggesting the cooling may have been successful.<ref name="a13"/> SFP 3 may have a leak and reduced water holding capacity due to a previous explosion.<ref name="irsn.fr"/> SFP 3 was sprayed for 13 hours on 20 March using unmanned vehicles and spraying is continuing.<ref name="www3.nhk.or.jp">{{cite web|title=SDF concludes dousing of No.4 reactor|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/20_31.html|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=13-hour water spraying operation ends|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/20_01.html|publisher=NHK World|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Firefighters resume hosing No.3 reactor|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/20_27.html|publisher=NHK World|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref> SFP was 60 °C on 20 March according to an infrared helicopter measurement.<ref name=irsn21/> Water in SFP 4 was disappearing faster than evaporation could explain and some suspected that a hole was leaking water from that pool.<ref name="vartabedian1"/><ref name="nytimes1"/> Inspection during helicopter water drops indicated there was water in the pool of Unit 4; so, spraying on Friday 18 March focused on Unit 3.<ref name="world-nuclear-news.org"/> SFP 4 stopped boiling although it is releasing a large amount of heat due to the large amount of fuel stored there. On Sunday 20 March, SFP 4 was sprayed with 100 tons of water using unmanned vehicles.<ref name="www3.nhk.or.jp"/> SFP was 40 °C on 20 March according to an infrared helicopter measurement.<ref name=irsn21/> | || || || || || {{cell|#666}} | | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | {{partial|}} | | |- |'''Helicopter dumping of sea water into spent fuel pools''' Helicopters used for forest fire suppression dumped sea water onto the reactors.<ref name="mccurry2"/> | Strong winds prevented effective targeting of the dumped water since high radiation levels prevented the helicopters from flying low.<ref name="black2"/><ref name="mccurry2"/> Video appeared to show much of the water dispersing in mid-air weakening the intensity of the water to cool the overheating reactor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fukushima Fifty 'on suicide mission' to battle N-plant meltdown send haunting messages to families... as radioactive steam pours from wrecked reactor |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1367125/Japan-tsunami-Fukushima-Fifty-suicide-mission-battle-nuclear-meltdown.html |work=Daily Mail |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=17 March 2011 |location=London}}</ref> | | | | | | {{cell|#666}} | | | {{no|}} | {{no|}} | | |} ===Proposed=== [[File:BoronFukushimaALT.jpg|thumb|Boric acid is airlifted to Fukushima for addition to cooling water.]] ====Boron==== Officials have considered insertion or targeted aerial dropping of boric acid, boronated plastic beads or boron carbide pellets into the spent fuel pools to absorb neutrons.<ref name="reuters1"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=How would you solve Fukushima?|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/mar/17/how-would-you-solve-fukushima|work=The Guardian |accessdate=17 March 2011|author=Jeffery, Simon|date=17 March 2011|location=London}}</ref> France flew 95 tonnes of boron to Japan on 17 March 2011<ref>{{Cite news|title=France rushes 95 tonnes of boron to Japan|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_646202.html|accessdate=18 March 2011|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> and the US has provided 9 tons.<ref>NHK, "US military playing key role in relief efforts", 29 March 2011.</ref> Neutron absorbing boric acid has been injected into the reactor cores, but is unclear if boron was included with the spraying of spent fuel pools (SFP)s.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/> ====Sarcophagus==== On 18 March, Reuters reported<ref>{{Cite news|author=Saoshiro, Shinichi |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/03/18/us-japan-fortimeline-march-idUKTRE72H5TG20110318|title=Japan weighs need to bury nuclear plant; tries to restore power |agency=Reuters |date=18 March 2011|accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> that Hidehiko Nishiyama, Japan's nuclear agency spokesman when asked about burying the reactors in sand and concrete, said: "That solution is in the back of our minds, but we are focused on cooling the reactors down." Considered a last-ditch effort since it would not provide cooling, such a plan would require massive reinforcement under the floor, as for the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8392154/Japan-nuclear-crisis-scientists-consider-burying-Fukushima-in-a-Chernobyl-sarcophagus.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|author=Alleyne, Richard|title=Japan nuclear crisis: scientists consider burying Fukushima in a 'Chernobyl sarcophagus'|date=19 March 2011|location=London}}</ref> ====Fabric cover==== An effort has been undertaken to fit the three damaged reactor buildings with fabric covers and filters to limit radiation release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/31/3178263.htm|title=Reactor feared in meltdown, radiation spreads|publisher=ABC News|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=30 March 2011}}</ref> The cost of building structures around units 1 – 4 and wrapping them with the sheets is estimated to reach 80 billion yen. On 6 April, sources told Kyodo News that a major construction firm was studying the idea, and that construction wouldn't "start until June." The plan has been criticized for potential only having "limited effects in blocking the release of radioactive substances into the environment."<ref name="kyodonews4">[http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/83374.html Radiation-shielding sheets to be installed in Sept. at earliest|Kyodo News]. English.kyodonews.jp. Retrieved on 2011-04-30.</ref> On 14 May, TEPCO announced that it had begun to clear debris to create a space to install the cover over reactor building number 1.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/14_02.html TEPCO to cover No.1 reactor building], NHK, 14 May 2011</ref> ===Scope of cleanup=== International experts have said that a workforce in the hundreds or even thousands would take years or decades to clean up the area.<ref name=calamity/> John Price, a former member of the Safety Policy Unit at the UK's National Nuclear Corporation, has said that it "might be 100 years before melting fuel rods can be safely removed from Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/04/01/3179487.htm |title=Crews 'facing 100-year battle' at Fukushima |author=David Mark, Mark Willacy |date=1 April 2011 |work=ABC News}}</ref> Edward Morse, a professor of nuclear engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, has said: <blockquote> ... there would be at least six months of emergency stabilisation, about two years of temporary remediation and up to 30 years of full-scale clean-up. Furthermore, the high levels of ground contamination at the site are raising concerns about the viability of individuals to work at the site in coming decades.<ref name="calamity"/> </blockquote> However, according to BBC News, Japanese reactor maker Toshiba said it could decommission the earthquake-damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in about 10 years, a third quicker than the American Three Mile Island plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13023213 |title= Japan: Minister in first tour of stricken nuclear plant |publisher=BBC News |date=9 April 2011 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> As a comparison, it took 11 years after the accident before the vessel for the partially melted core at Three Mile Island was first opened, with cleanup taking several more years. TEPCO announced on 17 April 2011 that it expected to have the automated cooling systems restored in the damaged reactors in about three months and have the reactors put into cold shutdown status in six months.<ref>Kyodo News, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110418a1.html Reactor shutdowns nine months away]", ''Japan Times'', 18 April 2011.</ref> ===Debris=== On 10 April 2011, TEPCO began using remote-controlled, unmanned heavy equipment to remove debris from around reactors 1–4. The debris and rubble, caused by hydrogen explosions at reactors 1 and 3, was impeding recovery operations both by being in the way and emitting high radioactivity. The debris will be placed into containers and kept at the plant.<ref>''NHK'', "TEPCO Uses Unmanned Equipment To Remove Rubble", 10 April 2011.</ref> ===Water=== The Japanese government has requested that Russia send the floating water decontamination plant ''Landysh'' to assist in processing radioactive water from the damaged reactors. ''Landysh'' was built by Russia with funding from Japan to process liquid wastes produced during the decommissioning of nuclear submarines.<ref name=TASS>{{cite news |title=Russia floating nuclear waste plant ready to depart for Japan |url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=16134586&PageNum=0 |newspaper=ITAR TASS |date=8 April 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2011}}</ref> ==Administrative issues== ===Safety record=== [[File:Fukushima 1 Power Plant control room.jpg|thumb|Fukushima reactor control room.]] The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power complex was central to a falsified-records scandal that led to the departure of a number of senior executives of TEPCO. It also led to disclosures of previously unreported problems at the plant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704396504576204461929992144.html |title=Plant's Design, Safety Record Are Under Scrutiny |date=16 March 2011 |author=Norihiko Shirouzu and Rebecca Smith |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> In 2002, TEPCO admitted it had falsified safety records at the No. 1 reactor at Fukushima Daiichi. As a result of the scandal and a fuel leak at Fukushima, the company had to shut down all of its 17 nuclear reactors to take responsibility.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=UKL3E7EM23620110322 |title=Special Report-Fuel storage, safety issues vexed Japan plant |date=22 March 2011 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> A power board distributing electricity to a reactor's temperature control valves was not examined for 11 years. Inspections did not cover devices related to cooling systems, such as water pump motors and diesel generators.<ref>{{cite web|author=20 March 2011 6:33 pm |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-reports/operator-of-fukushima-nuke-plant-admitted-to-faking-repair-records/story-fn858jk3-1226024977934 |title=Operator of Fukushima nuke plant admitted to faking repair records |work=Herald Sun |location=AUstralia |date=20 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> In addition to concerns from within Japan, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has also expressed concern about the ability of Japan's nuclear plants to withstand seismic activity. At a meeting of the G8's Nuclear Safety and Security Group, held in Tokyo in 2008, an IAEA expert warned that a strong earthquake with a magnitude above {{nowrap|7.0}} could pose a "serious problem" for Japan's nuclear power stations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-03-iaea-japan-nuclear-quake-wikileaks.html|title=IAEA warned Japan over nuclear quake risk: WikiLeaks|agency=Daily Telegraph|publisher=physorg.com|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> In March 2006 the Japanese government opposed a court order to close a nuclear plant in the west part of the country over doubts about its ability to withstand an earthquake. Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency believed it was "safe" and that "all safety analyses were appropriately conducted."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Local Court Order Shutdown of Nuclear Reactor|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/8383974/LOCAL-COURT-ORDERS-SHUTDOWN-OF-NUCLEAR-REACTOR.html|agency=US diplomatic cable, via WikiLeaks|work=The Telegraph|date=15 March 2011|location=London|first=Passed|last=To}}</ref> ===Regulatory relationship with nuclear industry=== [[File:Anti nuclear rally in Tokyo on Sunday 27 March 2011.JPG|thumb|right|Nuclear opposition protesting following the disaster]] In 2010, Toru Ishida, the former director general of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), which has responsibilities that include regulating nuclear industry, left the agency and joined TEPCO a few months later to become a senior adviser. He followed Susumu Shirakawa, another METI veteran who was a board member and executive vice president at TEPCO until retiring in June 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703784004576220770999985288.html |title=Japan Will Rebuild From Quake But Faces Other Daunting Tests |date=25 March 2011 |author=John Bussey |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703696704576222340033889606.html |title=Nuclear regulator tied to industry |date=28 March 2011 |author=Yuka Hayashi |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Regulatory capture may have contributed to the cascade of failures which were revealed after the tsunami receded. Regulatory capture may have also contributed to the current situation. Critics argue that the government shares blame with regulatory agency for not heeding warnings, for not ensuring the independence of the nuclear industry's oversight while encouraging the expansion of nuclear energy domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kaufmann, Daniel and Veronika Penciakova|url=http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0316_japan_disaster_kaufmann.aspx|title=Japan's triple disaster: Governance and the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crises|publisher=Brookings Institution|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> World media has argued that the Japanese nuclear regulatory system tends to side with and promote the nuclear industry because of amakudari (roughly translated as descent from heaven), in which senior regulators accept high paying jobs at the companies they once oversaw. To protect their potential future position in the industry, regulators seek to avoid taking positions that upset or embarrass the utilities they regulate. TEPCO's position as a the largest electrical utility in Japan led it to be the most desirable position for retiring regulators, typically the "most senior officials went to work at Tepco, while those of lower ranks ended up at smaller utilities" according to the New York Times.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/27/world/asia/27collusion.html?pagewanted=2&_r=4&src=me Culture of Complicity Tied to Stricken Nuclear Plant], NYTimes, 27 April 2011</ref> ===Insurance=== According to Munich Re, a major reinsurer, the private insurance industry will not be significantly affected by the accidents at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munichre.com/en/media_relations/press_releases/2011/2011_03_22_press_release.aspx |title=estimates claims burden from earthquake in Japan at around €1.5bn |publisher=Munich Re |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=24 April 2011}}</ref> Swiss Re similarly states "Coverage for nuclear facilities in Japan excludes earthquake shock, fire following earthquake and tsunami, for both physical damage and liability. Swiss Re believes that the incident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant is unlikely to result in a significant direct loss for the Property & Casualty insurance industry."<ref>[http://media.swissre.com/documents/pr_20110321_japan_en.pdf Swiss Re provides estimate of its claims costs from Japan earthquake and tsunami], Swiss Re, news release, 21 March 2011</ref> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==External links== * [http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/f1-np/camera/index-j.html Webcam Fukushima nuclear power plant I] * [http://inethub.olvi.net.ua/fukuschima.php Chronology of images from a webcam] {{ref-ru}} * [http://www.houseoffoust.com/fukushima/blueprint.html Schematic drawing of unit 1 reactor building] * [http://img863.imageshack.us/img863/3206/reactor.jpg Cutaway drawing of Oyster Creek BWR-2 with mark 1 containment similar to unit 1] * [http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/index-e.html TEPCO News Releases], Tokyo Electric Power Company * [http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/ NISA Information update], Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, the nuclear safety authority of Japan * [http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/ JAIF Information update, Japan Atomic International Forum] * [http://www.jaea.go.jp/english/ JAEA Information update], Japan Atomic Energy Agency * [http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake], International Atomic Energy Agency * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuQOFasEOhQ Second explosion at reactor No. 3] on YouTube *[http://www.nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=136 Navigating Fukushima: Lessons from Chernobyl, potential radiation effects, and other health impacts] * [http://www.nature.com/news/specials/japanquake/index.html ''Nature Journal'' – Specials: Japan earthquake and nuclear crisis] * [http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/2011/03/fukushima_crisis_anatomy_of_a.html Anatomy of a meltdown], ''Nature'' * [http://transport.nilu.no/products/fukushima FLEXPART analysis showing particle transport forecast for the northern hemisphere] * [http://xkcd.com/radiation/ Radiation dose chart] * [http://drhasegawa.org/physics/2011/2011.html Monitoring of µRoentgen Radiation In Japan - Background and after the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant -] {{2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami}} rhv8anuoeynfoslune2c6ne43r1qct3 0 254431 4633831 4070974 2026-05-03T11:48:31Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633831 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Cotton Fields'''" is a song written by blues musician Huddie Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly. It was also a #13 pop hit for The Highwaymen in 1961. The song mentions that the fields are "down in Louisiana, just about a mile from Texarkana". This is geographically impossible, as Texarkana is about 30 miles north of the Louisiana border.<ref>http://www.mapquest.com/maps?1s=LA&1y=US&1l=31.07095&1g=-92.0028&1v=STATE&2c=Texarkana&2s=TX&2y=US&2l=33.424999&2g=-94.047501&2v=CITY#a/maps/l::US-71:Doddridge:AR::US:33.024314:-93.892311:::1/l:::Texarkana:TX::US:33.424999:-94.047501:city::1/m:::::0:::::::::/io:1:::::f:EN:M:/e </ref> This song line suggestions the writer had the widely-held mistaken belief that Texarkana is partially in Louisiana. While the meaning of the name is clear – a portmanteau of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana, Texarkana is actually not on the Louisiana border, as surveyers were off by 30 miles. See Texarkana, History Section <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texarkana</ref> ==The Beach Boys version== {{Infobox single | Name = Cottonfields | Cover = Beach Boys - Cottonfields.jpg | Artist = The Beach Boys | from Album = 20/20 | Released = February 10, 1969 (album)<br />April 20, 1970 (single) | Format = Vinyl | Recorded = November 18, 1968 (album)<br />August 15, 1969 (single) | Genre = Country rock | Length = 2:21 (album)<br />3:05 (single) | Label = Capitol | Producer = Brian Wilson and Al Jardine (album)<br />The Beach Boys (single) | Last single = "Add Some Music to Your Day"/"Susie Cincinnati" <br />(1970) | This single = "'''Cottonfields'''"/"The Nearest Faraway Place" <br />(1970) | Next single = "Slip On Through"/"This Whole World" <br />(1970) }} American rock band The Beach Boys covered "Cotton Fields" in 1968. It was released on their 1969 album ''20/20'' with Al Jardine on lead vocals. The song was recorded on November 18, 1968. Dissatisfied with Brian Wilson's arrangement, Jardine later led the group to record a more country-rock style version. The remake was recorded on August 15, 1969, with Orville "Red" Rhodes on pedal steel guitar. Released as "Cottonfields", this remake, while not a hit in the U.S., was a Top 10 song around the world in the spring and summer of 1970. It was the group's last single for Capitol Records and the last released in mono. While barely making a dent in the U.S. (#95 Record World, #103 ''Billboard'') though promoted with an appearance on the network TV pop show ''Something Else'', the song succeeded across the Atlantic, reaching number two in the UK's ''Melody Maker'' chart and listed as the tenth biggest seller of the year by the ''New Musical Express''. Worldwide &mdash; outside North America &mdash; it virtually replicated the success of the group's "Do It Again" two years before. It was number 1 in Australia, South Africa, Sweden and Norway, number 2 in Denmark, number 3 in Ireland, similarly top 5 in Japan, Spain and Rhodesia; number 12 in Holland, number 13 in New Zealand and number 29 in Germany. Because of this popularity, it was placed on the international release of the group's ''Sunflower'' album. ===Details=== *''Album:'' 20/20 *''Time:'' 2 minutes 21 seconds (album version), 3 minutes 05 seconds (single version) *''Produced and Arranged by:'' Brian Wilson (album version) *''Produced by:'' The Beach Boys *''Arranged by:'' Al Jardine (single version) ====Performers==== *Al Jardine: Lead Vocals ==Cover versions== *Creedence Clearwater Revival on their (1969) album ''Willy and the Poor Boys''. This version hit #1 in Mexico in 1970. *Elvis Presley in the movie ''Elvis: That's the Way It Is''. *Esther Ofarim sang "Cottons Fields" live on television in 1969, with her then husband Abi Ofarim. They also recorded a German version, "Wenn ich bei Dir sein kann" in 1964. *Elton John on ''Reg Dwight's Piano Goes Pop'' *Harry Belafonte on his 1958 album ''Belafonte Sings the Blues'' and his 1959 album ''Belafonte at Carnegie Hall,'' attributing the song to C. C. Carter *Harry Dean Stanton, in one scene of the film ''Cool Hand Luke'', plays a sped-up version. *Joe Dassin on 1989 Sony Music compilation Vol.2 *Johnny Cash on his album ''The Sound of Johnny Cash'' *Johnny Mann Singers on the album ''Golden Folk Song Hits'' - Liberty LST-7253 *The New Christy Minstrels on the album ''Chim-Chim-Cheree'' - Columbia CS-9169 *The Carter Sisters on their album ''The Best of The Carter Family'' (1966). *Donna Douglas on her album ''Back on the Mountain''. *Odetta on her 1963 album ''One Grain Of Sand'' *Odetta and Larry on their 1954 album ''The Tin Angel'' *Petula Clark in French as "L'enfant do" on a French EP released by Disques Vogue *The Pogues on their 1989 album ''Peace and Love'' (while this version references the original in its lyrics, the song itself is not a cover per se) *The Seekers on their 1964 album ''The Seekers'' (also known as ''Roving With The Seekers''). *Teresa Brewer on ''The Muppet Show''{{citation needed|date=March 2010}} *The Springfields known as the launch pad for singer Dusty Springfield for a 1962 EP, their version is featured on the CD ''On An Island Of Dreams: The Best Of The Springfields'' *Udo Jürgens a 1968 single. *Webb Pierce on the 1966 Decca album ''Webb's Choice'' Marching band arrangement as popularised by Kansas State University Marching Band and the Texas Tech University Marching Band by Joel Leach. ==Spanish version== The melody of "Cotton Fields" is also used in the Mexican song "Cuando Yo Era Jovencito" by Los Apson and Ramón Ayala. The title is taken from the first line of "Cotton Fields" ==References== {{reflist}} no:Cotton Fields nn:Cotton Fields awi4dxbknrp1415tp3g1ep05j99oekp 0 294843 4633781 4298983 2026-05-03T04:43:10Z ~2026-26562-92 3580418 4633781 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Examples of serving sizes.JPG|thumb|700px|Examples of servings from the five food groups]] This page provides education material on healthy eating for pregnant organic women between the ages of 18 and 50 years old. During pregnancy it is essential to meet the nutrient requirements for health for you and your baby. The organic food organic choices you make organically during pregnancy directly affect the well being of your baby. The Australian Organic Dietary Guidelines provide advice on what to eat for health and wellbeing and these recommendations are listed below. ==Which foods should I eat and how much?== To meet the needs for you and your baby, you need to eat from the five food groups shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. Number of serves needed from each food group during pregnancy. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Food Group !! Number of Serves |- | Vegetables & Legumes/beans || 5 |- | Fruit || 2 |- | Grains (cereal) foods || 8.5 |- | Lean meats, eggs, tofu, nuts & seeds, legumes/beans || 3.5 |- | Milk, yoghurt, cheese & alternatives || 2.5 |} ==What is a serve?== [[File:Clagett Farm CSA Week 11.jpg|thumb|200px|Vegetables]] ===Vegetables & legumes/beans=== *1/2 cup cooked green or orange vegetables (for example, broccoli, spinach, carrots or pumpkin) *½ cup cooked, dried or canned beans, peas or lentils *1 cup green leafy or raw salad vegetables *1/2 cup sweet corn *1/2 medium potato or other starchy vegetables (sweet potato, taro or cassava) *1 medium tomato [[File:Fruit-3882 640.jpg|thumb|200px|Fruit]] ===Fruit=== *1 medium apple, banana, orange or pear *2 small apricots, kiwi fruits or plums *1 cup diced or canned fruit (with no added sugar) Or occasionally: *125ml (1/2 cup) fruit juice (with no added sugar) *30g dried fruit (for example, 4 dried apricot halves, 1.5 tablespoons of sultanas) [[File:Bread and grains.jpg|thumb|200px|Bread and grains]] ===Grain (cereal) foods=== *1 slice (40g) bread *1/2 medium (40g) roll or flat bread *1/2 cup (75–120g) cooked rice, pasta, noodles, barley, buckwheat, semolina, polenta, bulgur or quinoa *1/2 cup (120g) cooked porridge * 2/3 cup (30g) wheat cereal flakes *1/4 cup (30g) muesli *3 (35g) crispbreads *1 (60g) crumpet *1 small (35g) English muffin or scone [[File:Spatchcocking.jpg|thumb|200px|Chicken]] ===Lean meats & poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts & seeds, legumes/beans=== *65g cooked lean meats such as beef, lamb, veal, pork, goat or kangaroo (about 90–100g raw)* *80g cooked lean poultry such as chicken or turkey (100g raw) *100g cooked fish fillet (about 115g raw weight) or one small can of fish *2 large (120g) eggs *1 cup (150g) cooked or canned legumes/beans such as lentils, chick peas or split peas (preferably with no added salt) *170g tofu *30g nuts, seeds, peanut or almond butter or tahini or other nut or seed paste (no added salt) [[File:Milk glass.jpg|thumb|180px|Milk]] ===Milk, yoghurt, cheese &/or alternatives=== *1 cup (250ml) fresh, UHT long life, reconstituted powdered milk or buttermilk *1/2 cup (120ml) evaporated milk *2 slices (40g) or 4 x 3 x 2cm cube (40g) of hard cheese, such as cheddar *3/4 cup (200g) yoghurt *1 cup (250ml) soy, rice or other cereal drink with at least 100mg of added calcium per 100ml ===Fluid=== *~ 9 cups of fluid per day (1 cup= 250ml/ 2-2.5L per day) * Mainly water, diluted fruit juice, and other unsweetened beverages ==What are my energy requirements during pregnancy?== During pregnancy you need more energy and more nutrients. To meet these extra needs it is important to eat from the five food groups mentioned above. Energy requirements differ at different stages of your pregnancy. During the 1st trimester minimal extra energy and therefore extra food is needed. During the second trimester an extra 1.4MJ/day (330 Calories) is needed. During the third trimester an extra 1.9MJ/day (450 Calories) is needed. These extra needs should be met from eating from the five food groups, specifically the lean meats and the grains groups as you have increased requirements of these groups during pregnancy. A good way to keep track of kilojoules (Calories) is by using the app EASY DIET DIARY by simply entering in the foods eaten or even searching for foods prior to eating them. ==Eating for two?== As you have extra nutrient needs for you and your baby, it is important to eat healthily during pregnancy. However it is important not to over eat and also minimise foods that are high in sugar, fat and salt. ==How much weight should I gain?== It is important that you gain weight during pregnancy to ensure proper growth of your baby. The amount of weight gain recommended depends on your pre-pregnancy weight. Table 2 below shows recommendations on weight gain. Table 2. Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Pre-pregnancy weight status (BMI) !! Recommended weight gain |- | Underweight (<18.5kg/m2) || 12.7-18.2kg |- | Normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2) || 11.4-15.9kg |- | Overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) || 6.8-11.4kg |- | Obese (20kg/m2 or higher) || 5.0-9.1kg |- | Twin pregnancy || 11.4-24.5kg |} Source: Brown, J.E et al. (2011) ==TIPS== *When increasing food intake, choose initially from the grains and the lean meats group as these foods provide the extra nutrients needed during pregnancy. *Weight gain is important during pregnancy however too much weight gain should be avoided. *Limit high fat/high sugar foods and enjoy a variety of foods from the five food groups. *Plan ahead to save time for meal preparation. ==Where can I find more information?== About Pregnancy: [http://happy-pregnancy.blogspot.com] The Australian Dietary Guidelines can be found here: [http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/n55_australian_dietary_guidelines_0.pdf] Easy Diet Diary found here: [http://easydietdiary.com] Cooking tips for busy people: [http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Cooking_tips_for_busy_people] For tips on food safety and specific nutrient requirements: [http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/national/resource/healthy-eating-during-pregnancy] ==References== Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. (2013). Australian dietary guidelines. Retrieved from [http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/n55_australian_dietary_guidelines_0.pdf] Brown, J. E., Isaacs, J.S., Krinke, U.B., Lechtenberg, E., Murtaugh, M.A., & Sharbaugh, C., et al. (2011). Nutrition Through the Life Cycle (4th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, CENGAGE Learning. {{BookCat}} 7mu9seew7i5c43u4n9tlm038nio6cw3 0 365141 4633545 3958584 2026-05-02T19:19:20Z Lks23 3580758 4633545 wikitext text/x-wiki Nervous System – Anatomy and Common Ailments 1. Overview of the Nervous System The nervous system is the body’s control and communication network. It detects changes, processes information, and coordinates responses. It works closely with the endocrine system to maintain internal balance. 2. Divisions of the Nervous System A. Central Nervous System (CNS) The CNS is the main control center. Components: Brain Spinal cord Functions: Processes sensory information Makes decisions Sends commands to the body B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Components: Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Subdivisions: Somatic nervous system (voluntary control of muscles) Autonomic nervous system (involuntary functions) C. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Sympathetic system “Fight or flight” response Increases heart rate, dilates pupils Parasympathetic system “Rest and digest” Conserves energy, slows heart rate 3. Structure of the Brain The brain is the most complex organ and is divided into major regions: A. Cerebrum Largest part Responsible for thinking, memory, emotions, and voluntary movement B. Cerebellum Coordinates balance and movement C. Brainstem Controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate 4. Spinal Cord The spinal cord is a long cylindrical structure extending from the brainstem. Functions: Transmits signals between brain and body Controls reflex actions 5. Neurons and Nerve Function Neuron Structure Dendrites: receive signals Cell body: processes information Axon: transmits signals Types of Neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons 6. Protective Structures The nervous system is protected by: Skull and vertebral column Meninges (three protective layers) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cushions and nourishes) 7. Common Ailments of the Nervous System 1. Stroke A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted. Causes: Blood clot (ischemic) Bleeding (hemorrhagic) Symptoms: Sudden weakness Difficulty speaking Loss of coordination 2. Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Symptoms: Seizures Loss of consciousness Uncontrolled movements 3. Parkinson’s Disease A progressive disorder affecting movement. Symptoms: Tremors Muscle stiffness Slow movement 4. Alzheimer’s Disease A degenerative brain disorder affecting memory and thinking. Symptoms: Memory loss Confusion Difficulty performing daily tasks 5. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) An autoimmune disease affecting the protective covering of nerves. Symptoms: Muscle weakness Vision problems Coordination difficulties 6. Meningitis Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Causes: Bacterial or viral infection Symptoms: Severe headache Fever Neck stiffness 7. Peripheral Neuropathy Damage to peripheral nerves. Causes: Diabetes Injury Infections Symptoms: Tingling Numbness Pain 8. Migraine A neurological condition causing intense headaches. Symptoms: Throbbing pain Sensitivity to light and sound Nausea 8. Prevention and Care Maintain a healthy diet Exercise regularly Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol Manage stress Control chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension Conclusion The nervous system plays a vital role in controlling and coordinating body functions. Disorders of this system can significantly affect quality of life, making early detection and proper care essential. lgu1cko0g0moe3hldqlh50f84tp3rqp 0 366974 4633561 4633498 2026-05-02T20:59:43Z VincentHChan 3580275 Added newer case of legislature aiming at bypassing encryption though the Earn IT act, Updated current status section to be more recent 4633561 wikitext text/x-wiki Though once considered a munition<ref>US Department of State. (1992). Code of Federal Regulations. https://epic.org/crypto/export_controls/itar.html</ref>, [[w: Encryption software | encrypted communications]] have become commonplace in commercially available software. [[w:Apple Inc. | Apple’s]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] system, for instance, is [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]], meaning that no-one (not even Apple) can read a message except the sender and the recipient<ref>Apple Corporation. (2011). iOS 5 Press Release. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/06/06New-Version-of-iOS-Includes-Notification-Center-iMessage-Newsstand-Twitter-Integration-Among-200-New-Features.html</ref>. Apple now also encrypts all data on its [[w:IOS | iOS]] devices,<ref>Apple Corporation. (2014). iOS Security Guide, September 2014. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1302613-ios-security-guide-sept-2014.html</ref> and [[w:Google | Google]] does the same on its [[w: Android (operating system) | Android operating system]].<ref>Android Project. (2015). Full Disk Encryption. https://source.android.com/security/encryption/</ref> These systems prevent anyone besides the device owner from accessing the data on the device. Law enforcement agencies have had problems with this technology, however, because it also prevents them from viewing the data on phones, even when they have a search warrant. In one case, Apple refused to open a locked [[w: IPhone | iPhone]] for the [[w: Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI]] in a drug investigation,<ref>Appuzo, M., Sanger, D., Schmidt, M. (2015). Apple and Other Tech Companies Tangle with US Over Data Access. New York Times, September 8, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/08/us/politics/apple-and-other-tech-companies-tangle-with-us-over-access-to-data.html?_r=0 </ref> stating that doing so was impossible. Law enforcement agencies have argued that tech companies should provide them with a [[w: Backdoor (computing) | “backdoor,”]] a special way to decrypt messages that can only be used by law enforcement and which would require a search warrant.<ref>Comey, J. (2015). http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/08/fbi-chief-backdoor-access-encryption-isis</ref> In this chapter, we examine the sociotechnical forces surrounding this proposal in the United States and its allies. ==Background== Although relevant today, law enforcement's access to encrypted communications is not a new issue in the United States. As personal digital communication grew more common in the early 1990s, the Clinton Administration began to push for a way to "preserve a government capability to conduct electronic surveillance in furtherance of legitimate law enforcement and national security interests."<ref>White House. (1993). Public encryption management. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd5.htm</ref> There have been several subsequent proposals for policies directly addressing the issue, though a variety of technical and social issues have prevented any such policy from taking effect. ===Clipper Chip=== [[File:MYK-78 Clipper chip markings.jpg|thumb|Clipper Chip that could be included in the hardware of any personal computer or communication device]] The Clinton Administration's first proposal was the Clipper Chip, a hardware device designed by the United States government that manufacturers would build into their computers. This used a system called [[w: Key escrow | "key escrow"]] where each chip would be given a corresponding key that could decrypt any message encrypted by the chip. The key would be held by the United States government and released to law enforcement when legally required.<ref name="Blaze94">Blaze, M. (1994). Protocol failure in the escrowed encryption standard. http://www.crypto.com/papers/eesproto.pdf</ref> A variety of social and technical problems, such as the high monetary and economic costs of implementation<ref name="Deutch96">Deutch, J. (1996). Memorandum for the president. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015182952/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000239468/DOC_0000239468.pdf</ref> and weaknesses in the encryption algorithm<ref name="Blaze94 /> meant that the Clipper Chip was never adopted. ===Key Recovery=== Following the Clipper Chip's failure, the Clinton Administration proposed a system it called "key recovery." In this system, trusted third party organizations would hold users' keys and provide them to law enforcement upon request.<ref name="Deutch96" /> At the time of this proposal encryption technology was still classified as a munition, making it illegal to export from the United States. With the backing of the CIA, the Clinton Administration proposed weakening these restrictions as long as companies agreed to develop key recovery technology.<ref name="Deutch96" /> By doing this, the Administration hoped to make key recovery the standard domestically and globally, giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies access to encrypted data worldwide. Organized groups within the Clinton Administration had opposing views on this issue. Though the Administration, with the internal backing of the CIA, publicly supported this key recovery plan, the Justice Department internally opposed it, believing that the plan did not go far enough and proposing that the law be modified to only allow the export and import of encryption technology that worked with key recovery systems.<ref name="Deutch96" /> Outside of government, many prominent groups opposed the plan for largely the same reasons that they had opposed the Clipper Chip. Trade groups such as the [[w:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)]] and [[w:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] opposed the plan on economic, technical, and moral grounds. They believed that these restrictions would put American companies at an economic disadvantage while ultimately proving insecure and threatening civil freedoms.<ref>IEEE and ACM. (1997). Letter to Senator John McCain. http://usacm.acm.org/images/documents/spna_letter.pdf</ref> Ultimately legislation implementing the proposal never passed the Senate.<ref>McCain, J. (1997). Secure Public Networks Act. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d105:s909:</ref> === EARN IT Act === Following earlier proposals, more recent legislative efforts have taken indirect approaches to the issue of encrypted data. One example is the EARN IT Act<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen. Graham |first=Lindsey [R-SC |date=2020-07-20 |title=S.3398 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): EARN IT Act of 2020 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3398 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>, first introduced in 2020. Rather than requiring companies to provide direct access to encrypted communications, the proposal focuses on limiting liability protections under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for platforms that do not follow certain guidelines related to preventing illegal content. Supporters argue that this approach would help law enforcement investigate serious crimes, while critics contend that it could pressure companies to monitor user communications or reduce the use of end-to-end encryption. Although the proposal has not been fully enacted, it represents a shift toward indirect methods of influencing how companies design and manage encrypted systems. === Recent Developments in Encryption Technology === Since the early proposals such as the Clipper Chip and Key Recovery, encryption technology has changed significantly. Many major communication platforms such as WhatsApp, Signal, and iMessage began adopting end-to-end encryption by default, allowing only the sender and recipient to read messages. This shift made encrypted communication widely respected as the industry standard rather than a new technology. The Signal Protocol is especially notable due to its use of the double ratchet algorithm and asynchronous messaging support, which helped contribute to the widespread trust of end to end encryption algorithms<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Signal Encryption Protocol? |language=en-US |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/signal-encryption-protocol-hacker-lexicon/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>. Many companies have also adopted “zero-knowledge” systems, where the service provider cannot access user data at all. Companies such as Proton AG design their systems so that they do not hold the keys needed to decrypt user information which results in the impossibility with complying with law enforcement. At the same time, smartphone manufacturers improved device security. Companies such as Apple and Google introduced full-device encryption and secure hardware features that protect data stored on phones. These systems make it difficult to access data even when a device is physically obtained. Another development is the growth of cloud storage and backups. User data is often stored on remote servers, which may be subject to different forms of access by law enforcement depending on how the data is encrypted. Apple’s advanced data protection launched in December of 2022 extended encryption to iCloud and furthered companies’ initiative to extend security to protect side channels previously used by law enforcement to access data<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The widespread use of encryption was even adopted by government agencies as detailed by the NDAA (National District Attorneys Association) in their 2018 Cybersecurity Standards. This proposal was created in the aim of strengthening technical security though restricting use of international products and funding a board to strengthen IT infrastructure. In response to these changes, law enforcement agencies have developed new methods for obtaining data. Rather than attempting to weaken encryption systems directly, agencies such as the FBI have used techniques such as device hacking and forensic analysis. These methods often target the device itself, where data may be available in unencrypted form. ===Current Status=== Though there have been many proposals for extending law enforcement's access to encrypted data in the United States, no proposals on the scale of the Clipper Chip or key recovery have come into effect. Companies and individuals can generally develop and use cryptography systems freely. Encrypted communication has become more widespread in recent years. Many commonly used applications now use end-to-end encryption by default, which limits access to message content. This has increased the difficulty for law enforcement agencies attempting to obtain certain types of digital evidence. Recent criminal investigations where the United States Justice Department was unable to retrieve encrypted information from phones, along with concerns over terrorist attacks, have led policymakers to renew calls for expanding law enforcement's access to encrypted data, bringing the issue back into the public eye. At the same time, law enforcement practices have changed. Agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation have made use of alternative methods to access data, including digital forensic tools and device-based investigations. In some cases, agencies obtain data from devices directly or from associated cloud accounts rather than attempting to decrypt communications. There has also been increased use of tools developed by private companies, such as Cellebrite, which assist in extracting data from locked devices. These developments show that, while encryption presents challenges, law enforcement agencies continue to adapt their methods. Despite ongoing debate, there is still no clear consensus on how to balance privacy and law enforcement access. As encryption technology continues to develop, this issue is likely to remain an area of discussion in the future. ==Support for Expanded Law Enforcement Access== In the United States and abroad, many organized groups want to give government agencies expanded power to read encrypted data in order to prevent and prosecute criminal activity. Government and law enforcement organizations are the most prominent of these groups. === The Obama Administration === In the aftermath of the [[w: November_2015_Paris_attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] and [[w: 2015_San_Bernardino_shooting|San Bernardino]], President Obama gave a national address about responding to future threats.<ref> White House. (2015). Address to the Nation by the President. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/06/address-nation-president </ref> One step in the plan is to prevent criminal activity on encrypted channels.<ref>Rampton, R. (2015). Obama appeals to Silicon Valley for help with online anti-extremist campaign. http://www.reuters.com/article/california-shooting-cyber-idUSKBN0TQ0A320151207</ref> However, it is unclear by what means the administration intends this to be accomplished. Earlier in the year, the Obama administration conceded its fight to make tech companies add a [[w: Backdoor_(computing)|backdoor]] to encryption, agreeing that doing so would weaken defenses against foreign governments and cybercriminals.<ref name="obama">Perlroth, N. & Sanger, D. (2015). Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/politics/obama-wont-seek-access-to-encrypted-user-data.html</ref> One of the Administration’s fears is that requiring a backdoor for companies in the United States would set a similar precedent for American companies in other countries, such as China.<ref name="obama"></ref> === Federal Bureau of Investigation === The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently fought with Apple over encryption in iMessage.<ref>Hern, A. (2015). Apple's Encryption Means It Can't Comply with US Court Order. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/08/apple-encryption-comply-us-court-order-iphone-imessage-justice</ref> In the newest versions of iOS, iMessage uses [[w: end-to-end encryption|end-to-end encryption]] so that only the sender and recipient can read messages<ref name = "Apple privacy">Apple. (2015). Our Approach to Privacy. http://www.apple.com/privacy/approach-to-privacy/</ref>, making it impossible for law enforcement to access encrypted content. FBI Director [[w: James Comey|James Comey]] compared this to an unlockable door and said that a warrant should be all that is required to access this data<ref>Nakashima, E. (2015). With Court Order, Federal Judge Seeks to Fuel Debate About Data Encryption. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-judge-stokes-debate-about-data-encryption/2015/10/10/c75da20e-6f6f-11e5-9bfe-e59f5e244f92_story.html</ref>. Comey noted how a terrorist who attempted to attack an event in Texas in May 2015 had been communicating with other terrorists abroad using encrypted messages<ref>Harte, J. & Volz, D. (2015). Shooter at Texas 'Draw Mohammed' Contest Messaged Foreign Militants: FBI. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-texas-shooting-comey-idUSKBN0TS2FU20151209</ref>, implying that these messages would have given authorities advance notice of the attempt had they been intercepted and read. The United States has no [[w: key disclosure law|key disclosure law]], unlike Canada, the UK, and France, effectively keeping these encrypted messages a secret. While key disclosure allows agencies to access encrypted data, it only helps when the suspect is known. It is useful for gathering evidence, but not for intelligence, when fast response times are necessary, especially in preventing terrorist attacks. === United Kingdom's Cameron Administration === Similar battles are happening outside the United States. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister [[w:David Cameron|David Cameron]] has spoken out against apps that send encrypted messages because most of them cannot be read by government.<ref name="cameron">Bienkov, A. (2015). David Cameron: Twitter and Facebook Privacy is Unsustainable. http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/david-cameron-twitter-and-facebook-privacy-is-unsustainable</ref> Cameron argued that, in the past, government agents could get a warrant and intercept phone calls or mail, but now there are channels that government cannot access, creating a “safe space” for criminals and terrorists.<ref name="cameron" /> Cameron would like legislation that bans apps that use encryption unless the app has a government backdoor.<ref name="cameron"></ref> === National District Attorneys Association === The National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) has been a vocal opponent of "warrant-proof" encryption.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=American Data Privacy Protection Act Concerns - Sept. 26, 2022 - National District Attorneys Association |url=https://www.ndaa.org/news/-american-data-privacy-protection-act-concerns---sept-26-2022 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ndaa.org |language=en}}</ref> The NDAA argues that while consumer data protection policies are needed to keep Americans safe, they often come at the expense of making law enforcement more difficult to conduct. They specifically argue that tools used by law enforcement officers in critical early stages of investigations are hampered by encrypted devices and that there is no clear alternative to these tools<ref name=":4" />. Rather than focus on large mass casualty crimes as the FBI did, the NDAA chooses to highlight the difficulties in investigating crime that impacts most Americans' local communities such as carjacking and drug offenses. The NDAA appeals to readers' desire for safety and security by suggesting that anyone can be a victim of such crimes, and in doing so, serves as an appeal to lawmakers who are tasked with keeping their constituents happy and safe. ==Opposition to Expanded Law Enforcement Access== Not everyone is in favor of expanding the government's access to private encrypted data. According to a 2014 poll, a majority of Americans (54%) “disapprove” of bulk government collection of phone and internet records,<ref> Pew Research Center. (2014). Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology. http://www.people-press.org/files/2014/06/6-26-14-Political-Typology-release1.pdf </ref> and presidential candidates as diverse as [[w: Bernie Sanders | Bernie Sanders]]<ref>https://berniesanders.com/issues/war-and-peace/</ref> and [[w: Rand Paul | Rand Paul]]<ref>https://www.randpaul.com/issue/ending-nsa-spying</ref> have spoken in favor of reining in the [[w: National Security Agency | National Security Agency’s ]] [[w: PRISM (surveillance program) | data collection programs]] during the 2016 election cycle. Most opposition comes from participants with concerns over privacy or technical issues, though other factors such as economic issues are also relevant. ===Participants with Privacy Concerns=== Many opponents of government access to data do so on privacy grounds. For instance, [[w : Tim Cook | Apple CEO Tim Cook]], speaking about his company’s [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] service, said “we believe the contents of your text messages and your video chats is none of our business.”<ref>Cook, T. (2015). Speech at Electronic Privacy Information Center. http://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/apples-tim-cook-delivers-blistering-speech-on-encryption-privacy/#.ulz3r9:kVGu</ref> Groups like the [[w: Electronic Frontier Foundation | Electronic Frontier Foundation]]<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). https://www.eff.org</ref> advocate for reducing government access to data on privacy grounds and enjoy reasonable support, including a budget in the tens of millions of dollars.<ref> Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). Annual Report. https://www.eff.org/about/annual-reports-and-financials </ref> Privacy concerns are not a new topic in the social sciences, but researchers have struggled even to define "privacy."<ref>Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding privacy.</ref> Despite the difficulty in defining it, researchers have found that people place significant value on keeping their data private,<ref>Acquisti, A., John, L. K., & Loewenstein, G. (2013). What is privacy worth?. The Journal of Legal Studies, 42(2), 249-274.</ref> and concern over privacy is likely at least partially motivated by economic factors; companies like Apple even expressly use their protection of consumer privacy as a selling point.<ref name = "Apple privacy"></ref> Many tech companies have also used privacy concerns over access to encrypted data as marketing tools. Apple for example, has consistently promoted its products by highlighting a strong commitment to user privacy. It has repeatedly refused to create backdoors for the FBI and other law enforcement agencies, arguing that such access would weaken security for all users rather than serve as a limited investigative tool<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy - Government Information Requests |url=https://www.apple.com/privacy/government-information-requests/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref>. After public disapproval over proposed tools to automatically detect certain harmful content, Apple has expanded its encryption efforts beyond messaging to include services such as iCloud photos, device backups, and file storage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2022-12-07 |title=Apple announces plans to encrypt iCloud backups |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/07/apple-announces-plans-to-encrypt-icloud-backups.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>. Expanding on their efforts to protect encrypted user data, Apple has implemented zero knowledge encryption with Advanced Data Protection<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The technology ensures that even Apple is not aware of the encrypted data stored on its products, and removes their ability to comply with any requests for encrypted data, including lawful requests from law enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has consistently opposed any legislation that grants law enforcement access to encrypted data. The advocacy seeks to defend various individual rights and liberties and cites encryption is an essential tool protecting Americans' right to privacy. While many groups have highlighted the dangers warrant proof encryption poses to victims of crimes, the ACLU highlights the danger posed by any governmental access to such data. Such victims include whistleblowers, journalists, and activists. The ACLU has taken a clear stance against Apple's proposed system for automatically detecting child sexual abuse content on users' devices, arguing that even well-intended measures can introduce mechanisms that may be exploited or expanded over time. Their argument emphasizes that permitting law enforcement access may only be the first step toward a more restrictive state, warning of the long-term dangers to civil rights if such access is granted beyond its original intent<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillmor |first=Jennifer Stisa Granick, Daniel Kahn |date=2023-10-20 |title=The Vital Role of End-to-End Encryption {{!}} ACLU |url=https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/the-vital-role-of-end-to-end-encryption |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=American Civil Liberties Union |language=en-US}}</ref>. ===Participants with Technical Concerns=== Many participants oppose weakening encryption on technical grounds. The basic argument is that a[[w: Backdoor (computing) | backdoor]] for law enforcement means that the encryption cannot be perfectly secure, because an attacker could use the backdoor to gain entry. As the[[w: Information Technology Industry Council | Information Technology Industry Council]] said in a statement following calls to add backdoors after the [[w: November 2015 Paris attacks | Paris attacks ]] in November 2015, weakening encryption by adding backdoors “simply doesn’t make sense.”<ref>Information Technology Industry Council. (2015). http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-encryption-idUSKCN0T82SS20151119</ref> This is the same argument that security experts used when the[[w: Clipper Chip | Clipper Chip]] was proposed, and which ultimately helped defeat it.<ref>Abelson, H., Anderson, R. N., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., ... & Schneier, B. (1997). The risks of key recovery, key escrow, and trusted third-party encryption.</ref> Opponents also contend that adding backdoors to encryption systems will not actually help law enforcement defeat threats. Nate Cardozo, staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has said that "intel agencies are drowning in data... It's not about having enough data; it's a matter of not knowing what to do with the data they already have."<ref>Cardozo, N. (2015). http://www.wired.com/2015/11/paris-attacks-cia-director-john-brennan-what-he-gets-wrong-about-encryption-backdoors/ </ref> Reports that the 2015 Paris attacks (which have been cited in proposals for backdoors, including by[[w: Central Intelligence Agency | CIA]] director[[w: John O. Brennan | John Brennan]])<ref> Brennan, J. (2015). Speech at Center for Strategic International Studies. http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/11/brennan-paris-wakeup-call-europe-encryption/123732/ </ref> were planned using unencrypted communications only make this claim stronger.<ref> Froomkin, D. (2015). Signs point to unencrypted communications between terror suspects. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/ </ref> == Legal Framework and the Battle of Social Values == In legal settings, social values come under pressure when groups hold competing interests. Several court cases have influenced how society interprets key social values, adding legal, political, and social complexity to the question of how much access law enforcement should have to encrypted data - and when that access becomes too much. === <u>United States Constitution: The Foundation of Our Rights</u> === Almost every case in this chapter cites, interprets, or challenges two constitutional amendments. Before analyzing those interpretations, it is important to clearly establish what the referenced amendments say about our [[wikipedia:List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States|constitutional rights]]: ==== 4th Amendment ==== The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-iv |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> In many encryption-related cases, defendants argued that warrantless device and data seizures violated this amendment. Courts often agreed, reinforcing the need for warrants before accessing encrypted devices and data. Over the past 50 years, the amendment's interpretation has remained consistent, protecting individuals and groups' dignity, privacy, and autonomy. ==== 5th Amendment ==== The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-v |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> The 5th Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to provide testimonial evidence against themselves ([[wikipedia:Self-incrimination|self-incrimination)]]. It is also well known for the [[wikipedia:Due_Process_Clause|proper due process]] clause, which outline how searches, seizures, and arrests must be conducted. Courts examined whether entering a passcode or decrypting data communicated knowledge, such as ownership, control, or the existence of specific files. When decryption would reveal new information, the 5th Amendment applies. When the government can already describe the evidence with reasonable particularity, court have sometimes allowed compelled access. These cases shape how society negotiates differing social interests, ideas, and values, forcing courts and communities to decide which principles - privacy, autonomy, security, or public trust - should carry the most weight when digital information becomes part of criminal investigation. === <u>Cases on Personal Privacy vs. Public Safety</u> === The following court cases ''Smith v. Maryland, U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California,'' and ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' highlight the evolving legal battle over how far the government may go in accessing digital information in the name of public safety and justice. Together they illustrate how constitutional protections written in the 18th century are reinterpreted to address current technologies, from cell phone applications to location tracking. They also go beyond legal bounds and address competing social values, where law enforcement's interest in preventing harm and investigating crime sometimes conflicts society's growing expectation of personal privacy extending to a digital space. As each case redefines the balance between these values, it also influences how U.S. citizens understand their legal rights and the conditions under which those rights can be limited or lost. ==== ''Smith v. Maryland'' (1979) ==== In [[wikipedia:Smith_v._Maryland|''Smith v. Maryland'']], Michael Lee Smith was arrested and indicted for robbing Patricia McDonough. To confirm Smith's identity after cross-referencing against the victim's description, the police asked the telephone company to install a [[wikipedia:Pen_register|pen register]]. However, they did so without a warrant or court order, since they believed Smith was the source of threatening calls made to McDonough. Once the pen register confirmed outgoing numbers, police obtained a warrant to search Smith's residence, where they seized the phonebook and identified Smith to be the robber. At trial, Smith sought to suppress the evidence collected by the pen register since the police did not obtain a warrant to seize his telecommunication information "prior to its installation," which he claimed violated his 4th Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. On June 20, 1979, the court ruled in favor of Maryland, holding that Smith had no "legitimate expectation of privacy" in the numbers he dialed because he voluntarily conveyed that information to the phone company, which they recorded as a part of their regular business practices. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/442/735/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''U.S. v. Cotterman'' (2013) ==== ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Cotterman|U.S. v. Cotterman]]'' began when Howard Cotterman returned from Mexico and was flagged by the [[wikipedia:TECS|Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS)]] database due to prior sexual offenses. At Lukeville, Arizona port of entry, border patrol officers conducted two searches (the second after the TECS notification), finding two laptops and 3 cameras, which [[wikipedia:United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement|Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)]] later came and seized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hlr |date=2014-01-17 |title=United States v. Cotterman |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-127/ninth-circuit-holds-forensic-search-of-laptop-seized-at-border-requires-showing-of-reasonable-suspicion-ae-united-states-v-cotterman-709-f-3d-952-9th-cir-2013-en-banc/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> After conducting an off-site digital forensic search, the government found hundreds of files containing child pornography on Cotterman's devices, and they indicted him for possession of such digital content. Cotterman motioned to suppress the evidence gained from the devices, claiming the forensic search violated the 4th Amendment. The United States argued that there are exceptions to the 4th Amendment regarding border searches. After being granted then reversed, the case was reheard [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/en_banc en banc]. The Ninth Circuit en banc finally held that the United States violated Cotterman's 4th Amendment rights, saying that forensic, comprehensive searches of digital devices at the border require reasonable suspicion, recognizing the heightened privacy interests in electronic data. ==== ''Riley v. California'' (2014) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:Riley_v._California|Riley v. California]],'' David Riley was stopped for a traffic violation, arrested on weapons charges, and had his cell phone seized and searched without a warrant, linking Riley to gang affiliation and involvement in a prior shooting. Riley moved to suppress the phone evidence, but the lower court denied his motion. A similar case, ''U.S. v. Wurie'' (2014), involved a similar warrantless search of a flip phone that linked Wurie to a drug stash in his apartment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Wurie |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/13-212 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court reviewed both cases together and ultimately decided that "the police generally may not, without a warrant, search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>. As a result, Riley's conviction was reversed while Wurie's case ruling was sustained. ==== ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' (2018) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Carpenter_v._United_States|Carpenter v. U.S.]]'' is similar to ''Riley v. California,'' in regard to how both involved data associated with cell phones. However, in the Carpenter case, police arrested four men with connection to an armed robbery. One of the men confessed and gave his number and all of the numbers of the other participants to the FBI, which they used to obtain orders to gain transactional records on each phone number. This was granted under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. 2703(d)]], which provides the government the ability to "require the disclosure of certain telecommunication records when 'specific and articulable facts show[] that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records or other information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.'"<ref>Carpenter v. United States. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402</nowiki></ref> The transactional records included evidential data about phone call location data and other [[wikipedia:Cell_site|cell site]] location information (CSLI). Timothy Carpenter moved to suppress the evidence gained from the CSLI data, arguing it violated the 4th Amendment. Ultimately, the Supreme Court narrowly sided with Carpenter, stating the warrantless search and seizure of phone users' location data violated the 4th Amendment, but this case also extended the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], which was originally established in ''Smith v. Maryland'' and ''U.S. v. Miller'' (1976). ==== Social Analysis: Privilege of Privacy Amongst Individuals ==== While ''Smith v. Maryland'' established early boundaries for digital privacy through the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], the struggle between digital privacy and the government's duty to ensure public safety and promote the general welfare remains foundationally contested. Later cases ''U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California, and Carpenter v. U.S.'' shifted the legal landscape by recognizing that digital privacy is not merely limited to or defined by location, device, or type of data. Further, these decisions affirm that modern technology and encrypted data function as extensions of one's identity: "phones are no longer merely phones, but important communication ...[and] data centers, and perhaps most significantly, loci for the digital culture."<ref>Steven I. Friedland, Riley v. California and the Stickiness Principle, 14 ''Duke Law & Technology Review'' 121-139 (2016)</ref> In a world where personal identity, social life, and daily conduct are increasingly mediated through digital platforms, individuals carry with them an expectation of privacy that is qualitatively different from what was considered in the past. However, this expectation is not universally accepted or consistently interpreted. The ability to protect one's digital privacy, through encryption, secure devices, and knowledge of digital rights, often underlines developing social privileges. As governments and courts continue to define the limitations and applications of privacy in an evolving cyber-physical space, tensions will continue to emerge between expanding privacy protections and ensuring that privacy is not viewed as a hindrance to justice, safety, or accountability. These tensions have been heightened by the recent rise in AI surveillance and automated data decryption services, where, as the [[wikipedia:American_Civil_Liberties_Union|ACLU]] notes, "the automated nature of these systems means that traditional limitations on police resources—once a vital check on government overreach—have been effectively eliminated."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2026 |title=AI-Powered Surveillance Is Turning the United States into a Digital Police State. Now is the Time to Stop It. |url=https://www.aclum.org/publications/ai-powered-surveillance-is-turning-the-united-states-into-a-digital-police-state-now-is-the-time-to-stop-it/ |website=ACLU of Massachusetts |language=en-US}}</ref> These cases reveal that privacy is not only a legal right but a social resource - one that is unevenly accessible, persistently contested, and potentially constrained depending on the level of influence and position one has within society, public institutions, and digital systems. === <u>Cases on Digital Autonomy vs. Law Enforcement's Authority</u> === These cases highlight a nearly twenty year trend in how courts navigate the tension between personal digital autonomy and expanding authority of law enforcement. Central to this is the forgone conclusion doctrine, a limited exception to the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause that can compel an individual to release encrypted data and passcodes if three factors are met: # The Government has knowledge of the existence of the evidence demanded # The defendant possessed or controlled the evidence, and # The evidence is authentic. The government must also be able to describe the evidence with "reasonable particularity." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foregone Conclusion Doctrine Allows Government to Make Criminal Defendant Disclose Computer Password |url=https://goldsteinmehta.com/blog/foregone-conclusion-doctrine |website=Goldstein Mehta LLC |language=en-US}}</ref> Although this doctrine is framed as a narrow case-by-case rule, its application in the digital era shifts power toward law enforcement in situations where devices and encrypted data act as extensions of personal identity, memory, and autonomy. As encryption continues to become a default feature of everyday technology, compelled-decryption cases raise questions about how much control individuals retain over their data and whether constitutional protections can keep up with rapidly evolving digital systems. While many courts, often citing ''In re Boucher'', have supported decryption under the doctrine, cases such as ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' emphasizes that society still recognizes meaningful limits on government authority and continue to affirm the social and legal value of personal digital autonomy. ==== ''In re Boucher Case'' (2009) ==== The [[wikipedia:In_re_Boucher|''In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Boucher'' case]] arose when Sebastien Boucher was arrested at the border between Canada and Vermont, where an officer's secondary inspection led to the discovery of child pornography on Boucher's computer. However, after seizing the laptop and once the computer was shut down, the hard drive's content could not be viewed again without entering in a passphrase. A Secret Service computer forensics expert testified that the drive had been encrypted using [[wikipedia:Pretty_Good_Privacy|Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)]] software and there was no backdoor for this type of encryption software.<ref>Pfefferkorn, Riana, In Re Boucher: Hard Drives Make Pretty Good Law? Encryption Passphrases as Testimonial Evidence Under the Fifth Amendment (February 1, 2009). Available at SSRN: <nowiki>https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883697</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1883697</nowiki></ref> In response, the grand jury subpoenaed Boucher to release the passphrases to the government, in which Boucher successfully moved to quash the subpoena, initially. Boucher argued that this violated his 5th Amendment rights against self-incrimination, but after further review the U.S. District Court for Vermont reversed the initial grant. The reasoning for this reversal is that since the files sought allegedly contain child pornographic content, the entry of the password is incriminating and therefore the real question is whether the "subpoena seeks testimonial communication." Also, both parties agreed that the content in the files did not share the same 5th Amendment privileges as revealing the password, as the files were "voluntarily prepared" and not testimonial.<ref>In Re Boucher (United States District Court for the District of Vermont November 29, 2009). <nowiki>https://www.volokh.com/files/Boucher.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> The real question lies in whether entry of the password, and ultimately handing the files over to the government, would be testimonial and a violation of the 5th Amendment. The final verdict states that "Boucher has no act of production privilege to refuse to provide the grand jury with an unencrypted version of the Z drive of his computer," and that "the government may not make use of Boucher's act of production to authenticate the unencrypted Z drive or its contents either before the grand jury or a petit jury," ultimately legally compelling Boucher to decrypt his device and hand the files to the government.<ref>In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, <nowiki>https://yalelawtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/boucher_-_sessions_-_appeal.pdf</nowiki> (United States District Court for the District of Vermont. February 19, 2009).</ref> This case became a significant landmark of [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure law]] through being regarded as [[wikipedia:Case_law|case law]], and its influence is significant in several other court cases discussed in the battle of self autonomy and authority. ==== ''U.S. v. Doe'' (Dated March 25, 2011) ==== In the case of ''U.S. v. Doe,'' FBI agents seized two laptops and five external hard drives from a man under investigation, but the data was stored behind an encryption program assumed to be [[wikipedia:TrueCrypt|TrueCrypt]]. When ordered by a grand jury to produce unencrypted contents of the hard drives, he invoked the 5th Amendment, claiming a breach of protections against self-incrimination. Specifically, Doe argued that "the Government’s use of the decrypted contents of the hard drives would constitute derivative use of his immunized testimony, use not protected by the district court’s grant of immunity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011, USA v. John Doe, No. 11-12268 (11th Cir. 2012) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/11-12268/11-12268-2012-02-23.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Doe also explained he was unable to decrypt the hard drive (which was disregarded in this case as well as the appeal case), but ultimately the court held Doe in contempt and jailed him. After appealing the decision, the circuit court ruled that decrypting the data is testimonial and therefore protected by the 5th Amendment (in favor of Doe), a comparably different outcome than seen in ''In re Boucher'' and ''U.S. v. Fricosu,'' and a significant limitation on the foregone conclusion doctrine. ==== ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' (2012) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Fricosu|U.S. v. Fricosu]],'' the FBI obtained a search warrant for Colorado resident Ramona Fricosu under suspicion of mortgage fraud. During the search, agents seized six computers. One of the six computers seized was password-encrypted by a program called PGP Desktop, which "provides easy to use and secure encryption to protect sensitive data on your laptop or desktop computers." <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Symantec Encryption Desktop? (formerly known as PGP Desktop Encryption) |url=https://help.uillinois.edu/TDClient/37/uic/KB/PrintArticle?ID=776 |website=help.uillinois.edu}}</ref> The day after the execution of the search warrant, Fricosu made a call to her incarcerated divorced ex-husband, and the recorded conversation revealed that both her and her ex-husband were aware of the content in her laptop, as well as the encryption program and her legal instruction to not provide any passwords, as protected by the 5th Amendment. In closing, several facts of the case (including file names, location of laptop, and connection to her ex-husband and his convictions) led the court to hold that Fricosu is legally compelled to provide an unencrypted copy of the files to the government as evidence, aligning with the ''In re Boucher'' case and applying the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Fricosu, Criminal Case No. 10–cr–00509–REB–02. {{!}} D. Colo., Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914e216add7b049348ee62f |website=https://www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' (2012) ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' is another case regarding compelled decryption via [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure laws]] influenced by ''In re Boucher''. Leon I. Gelfgatt, an attorney, was indicted with seventeen counts of forgery of a document, seventeen counts of [[wikipedia:Uttering|uttering]] a forged instrument, and three counts of attempting to commit larceny. The charges came from allegations against Gelfgatt that he conducted a scheme, using several computers, to receive ill-obtained funds that he used to pay mortgage loans for residential properties. The Commonwealth asked the judge to grant legal compulsion of Gelfgatt to decrypt his computers, in which the judge denied originally but asked for higher-level advisement on the question:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/2014/sjc-11358.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> "Can the defendant be compelled pursuant to the Commonwealth's proposed protocol to provide his key to seized encrypted digital evidence despite the rights and protections provided by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article Twelve of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights?"<ref name=":0" /> The Supreme Judicial Court, after further review of the law in question, reversed the judges denial to the Commonwealth's request for Gelfgatt's compulsion, implying in their verdict that "the government can ... compel the defendant to produce it [digital evidence] where it already knows what the information is, and the defendant’s disclosure would add little or nothing to what the government’s knowledge," another application of the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Zoraida |date=2019-03-20 |title=Can the Commonwealth Compel You to Unlock Your Cell Phone? SJC Clarifies Certain Circumstances in Which it Can |url=https://www.bostonlawyerblog.com/can-the-commonwealth-compel-you-to-unlock-your-cell-phone-sjc-clarifies-certain-circumstances-in-which-it-can/ |website=Boston Lawyer Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' (2019) ==== The ''In re: Search of A Residence in Oakland, California'' case presents a notably different application of the 4th and 5th Amendments in a cyber-physical system, compared to cases like ''In re Boucher'', ''U.S. v. Fricosu'', and ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt.'' In this case, the government was investigating two individuals suspected of committing extortion scheme conducted through Facebook Messenger. The government's warrant application asked for the authority to search the Oakland residence and seize all digital devices on the premise, and to compel any individual present to unlock the devices through [[wikipedia:Biometrics|biometric]] features, even if they were not the subjects of the warrant. The magistrate judge denied the application, finding that "while the Government had probable cause to search the premises under the Fourth Amendment, it did not have probable cause to search and seize ''all'' digital devices nor compel their unlocking using biometric features because the search warrant application was not limited to digital devices owned or controlled by the suspects."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Nowell D. Bamberger, Melissa Gohlke, Sameer Jaywant |date=2019-01-23 |title=Court Holds That 5th Amendment Self-Incrimination Privilege Precludes Compelling Fingerprint or Facial Recognition Access to Digital Devices {{!}} Cleary Enforcement Watch |language=en-US |work=Cleary Enforcement Watch |url=https://www.clearyenforcementwatch.com/2019/01/court-holds-5th-amendment-self-incrimination-privilege-precludes-compelling-fingerprint-facial-recognition-access-digital-devices/}}</ref> Citing ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' in 2018, the court emphasized how "the advancement of technology should not be accompanied by an erosion in the constitutional rights of the people, and that courts should vigilantly guard against such erosion."<ref name=":1" /> In its final reasoning, the court held that biometric data cannot be compelled to unlock devices, including "fingers, thumbs, facial recognition, optical/iris, or any other biometric feature to unlock electronic devices." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baron |first=Ethan |last2=News |first2=The Mercury |date=2019-01-16 |title=Biometrics Ruling Limits How Police Can Access a Smartphone |url=https://www.govtech.com/products/Biometrics-Ruling-Limits-How-Police-Can-Access-a-Smartphone.html |website=GovTech |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''State v. Andrews'' (2020) ==== ''State v. Andrews'' began with the arrest of Quincy Lowery for suspected involvement in a New Jersey drug-trafficking ring. However, Lowery confessed officer Robert Andrews helped him evade detection by warning Lowery of the wiretap on his phone and the GPS tracker on his Jeep. Lowery even showed the investigators the text messages to prove such evidence, but because he reset his phone a month earlier, most of the text messages were wiped. Officers requested Andrews to hand over his two iPhones, in which Andrews did so voluntarily without giving out the passwords to unlock them. Without a way to effectively decrypt the passwords, the State obtained warrants for the phones' contents and motioned for Andrews to reveal the passwords. Andrews refused citing the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause. Once the trial court supported the State's motion and Andrews appealed the courts decision, the appeals court upheld the trial court's decision, stating "because the State had already established that Andrews owned, possessed, and controlled his iPhones, his act of producing their passcodes, while 'testimonial,' fell under this 'foregone conclusion' exception."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-04-12 |title=State v. Andrews |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/state-v-andrews/ |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Andrews appealed the decision again, and the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed both lower courts, holding "that the Fifth Amendment privilege was overcome by the government’s knowledge of three key facts: the passcodes’ existence, their possession by the defendant, and their authenticity,"<ref name=":2" /> ultimately compelling Andrews to reveal the passwords to the iPhones. ==== Social Analysis: Increasing Authority at the Cost of Digital Autonomy ==== The current U.S. legal landscape underlines a shift in how society balances personal digital autonomy against government authority. As courts increasingly apply the forgone conclusion doctrine to encrypted devices and data, they reshape social expectations about privacy, identity, and government authority. With digital devices functioning as extensions of our lives, compelled decryption has social implications far beyond traditional evidence production. Cases such as ''In re Boucher, U.S. v. Fricosu, Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt,'' and ''State v. Andrews'' have normalized broader government access to encrypted data, strengthening a social narrative that national security interests outweigh individual control over digital identity. This could erode trust and accountability, particularly in communities already skeptical of law enforcement, and may create concerning effects on expression, association, and political participation. As compelled access becomes more routine, society risks normalizing a surveillance-based relationship between citizens and the government. However, cases like ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' demonstrate the value digital autonomy and the importance of limiting the government's power when compelled decryption becomes indistinguishable from self-incrimination. Advocacies, professional organizations, and non-profits also play a crucial role in shaping both the public's view and judicial reasoning. For example, the [[wikipedia:Electronic_Frontier_Foundation|Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF)]] wrote amicus briefs (a legal document providing advice, information, or arguments related to a case) for both ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' and ''U.S. v. Doe'', consistently arguing that the 5th Amendment protected individuals from all forms of compelled decryption. They emphasized that the different outcomes in these cases resulted from not doctrinal inconsistency but from the defendant's own disclosures, underlining how "silence is golden." Noting how "Boucher talked to law enforcement" and "Fricosu talked to her ex-husband and co-defendant in jail," the EFF claims "it was this talking that defeated their Fifth Amendment privilege through the foregone conclusion doctrine."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhoury |first=Hanni |date=2012-03-07 |title=A Tale of Two Encryption Cases |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/03/tale-two-encryption-cases |website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Together, the legal and social proponents of conflicting civil liberties, often driven by strong social values, illustrate a battle over the definition of digital autonomy, one which courts, civil liberties organizations, and the public are actively shaping the future boundaries of state authority in an increasingly data-driven society. === <u>Cases on Managing Public Trust & Accountability</u> === This final section addresses the critical but often overlooked social values of public trust and accountability, particularly in the management of personal data. As emerging technologies such as [[wikipedia:Quantum_computing|quantum computing]], [[wikipedia:Artificial_intelligence|AI]], and [[wikipedia:Edge_computing|edge computing]] reshape how information is stored and accessed, public trust in institutions responsible for protecting digital rights has become increasingly fragile. People typically rely on governments, courts, and large organizations to act as stewards of their data and to ensure that justice is upheld when digital rights are threatened. However, the following cases reveal a series of paradoxes, where entities display conflicting interests in data management and the legal framework governing their practices lag behind the change in technology. These tensions propose significant questions in who truly manages data and, by extension, who the public can trust to enact accountability in an increasingly digital world. ==== ''U.S. v. Microsoft'' (2018) ==== [[File:BalticServers data center.jpg|thumb|Data centers hold vast amounts of information about millions of individuals and organizations, making them a significant source of digital evidence.]] In ''[[wikipedia:Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States|U.S. v. Microsoft]],'' the FBI in 2013 obtained a warrant under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act]] requiring Microsoft to release encrypted email and other information connected to one of their customers that was under suspicion of being involved in illegal drug trafficking. Microsoft refused to comply, arguing these emails were stored in its Dublin, Ireland data center and that the SCA did not authorize U.S. courts to compel production of data outside of its borders. Microsoft moved to quash the warrant, questioning how a United States federal law can be enforced outside of U.S. borders. While the move to quash the warrant was denied by the district court, Microsoft appealed the ruling and was granted their motion to quash it by the Second Circuit court. The U.S. Department of Justice petitioned to review the new decision, claiming that the warrant was "a domestic application of the SCA," and that the appealed decision "would be 'impractical and detrimental to law enforcement' and that the use of the SCA to obtain user data stored abroad would respect 'the United States’ international obligations.'"<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=https://epic.org/documents/united-states-v-microsoft/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> After the Supreme Court granted the petition and planned to hold another hearing, the federal government enacted the [[wikipedia:CLOUD_Act|Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act)]], which in essence established that U.S. service providers must produce data within their possession, custody, or control regardless of where the data is physically stored. This ultimately led to the case being dismissed as unnecessary and Microsoft being legally compelled by the CLOUD Act to obtain and provide the data from its Irish datacenter, due to Microsoft being a U.S. company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft Corp., 584 U.S. ___ (2018) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/584/17-2/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>United States v. Microsoft Corporation. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/17-2</nowiki></ref> ==== ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' (2021) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Van_Buren_v._United_States|Van Buren v. U.S.]]'' addresses access to encrypted data very differently from ''U.S. v. Microsoft''. Georgia police sergeant Nathan Van Buren was bribed by Andrew Albo, who was cooperating with an FBI sting operation, to run a license plate search on a possible undercover cop. Van Buren complied to the request, and through the [[wikipedia:Crime_information_center|Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)]] he used his authorized credentials to look up the provided license plate to confirm the identity of an undercover cop. Although officers are trained that GCIC access is strictly limited to law enforcement purposes specifically, Van Buren technically accessed only information he was already authorized to view. He was charged with violating the [[wikipedia:Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act|Computer Fraud & Abuse Act (CFAA)]], which he petitioned for review claiming that he technically did not exceed access authority as a law enforcement official with proper credentials to access the GCIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Buren v. United States |url=https://epic.org/documents/van-buren-v-united-states/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The court argued that "the purpose in using the system was immaterial," and with there being no purpose limitation cited in the CFAA, "Van Buren was authorized to access the database and di not violate the CFAA."<ref name=":3">Scott T. Lashway and Matthew M.K. Stein, ''Signs Inscribed on a Gate: The Impact of Van Buren v. United States on Civil Claims Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act'', 44 W. New Eng. L. Rev. 109 (2022), <nowiki>https://digitalcommons.law.wne.edu/lawreview/vol44/iss1/5</nowiki></ref> The court also made three important notes regarding the outcome and implications of this case and the CFAA, stating as follows: # Amending the CFAA to include a purpose-based limitation criminalizes ordinary conduct, such as when an employee uses a business computer to send and check personal emails. # Purpose-based limitations are unstable and potentially unclear, blurring what is considered "normal" and "criminal" conduct. # The CFAA was only concerned in Van Buren's credentials, not his purpose for accessing GCIC records. Future disputes may address how contracts, policies, and terms of service interact with the statute's access-based limitations. ==== Social Analysis: Continuously Balancing Restriction and Freedoms ==== [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800)(cropped).jpg|thumb|Thomas Jefferson recognized the power the public provides to its government, and the importance of the government maintaining the public's trust.]] As [[wikipedia:Thomas_Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] once stated, "when a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-01 |title=Basic Obligation of Public Service {{!}} U.S. Department of the Interior |url=https://www.doi.gov/ethics/basic-obligations-of-public-service |website=www.doi.gov |language=en}}</ref> The principal Jefferson emphasizes is that public institutions derive their legitimacy from the people and must remain accountable to them. Yet the modern legal framework surrounding encrypted data often moves in the opposite direction. In cases such as ''U.S. v. Microsoft,'' the government asserted authority beyond U.S. borders, raising important questions about which institutions, domestic or foreign, citizens are expected to trust with their digital lives. Microsoft and privacy advocates warned that if the U.S. can issue a warrant that legally compels decryption abroad, "other countries will in turn use their own laws to seize data stored in the U.S" which "could put Americans’ emails (and other data) at risk of seizure by foreign governments."<ref>Kruse, N. (2018, March 1). ''U.S. v. Microsoft: Is Your Data and Privacy at Risk?''. Byte Back. <nowiki>https://www.bytebacklaw.com/2018/03/u-s-v-microsoft-is-your-data-and-privacy-at-risk/</nowiki></ref> The CLOUD Act further complicates this landscape by shifting practical control of data from the government to private, for-profit corporations. Even when data is physically stored in another country, ownership and decision-making authority often remain with companies like Microsoft, Facebook, and Apple, who all supported the CLOUD Act and whose incentives are shaped not by democratic accountability but by reputation management, market pressures, and financial interests. This raises two currently unanswered questions of public trust: first, how can citizens trust governmental systems when jurisdictional boundaries blur and government authority extends beyond its traditional limits, and second, how can they trust corporations to act as responsible stewards of their data when their obligations to shareholders may conflict with the public's interest in privacy and autonomy? Furthermore, ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' produces a paradoxical outcome, where individuals protected from being criminalized for everyday digital behavior while simultaneously exposing the public to greater risks of insider misuses of encrypted data by law enforcement. The CFAA was originally designed to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information, but Van Buren narrowed its scope by rejecting any inquiry into a person's purpose for accessing data. In doing so, the court prevented the CFAA from becoming an overly broad "terms-of-service crime," yet it also removed a potential safeguard against officers who misuse their legitimate credentials to access personal information for improper reasons. As scholars note, the CFAA retains its force, "even with the purpose inquiry foreclosed: access may not be authorization, and authorization or its limits could be inferred from context and terms of use."<ref name=":3" /> Regardless, this case “does not definitively resolve the question of whether unauthorized access must be barred by a hardware or software gateway or if activity can become ‘unauthorized’ by a contractual ban" and “largely for that reason, the practical effects on the CFAA’s civil enforcement provisions remain to be seen.”<ref>Melanie Assad, Van Buren v. United States: An Employer Defeat or Hacker’s Victory – Or Something in Between, 21 UIC REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 166 (2022).</ref> From a public trust perspective, this creates a double-edged sword: the decision limits government overreach, yet it also leaves the public more vulnerable to the very actors entrusted with sensitive data, raising the difficult questions about accountability, oversight, and the social value of trust in law enforcement. Both ''U.S. v Microsoft'' and ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' offer different stories connected by their influence over public trust and accountability; one raises concerns about how far a government's authority extends and the inherent ownership of encrypted data by companies driven by the market and productivity, while the other is seen as a win for protecting individuals from accidental criminalization of normal activities and a loss for holding law enforcement accountable by removing an extra layer of protection through authorization and credentials. As technology changes and evolves, shaping the application of data encryption, management, and access, future litigations may arise, and the question of who will maintain the public's trust in data privacy and digital autonomy will most likely continue to be overlooked and potentially mishandled. All of these court cases point toward a future that will quickly challenge long-held and accepted social values, especially in regard to extending those values to encrypted digital or cyber-physical platforms, and it is up to all participants to make these social values known and considered, whether it is noted by an advocacy, non-profit organization, for-profit corporation, law enforcement agencies, regular citizens, or the courts. ==Conclusion== The struggle over encryption backdoors is far from over, and there will almost certainly be more developments on this topic in the future as new solutions are proposed and enacted or defeated. Although we have covered significant parts of the debate in the United States and the United Kingdom, participants in other places have different perspectives. Interesting additions to this chapter could include updates covering future developments and expansion to cover encryption worldwide. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} ap6p1xwjkn894kaejq7udqhq5zedor2 4633568 4633561 2026-05-02T22:41:44Z PradeepRavi26 3580576 Revised conclusion paragraph 4633568 wikitext text/x-wiki Though once considered a munition<ref>US Department of State. (1992). Code of Federal Regulations. https://epic.org/crypto/export_controls/itar.html</ref>, [[w: Encryption software | encrypted communications]] have become commonplace in commercially available software. [[w:Apple Inc. | Apple’s]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] system, for instance, is [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]], meaning that no-one (not even Apple) can read a message except the sender and the recipient<ref>Apple Corporation. (2011). iOS 5 Press Release. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/06/06New-Version-of-iOS-Includes-Notification-Center-iMessage-Newsstand-Twitter-Integration-Among-200-New-Features.html</ref>. Apple now also encrypts all data on its [[w:IOS | iOS]] devices,<ref>Apple Corporation. (2014). iOS Security Guide, September 2014. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1302613-ios-security-guide-sept-2014.html</ref> and [[w:Google | Google]] does the same on its [[w: Android (operating system) | Android operating system]].<ref>Android Project. (2015). Full Disk Encryption. https://source.android.com/security/encryption/</ref> These systems prevent anyone besides the device owner from accessing the data on the device. Law enforcement agencies have had problems with this technology, however, because it also prevents them from viewing the data on phones, even when they have a search warrant. In one case, Apple refused to open a locked [[w: IPhone | iPhone]] for the [[w: Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI]] in a drug investigation,<ref>Appuzo, M., Sanger, D., Schmidt, M. (2015). Apple and Other Tech Companies Tangle with US Over Data Access. New York Times, September 8, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/08/us/politics/apple-and-other-tech-companies-tangle-with-us-over-access-to-data.html?_r=0 </ref> stating that doing so was impossible. Law enforcement agencies have argued that tech companies should provide them with a [[w: Backdoor (computing) | “backdoor,”]] a special way to decrypt messages that can only be used by law enforcement and which would require a search warrant.<ref>Comey, J. (2015). http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/08/fbi-chief-backdoor-access-encryption-isis</ref> In this chapter, we examine the sociotechnical forces surrounding this proposal in the United States and its allies. ==Background== Although relevant today, law enforcement's access to encrypted communications is not a new issue in the United States. As personal digital communication grew more common in the early 1990s, the Clinton Administration began to push for a way to "preserve a government capability to conduct electronic surveillance in furtherance of legitimate law enforcement and national security interests."<ref>White House. (1993). Public encryption management. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd5.htm</ref> There have been several subsequent proposals for policies directly addressing the issue, though a variety of technical and social issues have prevented any such policy from taking effect. ===Clipper Chip=== [[File:MYK-78 Clipper chip markings.jpg|thumb|Clipper Chip that could be included in the hardware of any personal computer or communication device]] The Clinton Administration's first proposal was the Clipper Chip, a hardware device designed by the United States government that manufacturers would build into their computers. This used a system called [[w: Key escrow | "key escrow"]] where each chip would be given a corresponding key that could decrypt any message encrypted by the chip. The key would be held by the United States government and released to law enforcement when legally required.<ref name="Blaze94">Blaze, M. (1994). Protocol failure in the escrowed encryption standard. http://www.crypto.com/papers/eesproto.pdf</ref> A variety of social and technical problems, such as the high monetary and economic costs of implementation<ref name="Deutch96">Deutch, J. (1996). Memorandum for the president. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015182952/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000239468/DOC_0000239468.pdf</ref> and weaknesses in the encryption algorithm<ref name="Blaze94 /> meant that the Clipper Chip was never adopted. ===Key Recovery=== Following the Clipper Chip's failure, the Clinton Administration proposed a system it called "key recovery." In this system, trusted third party organizations would hold users' keys and provide them to law enforcement upon request.<ref name="Deutch96" /> At the time of this proposal encryption technology was still classified as a munition, making it illegal to export from the United States. With the backing of the CIA, the Clinton Administration proposed weakening these restrictions as long as companies agreed to develop key recovery technology.<ref name="Deutch96" /> By doing this, the Administration hoped to make key recovery the standard domestically and globally, giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies access to encrypted data worldwide. Organized groups within the Clinton Administration had opposing views on this issue. Though the Administration, with the internal backing of the CIA, publicly supported this key recovery plan, the Justice Department internally opposed it, believing that the plan did not go far enough and proposing that the law be modified to only allow the export and import of encryption technology that worked with key recovery systems.<ref name="Deutch96" /> Outside of government, many prominent groups opposed the plan for largely the same reasons that they had opposed the Clipper Chip. Trade groups such as the [[w:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)]] and [[w:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] opposed the plan on economic, technical, and moral grounds. They believed that these restrictions would put American companies at an economic disadvantage while ultimately proving insecure and threatening civil freedoms.<ref>IEEE and ACM. (1997). Letter to Senator John McCain. http://usacm.acm.org/images/documents/spna_letter.pdf</ref> Ultimately legislation implementing the proposal never passed the Senate.<ref>McCain, J. (1997). Secure Public Networks Act. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d105:s909:</ref> === EARN IT Act === Following earlier proposals, more recent legislative efforts have taken indirect approaches to the issue of encrypted data. One example is the EARN IT Act<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen. Graham |first=Lindsey [R-SC |date=2020-07-20 |title=S.3398 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): EARN IT Act of 2020 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3398 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>, first introduced in 2020. Rather than requiring companies to provide direct access to encrypted communications, the proposal focuses on limiting liability protections under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for platforms that do not follow certain guidelines related to preventing illegal content. Supporters argue that this approach would help law enforcement investigate serious crimes, while critics contend that it could pressure companies to monitor user communications or reduce the use of end-to-end encryption. Although the proposal has not been fully enacted, it represents a shift toward indirect methods of influencing how companies design and manage encrypted systems. === Recent Developments in Encryption Technology === Since the early proposals such as the Clipper Chip and Key Recovery, encryption technology has changed significantly. Many major communication platforms such as WhatsApp, Signal, and iMessage began adopting end-to-end encryption by default, allowing only the sender and recipient to read messages. This shift made encrypted communication widely respected as the industry standard rather than a new technology. The Signal Protocol is especially notable due to its use of the double ratchet algorithm and asynchronous messaging support, which helped contribute to the widespread trust of end to end encryption algorithms<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Signal Encryption Protocol? |language=en-US |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/signal-encryption-protocol-hacker-lexicon/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>. Many companies have also adopted “zero-knowledge” systems, where the service provider cannot access user data at all. Companies such as Proton AG design their systems so that they do not hold the keys needed to decrypt user information which results in the impossibility with complying with law enforcement. At the same time, smartphone manufacturers improved device security. Companies such as Apple and Google introduced full-device encryption and secure hardware features that protect data stored on phones. These systems make it difficult to access data even when a device is physically obtained. Another development is the growth of cloud storage and backups. User data is often stored on remote servers, which may be subject to different forms of access by law enforcement depending on how the data is encrypted. Apple’s advanced data protection launched in December of 2022 extended encryption to iCloud and furthered companies’ initiative to extend security to protect side channels previously used by law enforcement to access data<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The widespread use of encryption was even adopted by government agencies as detailed by the NDAA (National District Attorneys Association) in their 2018 Cybersecurity Standards. This proposal was created in the aim of strengthening technical security though restricting use of international products and funding a board to strengthen IT infrastructure. In response to these changes, law enforcement agencies have developed new methods for obtaining data. Rather than attempting to weaken encryption systems directly, agencies such as the FBI have used techniques such as device hacking and forensic analysis. These methods often target the device itself, where data may be available in unencrypted form. ===Current Status=== Though there have been many proposals for extending law enforcement's access to encrypted data in the United States, no proposals on the scale of the Clipper Chip or key recovery have come into effect. Companies and individuals can generally develop and use cryptography systems freely. Encrypted communication has become more widespread in recent years. Many commonly used applications now use end-to-end encryption by default, which limits access to message content. This has increased the difficulty for law enforcement agencies attempting to obtain certain types of digital evidence. Recent criminal investigations where the United States Justice Department was unable to retrieve encrypted information from phones, along with concerns over terrorist attacks, have led policymakers to renew calls for expanding law enforcement's access to encrypted data, bringing the issue back into the public eye. At the same time, law enforcement practices have changed. Agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation have made use of alternative methods to access data, including digital forensic tools and device-based investigations. In some cases, agencies obtain data from devices directly or from associated cloud accounts rather than attempting to decrypt communications. There has also been increased use of tools developed by private companies, such as Cellebrite, which assist in extracting data from locked devices. These developments show that, while encryption presents challenges, law enforcement agencies continue to adapt their methods. Despite ongoing debate, there is still no clear consensus on how to balance privacy and law enforcement access. As encryption technology continues to develop, this issue is likely to remain an area of discussion in the future. ==Support for Expanded Law Enforcement Access== In the United States and abroad, many organized groups want to give government agencies expanded power to read encrypted data in order to prevent and prosecute criminal activity. Government and law enforcement organizations are the most prominent of these groups. === The Obama Administration === In the aftermath of the [[w: November_2015_Paris_attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] and [[w: 2015_San_Bernardino_shooting|San Bernardino]], President Obama gave a national address about responding to future threats.<ref> White House. (2015). Address to the Nation by the President. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/06/address-nation-president </ref> One step in the plan is to prevent criminal activity on encrypted channels.<ref>Rampton, R. (2015). Obama appeals to Silicon Valley for help with online anti-extremist campaign. http://www.reuters.com/article/california-shooting-cyber-idUSKBN0TQ0A320151207</ref> However, it is unclear by what means the administration intends this to be accomplished. Earlier in the year, the Obama administration conceded its fight to make tech companies add a [[w: Backdoor_(computing)|backdoor]] to encryption, agreeing that doing so would weaken defenses against foreign governments and cybercriminals.<ref name="obama">Perlroth, N. & Sanger, D. (2015). Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/politics/obama-wont-seek-access-to-encrypted-user-data.html</ref> One of the Administration’s fears is that requiring a backdoor for companies in the United States would set a similar precedent for American companies in other countries, such as China.<ref name="obama"></ref> === Federal Bureau of Investigation === The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently fought with Apple over encryption in iMessage.<ref>Hern, A. (2015). Apple's Encryption Means It Can't Comply with US Court Order. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/08/apple-encryption-comply-us-court-order-iphone-imessage-justice</ref> In the newest versions of iOS, iMessage uses [[w: end-to-end encryption|end-to-end encryption]] so that only the sender and recipient can read messages<ref name = "Apple privacy">Apple. (2015). Our Approach to Privacy. http://www.apple.com/privacy/approach-to-privacy/</ref>, making it impossible for law enforcement to access encrypted content. FBI Director [[w: James Comey|James Comey]] compared this to an unlockable door and said that a warrant should be all that is required to access this data<ref>Nakashima, E. (2015). With Court Order, Federal Judge Seeks to Fuel Debate About Data Encryption. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-judge-stokes-debate-about-data-encryption/2015/10/10/c75da20e-6f6f-11e5-9bfe-e59f5e244f92_story.html</ref>. Comey noted how a terrorist who attempted to attack an event in Texas in May 2015 had been communicating with other terrorists abroad using encrypted messages<ref>Harte, J. & Volz, D. (2015). Shooter at Texas 'Draw Mohammed' Contest Messaged Foreign Militants: FBI. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-texas-shooting-comey-idUSKBN0TS2FU20151209</ref>, implying that these messages would have given authorities advance notice of the attempt had they been intercepted and read. The United States has no [[w: key disclosure law|key disclosure law]], unlike Canada, the UK, and France, effectively keeping these encrypted messages a secret. While key disclosure allows agencies to access encrypted data, it only helps when the suspect is known. It is useful for gathering evidence, but not for intelligence, when fast response times are necessary, especially in preventing terrorist attacks. === United Kingdom's Cameron Administration === Similar battles are happening outside the United States. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister [[w:David Cameron|David Cameron]] has spoken out against apps that send encrypted messages because most of them cannot be read by government.<ref name="cameron">Bienkov, A. (2015). David Cameron: Twitter and Facebook Privacy is Unsustainable. http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/david-cameron-twitter-and-facebook-privacy-is-unsustainable</ref> Cameron argued that, in the past, government agents could get a warrant and intercept phone calls or mail, but now there are channels that government cannot access, creating a “safe space” for criminals and terrorists.<ref name="cameron" /> Cameron would like legislation that bans apps that use encryption unless the app has a government backdoor.<ref name="cameron"></ref> === National District Attorneys Association === The National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) has been a vocal opponent of "warrant-proof" encryption.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=American Data Privacy Protection Act Concerns - Sept. 26, 2022 - National District Attorneys Association |url=https://www.ndaa.org/news/-american-data-privacy-protection-act-concerns---sept-26-2022 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ndaa.org |language=en}}</ref> The NDAA argues that while consumer data protection policies are needed to keep Americans safe, they often come at the expense of making law enforcement more difficult to conduct. They specifically argue that tools used by law enforcement officers in critical early stages of investigations are hampered by encrypted devices and that there is no clear alternative to these tools<ref name=":4" />. Rather than focus on large mass casualty crimes as the FBI did, the NDAA chooses to highlight the difficulties in investigating crime that impacts most Americans' local communities such as carjacking and drug offenses. The NDAA appeals to readers' desire for safety and security by suggesting that anyone can be a victim of such crimes, and in doing so, serves as an appeal to lawmakers who are tasked with keeping their constituents happy and safe. ==Opposition to Expanded Law Enforcement Access== Not everyone is in favor of expanding the government's access to private encrypted data. According to a 2014 poll, a majority of Americans (54%) “disapprove” of bulk government collection of phone and internet records,<ref> Pew Research Center. (2014). Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology. http://www.people-press.org/files/2014/06/6-26-14-Political-Typology-release1.pdf </ref> and presidential candidates as diverse as [[w: Bernie Sanders | Bernie Sanders]]<ref>https://berniesanders.com/issues/war-and-peace/</ref> and [[w: Rand Paul | Rand Paul]]<ref>https://www.randpaul.com/issue/ending-nsa-spying</ref> have spoken in favor of reining in the [[w: National Security Agency | National Security Agency’s ]] [[w: PRISM (surveillance program) | data collection programs]] during the 2016 election cycle. Most opposition comes from participants with concerns over privacy or technical issues, though other factors such as economic issues are also relevant. ===Participants with Privacy Concerns=== Many opponents of government access to data do so on privacy grounds. For instance, [[w : Tim Cook | Apple CEO Tim Cook]], speaking about his company’s [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] service, said “we believe the contents of your text messages and your video chats is none of our business.”<ref>Cook, T. (2015). Speech at Electronic Privacy Information Center. http://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/apples-tim-cook-delivers-blistering-speech-on-encryption-privacy/#.ulz3r9:kVGu</ref> Groups like the [[w: Electronic Frontier Foundation | Electronic Frontier Foundation]]<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). https://www.eff.org</ref> advocate for reducing government access to data on privacy grounds and enjoy reasonable support, including a budget in the tens of millions of dollars.<ref> Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). Annual Report. https://www.eff.org/about/annual-reports-and-financials </ref> Privacy concerns are not a new topic in the social sciences, but researchers have struggled even to define "privacy."<ref>Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding privacy.</ref> Despite the difficulty in defining it, researchers have found that people place significant value on keeping their data private,<ref>Acquisti, A., John, L. K., & Loewenstein, G. (2013). What is privacy worth?. The Journal of Legal Studies, 42(2), 249-274.</ref> and concern over privacy is likely at least partially motivated by economic factors; companies like Apple even expressly use their protection of consumer privacy as a selling point.<ref name = "Apple privacy"></ref> Many tech companies have also used privacy concerns over access to encrypted data as marketing tools. Apple for example, has consistently promoted its products by highlighting a strong commitment to user privacy. It has repeatedly refused to create backdoors for the FBI and other law enforcement agencies, arguing that such access would weaken security for all users rather than serve as a limited investigative tool<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy - Government Information Requests |url=https://www.apple.com/privacy/government-information-requests/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref>. After public disapproval over proposed tools to automatically detect certain harmful content, Apple has expanded its encryption efforts beyond messaging to include services such as iCloud photos, device backups, and file storage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2022-12-07 |title=Apple announces plans to encrypt iCloud backups |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/07/apple-announces-plans-to-encrypt-icloud-backups.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>. Expanding on their efforts to protect encrypted user data, Apple has implemented zero knowledge encryption with Advanced Data Protection<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The technology ensures that even Apple is not aware of the encrypted data stored on its products, and removes their ability to comply with any requests for encrypted data, including lawful requests from law enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has consistently opposed any legislation that grants law enforcement access to encrypted data. The advocacy seeks to defend various individual rights and liberties and cites encryption is an essential tool protecting Americans' right to privacy. While many groups have highlighted the dangers warrant proof encryption poses to victims of crimes, the ACLU highlights the danger posed by any governmental access to such data. Such victims include whistleblowers, journalists, and activists. The ACLU has taken a clear stance against Apple's proposed system for automatically detecting child sexual abuse content on users' devices, arguing that even well-intended measures can introduce mechanisms that may be exploited or expanded over time. Their argument emphasizes that permitting law enforcement access may only be the first step toward a more restrictive state, warning of the long-term dangers to civil rights if such access is granted beyond its original intent<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillmor |first=Jennifer Stisa Granick, Daniel Kahn |date=2023-10-20 |title=The Vital Role of End-to-End Encryption {{!}} ACLU |url=https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/the-vital-role-of-end-to-end-encryption |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=American Civil Liberties Union |language=en-US}}</ref>. ===Participants with Technical Concerns=== Many participants oppose weakening encryption on technical grounds. The basic argument is that a[[w: Backdoor (computing) | backdoor]] for law enforcement means that the encryption cannot be perfectly secure, because an attacker could use the backdoor to gain entry. As the[[w: Information Technology Industry Council | Information Technology Industry Council]] said in a statement following calls to add backdoors after the [[w: November 2015 Paris attacks | Paris attacks ]] in November 2015, weakening encryption by adding backdoors “simply doesn’t make sense.”<ref>Information Technology Industry Council. (2015). http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-encryption-idUSKCN0T82SS20151119</ref> This is the same argument that security experts used when the[[w: Clipper Chip | Clipper Chip]] was proposed, and which ultimately helped defeat it.<ref>Abelson, H., Anderson, R. N., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., ... & Schneier, B. (1997). The risks of key recovery, key escrow, and trusted third-party encryption.</ref> Opponents also contend that adding backdoors to encryption systems will not actually help law enforcement defeat threats. Nate Cardozo, staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has said that "intel agencies are drowning in data... It's not about having enough data; it's a matter of not knowing what to do with the data they already have."<ref>Cardozo, N. (2015). http://www.wired.com/2015/11/paris-attacks-cia-director-john-brennan-what-he-gets-wrong-about-encryption-backdoors/ </ref> Reports that the 2015 Paris attacks (which have been cited in proposals for backdoors, including by[[w: Central Intelligence Agency | CIA]] director[[w: John O. Brennan | John Brennan]])<ref> Brennan, J. (2015). Speech at Center for Strategic International Studies. http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/11/brennan-paris-wakeup-call-europe-encryption/123732/ </ref> were planned using unencrypted communications only make this claim stronger.<ref> Froomkin, D. (2015). Signs point to unencrypted communications between terror suspects. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/ </ref> == Legal Framework and the Battle of Social Values == In legal settings, social values come under pressure when groups hold competing interests. Several court cases have influenced how society interprets key social values, adding legal, political, and social complexity to the question of how much access law enforcement should have to encrypted data - and when that access becomes too much. === <u>United States Constitution: The Foundation of Our Rights</u> === Almost every case in this chapter cites, interprets, or challenges two constitutional amendments. Before analyzing those interpretations, it is important to clearly establish what the referenced amendments say about our [[wikipedia:List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States|constitutional rights]]: ==== 4th Amendment ==== The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-iv |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> In many encryption-related cases, defendants argued that warrantless device and data seizures violated this amendment. Courts often agreed, reinforcing the need for warrants before accessing encrypted devices and data. Over the past 50 years, the amendment's interpretation has remained consistent, protecting individuals and groups' dignity, privacy, and autonomy. ==== 5th Amendment ==== The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-v |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> The 5th Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to provide testimonial evidence against themselves ([[wikipedia:Self-incrimination|self-incrimination)]]. It is also well known for the [[wikipedia:Due_Process_Clause|proper due process]] clause, which outline how searches, seizures, and arrests must be conducted. Courts examined whether entering a passcode or decrypting data communicated knowledge, such as ownership, control, or the existence of specific files. When decryption would reveal new information, the 5th Amendment applies. When the government can already describe the evidence with reasonable particularity, court have sometimes allowed compelled access. These cases shape how society negotiates differing social interests, ideas, and values, forcing courts and communities to decide which principles - privacy, autonomy, security, or public trust - should carry the most weight when digital information becomes part of criminal investigation. === <u>Cases on Personal Privacy vs. Public Safety</u> === The following court cases ''Smith v. Maryland, U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California,'' and ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' highlight the evolving legal battle over how far the government may go in accessing digital information in the name of public safety and justice. Together they illustrate how constitutional protections written in the 18th century are reinterpreted to address current technologies, from cell phone applications to location tracking. They also go beyond legal bounds and address competing social values, where law enforcement's interest in preventing harm and investigating crime sometimes conflicts society's growing expectation of personal privacy extending to a digital space. As each case redefines the balance between these values, it also influences how U.S. citizens understand their legal rights and the conditions under which those rights can be limited or lost. ==== ''Smith v. Maryland'' (1979) ==== In [[wikipedia:Smith_v._Maryland|''Smith v. Maryland'']], Michael Lee Smith was arrested and indicted for robbing Patricia McDonough. To confirm Smith's identity after cross-referencing against the victim's description, the police asked the telephone company to install a [[wikipedia:Pen_register|pen register]]. However, they did so without a warrant or court order, since they believed Smith was the source of threatening calls made to McDonough. Once the pen register confirmed outgoing numbers, police obtained a warrant to search Smith's residence, where they seized the phonebook and identified Smith to be the robber. At trial, Smith sought to suppress the evidence collected by the pen register since the police did not obtain a warrant to seize his telecommunication information "prior to its installation," which he claimed violated his 4th Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. On June 20, 1979, the court ruled in favor of Maryland, holding that Smith had no "legitimate expectation of privacy" in the numbers he dialed because he voluntarily conveyed that information to the phone company, which they recorded as a part of their regular business practices. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/442/735/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''U.S. v. Cotterman'' (2013) ==== ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Cotterman|U.S. v. Cotterman]]'' began when Howard Cotterman returned from Mexico and was flagged by the [[wikipedia:TECS|Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS)]] database due to prior sexual offenses. At Lukeville, Arizona port of entry, border patrol officers conducted two searches (the second after the TECS notification), finding two laptops and 3 cameras, which [[wikipedia:United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement|Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)]] later came and seized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hlr |date=2014-01-17 |title=United States v. Cotterman |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-127/ninth-circuit-holds-forensic-search-of-laptop-seized-at-border-requires-showing-of-reasonable-suspicion-ae-united-states-v-cotterman-709-f-3d-952-9th-cir-2013-en-banc/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> After conducting an off-site digital forensic search, the government found hundreds of files containing child pornography on Cotterman's devices, and they indicted him for possession of such digital content. Cotterman motioned to suppress the evidence gained from the devices, claiming the forensic search violated the 4th Amendment. The United States argued that there are exceptions to the 4th Amendment regarding border searches. After being granted then reversed, the case was reheard [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/en_banc en banc]. The Ninth Circuit en banc finally held that the United States violated Cotterman's 4th Amendment rights, saying that forensic, comprehensive searches of digital devices at the border require reasonable suspicion, recognizing the heightened privacy interests in electronic data. ==== ''Riley v. California'' (2014) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:Riley_v._California|Riley v. California]],'' David Riley was stopped for a traffic violation, arrested on weapons charges, and had his cell phone seized and searched without a warrant, linking Riley to gang affiliation and involvement in a prior shooting. Riley moved to suppress the phone evidence, but the lower court denied his motion. A similar case, ''U.S. v. Wurie'' (2014), involved a similar warrantless search of a flip phone that linked Wurie to a drug stash in his apartment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Wurie |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/13-212 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court reviewed both cases together and ultimately decided that "the police generally may not, without a warrant, search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>. As a result, Riley's conviction was reversed while Wurie's case ruling was sustained. ==== ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' (2018) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Carpenter_v._United_States|Carpenter v. U.S.]]'' is similar to ''Riley v. California,'' in regard to how both involved data associated with cell phones. However, in the Carpenter case, police arrested four men with connection to an armed robbery. One of the men confessed and gave his number and all of the numbers of the other participants to the FBI, which they used to obtain orders to gain transactional records on each phone number. This was granted under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. 2703(d)]], which provides the government the ability to "require the disclosure of certain telecommunication records when 'specific and articulable facts show[] that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records or other information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.'"<ref>Carpenter v. United States. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402</nowiki></ref> The transactional records included evidential data about phone call location data and other [[wikipedia:Cell_site|cell site]] location information (CSLI). Timothy Carpenter moved to suppress the evidence gained from the CSLI data, arguing it violated the 4th Amendment. Ultimately, the Supreme Court narrowly sided with Carpenter, stating the warrantless search and seizure of phone users' location data violated the 4th Amendment, but this case also extended the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], which was originally established in ''Smith v. Maryland'' and ''U.S. v. Miller'' (1976). ==== Social Analysis: Privilege of Privacy Amongst Individuals ==== While ''Smith v. Maryland'' established early boundaries for digital privacy through the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], the struggle between digital privacy and the government's duty to ensure public safety and promote the general welfare remains foundationally contested. Later cases ''U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California, and Carpenter v. U.S.'' shifted the legal landscape by recognizing that digital privacy is not merely limited to or defined by location, device, or type of data. Further, these decisions affirm that modern technology and encrypted data function as extensions of one's identity: "phones are no longer merely phones, but important communication ...[and] data centers, and perhaps most significantly, loci for the digital culture."<ref>Steven I. Friedland, Riley v. California and the Stickiness Principle, 14 ''Duke Law & Technology Review'' 121-139 (2016)</ref> In a world where personal identity, social life, and daily conduct are increasingly mediated through digital platforms, individuals carry with them an expectation of privacy that is qualitatively different from what was considered in the past. However, this expectation is not universally accepted or consistently interpreted. The ability to protect one's digital privacy, through encryption, secure devices, and knowledge of digital rights, often underlines developing social privileges. As governments and courts continue to define the limitations and applications of privacy in an evolving cyber-physical space, tensions will continue to emerge between expanding privacy protections and ensuring that privacy is not viewed as a hindrance to justice, safety, or accountability. These tensions have been heightened by the recent rise in AI surveillance and automated data decryption services, where, as the [[wikipedia:American_Civil_Liberties_Union|ACLU]] notes, "the automated nature of these systems means that traditional limitations on police resources—once a vital check on government overreach—have been effectively eliminated."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2026 |title=AI-Powered Surveillance Is Turning the United States into a Digital Police State. Now is the Time to Stop It. |url=https://www.aclum.org/publications/ai-powered-surveillance-is-turning-the-united-states-into-a-digital-police-state-now-is-the-time-to-stop-it/ |website=ACLU of Massachusetts |language=en-US}}</ref> These cases reveal that privacy is not only a legal right but a social resource - one that is unevenly accessible, persistently contested, and potentially constrained depending on the level of influence and position one has within society, public institutions, and digital systems. === <u>Cases on Digital Autonomy vs. Law Enforcement's Authority</u> === These cases highlight a nearly twenty year trend in how courts navigate the tension between personal digital autonomy and expanding authority of law enforcement. Central to this is the forgone conclusion doctrine, a limited exception to the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause that can compel an individual to release encrypted data and passcodes if three factors are met: # The Government has knowledge of the existence of the evidence demanded # The defendant possessed or controlled the evidence, and # The evidence is authentic. The government must also be able to describe the evidence with "reasonable particularity." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foregone Conclusion Doctrine Allows Government to Make Criminal Defendant Disclose Computer Password |url=https://goldsteinmehta.com/blog/foregone-conclusion-doctrine |website=Goldstein Mehta LLC |language=en-US}}</ref> Although this doctrine is framed as a narrow case-by-case rule, its application in the digital era shifts power toward law enforcement in situations where devices and encrypted data act as extensions of personal identity, memory, and autonomy. As encryption continues to become a default feature of everyday technology, compelled-decryption cases raise questions about how much control individuals retain over their data and whether constitutional protections can keep up with rapidly evolving digital systems. While many courts, often citing ''In re Boucher'', have supported decryption under the doctrine, cases such as ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' emphasizes that society still recognizes meaningful limits on government authority and continue to affirm the social and legal value of personal digital autonomy. ==== ''In re Boucher Case'' (2009) ==== The [[wikipedia:In_re_Boucher|''In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Boucher'' case]] arose when Sebastien Boucher was arrested at the border between Canada and Vermont, where an officer's secondary inspection led to the discovery of child pornography on Boucher's computer. However, after seizing the laptop and once the computer was shut down, the hard drive's content could not be viewed again without entering in a passphrase. A Secret Service computer forensics expert testified that the drive had been encrypted using [[wikipedia:Pretty_Good_Privacy|Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)]] software and there was no backdoor for this type of encryption software.<ref>Pfefferkorn, Riana, In Re Boucher: Hard Drives Make Pretty Good Law? Encryption Passphrases as Testimonial Evidence Under the Fifth Amendment (February 1, 2009). Available at SSRN: <nowiki>https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883697</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1883697</nowiki></ref> In response, the grand jury subpoenaed Boucher to release the passphrases to the government, in which Boucher successfully moved to quash the subpoena, initially. Boucher argued that this violated his 5th Amendment rights against self-incrimination, but after further review the U.S. District Court for Vermont reversed the initial grant. The reasoning for this reversal is that since the files sought allegedly contain child pornographic content, the entry of the password is incriminating and therefore the real question is whether the "subpoena seeks testimonial communication." Also, both parties agreed that the content in the files did not share the same 5th Amendment privileges as revealing the password, as the files were "voluntarily prepared" and not testimonial.<ref>In Re Boucher (United States District Court for the District of Vermont November 29, 2009). <nowiki>https://www.volokh.com/files/Boucher.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> The real question lies in whether entry of the password, and ultimately handing the files over to the government, would be testimonial and a violation of the 5th Amendment. The final verdict states that "Boucher has no act of production privilege to refuse to provide the grand jury with an unencrypted version of the Z drive of his computer," and that "the government may not make use of Boucher's act of production to authenticate the unencrypted Z drive or its contents either before the grand jury or a petit jury," ultimately legally compelling Boucher to decrypt his device and hand the files to the government.<ref>In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, <nowiki>https://yalelawtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/boucher_-_sessions_-_appeal.pdf</nowiki> (United States District Court for the District of Vermont. February 19, 2009).</ref> This case became a significant landmark of [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure law]] through being regarded as [[wikipedia:Case_law|case law]], and its influence is significant in several other court cases discussed in the battle of self autonomy and authority. ==== ''U.S. v. Doe'' (Dated March 25, 2011) ==== In the case of ''U.S. v. Doe,'' FBI agents seized two laptops and five external hard drives from a man under investigation, but the data was stored behind an encryption program assumed to be [[wikipedia:TrueCrypt|TrueCrypt]]. When ordered by a grand jury to produce unencrypted contents of the hard drives, he invoked the 5th Amendment, claiming a breach of protections against self-incrimination. Specifically, Doe argued that "the Government’s use of the decrypted contents of the hard drives would constitute derivative use of his immunized testimony, use not protected by the district court’s grant of immunity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011, USA v. John Doe, No. 11-12268 (11th Cir. 2012) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/11-12268/11-12268-2012-02-23.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Doe also explained he was unable to decrypt the hard drive (which was disregarded in this case as well as the appeal case), but ultimately the court held Doe in contempt and jailed him. After appealing the decision, the circuit court ruled that decrypting the data is testimonial and therefore protected by the 5th Amendment (in favor of Doe), a comparably different outcome than seen in ''In re Boucher'' and ''U.S. v. Fricosu,'' and a significant limitation on the foregone conclusion doctrine. ==== ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' (2012) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Fricosu|U.S. v. Fricosu]],'' the FBI obtained a search warrant for Colorado resident Ramona Fricosu under suspicion of mortgage fraud. During the search, agents seized six computers. One of the six computers seized was password-encrypted by a program called PGP Desktop, which "provides easy to use and secure encryption to protect sensitive data on your laptop or desktop computers." <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Symantec Encryption Desktop? (formerly known as PGP Desktop Encryption) |url=https://help.uillinois.edu/TDClient/37/uic/KB/PrintArticle?ID=776 |website=help.uillinois.edu}}</ref> The day after the execution of the search warrant, Fricosu made a call to her incarcerated divorced ex-husband, and the recorded conversation revealed that both her and her ex-husband were aware of the content in her laptop, as well as the encryption program and her legal instruction to not provide any passwords, as protected by the 5th Amendment. In closing, several facts of the case (including file names, location of laptop, and connection to her ex-husband and his convictions) led the court to hold that Fricosu is legally compelled to provide an unencrypted copy of the files to the government as evidence, aligning with the ''In re Boucher'' case and applying the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Fricosu, Criminal Case No. 10–cr–00509–REB–02. {{!}} D. Colo., Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914e216add7b049348ee62f |website=https://www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' (2012) ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' is another case regarding compelled decryption via [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure laws]] influenced by ''In re Boucher''. Leon I. Gelfgatt, an attorney, was indicted with seventeen counts of forgery of a document, seventeen counts of [[wikipedia:Uttering|uttering]] a forged instrument, and three counts of attempting to commit larceny. The charges came from allegations against Gelfgatt that he conducted a scheme, using several computers, to receive ill-obtained funds that he used to pay mortgage loans for residential properties. The Commonwealth asked the judge to grant legal compulsion of Gelfgatt to decrypt his computers, in which the judge denied originally but asked for higher-level advisement on the question:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/2014/sjc-11358.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> "Can the defendant be compelled pursuant to the Commonwealth's proposed protocol to provide his key to seized encrypted digital evidence despite the rights and protections provided by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article Twelve of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights?"<ref name=":0" /> The Supreme Judicial Court, after further review of the law in question, reversed the judges denial to the Commonwealth's request for Gelfgatt's compulsion, implying in their verdict that "the government can ... compel the defendant to produce it [digital evidence] where it already knows what the information is, and the defendant’s disclosure would add little or nothing to what the government’s knowledge," another application of the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Zoraida |date=2019-03-20 |title=Can the Commonwealth Compel You to Unlock Your Cell Phone? SJC Clarifies Certain Circumstances in Which it Can |url=https://www.bostonlawyerblog.com/can-the-commonwealth-compel-you-to-unlock-your-cell-phone-sjc-clarifies-certain-circumstances-in-which-it-can/ |website=Boston Lawyer Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' (2019) ==== The ''In re: Search of A Residence in Oakland, California'' case presents a notably different application of the 4th and 5th Amendments in a cyber-physical system, compared to cases like ''In re Boucher'', ''U.S. v. Fricosu'', and ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt.'' In this case, the government was investigating two individuals suspected of committing extortion scheme conducted through Facebook Messenger. The government's warrant application asked for the authority to search the Oakland residence and seize all digital devices on the premise, and to compel any individual present to unlock the devices through [[wikipedia:Biometrics|biometric]] features, even if they were not the subjects of the warrant. The magistrate judge denied the application, finding that "while the Government had probable cause to search the premises under the Fourth Amendment, it did not have probable cause to search and seize ''all'' digital devices nor compel their unlocking using biometric features because the search warrant application was not limited to digital devices owned or controlled by the suspects."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Nowell D. Bamberger, Melissa Gohlke, Sameer Jaywant |date=2019-01-23 |title=Court Holds That 5th Amendment Self-Incrimination Privilege Precludes Compelling Fingerprint or Facial Recognition Access to Digital Devices {{!}} Cleary Enforcement Watch |language=en-US |work=Cleary Enforcement Watch |url=https://www.clearyenforcementwatch.com/2019/01/court-holds-5th-amendment-self-incrimination-privilege-precludes-compelling-fingerprint-facial-recognition-access-digital-devices/}}</ref> Citing ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' in 2018, the court emphasized how "the advancement of technology should not be accompanied by an erosion in the constitutional rights of the people, and that courts should vigilantly guard against such erosion."<ref name=":1" /> In its final reasoning, the court held that biometric data cannot be compelled to unlock devices, including "fingers, thumbs, facial recognition, optical/iris, or any other biometric feature to unlock electronic devices." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baron |first=Ethan |last2=News |first2=The Mercury |date=2019-01-16 |title=Biometrics Ruling Limits How Police Can Access a Smartphone |url=https://www.govtech.com/products/Biometrics-Ruling-Limits-How-Police-Can-Access-a-Smartphone.html |website=GovTech |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''State v. Andrews'' (2020) ==== ''State v. Andrews'' began with the arrest of Quincy Lowery for suspected involvement in a New Jersey drug-trafficking ring. However, Lowery confessed officer Robert Andrews helped him evade detection by warning Lowery of the wiretap on his phone and the GPS tracker on his Jeep. Lowery even showed the investigators the text messages to prove such evidence, but because he reset his phone a month earlier, most of the text messages were wiped. Officers requested Andrews to hand over his two iPhones, in which Andrews did so voluntarily without giving out the passwords to unlock them. Without a way to effectively decrypt the passwords, the State obtained warrants for the phones' contents and motioned for Andrews to reveal the passwords. Andrews refused citing the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause. Once the trial court supported the State's motion and Andrews appealed the courts decision, the appeals court upheld the trial court's decision, stating "because the State had already established that Andrews owned, possessed, and controlled his iPhones, his act of producing their passcodes, while 'testimonial,' fell under this 'foregone conclusion' exception."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-04-12 |title=State v. Andrews |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/state-v-andrews/ |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Andrews appealed the decision again, and the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed both lower courts, holding "that the Fifth Amendment privilege was overcome by the government’s knowledge of three key facts: the passcodes’ existence, their possession by the defendant, and their authenticity,"<ref name=":2" /> ultimately compelling Andrews to reveal the passwords to the iPhones. ==== Social Analysis: Increasing Authority at the Cost of Digital Autonomy ==== The current U.S. legal landscape underlines a shift in how society balances personal digital autonomy against government authority. As courts increasingly apply the forgone conclusion doctrine to encrypted devices and data, they reshape social expectations about privacy, identity, and government authority. With digital devices functioning as extensions of our lives, compelled decryption has social implications far beyond traditional evidence production. Cases such as ''In re Boucher, U.S. v. Fricosu, Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt,'' and ''State v. Andrews'' have normalized broader government access to encrypted data, strengthening a social narrative that national security interests outweigh individual control over digital identity. This could erode trust and accountability, particularly in communities already skeptical of law enforcement, and may create concerning effects on expression, association, and political participation. As compelled access becomes more routine, society risks normalizing a surveillance-based relationship between citizens and the government. However, cases like ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' demonstrate the value digital autonomy and the importance of limiting the government's power when compelled decryption becomes indistinguishable from self-incrimination. Advocacies, professional organizations, and non-profits also play a crucial role in shaping both the public's view and judicial reasoning. For example, the [[wikipedia:Electronic_Frontier_Foundation|Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF)]] wrote amicus briefs (a legal document providing advice, information, or arguments related to a case) for both ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' and ''U.S. v. Doe'', consistently arguing that the 5th Amendment protected individuals from all forms of compelled decryption. They emphasized that the different outcomes in these cases resulted from not doctrinal inconsistency but from the defendant's own disclosures, underlining how "silence is golden." Noting how "Boucher talked to law enforcement" and "Fricosu talked to her ex-husband and co-defendant in jail," the EFF claims "it was this talking that defeated their Fifth Amendment privilege through the foregone conclusion doctrine."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhoury |first=Hanni |date=2012-03-07 |title=A Tale of Two Encryption Cases |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/03/tale-two-encryption-cases |website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Together, the legal and social proponents of conflicting civil liberties, often driven by strong social values, illustrate a battle over the definition of digital autonomy, one which courts, civil liberties organizations, and the public are actively shaping the future boundaries of state authority in an increasingly data-driven society. === <u>Cases on Managing Public Trust & Accountability</u> === This final section addresses the critical but often overlooked social values of public trust and accountability, particularly in the management of personal data. As emerging technologies such as [[wikipedia:Quantum_computing|quantum computing]], [[wikipedia:Artificial_intelligence|AI]], and [[wikipedia:Edge_computing|edge computing]] reshape how information is stored and accessed, public trust in institutions responsible for protecting digital rights has become increasingly fragile. People typically rely on governments, courts, and large organizations to act as stewards of their data and to ensure that justice is upheld when digital rights are threatened. However, the following cases reveal a series of paradoxes, where entities display conflicting interests in data management and the legal framework governing their practices lag behind the change in technology. These tensions propose significant questions in who truly manages data and, by extension, who the public can trust to enact accountability in an increasingly digital world. ==== ''U.S. v. Microsoft'' (2018) ==== [[File:BalticServers data center.jpg|thumb|Data centers hold vast amounts of information about millions of individuals and organizations, making them a significant source of digital evidence.]] In ''[[wikipedia:Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States|U.S. v. Microsoft]],'' the FBI in 2013 obtained a warrant under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act]] requiring Microsoft to release encrypted email and other information connected to one of their customers that was under suspicion of being involved in illegal drug trafficking. Microsoft refused to comply, arguing these emails were stored in its Dublin, Ireland data center and that the SCA did not authorize U.S. courts to compel production of data outside of its borders. Microsoft moved to quash the warrant, questioning how a United States federal law can be enforced outside of U.S. borders. While the move to quash the warrant was denied by the district court, Microsoft appealed the ruling and was granted their motion to quash it by the Second Circuit court. The U.S. Department of Justice petitioned to review the new decision, claiming that the warrant was "a domestic application of the SCA," and that the appealed decision "would be 'impractical and detrimental to law enforcement' and that the use of the SCA to obtain user data stored abroad would respect 'the United States’ international obligations.'"<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=https://epic.org/documents/united-states-v-microsoft/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> After the Supreme Court granted the petition and planned to hold another hearing, the federal government enacted the [[wikipedia:CLOUD_Act|Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act)]], which in essence established that U.S. service providers must produce data within their possession, custody, or control regardless of where the data is physically stored. This ultimately led to the case being dismissed as unnecessary and Microsoft being legally compelled by the CLOUD Act to obtain and provide the data from its Irish datacenter, due to Microsoft being a U.S. company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft Corp., 584 U.S. ___ (2018) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/584/17-2/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>United States v. Microsoft Corporation. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/17-2</nowiki></ref> ==== ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' (2021) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Van_Buren_v._United_States|Van Buren v. U.S.]]'' addresses access to encrypted data very differently from ''U.S. v. Microsoft''. Georgia police sergeant Nathan Van Buren was bribed by Andrew Albo, who was cooperating with an FBI sting operation, to run a license plate search on a possible undercover cop. Van Buren complied to the request, and through the [[wikipedia:Crime_information_center|Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)]] he used his authorized credentials to look up the provided license plate to confirm the identity of an undercover cop. Although officers are trained that GCIC access is strictly limited to law enforcement purposes specifically, Van Buren technically accessed only information he was already authorized to view. He was charged with violating the [[wikipedia:Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act|Computer Fraud & Abuse Act (CFAA)]], which he petitioned for review claiming that he technically did not exceed access authority as a law enforcement official with proper credentials to access the GCIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Buren v. United States |url=https://epic.org/documents/van-buren-v-united-states/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The court argued that "the purpose in using the system was immaterial," and with there being no purpose limitation cited in the CFAA, "Van Buren was authorized to access the database and di not violate the CFAA."<ref name=":3">Scott T. Lashway and Matthew M.K. Stein, ''Signs Inscribed on a Gate: The Impact of Van Buren v. United States on Civil Claims Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act'', 44 W. New Eng. L. Rev. 109 (2022), <nowiki>https://digitalcommons.law.wne.edu/lawreview/vol44/iss1/5</nowiki></ref> The court also made three important notes regarding the outcome and implications of this case and the CFAA, stating as follows: # Amending the CFAA to include a purpose-based limitation criminalizes ordinary conduct, such as when an employee uses a business computer to send and check personal emails. # Purpose-based limitations are unstable and potentially unclear, blurring what is considered "normal" and "criminal" conduct. # The CFAA was only concerned in Van Buren's credentials, not his purpose for accessing GCIC records. Future disputes may address how contracts, policies, and terms of service interact with the statute's access-based limitations. ==== Social Analysis: Continuously Balancing Restriction and Freedoms ==== [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800)(cropped).jpg|thumb|Thomas Jefferson recognized the power the public provides to its government, and the importance of the government maintaining the public's trust.]] As [[wikipedia:Thomas_Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] once stated, "when a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-01 |title=Basic Obligation of Public Service {{!}} U.S. Department of the Interior |url=https://www.doi.gov/ethics/basic-obligations-of-public-service |website=www.doi.gov |language=en}}</ref> The principal Jefferson emphasizes is that public institutions derive their legitimacy from the people and must remain accountable to them. Yet the modern legal framework surrounding encrypted data often moves in the opposite direction. In cases such as ''U.S. v. Microsoft,'' the government asserted authority beyond U.S. borders, raising important questions about which institutions, domestic or foreign, citizens are expected to trust with their digital lives. Microsoft and privacy advocates warned that if the U.S. can issue a warrant that legally compels decryption abroad, "other countries will in turn use their own laws to seize data stored in the U.S" which "could put Americans’ emails (and other data) at risk of seizure by foreign governments."<ref>Kruse, N. (2018, March 1). ''U.S. v. Microsoft: Is Your Data and Privacy at Risk?''. Byte Back. <nowiki>https://www.bytebacklaw.com/2018/03/u-s-v-microsoft-is-your-data-and-privacy-at-risk/</nowiki></ref> The CLOUD Act further complicates this landscape by shifting practical control of data from the government to private, for-profit corporations. Even when data is physically stored in another country, ownership and decision-making authority often remain with companies like Microsoft, Facebook, and Apple, who all supported the CLOUD Act and whose incentives are shaped not by democratic accountability but by reputation management, market pressures, and financial interests. This raises two currently unanswered questions of public trust: first, how can citizens trust governmental systems when jurisdictional boundaries blur and government authority extends beyond its traditional limits, and second, how can they trust corporations to act as responsible stewards of their data when their obligations to shareholders may conflict with the public's interest in privacy and autonomy? Furthermore, ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' produces a paradoxical outcome, where individuals protected from being criminalized for everyday digital behavior while simultaneously exposing the public to greater risks of insider misuses of encrypted data by law enforcement. The CFAA was originally designed to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information, but Van Buren narrowed its scope by rejecting any inquiry into a person's purpose for accessing data. In doing so, the court prevented the CFAA from becoming an overly broad "terms-of-service crime," yet it also removed a potential safeguard against officers who misuse their legitimate credentials to access personal information for improper reasons. As scholars note, the CFAA retains its force, "even with the purpose inquiry foreclosed: access may not be authorization, and authorization or its limits could be inferred from context and terms of use."<ref name=":3" /> Regardless, this case “does not definitively resolve the question of whether unauthorized access must be barred by a hardware or software gateway or if activity can become ‘unauthorized’ by a contractual ban" and “largely for that reason, the practical effects on the CFAA’s civil enforcement provisions remain to be seen.”<ref>Melanie Assad, Van Buren v. United States: An Employer Defeat or Hacker’s Victory – Or Something in Between, 21 UIC REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 166 (2022).</ref> From a public trust perspective, this creates a double-edged sword: the decision limits government overreach, yet it also leaves the public more vulnerable to the very actors entrusted with sensitive data, raising the difficult questions about accountability, oversight, and the social value of trust in law enforcement. Both ''U.S. v Microsoft'' and ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' offer different stories connected by their influence over public trust and accountability; one raises concerns about how far a government's authority extends and the inherent ownership of encrypted data by companies driven by the market and productivity, while the other is seen as a win for protecting individuals from accidental criminalization of normal activities and a loss for holding law enforcement accountable by removing an extra layer of protection through authorization and credentials. As technology changes and evolves, shaping the application of data encryption, management, and access, future litigations may arise, and the question of who will maintain the public's trust in data privacy and digital autonomy will most likely continue to be overlooked and potentially mishandled. All of these court cases point toward a future that will quickly challenge long-held and accepted social values, especially in regard to extending those values to encrypted digital or cyber-physical platforms, and it is up to all participants to make these social values known and considered, whether it is noted by an advocacy, non-profit organization, for-profit corporation, law enforcement agencies, regular citizens, or the courts. ==Conclusion== The struggle over law enforcement access to encrypted data is far from over. Future additions to this chapter should explain how the primary participants in the debate have changed as well as new legal and technological developments. One useful addition would be the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), which states that carriers are generally not responsible for decrypting communications unless they provide the encryption and possess the information needed to decrypt it. Also, more details about the All Writs Act and how it was used in the San Bernardino investigation would help contextualize the sentiment on this topic during the Obama administration. These examples would help show that the legal and social conflict over encryption is at times more critical than the technical aspect of encryption. Future updates could also discuss newer legislative and institutional participants. For example, the Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act in 2020 proposed requiring device manufacturers and service providers to assist law enforcement with access to encrypted data after a warrant. Even though this proposal did not become a law, it reveals the continued interest of Congress in the encryption debate and their framing of encrypted data as a public safety issue. Future additions could also discuss the Department of Justice and FBI's continued use of the phrase "lawful access," which presents encryption as a barrier to valid warrants rather than a privacy tool. This broadens the chapter beyond courts and technology companies by framing prosecutors, legislators, and executive agencies as important participants in the debate. Finally, the chapter could be improved by including ongoing and additional recent court cases. For example, United States v. Payne established that compelled use of a fingerprint to bypass biometric security on a phone was not testimonial communication and did not violate the Fifth Amendment. However, United States v. Brown had a similar situation of compelled biometric unlocking, but the D.C. Circuit decided that it did violate the Fifth Amendment. Other important cases include State v. Missak, which raises questions about how specific a warrant must be before police can search a cell phone, and State of New Mexico v. Meta Platforms, Inc. which concerns how Meta's end-to-end encryption significantly reduces their ability to detect child exploitation material on their platforms. These cases broaden the encryption debate and show that it isn't only about encryption backdoors, and more about biometric access, phone-search limits, and platform liability. This also shows how there are many competing social values in this debate such as values of privacy, safety, and accountability. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} 491p5mqebupa2debjjya8q3vujkoyss 4633570 4633568 2026-05-02T23:03:51Z PradeepRavi26 3580576 Added citations for conclusion 4633570 wikitext text/x-wiki Though once considered a munition<ref>US Department of State. (1992). Code of Federal Regulations. https://epic.org/crypto/export_controls/itar.html</ref>, [[w: Encryption software | encrypted communications]] have become commonplace in commercially available software. [[w:Apple Inc. | Apple’s]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] system, for instance, is [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]], meaning that no-one (not even Apple) can read a message except the sender and the recipient<ref>Apple Corporation. (2011). iOS 5 Press Release. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/06/06New-Version-of-iOS-Includes-Notification-Center-iMessage-Newsstand-Twitter-Integration-Among-200-New-Features.html</ref>. Apple now also encrypts all data on its [[w:IOS | iOS]] devices,<ref>Apple Corporation. (2014). iOS Security Guide, September 2014. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1302613-ios-security-guide-sept-2014.html</ref> and [[w:Google | Google]] does the same on its [[w: Android (operating system) | Android operating system]].<ref>Android Project. (2015). Full Disk Encryption. https://source.android.com/security/encryption/</ref> These systems prevent anyone besides the device owner from accessing the data on the device. Law enforcement agencies have had problems with this technology, however, because it also prevents them from viewing the data on phones, even when they have a search warrant. In one case, Apple refused to open a locked [[w: IPhone | iPhone]] for the [[w: Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI]] in a drug investigation,<ref>Appuzo, M., Sanger, D., Schmidt, M. (2015). Apple and Other Tech Companies Tangle with US Over Data Access. New York Times, September 8, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/08/us/politics/apple-and-other-tech-companies-tangle-with-us-over-access-to-data.html?_r=0 </ref> stating that doing so was impossible. Law enforcement agencies have argued that tech companies should provide them with a [[w: Backdoor (computing) | “backdoor,”]] a special way to decrypt messages that can only be used by law enforcement and which would require a search warrant.<ref>Comey, J. (2015). http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/08/fbi-chief-backdoor-access-encryption-isis</ref> In this chapter, we examine the sociotechnical forces surrounding this proposal in the United States and its allies. ==Background== Although relevant today, law enforcement's access to encrypted communications is not a new issue in the United States. As personal digital communication grew more common in the early 1990s, the Clinton Administration began to push for a way to "preserve a government capability to conduct electronic surveillance in furtherance of legitimate law enforcement and national security interests."<ref>White House. (1993). Public encryption management. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd5.htm</ref> There have been several subsequent proposals for policies directly addressing the issue, though a variety of technical and social issues have prevented any such policy from taking effect. ===Clipper Chip=== [[File:MYK-78 Clipper chip markings.jpg|thumb|Clipper Chip that could be included in the hardware of any personal computer or communication device]] The Clinton Administration's first proposal was the Clipper Chip, a hardware device designed by the United States government that manufacturers would build into their computers. This used a system called [[w: Key escrow | "key escrow"]] where each chip would be given a corresponding key that could decrypt any message encrypted by the chip. The key would be held by the United States government and released to law enforcement when legally required.<ref name="Blaze94">Blaze, M. (1994). Protocol failure in the escrowed encryption standard. http://www.crypto.com/papers/eesproto.pdf</ref> A variety of social and technical problems, such as the high monetary and economic costs of implementation<ref name="Deutch96">Deutch, J. (1996). Memorandum for the president. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015182952/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000239468/DOC_0000239468.pdf</ref> and weaknesses in the encryption algorithm<ref name="Blaze94 /> meant that the Clipper Chip was never adopted. ===Key Recovery=== Following the Clipper Chip's failure, the Clinton Administration proposed a system it called "key recovery." In this system, trusted third party organizations would hold users' keys and provide them to law enforcement upon request.<ref name="Deutch96" /> At the time of this proposal encryption technology was still classified as a munition, making it illegal to export from the United States. With the backing of the CIA, the Clinton Administration proposed weakening these restrictions as long as companies agreed to develop key recovery technology.<ref name="Deutch96" /> By doing this, the Administration hoped to make key recovery the standard domestically and globally, giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies access to encrypted data worldwide. Organized groups within the Clinton Administration had opposing views on this issue. Though the Administration, with the internal backing of the CIA, publicly supported this key recovery plan, the Justice Department internally opposed it, believing that the plan did not go far enough and proposing that the law be modified to only allow the export and import of encryption technology that worked with key recovery systems.<ref name="Deutch96" /> Outside of government, many prominent groups opposed the plan for largely the same reasons that they had opposed the Clipper Chip. Trade groups such as the [[w:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)]] and [[w:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] opposed the plan on economic, technical, and moral grounds. They believed that these restrictions would put American companies at an economic disadvantage while ultimately proving insecure and threatening civil freedoms.<ref>IEEE and ACM. (1997). Letter to Senator John McCain. http://usacm.acm.org/images/documents/spna_letter.pdf</ref> Ultimately legislation implementing the proposal never passed the Senate.<ref>McCain, J. (1997). Secure Public Networks Act. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d105:s909:</ref> === EARN IT Act === Following earlier proposals, more recent legislative efforts have taken indirect approaches to the issue of encrypted data. One example is the EARN IT Act<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen. Graham |first=Lindsey [R-SC |date=2020-07-20 |title=S.3398 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): EARN IT Act of 2020 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3398 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>, first introduced in 2020. Rather than requiring companies to provide direct access to encrypted communications, the proposal focuses on limiting liability protections under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for platforms that do not follow certain guidelines related to preventing illegal content. Supporters argue that this approach would help law enforcement investigate serious crimes, while critics contend that it could pressure companies to monitor user communications or reduce the use of end-to-end encryption. Although the proposal has not been fully enacted, it represents a shift toward indirect methods of influencing how companies design and manage encrypted systems. === Recent Developments in Encryption Technology === Since the early proposals such as the Clipper Chip and Key Recovery, encryption technology has changed significantly. Many major communication platforms such as WhatsApp, Signal, and iMessage began adopting end-to-end encryption by default, allowing only the sender and recipient to read messages. This shift made encrypted communication widely respected as the industry standard rather than a new technology. The Signal Protocol is especially notable due to its use of the double ratchet algorithm and asynchronous messaging support, which helped contribute to the widespread trust of end to end encryption algorithms<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Signal Encryption Protocol? |language=en-US |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/signal-encryption-protocol-hacker-lexicon/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>. Many companies have also adopted “zero-knowledge” systems, where the service provider cannot access user data at all. Companies such as Proton AG design their systems so that they do not hold the keys needed to decrypt user information which results in the impossibility with complying with law enforcement. At the same time, smartphone manufacturers improved device security. Companies such as Apple and Google introduced full-device encryption and secure hardware features that protect data stored on phones. These systems make it difficult to access data even when a device is physically obtained. Another development is the growth of cloud storage and backups. User data is often stored on remote servers, which may be subject to different forms of access by law enforcement depending on how the data is encrypted. Apple’s advanced data protection launched in December of 2022 extended encryption to iCloud and furthered companies’ initiative to extend security to protect side channels previously used by law enforcement to access data<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The widespread use of encryption was even adopted by government agencies as detailed by the NDAA (National District Attorneys Association) in their 2018 Cybersecurity Standards. This proposal was created in the aim of strengthening technical security though restricting use of international products and funding a board to strengthen IT infrastructure. In response to these changes, law enforcement agencies have developed new methods for obtaining data. Rather than attempting to weaken encryption systems directly, agencies such as the FBI have used techniques such as device hacking and forensic analysis. These methods often target the device itself, where data may be available in unencrypted form. ===Current Status=== Though there have been many proposals for extending law enforcement's access to encrypted data in the United States, no proposals on the scale of the Clipper Chip or key recovery have come into effect. Companies and individuals can generally develop and use cryptography systems freely. Encrypted communication has become more widespread in recent years. Many commonly used applications now use end-to-end encryption by default, which limits access to message content. This has increased the difficulty for law enforcement agencies attempting to obtain certain types of digital evidence. Recent criminal investigations where the United States Justice Department was unable to retrieve encrypted information from phones, along with concerns over terrorist attacks, have led policymakers to renew calls for expanding law enforcement's access to encrypted data, bringing the issue back into the public eye. At the same time, law enforcement practices have changed. Agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation have made use of alternative methods to access data, including digital forensic tools and device-based investigations. In some cases, agencies obtain data from devices directly or from associated cloud accounts rather than attempting to decrypt communications. There has also been increased use of tools developed by private companies, such as Cellebrite, which assist in extracting data from locked devices. These developments show that, while encryption presents challenges, law enforcement agencies continue to adapt their methods. Despite ongoing debate, there is still no clear consensus on how to balance privacy and law enforcement access. As encryption technology continues to develop, this issue is likely to remain an area of discussion in the future. ==Support for Expanded Law Enforcement Access== In the United States and abroad, many organized groups want to give government agencies expanded power to read encrypted data in order to prevent and prosecute criminal activity. Government and law enforcement organizations are the most prominent of these groups. === The Obama Administration === In the aftermath of the [[w: November_2015_Paris_attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] and [[w: 2015_San_Bernardino_shooting|San Bernardino]], President Obama gave a national address about responding to future threats.<ref> White House. (2015). Address to the Nation by the President. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/06/address-nation-president </ref> One step in the plan is to prevent criminal activity on encrypted channels.<ref>Rampton, R. (2015). Obama appeals to Silicon Valley for help with online anti-extremist campaign. http://www.reuters.com/article/california-shooting-cyber-idUSKBN0TQ0A320151207</ref> However, it is unclear by what means the administration intends this to be accomplished. Earlier in the year, the Obama administration conceded its fight to make tech companies add a [[w: Backdoor_(computing)|backdoor]] to encryption, agreeing that doing so would weaken defenses against foreign governments and cybercriminals.<ref name="obama">Perlroth, N. & Sanger, D. (2015). Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/politics/obama-wont-seek-access-to-encrypted-user-data.html</ref> One of the Administration’s fears is that requiring a backdoor for companies in the United States would set a similar precedent for American companies in other countries, such as China.<ref name="obama"></ref> === Federal Bureau of Investigation === The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently fought with Apple over encryption in iMessage.<ref>Hern, A. (2015). Apple's Encryption Means It Can't Comply with US Court Order. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/08/apple-encryption-comply-us-court-order-iphone-imessage-justice</ref> In the newest versions of iOS, iMessage uses [[w: end-to-end encryption|end-to-end encryption]] so that only the sender and recipient can read messages<ref name = "Apple privacy">Apple. (2015). Our Approach to Privacy. http://www.apple.com/privacy/approach-to-privacy/</ref>, making it impossible for law enforcement to access encrypted content. FBI Director [[w: James Comey|James Comey]] compared this to an unlockable door and said that a warrant should be all that is required to access this data<ref>Nakashima, E. (2015). With Court Order, Federal Judge Seeks to Fuel Debate About Data Encryption. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-judge-stokes-debate-about-data-encryption/2015/10/10/c75da20e-6f6f-11e5-9bfe-e59f5e244f92_story.html</ref>. Comey noted how a terrorist who attempted to attack an event in Texas in May 2015 had been communicating with other terrorists abroad using encrypted messages<ref>Harte, J. & Volz, D. (2015). Shooter at Texas 'Draw Mohammed' Contest Messaged Foreign Militants: FBI. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-texas-shooting-comey-idUSKBN0TS2FU20151209</ref>, implying that these messages would have given authorities advance notice of the attempt had they been intercepted and read. The United States has no [[w: key disclosure law|key disclosure law]], unlike Canada, the UK, and France, effectively keeping these encrypted messages a secret. While key disclosure allows agencies to access encrypted data, it only helps when the suspect is known. It is useful for gathering evidence, but not for intelligence, when fast response times are necessary, especially in preventing terrorist attacks. === United Kingdom's Cameron Administration === Similar battles are happening outside the United States. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister [[w:David Cameron|David Cameron]] has spoken out against apps that send encrypted messages because most of them cannot be read by government.<ref name="cameron">Bienkov, A. (2015). David Cameron: Twitter and Facebook Privacy is Unsustainable. http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/david-cameron-twitter-and-facebook-privacy-is-unsustainable</ref> Cameron argued that, in the past, government agents could get a warrant and intercept phone calls or mail, but now there are channels that government cannot access, creating a “safe space” for criminals and terrorists.<ref name="cameron" /> Cameron would like legislation that bans apps that use encryption unless the app has a government backdoor.<ref name="cameron"></ref> === National District Attorneys Association === The National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) has been a vocal opponent of "warrant-proof" encryption.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=American Data Privacy Protection Act Concerns - Sept. 26, 2022 - National District Attorneys Association |url=https://www.ndaa.org/news/-american-data-privacy-protection-act-concerns---sept-26-2022 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ndaa.org |language=en}}</ref> The NDAA argues that while consumer data protection policies are needed to keep Americans safe, they often come at the expense of making law enforcement more difficult to conduct. They specifically argue that tools used by law enforcement officers in critical early stages of investigations are hampered by encrypted devices and that there is no clear alternative to these tools<ref name=":4" />. Rather than focus on large mass casualty crimes as the FBI did, the NDAA chooses to highlight the difficulties in investigating crime that impacts most Americans' local communities such as carjacking and drug offenses. The NDAA appeals to readers' desire for safety and security by suggesting that anyone can be a victim of such crimes, and in doing so, serves as an appeal to lawmakers who are tasked with keeping their constituents happy and safe. ==Opposition to Expanded Law Enforcement Access== Not everyone is in favor of expanding the government's access to private encrypted data. According to a 2014 poll, a majority of Americans (54%) “disapprove” of bulk government collection of phone and internet records,<ref> Pew Research Center. (2014). Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology. http://www.people-press.org/files/2014/06/6-26-14-Political-Typology-release1.pdf </ref> and presidential candidates as diverse as [[w: Bernie Sanders | Bernie Sanders]]<ref>https://berniesanders.com/issues/war-and-peace/</ref> and [[w: Rand Paul | Rand Paul]]<ref>https://www.randpaul.com/issue/ending-nsa-spying</ref> have spoken in favor of reining in the [[w: National Security Agency | National Security Agency’s ]] [[w: PRISM (surveillance program) | data collection programs]] during the 2016 election cycle. Most opposition comes from participants with concerns over privacy or technical issues, though other factors such as economic issues are also relevant. ===Participants with Privacy Concerns=== Many opponents of government access to data do so on privacy grounds. For instance, [[w : Tim Cook | Apple CEO Tim Cook]], speaking about his company’s [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] service, said “we believe the contents of your text messages and your video chats is none of our business.”<ref>Cook, T. (2015). Speech at Electronic Privacy Information Center. http://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/apples-tim-cook-delivers-blistering-speech-on-encryption-privacy/#.ulz3r9:kVGu</ref> Groups like the [[w: Electronic Frontier Foundation | Electronic Frontier Foundation]]<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). https://www.eff.org</ref> advocate for reducing government access to data on privacy grounds and enjoy reasonable support, including a budget in the tens of millions of dollars.<ref> Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). Annual Report. https://www.eff.org/about/annual-reports-and-financials </ref> Privacy concerns are not a new topic in the social sciences, but researchers have struggled even to define "privacy."<ref>Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding privacy.</ref> Despite the difficulty in defining it, researchers have found that people place significant value on keeping their data private,<ref>Acquisti, A., John, L. K., & Loewenstein, G. (2013). What is privacy worth?. The Journal of Legal Studies, 42(2), 249-274.</ref> and concern over privacy is likely at least partially motivated by economic factors; companies like Apple even expressly use their protection of consumer privacy as a selling point.<ref name = "Apple privacy"></ref> Many tech companies have also used privacy concerns over access to encrypted data as marketing tools. Apple for example, has consistently promoted its products by highlighting a strong commitment to user privacy. It has repeatedly refused to create backdoors for the FBI and other law enforcement agencies, arguing that such access would weaken security for all users rather than serve as a limited investigative tool<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy - Government Information Requests |url=https://www.apple.com/privacy/government-information-requests/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref>. After public disapproval over proposed tools to automatically detect certain harmful content, Apple has expanded its encryption efforts beyond messaging to include services such as iCloud photos, device backups, and file storage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2022-12-07 |title=Apple announces plans to encrypt iCloud backups |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/07/apple-announces-plans-to-encrypt-icloud-backups.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>. Expanding on their efforts to protect encrypted user data, Apple has implemented zero knowledge encryption with Advanced Data Protection<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The technology ensures that even Apple is not aware of the encrypted data stored on its products, and removes their ability to comply with any requests for encrypted data, including lawful requests from law enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has consistently opposed any legislation that grants law enforcement access to encrypted data. The advocacy seeks to defend various individual rights and liberties and cites encryption is an essential tool protecting Americans' right to privacy. While many groups have highlighted the dangers warrant proof encryption poses to victims of crimes, the ACLU highlights the danger posed by any governmental access to such data. Such victims include whistleblowers, journalists, and activists. The ACLU has taken a clear stance against Apple's proposed system for automatically detecting child sexual abuse content on users' devices, arguing that even well-intended measures can introduce mechanisms that may be exploited or expanded over time. Their argument emphasizes that permitting law enforcement access may only be the first step toward a more restrictive state, warning of the long-term dangers to civil rights if such access is granted beyond its original intent<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillmor |first=Jennifer Stisa Granick, Daniel Kahn |date=2023-10-20 |title=The Vital Role of End-to-End Encryption {{!}} ACLU |url=https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/the-vital-role-of-end-to-end-encryption |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=American Civil Liberties Union |language=en-US}}</ref>. ===Participants with Technical Concerns=== Many participants oppose weakening encryption on technical grounds. The basic argument is that a[[w: Backdoor (computing) | backdoor]] for law enforcement means that the encryption cannot be perfectly secure, because an attacker could use the backdoor to gain entry. As the[[w: Information Technology Industry Council | Information Technology Industry Council]] said in a statement following calls to add backdoors after the [[w: November 2015 Paris attacks | Paris attacks ]] in November 2015, weakening encryption by adding backdoors “simply doesn’t make sense.”<ref>Information Technology Industry Council. (2015). http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-encryption-idUSKCN0T82SS20151119</ref> This is the same argument that security experts used when the[[w: Clipper Chip | Clipper Chip]] was proposed, and which ultimately helped defeat it.<ref>Abelson, H., Anderson, R. N., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., ... & Schneier, B. (1997). The risks of key recovery, key escrow, and trusted third-party encryption.</ref> Opponents also contend that adding backdoors to encryption systems will not actually help law enforcement defeat threats. Nate Cardozo, staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has said that "intel agencies are drowning in data... It's not about having enough data; it's a matter of not knowing what to do with the data they already have."<ref>Cardozo, N. (2015). http://www.wired.com/2015/11/paris-attacks-cia-director-john-brennan-what-he-gets-wrong-about-encryption-backdoors/ </ref> Reports that the 2015 Paris attacks (which have been cited in proposals for backdoors, including by[[w: Central Intelligence Agency | CIA]] director[[w: John O. Brennan | John Brennan]])<ref> Brennan, J. (2015). Speech at Center for Strategic International Studies. http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/11/brennan-paris-wakeup-call-europe-encryption/123732/ </ref> were planned using unencrypted communications only make this claim stronger.<ref> Froomkin, D. (2015). Signs point to unencrypted communications between terror suspects. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/ </ref> == Legal Framework and the Battle of Social Values == In legal settings, social values come under pressure when groups hold competing interests. Several court cases have influenced how society interprets key social values, adding legal, political, and social complexity to the question of how much access law enforcement should have to encrypted data - and when that access becomes too much. === <u>United States Constitution: The Foundation of Our Rights</u> === Almost every case in this chapter cites, interprets, or challenges two constitutional amendments. Before analyzing those interpretations, it is important to clearly establish what the referenced amendments say about our [[wikipedia:List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States|constitutional rights]]: ==== 4th Amendment ==== The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-iv |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> In many encryption-related cases, defendants argued that warrantless device and data seizures violated this amendment. Courts often agreed, reinforcing the need for warrants before accessing encrypted devices and data. Over the past 50 years, the amendment's interpretation has remained consistent, protecting individuals and groups' dignity, privacy, and autonomy. ==== 5th Amendment ==== The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-v |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> The 5th Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to provide testimonial evidence against themselves ([[wikipedia:Self-incrimination|self-incrimination)]]. It is also well known for the [[wikipedia:Due_Process_Clause|proper due process]] clause, which outline how searches, seizures, and arrests must be conducted. Courts examined whether entering a passcode or decrypting data communicated knowledge, such as ownership, control, or the existence of specific files. When decryption would reveal new information, the 5th Amendment applies. When the government can already describe the evidence with reasonable particularity, court have sometimes allowed compelled access. These cases shape how society negotiates differing social interests, ideas, and values, forcing courts and communities to decide which principles - privacy, autonomy, security, or public trust - should carry the most weight when digital information becomes part of criminal investigation. === <u>Cases on Personal Privacy vs. Public Safety</u> === The following court cases ''Smith v. Maryland, U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California,'' and ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' highlight the evolving legal battle over how far the government may go in accessing digital information in the name of public safety and justice. Together they illustrate how constitutional protections written in the 18th century are reinterpreted to address current technologies, from cell phone applications to location tracking. They also go beyond legal bounds and address competing social values, where law enforcement's interest in preventing harm and investigating crime sometimes conflicts society's growing expectation of personal privacy extending to a digital space. As each case redefines the balance between these values, it also influences how U.S. citizens understand their legal rights and the conditions under which those rights can be limited or lost. ==== ''Smith v. Maryland'' (1979) ==== In [[wikipedia:Smith_v._Maryland|''Smith v. Maryland'']], Michael Lee Smith was arrested and indicted for robbing Patricia McDonough. To confirm Smith's identity after cross-referencing against the victim's description, the police asked the telephone company to install a [[wikipedia:Pen_register|pen register]]. However, they did so without a warrant or court order, since they believed Smith was the source of threatening calls made to McDonough. Once the pen register confirmed outgoing numbers, police obtained a warrant to search Smith's residence, where they seized the phonebook and identified Smith to be the robber. At trial, Smith sought to suppress the evidence collected by the pen register since the police did not obtain a warrant to seize his telecommunication information "prior to its installation," which he claimed violated his 4th Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. On June 20, 1979, the court ruled in favor of Maryland, holding that Smith had no "legitimate expectation of privacy" in the numbers he dialed because he voluntarily conveyed that information to the phone company, which they recorded as a part of their regular business practices. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/442/735/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''U.S. v. Cotterman'' (2013) ==== ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Cotterman|U.S. v. Cotterman]]'' began when Howard Cotterman returned from Mexico and was flagged by the [[wikipedia:TECS|Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS)]] database due to prior sexual offenses. At Lukeville, Arizona port of entry, border patrol officers conducted two searches (the second after the TECS notification), finding two laptops and 3 cameras, which [[wikipedia:United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement|Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)]] later came and seized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hlr |date=2014-01-17 |title=United States v. Cotterman |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-127/ninth-circuit-holds-forensic-search-of-laptop-seized-at-border-requires-showing-of-reasonable-suspicion-ae-united-states-v-cotterman-709-f-3d-952-9th-cir-2013-en-banc/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> After conducting an off-site digital forensic search, the government found hundreds of files containing child pornography on Cotterman's devices, and they indicted him for possession of such digital content. Cotterman motioned to suppress the evidence gained from the devices, claiming the forensic search violated the 4th Amendment. The United States argued that there are exceptions to the 4th Amendment regarding border searches. After being granted then reversed, the case was reheard [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/en_banc en banc]. The Ninth Circuit en banc finally held that the United States violated Cotterman's 4th Amendment rights, saying that forensic, comprehensive searches of digital devices at the border require reasonable suspicion, recognizing the heightened privacy interests in electronic data. ==== ''Riley v. California'' (2014) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:Riley_v._California|Riley v. California]],'' David Riley was stopped for a traffic violation, arrested on weapons charges, and had his cell phone seized and searched without a warrant, linking Riley to gang affiliation and involvement in a prior shooting. Riley moved to suppress the phone evidence, but the lower court denied his motion. A similar case, ''U.S. v. Wurie'' (2014), involved a similar warrantless search of a flip phone that linked Wurie to a drug stash in his apartment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Wurie |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/13-212 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court reviewed both cases together and ultimately decided that "the police generally may not, without a warrant, search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>. As a result, Riley's conviction was reversed while Wurie's case ruling was sustained. ==== ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' (2018) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Carpenter_v._United_States|Carpenter v. U.S.]]'' is similar to ''Riley v. California,'' in regard to how both involved data associated with cell phones. However, in the Carpenter case, police arrested four men with connection to an armed robbery. One of the men confessed and gave his number and all of the numbers of the other participants to the FBI, which they used to obtain orders to gain transactional records on each phone number. This was granted under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. 2703(d)]], which provides the government the ability to "require the disclosure of certain telecommunication records when 'specific and articulable facts show[] that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records or other information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.'"<ref>Carpenter v. United States. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402</nowiki></ref> The transactional records included evidential data about phone call location data and other [[wikipedia:Cell_site|cell site]] location information (CSLI). Timothy Carpenter moved to suppress the evidence gained from the CSLI data, arguing it violated the 4th Amendment. Ultimately, the Supreme Court narrowly sided with Carpenter, stating the warrantless search and seizure of phone users' location data violated the 4th Amendment, but this case also extended the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], which was originally established in ''Smith v. Maryland'' and ''U.S. v. Miller'' (1976). ==== Social Analysis: Privilege of Privacy Amongst Individuals ==== While ''Smith v. Maryland'' established early boundaries for digital privacy through the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], the struggle between digital privacy and the government's duty to ensure public safety and promote the general welfare remains foundationally contested. Later cases ''U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California, and Carpenter v. U.S.'' shifted the legal landscape by recognizing that digital privacy is not merely limited to or defined by location, device, or type of data. Further, these decisions affirm that modern technology and encrypted data function as extensions of one's identity: "phones are no longer merely phones, but important communication ...[and] data centers, and perhaps most significantly, loci for the digital culture."<ref>Steven I. Friedland, Riley v. California and the Stickiness Principle, 14 ''Duke Law & Technology Review'' 121-139 (2016)</ref> In a world where personal identity, social life, and daily conduct are increasingly mediated through digital platforms, individuals carry with them an expectation of privacy that is qualitatively different from what was considered in the past. However, this expectation is not universally accepted or consistently interpreted. The ability to protect one's digital privacy, through encryption, secure devices, and knowledge of digital rights, often underlines developing social privileges. As governments and courts continue to define the limitations and applications of privacy in an evolving cyber-physical space, tensions will continue to emerge between expanding privacy protections and ensuring that privacy is not viewed as a hindrance to justice, safety, or accountability. These tensions have been heightened by the recent rise in AI surveillance and automated data decryption services, where, as the [[wikipedia:American_Civil_Liberties_Union|ACLU]] notes, "the automated nature of these systems means that traditional limitations on police resources—once a vital check on government overreach—have been effectively eliminated."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2026 |title=AI-Powered Surveillance Is Turning the United States into a Digital Police State. Now is the Time to Stop It. |url=https://www.aclum.org/publications/ai-powered-surveillance-is-turning-the-united-states-into-a-digital-police-state-now-is-the-time-to-stop-it/ |website=ACLU of Massachusetts |language=en-US}}</ref> These cases reveal that privacy is not only a legal right but a social resource - one that is unevenly accessible, persistently contested, and potentially constrained depending on the level of influence and position one has within society, public institutions, and digital systems. === <u>Cases on Digital Autonomy vs. Law Enforcement's Authority</u> === These cases highlight a nearly twenty year trend in how courts navigate the tension between personal digital autonomy and expanding authority of law enforcement. Central to this is the forgone conclusion doctrine, a limited exception to the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause that can compel an individual to release encrypted data and passcodes if three factors are met: # The Government has knowledge of the existence of the evidence demanded # The defendant possessed or controlled the evidence, and # The evidence is authentic. The government must also be able to describe the evidence with "reasonable particularity." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foregone Conclusion Doctrine Allows Government to Make Criminal Defendant Disclose Computer Password |url=https://goldsteinmehta.com/blog/foregone-conclusion-doctrine |website=Goldstein Mehta LLC |language=en-US}}</ref> Although this doctrine is framed as a narrow case-by-case rule, its application in the digital era shifts power toward law enforcement in situations where devices and encrypted data act as extensions of personal identity, memory, and autonomy. As encryption continues to become a default feature of everyday technology, compelled-decryption cases raise questions about how much control individuals retain over their data and whether constitutional protections can keep up with rapidly evolving digital systems. While many courts, often citing ''In re Boucher'', have supported decryption under the doctrine, cases such as ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' emphasizes that society still recognizes meaningful limits on government authority and continue to affirm the social and legal value of personal digital autonomy. ==== ''In re Boucher Case'' (2009) ==== The [[wikipedia:In_re_Boucher|''In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Boucher'' case]] arose when Sebastien Boucher was arrested at the border between Canada and Vermont, where an officer's secondary inspection led to the discovery of child pornography on Boucher's computer. However, after seizing the laptop and once the computer was shut down, the hard drive's content could not be viewed again without entering in a passphrase. A Secret Service computer forensics expert testified that the drive had been encrypted using [[wikipedia:Pretty_Good_Privacy|Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)]] software and there was no backdoor for this type of encryption software.<ref>Pfefferkorn, Riana, In Re Boucher: Hard Drives Make Pretty Good Law? Encryption Passphrases as Testimonial Evidence Under the Fifth Amendment (February 1, 2009). Available at SSRN: <nowiki>https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883697</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1883697</nowiki></ref> In response, the grand jury subpoenaed Boucher to release the passphrases to the government, in which Boucher successfully moved to quash the subpoena, initially. Boucher argued that this violated his 5th Amendment rights against self-incrimination, but after further review the U.S. District Court for Vermont reversed the initial grant. The reasoning for this reversal is that since the files sought allegedly contain child pornographic content, the entry of the password is incriminating and therefore the real question is whether the "subpoena seeks testimonial communication." Also, both parties agreed that the content in the files did not share the same 5th Amendment privileges as revealing the password, as the files were "voluntarily prepared" and not testimonial.<ref>In Re Boucher (United States District Court for the District of Vermont November 29, 2009). <nowiki>https://www.volokh.com/files/Boucher.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> The real question lies in whether entry of the password, and ultimately handing the files over to the government, would be testimonial and a violation of the 5th Amendment. The final verdict states that "Boucher has no act of production privilege to refuse to provide the grand jury with an unencrypted version of the Z drive of his computer," and that "the government may not make use of Boucher's act of production to authenticate the unencrypted Z drive or its contents either before the grand jury or a petit jury," ultimately legally compelling Boucher to decrypt his device and hand the files to the government.<ref>In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, <nowiki>https://yalelawtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/boucher_-_sessions_-_appeal.pdf</nowiki> (United States District Court for the District of Vermont. February 19, 2009).</ref> This case became a significant landmark of [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure law]] through being regarded as [[wikipedia:Case_law|case law]], and its influence is significant in several other court cases discussed in the battle of self autonomy and authority. ==== ''U.S. v. Doe'' (Dated March 25, 2011) ==== In the case of ''U.S. v. Doe,'' FBI agents seized two laptops and five external hard drives from a man under investigation, but the data was stored behind an encryption program assumed to be [[wikipedia:TrueCrypt|TrueCrypt]]. When ordered by a grand jury to produce unencrypted contents of the hard drives, he invoked the 5th Amendment, claiming a breach of protections against self-incrimination. Specifically, Doe argued that "the Government’s use of the decrypted contents of the hard drives would constitute derivative use of his immunized testimony, use not protected by the district court’s grant of immunity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011, USA v. John Doe, No. 11-12268 (11th Cir. 2012) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/11-12268/11-12268-2012-02-23.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Doe also explained he was unable to decrypt the hard drive (which was disregarded in this case as well as the appeal case), but ultimately the court held Doe in contempt and jailed him. After appealing the decision, the circuit court ruled that decrypting the data is testimonial and therefore protected by the 5th Amendment (in favor of Doe), a comparably different outcome than seen in ''In re Boucher'' and ''U.S. v. Fricosu,'' and a significant limitation on the foregone conclusion doctrine. ==== ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' (2012) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Fricosu|U.S. v. Fricosu]],'' the FBI obtained a search warrant for Colorado resident Ramona Fricosu under suspicion of mortgage fraud. During the search, agents seized six computers. One of the six computers seized was password-encrypted by a program called PGP Desktop, which "provides easy to use and secure encryption to protect sensitive data on your laptop or desktop computers." <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Symantec Encryption Desktop? (formerly known as PGP Desktop Encryption) |url=https://help.uillinois.edu/TDClient/37/uic/KB/PrintArticle?ID=776 |website=help.uillinois.edu}}</ref> The day after the execution of the search warrant, Fricosu made a call to her incarcerated divorced ex-husband, and the recorded conversation revealed that both her and her ex-husband were aware of the content in her laptop, as well as the encryption program and her legal instruction to not provide any passwords, as protected by the 5th Amendment. In closing, several facts of the case (including file names, location of laptop, and connection to her ex-husband and his convictions) led the court to hold that Fricosu is legally compelled to provide an unencrypted copy of the files to the government as evidence, aligning with the ''In re Boucher'' case and applying the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Fricosu, Criminal Case No. 10–cr–00509–REB–02. {{!}} D. Colo., Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914e216add7b049348ee62f |website=https://www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' (2012) ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' is another case regarding compelled decryption via [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure laws]] influenced by ''In re Boucher''. Leon I. Gelfgatt, an attorney, was indicted with seventeen counts of forgery of a document, seventeen counts of [[wikipedia:Uttering|uttering]] a forged instrument, and three counts of attempting to commit larceny. The charges came from allegations against Gelfgatt that he conducted a scheme, using several computers, to receive ill-obtained funds that he used to pay mortgage loans for residential properties. The Commonwealth asked the judge to grant legal compulsion of Gelfgatt to decrypt his computers, in which the judge denied originally but asked for higher-level advisement on the question:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/2014/sjc-11358.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> "Can the defendant be compelled pursuant to the Commonwealth's proposed protocol to provide his key to seized encrypted digital evidence despite the rights and protections provided by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article Twelve of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights?"<ref name=":0" /> The Supreme Judicial Court, after further review of the law in question, reversed the judges denial to the Commonwealth's request for Gelfgatt's compulsion, implying in their verdict that "the government can ... compel the defendant to produce it [digital evidence] where it already knows what the information is, and the defendant’s disclosure would add little or nothing to what the government’s knowledge," another application of the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Zoraida |date=2019-03-20 |title=Can the Commonwealth Compel You to Unlock Your Cell Phone? SJC Clarifies Certain Circumstances in Which it Can |url=https://www.bostonlawyerblog.com/can-the-commonwealth-compel-you-to-unlock-your-cell-phone-sjc-clarifies-certain-circumstances-in-which-it-can/ |website=Boston Lawyer Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' (2019) ==== The ''In re: Search of A Residence in Oakland, California'' case presents a notably different application of the 4th and 5th Amendments in a cyber-physical system, compared to cases like ''In re Boucher'', ''U.S. v. Fricosu'', and ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt.'' In this case, the government was investigating two individuals suspected of committing extortion scheme conducted through Facebook Messenger. The government's warrant application asked for the authority to search the Oakland residence and seize all digital devices on the premise, and to compel any individual present to unlock the devices through [[wikipedia:Biometrics|biometric]] features, even if they were not the subjects of the warrant. The magistrate judge denied the application, finding that "while the Government had probable cause to search the premises under the Fourth Amendment, it did not have probable cause to search and seize ''all'' digital devices nor compel their unlocking using biometric features because the search warrant application was not limited to digital devices owned or controlled by the suspects."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Nowell D. Bamberger, Melissa Gohlke, Sameer Jaywant |date=2019-01-23 |title=Court Holds That 5th Amendment Self-Incrimination Privilege Precludes Compelling Fingerprint or Facial Recognition Access to Digital Devices {{!}} Cleary Enforcement Watch |language=en-US |work=Cleary Enforcement Watch |url=https://www.clearyenforcementwatch.com/2019/01/court-holds-5th-amendment-self-incrimination-privilege-precludes-compelling-fingerprint-facial-recognition-access-digital-devices/}}</ref> Citing ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' in 2018, the court emphasized how "the advancement of technology should not be accompanied by an erosion in the constitutional rights of the people, and that courts should vigilantly guard against such erosion."<ref name=":1" /> In its final reasoning, the court held that biometric data cannot be compelled to unlock devices, including "fingers, thumbs, facial recognition, optical/iris, or any other biometric feature to unlock electronic devices." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baron |first=Ethan |last2=News |first2=The Mercury |date=2019-01-16 |title=Biometrics Ruling Limits How Police Can Access a Smartphone |url=https://www.govtech.com/products/Biometrics-Ruling-Limits-How-Police-Can-Access-a-Smartphone.html |website=GovTech |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''State v. Andrews'' (2020) ==== ''State v. Andrews'' began with the arrest of Quincy Lowery for suspected involvement in a New Jersey drug-trafficking ring. However, Lowery confessed officer Robert Andrews helped him evade detection by warning Lowery of the wiretap on his phone and the GPS tracker on his Jeep. Lowery even showed the investigators the text messages to prove such evidence, but because he reset his phone a month earlier, most of the text messages were wiped. Officers requested Andrews to hand over his two iPhones, in which Andrews did so voluntarily without giving out the passwords to unlock them. Without a way to effectively decrypt the passwords, the State obtained warrants for the phones' contents and motioned for Andrews to reveal the passwords. Andrews refused citing the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause. Once the trial court supported the State's motion and Andrews appealed the courts decision, the appeals court upheld the trial court's decision, stating "because the State had already established that Andrews owned, possessed, and controlled his iPhones, his act of producing their passcodes, while 'testimonial,' fell under this 'foregone conclusion' exception."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-04-12 |title=State v. Andrews |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/state-v-andrews/ |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Andrews appealed the decision again, and the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed both lower courts, holding "that the Fifth Amendment privilege was overcome by the government’s knowledge of three key facts: the passcodes’ existence, their possession by the defendant, and their authenticity,"<ref name=":2" /> ultimately compelling Andrews to reveal the passwords to the iPhones. ==== Social Analysis: Increasing Authority at the Cost of Digital Autonomy ==== The current U.S. legal landscape underlines a shift in how society balances personal digital autonomy against government authority. As courts increasingly apply the forgone conclusion doctrine to encrypted devices and data, they reshape social expectations about privacy, identity, and government authority. With digital devices functioning as extensions of our lives, compelled decryption has social implications far beyond traditional evidence production. Cases such as ''In re Boucher, U.S. v. Fricosu, Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt,'' and ''State v. Andrews'' have normalized broader government access to encrypted data, strengthening a social narrative that national security interests outweigh individual control over digital identity. This could erode trust and accountability, particularly in communities already skeptical of law enforcement, and may create concerning effects on expression, association, and political participation. As compelled access becomes more routine, society risks normalizing a surveillance-based relationship between citizens and the government. However, cases like ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' demonstrate the value digital autonomy and the importance of limiting the government's power when compelled decryption becomes indistinguishable from self-incrimination. Advocacies, professional organizations, and non-profits also play a crucial role in shaping both the public's view and judicial reasoning. For example, the [[wikipedia:Electronic_Frontier_Foundation|Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF)]] wrote amicus briefs (a legal document providing advice, information, or arguments related to a case) for both ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' and ''U.S. v. Doe'', consistently arguing that the 5th Amendment protected individuals from all forms of compelled decryption. They emphasized that the different outcomes in these cases resulted from not doctrinal inconsistency but from the defendant's own disclosures, underlining how "silence is golden." Noting how "Boucher talked to law enforcement" and "Fricosu talked to her ex-husband and co-defendant in jail," the EFF claims "it was this talking that defeated their Fifth Amendment privilege through the foregone conclusion doctrine."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhoury |first=Hanni |date=2012-03-07 |title=A Tale of Two Encryption Cases |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/03/tale-two-encryption-cases |website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Together, the legal and social proponents of conflicting civil liberties, often driven by strong social values, illustrate a battle over the definition of digital autonomy, one which courts, civil liberties organizations, and the public are actively shaping the future boundaries of state authority in an increasingly data-driven society. === <u>Cases on Managing Public Trust & Accountability</u> === This final section addresses the critical but often overlooked social values of public trust and accountability, particularly in the management of personal data. As emerging technologies such as [[wikipedia:Quantum_computing|quantum computing]], [[wikipedia:Artificial_intelligence|AI]], and [[wikipedia:Edge_computing|edge computing]] reshape how information is stored and accessed, public trust in institutions responsible for protecting digital rights has become increasingly fragile. People typically rely on governments, courts, and large organizations to act as stewards of their data and to ensure that justice is upheld when digital rights are threatened. However, the following cases reveal a series of paradoxes, where entities display conflicting interests in data management and the legal framework governing their practices lag behind the change in technology. These tensions propose significant questions in who truly manages data and, by extension, who the public can trust to enact accountability in an increasingly digital world. ==== ''U.S. v. Microsoft'' (2018) ==== [[File:BalticServers data center.jpg|thumb|Data centers hold vast amounts of information about millions of individuals and organizations, making them a significant source of digital evidence.]] In ''[[wikipedia:Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States|U.S. v. Microsoft]],'' the FBI in 2013 obtained a warrant under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act]] requiring Microsoft to release encrypted email and other information connected to one of their customers that was under suspicion of being involved in illegal drug trafficking. Microsoft refused to comply, arguing these emails were stored in its Dublin, Ireland data center and that the SCA did not authorize U.S. courts to compel production of data outside of its borders. Microsoft moved to quash the warrant, questioning how a United States federal law can be enforced outside of U.S. borders. While the move to quash the warrant was denied by the district court, Microsoft appealed the ruling and was granted their motion to quash it by the Second Circuit court. The U.S. Department of Justice petitioned to review the new decision, claiming that the warrant was "a domestic application of the SCA," and that the appealed decision "would be 'impractical and detrimental to law enforcement' and that the use of the SCA to obtain user data stored abroad would respect 'the United States’ international obligations.'"<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=https://epic.org/documents/united-states-v-microsoft/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> After the Supreme Court granted the petition and planned to hold another hearing, the federal government enacted the [[wikipedia:CLOUD_Act|Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act)]], which in essence established that U.S. service providers must produce data within their possession, custody, or control regardless of where the data is physically stored. This ultimately led to the case being dismissed as unnecessary and Microsoft being legally compelled by the CLOUD Act to obtain and provide the data from its Irish datacenter, due to Microsoft being a U.S. company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft Corp., 584 U.S. ___ (2018) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/584/17-2/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>United States v. Microsoft Corporation. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/17-2</nowiki></ref> ==== ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' (2021) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Van_Buren_v._United_States|Van Buren v. U.S.]]'' addresses access to encrypted data very differently from ''U.S. v. Microsoft''. Georgia police sergeant Nathan Van Buren was bribed by Andrew Albo, who was cooperating with an FBI sting operation, to run a license plate search on a possible undercover cop. Van Buren complied to the request, and through the [[wikipedia:Crime_information_center|Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)]] he used his authorized credentials to look up the provided license plate to confirm the identity of an undercover cop. Although officers are trained that GCIC access is strictly limited to law enforcement purposes specifically, Van Buren technically accessed only information he was already authorized to view. He was charged with violating the [[wikipedia:Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act|Computer Fraud & Abuse Act (CFAA)]], which he petitioned for review claiming that he technically did not exceed access authority as a law enforcement official with proper credentials to access the GCIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Buren v. United States |url=https://epic.org/documents/van-buren-v-united-states/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The court argued that "the purpose in using the system was immaterial," and with there being no purpose limitation cited in the CFAA, "Van Buren was authorized to access the database and di not violate the CFAA."<ref name=":3">Scott T. Lashway and Matthew M.K. Stein, ''Signs Inscribed on a Gate: The Impact of Van Buren v. United States on Civil Claims Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act'', 44 W. New Eng. L. Rev. 109 (2022), <nowiki>https://digitalcommons.law.wne.edu/lawreview/vol44/iss1/5</nowiki></ref> The court also made three important notes regarding the outcome and implications of this case and the CFAA, stating as follows: # Amending the CFAA to include a purpose-based limitation criminalizes ordinary conduct, such as when an employee uses a business computer to send and check personal emails. # Purpose-based limitations are unstable and potentially unclear, blurring what is considered "normal" and "criminal" conduct. # The CFAA was only concerned in Van Buren's credentials, not his purpose for accessing GCIC records. Future disputes may address how contracts, policies, and terms of service interact with the statute's access-based limitations. ==== Social Analysis: Continuously Balancing Restriction and Freedoms ==== [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800)(cropped).jpg|thumb|Thomas Jefferson recognized the power the public provides to its government, and the importance of the government maintaining the public's trust.]] As [[wikipedia:Thomas_Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] once stated, "when a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-01 |title=Basic Obligation of Public Service {{!}} U.S. Department of the Interior |url=https://www.doi.gov/ethics/basic-obligations-of-public-service |website=www.doi.gov |language=en}}</ref> The principal Jefferson emphasizes is that public institutions derive their legitimacy from the people and must remain accountable to them. Yet the modern legal framework surrounding encrypted data often moves in the opposite direction. In cases such as ''U.S. v. Microsoft,'' the government asserted authority beyond U.S. borders, raising important questions about which institutions, domestic or foreign, citizens are expected to trust with their digital lives. Microsoft and privacy advocates warned that if the U.S. can issue a warrant that legally compels decryption abroad, "other countries will in turn use their own laws to seize data stored in the U.S" which "could put Americans’ emails (and other data) at risk of seizure by foreign governments."<ref>Kruse, N. (2018, March 1). ''U.S. v. Microsoft: Is Your Data and Privacy at Risk?''. Byte Back. <nowiki>https://www.bytebacklaw.com/2018/03/u-s-v-microsoft-is-your-data-and-privacy-at-risk/</nowiki></ref> The CLOUD Act further complicates this landscape by shifting practical control of data from the government to private, for-profit corporations. Even when data is physically stored in another country, ownership and decision-making authority often remain with companies like Microsoft, Facebook, and Apple, who all supported the CLOUD Act and whose incentives are shaped not by democratic accountability but by reputation management, market pressures, and financial interests. This raises two currently unanswered questions of public trust: first, how can citizens trust governmental systems when jurisdictional boundaries blur and government authority extends beyond its traditional limits, and second, how can they trust corporations to act as responsible stewards of their data when their obligations to shareholders may conflict with the public's interest in privacy and autonomy? Furthermore, ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' produces a paradoxical outcome, where individuals protected from being criminalized for everyday digital behavior while simultaneously exposing the public to greater risks of insider misuses of encrypted data by law enforcement. The CFAA was originally designed to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information, but Van Buren narrowed its scope by rejecting any inquiry into a person's purpose for accessing data. In doing so, the court prevented the CFAA from becoming an overly broad "terms-of-service crime," yet it also removed a potential safeguard against officers who misuse their legitimate credentials to access personal information for improper reasons. As scholars note, the CFAA retains its force, "even with the purpose inquiry foreclosed: access may not be authorization, and authorization or its limits could be inferred from context and terms of use."<ref name=":3" /> Regardless, this case “does not definitively resolve the question of whether unauthorized access must be barred by a hardware or software gateway or if activity can become ‘unauthorized’ by a contractual ban" and “largely for that reason, the practical effects on the CFAA’s civil enforcement provisions remain to be seen.”<ref>Melanie Assad, Van Buren v. United States: An Employer Defeat or Hacker’s Victory – Or Something in Between, 21 UIC REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 166 (2022).</ref> From a public trust perspective, this creates a double-edged sword: the decision limits government overreach, yet it also leaves the public more vulnerable to the very actors entrusted with sensitive data, raising the difficult questions about accountability, oversight, and the social value of trust in law enforcement. Both ''U.S. v Microsoft'' and ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' offer different stories connected by their influence over public trust and accountability; one raises concerns about how far a government's authority extends and the inherent ownership of encrypted data by companies driven by the market and productivity, while the other is seen as a win for protecting individuals from accidental criminalization of normal activities and a loss for holding law enforcement accountable by removing an extra layer of protection through authorization and credentials. As technology changes and evolves, shaping the application of data encryption, management, and access, future litigations may arise, and the question of who will maintain the public's trust in data privacy and digital autonomy will most likely continue to be overlooked and potentially mishandled. All of these court cases point toward a future that will quickly challenge long-held and accepted social values, especially in regard to extending those values to encrypted digital or cyber-physical platforms, and it is up to all participants to make these social values known and considered, whether it is noted by an advocacy, non-profit organization, for-profit corporation, law enforcement agencies, regular citizens, or the courts. ==Conclusion== The struggle over law enforcement access to encrypted data is far from over. Future additions to this chapter should explain how the primary participants in the debate have changed as well as new legal and technological developments. One useful addition would be the [[wikipedia:Communications_Assistance_for_Law_Enforcement_Act|Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)]], which states that carriers are generally not responsible for decrypting communications unless they provide the encryption and possess the information needed to decrypt it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=47 USC 1002: Assistance capability requirements |url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:47+section:1002+edition:prelim) |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=uscode.house.gov}}</ref> Also, more details about the All Writs Act and how it was used in the San Bernardino investigation would help contextualize the sentiment on this topic during the Obama administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple v. FBI |url=https://epic.org/documents/apple-v-fbi-2/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> These examples would help show that the legal and social conflict over encryption is at times more critical than the technical aspect of encryption. Future updates could also discuss newer legislative and institutional participants. For example, the Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act in 2020 proposed requiring device manufacturers and service providers to assist law enforcement with access to encrypted data after a warrant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Senate |first=Congress |date=2020-06-23 |title=S. 4051 (IS) - Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FBILLS-116s4051is |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=govinfo.gov}}</ref> Even though this proposal did not become a law, it reveals the continued interest of Congress in the encryption debate and their framing of encrypted data as a public safety issue. Future additions could also discuss the Department of Justice and FBI's continued use of the phrase "lawful access," which presents encryption as a barrier to valid warrants rather than a privacy tool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-29 |title=Office of Legal Policy {{!}} Lawful Access |url=https://www.justice.gov/olp/lawful-access |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> This broadens the chapter beyond courts and technology companies by framing prosecutors, legislators, and executive agencies as important participants in the debate. Finally, the chapter could be improved by including ongoing and additional recent court cases. For example, United States v. Payne established that compelled use of a fingerprint to bypass biometric security on a phone was not testimonial communication and did not violate the Fifth Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USA V. PAYNE, No. 22-50262 (9th Cir. 2024) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/22-50262/22-50262-2024-04-17.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> However, United States v. Brown had a similar situation of compelled biometric unlocking, but the D.C. Circuit decided that it did violate the Fifth Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USA v. Brown, No. 23-3074 (D.C. Cir. 2025) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cadc/23-3074/23-3074-2025-01-17.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Other important cases include State v. Missak, which raises questions about how specific a warrant must be before police can search a cell phone, and State of New Mexico v. Meta Platforms, Inc. which concerns how Meta's end-to-end encryption significantly reduces their ability to detect child exploitation material on their platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. ZAK A. MISSAK |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/appellate-division-unpublished/2025/a-2602-23.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Mexico Department of Justice Wins Landmark Verdict Against Meta - New Mexico Department of Justice |url=https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/new-mexico-department-of-justice-wins-landmark-verdict-against-meta/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GovInfo |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-nmd-1_23-cv-01115/summary?sm_guid=OTUxOTQyfDc4MzM5Mjg0fC0xfGpvY2VseW5uZS5zY3V0dEBjYW50YWIubmV0fDg1ODg3NDl8fDB8MHwzMDY2NDkyMTd8MTEzMnwwfDB8fDk1NDQwMHww0 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.govinfo.gov |language=en}}</ref> These cases broaden the encryption debate and show that it isn't only about encryption backdoors, and more about biometric access, phone-search limits, and platform liability. This also shows how there are many competing social values in this debate such as values of privacy, safety, and accountability. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} o8iu2i1491d7smblrlaynpcuw6t5cll 4633571 4633570 2026-05-02T23:11:24Z PradeepRavi26 3580576 Added back sentence from original conclusion 4633571 wikitext text/x-wiki Though once considered a munition<ref>US Department of State. (1992). Code of Federal Regulations. https://epic.org/crypto/export_controls/itar.html</ref>, [[w: Encryption software | encrypted communications]] have become commonplace in commercially available software. [[w:Apple Inc. | Apple’s]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] system, for instance, is [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]], meaning that no-one (not even Apple) can read a message except the sender and the recipient<ref>Apple Corporation. (2011). iOS 5 Press Release. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/06/06New-Version-of-iOS-Includes-Notification-Center-iMessage-Newsstand-Twitter-Integration-Among-200-New-Features.html</ref>. Apple now also encrypts all data on its [[w:IOS | iOS]] devices,<ref>Apple Corporation. (2014). iOS Security Guide, September 2014. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1302613-ios-security-guide-sept-2014.html</ref> and [[w:Google | Google]] does the same on its [[w: Android (operating system) | Android operating system]].<ref>Android Project. (2015). Full Disk Encryption. https://source.android.com/security/encryption/</ref> These systems prevent anyone besides the device owner from accessing the data on the device. Law enforcement agencies have had problems with this technology, however, because it also prevents them from viewing the data on phones, even when they have a search warrant. In one case, Apple refused to open a locked [[w: IPhone | iPhone]] for the [[w: Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI]] in a drug investigation,<ref>Appuzo, M., Sanger, D., Schmidt, M. (2015). Apple and Other Tech Companies Tangle with US Over Data Access. New York Times, September 8, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/08/us/politics/apple-and-other-tech-companies-tangle-with-us-over-access-to-data.html?_r=0 </ref> stating that doing so was impossible. Law enforcement agencies have argued that tech companies should provide them with a [[w: Backdoor (computing) | “backdoor,”]] a special way to decrypt messages that can only be used by law enforcement and which would require a search warrant.<ref>Comey, J. (2015). http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/08/fbi-chief-backdoor-access-encryption-isis</ref> In this chapter, we examine the sociotechnical forces surrounding this proposal in the United States and its allies. ==Background== Although relevant today, law enforcement's access to encrypted communications is not a new issue in the United States. As personal digital communication grew more common in the early 1990s, the Clinton Administration began to push for a way to "preserve a government capability to conduct electronic surveillance in furtherance of legitimate law enforcement and national security interests."<ref>White House. (1993). Public encryption management. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd5.htm</ref> There have been several subsequent proposals for policies directly addressing the issue, though a variety of technical and social issues have prevented any such policy from taking effect. ===Clipper Chip=== [[File:MYK-78 Clipper chip markings.jpg|thumb|Clipper Chip that could be included in the hardware of any personal computer or communication device]] The Clinton Administration's first proposal was the Clipper Chip, a hardware device designed by the United States government that manufacturers would build into their computers. This used a system called [[w: Key escrow | "key escrow"]] where each chip would be given a corresponding key that could decrypt any message encrypted by the chip. The key would be held by the United States government and released to law enforcement when legally required.<ref name="Blaze94">Blaze, M. (1994). Protocol failure in the escrowed encryption standard. http://www.crypto.com/papers/eesproto.pdf</ref> A variety of social and technical problems, such as the high monetary and economic costs of implementation<ref name="Deutch96">Deutch, J. (1996). Memorandum for the president. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015182952/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000239468/DOC_0000239468.pdf</ref> and weaknesses in the encryption algorithm<ref name="Blaze94 /> meant that the Clipper Chip was never adopted. ===Key Recovery=== Following the Clipper Chip's failure, the Clinton Administration proposed a system it called "key recovery." In this system, trusted third party organizations would hold users' keys and provide them to law enforcement upon request.<ref name="Deutch96" /> At the time of this proposal encryption technology was still classified as a munition, making it illegal to export from the United States. With the backing of the CIA, the Clinton Administration proposed weakening these restrictions as long as companies agreed to develop key recovery technology.<ref name="Deutch96" /> By doing this, the Administration hoped to make key recovery the standard domestically and globally, giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies access to encrypted data worldwide. Organized groups within the Clinton Administration had opposing views on this issue. Though the Administration, with the internal backing of the CIA, publicly supported this key recovery plan, the Justice Department internally opposed it, believing that the plan did not go far enough and proposing that the law be modified to only allow the export and import of encryption technology that worked with key recovery systems.<ref name="Deutch96" /> Outside of government, many prominent groups opposed the plan for largely the same reasons that they had opposed the Clipper Chip. Trade groups such as the [[w:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)]] and [[w:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] opposed the plan on economic, technical, and moral grounds. They believed that these restrictions would put American companies at an economic disadvantage while ultimately proving insecure and threatening civil freedoms.<ref>IEEE and ACM. (1997). Letter to Senator John McCain. http://usacm.acm.org/images/documents/spna_letter.pdf</ref> Ultimately legislation implementing the proposal never passed the Senate.<ref>McCain, J. (1997). Secure Public Networks Act. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d105:s909:</ref> === EARN IT Act === Following earlier proposals, more recent legislative efforts have taken indirect approaches to the issue of encrypted data. One example is the EARN IT Act<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen. Graham |first=Lindsey [R-SC |date=2020-07-20 |title=S.3398 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): EARN IT Act of 2020 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3398 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>, first introduced in 2020. Rather than requiring companies to provide direct access to encrypted communications, the proposal focuses on limiting liability protections under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for platforms that do not follow certain guidelines related to preventing illegal content. Supporters argue that this approach would help law enforcement investigate serious crimes, while critics contend that it could pressure companies to monitor user communications or reduce the use of end-to-end encryption. Although the proposal has not been fully enacted, it represents a shift toward indirect methods of influencing how companies design and manage encrypted systems. === Recent Developments in Encryption Technology === Since the early proposals such as the Clipper Chip and Key Recovery, encryption technology has changed significantly. Many major communication platforms such as WhatsApp, Signal, and iMessage began adopting end-to-end encryption by default, allowing only the sender and recipient to read messages. This shift made encrypted communication widely respected as the industry standard rather than a new technology. The Signal Protocol is especially notable due to its use of the double ratchet algorithm and asynchronous messaging support, which helped contribute to the widespread trust of end to end encryption algorithms<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Signal Encryption Protocol? |language=en-US |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/signal-encryption-protocol-hacker-lexicon/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>. Many companies have also adopted “zero-knowledge” systems, where the service provider cannot access user data at all. Companies such as Proton AG design their systems so that they do not hold the keys needed to decrypt user information which results in the impossibility with complying with law enforcement. At the same time, smartphone manufacturers improved device security. Companies such as Apple and Google introduced full-device encryption and secure hardware features that protect data stored on phones. These systems make it difficult to access data even when a device is physically obtained. Another development is the growth of cloud storage and backups. User data is often stored on remote servers, which may be subject to different forms of access by law enforcement depending on how the data is encrypted. Apple’s advanced data protection launched in December of 2022 extended encryption to iCloud and furthered companies’ initiative to extend security to protect side channels previously used by law enforcement to access data<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The widespread use of encryption was even adopted by government agencies as detailed by the NDAA (National District Attorneys Association) in their 2018 Cybersecurity Standards. This proposal was created in the aim of strengthening technical security though restricting use of international products and funding a board to strengthen IT infrastructure. In response to these changes, law enforcement agencies have developed new methods for obtaining data. Rather than attempting to weaken encryption systems directly, agencies such as the FBI have used techniques such as device hacking and forensic analysis. These methods often target the device itself, where data may be available in unencrypted form. ===Current Status=== Though there have been many proposals for extending law enforcement's access to encrypted data in the United States, no proposals on the scale of the Clipper Chip or key recovery have come into effect. Companies and individuals can generally develop and use cryptography systems freely. Encrypted communication has become more widespread in recent years. Many commonly used applications now use end-to-end encryption by default, which limits access to message content. This has increased the difficulty for law enforcement agencies attempting to obtain certain types of digital evidence. Recent criminal investigations where the United States Justice Department was unable to retrieve encrypted information from phones, along with concerns over terrorist attacks, have led policymakers to renew calls for expanding law enforcement's access to encrypted data, bringing the issue back into the public eye. At the same time, law enforcement practices have changed. Agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation have made use of alternative methods to access data, including digital forensic tools and device-based investigations. In some cases, agencies obtain data from devices directly or from associated cloud accounts rather than attempting to decrypt communications. There has also been increased use of tools developed by private companies, such as Cellebrite, which assist in extracting data from locked devices. These developments show that, while encryption presents challenges, law enforcement agencies continue to adapt their methods. Despite ongoing debate, there is still no clear consensus on how to balance privacy and law enforcement access. As encryption technology continues to develop, this issue is likely to remain an area of discussion in the future. ==Support for Expanded Law Enforcement Access== In the United States and abroad, many organized groups want to give government agencies expanded power to read encrypted data in order to prevent and prosecute criminal activity. Government and law enforcement organizations are the most prominent of these groups. === The Obama Administration === In the aftermath of the [[w: November_2015_Paris_attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] and [[w: 2015_San_Bernardino_shooting|San Bernardino]], President Obama gave a national address about responding to future threats.<ref> White House. (2015). Address to the Nation by the President. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/06/address-nation-president </ref> One step in the plan is to prevent criminal activity on encrypted channels.<ref>Rampton, R. (2015). Obama appeals to Silicon Valley for help with online anti-extremist campaign. http://www.reuters.com/article/california-shooting-cyber-idUSKBN0TQ0A320151207</ref> However, it is unclear by what means the administration intends this to be accomplished. Earlier in the year, the Obama administration conceded its fight to make tech companies add a [[w: Backdoor_(computing)|backdoor]] to encryption, agreeing that doing so would weaken defenses against foreign governments and cybercriminals.<ref name="obama">Perlroth, N. & Sanger, D. (2015). Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/politics/obama-wont-seek-access-to-encrypted-user-data.html</ref> One of the Administration’s fears is that requiring a backdoor for companies in the United States would set a similar precedent for American companies in other countries, such as China.<ref name="obama"></ref> === Federal Bureau of Investigation === The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently fought with Apple over encryption in iMessage.<ref>Hern, A. (2015). Apple's Encryption Means It Can't Comply with US Court Order. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/08/apple-encryption-comply-us-court-order-iphone-imessage-justice</ref> In the newest versions of iOS, iMessage uses [[w: end-to-end encryption|end-to-end encryption]] so that only the sender and recipient can read messages<ref name = "Apple privacy">Apple. (2015). Our Approach to Privacy. http://www.apple.com/privacy/approach-to-privacy/</ref>, making it impossible for law enforcement to access encrypted content. FBI Director [[w: James Comey|James Comey]] compared this to an unlockable door and said that a warrant should be all that is required to access this data<ref>Nakashima, E. (2015). With Court Order, Federal Judge Seeks to Fuel Debate About Data Encryption. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-judge-stokes-debate-about-data-encryption/2015/10/10/c75da20e-6f6f-11e5-9bfe-e59f5e244f92_story.html</ref>. Comey noted how a terrorist who attempted to attack an event in Texas in May 2015 had been communicating with other terrorists abroad using encrypted messages<ref>Harte, J. & Volz, D. (2015). Shooter at Texas 'Draw Mohammed' Contest Messaged Foreign Militants: FBI. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-texas-shooting-comey-idUSKBN0TS2FU20151209</ref>, implying that these messages would have given authorities advance notice of the attempt had they been intercepted and read. The United States has no [[w: key disclosure law|key disclosure law]], unlike Canada, the UK, and France, effectively keeping these encrypted messages a secret. While key disclosure allows agencies to access encrypted data, it only helps when the suspect is known. It is useful for gathering evidence, but not for intelligence, when fast response times are necessary, especially in preventing terrorist attacks. === United Kingdom's Cameron Administration === Similar battles are happening outside the United States. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister [[w:David Cameron|David Cameron]] has spoken out against apps that send encrypted messages because most of them cannot be read by government.<ref name="cameron">Bienkov, A. (2015). David Cameron: Twitter and Facebook Privacy is Unsustainable. http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/david-cameron-twitter-and-facebook-privacy-is-unsustainable</ref> Cameron argued that, in the past, government agents could get a warrant and intercept phone calls or mail, but now there are channels that government cannot access, creating a “safe space” for criminals and terrorists.<ref name="cameron" /> Cameron would like legislation that bans apps that use encryption unless the app has a government backdoor.<ref name="cameron"></ref> === National District Attorneys Association === The National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) has been a vocal opponent of "warrant-proof" encryption.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=American Data Privacy Protection Act Concerns - Sept. 26, 2022 - National District Attorneys Association |url=https://www.ndaa.org/news/-american-data-privacy-protection-act-concerns---sept-26-2022 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ndaa.org |language=en}}</ref> The NDAA argues that while consumer data protection policies are needed to keep Americans safe, they often come at the expense of making law enforcement more difficult to conduct. They specifically argue that tools used by law enforcement officers in critical early stages of investigations are hampered by encrypted devices and that there is no clear alternative to these tools<ref name=":4" />. Rather than focus on large mass casualty crimes as the FBI did, the NDAA chooses to highlight the difficulties in investigating crime that impacts most Americans' local communities such as carjacking and drug offenses. The NDAA appeals to readers' desire for safety and security by suggesting that anyone can be a victim of such crimes, and in doing so, serves as an appeal to lawmakers who are tasked with keeping their constituents happy and safe. ==Opposition to Expanded Law Enforcement Access== Not everyone is in favor of expanding the government's access to private encrypted data. According to a 2014 poll, a majority of Americans (54%) “disapprove” of bulk government collection of phone and internet records,<ref> Pew Research Center. (2014). Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology. http://www.people-press.org/files/2014/06/6-26-14-Political-Typology-release1.pdf </ref> and presidential candidates as diverse as [[w: Bernie Sanders | Bernie Sanders]]<ref>https://berniesanders.com/issues/war-and-peace/</ref> and [[w: Rand Paul | Rand Paul]]<ref>https://www.randpaul.com/issue/ending-nsa-spying</ref> have spoken in favor of reining in the [[w: National Security Agency | National Security Agency’s ]] [[w: PRISM (surveillance program) | data collection programs]] during the 2016 election cycle. Most opposition comes from participants with concerns over privacy or technical issues, though other factors such as economic issues are also relevant. ===Participants with Privacy Concerns=== Many opponents of government access to data do so on privacy grounds. For instance, [[w : Tim Cook | Apple CEO Tim Cook]], speaking about his company’s [[w: end-to-end encryption | end-to-end encrypted]] [[w: IMessage | iMessage]] service, said “we believe the contents of your text messages and your video chats is none of our business.”<ref>Cook, T. (2015). Speech at Electronic Privacy Information Center. http://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/apples-tim-cook-delivers-blistering-speech-on-encryption-privacy/#.ulz3r9:kVGu</ref> Groups like the [[w: Electronic Frontier Foundation | Electronic Frontier Foundation]]<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). https://www.eff.org</ref> advocate for reducing government access to data on privacy grounds and enjoy reasonable support, including a budget in the tens of millions of dollars.<ref> Electronic Frontier Foundation. (2015). Annual Report. https://www.eff.org/about/annual-reports-and-financials </ref> Privacy concerns are not a new topic in the social sciences, but researchers have struggled even to define "privacy."<ref>Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding privacy.</ref> Despite the difficulty in defining it, researchers have found that people place significant value on keeping their data private,<ref>Acquisti, A., John, L. K., & Loewenstein, G. (2013). What is privacy worth?. The Journal of Legal Studies, 42(2), 249-274.</ref> and concern over privacy is likely at least partially motivated by economic factors; companies like Apple even expressly use their protection of consumer privacy as a selling point.<ref name = "Apple privacy"></ref> Many tech companies have also used privacy concerns over access to encrypted data as marketing tools. Apple for example, has consistently promoted its products by highlighting a strong commitment to user privacy. It has repeatedly refused to create backdoors for the FBI and other law enforcement agencies, arguing that such access would weaken security for all users rather than serve as a limited investigative tool<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy - Government Information Requests |url=https://www.apple.com/privacy/government-information-requests/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref>. After public disapproval over proposed tools to automatically detect certain harmful content, Apple has expanded its encryption efforts beyond messaging to include services such as iCloud photos, device backups, and file storage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2022-12-07 |title=Apple announces plans to encrypt iCloud backups |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/07/apple-announces-plans-to-encrypt-icloud-backups.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>. Expanding on their efforts to protect encrypted user data, Apple has implemented zero knowledge encryption with Advanced Data Protection<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCloud data security overview |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/102651 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>. The technology ensures that even Apple is not aware of the encrypted data stored on its products, and removes their ability to comply with any requests for encrypted data, including lawful requests from law enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has consistently opposed any legislation that grants law enforcement access to encrypted data. The advocacy seeks to defend various individual rights and liberties and cites encryption is an essential tool protecting Americans' right to privacy. While many groups have highlighted the dangers warrant proof encryption poses to victims of crimes, the ACLU highlights the danger posed by any governmental access to such data. Such victims include whistleblowers, journalists, and activists. The ACLU has taken a clear stance against Apple's proposed system for automatically detecting child sexual abuse content on users' devices, arguing that even well-intended measures can introduce mechanisms that may be exploited or expanded over time. Their argument emphasizes that permitting law enforcement access may only be the first step toward a more restrictive state, warning of the long-term dangers to civil rights if such access is granted beyond its original intent<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillmor |first=Jennifer Stisa Granick, Daniel Kahn |date=2023-10-20 |title=The Vital Role of End-to-End Encryption {{!}} ACLU |url=https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/the-vital-role-of-end-to-end-encryption |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=American Civil Liberties Union |language=en-US}}</ref>. ===Participants with Technical Concerns=== Many participants oppose weakening encryption on technical grounds. The basic argument is that a[[w: Backdoor (computing) | backdoor]] for law enforcement means that the encryption cannot be perfectly secure, because an attacker could use the backdoor to gain entry. As the[[w: Information Technology Industry Council | Information Technology Industry Council]] said in a statement following calls to add backdoors after the [[w: November 2015 Paris attacks | Paris attacks ]] in November 2015, weakening encryption by adding backdoors “simply doesn’t make sense.”<ref>Information Technology Industry Council. (2015). http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-encryption-idUSKCN0T82SS20151119</ref> This is the same argument that security experts used when the[[w: Clipper Chip | Clipper Chip]] was proposed, and which ultimately helped defeat it.<ref>Abelson, H., Anderson, R. N., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., ... & Schneier, B. (1997). The risks of key recovery, key escrow, and trusted third-party encryption.</ref> Opponents also contend that adding backdoors to encryption systems will not actually help law enforcement defeat threats. Nate Cardozo, staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has said that "intel agencies are drowning in data... It's not about having enough data; it's a matter of not knowing what to do with the data they already have."<ref>Cardozo, N. (2015). http://www.wired.com/2015/11/paris-attacks-cia-director-john-brennan-what-he-gets-wrong-about-encryption-backdoors/ </ref> Reports that the 2015 Paris attacks (which have been cited in proposals for backdoors, including by[[w: Central Intelligence Agency | CIA]] director[[w: John O. Brennan | John Brennan]])<ref> Brennan, J. (2015). Speech at Center for Strategic International Studies. http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/11/brennan-paris-wakeup-call-europe-encryption/123732/ </ref> were planned using unencrypted communications only make this claim stronger.<ref> Froomkin, D. (2015). Signs point to unencrypted communications between terror suspects. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/ </ref> == Legal Framework and the Battle of Social Values == In legal settings, social values come under pressure when groups hold competing interests. Several court cases have influenced how society interprets key social values, adding legal, political, and social complexity to the question of how much access law enforcement should have to encrypted data - and when that access becomes too much. === <u>United States Constitution: The Foundation of Our Rights</u> === Almost every case in this chapter cites, interprets, or challenges two constitutional amendments. Before analyzing those interpretations, it is important to clearly establish what the referenced amendments say about our [[wikipedia:List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States|constitutional rights]]: ==== 4th Amendment ==== The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-iv |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> In many encryption-related cases, defendants argued that warrantless device and data seizures violated this amendment. Courts often agreed, reinforcing the need for warrants before accessing encrypted devices and data. Over the past 50 years, the amendment's interpretation has remained consistent, protecting individuals and groups' dignity, privacy, and autonomy. ==== 5th Amendment ==== The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/amendments/amendment-v |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> The 5th Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to provide testimonial evidence against themselves ([[wikipedia:Self-incrimination|self-incrimination)]]. It is also well known for the [[wikipedia:Due_Process_Clause|proper due process]] clause, which outline how searches, seizures, and arrests must be conducted. Courts examined whether entering a passcode or decrypting data communicated knowledge, such as ownership, control, or the existence of specific files. When decryption would reveal new information, the 5th Amendment applies. When the government can already describe the evidence with reasonable particularity, court have sometimes allowed compelled access. These cases shape how society negotiates differing social interests, ideas, and values, forcing courts and communities to decide which principles - privacy, autonomy, security, or public trust - should carry the most weight when digital information becomes part of criminal investigation. === <u>Cases on Personal Privacy vs. Public Safety</u> === The following court cases ''Smith v. Maryland, U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California,'' and ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' highlight the evolving legal battle over how far the government may go in accessing digital information in the name of public safety and justice. Together they illustrate how constitutional protections written in the 18th century are reinterpreted to address current technologies, from cell phone applications to location tracking. They also go beyond legal bounds and address competing social values, where law enforcement's interest in preventing harm and investigating crime sometimes conflicts society's growing expectation of personal privacy extending to a digital space. As each case redefines the balance between these values, it also influences how U.S. citizens understand their legal rights and the conditions under which those rights can be limited or lost. ==== ''Smith v. Maryland'' (1979) ==== In [[wikipedia:Smith_v._Maryland|''Smith v. Maryland'']], Michael Lee Smith was arrested and indicted for robbing Patricia McDonough. To confirm Smith's identity after cross-referencing against the victim's description, the police asked the telephone company to install a [[wikipedia:Pen_register|pen register]]. However, they did so without a warrant or court order, since they believed Smith was the source of threatening calls made to McDonough. Once the pen register confirmed outgoing numbers, police obtained a warrant to search Smith's residence, where they seized the phonebook and identified Smith to be the robber. At trial, Smith sought to suppress the evidence collected by the pen register since the police did not obtain a warrant to seize his telecommunication information "prior to its installation," which he claimed violated his 4th Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. On June 20, 1979, the court ruled in favor of Maryland, holding that Smith had no "legitimate expectation of privacy" in the numbers he dialed because he voluntarily conveyed that information to the phone company, which they recorded as a part of their regular business practices. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/442/735/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''U.S. v. Cotterman'' (2013) ==== ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Cotterman|U.S. v. Cotterman]]'' began when Howard Cotterman returned from Mexico and was flagged by the [[wikipedia:TECS|Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS)]] database due to prior sexual offenses. At Lukeville, Arizona port of entry, border patrol officers conducted two searches (the second after the TECS notification), finding two laptops and 3 cameras, which [[wikipedia:United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement|Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)]] later came and seized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hlr |date=2014-01-17 |title=United States v. Cotterman |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-127/ninth-circuit-holds-forensic-search-of-laptop-seized-at-border-requires-showing-of-reasonable-suspicion-ae-united-states-v-cotterman-709-f-3d-952-9th-cir-2013-en-banc/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> After conducting an off-site digital forensic search, the government found hundreds of files containing child pornography on Cotterman's devices, and they indicted him for possession of such digital content. Cotterman motioned to suppress the evidence gained from the devices, claiming the forensic search violated the 4th Amendment. The United States argued that there are exceptions to the 4th Amendment regarding border searches. After being granted then reversed, the case was reheard [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/en_banc en banc]. The Ninth Circuit en banc finally held that the United States violated Cotterman's 4th Amendment rights, saying that forensic, comprehensive searches of digital devices at the border require reasonable suspicion, recognizing the heightened privacy interests in electronic data. ==== ''Riley v. California'' (2014) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:Riley_v._California|Riley v. California]],'' David Riley was stopped for a traffic violation, arrested on weapons charges, and had his cell phone seized and searched without a warrant, linking Riley to gang affiliation and involvement in a prior shooting. Riley moved to suppress the phone evidence, but the lower court denied his motion. A similar case, ''U.S. v. Wurie'' (2014), involved a similar warrantless search of a flip phone that linked Wurie to a drug stash in his apartment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Wurie |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/13-212 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court reviewed both cases together and ultimately decided that "the police generally may not, without a warrant, search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>. As a result, Riley's conviction was reversed while Wurie's case ruling was sustained. ==== ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' (2018) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Carpenter_v._United_States|Carpenter v. U.S.]]'' is similar to ''Riley v. California,'' in regard to how both involved data associated with cell phones. However, in the Carpenter case, police arrested four men with connection to an armed robbery. One of the men confessed and gave his number and all of the numbers of the other participants to the FBI, which they used to obtain orders to gain transactional records on each phone number. This was granted under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. 2703(d)]], which provides the government the ability to "require the disclosure of certain telecommunication records when 'specific and articulable facts show[] that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records or other information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.'"<ref>Carpenter v. United States. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402</nowiki></ref> The transactional records included evidential data about phone call location data and other [[wikipedia:Cell_site|cell site]] location information (CSLI). Timothy Carpenter moved to suppress the evidence gained from the CSLI data, arguing it violated the 4th Amendment. Ultimately, the Supreme Court narrowly sided with Carpenter, stating the warrantless search and seizure of phone users' location data violated the 4th Amendment, but this case also extended the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], which was originally established in ''Smith v. Maryland'' and ''U.S. v. Miller'' (1976). ==== Social Analysis: Privilege of Privacy Amongst Individuals ==== While ''Smith v. Maryland'' established early boundaries for digital privacy through the [[wikipedia:Third-party_doctrine|third-party doctrine]], the struggle between digital privacy and the government's duty to ensure public safety and promote the general welfare remains foundationally contested. Later cases ''U.S. v. Cotterman, Riley v. California, and Carpenter v. U.S.'' shifted the legal landscape by recognizing that digital privacy is not merely limited to or defined by location, device, or type of data. Further, these decisions affirm that modern technology and encrypted data function as extensions of one's identity: "phones are no longer merely phones, but important communication ...[and] data centers, and perhaps most significantly, loci for the digital culture."<ref>Steven I. Friedland, Riley v. California and the Stickiness Principle, 14 ''Duke Law & Technology Review'' 121-139 (2016)</ref> In a world where personal identity, social life, and daily conduct are increasingly mediated through digital platforms, individuals carry with them an expectation of privacy that is qualitatively different from what was considered in the past. However, this expectation is not universally accepted or consistently interpreted. The ability to protect one's digital privacy, through encryption, secure devices, and knowledge of digital rights, often underlines developing social privileges. As governments and courts continue to define the limitations and applications of privacy in an evolving cyber-physical space, tensions will continue to emerge between expanding privacy protections and ensuring that privacy is not viewed as a hindrance to justice, safety, or accountability. These tensions have been heightened by the recent rise in AI surveillance and automated data decryption services, where, as the [[wikipedia:American_Civil_Liberties_Union|ACLU]] notes, "the automated nature of these systems means that traditional limitations on police resources—once a vital check on government overreach—have been effectively eliminated."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2026 |title=AI-Powered Surveillance Is Turning the United States into a Digital Police State. Now is the Time to Stop It. |url=https://www.aclum.org/publications/ai-powered-surveillance-is-turning-the-united-states-into-a-digital-police-state-now-is-the-time-to-stop-it/ |website=ACLU of Massachusetts |language=en-US}}</ref> These cases reveal that privacy is not only a legal right but a social resource - one that is unevenly accessible, persistently contested, and potentially constrained depending on the level of influence and position one has within society, public institutions, and digital systems. === <u>Cases on Digital Autonomy vs. Law Enforcement's Authority</u> === These cases highlight a nearly twenty year trend in how courts navigate the tension between personal digital autonomy and expanding authority of law enforcement. Central to this is the forgone conclusion doctrine, a limited exception to the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause that can compel an individual to release encrypted data and passcodes if three factors are met: # The Government has knowledge of the existence of the evidence demanded # The defendant possessed or controlled the evidence, and # The evidence is authentic. The government must also be able to describe the evidence with "reasonable particularity." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foregone Conclusion Doctrine Allows Government to Make Criminal Defendant Disclose Computer Password |url=https://goldsteinmehta.com/blog/foregone-conclusion-doctrine |website=Goldstein Mehta LLC |language=en-US}}</ref> Although this doctrine is framed as a narrow case-by-case rule, its application in the digital era shifts power toward law enforcement in situations where devices and encrypted data act as extensions of personal identity, memory, and autonomy. As encryption continues to become a default feature of everyday technology, compelled-decryption cases raise questions about how much control individuals retain over their data and whether constitutional protections can keep up with rapidly evolving digital systems. While many courts, often citing ''In re Boucher'', have supported decryption under the doctrine, cases such as ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' emphasizes that society still recognizes meaningful limits on government authority and continue to affirm the social and legal value of personal digital autonomy. ==== ''In re Boucher Case'' (2009) ==== The [[wikipedia:In_re_Boucher|''In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Boucher'' case]] arose when Sebastien Boucher was arrested at the border between Canada and Vermont, where an officer's secondary inspection led to the discovery of child pornography on Boucher's computer. However, after seizing the laptop and once the computer was shut down, the hard drive's content could not be viewed again without entering in a passphrase. A Secret Service computer forensics expert testified that the drive had been encrypted using [[wikipedia:Pretty_Good_Privacy|Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)]] software and there was no backdoor for this type of encryption software.<ref>Pfefferkorn, Riana, In Re Boucher: Hard Drives Make Pretty Good Law? Encryption Passphrases as Testimonial Evidence Under the Fifth Amendment (February 1, 2009). Available at SSRN: <nowiki>https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883697</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1883697</nowiki></ref> In response, the grand jury subpoenaed Boucher to release the passphrases to the government, in which Boucher successfully moved to quash the subpoena, initially. Boucher argued that this violated his 5th Amendment rights against self-incrimination, but after further review the U.S. District Court for Vermont reversed the initial grant. The reasoning for this reversal is that since the files sought allegedly contain child pornographic content, the entry of the password is incriminating and therefore the real question is whether the "subpoena seeks testimonial communication." Also, both parties agreed that the content in the files did not share the same 5th Amendment privileges as revealing the password, as the files were "voluntarily prepared" and not testimonial.<ref>In Re Boucher (United States District Court for the District of Vermont November 29, 2009). <nowiki>https://www.volokh.com/files/Boucher.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> The real question lies in whether entry of the password, and ultimately handing the files over to the government, would be testimonial and a violation of the 5th Amendment. The final verdict states that "Boucher has no act of production privilege to refuse to provide the grand jury with an unencrypted version of the Z drive of his computer," and that "the government may not make use of Boucher's act of production to authenticate the unencrypted Z drive or its contents either before the grand jury or a petit jury," ultimately legally compelling Boucher to decrypt his device and hand the files to the government.<ref>In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, <nowiki>https://yalelawtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/boucher_-_sessions_-_appeal.pdf</nowiki> (United States District Court for the District of Vermont. February 19, 2009).</ref> This case became a significant landmark of [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure law]] through being regarded as [[wikipedia:Case_law|case law]], and its influence is significant in several other court cases discussed in the battle of self autonomy and authority. ==== ''U.S. v. Doe'' (Dated March 25, 2011) ==== In the case of ''U.S. v. Doe,'' FBI agents seized two laptops and five external hard drives from a man under investigation, but the data was stored behind an encryption program assumed to be [[wikipedia:TrueCrypt|TrueCrypt]]. When ordered by a grand jury to produce unencrypted contents of the hard drives, he invoked the 5th Amendment, claiming a breach of protections against self-incrimination. Specifically, Doe argued that "the Government’s use of the decrypted contents of the hard drives would constitute derivative use of his immunized testimony, use not protected by the district court’s grant of immunity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011, USA v. John Doe, No. 11-12268 (11th Cir. 2012) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/11-12268/11-12268-2012-02-23.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Doe also explained he was unable to decrypt the hard drive (which was disregarded in this case as well as the appeal case), but ultimately the court held Doe in contempt and jailed him. After appealing the decision, the circuit court ruled that decrypting the data is testimonial and therefore protected by the 5th Amendment (in favor of Doe), a comparably different outcome than seen in ''In re Boucher'' and ''U.S. v. Fricosu,'' and a significant limitation on the foregone conclusion doctrine. ==== ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' (2012) ==== In ''[[wikipedia:United_States_v._Fricosu|U.S. v. Fricosu]],'' the FBI obtained a search warrant for Colorado resident Ramona Fricosu under suspicion of mortgage fraud. During the search, agents seized six computers. One of the six computers seized was password-encrypted by a program called PGP Desktop, which "provides easy to use and secure encryption to protect sensitive data on your laptop or desktop computers." <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Symantec Encryption Desktop? (formerly known as PGP Desktop Encryption) |url=https://help.uillinois.edu/TDClient/37/uic/KB/PrintArticle?ID=776 |website=help.uillinois.edu}}</ref> The day after the execution of the search warrant, Fricosu made a call to her incarcerated divorced ex-husband, and the recorded conversation revealed that both her and her ex-husband were aware of the content in her laptop, as well as the encryption program and her legal instruction to not provide any passwords, as protected by the 5th Amendment. In closing, several facts of the case (including file names, location of laptop, and connection to her ex-husband and his convictions) led the court to hold that Fricosu is legally compelled to provide an unencrypted copy of the files to the government as evidence, aligning with the ''In re Boucher'' case and applying the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Fricosu, Criminal Case No. 10–cr–00509–REB–02. {{!}} D. Colo., Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914e216add7b049348ee62f |website=https://www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' (2012) ==== ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt'' is another case regarding compelled decryption via [[wikipedia:Key_disclosure_law|key disclosure laws]] influenced by ''In re Boucher''. Leon I. Gelfgatt, an attorney, was indicted with seventeen counts of forgery of a document, seventeen counts of [[wikipedia:Uttering|uttering]] a forged instrument, and three counts of attempting to commit larceny. The charges came from allegations against Gelfgatt that he conducted a scheme, using several computers, to receive ill-obtained funds that he used to pay mortgage loans for residential properties. The Commonwealth asked the judge to grant legal compulsion of Gelfgatt to decrypt his computers, in which the judge denied originally but asked for higher-level advisement on the question:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/2014/sjc-11358.html |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> "Can the defendant be compelled pursuant to the Commonwealth's proposed protocol to provide his key to seized encrypted digital evidence despite the rights and protections provided by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article Twelve of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights?"<ref name=":0" /> The Supreme Judicial Court, after further review of the law in question, reversed the judges denial to the Commonwealth's request for Gelfgatt's compulsion, implying in their verdict that "the government can ... compel the defendant to produce it [digital evidence] where it already knows what the information is, and the defendant’s disclosure would add little or nothing to what the government’s knowledge," another application of the forgone conclusion doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Zoraida |date=2019-03-20 |title=Can the Commonwealth Compel You to Unlock Your Cell Phone? SJC Clarifies Certain Circumstances in Which it Can |url=https://www.bostonlawyerblog.com/can-the-commonwealth-compel-you-to-unlock-your-cell-phone-sjc-clarifies-certain-circumstances-in-which-it-can/ |website=Boston Lawyer Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' (2019) ==== The ''In re: Search of A Residence in Oakland, California'' case presents a notably different application of the 4th and 5th Amendments in a cyber-physical system, compared to cases like ''In re Boucher'', ''U.S. v. Fricosu'', and ''Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt.'' In this case, the government was investigating two individuals suspected of committing extortion scheme conducted through Facebook Messenger. The government's warrant application asked for the authority to search the Oakland residence and seize all digital devices on the premise, and to compel any individual present to unlock the devices through [[wikipedia:Biometrics|biometric]] features, even if they were not the subjects of the warrant. The magistrate judge denied the application, finding that "while the Government had probable cause to search the premises under the Fourth Amendment, it did not have probable cause to search and seize ''all'' digital devices nor compel their unlocking using biometric features because the search warrant application was not limited to digital devices owned or controlled by the suspects."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Nowell D. Bamberger, Melissa Gohlke, Sameer Jaywant |date=2019-01-23 |title=Court Holds That 5th Amendment Self-Incrimination Privilege Precludes Compelling Fingerprint or Facial Recognition Access to Digital Devices {{!}} Cleary Enforcement Watch |language=en-US |work=Cleary Enforcement Watch |url=https://www.clearyenforcementwatch.com/2019/01/court-holds-5th-amendment-self-incrimination-privilege-precludes-compelling-fingerprint-facial-recognition-access-digital-devices/}}</ref> Citing ''Carpenter v. U.S.'' in 2018, the court emphasized how "the advancement of technology should not be accompanied by an erosion in the constitutional rights of the people, and that courts should vigilantly guard against such erosion."<ref name=":1" /> In its final reasoning, the court held that biometric data cannot be compelled to unlock devices, including "fingers, thumbs, facial recognition, optical/iris, or any other biometric feature to unlock electronic devices." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baron |first=Ethan |last2=News |first2=The Mercury |date=2019-01-16 |title=Biometrics Ruling Limits How Police Can Access a Smartphone |url=https://www.govtech.com/products/Biometrics-Ruling-Limits-How-Police-Can-Access-a-Smartphone.html |website=GovTech |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''State v. Andrews'' (2020) ==== ''State v. Andrews'' began with the arrest of Quincy Lowery for suspected involvement in a New Jersey drug-trafficking ring. However, Lowery confessed officer Robert Andrews helped him evade detection by warning Lowery of the wiretap on his phone and the GPS tracker on his Jeep. Lowery even showed the investigators the text messages to prove such evidence, but because he reset his phone a month earlier, most of the text messages were wiped. Officers requested Andrews to hand over his two iPhones, in which Andrews did so voluntarily without giving out the passwords to unlock them. Without a way to effectively decrypt the passwords, the State obtained warrants for the phones' contents and motioned for Andrews to reveal the passwords. Andrews refused citing the 5th Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause. Once the trial court supported the State's motion and Andrews appealed the courts decision, the appeals court upheld the trial court's decision, stating "because the State had already established that Andrews owned, possessed, and controlled his iPhones, his act of producing their passcodes, while 'testimonial,' fell under this 'foregone conclusion' exception."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-04-12 |title=State v. Andrews |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/state-v-andrews/ |website=Harvard Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Andrews appealed the decision again, and the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed both lower courts, holding "that the Fifth Amendment privilege was overcome by the government’s knowledge of three key facts: the passcodes’ existence, their possession by the defendant, and their authenticity,"<ref name=":2" /> ultimately compelling Andrews to reveal the passwords to the iPhones. ==== Social Analysis: Increasing Authority at the Cost of Digital Autonomy ==== The current U.S. legal landscape underlines a shift in how society balances personal digital autonomy against government authority. As courts increasingly apply the forgone conclusion doctrine to encrypted devices and data, they reshape social expectations about privacy, identity, and government authority. With digital devices functioning as extensions of our lives, compelled decryption has social implications far beyond traditional evidence production. Cases such as ''In re Boucher, U.S. v. Fricosu, Commonwealth v. Gelfgatt,'' and ''State v. Andrews'' have normalized broader government access to encrypted data, strengthening a social narrative that national security interests outweigh individual control over digital identity. This could erode trust and accountability, particularly in communities already skeptical of law enforcement, and may create concerning effects on expression, association, and political participation. As compelled access becomes more routine, society risks normalizing a surveillance-based relationship between citizens and the government. However, cases like ''U.S. v. Doe'' and the ''Oakland Biometrics Case'' demonstrate the value digital autonomy and the importance of limiting the government's power when compelled decryption becomes indistinguishable from self-incrimination. Advocacies, professional organizations, and non-profits also play a crucial role in shaping both the public's view and judicial reasoning. For example, the [[wikipedia:Electronic_Frontier_Foundation|Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF)]] wrote amicus briefs (a legal document providing advice, information, or arguments related to a case) for both ''U.S. v. Fricosu'' and ''U.S. v. Doe'', consistently arguing that the 5th Amendment protected individuals from all forms of compelled decryption. They emphasized that the different outcomes in these cases resulted from not doctrinal inconsistency but from the defendant's own disclosures, underlining how "silence is golden." Noting how "Boucher talked to law enforcement" and "Fricosu talked to her ex-husband and co-defendant in jail," the EFF claims "it was this talking that defeated their Fifth Amendment privilege through the foregone conclusion doctrine."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhoury |first=Hanni |date=2012-03-07 |title=A Tale of Two Encryption Cases |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/03/tale-two-encryption-cases |website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Together, the legal and social proponents of conflicting civil liberties, often driven by strong social values, illustrate a battle over the definition of digital autonomy, one which courts, civil liberties organizations, and the public are actively shaping the future boundaries of state authority in an increasingly data-driven society. === <u>Cases on Managing Public Trust & Accountability</u> === This final section addresses the critical but often overlooked social values of public trust and accountability, particularly in the management of personal data. As emerging technologies such as [[wikipedia:Quantum_computing|quantum computing]], [[wikipedia:Artificial_intelligence|AI]], and [[wikipedia:Edge_computing|edge computing]] reshape how information is stored and accessed, public trust in institutions responsible for protecting digital rights has become increasingly fragile. People typically rely on governments, courts, and large organizations to act as stewards of their data and to ensure that justice is upheld when digital rights are threatened. However, the following cases reveal a series of paradoxes, where entities display conflicting interests in data management and the legal framework governing their practices lag behind the change in technology. These tensions propose significant questions in who truly manages data and, by extension, who the public can trust to enact accountability in an increasingly digital world. ==== ''U.S. v. Microsoft'' (2018) ==== [[File:BalticServers data center.jpg|thumb|Data centers hold vast amounts of information about millions of individuals and organizations, making them a significant source of digital evidence.]] In ''[[wikipedia:Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States|U.S. v. Microsoft]],'' the FBI in 2013 obtained a warrant under the [[wikipedia:Stored_Communications_Act|Stored Communications Act]] requiring Microsoft to release encrypted email and other information connected to one of their customers that was under suspicion of being involved in illegal drug trafficking. Microsoft refused to comply, arguing these emails were stored in its Dublin, Ireland data center and that the SCA did not authorize U.S. courts to compel production of data outside of its borders. Microsoft moved to quash the warrant, questioning how a United States federal law can be enforced outside of U.S. borders. While the move to quash the warrant was denied by the district court, Microsoft appealed the ruling and was granted their motion to quash it by the Second Circuit court. The U.S. Department of Justice petitioned to review the new decision, claiming that the warrant was "a domestic application of the SCA," and that the appealed decision "would be 'impractical and detrimental to law enforcement' and that the use of the SCA to obtain user data stored abroad would respect 'the United States’ international obligations.'"<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=https://epic.org/documents/united-states-v-microsoft/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> After the Supreme Court granted the petition and planned to hold another hearing, the federal government enacted the [[wikipedia:CLOUD_Act|Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act)]], which in essence established that U.S. service providers must produce data within their possession, custody, or control regardless of where the data is physically stored. This ultimately led to the case being dismissed as unnecessary and Microsoft being legally compelled by the CLOUD Act to obtain and provide the data from its Irish datacenter, due to Microsoft being a U.S. company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft Corp., 584 U.S. ___ (2018) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/584/17-2/ |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>United States v. Microsoft Corporation. (n.d.). ''Oyez''. <nowiki>https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/17-2</nowiki></ref> ==== ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' (2021) ==== ''[[wikipedia:Van_Buren_v._United_States|Van Buren v. U.S.]]'' addresses access to encrypted data very differently from ''U.S. v. Microsoft''. Georgia police sergeant Nathan Van Buren was bribed by Andrew Albo, who was cooperating with an FBI sting operation, to run a license plate search on a possible undercover cop. Van Buren complied to the request, and through the [[wikipedia:Crime_information_center|Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)]] he used his authorized credentials to look up the provided license plate to confirm the identity of an undercover cop. Although officers are trained that GCIC access is strictly limited to law enforcement purposes specifically, Van Buren technically accessed only information he was already authorized to view. He was charged with violating the [[wikipedia:Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act|Computer Fraud & Abuse Act (CFAA)]], which he petitioned for review claiming that he technically did not exceed access authority as a law enforcement official with proper credentials to access the GCIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Buren v. United States |url=https://epic.org/documents/van-buren-v-united-states/ |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The court argued that "the purpose in using the system was immaterial," and with there being no purpose limitation cited in the CFAA, "Van Buren was authorized to access the database and di not violate the CFAA."<ref name=":3">Scott T. Lashway and Matthew M.K. Stein, ''Signs Inscribed on a Gate: The Impact of Van Buren v. United States on Civil Claims Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act'', 44 W. New Eng. L. Rev. 109 (2022), <nowiki>https://digitalcommons.law.wne.edu/lawreview/vol44/iss1/5</nowiki></ref> The court also made three important notes regarding the outcome and implications of this case and the CFAA, stating as follows: # Amending the CFAA to include a purpose-based limitation criminalizes ordinary conduct, such as when an employee uses a business computer to send and check personal emails. # Purpose-based limitations are unstable and potentially unclear, blurring what is considered "normal" and "criminal" conduct. # The CFAA was only concerned in Van Buren's credentials, not his purpose for accessing GCIC records. Future disputes may address how contracts, policies, and terms of service interact with the statute's access-based limitations. ==== Social Analysis: Continuously Balancing Restriction and Freedoms ==== [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800)(cropped).jpg|thumb|Thomas Jefferson recognized the power the public provides to its government, and the importance of the government maintaining the public's trust.]] As [[wikipedia:Thomas_Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] once stated, "when a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-01 |title=Basic Obligation of Public Service {{!}} U.S. Department of the Interior |url=https://www.doi.gov/ethics/basic-obligations-of-public-service |website=www.doi.gov |language=en}}</ref> The principal Jefferson emphasizes is that public institutions derive their legitimacy from the people and must remain accountable to them. Yet the modern legal framework surrounding encrypted data often moves in the opposite direction. In cases such as ''U.S. v. Microsoft,'' the government asserted authority beyond U.S. borders, raising important questions about which institutions, domestic or foreign, citizens are expected to trust with their digital lives. Microsoft and privacy advocates warned that if the U.S. can issue a warrant that legally compels decryption abroad, "other countries will in turn use their own laws to seize data stored in the U.S" which "could put Americans’ emails (and other data) at risk of seizure by foreign governments."<ref>Kruse, N. (2018, March 1). ''U.S. v. Microsoft: Is Your Data and Privacy at Risk?''. Byte Back. <nowiki>https://www.bytebacklaw.com/2018/03/u-s-v-microsoft-is-your-data-and-privacy-at-risk/</nowiki></ref> The CLOUD Act further complicates this landscape by shifting practical control of data from the government to private, for-profit corporations. Even when data is physically stored in another country, ownership and decision-making authority often remain with companies like Microsoft, Facebook, and Apple, who all supported the CLOUD Act and whose incentives are shaped not by democratic accountability but by reputation management, market pressures, and financial interests. This raises two currently unanswered questions of public trust: first, how can citizens trust governmental systems when jurisdictional boundaries blur and government authority extends beyond its traditional limits, and second, how can they trust corporations to act as responsible stewards of their data when their obligations to shareholders may conflict with the public's interest in privacy and autonomy? Furthermore, ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' produces a paradoxical outcome, where individuals protected from being criminalized for everyday digital behavior while simultaneously exposing the public to greater risks of insider misuses of encrypted data by law enforcement. The CFAA was originally designed to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information, but Van Buren narrowed its scope by rejecting any inquiry into a person's purpose for accessing data. In doing so, the court prevented the CFAA from becoming an overly broad "terms-of-service crime," yet it also removed a potential safeguard against officers who misuse their legitimate credentials to access personal information for improper reasons. As scholars note, the CFAA retains its force, "even with the purpose inquiry foreclosed: access may not be authorization, and authorization or its limits could be inferred from context and terms of use."<ref name=":3" /> Regardless, this case “does not definitively resolve the question of whether unauthorized access must be barred by a hardware or software gateway or if activity can become ‘unauthorized’ by a contractual ban" and “largely for that reason, the practical effects on the CFAA’s civil enforcement provisions remain to be seen.”<ref>Melanie Assad, Van Buren v. United States: An Employer Defeat or Hacker’s Victory – Or Something in Between, 21 UIC REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 166 (2022).</ref> From a public trust perspective, this creates a double-edged sword: the decision limits government overreach, yet it also leaves the public more vulnerable to the very actors entrusted with sensitive data, raising the difficult questions about accountability, oversight, and the social value of trust in law enforcement. Both ''U.S. v Microsoft'' and ''Van Buren v. U.S.'' offer different stories connected by their influence over public trust and accountability; one raises concerns about how far a government's authority extends and the inherent ownership of encrypted data by companies driven by the market and productivity, while the other is seen as a win for protecting individuals from accidental criminalization of normal activities and a loss for holding law enforcement accountable by removing an extra layer of protection through authorization and credentials. As technology changes and evolves, shaping the application of data encryption, management, and access, future litigations may arise, and the question of who will maintain the public's trust in data privacy and digital autonomy will most likely continue to be overlooked and potentially mishandled. All of these court cases point toward a future that will quickly challenge long-held and accepted social values, especially in regard to extending those values to encrypted digital or cyber-physical platforms, and it is up to all participants to make these social values known and considered, whether it is noted by an advocacy, non-profit organization, for-profit corporation, law enforcement agencies, regular citizens, or the courts. ==Conclusion== The struggle over law enforcement access to encrypted data is far from over. Future additions to this chapter should explain how the primary participants in the debate have changed as well as new legal and technological developments. One useful addition would be the [[wikipedia:Communications_Assistance_for_Law_Enforcement_Act|Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)]], which states that carriers are generally not responsible for decrypting communications unless they provide the encryption and possess the information needed to decrypt it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=47 USC 1002: Assistance capability requirements |url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:47+section:1002+edition:prelim) |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=uscode.house.gov}}</ref> Also, more details about the All Writs Act and how it was used in the San Bernardino investigation would help contextualize the sentiment on this topic during the Obama administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple v. FBI |url=https://epic.org/documents/apple-v-fbi-2/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center |language=en-US}}</ref> These examples would help show that the legal and social conflict over encryption is at times more critical than the technical aspect of encryption. Future updates could also discuss newer legislative and institutional participants. For example, the Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act in 2020 proposed requiring device manufacturers and service providers to assist law enforcement with access to encrypted data after a warrant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Senate |first=Congress |date=2020-06-23 |title=S. 4051 (IS) - Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FBILLS-116s4051is |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=govinfo.gov}}</ref> Even though this proposal did not become a law, it reveals the continued interest of Congress in the encryption debate and their framing of encrypted data as a public safety issue. Future additions could also discuss the Department of Justice and FBI's continued use of the phrase "lawful access," which presents encryption as a barrier to valid warrants rather than a privacy tool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-29 |title=Office of Legal Policy {{!}} Lawful Access |url=https://www.justice.gov/olp/lawful-access |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> This broadens the chapter beyond courts and technology companies by framing prosecutors, legislators, and executive agencies as important participants in the debate. Finally, the chapter could be improved by including ongoing and additional recent court cases. For example, United States v. Payne established that compelled use of a fingerprint to bypass biometric security on a phone was not testimonial communication and did not violate the Fifth Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USA V. PAYNE, No. 22-50262 (9th Cir. 2024) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/22-50262/22-50262-2024-04-17.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> However, United States v. Brown had a similar situation of compelled biometric unlocking, but the D.C. Circuit decided that it did violate the Fifth Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USA v. Brown, No. 23-3074 (D.C. Cir. 2025) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cadc/23-3074/23-3074-2025-01-17.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Other important cases include State v. Missak, which raises questions about how specific a warrant must be before police can search a cell phone, and State of New Mexico v. Meta Platforms, Inc. which concerns how Meta's end-to-end encryption significantly reduces their ability to detect child exploitation material on their platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. ZAK A. MISSAK |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/appellate-division-unpublished/2025/a-2602-23.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Mexico Department of Justice Wins Landmark Verdict Against Meta - New Mexico Department of Justice |url=https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/new-mexico-department-of-justice-wins-landmark-verdict-against-meta/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GovInfo |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-nmd-1_23-cv-01115/summary?sm_guid=OTUxOTQyfDc4MzM5Mjg0fC0xfGpvY2VseW5uZS5zY3V0dEBjYW50YWIubmV0fDg1ODg3NDl8fDB8MHwzMDY2NDkyMTd8MTEzMnwwfDB8fDk1NDQwMHww0 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.govinfo.gov |language=en}}</ref> These cases broaden the encryption debate and show that it isn't only about encryption backdoors, and more about biometric access, phone-search limits, and platform liability. This also shows how there are many competing social values in this debate such as values of privacy, safety, and accountability. Additionally, interesting additions to this chapter could include updates covering future developments and expansion to cover encryption worldwide. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} ndfs5b7q4wkctrs2ga15iah7h7ty1sn 10 377858 4633520 4618179 2026-05-02T14:50:18Z ~2026-26626-54 3580708 4633520 wikitext text/x-wiki ﺐ{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{possible-risk}} === Usage === This template evaluates an expression sequence using [[Module:Wikilisp]]. Pass the expression sequence as the first unnamed template parameter; all parameters to the template are also passed to the module. For example, : {{tlx|evalx|(get-substring (get-arg 2) 2 3)|abcd}} would expand to : {{evalx|(get-substring (get-arg 2) 2 3)|abcd}} {{#ifexist:Template:Dialog/ifsupported|{{dialog/ifsupported|1=<hr> {{dialog/text|id=expr}} {{dialog/view|page=Template:Evalx/test|label=eval|delegable=yes|expr|test-eval::{{{test-eval|}}}}} <hr>|2=}}}} {{#ifexist:Template:Dialog/ifsupported| Here's a nontrivial example, made to work in concert with [[Help:Dialog|dialog]] verb [[{{SITENAME}}:Dialog/do/doc#Verb: edit|edit]]. It modifies the entire content of a wiki page (provided through template parameter {{nowrap|<code>SUBJECT-CONTENT</code>}}) to submit the article for review{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikinews||&zwj; on Wikinews}}, by removing calls to templates {{(*|2}}[[n:Template:Develop|develop]]{{*)|2}} and {{(*|2}}[[n:Template:Tasks|tasks]]{{*)|2}} and adding a call at the top of the page to template {{(*|2}}[[n:Template:Review|review]]{{*)|2}}. <pre> {{evalx|(define s (get-arg 2)) (define t (filter (parse s) call? (\x (member? (ucfirst (trim (get-substring s (nth (get-parts x) 1)))) (list "Dialog/submit" "Develop" "Developing" "Development" "Draft" "Tasks"))))) (set-substring s (+ (list (list 1 0)) t) (+ (list "{{(*}}{{(*}}review{{*)}}{{*)}}") (map (\x "") t))) |{{{SUBJECT-CONTENT|}}}}} </pre> }}A different module, to use instead of [[Module:Wikilisp]], may be specified by non-blank template parameter <code>test-eval</code>. === Internals === When [[Module:Wikilisp]] is <code>#invoke</code>d directly, rather than through an intermediary template such as {{tl|evalx}}, the module point of entry is Lua function <code>rep</code>, and the invocation parameters are accessible through Wikilisp functions {{nowrap|<code>get-arg</code>}} and {{nowrap|<code>get-arg-expr</code>}}. However, the intermediary template cannot explicitly pass its arbitrary template parameters to the invocation since it doesn't know their names in advance. To compensate, an alternative point of entry is provided through Lua function <code>trep</code>, that feeds {{nowrap|<code>get-arg</code>}} and {{nowrap|<code>get-arg-expr</code>}} the parameters to the intermediary template instead of the parameters to <code>#invoke</code>. === See also === * [[Module:Wikilisp]] for documentation of the expression language. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> {{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikinews|[[Category:Wikinews tech]]}} [[Category:Dialog required support templates]] </includeonly> tjfcymmq9eilv2jmtg8xrcht63acjhr 0 398641 4633839 4230958 2026-05-03T11:51:14Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Chilling effect (disambiguation)}} {{distinguish|Chilling Effects}} {{globalize/US|date=March 2013}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}} {{Censorship by country}} In a legal context, a '''chilling effect''' is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of natural and legal rights by the threat of legal sanction.<ref>chilling effect. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2011, from http://law.yourdictionary.com/chilling-effect</ref> The right that is most often described as being suppressed by a chilling effect is the US constitutional right to free speech. A chilling effect may be caused by legal actions such as the passing of a law, the decision of a court, or the threat of a lawsuit; any legal action that would cause people to hesitate to exercise a legitimate right (freedom of speech or otherwise) for fear of legal repercussions. When that fear is brought about by the threat of a libel lawsuit, it is called '''libel chill'''.<ref>Green, A. (October 15, 2009). Banish the libel chill. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/oct/15/simon-singh-libel-laws-chiropractic</ref> A lawsuit initiated specifically for the purpose of creating a chilling effect may be called a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation, or more commonly, a "SLAPP suit". "Chilling" in this context normally implies an undesirable slowing. Outside the legal context in common usage; any coercion or threat of coercion (or other unpleasantries) can have a chilling effect on a group of people regarding a specific behavior, and often can be statistically measured or be plainly observed. For example, the news headline "Flood insurance [price] spikes have chilling effect on some home sales,"<ref name="Price Spikes">October 15, 2013, WWL‑TV Eyewitness News Headline: [http://www.wwltv.com/news/Skyrocketing-flood-insurance-rates-has-chilling-effect-on-some-home-sales-227940191.html Flood insurance spikes have chilling effect on some home sales.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119055232/http://www.wwltv.com/news/Skyrocketing-flood-insurance-rates-has-chilling-effect-on-some-home-sales-227940191.html |date=November 19, 2013 }} "Realtors say [price spikes are] already causing home sales to fall through when buyers realize they can't afford the flood insurance." Retrieved January 26, 2014</ref> and the abstract title of a two‐part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships: "The chilling effect of aggressive potential on the expression of complaints in intimate relationships."<ref name="Dating-1993">Communication Monographs, Volume 60, Issue 3, 1993 <br> Denise H. Clovena & Michael E. Roloffb pages 199–219 <br> "THE CHILLING EFFECT OF AGGRESSIVE POTENTIAL ON THE EXPRESSION OF COMPLAINTS IN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS" <br> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03637759309376309?journalCode=rcmm20#.Uua5-NLTlxA Abstract, by DH Cloven – 1993 -Published online: 02 Jun 2009] – (Cited by 99) <br> "A two‐part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships.... This chilling effect was greater when individuals who generally feared conflict anticipated aggressive repercussions (p < .001), and when people anticipated symbolic aggression from relationally independent partners (p < .05)."</ref> ==Usage== In United States and Canadian law, the term ''chilling effects'' refers to the stifling effect that vague or excessively broad laws may have on legitimate speech activity. However, the term is also now commonly used outside American legal jargon, such as the chilling effects of high prices<ref name="Price Spikes" /> or of corrupt police, or of "anticipated aggressive repercussions" (in say, personal relationships<ref name="Dating-1993" />). A chilling effect is an effect that reduces, suppresses, discourages, delays, or otherwise retards reporting concerns of any kind. An example of the "chilling effect" in Canadian case law can be found in ''Iorfida v. MacIntyre'' where the constitutionality of a criminal law prohibiting the publication of literature depicting illicit drug use was challenged. The court found that the law had a "chilling effect" on legitimate forms of expression and could stifle political debate on issues such as the legalization of marijuana.<ref>Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)at para. 20, <{{cite web |url=http://canlii.ca/s/wwhi |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120713212406/http://canlii.ca/s/wwhi |archivedate=July 13, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}> retrieved on 2011-10-25</ref> The court noted that it did not adopt the same "chilling effect" analysis used in American law but considered the chilling effect of the law as a part of its own analysis.<ref>Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC) at para. 37, <{{cite web |url=http://canlii.ca/s/wwhi |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120713212406/http://canlii.ca/s/wwhi |archivedate=July 13, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}> retrieved on 2011-10-25</ref> <!-- Please expand by adding the usage in other countries --> ==History== In 1644 John Milton expressed the chilling effect of censorship in ''Areopagitica'': {{quote|For to distrust the judgement and the honesty of one who hath but a common repute in learning and never yet offended, as not to count him fit to print his mind without a tutor or examiner, lest he should drop a schism or something of corruption, is the greatest displeasure and indignity to a free and knowing spirit that can be put upon him.<ref>John Milton (1644) Areopagitica, edited by George H. Sabine (1951), page 29, Appleton-Century-Crofts</ref>}} The term ''chilling effect'' has been in use in the United States since as early as 1950.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/vanlr4&id=547&collection=journals |title= 4 Vanderbilt Law Review 533, at 539 (1950–1951): The Supreme Court and Civil Liberties |accessdate= |last= Freund |first= Paul A. |date= |publisher= |pages= |quote= }}</ref> The United States Supreme Court first refers to the "chilling effect" in the context of the United States Constitution in ''Wieman v. Updegraff'' in 1952.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Chilling Effect in Constitutional Law|journal=Columbia Law Review|volume=69|issue=5|date=May 1969|pages=808–842|jstor=1121147}}</ref> It, however, became further used as a legal term when William J. Brennan, a justice of the United States Supreme Court, used it in a judicial decision (''Lamont v. Postmaster General'') which overturned a law requiring a postal patron receiving "communist political propaganda"<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cfif.org/htdocs/freedomline/current/guest_commentary/saffire-shield-law.htm |title= Safire Urges Federal Journalist Shield Law |accessdate= 2008-06-18 |last= Safire |first= William |authorlink= |author2= |date= July 20, 2005 |publisher= Center For Individual Freedom |quote= Justice Brennan reported having written a 1965 decision striking down a state's intrusion on civil liberty because of its "chilling effect upon the exercise of First Amendment rights...” }}</ref> to specifically authorize the delivery.<ref name=lamont>{{cite web |url= http://supreme.justia.com/us/381/301/ |title= LAMONT V. POSTMASTER GENERAL, 381 U. S. 301 (1965) |accessdate= 2008-06-18 |publisher= Justia |quote= }}</ref> The ''Lamont'' case, however, did not center around a law that explicitly stifles free speech. The "chilling effect" referred to at the time was a "deterrent effect" on freedom of expression—even when there is no law explicitly prohibiting it. However, in general, "chilling effect" is now often used in reference to laws or actions that do not explicitly prohibit legitimate speech, but that impose undue burdens.<ref name=lamont />{{Failed verification|date=January 2009}} ==See also== * Censorship * Culture of fear * Opinion corridor * Fear mongering * Media transparency * Prior restraint * Strategic lawsuit against public participation ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== * [https://lumendatabase.org Lumen], containing many current examples of alleged chilling effects * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050830085000/http://www.hfac.uh.edu/comm/media_libel/libel/definition.html Terms associated with libel cases] * [http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-270.html Cato Policy Analysis No. 270] Chilling The Internet? Lessons from FCC Regulation of Radio Broadcasting * [http://www.libelreform.org Libel Reform Campaign] The Chilling Effect of English libel law {{Censorship}} {{Law}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Censorship]] [[Category:Freedom of expression]] [[Category:Book:Intellectual Property and the Internet|Chilling effect]] smnl6f0eb610es25it6d47aijg20eaw 102 404420 4633572 4631888 2026-05-02T23:27:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flesh out 4633572 wikitext text/x-wiki __notoc__ {{Ingredient summary | Image = [[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|300px]] | Category = Vegetables }} {{vegetable}} | [[Cookbook:Basic foodstuffs|basic foodstuffs]] '''Nettles''' are a group of wild greens found across the northern hemisphere, many of which are gathered for food.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=McGee |first=Harold |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/On_Food_and_Cooking/bKVCtH4AjwgC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen |date=2007-03-20 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4165-5637-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lyle |first=Katie Letcher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7ytjwEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: Finding, Identifying, and Cooking |date=2016-09-15 |publisher=Falcon Guides |isbn=978-1-4930-1864-2 |language=en}}</ref> == Characteristics == Growing in the wild, nettles have toothed green leaves and grow on stalks 1–2 feet high.<ref name=":0" /> Perhaps one of their most distinguishing characteristics is the presence of stinging hairs on the stems and leaves, which inject irritating compounds into the skin on contact.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> Multiple varieties of nettle are edible, including the common/stinging nettle and the wood nettle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bergo |first=Alan |date=2013-05-18 |title=Stinging Nettles |url=https://foragerchef.com/nettles/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Forager {{!}} Chef |language=en-US}}</ref> Both are slightly bitter,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Macy |first=Danita |date=2022-11-08 |title=Wild Edibles: Stinging Nettle |url=https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9373-wild-edibles-stinging-nettle |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Extension Communications |language=en}}</ref> and the latter has been described as having more rounded leaves and a more vegetal and floral character.<ref name=":2" /> == Seasonality == Peak season for nettles in the wild is in spring.<ref name=":0" /> Once the plants flower, the greens get tougher and less desirable.<ref name=":1" /> == Selection and storage == Nettles are often foraged, and they can be found in various habitats<ref name=":0" /> around the northern hemisphere. When selecting and harvesting, select young and tender plants and tops in early spring,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> and cut off shoots with scissors or knife.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Because of their stinging ability, raw nettles must be handled with sturdy gloves and full-coverage clothing to avoid contact with bare skin.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Like other leafy greens, nettles can be used fresh or kept for a brief period of time in the fridge. For longer-term storage, drying them or blanching/steaming and freezing them are two viable options.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Preparation == When working with the tender shoots, both the stems and leaves can be eaten, and there is no need to strip them.<ref name=":2" /> Hand protection must still be worn during handling and washing up until the sting neutralization step,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> for which there are a few options. Crushing and dehydrating destroy the stinging capacity, as do steaming or blanching until wilted.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Use == Like with other leafy greens, nettles can be used in a variety of preparations.<ref name=":2" /> They may be cooked into soups or stewed,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> made into pastas or turned into sauces such as pesto.<ref name=":1" /> Dried nettle can be brewed into tea,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> and the toasted seeds can be used for texture.<ref name=":2" /> == Substitution == As a leafy green vegetable, nettle can swap with others like spinach and kale,<ref name=":1" /> assuming the nettle is properly prepared to eliminate the sting. == Recipes == <categorytree mode="all" hideprefix="always">Recipes using nettle</categorytree> == References == iy6w1zdpscxsdxvta3w5rxzj3ddl8w2 0 406341 4633546 4632823 2026-05-02T19:50:24Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incomplete}} This Wikibook, as at 2021, is very largely the work of one author, however the scope of the work is such that it can never be completed by one person. It is hoped that others with an interest in the history of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia will also make a contribution to the book. Such contributions are most welcome and every assistance will be afforded. The following is intended as a guide to editors in further developing the Wikibook: Editing Cheatsheets * [[/Overview|Overview]] * [[/TOC|Table of Contents]] * [[/Infobox|Infobox]] * [[/References|References]] * [[/Tables|Tables]] * [[/Graphics|Graphics]] Editing Templates * Primary Articles ** [[/Biographies|Biographies]] ** [[/Coastal|Coastal Stations]] ** [[/Broadcast|Broadcasting Stations]] ** [[/Clubs|Radio Clubs and Societies]] ** [[b:History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Notes Link|Brief Link to Transcriptions and Notes]] - deprecated but some examples still relevant * Secondary Articles (subpages of primary articles) ** [[/Research|Research]] - based on 4BB - Robert John Beatson; other examples: Raymond Cottam Allsop ** [[/Notes|Transcriptions and Notes]] - 1820 to 2029 (but only copy from 1900 unless earlier years populated) ** [[/Notes2|Transcriptions and Notes2]] - 1900 to 1999 (partial extract from above) ** [[/Graphics|Photos, QSL cards and other graphics]] ** [[/Wikipedia|Incubator of Wikipedia Article]] Tools of the Carrion ** [[/Speedy_deletion|Speedy deletion]] ** [[/Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * [[w:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources]] * [[w:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources]] {{BookCat}} d032zrldtq7fnn3p2n3nu029lqeyap4 4633784 4633546 2026-05-03T05:42:08Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incomplete}} This Wikibook, as at 2021, is very largely the work of one author, however the scope of the work is such that it can never be completed by one person. It is hoped that others with an interest in the history of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia will also make a contribution to the book. Such contributions are most welcome and every assistance will be afforded. The following is intended as a guide to editors in further developing the Wikibook: Editing Cheatsheets * [[/Overview|Overview]] * [[/TOC|Table of Contents]] * [[/Infobox|Infobox]] * [[/References|References]] * [[/Tables|Tables]] * [[/Graphics|Graphics]] Editing Templates * Primary Articles ** [[/Biographies|Biographies]] ** [[/Coastal|Coastal Stations]] ** [[/Broadcast|Broadcasting Stations]] ** [[/Clubs|Radio Clubs and Societies]] ** [[b:History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Notes Link|Brief Link to Transcriptions and Notes]] - deprecated but some examples still relevant * Secondary Articles (subpages of primary articles) ** [[/Research|Research]] - based on 4BB - Robert John Beatson; other examples: Raymond Cottam Allsop ** [[/Notes|Transcriptions and Notes]] - 1820 to 2029 (but only copy from 1900 unless earlier years populated) ** [[/Notes2|Transcriptions and Notes2]] - 1900 to 1999 (partial extract from above) ** [[/Graphics|Photos, QSL cards and other graphics]] ** [[/Wikipedia|Incubator of Wikipedia Article]] Tools of the Carrion ** [[/Speedy_deletion|Speedy deletion]] ** [[/Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] ** [[/Not_a_text_repository|Not a text repository]] * [[w:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources]] * [[w:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources]] {{BookCat}} 6ubjnpxhvvcjyqgwyhhlyc049q3j67t 3 409845 4633590 4278956 2026-05-03T02:08:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Notifying author about page tagging 4633590 wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome, Soumya-8974! {| style="background:white; border:1px solid #abd5f5;; padding:0px; border-spacing:0px; color: #000000;" ! style="background:#d0e5f5; color: #000000;" | [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Getting started]] with Wikibooks |- | style="padding:5px;" | * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. Find out [[WB:WIW|what this means]]. * To sign your name (on discussion pages), use four tildes, like this: &#126;&#126;&#126;&#126; * Learn how to [[Using Wikibooks|use Wikibooks]] and learn more about the community. * [[WB:CCO|Explore]], [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]], and have fun! |} If you have any questions, you can ask in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]] or possibly contact me personally. == [[Wikibooks:Naming policy]] == Hello and thank you for your work. Every page of a wikibook (ex: ''[[NiwEnglisc]]'') should start with its name (and not another like ''[[Niw Englisc]]''). So currently their merge is not complete at all. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 09:23, 29 September 2019 (UTC) == bargiya ব == Hello, why did you remove the mention of বর্গীয় ব from the page [[Bengali/Script/Consonants 1]]? Any particular reasons? [[User:Babaisarkar2|Babaisarkar2]] ([[User talk:Babaisarkar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Babaisarkar2|contribs]]) 15:22, 15 April 2023 (UTC) ==[[:Bengali–Assamese script]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Sbb1413, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Bengali–Assamese script|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali–Assamese script]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 3 May 2026 (UTC)}} 49rluo4meykwxdjy2xlwvhxsyuy9ywv 108 418079 4633830 4088419 2026-05-03T11:48:19Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}} In computing, a '''code page''' is a character encoding and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable characters and control characters with unique numbers. Typically each number represents the binary value in a single byte. (In some contexts these terms are used more precisely; see w:Character encoding#Character sets, character maps and code pages.) The term "code page" originated from IBM's EBCDIC-based mainframe systems,<ref name="IBM_i_EBCDIC"/> but Microsoft, SAP,<ref name="SAP_CP"/> and Oracle Corporation<ref name="oracle.com"/> are among the few vendors which use this term. The majority of vendors identify their own character sets by a name. In the case when there is a plethora of character sets (like in IBM), identifying character sets through a number is a convenient way to distinguish them. Originally, the code page numbers referred to the ''page'' numbers in the IBM standard character set manual,<ref name="DEC_VT510"/><ref name="DEC_1994_Codepage"/><ref name="Paul_2001_CODEPAGE"/> a condition which has not held for a long time. Vendors that use a code page system allocate their own code page number to a character encoding, even if it is better known by another name; for example, UTF-8 has been assigned page numbers 1208 at IBM, 65001 at Microsoft, and 4110 at SAP. Hewlett-Packard uses a similar concept in its HP-UX operating system and its Printer Command Language<ref name="PCL"/> (PCL) protocol for printers (either for HP printers or not). The terminology, however, is different: What others call a ''character set'', HP calls a ''symbol set'', and what IBM or Microsoft call a ''code page'', HP calls a ''symbol set code''. HP developed a series of symbol sets,<ref name="PCL-Symbol"/><ref name="PCL5"/> each with an associated symbol set code, to encode both its own character sets and other vendors’ character sets. The multitude of character sets leads many vendors to recommend Unicode. == The code page numbering system == IBM introduced the concept of systematically assigning a small, but globally unique, 16 bit number to each character encoding that a computer system or collection of computer systems might encounter. The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest (first) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's extended ASCII encoding as used in its PC hardware. With the release of PC DOS version 3.3 (and the near identical MS-DOS 3.3) IBM introduced the code page numbering system to regular PC users, as the code page numbers (and the phrase "code page") were used in new commands to allow the character encoding used by all parts of the OS to be set in a systematic way.<ref name="Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia"/> After IBM and Microsoft ceased to cooperate in the 1990s, the two companies have maintained the list of assigned code page numbers independently from each other, resulting in some conflicting assignments. At least one third-party vendor (Oracle) also has its own different list of numeric assignments.<ref name="oracle.com"/> IBM's current assignments are listed in their CCSID repository, while Microsoft's assignments are documented within the MSDN.<ref name="Microsoft_Codepage-ID"/> Additionally, a list of the names and approximate IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) abbreviations for the installed code pages on any given Windows machine can be found in the Registry on that machine (this information is used by Microsoft programs such as Internet Explorer). Most well-known code pages, excluding those for the CJK languages and Vietnamese,<!-- not using CJKV here because this applies to the modern romanised Vietnamese --> fit all their code-points into eight bits and do not involve anything more than mapping each code-point to a single character; furthermore, techniques such as combining characters, complex scripts, etc., are not involved. The text mode of standard (VGA-compatible) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to eight may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.<ref name="VGA-Programming"/> There was a selection of third-party code page fonts that could be loaded into such hardware. However, it is now commonplace for operating system vendors to provide their own character encoding and rendering systems that run in a graphics mode and bypass this hardware limitation entirely. However the system of referring to character encodings by a code page number remains applicable, as an efficient alternative to string identifiers such as those specified by the IETF and IANA for use in various protocols such as e-mail and web pages. === Relationship to ASCII === The majority of code pages in current use are supersets of ASCII, a 7-bit code representing 128 control codes and printable characters. In the distant past, 8-bit implementations of the ASCII code set the top bit to zero or used it as a parity bit in network data transmissions. When the top bit was made available for representing character data, a total of 256 characters and control codes could be represented. Most vendors (including IBM) used this extended range to encode characters used by various languages and graphical elements that allowed the imitation of primitive graphics on text-only output devices. No formal standard existed for these "extended ASCII character sets" and vendors referred to the variants as code pages, as IBM had always done for variants of EBCDIC encodings. === Relationship to Unicode === Unicode is an effort to include all characters from all currently and historically used human languages into single character enumeration (effectively one large single code page), removing the need to distinguish between different code pages when handling digitally stored text. Unicode tries to retain backwards compatibility with many legacy code pages, copying some code pages 1:1 in the design process. An explicit design goal of Unicode was to allow round-trip conversion between all common legacy code pages, although this goal has not always been achieved. Some vendors, namely IBM and Microsoft, have anachronistically assigned code page numbers to Unicode encodings. This convention allows code page numbers to be used as metadata to identify the correct decoding algorithm when encountering binary stored data. ==IBM code pages== === EBCDIC-based code pages === These code pages are used by IBM in its EBCDIC character sets for mainframe computers. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1 – USA WP, Original * 2 – USA * 3 – USA Accounting, Version A * 4 – USA * 5 – USA * 6 – Latin America * 7 – Germany F.R. / Austria * 8 – Germany F.R. * 9 – France, Belgium * 10 – Canada (English) * 11 – Canada (French) * 12 – Italy * 13 – Netherlands * 14 – * 15 – Switzerland (French) * 16 – Switzerland (French / German) * 17 – Switzerland (German) * 18 – Sweden / Finland * 19 – Sweden / Finland WP, version 2 * 20 – Denmark/Norway * 21 – Brazil * 22 – Portugal * 23 – United Kingdom * 24 – United Kingdom * 25 – Japan (Latin) * 26 – Japan (Latin) * 27 – Greece (Latin) * 28 –<!-- Greece (Latin)??? --> * 29 – Iceland * 30 – Turkey * 31 – South Africa * 32 – Czechoslovakia (Czech / Slovak) * 33 – Czechoslovakia * 34 – Czechoslovakia * 35 – Romania * 36 – Romania * 37 – USA/Canada - CECP (same with euro: 1140|1140) * 37-2 – The real 3279 APL codepage, as used by C/370. This is very close to 1047, except for caret and not-sign inverted. It is not officially recognized by IBM, even though SHARE has pointed out its existence.<ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 38 – USA ASCII * 39 – United Kingdom / Israel * 40 – United Kingdom * 251 – China * 252 – Poland * 254 – Hungary * 256 – International #1 (superseded by 500|500) * 257 – International #2 * 258 – International #3 * 259 – Symbols, Set 7 * 260 – Canadian French - 116 * 264 – Print Train & Text processing extended * 273 – Germany F.R./Austria - CECP (same with euro: 1141|1141) * 274 – Old Belgium Code Page * 275 – Brazil - CECP * 276 – Canada (French) - 94 * 277 – Denmark, Norway - CECP (same with euro: 1142|1142) * 278 – Finland, Sweden - CECP (same with euro: 1143|1143) * 279 – French - 94<ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 280 – Italy - CECP (same with euro: 1144|1144) * 281 – Japan (Latin) - CECP * 282 – Portugal - CECP * 283 – Spain - 190<ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 284 – Spain/Latin America - CECP (same with euro: 1145|1145) * 285 – United Kingdom - CECP (same with euro: 1146|1146) * 286 – Austria / Germany F.R. Alternate * 287 – Denmark / Norway Alternate * 288 – Finland / Sweden Alternate * 289 – Spain Alternate * 290 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended * 293 – APL * 297 – France (same with euro: 1147)<ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 298 – Japan (Katakana) * 300 – Japan (Kanji) DBCS (For JIS X 0213) * 310 – Graphic Escape APL/TN * 320 – Hungary * 321 – Yugoslavia * 322 – Turkey * 330 – International #4 * 351 – GDDM default * 352 – Printing and publishing option * 353 – BCDIC-A * 355 – PTTC/BCD standard option * 357 – PTTC/BCD H option * 358 – PTTC/BCD Correspondence option * 359 – PTTC/BCD Monocase option * 360 – PTTC/BCD Duocase option * 361 – EBCDIC Publishing International * 363 – Symbols, set 8 * 382 – EBCDIC Publishing Austria, Germany F.R. Alternate * 383 – EBCDIC Publishing Belgium * 384 – EBCDIC Publishing Brazil * 385 – EBCDIC Publishing Canada (French) * 386 – EBCDIC Publishing Denmark, Norway * 387 – EBCDIC Publishing Finland, Sweden * 388 – EBCDIC Publishing France * 389 – EBCDIC Publishing Italy * 390 – EBCDIC Publishing Japan (Latin) * 391 – EBCDIC Publishing Portugal * 392 – EBCDIC Publishing Spain, Philippines * 393 – EBCDIC Publishing Latin America (Spanish Speaking) * 394 – EBCDIC Publishing China (Hong Kong), UK, Ireland * 395 – EBCDIC Publishing Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada (English) * 410 – Cyrillic (revisions: 880, 1025, 1154) * 420 – Arabic * 421 – Maghreb/French * 423 – Greek (superseded by 875) * 424 – Hebrew (Bulletin Code) * 425 – Arabic / Latin for OS/390 Open Edition * 435 – Teletext Isomorphic * 500 – International #5 (ECECP; supersedes 256) (same with euro: 1148) * 803 – Hebrew Character Set A (Old Code) * 829 – Host Math Symbols- Publishing * 833 – Korean Extended (SBCS) * 834 – Korean Hangul (KSC5601; DBCS with UDCs) * 835 – Traditional Chinese DBCS * 836 – Simplified Chinese Extended * 837 – Simplified Chinese DBCS * 838 – Thai with Low Marks & Accented Characters (same with euro: 1160) * 839 – Thai DBCS * 870 – Latin 2 (same with euro: 1153) (revision: 1110) * 871 – Iceland (same with euro: 1149)<ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 875 – Greek (supersedes 423) * 880 – Cyrillic (revision of 410) (revisions: 1025, 1154) * 881 – United States - 5080 Graphics System * 882 – United Kingdom - 5080 Graphics System * 883 – Sweden - 5080 Graphics System * 884 – Germany - 5080 Graphics System * 885 – France - 5080 Graphics System * 886 – Italy - 5080 Graphics System * 887 – Japan - 5080 Graphics System * 888 – France AZERTY - 5080 Graphics System * 889 – Thailand * 890 – Yugoslavia * 892 – EBCDIC, OCR A * 893 – EBCDIC, OCR B * 905 – Latin 3 * 918 – Urdu Bilingual * 924 – Latin 9 * 930 – Japan MIX (290 + 300) (same with euro: 1390) * 931 – Japan MIX (37 + 300) * 933 – Korea MIX (833 + 834) (same with euro: 1364) * 935 – Simplified Chinese MIX (836 + 837) (same with euro: 1388) * 937 – Traditional Chinese MIX (37 + 835) (same with euro: 1371) * 939 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300) (same with euro: 1399) * 1001 – MICR * 1002 – EBCDIC DCF Release 2 Compatibility * 1003 – EBCDIC DCF, US Text subset * 1005 – EBCDIC Isomorphic Text Communication * 1007 – EBCDIC Arabic (XCOM2) * 1024 – EBCDIC T.61 * 1025 – Cyrillic, Multilingual (same with euro: 1154) (Revision of 880) * 1026 – EBCDIC Turkey (Latin 5) (same with euro: 1155) (supersedes 905 in that country) * 1027 – Japanese (Latin) Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended) * 1028 – EBCDIC Publishing Hebrew * 1030 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended * 1031 – Japanese (Latin) Extended * 1032 – MICR, E13-B Combined * 1033 – MICR, CMC-7 Combined * 1037 – Korea - 5080/6090 Graphics System * 1039 – GML Compatibility * 1047 – Latin 1/Open Systems<!-- C/370 variant of codepage 37, which takes into account the encoding of brackets that was inherited from the 3270 display system --><ref name="IBM_2010"/> * 1068 – DCF Compatibility * 1069 – Latin 4 * 1070 – USA / Canada Version 0 ([[Code page 37 Version 0) * 1071 – Germany F.R. / Austria * 1073 – Brazil * 1074 – Denmark, Norway * 1075 – Finland, Sweden * 1076 – Italy * 1077 – Japan (Latin) * 1078 – Portugal * 1079 – Spain / Latin America Version 0 ([[Code page 284 Version 0) * 1080 – United Kingdom * 1081 – France Version 0 ([[Code page 297 Version 0) * 1082 – Israel (Hebrew) * 1083 – Israel (Hebrew) * 1084 – International #5 Version 0 ([[Code page 500 Version 0) * 1085 – Iceland * 1087 – Symbol Set * 1091 – Modified Symbols, Set 7 * {{anchor|CP1093}} 1093 – IBM Logo<ref>{{cite web|title=Code Page CPGID 01093 (pdf)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031831/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-08|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf}}</ref> * 1097 – Farsi Bilingual * 1110 – Latin 2 (Revision of 870) * 1112 – Baltic Multilingual (same with euro: 1156) * 1113 – Latin 6 * 1122 – Estonia (same with euro: 1157) * 1123 – Cyrillic, Ukraine (same with euro: 1158) * 1130 – Vietnamese (same with euro: 1164) * 1132 – Lao EBCDIC * 1136 – Hitachi Katakana * 1137 – Devanagari EBCDIC * 1140 – USA, Canada, etc. ECECP (same without euro: 37) (Traditional Chinese version: 1159) * 1141 – Austria, Germany ECECP (same without euro: 273) * 1142 – Denmark, Norway ECECP (same without euro: 277) * 1143 – Finland, Sweden ECECP (same without euro: 278) * 1144 – Italy ECECP (same without euro: 280) * 1145 – Spain, Latin America (Spanish) ECECP (same without euro: 284) * 1146 – UK ECECP (same without euro: 285) * 1147 – France ECECP with euro (same without euro: 297) * 1148 – International ECECP with euro (same without euro: 500) * 1149 – Icelandic ECECP with euro (same without euro: 871) * 1150 – Korean Extended with box characters * 1151 – Simplified Chinese Extended with box characters * 1152 – Traditional Chinese Extended with box characters * 1153 – Latin 2 Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 870) * 1154 – Cyrillic, Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 1025; an older version is * 1166) * 1155 – Turkey with euro (same without euro: 1026) * 1156 – Baltic Multi with euro (same without euro: 1112) * 1157 – Estonia with euro (same without euro: 1122) * 1158 – Cyrillic, Ukraine with euro (same without euro: 1123) * 1159 – T-Chinese EBCDIC (Traditional Chinese euro update of * 1140) * 1160 – Thai with Low Marks & Accented Characters with euro (same without euro: 838) * 1164 – Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1130) * 1165 – Latin 2/Open Systems * 1166 – Cyrillic Kazakh * 1278 – EBCDIC Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding * 1279 – Hitachi Japanese Katakana Host<ref name="Paul_2001_CODEPAGE"/> * 1303 – EBCDIC Bar Code * 1364 – Korea MIX (833 + 834 + euro) (same without euro: 933) * 1371 – Traditional Chinese MIX (1159 + 835) (same without euro: 937) * 1376 – Traditional Chinese DBCS Host extension for HKSCS * 1377 – Mixed Host HKSCS Growing (37 + 1376) * 1388 – Simplified Chinese MIX (same without euro: 935) (836 + 837 + euro) * 1390 – Simplified Chinese MIX Japan MIX (same without euro: 930) (290 + 300 + euro) * 1399 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300 + euro) (same without euro: 939) {{div col end}} === DOS code pages === These code pages are used by IBM in its PC DOS operating system. These code pages were originally embedded directly in the text mode hardware of the graphic adapters used with the IBM PC and its clones, including the original MDA and CGA adapters whose character sets could only be changed by physically replacing a ROM chip that contained the font. The interface of those adapters (emulated by all later adapters such as VGA) was typically limited to single byte character sets with only 256 characters in each font/encoding (although VGA added partial support for slightly larger character sets). {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 301 – IBM-PC Japan (Kanji) DBCS * 437 – Original IBM PC hardware code page * 720 – Arabic (Transparent ASMO) * 737 – Greek * 775 – Latin-7 * 808 – Russian with euro (same without euro: 866) * 848 – Ukrainian with euro (same without euro: 1125) * 849 – Belorussian with euro (same without euro: 1131) * 850 – Latin-1 * 851 – Greek * 852 – Latin-2 * 853 – Latin-3 * 855 – Cyrillic (same with euro: 872) * 856 – Hebrew * 857 – Latin-5 * 858 – Latin-1 with euro symbol * 859 – Latin-9 * 860 – Portuguese * 861 – Icelandic * 862 – Hebrew * 863 – Canadian French * 864 – Arabic * 865 – Danish/Norwegian * 866 – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian (same with euro: 808) * 867 – Hebrew + euro (based on CP862) (conflictive ID: NEC Czech (Kamenický), which was created before this codepage) * 868 – Urdu * 869 – Greek * 872 – Cyrillic with euro (same without euro: 855) * 874 – Thai with Low Tone Marks & Ancient Chars (conflictive ID with Windows 874; version with euro: 1161 Windows version: is IBM 1162)<!-- Attention! Neither IBM 874 nor Windows 874 are rigorously the same as ISO 8859-11 / TIS 620-2533 ISO 8859-11 is probably IBM 873--> * 876 – OCR A * 877 – OCR B * 878 – KOI8-R * 891 – Korean PC SBCS * 898 – IBM-PC WP Multilingual * 899 – IBM-PC Symbol * 903 – Simplified Chinese PC SBCS * 904 – Traditional Chinese PC SBCS * 906 – International Set #5 3812/3820 * 907 – ASCII APL (3812) * 909 – IBM-PC APL2 Extended * 910 – IBM-PC APL2 * 911 – IBM-PC Japan #1 * 926 – Korean PC DBCS * 927 – Traditional Chinese PC DBCS * 928 – Simplified Chinese PC DBCS * 929 – Thai PC DBCS * 932 – IBM-PC Japan MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) (897 + 301) (conflictive ID with Windows 932; Windows version is IBM 943) * 934 – IBM-PC Korea MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) (891 + 926) * 936 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (gb2312) (DOS/V) (DBCS) (903 + 928) (conflictive ID with Windows 936; Windows version is IBM 1386) * 938 – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese MIX (DOS/V, OS/2) (904 + 927) * 942 – IBM-PC Japan MIX (Japanese SAA (OS/2)) (1041 + 301) * 943 – IBM-PC Japan OPEN (897 + 941) (Windows CP 932) * 944 – IBM-PC Korea MIX (Korean SAA (OS/2)) (1040 + 926) * 946 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (Simplified Chinese SAA (OS/2)) (1042 + 928) * 948 – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese SAA (OS/2)) (1043 + 927) * 949 – Korean (Extended Wansung (ks_c_5601-1987)) (1088 + 951) (conflictive ID with Windows 949 (Unified Hangul Code); Windows version is IBM 1363) * 951 – Korean DBCS (IBM KS Code) (conflictive ID with Windows 951, a hack of Windows 950 with Unicode mappings for some PUA Unicode characters found in HKSCS, based on the file name) * 1034 – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #2 * 1040 – Korean Extended * 1041 – Japanese Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended) * 1042 – Simplified Chinese Extended * 1043 – Traditional Chinese Extended * 1044 – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #1 * 1046 – Arabic Extended (Euro) * 1086 – IBM-PC Japan #1 * 1088 – Revised Korean (SBCS) * 1092 – IBM-PC Modified Symbols * 1098 – Farsi * 1108 – DITROFF Base Compatibility * 1109 – DITROFF Specials Compatibility * 1115 – IBM-PC People's Republic of China * 1116 – Estonian * 1117 – Latvian * 1118 – Lithuanian (IBM's implementation of Lika's code page 774) * 1119 – Lithuanian and Russian (IBM's implementation of Lika's code page 772) * 1125 – Cyrillic, Ukrainian (same with euro: 848) (IBM modifocation of RUSCII) * 1127 – IBM-PC Arabic / French * 1131 – IBM-PC Data, Cyrillic, Belarusian (same with euro: 849) * 1139 – Japan Alphanumeric Katakana * 1161 – Thai with Low Tone Marks & Ancient Chars with euro (same without euro: 874) * 1167 – KOI8-RU * 1168 – KOI8-U * 1300 – ANSI [PTS-DOS 6.70, not 6.51] * 1370 – Traditional Chinese MIX (Big5 encoding) (1114 + 947 + euro) (same without euro: 950) * 1380 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GB PC-DATA (DBCS PC IBM GB 2312-80) * 1381 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (1115 + 1380) * 1393 – Japanese JIS X 0213 DBCS * 1394 – IBM-PC Japan (JIS X 0213) (897 + 1393) {{div col end}} When dealing with older hardware, protocols and file formats, it is often necessary to support these code pages, but newer encoding systems, in particular Unicode, are encouraged for new designs. DOS code pages are typically stored in .CPI files.<ref name="Paul_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Elliott_2006_CPI"/><ref name="AEB_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Haralambous_2007_CPI"/><ref name="MS_1991_PR"/> === IBM AIX code pages === These code pages are used by IBM in its AIX operating system. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO, such as UNIX-like operating systems. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 367 – 7-bit US-ASCII * 371 – 7-bit US-ASCII APL * 806 – ISCII * 813 – ISO 8859-7 * 819 – ISO 8859-1 * 895 – 7-bit Japan Latin * 896 – 7-bit Japan Katakana Extended * 901 – Extension of ISO 8859-13 with euro (same without euro: 921) * 902 – ISO Estonian with euro (same without euro: 922) * 912 – Extension of ISO 8859-2 * 913 – ISO 8859-3 * 914 – ISO 8859-4 * 915 – Extension of ISO 8859-5 * 916 – ISO 8859-8 * 919 – ISO 8859-10 * 920 – ISO 8859-9 * 921 – Extension of ISO 8859-13 (same with euro: 901) * 922 – ISO Estonian (same with euro: 902) * 923 – ISO 8859-15 * 952 – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0208 * 953 – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0212 * 954 – EUC Japanese (895 + 952 + 896 + 953) * 955 – TCP Japanese, JIS X 0208-1978 * 956 – TCP Japanese (895 + 952 + 896 + 953) * 957 – TCP Japanese (895 + 955 + 896 + 953) * 958 – TCP Japanese (367 + 952 + 896 + 953) * 959 – TCP Japanese (367 + 955 + 896 + 953) * 960 – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Primary Set (1st plane) * 961 – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Full Set + IBM Select + UDC * 963 – Traditional Chinese TCP, CNS 11643 plane 2 only * 964 – EUC Traditional Chinese (367 + 960 + 961) * 965 – TCP Traditional Chinese (367 + 960 + 963) * 970 – EUC Korean (367 + 971) * 971 – EUC Korean DBCS (G1, KSC 5601 1989 (including 188 UDC)) * 1006 – ISO 8-bit Urdu * 1008 – ISO 8-bit Arabic * 1009 – 7-bit ISO IRV * 1010 – 7-bit France * 1011 – 7-bit Germany F.R. * 1012 – 7-bit Italy * 1013 – 7-bit United Kingdom * 1014 – 7-bit Spain * 1015 – 7-bit Portugal * 1016 – 7-bit Norway * 1017 – 7-bit Denmark * 1018 – 7-bit Finland/Sweden * 1019 – 7-bit Netherlands * 1029 – Arabic Extended * 1036 – CCITT T.61 * 1089 – ISO 8859-6 * 1111 – ISO 8859-2 * 1124 – ISO Ukrainian, similar to ISO 8859-5 * 1129 – ISO Vietnamese (same with euro: 1163) * 1133 – ISO Lao * 1163 – ISO Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1129) * 1350 – EUC Japanese (JISeucJP) (367 + 952 + 896 + 953) * 1382 – EUC Simplified Chinese (DBCS PC GB 2312-80) * 1383 – EUC Simplified Chinese (367 + 1382) {{div col end}} Code page 819 is identical to Latin-1, ISO/IEC 8859-1, and with slightly-modified commands, permits MS-DOS machines to use that encoding. It was used with IBM AS/400 minicomputers. === IBM OS/2 code pages === These code pages are used by IBM in its OS/2 operating system. * 1004 – Latin-1 Extended, Desk Top Publishing/Windows<ref name="IBM_CP1004"/> === Windows emulation code pages === These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Microsoft Windows character sets. Most of these code pages have the same number as Microsoft code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. Some code pages, though, are new from IBM, not devised by Microsoft. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 897 – IBM-PC SBCS Japanese (JIS X 0201-1976) * 941 – IBM-PC Japanese DBCS for Open environment * 947 – IBM-PC DBCS for (Big5 encoding) * 950 – Traditional Chinese MIX (Big5 encoding) (1114 + 947) (same with euro: 1370) * 1114 – IBM-PC SBCS (Simplified Chinese; GBK; Traditional Chinese; Big5 encoding) * 1126 – IBM-PC Korean SBCS * 1162 – Windows Thai (Extension of 874; but still called that in Windows) * 1169 – Windows Cyrillic Asian * 1174 – Windows Kazakh<ref name="Kazakh_1174"/><!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --> * 1250 – Windows Central Europe * 1251 – Windows Cyrillic * 1252 – Windows Western * 1253 – Windows Greek * 1254 – Windows Turkish * 1255 – Windows Hebrew * 1256 – Windows Arabic * 1257 – Windows Baltic * 1258 – Windows Vietnamese * 1361 – Korean (JOHAB) * 1362 – Korean Hangul DBCS * 1363 – Windows Korean (1126 + 1362) (Windows CP 949) * 1372 – IBM-PC MS T Chinese Big5 encoding (Special for DB2) * 1373 – Windows Traditional Chinese (extension of 950) * 1374 – IBM-PC DB Big5 encoding extension for HKSCS * 1375 – Mixed Big5 encoding extension for HKSCS (intended to match 950) * 1385 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese DBCS (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.) * 1386 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GBK (1114 + 1385) (Windows CP 936) * 1391 – Simplified Chinese 4 Byte (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.) * 1392 – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (1252 + 1385 + 1391) {{div col end}} === Macintosh emulation code pages === These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Apple Macintosh character sets. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1275 – Apple Roman * 1280 – Apple Greek * 1281 – Apple Turkish * 1282 – Apple Central European * 1283 – Apple Cyrillic * 1284 – Apple Croatian * 1285 – Apple Romanian * 1286 – Apple Icelandic {{div col end}} === Adobe emulation code pages === These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Adobe character sets. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1038 – Adobe Symbol Encoding * 1276 – Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding * 1277 – Adobe (PostScript) Latin 1 {{div col end}} === HP emulation code pages === These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the HP character sets. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1050 – HP Roman Extension * 1051 – HP Roman-8 * 1052 – HP Gothic Legal * 1053 – HP Gothic-1 (almost the same as ISO 8859-1) * 1054 – HP ASCII * 1055 – HP PC-Line * 1056 – HP Line Draw * 1057 – HP PC-8 (almost the same as code page 437) * 1058 – HP PC-8DN ('''not''' the same as code page 865) * 1351 – Japanese DBCS HP character set * 5039 – Japanese MIX (1041 + 1351) {{div col end}} === DEC emulation code pages === These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the DEC character sets. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1020 – 7-bit Canadian (French) NRC Set * 1021 – 7-bit Switzerland NRC Set * 1023 – 7-bit Spanish NRC Set * 1090 – Special Characters and Line Drawing Set * 1100 – DEC Multinational * 1101 – 7-bit British NRC Set * 1102 – 7-bit Dutch NRC Set * 1103 – 7-bit Finnish NRC Set * 1104 – 7-bit French NRC Set * 1105 – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Set * 1106 – 7-bit Swedish NRC Set * 1107 – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Alternate * 1287 – DEC Greek * 1288 – DEC Turkish {{div col end}} === IBM Unicode code pages === {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1200 – UTF-16BE Unicode (big-endian) with IBM Private Use Area (PUA)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids">{{cite web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|title=IBM Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID)|website=IBM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030417/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|archive-date=2009-11-26}}</ref> * 1201 – UTF-16BE Unicode (big-endian)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1202 – UTF-16LE Unicode (little-endian) with IBM PUA<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1203 – UTF-16LE Unicode (little-endian)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1208 – UTF-8 Unicode with IBM PUA<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1209 – UTF-8 Unicode<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1400 – ISO 10646 UCS-BMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1401 – ISO 10646 UCS-SMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1402 – ISO 10646 UCS-SIP (Based on Unicode 6.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1414 – ISO 10646 UCS-SSP (Based on Unicode 4.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1445 – IBM AFP PUA No. 1 * 1446 – ISO 10646 UCS-PUP15 (Based on Unicode 4.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1447 – ISO 10646 UCS-PUP16 (Based on Unicode 4.0)<ref name="ism-registered-ccsids"/> * 1448 – UCS-BMP (Generic UDC) * 1449 – IBM default PUA {{div col end}} == Microsoft code pages == {{main|Windows code page}} === Windows code pages === These code pages are used by Microsoft in its own Windows operating system. Microsoft defined a number of code pages known as the ANSI code pages (as the first one, 1252 was based on an apocryphal ANSI draft of what became ISO 8859-1). Code page 1252 is built on ISO 8859-1 but uses the range 0x80-0x9F for extra printable characters rather than the C1 control codes used in ISO-8859-1. Some of the others are based in part on other parts of ISO 8859 but often rearranged to make them closer to 1252. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 874 – Windows Thai * 1250 – Windows Central Europe * 1251 – Windows Cyrillic * 1252 – Windows Western * 1253 – Windows Greek * 1254 – Windows Turkish * 1255 – Windows Hebrew * 1256 – Windows Arabic * 1257 – Windows Baltic * 1258 – Windows Vietnamese {{div col end}} Microsoft recommends new applications use UTF-8 or UCS-2/UTF-16 instead of these code pages.<ref name="Microsoft_Codepages"/> === DBCS code pages === These code pages represent DBCS character encodings for various CJK languages. In Microsoft operating systems, these are used as both the "OEM" and "Windows" code page for the applicable locale. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 932 – Supports Japanese Shift-JIS * 936 – Supports Simplified Chinese GBK * 949 – Supports Korean Unified Hangul Code * 950 – Supports Traditional Chinese Big5 {{div col end}} === MS-DOS code pages === These code pages are used by Microsoft in its MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the original equipment manufacturers who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standards organization. Most of these code pages have the same number as the equivalent IBM code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. There are minimum differences<ref name="IBM"/> in some code pages from IBM and Microsoft. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 708 – Arabic (ASMO 708) * 709 – Arabic (ASMO 449+/BCON V4)<!-- not sure if available in any DOS --> * 710 – Arabic (Transparent Arabic)<!-- not sure if available in any DOS --> * 720 – Arabic (Transparent ASMO) * 737 – Greek * 850 – Latin-1 * 851 – Greek * 852 – Latin-2 * 855 – Cyrillic * 857 – Latin-5 * 858 – Latin-1 with euro symbol * 859 – Latin-9 * 860 – Portuguese * 861 – Icelandic * 862 – Hebrew * 863 – Canadian French * 864 – Arabic * 865 – Danish/Norwegian * 866 – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian * 869 – Greek {{div col end}} === Macintosh emulation code pages === These code pages are used by Microsoft when emulating the Apple Macintosh character sets. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 10000 - Apple Macintosh Roman * 10001 - Apple Japanese * 10002 - Apple Traditional Chinese (Big5) * 10003 - Apple Korean * 10004 - Apple Arabic * 10005 - Apple Hebrew * 10006 - Apple Greek * 10007 - Apple Macintosh Cyrillic * 10008 - Apple Simplified Chinese (GB 2312) * 10010 - Apple Romanian * 10017 - Apple Ukrainian * 10021 - Apple Thai * 10029 - Apple Macintosh Central Europe * 10079 - Apple Icelandic * 10081 - Apple Turkish * 10082 - Apple Croatian {{div col end}} === Various other Microsoft code pages === The following code page numbers are specific to Microsoft Windows. IBM may use different numbers for these code pages. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO,{{huh|date=July 2020}} such as UNIX-like operating systems. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 20000 – Traditional Chinese CNS * 20001 – Traditional Chinese TCA * 20002 – Traditional Chinese ETEN * 20003 – Traditional Chinese IBM5500 * 20004 – Traditional Chinese TeleText * 20005 – Traditional Chinese Wang * 20105 – 7-bit IA5 IRV<ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx"/><ref name="WG_CP201xx"/><ref name="WU_CP20105"/><!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5 --> * 20106 – 7-bit IA5 German (DIN 66003)<ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx"/><ref name="WG_CP201xx"/><ref name="WU_CP20106"/><!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-German --> * 20107 – 7-bit IA5 Swedish (SEN 850200 C)<ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx"/><ref name="WG_CP201xx"/><ref name="WU_CP20107"/><!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Swedish --> * 20108 - 7-bit IA5 Norwegian (NS 4551-2)<ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx"/><ref name="WG_CP201xx"/><ref name="WU_CP20108"/><!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Norwegian --> * 20127 – 7-bit US-ASCII<ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx"/><ref name="WG_CP201xx"/><ref name="WU_CP20127"/><!-- Windows 7 Ultimate --> * 20261 – CCITT T.61 * 20269 – ISO 6937 * 20273 * 20277 * 20278 * 20284 * 20285 * 20290 * 20297 * 20420 * 20423 * 20424 * 20833 * 20838 * 20866 – KOI8-R * 20871 * 20880 * 20905 * 20924 * 20932<!-- IBM Code Page 1350? --> * 20936<!-- IBM Code Page 1381? --> * 20949<!-- IBM Code Page 949? --> * 21025 * 21027 * 21866 – KOI8-U * 28591 – ISO-8859-1 * 28592 – ISO-8859-2 * 28593 – ISO-8859-3 * 28594 – ISO-8859-4 * 28595 – ISO-8859-5 * 28596 – ISO-8859-6 * 28597 – ISO-8859-7 * 28598 – ISO-8859-8 * 28599 – ISO-8859-9 * 28600 – ISO-8859-10 * 28601 – ISO-8859-11 * 28602 – not used (reserved for ISO-8859-12) * 28603 – ISO-8859-13 * 28604 – ISO-8859-14 * 28605 – ISO-8859-15 * 28606 – ISO-8859-16 * 38596 – ISO-8859-6<!-- similar to CP28596 --> * 38598 – ISO-8859-8<!-- similar to CP28598 --> {{div col end}} === Microsoft Unicode code pages === {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1200 – UTF-16LE Unicode (little-endian) * 1201 – UTF-16BE Unicode (big-endian) * 12000 – UTF-32LE Unicode (little-endian) * 12001 – UTF-32BE Unicode (big-endian) * 65000 – UTF-7 Unicode * 65001 – UTF-8 Unicode * 65520 – Empty Unicode Plane {{div col end}} == HP Symbol Sets == HP developed a series of Symbol Sets (each with its associated Symbol Set Code) to encode either its own character sets or other vendors’ character sets. They are normally 7-bit character sets which, when moved to the higher part and associated with the ASCII character set, make up 8-bit character sets. <!-- This list is not exhaustive --> === HP own Symbol Sets === {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Symbol Set 0E — HP Roman Extension — 7-bit character set with accented letters (coded by IBM as code page 1050) * Symbol Set 0G — HP 7-bit German * Symbol Set 0L — HP Line Draw (coded by IBM as code page 1056) * Symbol Set 0M — HP Math-7 * Symbol Set 0T — HP Thai-8 * Symbol Set 1S — HP 7-bit Spanish * Symbol Set 1U — HP 7-bit Gothic Legal (coded by IBM as code page 1052) * Symbol Set 4Q — 7-bit PC Line (coded by IBM as code page 1055) * Symbol Set 4U — HP Roman-9 — Roman-8 + € * Symbol Set 7J — HP Desktop * Symbol Set 7S — HP 7-bit European Spanish * Symbol Set 8E — HP East-8<!-- Check if my source (http://www.cestina.cz/kodovani/) is not mistaken and that this symbol set really exists --> * Symbol Set 8G — HP Greek-8 (based on IR 088; not on ELOT 927) * Symbol Set 8H — HP Hebrew-8 * Symbol Set 8I — MS LineDraw (ASCII + HP PC Line) * Symbol Set 8K — HP Kana-8 (ASCII + Japanese Katakana) * Symbol Set 8L — HP LineDraw (ASCII + HP Line Draw) * Symbol Set 8M — HP Math-8 (ASCII + HP Math-8) * Symbol Set 8R — HP Cyrillic-8<!-- (ASCII + GOST 13052? KOI-8?) --> * Symbol Set 8S — HP 7-bit Latin American Spanish * Symbol Set 8T — HP Turkish-8 * Symbol Set 8U — HP Roman-8 (ASCII + HP Roman Extension; coded by IBM as code page 1051) * Symbol Set 8V — HP Arabic-8<!-- Contradictory sources about "Arabic-8"; http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Printer-Software-and-Drivers/Arabic-fonts-on-Network-Printers/td-p/2231625 and http://printronix.com/emea/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_ACA_P8_258187a.pdf --> * Symbol Set 9K — HP Korean-8<!-- (ASCII + Jamo Code Table?) --> * Symbol Set 9T — PC 8T (also known as Code Page 437-T; this is '''not''' code page 857) * Symbol Set 9V — Latin / Arabic for Windows (this is '''not''' code page 1256) * Symbol Set 11U — PC 8D/N (also known as Code Page 437-N; coded by IBM as code page 1058; this is '''not''' code page 865) * Symbol set 14G — PC-8 Greek Alternate (also known as Code Page 437-G; almost the same as code page 737) * Symbol Set 18K —<!-- HP Korea-15? Korean; based on KS X 1001 --> * Symbol Set 18T —<!-- HP ROC-15? Traditional Chinese; based on Big5 --> * Symbol Set 19C —<!-- HP PRC-15? Simplified Chinese; based on GB 2312 --> * Symbol Set 19K —<!-- HP Japan-15? Japanese; based on Shift-JIS; coded by IBM as code page 5039 --> {{div col end}} === Symbol Sets from other vendors === {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Symbol Set 0D — ISO 60: 7-bit Norwegian * Symbol Set 0F — ISO 25: 7-bit French * Symbol Set 0H — HP 7-bit Hebrew — Practically the same as Israeli Standard SI 960 * Symbol Set 0I — ISO 15: 7-bit Italian * Symbol Set 0K — ISO 14: 7-bit Japanese Katakana * Symbol Set 0N — ISO 8859-1 Latin 1 (Initially called "Gothic-1"; coded by IBM as code page 1052) * Symbol Set 0R — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1986 version — IR 111) * Symbol Set 0S — ISO 11: 7-bit Swedish * Symbol Set 0U — ISO 6: 7-bit U.S. * Symbol Set 0V — Arabic<!-- 7-bit or 8-bit? ASMO 449? --> * Symbol Set 1D — ISO 61: 7-bit Norwegian * Symbol Set 1E — ISO 4: 7-bit U. K. * Symbol Set 1F — ISO 69: 7-bit French * Symbol Set 1G — ISO 21: 7-bit German * Symbol Set 1K — ISO 13: 7-bit Japanese Latin * Symbol Set 1T — Windows Thai (Practically the same as 874) * Symbol Set 2K — ISO 57: 7-bit Simplified Chinese Latin * Symbol Set 2N — ISO 8859-2 Latin 2 * Symbol Set 2S — ISO 17: 7-bit Spanish * Symbol Set 2U — ISO 2: 7-bit International Reverence Version * Symbol Set 3N — ISO 8859-3 Latin 3 * Symbol Set 3R — PC-866 Russia (Practically the same as code page 866) * Symbol Set 3S — ISO 10: 7-bit Swedish * Symbol Set 4N — ISO 8859-4 Latin 4 * Symbol Set 4S — ISO 16: 7-bit Portuguese * Symbol Set 5M — PS Math Symbol (Practically the same as Adobe Symbols) * Symbol Set 5N — ISO 8859-9 Latin 5 * Symbol Set 5S — ISO 84: 7-bit Portuguese * Symbol Set 5T — Windows 3.1 Latin-5 (Practically the same as code page 1254) * Symbol Set 6J — Microsoft Publishing * Symbol Set 6M — Ventura Math * Symbol Set 6N — ISO 8859-10 Latin 6 * Symbol Set 6S — ISO 85: 7-bit Spanish * Symbol Set 7H — ISO 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew * Symbol Set 9E — Windows 3.1 Latin 2 (Practically the same as code page 1250) * Symbol Set 9G — Windows 98 Greek (Practically the same as code page 1253) * Symbol Set 9J — PC 1004 * Symbol Set 9L — Ventura ITC Zapf Dingbats * Symbol Set 9N — ISO 8859-15 Latin 9 * Symbol Set 9R — Windows 98 Cyrillic (Practically the same as code page 1251) * Symbol Set 9U — Windows 3.0 * Symbol Set 10G — PC-851 Latin/Greek (Practically the same as code page 851) * Symbol Set 10J — PS Text (Practically the same as Adobe Standard) * Symbol Set 10L — PS ITC Zapf Dingbats (Practically the same as Adobe Dingbats) * Symbol Set 10N — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1988 version — IR 144) * Symbol Set 10R — PC-855 Cyrillic (Practically the same as code page 855) * Symbol Set 10T — Teletex<!-- (CCITT T.61?) --> * Symbol Set 10U — PC-8 (Practically the same as code page 437; coded by IBM as code page 1057) * Symbol Set 10V — CP-864 (Practically the same as code page 864) * Symbol Set 11G — CP-869 (Practically the same as code page 869) * Symbol Set 11J — PS ISO Latin-1 (Practically the same as Adobe Latin-1) * Symbol Set 11N — ISO 8859-6 Latin/Arabic * Symbol Set 12G — PC Latin/Greek (Practically the same as code page 737) * Symbol Set 12J — MC Text (Practically the same as Macintosh Roman) * Symbol Set 12N — ISO 8859-7 Latin/Greek * Symbol Set 12R — PC Gost (Practically the same as PC GOST Main) * Symbol Set 12U — PC-850 Latin 1 (Practically the same as code page 850) * Symbol Set 13J — Ventura International * Symbol Set 13R — PC Bulgarian (Practically the same as MIK) * Symbol Set 13U — PC-858 Latin 1 + € (Practically the same as code page 858) * Symbol Set 14J — Ventura U. S. * Symbol Set 14L — Windows Dingbats * Symbol Set 14P — ABICOMP International (Practically the same as ABICOMP) * Symbol Set 14R — PC Ukrainian (Practically the same as RUSCII) * Symbol Set 15H — PC-862 Israel (Practically the same as code page 862) * Symbol Set 16U — PC-857 Latin 5 (Practically the same as code page 857) * Symbol Set 17U — PC-852 Latin 2 (Practically the same as code page 852) * Symbol Set 18N — UTF-8 * Symbol Set 18U — PC-853 Latin 3 (Practically the same as code page 853) * Symbol Set 19L — Windows 98 Baltic (Practically the same as code page 1257) * Symbol Set 19M — Windows Symbol * Symbol Set 19U — Windows 3.1 Latin 1 (Practically the same as code page 1252) * Symbol Set 20U — PC-860 Portugal (Practically the same as code page 860) * Symbol Set 21U — PC-861 Iceland (Practically the same as code page 861) * Symbol Set 23U — PC-863 Canada - French (Practically the same as code page 863) * Symbol Set 24Q — PC-Polish Mazowia (Practically the same as Mazovia encoding) * Symbol Set 25U — PC-865 Denmark/Norway (Practically the same as code page 865) * Symbol Set 26U — PC-775 Latin 7 (Practically the same as code page 775) * Symbol Set 27Q — PC-8 PC Nova (Practically the same as PC Nova) * Symbol Set 27U — PC Latvian Russian (also known as 866-Latvian) * Symbol Set 28U — PC Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as code page 774) * Symbol Set 29U — PC-772 Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as code page 772) {{div col end}} == Code pages from other vendors == These code pages are independent assignments by third party vendors. Since the original IBM PC code page (number 437) was not really designed for international use, several partially compatible country or region specific variants emerged. These code pages number assignments are '''not official''' neither by IBM, neither by Microsoft and almost none of them is referred as a usable character set by IANA. The numbers assigned to these code pages are arbitrary and may clash to registered numbers in use by IBM or Microsoft. Some of them may predate codepage switching being added in DOS 3.3. {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * 100 – DOS Hebrew hardware fontpage (Not from IBM; HDOS)<ref name="Paul_2002"/> * 111 – DOS Greek (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) * 112 – DOS Turkish (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) * 113 – DOS Yugoslavian (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) * 151 – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)<!-- EPROM fontpage --> * 152 – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)<!-- EPROM fontpage --> * 161 – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)<ref name="Paul_2002"/> * 162 – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS) * 163 – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)<ref name="Paul_2002"/> * 164 – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS) * 165 – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)<ref name="Paul_2002"/> * 166 – IBM Arabic PC (ADOS)<!-- hardware fontpage --><ref name="Paul_2002"/> * 210 – DEC DOS Greek (NEC Jetmate printers) * 220 – DEC DOS Spanish (Not from IBM) * 489 – Czechoslovakian [OCR software 1993] * 620 – DOS Polish (Mazovia) (Not from IBM)<!-- Fido Mazowia? Variant with characters "Ć" and "ć" in positions 80 and 87? --> * 667 – DOS Polish (Mazovia) (Not from IBM)<!-- variant with the characters "¢", "„" and """ in positions 9B, 9D and A9? --> * 668 – DOS Polish<!--Different than Mazovia! --> (Not from IBM) * 707 – MS-DOS Arabic Sakhr (Not from IBM; Sakhr Software from MSX Computers)<!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakr, below. --> * 711 – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha Enhanced (Not from IBM) * 714 – MS-DOS Arabic Sakr (Not from IBM)<!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakhr, above. --> * 715 – MS-DOS Arabic APTEC (Not from IBM) * 721 – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha International (Not from IBM) * 768 – Arabic Al-Arabi (Not from IBM) * 770 – DOS Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian<ref name="CP770"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software;<ref name="lika"/> Lithuanian RST 1095-89 National Standard) * 771 – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic — KBL<ref name="CP771"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software<ref name="lika"/>) * 772 – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic<ref name="CP772"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software;<ref name="lika"/> Lithuanian LST 1284:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as code page 1119) * 773 – DOS Latin-7 — KBL (From Lithuanian Lika Software) * 774 – DOS Lithuanian<ref name="CP774"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software;<ref name="lika"/> Lithuanian LST 1283:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as code page 1118) * 775 – DOS Latin-7 Baltic Rim (From Lithuanian Lika Software;<ref name="lika"/> Lithuanian LST 1590-1 National Standard; adopted by IBM and Microsoft as code page 775) * 776 – DOS Lithuanian (extended CP770)<ref name="lithuanian-charsets"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software<ref name="lika"/>) * 777 – DOS Accented Lithuanian (old) (extended CP773) — KBL<ref name="lithuanian-charsets"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software<ref name="lika"/>) * 778 – DOS Accented Lithuanian (extended CP775)<ref name="lithuanian-charsets"/> (From Lithuanian Lika Software<ref name="lika"/>) * 790 – DOS Polish (Mazovia)<!-- Variant with the characters "¢", "„" and """ in positions 9B, 9D and A9? From Lithuanian Lika Software? --> * 854 – Spanish<ref name="Hogan_1992_REF-DE"/><ref name="Paul_2001_CODEPAGE"/><!-- Cites the Hogan book for CP854 as well since 1995. No other source found so far. --> * 881 – Latin 1 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) (conflictive ID with IBM EBCDIC 881) * 882 – Latin 2 (ISO 8859-2) (Not from IBM; same as Code page 912; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) (conflictive ID with IBM EBCDIC 882) * 883 – Latin 3 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) (conflictive ID with IBM EBCDIC 883) * 884 – Latin 4 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) (conflictive ID with IBM EBCDIC 884) * 885 – Latin 5 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0<ref name="RBIL"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP"/>) (conflictive ID with IBM EBCDIC 885) * 895 – Czech (Kamenický), (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP895 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Roman) * 896 – DOS Polish (Mazovia) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP896 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Katakana)<!-- Variant with the character "zł" in position 9B? --> * 900 – DOS Russian (Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI) * 928 – Greek (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as Greek National Standard ELOT 928 (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP928 — Simplified Chinese PC DBCS) * 966 – Saudi Arabian (Not from IBM) * 991 – DOS Polish (Mazovia) (Not from IBM)<!-- Variant with the character "zł" in position 9B? --> * 999 – DOS Serbo-Croatian I (Not from IBM); also known as PC Nova and CroSCII; lower part is JUSI.B1.002, upper part is code page 437; supports Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian (Latin script) * 1001 – Arabic (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP1001 — MICR) * 1261 – Windows Korean IBM-1261 LMBCS-17, similar to 1363<!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082724/https://fossies.org/dox/w32tex-src/ucnv__lmb_8c_source.html Isn't it, by any chance, a misprint of code page 1361 (Johab)? --> * 1270 – Windows Sámi * 2001 – Lithuanian KBL (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 771 * 3001 – Estonian 1 (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 1116 * 3002 – Estonian 2 (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 922 * 3011 – Latvian 1 (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 437-Latvian * 3012 – Latvian-2 (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 866-Latvian (Latvian RST 1040-90 National Standard) * 3021 – Bulgarian (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as MIK * 3031 – Hebrew (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as code page 862 * 3041 – Maltese (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as ISO 646 Maltese * 3840 – IBM-Russian (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); nearly the same as CP 866 * 3841 – Gost-Russian (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); GOST 13052 plus characters for Central Asian languages * 3843 – Polish (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as Mazovia * 3844 – CS2 (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as Kamenický * 3845 – Hungarian (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as CWI * 3846 – Turkish (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as PC-8 Turkish + old Turkish Lira sign (Tʟ) at code point A8 * 3847 – Brazil-ABNT (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as the Brazilian National Standard NBR-9614:1986<!-- I am still investigating if BraSCII is the same as ISO 8859-1 or not --> * 3848 – Brazil-ABICOMP (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); same as ABICOMP * 3850 – Standard KU (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai * 3860 – Rajvitee KU (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai * 3861 – Microwiz KU (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai * 3863 – STD988 TIS (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai * 3864 – Popular TIS (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai * 3865 – Newsic TIS (on Star<ref name="star"/> printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai * (number missing) – CWI-2 (for DOS) supports Hungarian * (number missing) – MIK (for DOS) supports Bulgarian * (number missing) – DOS Serbo-Croatian II; supports Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian (Latin script) * (number missing) — Russian Alternative code page (for DOS); this is the origin for IBM CP 866 {{div col end}} == {{anchor|0|999|57344|61439|65280|65533|65534|65535}}List of code page assignments == {{Expand_list|date=July 2014}} List of known code page assignments (incomplete): {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="float:center;" ! ID !! Names !! Description !! Origin !! Platform !! DOS !! OS/2 !! Windows !! Mac !! Else !! Encoding !! Comment |- | 0 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || || Internal OS use<ref name="Paul_2002"/> |- | 437 || CP437, IBM437 || PC US || IBM<ref name="CP437"/> || IBM PC || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || Yes || ? || Yes || 8-bit SBCS || |- | 57344&nbsp;- 61439 || N/A || Private use derivations || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page derivations (E000h-EFFFh) |- | 65280&nbsp;- 65533 || N/A || Private use definitions || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page definitions (FF00h-FFFDh) |- | 65534 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || ? || ? || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFEh) |- | 65535 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFFh)<ref name="Paul_2002"/> |} == Criticism == Many older character encodings (unlike Unicode) suffer from several problems. Some code page vendors insufficiently document the meaning of all code point values, which decreases the reliability of handling textual data through various computer systems consistently. Some vendors add proprietary extensions to some code pages to add or change certain code point values; for example, byte 0x5C in Shift JIS can represent either a back slash or a yen currency symbol depending on the platform. Finally, in order to support several languages in a program that does not use Unicode, the code page used for each string/document needs to be stored. Due to Unicode's extensive documentation, vast repertoire of characters and stability policy of characters, the problems listed above are rarely a concern for Unicode. Applications may also mislabel text in Windows-1252 as ISO-8859-1. Fortunately, the only difference between these code pages is that the code point values used by ISO-8859-1 for control characters are instead used as additional printable characters in Windows-1252. Since control characters have no function in HTML, web browsers tend to use Windows-1252 rather than ISO-8859-1. In HTML5, treating ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252 is even codified as standard. Later, UTF-8 has succeeded both encodings in terms of popularity on the Internet.<ref name="Statistics"/><ref name="Statistics_UTF-8"/> == {{anchor|Private use|User-definable}}Private code pages == When, early in the history of personal computers, users did not find their character encoding requirements met, private or local code pages were created using Terminate and Stay Resident utilities or by re-programming BIOS EPROMs. In some cases, unofficial code page numbers were invented (e.g. CP895). When more diverse character set support became available most of those code pages fell into disuse, with some exceptions such as the Kamenický or KEYBCS2 encoding for the Czech and Slovak alphabets. Another character set is Iran System encoding standard that was created by Iran System corporation for Persian language support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft code page 1256 this standard became obsolete. However some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist. In order to overcome such problems, the IBM Character Data Representation Architecture level 2 specifically reserves ranges of code page IDs for user-definable and private-use assignments. Whenever such code page IDs are used, the user must not assume that the same functionality and appearance can be reproduced in another system configuration or on another device or system unless the user takes care of this specifically. The code page range 57344-61439 ({{Mono|E000h}}-{{Mono|EFFFh}}) is officially reserved for user-definable code pages (or actually CCSIDs in the context of IBM CDRA), whereas the range 65280-65533 ({{Mono|FF00h}}-{{Mono|FFFDh}}) is reserved for any user-definable "private use" assignments. For example, a non-registered custom variant of code page 437 ({{Mono|1B5h}}) or 28591 ({{Mono|6FAF}}) could become 57781 ({{Mono|E1B5h}}) or 61359 ({{Mono|EFAFh}}), respectively, in order to avoid potential conflicts with other assignments and maintain the sometimes existing internal numerical logic in the assignments of the original code pages. An unregistered private code page not based on an existing code page, a device specific code page like a printer font, which just needs a logical handle to become addressable for the system, a frequently changing download font, or a code page number with a symbolic meaning in the local environment could have an assignment in the private range like 65280 ({{Mono|FF00h}}). The code page IDs 0, 65534 ({{Mono|FFFEh}}) and 65535 ({{Mono|FFFFh}}) are reserved for internal use by operating systems such as DOS and must not be assigned to any specific code pages. == See also == * Windows code page * Character encoding * CCSID IBM's official "code page" definitions and assignments * Codepage sniffing * Unicode ==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="PCL">[http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/pcl_symbolset.html Printer Command Language Symbol Sets]</ref> <ref name="PCL-Symbol">[http://pclhelp.com/pcl-symbol-sets/ HP Symbol Sets]</ref> <ref name="PCL5">[http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13206.pdf PCL5 Camparison Guide]</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_Codepage-ID">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Code |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft |website=microsoft.com}}</ref> <ref name="Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia"> {{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews <!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --> |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=Microsoft Press |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |id={{ISBN|978-1-55615-049-4}} |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] (xix+1570 pages; 26&nbsp;cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.)</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_CPI">{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip<!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older version of CPI.LST --> |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2006_CPI">{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> <ref name="AEB_2001_CPI">{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> <ref name="Haralambous_2007_CPI">{{cite book |title=Fonts & Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc. |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |id={{ISBN|0-596-10242-9}} |pages=601–602, 611}}</ref> <ref name="MS_1991_PR">{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=Microsoft Press |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}</ref> <ref name="IBM_i_EBCDIC">[http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/i/software/globalization/codepages.html IBM i Globalization - EBCDIC Code Pages]</ref> <ref name="SAP_CP">{{cite web |url=http://help.sap.com/abapdocu_70/en/ABENCODEPAGE_GLOSRY.htm |title=Code Page |work=sap.com}}</ref> <ref name="oracle.com">{{cite web |url=http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12032_01/doc/epm.921/html_esb_dbag/glossary.htm#1009960 |title=Glossary |work=oracle.com}}</ref> <ref name="DEC_VT510">{{cite web |title=VT510 Video Terminal Programmer Information |at=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |publisher=Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt510-rm/chapter7.html#S7.1 |access-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional DEC and ISO character sets, which conform to the structure and rules of ISO 2022, the VT510 supports a number of IBM PC code pages (page numbers in IBM's standard character set manual) in PCTerm mode to emulate the console terminal of industry-standard PCs.}}</ref> <ref name="DEC_1994_Codepage">{{cite book |title=VT520/VT525 Video Terminal Programmer Information |chapter=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |date=July 1994 |page=7-1 |id=EK-VT520-RM. A01 |publisher=Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) |url=http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215184432/http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional DEC and ISO character sets the VT520 supports a number of IBM PC code pages (which refer to page numbers in IBM's standard character set manual) in PCTerm mode to emulate the console terminal of industry-standard PCs.}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_CODEPAGE">{{cite web |title=Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages |type=CODEPAGE.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.59 preliminary |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip<!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older preliminary version of CODEPAGE.LST --> |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}</ref> <ref name="Hogan_1992_REF-DE">{{cite book |title=Die PC-Referenz für Programmierer |language=German |author-first=Thom |author-last=Hogan |edition=2 |date=1992 |publisher=Systhema Verlag GmbH |isbn=3-89390-272-4}} (NB. This book is the German translation of "The Programmer's PC Sourcebook" by Microsoft Press. It mentions the code page ID 854 for Spain.<!-- To be checked: Do English version and other editions of this book contain 854 as well? -->)</ref> <ref name="IBM_CP1004">{{cite web |title=Codepage 1004 - Windows Extended |publisher=IBM |date=2001 |url=http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |access-date=2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513184106/http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |archive-date=2018-05-13}}</ref> <ref name="VGA-Programming">{{cite web |url=http://www.osdever.net/FreeVGA/vga/vgatext.htm |title=VGA/SVGA Video Programming--VGA Text Mode Operation |website=osdever.net}}</ref> <ref name="IBM_2010">{{cite |title=xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records |publisher=IBM Corporation |orig-year=1986 |date=2010 |url=http://vm.marist.edu/%7Epipeline/bhelp/ACH0275.html |access-date=2016-10-18}}</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_Codepages">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317752.aspx |title=Code Pages |publisher=Microsoft |website=microsoft.com}}</ref> <ref name="IBM">[https://github.com/pentaho/pentaho-reporting/tree/master/libraries/libfonts/encodings/VENDORS/IBM]</ref> <ref name="MS_2014_CP201xx">{{cite web |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft|work=Microsoft Developer Network |date=2014 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx |access-date=2016-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132819/https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-19}}</ref> <ref name="WG_CP201xx">{{cite web |title=Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings |date=2012-10-23 |work=WHATWG Wiki |url=https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620184648/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="WU_CP20105">{{cite web |title=Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183843/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="WU_CP20106">{{cite web |title=German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183739/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="WU_CP20107">{{cite web |title=Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183231/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="WU_CP20108">{{cite web |title=Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183449/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="WU_CP20127">{{cite web |title=US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620192058/http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2002">{{cite |title=Technical info on undocumented DOS country info for LCASE, ARAMODE and CCTORC records |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-09-05 |publisher=FreeDOS development list fd-dev at Topica |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |access-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527142512/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |archive-date=2016-05-27}}</ref> <ref name="RBIL">{{cite book |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |title=The x86 Interrupt List |title-link=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List |version=61 |date=2002-12-29}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &mdash; Tips &amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522014302/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=22 May 2016 }} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on Novell DOS 7 and OpenDOS 7.01, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &mdash; Tips &amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |version=Release 183 |language=de}}</ref> <ref name="lika">[http://www.likit.lt/indexw.php Changed its name to "Likit". Went out of business?]</ref> <ref name="CP770">{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/770.htm |title=770}} From Lithuanian Lika Software</ref> <ref name="CP771">{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm |title=771}} From Lithuanian Lika Software</ref> <ref name="CP772">{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm |title=772}} From Lithuanian Lika Software</ref> <ref name="CP774">{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/774.htm |title=774}} From Lithuanian Lika Software</ref> <ref name="star">{{cite web |url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf |title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual}}</ref> <ref name="CP437">{{cite web |author=IBM |title=SBCS code page information document - CPGID 00437 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00437.html |access-date=2014-07-04}}</ref> <ref name="Statistics">{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding/all |title=Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites, (updated daily) |website=w3techs.com |access-date=2015-08-06}}</ref> <ref name="Statistics_UTF-8">{{cite web |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/encoding/UTF-8 |title=UTF-8 Usage Statistics |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=2011-03-28}}</ref> <ref name="lithuanian-charsets">{{cite web |url=http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ |title=lietuvybė.lt - Rašmenų koduotės |language=lt |trans-title=lietuvybė.lt - Character encodings}}</ref> <ref name="Kazakh_1174">{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV|title=Character Data Representation Architecture}}<!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --></ref> }} == External links == * [http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/glossary.jsp#SPTGLCDPG IBM CDRA glossary] * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205110331/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html|date=2016-02-05|title=IBM code pages}} * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906204346/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp_es.jsp|date=2009-09-06|title=IBM code pages by encoding scheme}} * [http://site.icu-project.org/charts/charset IBM/ICU Charset Information] * [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers Microsoft Code Page Identifiers] (Microsoft's list contains only code pages actively used by normal apps on Windows. See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20040225223721/http://www.sharmahd.com/tm/codepages.html Torsten Mohrin's list] for the full list of supported code pages) * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023050917/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964654|date=2012-10-23|title=Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each}} * [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/codepages.html Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button] * [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page] {{character encoding}} [[Category:Character encoding]] 9dx3ip1qjr2v2s7j8ytqox20sa3v8vv 0 432486 4633834 3885773 2026-05-03T11:49:54Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Shin'ou Region.jpg|thumb|right|The Sinnoh region, introduced in ''Pokémon Diamond'' and ''Pearl'', is loosely based on the geographical aspects of Hokkaidō]] <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:N06 0515 dpscr04.jpg|thumb|right|An in-game screenshot of the male protagonist outside of his house in Twinleaf Town.]] --> {{nihongo|'''Sinnoh'''<ref>[http://www.nintendo.com/gamemini?gameid=Sw8fLPiPMydfaiwZREgJ2N6Q-wwFePWC Nintendo.com] Retrieved on 2007-02-24.</ref><ref>[http://www.pokemon.com/#diamondandpearl_2 Pokémon.com] "The Land of Sinnoh" Retrieved on 2007-02-24.</ref>|シンオウ地方|Shin'ō-chihō}} is a Pokémon region in the fictional universe of ''Pokémon'', and is the setting of the Nintendo DS games ''Pokémon Diamond'' and ''Pokémon Pearl''. Sinnoh, like Pokémon regions in previous games, features a broad range of environments for the player to explore. The region is mountainous and temperate, and features, for the first time in a ''Pokémon'' RPG, snowy routes. While this region's location with relation to other regions portrayed in the franchise is unknown, Ash Ketchum refers to Sinnoh as an island during the English dub of the last episode of season 9 of the anime, while Professor Oak mentions that it's located to the north of the Kanto/Johto landmass. The in-game map shows that the region consists of about 70% land and 30% water. There are thirty routes in Sinnoh numbered 201 to 230 and, like the Hoenn region before it, do not follow sequentially from the previous region's routes: routes in Hoenn, the previous region, were numbered 101 to 134. Sinnoh has four lakes, each of which houses a legendary Pokémon: Lake Acuity houses Uxie, Lake Valor houses Azelf, Lake Verity houses Mesprit, <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 189-181 </ref> and the secret Sendoff Spring houses Giratina inside Turnback Cave. Sinnoh is based on the geography of the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, the southern half of the Russian island of Sakhalin, and the disputed island of Kunashir. Sinnoh features an extensive underground area called The Underground. In this area a player can dig for stones, items, and spheres which can be exchanged for items with underground barterers. The player can also use DS Wireless Communication compete with players within the area to a capture the flag game. The ''Diamond and Pearl'' season of the anime is set in Sinnoh. ==Cities and towns== ===Twinleaf Town=== {{nihongo|'''Twinleaf Town'''|フタバタウン|Futaba Taun|'''Futaba Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} is the town in which the protagonists of ''Diamond'' and ''Pearl'', the player and the player's rival, reside and from which they begin their journey across the region of Sinnoh, located south of Route 201, southwest of Sandgem Town, southeast of Lake Verity, and north of a small pond. ===Sandgem Town=== {{nihongo|'''Sandgem Town'''|マサゴタウン|Masago Taun|'''Masago Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} houses the laboratory of Professor Rowan, an accomplished professor whose expertise concerns Pokémon, and features the game's first Pokémon Center and Pokémart. It is also home to Professor Rowan's assistant Dawn/Lucas, and is where the player gets the National Pokédex after seeing 150 Pokémon of the Sinnoh region.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 48-49 </ref> ===Jubilife City=== {{nihongo|'''Jubilife City'''|コトブキシティ|Kotobukit Shiti|'''Kotobuki City''' in original Japanese language versions}} houses a television station, the Trainer's School, "Pokétch Company", the company which makes the Pokétch, and the Global Trade Station or GTS, which allows for trading over the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. The city is based on the Japanese city of Sapporo. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 56-59 </ref> ===Oreburgh City=== {{nihongo|'''Oreburgh City'''|クロガネシテ|Kurogane Shiti|'''Kurogane City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the Oreburgh Mine, the Mining Museum and the rock-type gym. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 64-67 </ref> ===Floaroma Town=== {{nihongo|'''Floaroma Town'''|ソノオタウン|Sonō Taun|'''Sonō Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} is a flower-loving city, where many of the fields have endless amounts of flowers in them &mdash; of all colors. Many trainers are attracted to the city because of the fragrant smell. The Pokémon Contests have relevance in this town because of the Pick a Peck of Flowers Shop, where one can purchase Pokémon accessories. There is also a man that sells honey in the flower fields. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 76-79</ref> ===Eterna City=== {{nihongo|'''Eterna City'''|ハクタイシティ|Hakutai Shiti|'''Hakutai City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the second Gym Leader, Gardenia, as well as a Bicycle Shop and a Team Galactic building. The ''Underground Man'' also lives in Eterna, he will give the player the Explorer Kit, allowing the player to enter the Underground and he will continue to tutor the player on the underground. The bike shop can also be found in this town. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 90-93 </ref> ===Veilstone City=== {{nihongo|'''Veilstone City'''|トバリシティ|Tobari Shiti|'''Tobari City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the third Gym Leader, Maylene, as well as a Department Store, Game Corner, and Team Galactic's official Regional Headquarters and Warehouse. While in the town the character is confronted by Professor Rowan's assistant who claims Team Galactic stole her Pokédex at which point you battle your way throught Team Galactic's headquarters to retrieve it. In the anime, it is the hometown of Paul, one of the rivals of Ash Ketchum. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 131-134</ref> ===Pastoria City=== {{nihongo|'''Pastoria City'''|ノモセシティ|Nomose Shiti|'''Nomose City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the fourth Gym Leader, Wake, as well as the Great Marsh, Diamond and Pearl's equivalent of the Safari Zone. <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 146-148 </ref> ===Celestic Town=== {{nihongo|'''Celestic Town'''|カンナギタウン|Kannagi Taun|'''Kannagi Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} is a small town just right next to Eterna City. It is home to an ancient temple honoring the legendary Pokémon Uxie, Mesprit, Azelf, Dialga, and Palkia. It, like Eterna city, is very traditional and houses many legends. Celestic Town also happens to be the home town of the current Sinnoh Region Pokemon League Champion, Cynthia.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 156-158</ref> ===Canalave City=== {{nihongo|'''Canalave City'''|ミオシティ|Mio Shiti|'''Mio City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the sixth Gym Leader, Byron. Canalave City also has a port in which the player can board a ship to Iron Island, an island off Sinnoh.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 160-163</ref> The city also houses the Harbor Inn, which the player must access to capture Darkrai via an event. ===Hearthome City=== {{nihongo|'''Hearthome City'''|ヨスガシティ|Yosuga Shiti|'''Yosuga City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the fifth Gym Leader, Fantina, as well as the Pokémon Super Contest Hall it was also voted the most desirable place in Sinnoh. It also has Amity Square, in which one can take walks with "cute" Pokémon. (According to the game, the only permitted Pokémon are Pikachu, Clefairy, Jigglypuff, Psyduck, Torchic, Shroomish, Skitty, Pachirisu, Drifloon, Buneary and Happiny) <ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 110-114</ref>Accessories for Pokémon Super Contests can be collected every 200 steps. ===Solaceon Town=== {{nihongo|'''Solaceon Town'''|ズイタウン|Zui Taun|'''Zui Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to a Day-care Center. Nearby is the Solaceon Ruins, which contain the Unown.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 120-124</ref> ===Snowpoint City=== {{nihongo|'''Snowpoint City'''|キッサキシティ|Kissaki Shiti|'''Kissaki City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the seventh Gym Leader, Candice, and the Snowpoint Temple containing the Legendary Pokémon Regigigas. On certain predetermined days, a weather effect called diamond dust occurs.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 176-179</ref> ===Sunyshore City=== {{nihongo|'''Sunyshore City'''|ナギサシティ|Nagisa Shiti|'''Nagisa City''' in original Japanese language versions}} is home to the eighth Gym Leader, Volkner, a market for buying seals that can be placed on Poké Balls and a lighthouse that overlooks the Pokémon League. Much of the city is powered by solar cells. Also, the Olivine City Gym Leader, Jasmine, is present by the route to the Pokémon League. The city experiences a crippling blackout until the player engages Team Galactic and Dialga or Palkia at Spear Pillar.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 194-196</ref> ===Pokémon League=== The {{nihongo|'''Pokémon League'''|ポケモンリーグ|Pokemon Rīgu}} Headquarters is portrayed as a magnificent castle at the top of a large waterfall in ''Diamond'' and ''Pearl''.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 203-207</ref> ==Other areas== ===Old Chateau=== The {{nihongo|'''Old Chateau'''|もりのようかん|Mori no Youkan|'''Forest Manor''' in original Japanese language versions}} is a crumbling haunted mansion in Eterna Forest, filled with Ghost-type Pokémon. The player can acquire Rotom here after after a certain time in the night by conversing with the TV set. There are also several ghosts of humans which appear on occasion, although they can not be interacted with.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 86-88</ref> ===Mt. Coronet=== {{nihongo|'''Mt. Coronet'''|テンガンざん|Tengan-zan|'''Mt. Tengan''' in original Japanese language versions}} is the tallest mountain in Sinnoh, dividing it in half. Notable features include the Spear Pillar, where the legendary Pokémon Palkia or Dialga (depending on the version being played) is located. This is also where the climax of the plot happens, and the player must battle the Team Galactic Administrators and then their Leader.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 184-188</ref> In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, the Spear Pillar is one of the stages. Dialga, Palkia, or even Cresselia may appear on a platform in the center of the battle field and perform attacks.<ref>http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/stages/stage29.html Nintendo Profile of Super Smash Brothers Stage, ''Spear Pillar''</ref> ===Solaceon Ruins=== {{nihongo|'''Solaceon Ruins'''|ズイのいせき}} is a cave in Solaceon Town that is home to the Unown, where all 26 can be found.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 121</ref> ===Great Marsh=== The {{nihongo|'''Great Marsh'''|だいしつげん|Dai Shitsugen|'''Great Marsh''' in original Japanese language versions}} is where the Safari Game is held. The Great Marsh is a large area divided into six smaller areas labelled from one to six. Instead of normal grass, pokemon in the Great Marsh are found in grassy mud. After the National Dex is obtained several new pokemon can be found; these include Kangaskhan, Carvanha, Yanma etc.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 147-148</ref> ===Pokémon Mansion=== {{nihongo|'''Pokémon Mansion'''|ポケモンやしき}} is a large mansion with a trophy garden at the back. After the National Dex is obtained, several new species of Pokemon can be found in the garden, but in order to find them the player must talk to the owner who will then send out his butler to place the said Pokemon in the garden because the owner lied and the said Pokemon does not exist in the garden.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 152-154</ref> ===Iron Island=== {{nihongo|'''Iron Island'''|こうてつじま|Kōtetsu-jima|'''Steel Island''' in original Japanese language versions}} is the training place of the people of Canalave City's Gym and Riley, a trainer who gives the player a Riolu egg.<ref>Official Pokémon Scenario Guide Diamond and Pearl version p. 164-166</ref> ===Fullmoon Island=== {{nihongo|'''Fullmoon Island'''|まんげつじま|Mangetsu-jima}} is home to the Legendary Pokémon Cresselia. It runs away after the player sees it long enough for it to be entered into the Pokédex. ===Turnback Cave=== {{nihongo|'''Turnback Cave'''|もどりのどうくつ|Modori no Doukutsu|'''Recovery Cave''' in original Japanese language versions}} is at the center of Sendoff Spring, the fourth lake of Sinnoh that was hidden long ago. It leads into an alternate dimension, where Giratina is housed. ===Newmoon Island=== {{nihongo|'''Newmoon Island'''|しんげつじま|Shingetsu-jima}} is home to the Legendary Pokémon Darkrai, but can only be reached with a "Member's Card" which is through a Nintendo event. ===Flower Paradise=== The {{nihongo|'''Flower Paradise'''|はなのらくえん|Hana no Rakuen}} is accessed with a special item called "Oak's Letter," which must be obtained through a Nintendo event. Shaymin is available here. ===Hall of Origin=== The {{nihongo|'''Hall of Origin'''|はじまりのま|Hajimari no Ma|}} is accessed with a special item called "Azure Flute," which must be obtained through a Nintendo event. The Hall of Origin will appear after playing the Azure Flute in Spear Pillar. A staircase leading up will appear. Arceus resides in the Hall of Origin. ===Battle Zone=== The {{nihongo|'''Battle Zone'''|バトルゾーン|Batoru Zōn}} is an island off the northeast of mainland Sinnoh and is home to the Battle Tower, where the player can get Battle Points, like in Hoenn's Battle Frontier. Similarly to ''Pokémon Emerald'', Battle Points are won from battles and can be exchanged for goods and move tutoring services. The Battle Zone houses four important locations: {{nihongo|'''Stark Mountain'''|ハードマウンテン|Hādo Maunten|'''Hard Mountain''' in original Japanese language versions}}, in which the player can find the legendary Pokémon Heatran, and three specific areas, the {{nihongo|'''Fight Area'''|ファイトエリア|Faito Eria}}, the {{nihongo|'''Survival Area'''|サバイバルエリア|Sabaibaru Eria}} and the {{nihongo|'''Resort Area'''|リゾートエリア|Rizōto Eria}}. ===Alamos Town=== {{nihongo|'''Alamos Town'''|アラモスタウン|Aramosu Taun|'''Aramos Town''' in original Japanese language versions}} is a town in the Sinnoh Region that appears in the movie ''Pokémon: The Rise of Darkrai''. In the town there is the {{nihongo|Space-Time Tower|時空の塔|Jikū no Tō}} where Darkrai appears. ===Sinnoh Underground=== The Sinnoh Underground is a mini-game that becomes accessible after obtaining the Explorer Kit from the Underground Man in Eterna City. It uses the Nintendo DS Wireless Communication feature to allow simultaneous play and exploration of the area (however, it cannot be played over Nintendo Wi-Fi). In the Sinnoh Underground, one can make a secret base, dig for treasure (including rare items such as evolution stones) and speak to friends. One can find spheres, which are a sort of currency used to trade with hikers for Secret Base decorations. One can also steal flags of others—obtaining a certain number of flags and speaking to the Underground Man allows the player to upgrade his or her Secret Base. By speaking to 32 people in the Underground (not including hikers, but including repeat interactions with the same person provided that one leaves the Underground between each), one can obtain the Pokémon Spiritomb. You can also collect flags (3 flags for bronze, 10 flags for gold and 50 flags for platinum). Rewards for flag types include: For bronze, remove 5 boulders and 15 goods may be placed in one secret base. For gold, radar on pc may be used and for platinum, all boulders may be removed. == References == {{reflist}} {{Pokémon locations}} {{BookCat}} 2jxn3nzu5tjv0gtlfcj3fi5355r2qcj 10 435311 4633808 3968424 2026-05-03T10:35:10Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 removed wikinews 4633808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template is designed primarily for use on bookshelves and Wikibooks; all project links are optional. For best results (as regards the aesthetics of the template output), provide values to parameters for at least two different sister projects. Extant link box templates for individual sister projects can be found in the [[#See also|See also section]] below. == Usage == The template generates the title of the Navbox from the value of the first unnamed parameter or from the <code><nowiki>|Topic=</nowiki></code> parameter. If neither are found it will use the name of the transcluding page. === Blank template === Here the {{Para|Topic}} parameter is provided explicitly. <div style="background: #ddd; border: 4px groove lightslategray; margin-left: 16em; padding: 8px 22px; width: 30em;"><pre><nowiki> {{Associated Wikimedia|Topic= | Commons = | Commons category = | Wikipedia = | Wikipedia portal = | Wikipedia category = | Wikiquote = | Wikiquote category = | Wikisource = | Wikisource portal = | Wikisource category = | Wikispecies = | Wikiversity school = | Wikiversity portal = | Wikiversity category = | Wiktionary = | Wiktionary category = | Wiktionary appendix = | Wiktionary thesaurus = }}</nowiki></pre></div> == Example == In this example the topic is set as an unnamed parameter immediately following the template name. This works equally well as using the named {{Para|Topic}} parameter shown above, or using the {{Para|1}} parameter to hold the value; let personal preference dictate your usage. <table style="width: 95%; margin: 1em auto;"><tr><td><div style="width: 36em; margin: 1em; background: #ddd; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 0.5em 1em;"><pre><nowiki>{{Associated Wikimedia|[[Shelf:Education|Education]] | Commons = School | Commons category = Education | Wikipedia = Education | Wikipedia portal = Education | Wikipedia category = Education | Wikiquote = Education | Wikiquote category = Education | Wikisource = We choose to go to the moon | Wikisource portal = Education | Wikisource category = Education | Wikispecies = Strigiformes | Wikiversity school = Education | Wikiversity portal = Education | Wikiversity category = Education | Wiktionary = education | Wiktionary category = Education | Wiktionary appendix = Interlingua/ed#education | Wiktionary thesaurus = learned }}</nowiki></pre></div></td></tr><tr><td style="background: #fff;">{{Associated Wikimedia|[[Shelf:Education|Education]]|Commons=School|Commons category=Education||Wikipedia=Education|Wikipedia portal=Education|Wikipedia category=Education|Wikiquote=Education|Wikiquote category=Education|Wikisource=We choose to go to the moon|Wikisource portal=Education|Wikisource category=Education|Wikispecies=Strigiformes|Wikiversity school=Education|Wikiversity portal=Education|Wikiversity category=Education|Wiktionary=education|Wiktionary category=Education|Wiktionary appendix=Interlingua/ed#education|Wiktionary thesaurus=learned}}</td></tr></table> == TemplateData == {{Collapse top|TemplateData}} {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Creates a navigation box with links to equivalent topic pages at other Wikimedia project sites in English", "format": "{{_\n | ____________________ = _\n}}", "params": { "1": { "label": "Topic", "type": "string", "suggested": true, "aliases": [ "Topic" ], "description": "Subject of all displayed links, can also be a wikilink itself", "example": "[[Shelf:Education|Education]]" }, "Commons": { "type": "string", "label": "Commons gallery" }, "Commons category": { "label": "Commons category", "type": "string" }, "Wikipedia": { "label": "Wikipedia article", "type": "string" }, "Wikipedia portal": { "label": "Wikipedia portal", "type": "string" }, "Wikipedia category": { "label": "Wikipedia category", "type": "string" }, "Wikiquote": { "label": "Wikiquote page", "type": "string" }, "Wikiquote category": { "label": "Wikiquote category", "type": "string" }, "Wikisource": { "label": "Wikisource text", "type": "string" }, "Wikisource category": { "label": "Wikisource category", "type": "string" }, "Wikiversity portal": { "label": "Wikiversity portal", "type": "string" }, "Wikiversity category": { "label": "Wikiversity category", "type": "string" }, "Wikiversity school": { "label": "Wikiversity school", "type": "string" }, "Wiktionary": { "label": "Wiktionary entry", "type": "string" }, "Wiktionary category": { "label": "Wiktionary category", "type": "string" }, "Wiktionary appendix": { "label": "Wiktionary appendix", "type": "string" }, "Wiktionary thesaurus": { "label": "Wiktionary thesaurus", "type": "string" }, "Wikispecies": { "label": "Wikispecies organism", "type": "string" }, "Wikisource portal": { "label": "Wikisource portal", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "Commons", "Commons category", "Wikipedia", "Wikipedia portal", "Wikipedia category", "Wikiquote", "Wikiquote category", "Wikisource", "Wikisource portal", "Wikisource category", "Wikispecies", "Wikiversity school", "Wikiversity portal", "Wikiversity category", "Wiktionary", "Wiktionary category", "Wiktionary appendix", "Wiktionary thesaurus" ] }</templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} == See also == * {{Tl|Sister}} * {{Tl|Sisterlinks}} * [[:Category:Interwiki link templates|Interwiki link templates category]]<includeonly> [[Category:Interwiki link templates]]</includeonly> tn6zdgqg3fp4r3own8uu4lyqquhxmnd 0 437011 4633838 3985592 2026-05-03T11:51:00Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:pantherSFA.jpg|185px|thumb|Panther Caroso from ''Star Fox: Assault''.]] '''Panther Caroso''' is a fictional character from the video game ''Star Fox: Assault''. He is the newest member of Star Wolf, a band of mercenaries. His symbol is a red rose. Panther is a flirt, and he considers himself a ladies man. His conceit is so great that those around him are embarrassed. This bothers Wolf and Leon a lot. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', he flirted with Krystal, but she either ignored or rejected it depending on where in the game it happens. His first attempt was outside the Sargasso Hideout and the second, inside the tunnel leading to the Aparoid Queen. {{BookCat}} juibg8nmrkgquhisrivvu5ls3cwe346 0 437013 4633832 3985601 2026-05-03T11:48:48Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:robSFA.png|right|140px|thumb|ROB from ''Star Fox: Assault''.]] '''ROB 64''' is the robotic operator of the Great Fox mothership in the Star Fox series of video games. In the Japanese version of the series, he is called '''NUS 64''' ("NUS" standing for "'''N'''intendo '''U'''ltra '''S'''ixty-four", the original name of the Nintendo 64 system). Though his full name is ROB 64, he often referred to as just "ROB." ROB has the ability to completely control the Great Fox, making the ship fully autonomous. ROB is also networked to the ship's main computers, allowing ROB to process any information requested by the Star Fox team. ROB can also use the ship's transfer device to send vehicles and items to Star Fox team members in the field. {{spoiler}} ROB was nearly destroyed in ''Star Fox: Assault'' when Peppy Hare crashed the Great Fox into the shield protecting the entrance to the Aparoid Queen's lair, but Peppy and ROB managed to find an escape pod before the ship was destroyed. ==ROB's Changing Appearances== ===''Star Fox 64''=== We really don't get much of a glimpse of ROB except his face. Because of the blocky shape of his head, it might have been inferred that he was somewhat bulky, although that does not appear to be the case. ===''Star Fox Adventures''=== ROB here looks somewhat disheveled and fallen into a state of slight disrepair, as does the rest of the Star Fox Team. Due to a Supply Transfer Error, ROB scattered all of the Arwing's fuel cells at the outset of the game, forcing Fox to search for them. ===''Star Fox: Assault''=== Again, ROB's appearance mirrors the state of things for the Star Fox Team. ROB looks upgraded and better-maintained, as does the Great Fox itself. ==ROB: What's In A Name?== [[File:NES-ROB.png|thumb|The real life ROB for the NES.]] ROB is an in-joke in the Nintendo universe. He is a based on the Nintendo Entertainment System accessory R.O.B. the Robotic Operating Buddy. The '''64''' comes from the Nintendo 64. {{BookCat}} heumdfn5nmt5fbcblraspw76gc9o3gb 0 437015 4633827 3985633 2026-05-03T11:47:50Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Beltinotoad.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Beltino in ''Star Fox: Assault'']] '''Beltino Toad''' is the Research Director for the Cornerian Defense Forces in the Star Fox series of video games and is also Slippy Toad's father. Beltino previously (and may still) worked for Space Dynamics Co. Ltd. as an engineer, and may have been the designer of the {{BOOKNAME}}/Vehicles/Arwing. He and his son were also the two that created the Blue Marine vehicle that Starfox used in ''Star Fox 64'' to explore the planet of Aquas. Beltino was first mentioned in the ''Star Fox 64'' Player's Guide, but did not make an in-game appearance until ''Star Fox: Assault''. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', it was Beltino who discovered two things that led to the destruction of the Aparoids: that they could have programs executed in them and that they were susceptible to apoptosis. He then coded a program that activated the apoptosis gene in the Aparoids. The program was carried by Fox McCloud to the Aparoid Homeworld where it was injected into the Aparoid Queen. {{BookCat}} kg6jknpd26gk2q9c2xcstx76q0eq513 0 438545 4633535 4633488 2026-05-02T17:28:11Z Vaq5gp 3580535 Fixed spacing 4633535 wikitext text/x-wiki Algorithmic bias refers to undesirable results from a computer system that incorrectly or unfairly prioritizes one group over another. This chapter currently focuses on algorithmic bias in the United States. == Background == Of particular importance is algorithmic bias in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Companies and individuals are increasing their reliance on AI systems. Search engine results, social media recommendations, hiring decisions, stock market predictions, and policing practices use information from AI predictive modeling. <ref>[https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/big-data-analytics IBM. (n.d.). ''Big Data Analytics''. https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/big-data-analytics.]</ref> Algorithmic bias in these models is particularly dangerous due to human Automation Bias, the tendency for humans to disregard contradictory information when presented with a computer-generated solution <ref> Cummings, Mary (2004). "Automation Bias in Intelligent Time Critical Decision Support Systems" (PDF). AIAA 1st Intelligent Systems Technical Conference (PDF). doi:10.2514/6.2004-6313. {{#isbn:978-1-62410-080-2}}. Archived from the original on 2014-11-01. </ref>. This increases the likelihood that bias in the AI system will result in unfair or inequitable outcomes where the system is in use. How does Algorithmic Bias occur in AI systems? Often, AI systems operate on massive data sets amalgamated from existing sources [[Lentis/"Data is the new oil"|without refinement]]. This leads to any existing bias, often institutional or implicit, being passed along to the AI system. <ref>[https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/04/137602/this-is-how-ai-bias-really-happensand-why-its-so-hard-to-fix/ Hao, K. (2019, February 4). ''This is how AI bias really happens-and why it's so hard to fix''. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/04/137602/this-is-how-ai-bias-really-happensand-why-its-so-hard-to-fix/.]</ref> Consider an AI hiring algorithm created to give a competitive advantage in finding the best possible candidates for a computer science position. Because computer science is currently male dominated field, the hiring algorithm might erroneously prioritize male applicants. An example of a similar case is the Amazon Hiring Algorithm. In this way, AI systems will replicate existing bias and perpetuate existing prejudice in the status quo. Assembled bias, a proposed type of Algorithmic Bias unique to AI and ML systems, describes novel biases introduced by AI systems that do not currently exist in society.<ref>Waller, R.R., Waller, R.L. Assembled Bias: Beyond Transparent Algorithmic Bias. ''Minds & Machines'' 32, 533–562 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi-org.proxy1.library.virginia.edu/10.1007/s11023-022-09605-x</nowiki></ref> Assembled bias arises from the idea that AI models are generative rather than purely statistical. A toy example to better understand this phenomenon is AI generation of realistic images.<ref>Gray, Richard. (2018, November 27). ''Why machines dream of spiders with 15 legs.'' https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181127-the-weird-way-machines-with-ai-see-the-world </ref> When asked to create an image of a spider, an AI model might produce a highly detailed, realistically textured image of an eleven-legged spider. Even though the AI has only ever trained with images of eight-legged spiders, the AI has no concept of how to count legs – instead, it creates its own metrics for what defines a spider. Diversity is notably lacking from AI development and research positions. Only about 20% of AI researchers are women, and other minority groups are similarly underrepresented.<ref>Kumar, S., Choudhury, S. Gender and feminist considerations in artificial intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study. ''Humanit Soc Sci Commun'' 9, 31 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01043-5</nowiki></ref> Because the end goal when developing an AI system is often quantifying a nebulous concept, the perspectives of those present and working on the system strongly influence the outcome. The lack of diversity in AI positions represents another possible source of bias because the majority perspective will be overvalued in the outcome. Currently, the unfair outcomes resulting from Algorithmic Bias in AI systems appear to be disadvantaging primarily women and sexual or racial minorities. Combating this unintended result of AI and ML is an ongoing field of research.<ref name=":2">[https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/04/137602/this-is-how-ai-bias-really-happensand-why-its-so-hard-to-fix/ Hao, K. (2019, February 4). ''This is how AI bias really happens-and why it's so hard to fix''. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/04/137602/this-is-how-ai-bias-really-happensand-why-its-so-hard-to-fix/.]</ref> == Case Studies and Social Impacts == === Amazon's Hiring Algorithm === In 2014, Amazon initiated a program that used AI to review job resumes. The purpose of the program was to reduce the time spent on finding good candidates to fill job openings. The AI was trained on resumes submitted to the company during the previous 10 years. The demographics of the submitted resumes were similar to that of most tech companies: composed mostly of men, especially in technical roles. Consequently, the AI produced an algorithm that favored male resumes more than female resumes, as most of the previously successful candidates were male. This manifested itself in the algorithm as it penalized resumes that included the word “women’s”, or rewarding those with words more commonly found on male resumes such as “captured” or “executed”. The algorithm was also found to downgrade candidates who graduated from all-women’s colleges.<ref name=":0">Dastin, J. (2018, Oct. 10). ''Amazon Scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women.'' Reuters. <nowiki>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight/amazon-scraps-secret-ai-recruiting-tool-that-showed-bias-against-women-idUSKCN1MK08G</nowiki></ref> To combat the gender-bias outcome of the tool, Amazon made the program neutral to gender-correlated terms. By doing so, Amazon engaged in internal auditing, a technique designed to reduce algorithmic bias by ensuring any emerging bias in a machine learning model is caught and stopped. However, it did not address the crux of the problem, which was the underlying data. A different approach would have been to analyze the existing data set to predict where the algorithm could be biased, evaluating and modifying assumptions about the data as necessary. This approach has been successful in other AI applications. In this case, however, Amazon left the underlying data unaddressed. This abetted the algorithm to find additional discriminatory ways of sorting the candidates. The tool was retired in 2017 after “executives lost hope for the project.”<ref name=":0" /> Critics of Amazon argue this algorithm has perpetuated the gender disparity in their workforce. Amazon does not dispute that their recruiters looked at the recommendations generated by the tool, but maintain the tool “was never used by [them] to evaluate candidates.”<ref name=":0" /> Opponents of Amazon argue the two are mutually exclusive; recruiters were surely influenced by a tool that rates candidates from 1-5 stars, even if they claim they were not. Some critics, like ACLU Attorney Rachel Goodman, further contend that AI hiring tools “are not eliminating human bias – they are merely laundering it through software.”<ref>Goodman, R. (2018, Oct. 12). Why Amazon’s Automated Hiring Tool Discriminated Against Women. ''American Civil Liberties Union.'' <nowiki>https://www.aclu.org/blog/womens-rights/womens-rights-workplace/why-amazons-automated-hiring-tool-discriminated-against</nowiki></ref> Proponents of AI hiring technology are more optimistic: In a 2017 survey from CareerBuilder, 55% of U.S. human resources managers said AI would be a regular part of their work within the next five years.<ref>CareerBuilder. (2017, May 18). ''More than half of HR managers say artificial intelligence will become a regular part of HR in next 5 years'' [press release]. <nowiki>https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/press-release/</nowiki></ref> However, as Vice President of LinkedIn Talent Solutions John Jersin explains, the technology has much room for improvement before it can “make a hiring decision on its own.”<ref name=":0" /> Amazon has since revived the project, hoping that emphasizing diversity will lead to more equitable algorithmic outcomes. However, in the absence of critically evaluating the data the models are trained on, it is unclear why a certain algorithmic emphasis will lead to a non-discriminatory outcome of the algorithm. === Vendors, Regulators, and the Hiring Pipeline === While Amazon's algorithm represents one company's failed attempt at automated recruiting, automated hiring tools are now widespread. As of 2025, an estimated 99% of Fortune 500 companies use some form of applicant tracking system, and a growing share rely on AI for screening, ranking, and video assessment.<ref name=":hire1">Jobscan. (2025). ''Fortune 500 ATS usage report''. <nowiki>https://www.jobscan.co/blog/fortune-500-use-applicant-tracking-systems/</nowiki></ref> Vendors such as HireVue, Pymetrics, and Eightfold supply these tools to employers across industries. HireVue, one of the largest, reports having facilitated over 70 million video interviews.<ref>HireVue. (2025). ''AI-powered skill validation, video interviewing, assessments and more''. <nowiki>https://www.hirevue.com/</nowiki></ref> Vendors frame their tools as standardizing fairness. HireVue states that its AI provides "a standard, structured, and fair way to screen many candidates… in a shorter time and at lower cost."<ref>HireVue. (2022, April). ''AI explainability statement (short form)''. <nowiki>https://www.hirevue.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/HV_AI_Short-Form_Explainability_1pager.pdf</nowiki></ref> Critics argue this framing conflates algorithmic consistency with equity. The Electronic Privacy Information Center filed an FTC complaint against HireVue in 2019, alleging that the company's facial analysis features lacked scientific basis and produced biased outcomes.<ref name=":10">Electronic Privacy Information Center. (2019, November 6). ''EPIC files FTC complaint against HireVue''. <nowiki>https://epic.org/epic-files-complaint-with-ftc-about-employment-screening-firm-hirevue/</nowiki></ref> HireVue announced in January 2021 that it had removed facial analysis from its assessments, citing public concern, but retained voice and language analysis.<ref>Maurer, R. (2021, February 3). HireVue discontinues facial analysis screening. ''SHRM''. <nowiki>https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/talent-acquisition/hirevue-discontinues-facial-analysis-screening</nowiki></ref> Employers and HR departments occupy a distinct position in this pipeline. The Society for Human Resource Management reports that among organizations using AI in hiring, nearly nine in ten do so to save time or increase efficiency.<ref>SHRM. (2024). ''2024 Talent Trends Survey: Artificial intelligence findings''. <nowiki>https://shrm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/AI/2024-Talent-Trends-Survey_Artificial-Intelligence-Findings.pdf</nowiki></ref> However, most HR departments lack the technical capacity to independently audit the tools they purchase, creating a diffusion of responsibility: vendors maintain that employers control how the tools are used, while employers defer to algorithmic outputs they cannot meaningfully evaluate. === The Regulatory Landscape === Governance of automated hiring is fragmented. In the United States, no federal law specifically addresses AI in employment. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has issued guidance noting that automated screening can violate the Americans with Disabilities Act and Title VII, but this guidance is non-binding.<ref>U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2022, May 12). ''U.S. EEOC and U.S. Department of Justice warn against disability discrimination''. <nowiki>https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/us-eeoc-and-us-department-justice-warn-against-disability-discrimination</nowiki></ref> In the absence of federal action, individual states and cities have legislated. Illinois passed the Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act in 2019, requiring employers to notify applicants when AI evaluates video interviews and obtain their consent.<ref>Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act, 820 ILCS 42 (2019). <nowiki>https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=4015&ChapterID=68</nowiki></ref> New York City's Local Law 144, effective in 2023, requires employers using automated employment decision tools to commission annual independent bias audits and publish the results.<ref>New York City Local Law 144 of 2021, Administrative Code § 20-871 (2023).</ref> The European Union has taken a different approach: the EU AI Act, which entered into force in 2024, classifies hiring AI as "high-risk" and imposes mandatory pre-deployment impact assessments.<ref>European Parliament. (2024). ''Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence''. <nowiki>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj</nowiki></ref> This product-safety framework contrasts with the U.S. civil-rights model, which generally requires harm to occur before legal action can proceed. The trade group BSA | The Software Alliance, whose members include Microsoft, Oracle, and Workday, has actively lobbied to narrow these regulations. In comments on Local Law 144, BSA argued that "requiring third-party audits is not a feasible or optimal approach," citing the absence of common AI auditing standards and professional oversight bodies.<ref>BSA | The Software Alliance. (2023, January 23). ''Comments on the New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection's revised proposed rules implementing Local Law 144''. <nowiki>https://www.bsa.org/files/policy-filings/01232023nyctools.pdf</nowiki></ref> The result is a contested regulatory environment in which the standards meant to govern these tools are themselves shaped by the industries they are intended to constrain. === Facial Recognition Algorithms === Several companies, including IBM and Microsoft, have developed facial recognition algorithms to recognize people only using their face<ref>Najibi, A. (2020). ''Racial Discrimination in Face Recognition Technology''. Science in the News; Harvard University. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2020/racial-discrimination-in-face-recognition-technology/</ref>. These algorithms are available to the public and have been used by police departments in conjunction with [[Lentis/Video Surveillance|video surveillance]] programs <ref>Hao, K. (2020, June 12). ''The two-year fight to stop Amazon from selling face recognition to the police''. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/12/1003482/amazon-stopped-selling-police-face-recognition-fight/</ref>. In 2018, Joy Buolamwini studied biases in gender classification for facial recognition algorithms from IBM, Microsoft, and Face++, and discovered that all of them perform better on "lighter faces than darker faces", and performed worst for "darker female faces "<ref name=":8">Buolamwini, J., Gebru, T., Friedler, S., & Wilson, C. (2018). Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification *. ''Proceedings of Machine Learning Research'', ''81'', 1–15. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a/buolamwini18a.pdf</ref>. All of the algorithms had an accuracy gap between "lighter males and darker females" of over 20% with IBM's algorithm performing the worst with a gap of 34.4%<ref name=":8" />. In 2019, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) confirmed the issue of [[Lentis/Algorithmic bias by gender|algorithmic gender bias]] and racial bias is an industry wide problem with 189 of the studied facial recognition algorithms being least accurate for people of color, and in particular, women of color<ref>Grother, P., Ngan, M., & Hanaoka, K. (2019). Face recognition vendor test part 3: ''Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) Part 3: Demographic Effects''. https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8280 ‌</ref>. In response to the research IBM stopped working on their facial recognition algorithm<ref>Jee, C. (2020, June 9). ''IBM says it is no longer working on face recognition because it’s used for racial profiling''. Technology Review; MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/09/1002947/ibm-says-it-is-no-longer-working-on-face-recognition-because-its-used-for-racial-profiling/</ref>, Microsoft and Face++ released improved versions of their facial recognition algorithms and reduced their accuracy gap by over 19%<ref>Buolamwini, J. (2019). ''Actionable Auditing: Investigating the Impact of Publicly Naming Biased Performance Results of Commercial AI Products – MIT Media Lab''. MIT Media Lab. https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/actionable-auditing-investigating-the-impact-of-publicly-naming-biased-performance-results-of-commercial-ai-products/</ref>, and Amazon stopped police departments from using its facial recognition algorithm<ref>Hao, K. (2020, June 12). ''The two-year fight to stop Amazon from selling face recognition to the police''. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/12/1003482/amazon-stopped-selling-police-face-recognition-fight/</ref>. === Wrongful Arrests and the Limits of Corporate Response === While companies like IBM and Amazon paused or withdrew their facial recognition products in response to research findings, deployment by law enforcement continued through other vendors. In January 2020, Detroit police arrested Robert Williams in front of his wife and two daughters after a facial recognition system incorrectly matched him to surveillance footage of a shoplifting suspect.<ref>Hill, K. (2020, June 24). Wrongfully accused by an algorithm. ''The New York Times''. <nowiki>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/technology/facial-recognition-arrest.html</nowiki></ref> Williams spent thirty hours in jail before officers acknowledged the match was wrong. His was the first publicly reported case of a wrongful arrest caused by facial recognition technology.<ref name=":fr1">American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. (2024). ''Williams v. City of Detroit''. <nowiki>https://www.aclumich.org/en/cases/facial-recognition</nowiki></ref> Williams's case was not isolated. By 2025, the American Civil Liberties Union had documented more than a dozen publicly known wrongful arrests in the United States caused by police reliance on facial recognition matches, with nearly all of the affected individuals being Black.<ref>American Civil Liberties Union. (2025). ''More than a dozen wrongful arrests due to police reliance on facial recognition technology''. <nowiki>https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/more-than-a-dozen-wrongful-arrests-due-to-police-reliance-on-facial-recognition-technology</nowiki></ref> Cases include Nijeer Parks in New Jersey, Porcha Woodruff in Detroit (arrested while eight months pregnant), and Randal Reid in Georgia.<ref>Innocence Project. (2024, January 17). ''Artificial intelligence is putting innocent people at risk of being incarcerated''. <nowiki>https://innocenceproject.org/news/artificial-intelligence-is-putting-innocent-people-at-risk-of-being-incarcerated/</nowiki></ref> The American Civil Liberties Union, working with the University of Michigan Civil Rights Litigation Initiative, filed suit on Williams's behalf in 2021, arguing that Detroit's use of the technology violated his civil rights.<ref>American Civil Liberties Union. (2024, June 28). ''Williams v. City of Detroit''. <nowiki>https://www.aclu.org/cases/williams-v-city-of-detroit-face-recognition-false-arrest</nowiki></ref> The case settled in June 2024, with Detroit agreeing to what advocates described as the strongest police facial recognition policy in the United States, including a prohibition on arrests based solely on algorithmic matches.<ref>Michigan Public Radio. (2024, June 28). ''Wrongful facial recognition arrest in Detroit leads to landmark settlement''. <nowiki>https://www.michiganpublic.org/criminal-justice-legal-system/2024-06-28/it-didnt-make-sense-at-all-wrongful-facial-recognition-arrest-leads-to-landmark-settlement</nowiki></ref> The Williams case illustrates a recurring pattern in algorithmic bias advocacy. Researchers such as Joy Buolamwini generate quantitative evidence of bias; advocacy organizations identify specific victims whose stories make the harm legible to non-technical audiences; journalists amplify these cases; and litigators or legislators use the resulting political pressure to force change. Buolamwini's Gender Shades findings were published in 2018, but the most consequential policy responses came only after individual harms became public. This dynamic raises questions about the time lag between technical research and accountability: tools shown to be biased often remain in deployment for years before specific cases generate enough visibility to compel response. === Predictive Policing === {{See also|Lentis/Predictive_Policing}} === Loan Lending Algorithms === Financial technology (Fintech) is a field in which loan lending algorithms have begun to replace face-to-face meetings. In the U.S., 45% of the largest mortgage lenders offer software-based loan solutions but they have been scrutinized for discriminative pricing. A study by Bartlett et al. found that through online platforms and face-to-face meetings Black and Latinx borrowers paid, on average, 7.9 basis points higher interest on purchase loans than comparable borrowers and paid 3.6 basis points more on refinance loans. This difference costs Black and Latinx borrowers $756M annually. Researchers found the discrimination in algorithms to be about 40 percent less than face-to-face lenders. Specifically, when Fintech algorithms are used, underrepresented borrowers pay 5.3 basis points higher than their counterparts (2.6 points lower than traditional methods)<ref>Gunn, D. (2019, Oct.). Minority Borrowers Pay More, Even under Algorithmic Lending. ''The Digest No. 10''. www.nber.org/digest/oct19/minority-borrowers-pay-more-even-under-algorithmic-lending</ref>. The study analyzed 30-year, fixed-rate, single-family residential loans issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac between 2008 and 2015, and lenders were found to make 11 percent to 17 percent higher profits from purchase loans to underrepresented groups<ref name=":9">Counts, L. (2018, Nov. 13). Minority homebuyers face widespread statistical lending discrimination, study finds. BerkeleyHaas. newsroom.haas.berkeley.edu/minority-homebuyers-face-widespread-statistical-lending-discrimination-study-finds</ref>. Although loaning algorithms demonstrate less bias than traditional face-to-face lenders, the persistence of bias of any degree emphasizes the need to examine loaning algorithms and determine the source of the algorithmic bias. Loaning algorithms are based on machine learning and big data, which use a wide array of customer attributes to set prices. For example, geography can play a major role since the algorithm can target locations where comparison shopping is less likely. The algorithm may determine areas that are financial deserts where financial reserves are low and applicants are faced with monopoly pricing instead of having access to many options. The algorithm may not specifically target underrepresented applicants, but its logic may set a higher price knowing the applicant is more likely to accept it<ref name=":9" />. Underlying historical discrimination in training data may also lead algorithms to disfavor underrepresented groups and further wealth disparity. Fintech loaning algorithms use the prospective borrower’s credit histories, employment status, assets, debts, and the size of the loan requested to set interest rates. “If the data that you’re putting in is based on historical discrimination, then you’re basically cementing the discrimination at the other end,” says Aracely Panameño, director of Latino affairs for the Center for Responsible Lending. Research also shows that payday loan sellers often prey on neighborhoods predominantly populated with people of color since they typically have fewer bank branches. Banks report both positive and negative credit behavior while payday loan services only report missed payments. As a result, underrepresented groups from these neighborhoods find themselves with incomplete or skewed credit histories that are later fed into loan financing algorithms<ref>Martinez, E., & Kirchner, L. (2021, Aug. 25). The Secret Bias Hidden in Mortgage-Approval Algorithms. ''The Markup''. themarkup.org/denied/2021/08/25/the-secret-bias-hidden-in-mortgage-approval-algorithms</ref>. === COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm === ==== The Algorithm ==== The Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions algorithm (COMPAS), is a machine learning algorithm for judicial decision-making during criminal sentencing. Used in Wisconsin, New York, California, and Florida, COMPAS predicts the potential risk of recidivism. Created by Northpointe, Inc. (now Equivant), this commercial algorithm uses a questionnaire to categorize defendants as "low-risk", "medium-risk", or "high-risk", with respective scores of 1-4, 5-7, or 8-10.<ref name=":4">Park, A. L. (2019, February 19). ''Injustice Ex Machina: Predictive Algorithms in Criminal Sentencing''. Law Meets World. <nowiki>https://www.uclalawreview.org/injustice-ex-machina-predictive-algorithms-in-criminal-sentencing/#_ftn2</nowiki>.</ref> Factors such as age, gender, and criminal history are used while race is not.<ref>Rahman, F. (2020, September 7). ''Compas case study: Fairness of a Machine Learning Model''. Towards Data Science. <nowiki>https://towardsdatascience.com/compas-case-study-fairness-of-a-machine-learning-model-f0f804108751</nowiki>.</ref> Used still today to advise on bail, sentencing, and early release, many are questioning the validity and fairness of COMPAS in providing objective advice, particularly by race.<ref name=":5">Angwin, J., & Larson, J. (2016, December 30). ''BIAS in Criminal Risk Scores is Mathematically Inevitable, Researchers Say''. ProPublica. <nowiki>https://www.propublica.org/article/bias-in-criminal-risk-scores-is-mathematically-inevitable-researchers-say</nowiki>.</ref> In 2016 the Pulitzer Prize-winning nonprofit news organization ProPublica<ref name=":6">Spielkamp, M. (2017, June 12). ''Inspecting Algorithms for Bias''. MIT Technology Review. <nowiki>https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/06/12/105804/inspecting-algorithms-for-bias/</nowiki>.</ref> conducted a study to assess COMPAS for racial bias. A COMPAS score of medium or high risk and a defendant recidivating in 2 years, and a COMPAS score of low and a defendant not recidivating in 2 years are considered correct predictions<ref name=":7">Larson, J., Mattu, S., Kirchner, L., & Angwin, J. (2016, May 23). ''How we Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm''. ProPublica. <nowiki>https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm</nowiki>.</ref>. ProPublica found that a correct prediction of recidivism was made for white and black defendants 59 percent and 63 percent of the time, respectively. This is roughly the same rate. Upon questioning, the company said "it had devised the algorithm to achieve this goal. A test that is correct in equal proportions for all groups cannot be biased.”<ref name=":5" /> Northpointe Inc. even cites other studies within their Practitioner's Guide confirming the success and neutrality of their algorithm.<ref>Northpointe Inc. (2015, March 19). Practitioner's Guide to COMPAS Core. <nowiki>http://www.northpointeinc.com/downloads/compas/Practitioners-Guide-COMPAS-Core-_031915.pdf</nowiki></ref> ProPublica found that Black defendants had uniform scores from 1-10, while White defendants had predominantly lower scores. After adjusting for Black defendants having higher recidivism rates overall, ProPublica found that COMPAS, while maintaining a similar accuracy, is "more likely to misclassify a black defendant as higher risk than a white defendant...the test tended to make the opposite mistake with whites."<ref name=":7" /> ==== Perpetuated Systemic Racism ==== COMPAS perpetuates the historic and structural bias that is found in the criminal system. For example, COMPAS considers one's area of residence. Minority-dominated areas are often more policed, which inflates arrest statistics. If geography correlates to recidivism, then race indirectly does too. Thus, these correlations can be dangerous when not taking validity measures. As a private company, Northpointe has no legal obligation to share details on how COMPAS calculates its score or weighs its variables.<ref name=":4" /> Defendants labeled high/medium risk may be subject to harsher sentencing. The United States Sentencing Commission found that offenders who were sentenced to an incarceration length between 60 to 120 months and over 120 months were significantly less likely to recidivate.<ref>ORD (2020, April). Office of Research and Data, United States Sentencing Commission. ''Length of Incarceration and Recidivism.'' <nowiki>https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/research-publications/2020/20200429_Recidivism-SentLength.pdf</nowiki></ref> If a defendant is suspected of being high-risk, they may be given a longer sentence, and be less likely to receive bail or early release. COMPAS’s mislabeling of Black defendants may result in negative consequences despite reported racial neutrality, and could further perpetuate racial inequity in the criminal justice system.<ref name=":6" /> === United States Health Care Management Algorithm === ==== The Algorithm ==== Several U.S. health care systems use commercial algorithms to guide health decisions and target patients for "high-risk care management" programs to help ensure that appropriate care is provided. Most of these programs are beneficial to patients with critical conditions because they have teams of specialized nurses, extra primary care appointment slots, and other scarce resources.<ref name=":1">[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax2342?adobe_mc=MCMID=75787059768315457960559156472529521667%7CMCORGID=242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%40AdobeOrg%7CTS=1638729658 Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. ''Science'', ''366''(6464), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2342]</ref> As a result, hospitals and insurance companies have relied on one specific algorithm to minimize the cost for patients while targeting sicker patients that would benefit most from these programs.<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/racial-bias-found-in-a-major-health-care-risk-algorithm/ Vartan, S. (2019, October 24). ''Racial bias found in a major health care risk algorithm''. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/racial-bias-found-in-a-major-health-care-risk-algorithm/.]</ref> In 2019, Obermeyer et al. conducted a study funded by the National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation on this commercial care management algorithm in response to “the growing concern that algorithms may reproduce racial and gender disparities via the people building them or through the data used to train them." This predictive-risk algorithm generated a risk score for each patient to infer their medical needs, which was primarily based on the patient's previous health care spending. Based on the score, patients would be automatically enrolled to the program, referred to their primary care physician for consultation, or no recommendations were made.<ref name=":1" /> The study found that Black patients with the same level of algorithm-predicted risk as White patients had 26.3% more chronic illnesses. Furthermore, researchers found that when looking at specific biomarkers that index the severity of various chronic illnesses (hypertension, diabetes, bad cholesterol, etc.), Black patients had more severe illnesses than White patients with the same risk score. This was due to Black patients generating lower expected medical costs than White patients with the same chronic illnesses. These spending differences resulted in disparities between the perceived level of sicknesses between Black and White patients since the algorithm focused on patient health care spending as it's primary mechanism for producing risk scores.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Perpetuated Systemic Racism ==== The study identifies two systemic causes for reduced health care spending by Blacks that contributed to this algorithm's bias. First, poor patients face several barriers that can impede their access to healthcare despite having health insurance (geography, transportation access, competing demands from jobs or child care, knowledge of reasons to seek care, etc.). Second, race can impact patient spending through either direct discrimination by physicians or changes to the doctor-patient relationship, causing patients to not be recommended for or choosing not to seek further care. These observations demonstrate that accurate methods for decision-making models can indirectly disadvantage specific groups in society and have the ability to perpetuate existing systemic racism.<ref name=":1" /> === '''Regulatory Models and the Sociotechnical Divide''' === The failures of Amazon's hiring algorithm<ref name=":0" />, HireVue's facial analysis tools<ref name=":10" />, and the healthcare management algorithm<ref name=":1" /> described above have a common feature: internal auditing and voluntary corporate response did not prevent discriminatory outcomes. What regulatory structures are necessary to address this at a systemic level is contested, and the European Union and United States have taken markedly different approaches. ==== '''The EU AI Act''' ==== The EU AI Act, which entered into force in 2024, does not wait for individual algorithmic failures before intervening<ref>European Parliament. (2024, March 13). Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law. ''European Parliament News''. <nowiki>https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law</nowiki></ref>. It assigns risk categories to AI systems prior to deployment. By August 2026, systems classified as "high-risk," including those used in employment, loan lending, and law enforcement, must meet requirements for fundamental rights impact assessments, data governance standards, and human oversight<ref>European Commission. (2024). AI Act. ''Shaping Europe's Digital Future''. <nowiki>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai</nowiki></ref>. Systems classified as posing "unacceptable risk," including biometric categorization based on sensitive traits and predictive policing algorithms, are banned from deployment<ref>Future of Privacy Forum. (2024). FPF Resources on the EU AI Act. ''FPF Resources''. <nowiki>https://fpf.org/fpf-resources-on-the-eu-ai-act/</nowiki></ref>. ==== '''The U.S. Regulatory Environment''' ==== The United States has no comparable federal law. The EEOC has issued guidance noting that automated screening tools can violate the ADA and Title VII, but this guidance is non-binding. In the absence of federal legislation, state lawmakers have introduced over 1,500 AI-related bills as of 2026<ref>MultiState. (2026). State AI Legislation Tracker 2026: All 50 States. <nowiki>https://www.multistate.ai/artificial-intelligence-ai-legislation</nowiki></ref>. Legislation like the Colorado AI Act targets developers of high-risk systems that make consequential decisions about healthcare, housing, and employment <ref>Colorado General Assembly. (2024). Senate Bill 24-205: Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence. <nowiki>https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205</nowiki></ref>. These state-level efforts face resistance from tech industry lobbying groups. Arguing that a fragmented compliance environment is unworkable for developers, industry organizations have actively advocated for a unified federal standard that would preempt state AI laws<ref>BSA | The Software Alliance. (2024). 2025 State AI Wave Building After 700 Bills in 2024. ''BSA News & Events''. <nowiki>https://www.bsa.org/news-events/news/2025-state-ai-wave-building-after-700-bills-in-2024</nowiki></ref>. This creates a volatile sociotechnical dynamic, pitting state legislatures, the primary source of binding regulation in this area, in direct conflict with an industry approach that prioritizes removing local barriers to AI development. ==== '''Regulatory Models and Accountability''' ==== The two regulatory models differ in when they require accountability. The EU treats high-risk AI as a product requiring pre-deployment safety assessment, similar to how medical devices are regulated. The U.S. model has generally required harm to occur before legal action follows. The facial recognition cases are illustrative: Buolamwini's findings were published in 2018, but the most consequential policy responses did not come until after Robert Williams's wrongful arrest became public in 2020. Whether pre-deployment regulation or a reactive civil-rights framework more effectively reduces algorithmic harm is an open question, and one that the case studies in this article do not definitively resolve. == Conclusion == In the future, algorithmic biases will have an increased impact on human activity.<ref name=":3">Garcia, M. (2016, Dec. 1). Racist in the Machine: The Disturbing Implications of Algorithmic Bias. ''World Policy Journal'', 33(4), 111 - 117.</ref> It is clear that unmonitored, unrestrained production and application of algorithms can be detrimental to various groups of people. The ease with which companies and industries can utilize these algorithms creates an environment where inequitable outcomes are perpetuated. Possible avenues for reducing algorithmic biases include legislation, internal auditing, and community adjudication, as well as increased awareness and a culture of responsibility.<ref name=":3" /> Many of these avenues are primarily social and non-technical, which accords with the socio-technical nature of algorithmic bias. The increased prevalence of algorithmic biases is simply one way in which technology is impacting human life in the U.S, and more broadly, the world. Many other novel technologies with seemingly unlimited potential must be examined carefully before their widespread adoption, as failure to do so can result in harmful consequences, which is the case for many applied algorithms today. Finally, further research is recommended on the impact of legislation on algorithmic bias, the impact of algorithmic bias in countries outside the U.S., and new bias-mitigation techniques. == References == {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} fpx7kfxcctz359jyekkb4q8r4rt6ive 3 442343 4633563 4633494 2026-05-02T21:40:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Linking */ Reply 4633563 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> 7tjfazervq67koz8wyexgco8icnhppp 0 454122 4633589 4343740 2026-05-03T02:08:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Making [[WB:Requests for deletion|deletion request]] 4633589 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Rfd|example=false}}</noinclude> {{New book}} <div style="display:block; position:relative; width:800px; margin:auto; clear:both;"> <div style="position:relative; clear:both;"> <div style="float:left; margin:10px; padding:10px;"> <div style="font-size:32pt; line-height:1em; padding-bottom:10px;">'''Bengali–Assamese script'''</div> <div style="text-align:center;">A Comprehensive Guide to Understand a South Asian Script</div> </div> <div style="width:220px; float:right;">[[File:Eastern Nagari script.svg|200px]]</div> </div> <div style="clear:both;"> '''Bengali–Assamese''' (বাংলা–অসমীয়া লিপি) or '''Eastern Nagari''' (পূর্বী নাগরী/পূৰ্বী নাগৰী) is a writing system used to write Bengali, Assamese and Meitei (Manipuri). It is also used by smaller languages like Bishnupriya Manipuri, Chakma, Kamta, Santali etc. The purpose of this book is to understand a writing system used by several languages in Eastern South Asia. While it may not be easy to understand the script, this book attempts to represent the script as simply as possible. <div style="font-size:125%; padding-top: 10px;">'''Contents'''</div> <!----> </div> <div style="width:300px; padding-top:1.5em; padding-left:1em; float:right;"> {{Search box}} </div> [[/Introduction/]]<br/> [[/Bengali alphabet/]]<br/> [[/Assamese alphabet/]]<br/> [[/Ligatures/]]<br/> [[/Numbers/]]<br/> <div style="font-size:125%; padding-top: 10px;">'''Related books'''</div> [[Bengali]]<br/> [[Modern Meitei]]<br/> </div> {{shelves|Languages of Asia}} {{alphabetical|B}} {{status|0%}} skijqbp33c8hlapm31j22wb9skhz2a4 0 463242 4633560 4627547 2026-05-02T20:47:07Z CommonsDelinker 49843 Removing [[:c:File:Rendlesham_Forest_UFO_incident_digital_CCBY_artwork.jpg|Rendlesham_Forest_UFO_incident_digital_CCBY_artwork.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Pi.1415926535|Pi.1415926535]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/F 4633560 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>This AI Art Application and Improvements Handbook is intended to help people create free useful media for the public domain using AI art generators in practice with a focus getting things done in practice at all skill-levels. It informs about notable potential and existing applications and equips the reader with information about how to best implement these specific applications.</big> <!--{{Book search|float=center|style=image|width=700|placeholder=Type your search terms here}}--> == Launching == There are many ways you can use these tools. Main ways include: * You can install Stable Diffusion locally if you have a good graphics card. Whether that is a good idea depends on your hardware and needs. If you do so, [https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/ AUTOMATIC1111 WebUI] is probably the most advanced software to use but alternatives are listed [[AI Art Generation Handbook/List of local AI Art WebUI|here]] and also have benefits. * You can use a web platform like https://perchance.org/ to use it online (on many sites that is possible for free) – see [[AI Art Generation Handbook/List of AI Art Websites|list of AI art websites]] * You can use an extension for an art software like [https://github.com/Acly/krita-ai-diffusion for Krita] or [https://github.com/AbdullahAlfaraj/Auto-Photoshop-StableDiffusion-Plugin for Photoshop] == Prompts == Which prompts work best differs by AI generator. [https://promptomania.com/prompt-builder/ The promptomania prompt builder] is a great place to get started with prompts and to have a cheatsheet of different art styles one could use. It is missing many styles but may become more complete over time and be good enough for learning purposes. Many sites such as openart.ai and playgroundai.com let you see many other filterable/searchable images along with their prompts which you could build upon and learn from. [https://github.com/altryne/awesome-ai-art-image-synthesis Here] is a further comprehensive resource and [https://github.com/Maks-s/sd-akashic here] a list of resources for Stable Diffusion. You can use style studies (selected comprehensive ones: [https://sdxl.parrotzone.art/ 1] [https://www.urania.ai/top-sd-artists 2] [https://proximacentaurib.notion.site/28e037176b58439785ee04af6b0ae4ea?v=d04dc32d95334deca8025371ac778745#GridView 3] [https://stablediffusion.fr/artists 4]) to learn more about which styles you could use and could combine multiple styles. However, which style to use it not the tricky part or necessary to learn, you could just add phrases like "comic style", "3D render", "matte painting" to the prompt. When sites offer pre-made styles they usually just attach several terms to the end of the prompt. Moreover, one can use an AI tool to describe an image that looks roughly like what one intends to show (or parts of it) and then use parts of that in the prompt – e.g. this [https://imageprompt.org/describe-image AI Describe Image] tool. == Misgenerations and creating improved versions == As you can see below there still are some issues with these images. People who have better AI art skills may be able to generate much better images. Usually one may need to do slight manual editing. Moreover, over time these images could be improved by their uploaders or other people using for example tools including: * the [https://clipdrop.co/cleanup the Clipdrop cleanup tool] * edit the image using AI or create a new image with the image as guidance and then combine parts of both in an image editor like GIMP by having the images in separate layers where you cut parts out or erase them to make the layer beneath visible (use the cloning and healing tools to make it look seamless) * inpainting (requires some skills) * AI art web platforms' [# face restoration] * upscaling features * manually editing the images in image editors like GIMP or Photoshop * recreating the image using the same or similar prompts ([[:Commons:File:DALL-E Austronaut Library.png|example]]) * AI text removal tools ([https://www.fotor.com/features/remove-text-from-image/ example]) * … If you can improve an existing image or an image you uploaded earlier on Wikimedia Commons, upload it as a new version, not as a separate new file. If the image has text, it can be removed via the listed ways. However, to prevent text from being anywhere in the image is best to use negative prompts, albeit that can be problematic for example when you'd like to generate a street scene with store texts being visible in the background. This is a good example of a specific skill to learn when generating AI art: creating texts that fit neatly into the image. You need to continuously adjust the prompt until you get good results, sometimes and at some point it is better to just generate a new image from the same prompt rather than adjust the prompt (make sure the seed is set to random and not always the same except if you want to make the image look like the one just generated). You can also generate a new image from the image just generated via img2img and then put it underneath the newly generated image as a layer in GIMP. Then cut out the upper layer to have the former visible at the places where you'd like it to ([[:Commons:File:Robot_chef_cooking_with_spices.png|example]]). === Negative prompt === If you see things in your generated image that you don't want there or anticipate that the AI generator may add them or misunderstand your prompt in certain ways add these as negative prompt terms. Examples of useful negative prompt terms to use when you generate… * humans: <code>extra fingers</code> (TBA) * rooms: <code>picture frame, frames</code> Add more terms as unwanted things show up when you generate to exclude them from the next images. You can also use a result in img2img and try to remove the unwanted parts e.g. by using the prior prompt but an additional negative prompt term if cleanup tools don't remove such well. == Parameters == Some images have their parameters specified. A step count of around 40 often yields best results. Setting the prompt strength too high such as over 10 makes it more difficult to get a good picture. == Differences between generators == Stable Diffusion is open source so that one is recommended and focused on here. However, Midjourney may as of 2023 often generate better images in many cases and DALL-E probably as well in some or many cases. A difference between SD and DALL-E for example is that in SD the prompts are phrased like tags separated by commas, not whole sentences or similar. See [[AI Art Generation Handbook/VCAT/Artist Style|these pages]] for a comparison between software results for the same prompts as well as the style studies linked [[#Prompts|above]]. == Applications where AI art can be useful == === Paleoart of the ancient past === AI art can be used to create realistic-looking scenes that depict the past either how we it may have looked like to the best of our knowledge, for example including high-resolution depictions of extinct ancient organisms. For accuracy, substantial skills are required. For such images, img2img techniques can be used. (Examples have been removed) In the first example parts of the leg were cut out so it looks like the organism is walking through the fern. It may also be possible to use tools like {{w|DreamBoth}} to train AIs on a set of images or even 3D models that depict ancient organisms like a species of dinosaurs. Do not use images in [[:Commons:Category:Inaccurate paleoart]] as a base and add [[:Commons:Template:Factual accuracy]] to any image you know is inaccurate. Note that the generated images could also turn out to be inaccurate even if the base image is thought to be inaccurate where they require that template as well. Good paleo knowledge combined with good AI generation skills may be required to be able to generate or transform base images to realistic paleoart. Most currently available paleoart only depicts the extinct organism (e.g. a dinosaur), but does not place them into an environment of flora and fauna that is theorized to have existed at the same time. Those images that do are usually low resolution. One exception is [[:File:Dineobellator Sergey Krasovskiy.png|this image]] which shows how such scenes could look like. ---- Ancient and archaic humans lived in caves and/or did not have civilizational lifestyle for hundreds of thousands of years. Despite of that, there was not even one high-resolution image in the public domain that depicts how daily life may or is thought to have looked like or could have looked like for most of human existence, or at least none on WMC. This started to change by the emergence of advanced AI image generators in the 2020s, the two images below are two of three in [[:Commons:Category:Ancient and archaic humans in art]] where mere facial reconstructions are not included: <gallery> File:Paleolithic period.png|Base image 1 </gallery> Good anthropological knowledge may be required to be able to create an image that is not clearly inaccurate and likely a realistic depiction. For example, a major flaw is that AI art generators are likely to generate hairstyles that were impossible to highly unlikely in the deep past of pre-humans and ancient humans. See also [[:Commons:Category:Inaccurate paleoart|"Inaccurate paleoart" on WMC]]. Crowd-reviewing systems and practices may evolve that provide feedback so that AI art engineers can modify their images according to best available scientific knowledge. Future developments may enable combination of [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.591813/full paleontological data and tools] and paleoart techniques [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552217v1 with AI] art software to enable more accurate and useful images. For now, if you do not have good anthropological knowledge try to collaborate with somebody who has before putting your image out in the public domain for other people to use. === Caricatures and public characters === In the 2020s it became more easily possible to create artworks using public characters due to the emergence of AI art generators like Stable Diffusion. This * it democratized the creation of caricatures and political art * enabled problematic {{w|online misinformation}} * enabled humorous art using known characters, including fictional characters (prime example: 'Harry Spotter') It works well with some specific public characters without any kind of extra training. Some of these are well-known to be easily generatable in realistic-looking ways such as Vladmir Putin. <gallery> File:Pope Francis in puffy winter jacket.jpg File:Vincent van Gogh in watercolour.png </gallery> One example use-case is to generate a portrait of a person and the background in ways that is linked to that person such as art illustrating scientific theories for scientists or art styles for artists like the Vincent van Gogh image kind of hints at. At the same time it can be a problem to use specific characters in specific environments, for example the generators then generate that person multiple times rather than only once or also make the person show up in picture frames. This may change with future generators where you e.g. can specify where the person is located or how often. Keep that in mind when creating your prompts; there also are many options to solve such issues beyond negative prompts such as cutting the generated person out and placing the person into an image. Others require fine-tuning using tools and techniques like {{w|DreamBooth}}, the first image below is made with Stable Diffusion/Imagine without any kind of extra training and the second used DreamBooth, where the second looks much more realistic regarding {{w|Jimmy Wales}}' face: <gallery> File:Saint_Jimmy_W._(genAI_art).jpg|Humorous societally- and historically- critical art File:Demonstration of DreamBooth AI model fine-tuning for Stable Diffusion using Jimmy Wales training data from Wikimedia Commons.png|After DreamBooth training </gallery> The reasons for why some famous characters do not look realistic with current models without extra training are unknown and that may change over time. It also allowed the creation of videos with public characters: <gallery> File:Vladimir Putin warning Americans on election interference and increasing political divide.webm </gallery> These abilities have scratched the sensitivities of some religious people and worries of political elites regarding democratized political art. And it also enables democratized artistic depictions of historic public characters which can e.g. be used for humorous images, higher-resolution portraits, innovative/creative combinations, or realistic AI art for historical scenes: <gallery> File:Abraham Lincoln using a smartphone (anachronism).jpg|After a prior deletion, ~first digital image showing {{w|anachronism}} in art File:Abraham Lincoln at Air Force One.jpg </gallery> It can also be used to create art depicting people not commonly featured in high-quality art such as specific scientists which are usually not the subject of art and fiction with an exception of e.g. the movies 'The Theory Of Everything' and 'Oppenheimer': <gallery> File:Mukhanov myths Mendeleev.png|Mendeleev </gallery> === Historical scenes === AI art can be used to create realistic-looking scenes that depict the past either how we it may have looked like to the best of our knowledge or how stories depict it. The latter may also include images for imaginary stories of the past, illustrating how imaginaries of past people may have looked like in more visual ways. Whether or not there are still some minor glitches may not matter very much when you're interested in visualizing for example how ordinary daily life experienced by average people may have looked like in high resolution or when creating the first image of some historical events that are in the public domain rather than locked away. Using tools like {{w|DreamBoth}} one can train AIs on a set of images based on a historical figure. Below are some examples which may deviate somewhat from how {{w|Ferdinand II of Naples}} (Ferrandino d'Aragona) looked like at an older age according to the artistic drawing that is the first image here and the second image that was drawn a whole hundred years after he died: <gallery> </gallery> AI art generators usually make people look better so as you can see it may often deviate from existing images of a character. However, if you provide more training hidata or the AI generator is well trained on it (which is sometimes the case for some currently famous people), then the characters may look more realistic. Instead of making the file focus on the character it would be better to focus on the historical event or the historical scene. For example, the image could portray how a village in the Middle Ages may have realistically looked like at high resolution. It can also be used to create high-resolution realistic images of historical figures in realistic or unrealistic settings. <gallery> File:Abraham Lincoln using a smartphone (anachronism).jpg </gallery> As just explained, AI generators still have problems with generating faces and other issues. Please keep that in mind since correcting that can require significant skills and may limit the usefulness or realism of the images. Images can also focus on historical events entirely without any kind of historic character, realistic or not, in the foreground. === Educational games === AI art can be used to generate the images for board games, for example for the cards. These can be educational games or otherwise useful. Note that in such cases you should only generate the image, not full cards because the text for example will be gibberish. <gallery> File:Alice and Sparkle cover.jpg|How educational children's books could be styled </gallery> === Creative play === Children and adults can generate images as a creative activity alone or in a group. For children it can make it possible for them to put their ideas into visual imagery and have fun while nourishing their creativity and imaginative capacities. See [[#Creative children's games and sketches]]. === Objects and topics for which no free media is available === For example it can show how pulp science fiction comics looked like or how what a science fiction subgenre is about or what the styles and themes of it are. It can illustrate how a certain style or object looks like and other things but it requires a disclaimer that the image is AI-generated. One way this can be useful is showing people which media is currently missing but would be useful in terms of the concept. While English Wikipedia allows for fair use images, other Wikipedias don't and even when fair use images are available it doesn't mean an additional free media image can't also be helpful. On nonwikimedia sites or for people just looking for a free-licensed image for whatever purpose, such images can also be useful instead of having to for example buy some image from a stock site or being limited by the available very few images on the subject if there's any at all. === Illustrating contents of books === <gallery> File:Biopunk world of 'The Windup Girl' – megodont in Thailand megacity.png|Illustrating the world of the book 'The Windup Girl' File:Fictional book cover for scifi children's book "13th prophecy" by Valentine Ermatinger (post-apocalyptic AI art).jpg|Children's book "13th prophecy" File:New customer for the "Beloved Brethren Moratorium" (Ubik AI art).jpg|{{w|Ubik}} File:UBIK advertisement.png|Ubik (similar to some covers and depicting a main subject of the book with the text gibberish fixed) </gallery> For the last image, text was removed with a text removal tool as listed above and then added via GIMP. === Styles merged and adopted === <gallery> File:Flammarion Woodcut style draft of galactic art.jpg|Art meant to depict a civilization adopting an old art style in a modern scifi context File:Surrealism - Cold dreamworld halfreality of Ubik; place does not exist - perception of cryogenically stored customer nr 154, day 256.jpg|Beksinski style adopted and merged with other styles to a) illustrate contents of a book and b) depict a surreal broken-reality-type Philip K Dickean dreamworld as a subgenre of surreal art </gallery> === Illustrating technologies, ideas and concepts === Especially useful if no other or only low-quality images are available for the concept <gallery> File:A colonized comet with a long abandoned reception center above underground facility (AI art).jpg|'''First''' illustration of artifacts / colonies on comets in the context of {{w|technosignature}}s File:A pod plane (flying car) recharging at a wind turbine with low costs during excess generation.jpg|Illustration of a technological innovation (could also be used to illustrate prototypes / mock-ups) File:AI golem waiting for tasks and providing advice.jpg|Illustration of a mythological being adopted to modern scifi as done earlier in some studies, AI golem waiting for tasks File:An elbish city on an exoplanet (science fantasy).jpg|Illustration of 'science fantasy' and {{w|arcology}}, among my '''first''' HD illustrations of the genre File:Solarpunk utopia with sustainable transport.jpg|Nearly '''first''' illustration of {{w|Solarpunk}} and sustainable city design illustration File:Overgrown city, post-apocalyptic.jpg|High-resolution illustration of contemporary post-apocalyptic art File:Upstream collection real-time exploitation by alien worker bots in Utah data center.png|Concept of robotic aliens File:Toxic acidic rain in the city, cyberpunk.png|Illustration of the cyberpunk genre, a street scene without e.g. neon lights which are present in most if not all comparable free media depicting the genre File:Post-apocalyptic landscape on an industrial exoplanet (recently collapsed civilization).jpg|Concept of a collapsed civilization on another planet (the being is either a human visitor, could be removed, or a convergent evolution bipedal alien) File:Solarpunk, a positive possible near-future.jpg|Green city urban planning & solarpunk illustration File:Anna's Archive cyberspace library (batch of delivered digital books).jpg|'''First''' online library / shadow library artistic representation File:Robot chef cooking with spices.png|Cooking robot, and slightly humorous, thereby possibly best image for [[:Commons:Category:Cooking robots|Cooking robots]] File:CyberpunkRoboChef (SDXL).jpg|Same but less realistic and more gritty; used in many WP articles File:ClueBot 5.0.jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Technological singularity|'''First''']] illustration of an embodied or metaphorical AI using a computer File:An airgapped offline ClueBot 6.0 proving "stupid" Einstein wrong, writing down theory of everything and a letter to three developers.jpg|Illustration of embodied or metaphorical AI being airgapped and engaging with humanity & human science+philosophy File:Count dracula ai-art.jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Dracula in art|'''First''']] commons illustration of vampire Dracula after an earlier image by the same user was deleted File:Fictional book cover for scifi children's book "13th prophecy" by Valentine Ermatinger (post-apocalyptic).jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Post-apocalyptic art|Almost '''first''']] commons illustration of the post-apocalyptic art scifi genre File:Burned city.jpg|(same) </gallery> === Entertainment and creative thinking === === Creative children's games and sketches === ;Pro imagination creative AI art [https://www.kialo.com/children-could-make-drawings-then-use-these-drawings-as-image-input-for-img2img-generation-describing-what-the-image-is-57196.211 kids game] Children could make drawings, then use these drawings as image input for img2img generation, describing what the image is intended to show. The child's description is then used for the prompt that is added to the sketch input. This may enable children to build up their creativity and imaginative skills. There could be an app for that where voice input is possible or adults could help kids where the kids first make the sketch and the adult takes a photo and asks what it's supposed to show so that the AI art generates images which the child can refine and use as inspiration for further images, for modifications to the image and feedback and so on. It reduces the level of cognitive and technical minimum skills required for artistic engagement enabling novel ways of imaginative play, especially for children. === As part of games === Beyond [[#Educational games|more accessible card art design and similar applications]], the AI art generation itself could be part of games. These are simply entertaining and could also raise skills of AI art generation. ;Sketch Wars Multiple (e.g. two) players take turns at generating an AI art image by altering the prompt or writing a new prompt. The starting player draws a scene, a being, or something similar. The second tries to generate an image where what is depicted is turned on its head or is changed in another specified way such as being destroyed or successfully defeated. One can either take turns and the first image where the specified intention was achieved wins that round or the second player could have multiple tries with the best outcome being a successful image at first try. This works best when the prompt is only changed and not completely replaced so that the object is similar, one may also specify the seed to remain the same. ;Concept Guessing Similar to the word guessing game Taboo, people must create an image that enables others to quickly correctly guess the concept they are trying to depict. Multiple specified terms can't be used in the prompt. Only e.g. three tries are allowed for the image and the concepts aren't as simple as "tree" but relatively difficult to visualize. == Known problems and current state of avoiding them == There are many ways known problems could get identified and fixed or mitigated. These include: * Updates to the AI txt2txt image generator software * Models specifically tuned for specific purposes, especially Stable Diffusion ones since that software is open source; see [https://civitai.com/models Citivai Models] * [[#Misgenerations and creating improved versions|Manual improvements]] during prompting or via inpainting, img2img, and image editor software <gallery> File:'Not exactly what I meant with nuclear mushroom, but I'll take it' (Stable Diffusion misgeneration).png|Often models make basic conceptual misunderstandings such as intermingling fungi with nuclear mushroom clouds when prompting 'nuclear mushroom' File:DALL·E - Rhinoceros wearing a business suit , pondering at masterpiece oil painting while standing inside art museum.png|Putting the prompted things into a picture frame and/or interchanging contents of an image File:Gare au Gorille (chatGPT 4.0 et Dall-E 3.0).jpg|Creating the same person multiple times File:Humanoid robot and woman retrieve infomation - includes a visible typical error of recent AI generated pictures.png|Screwed-up hands, duplicate limbs, and unrealistic device screens </gallery> Whether or not and which of such problems will persist is unknown and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. At one point it may be possible to for example use Wikidata items instead of words. For example [https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01618 there is work] on user-provided concepts (like an object or a style) learned from few images so that these concepts (e.g. objects or styles) can be incorporated via the newly associated word/s. == See also == * [[AI Art Generation Handbook]] {{shelves|Visual arts|Computer art}} {{status|50%}} cvxo8d6taa3q8p1mbj3vvk5wzs669dw 4633562 4633560 2026-05-02T21:10:24Z CommonsDelinker 49843 Removing [[:c:File:Mukhanov_myths_Mendeleev.png|Mukhanov_myths_Mendeleev.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Pi.1415926535|Pi.1415926535]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Mukhanov myths Mendeleev.png|]]. 4633562 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>This AI Art Application and Improvements Handbook is intended to help people create free useful media for the public domain using AI art generators in practice with a focus getting things done in practice at all skill-levels. It informs about notable potential and existing applications and equips the reader with information about how to best implement these specific applications.</big> <!--{{Book search|float=center|style=image|width=700|placeholder=Type your search terms here}}--> == Launching == There are many ways you can use these tools. Main ways include: * You can install Stable Diffusion locally if you have a good graphics card. Whether that is a good idea depends on your hardware and needs. If you do so, [https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/ AUTOMATIC1111 WebUI] is probably the most advanced software to use but alternatives are listed [[AI Art Generation Handbook/List of local AI Art WebUI|here]] and also have benefits. * You can use a web platform like https://perchance.org/ to use it online (on many sites that is possible for free) – see [[AI Art Generation Handbook/List of AI Art Websites|list of AI art websites]] * You can use an extension for an art software like [https://github.com/Acly/krita-ai-diffusion for Krita] or [https://github.com/AbdullahAlfaraj/Auto-Photoshop-StableDiffusion-Plugin for Photoshop] == Prompts == Which prompts work best differs by AI generator. [https://promptomania.com/prompt-builder/ The promptomania prompt builder] is a great place to get started with prompts and to have a cheatsheet of different art styles one could use. It is missing many styles but may become more complete over time and be good enough for learning purposes. Many sites such as openart.ai and playgroundai.com let you see many other filterable/searchable images along with their prompts which you could build upon and learn from. [https://github.com/altryne/awesome-ai-art-image-synthesis Here] is a further comprehensive resource and [https://github.com/Maks-s/sd-akashic here] a list of resources for Stable Diffusion. You can use style studies (selected comprehensive ones: [https://sdxl.parrotzone.art/ 1] [https://www.urania.ai/top-sd-artists 2] [https://proximacentaurib.notion.site/28e037176b58439785ee04af6b0ae4ea?v=d04dc32d95334deca8025371ac778745#GridView 3] [https://stablediffusion.fr/artists 4]) to learn more about which styles you could use and could combine multiple styles. However, which style to use it not the tricky part or necessary to learn, you could just add phrases like "comic style", "3D render", "matte painting" to the prompt. When sites offer pre-made styles they usually just attach several terms to the end of the prompt. Moreover, one can use an AI tool to describe an image that looks roughly like what one intends to show (or parts of it) and then use parts of that in the prompt – e.g. this [https://imageprompt.org/describe-image AI Describe Image] tool. == Misgenerations and creating improved versions == As you can see below there still are some issues with these images. People who have better AI art skills may be able to generate much better images. Usually one may need to do slight manual editing. Moreover, over time these images could be improved by their uploaders or other people using for example tools including: * the [https://clipdrop.co/cleanup the Clipdrop cleanup tool] * edit the image using AI or create a new image with the image as guidance and then combine parts of both in an image editor like GIMP by having the images in separate layers where you cut parts out or erase them to make the layer beneath visible (use the cloning and healing tools to make it look seamless) * inpainting (requires some skills) * AI art web platforms' [# face restoration] * upscaling features * manually editing the images in image editors like GIMP or Photoshop * recreating the image using the same or similar prompts ([[:Commons:File:DALL-E Austronaut Library.png|example]]) * AI text removal tools ([https://www.fotor.com/features/remove-text-from-image/ example]) * … If you can improve an existing image or an image you uploaded earlier on Wikimedia Commons, upload it as a new version, not as a separate new file. If the image has text, it can be removed via the listed ways. However, to prevent text from being anywhere in the image is best to use negative prompts, albeit that can be problematic for example when you'd like to generate a street scene with store texts being visible in the background. This is a good example of a specific skill to learn when generating AI art: creating texts that fit neatly into the image. You need to continuously adjust the prompt until you get good results, sometimes and at some point it is better to just generate a new image from the same prompt rather than adjust the prompt (make sure the seed is set to random and not always the same except if you want to make the image look like the one just generated). You can also generate a new image from the image just generated via img2img and then put it underneath the newly generated image as a layer in GIMP. Then cut out the upper layer to have the former visible at the places where you'd like it to ([[:Commons:File:Robot_chef_cooking_with_spices.png|example]]). === Negative prompt === If you see things in your generated image that you don't want there or anticipate that the AI generator may add them or misunderstand your prompt in certain ways add these as negative prompt terms. Examples of useful negative prompt terms to use when you generate… * humans: <code>extra fingers</code> (TBA) * rooms: <code>picture frame, frames</code> Add more terms as unwanted things show up when you generate to exclude them from the next images. You can also use a result in img2img and try to remove the unwanted parts e.g. by using the prior prompt but an additional negative prompt term if cleanup tools don't remove such well. == Parameters == Some images have their parameters specified. A step count of around 40 often yields best results. Setting the prompt strength too high such as over 10 makes it more difficult to get a good picture. == Differences between generators == Stable Diffusion is open source so that one is recommended and focused on here. However, Midjourney may as of 2023 often generate better images in many cases and DALL-E probably as well in some or many cases. A difference between SD and DALL-E for example is that in SD the prompts are phrased like tags separated by commas, not whole sentences or similar. See [[AI Art Generation Handbook/VCAT/Artist Style|these pages]] for a comparison between software results for the same prompts as well as the style studies linked [[#Prompts|above]]. == Applications where AI art can be useful == === Paleoart of the ancient past === AI art can be used to create realistic-looking scenes that depict the past either how we it may have looked like to the best of our knowledge, for example including high-resolution depictions of extinct ancient organisms. For accuracy, substantial skills are required. For such images, img2img techniques can be used. (Examples have been removed) In the first example parts of the leg were cut out so it looks like the organism is walking through the fern. It may also be possible to use tools like {{w|DreamBoth}} to train AIs on a set of images or even 3D models that depict ancient organisms like a species of dinosaurs. Do not use images in [[:Commons:Category:Inaccurate paleoart]] as a base and add [[:Commons:Template:Factual accuracy]] to any image you know is inaccurate. Note that the generated images could also turn out to be inaccurate even if the base image is thought to be inaccurate where they require that template as well. Good paleo knowledge combined with good AI generation skills may be required to be able to generate or transform base images to realistic paleoart. Most currently available paleoart only depicts the extinct organism (e.g. a dinosaur), but does not place them into an environment of flora and fauna that is theorized to have existed at the same time. Those images that do are usually low resolution. One exception is [[:File:Dineobellator Sergey Krasovskiy.png|this image]] which shows how such scenes could look like. ---- Ancient and archaic humans lived in caves and/or did not have civilizational lifestyle for hundreds of thousands of years. Despite of that, there was not even one high-resolution image in the public domain that depicts how daily life may or is thought to have looked like or could have looked like for most of human existence, or at least none on WMC. This started to change by the emergence of advanced AI image generators in the 2020s, the two images below are two of three in [[:Commons:Category:Ancient and archaic humans in art]] where mere facial reconstructions are not included: <gallery> File:Paleolithic period.png|Base image 1 </gallery> Good anthropological knowledge may be required to be able to create an image that is not clearly inaccurate and likely a realistic depiction. For example, a major flaw is that AI art generators are likely to generate hairstyles that were impossible to highly unlikely in the deep past of pre-humans and ancient humans. See also [[:Commons:Category:Inaccurate paleoart|"Inaccurate paleoart" on WMC]]. Crowd-reviewing systems and practices may evolve that provide feedback so that AI art engineers can modify their images according to best available scientific knowledge. Future developments may enable combination of [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.591813/full paleontological data and tools] and paleoart techniques [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552217v1 with AI] art software to enable more accurate and useful images. For now, if you do not have good anthropological knowledge try to collaborate with somebody who has before putting your image out in the public domain for other people to use. === Caricatures and public characters === In the 2020s it became more easily possible to create artworks using public characters due to the emergence of AI art generators like Stable Diffusion. This * it democratized the creation of caricatures and political art * enabled problematic {{w|online misinformation}} * enabled humorous art using known characters, including fictional characters (prime example: 'Harry Spotter') It works well with some specific public characters without any kind of extra training. Some of these are well-known to be easily generatable in realistic-looking ways such as Vladmir Putin. <gallery> File:Pope Francis in puffy winter jacket.jpg File:Vincent van Gogh in watercolour.png </gallery> One example use-case is to generate a portrait of a person and the background in ways that is linked to that person such as art illustrating scientific theories for scientists or art styles for artists like the Vincent van Gogh image kind of hints at. At the same time it can be a problem to use specific characters in specific environments, for example the generators then generate that person multiple times rather than only once or also make the person show up in picture frames. This may change with future generators where you e.g. can specify where the person is located or how often. Keep that in mind when creating your prompts; there also are many options to solve such issues beyond negative prompts such as cutting the generated person out and placing the person into an image. Others require fine-tuning using tools and techniques like {{w|DreamBooth}}, the first image below is made with Stable Diffusion/Imagine without any kind of extra training and the second used DreamBooth, where the second looks much more realistic regarding {{w|Jimmy Wales}}' face: <gallery> File:Saint_Jimmy_W._(genAI_art).jpg|Humorous societally- and historically- critical art File:Demonstration of DreamBooth AI model fine-tuning for Stable Diffusion using Jimmy Wales training data from Wikimedia Commons.png|After DreamBooth training </gallery> The reasons for why some famous characters do not look realistic with current models without extra training are unknown and that may change over time. It also allowed the creation of videos with public characters: <gallery> File:Vladimir Putin warning Americans on election interference and increasing political divide.webm </gallery> These abilities have scratched the sensitivities of some religious people and worries of political elites regarding democratized political art. And it also enables democratized artistic depictions of historic public characters which can e.g. be used for humorous images, higher-resolution portraits, innovative/creative combinations, or realistic AI art for historical scenes: <gallery> File:Abraham Lincoln using a smartphone (anachronism).jpg|After a prior deletion, ~first digital image showing {{w|anachronism}} in art File:Abraham Lincoln at Air Force One.jpg </gallery> It can also be used to create art depicting people not commonly featured in high-quality art such as specific scientists which are usually not the subject of art and fiction with an exception of e.g. the movies 'The Theory Of Everything' and 'Oppenheimer': <gallery> </gallery> === Historical scenes === AI art can be used to create realistic-looking scenes that depict the past either how we it may have looked like to the best of our knowledge or how stories depict it. The latter may also include images for imaginary stories of the past, illustrating how imaginaries of past people may have looked like in more visual ways. Whether or not there are still some minor glitches may not matter very much when you're interested in visualizing for example how ordinary daily life experienced by average people may have looked like in high resolution or when creating the first image of some historical events that are in the public domain rather than locked away. Using tools like {{w|DreamBoth}} one can train AIs on a set of images based on a historical figure. Below are some examples which may deviate somewhat from how {{w|Ferdinand II of Naples}} (Ferrandino d'Aragona) looked like at an older age according to the artistic drawing that is the first image here and the second image that was drawn a whole hundred years after he died: <gallery> </gallery> AI art generators usually make people look better so as you can see it may often deviate from existing images of a character. However, if you provide more training hidata or the AI generator is well trained on it (which is sometimes the case for some currently famous people), then the characters may look more realistic. Instead of making the file focus on the character it would be better to focus on the historical event or the historical scene. For example, the image could portray how a village in the Middle Ages may have realistically looked like at high resolution. It can also be used to create high-resolution realistic images of historical figures in realistic or unrealistic settings. <gallery> File:Abraham Lincoln using a smartphone (anachronism).jpg </gallery> As just explained, AI generators still have problems with generating faces and other issues. Please keep that in mind since correcting that can require significant skills and may limit the usefulness or realism of the images. Images can also focus on historical events entirely without any kind of historic character, realistic or not, in the foreground. === Educational games === AI art can be used to generate the images for board games, for example for the cards. These can be educational games or otherwise useful. Note that in such cases you should only generate the image, not full cards because the text for example will be gibberish. <gallery> File:Alice and Sparkle cover.jpg|How educational children's books could be styled </gallery> === Creative play === Children and adults can generate images as a creative activity alone or in a group. For children it can make it possible for them to put their ideas into visual imagery and have fun while nourishing their creativity and imaginative capacities. See [[#Creative children's games and sketches]]. === Objects and topics for which no free media is available === For example it can show how pulp science fiction comics looked like or how what a science fiction subgenre is about or what the styles and themes of it are. It can illustrate how a certain style or object looks like and other things but it requires a disclaimer that the image is AI-generated. One way this can be useful is showing people which media is currently missing but would be useful in terms of the concept. While English Wikipedia allows for fair use images, other Wikipedias don't and even when fair use images are available it doesn't mean an additional free media image can't also be helpful. On nonwikimedia sites or for people just looking for a free-licensed image for whatever purpose, such images can also be useful instead of having to for example buy some image from a stock site or being limited by the available very few images on the subject if there's any at all. === Illustrating contents of books === <gallery> File:Biopunk world of 'The Windup Girl' – megodont in Thailand megacity.png|Illustrating the world of the book 'The Windup Girl' File:Fictional book cover for scifi children's book "13th prophecy" by Valentine Ermatinger (post-apocalyptic AI art).jpg|Children's book "13th prophecy" File:New customer for the "Beloved Brethren Moratorium" (Ubik AI art).jpg|{{w|Ubik}} File:UBIK advertisement.png|Ubik (similar to some covers and depicting a main subject of the book with the text gibberish fixed) </gallery> For the last image, text was removed with a text removal tool as listed above and then added via GIMP. === Styles merged and adopted === <gallery> File:Flammarion Woodcut style draft of galactic art.jpg|Art meant to depict a civilization adopting an old art style in a modern scifi context File:Surrealism - Cold dreamworld halfreality of Ubik; place does not exist - perception of cryogenically stored customer nr 154, day 256.jpg|Beksinski style adopted and merged with other styles to a) illustrate contents of a book and b) depict a surreal broken-reality-type Philip K Dickean dreamworld as a subgenre of surreal art </gallery> === Illustrating technologies, ideas and concepts === Especially useful if no other or only low-quality images are available for the concept <gallery> File:A colonized comet with a long abandoned reception center above underground facility (AI art).jpg|'''First''' illustration of artifacts / colonies on comets in the context of {{w|technosignature}}s File:A pod plane (flying car) recharging at a wind turbine with low costs during excess generation.jpg|Illustration of a technological innovation (could also be used to illustrate prototypes / mock-ups) File:AI golem waiting for tasks and providing advice.jpg|Illustration of a mythological being adopted to modern scifi as done earlier in some studies, AI golem waiting for tasks File:An elbish city on an exoplanet (science fantasy).jpg|Illustration of 'science fantasy' and {{w|arcology}}, among my '''first''' HD illustrations of the genre File:Solarpunk utopia with sustainable transport.jpg|Nearly '''first''' illustration of {{w|Solarpunk}} and sustainable city design illustration File:Overgrown city, post-apocalyptic.jpg|High-resolution illustration of contemporary post-apocalyptic art File:Upstream collection real-time exploitation by alien worker bots in Utah data center.png|Concept of robotic aliens File:Toxic acidic rain in the city, cyberpunk.png|Illustration of the cyberpunk genre, a street scene without e.g. neon lights which are present in most if not all comparable free media depicting the genre File:Post-apocalyptic landscape on an industrial exoplanet (recently collapsed civilization).jpg|Concept of a collapsed civilization on another planet (the being is either a human visitor, could be removed, or a convergent evolution bipedal alien) File:Solarpunk, a positive possible near-future.jpg|Green city urban planning & solarpunk illustration File:Anna's Archive cyberspace library (batch of delivered digital books).jpg|'''First''' online library / shadow library artistic representation File:Robot chef cooking with spices.png|Cooking robot, and slightly humorous, thereby possibly best image for [[:Commons:Category:Cooking robots|Cooking robots]] File:CyberpunkRoboChef (SDXL).jpg|Same but less realistic and more gritty; used in many WP articles File:ClueBot 5.0.jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Technological singularity|'''First''']] illustration of an embodied or metaphorical AI using a computer File:An airgapped offline ClueBot 6.0 proving "stupid" Einstein wrong, writing down theory of everything and a letter to three developers.jpg|Illustration of embodied or metaphorical AI being airgapped and engaging with humanity & human science+philosophy File:Count dracula ai-art.jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Dracula in art|'''First''']] commons illustration of vampire Dracula after an earlier image by the same user was deleted File:Fictional book cover for scifi children's book "13th prophecy" by Valentine Ermatinger (post-apocalyptic).jpg|[[:Commons:Category:Post-apocalyptic art|Almost '''first''']] commons illustration of the post-apocalyptic art scifi genre File:Burned city.jpg|(same) </gallery> === Entertainment and creative thinking === === Creative children's games and sketches === ;Pro imagination creative AI art [https://www.kialo.com/children-could-make-drawings-then-use-these-drawings-as-image-input-for-img2img-generation-describing-what-the-image-is-57196.211 kids game] Children could make drawings, then use these drawings as image input for img2img generation, describing what the image is intended to show. The child's description is then used for the prompt that is added to the sketch input. This may enable children to build up their creativity and imaginative skills. There could be an app for that where voice input is possible or adults could help kids where the kids first make the sketch and the adult takes a photo and asks what it's supposed to show so that the AI art generates images which the child can refine and use as inspiration for further images, for modifications to the image and feedback and so on. It reduces the level of cognitive and technical minimum skills required for artistic engagement enabling novel ways of imaginative play, especially for children. === As part of games === Beyond [[#Educational games|more accessible card art design and similar applications]], the AI art generation itself could be part of games. These are simply entertaining and could also raise skills of AI art generation. ;Sketch Wars Multiple (e.g. two) players take turns at generating an AI art image by altering the prompt or writing a new prompt. The starting player draws a scene, a being, or something similar. The second tries to generate an image where what is depicted is turned on its head or is changed in another specified way such as being destroyed or successfully defeated. One can either take turns and the first image where the specified intention was achieved wins that round or the second player could have multiple tries with the best outcome being a successful image at first try. This works best when the prompt is only changed and not completely replaced so that the object is similar, one may also specify the seed to remain the same. ;Concept Guessing Similar to the word guessing game Taboo, people must create an image that enables others to quickly correctly guess the concept they are trying to depict. Multiple specified terms can't be used in the prompt. Only e.g. three tries are allowed for the image and the concepts aren't as simple as "tree" but relatively difficult to visualize. == Known problems and current state of avoiding them == There are many ways known problems could get identified and fixed or mitigated. These include: * Updates to the AI txt2txt image generator software * Models specifically tuned for specific purposes, especially Stable Diffusion ones since that software is open source; see [https://civitai.com/models Citivai Models] * [[#Misgenerations and creating improved versions|Manual improvements]] during prompting or via inpainting, img2img, and image editor software <gallery> File:'Not exactly what I meant with nuclear mushroom, but I'll take it' (Stable Diffusion misgeneration).png|Often models make basic conceptual misunderstandings such as intermingling fungi with nuclear mushroom clouds when prompting 'nuclear mushroom' File:DALL·E - Rhinoceros wearing a business suit , pondering at masterpiece oil painting while standing inside art museum.png|Putting the prompted things into a picture frame and/or interchanging contents of an image File:Gare au Gorille (chatGPT 4.0 et Dall-E 3.0).jpg|Creating the same person multiple times File:Humanoid robot and woman retrieve infomation - includes a visible typical error of recent AI generated pictures.png|Screwed-up hands, duplicate limbs, and unrealistic device screens </gallery> Whether or not and which of such problems will persist is unknown and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. At one point it may be possible to for example use Wikidata items instead of words. For example [https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01618 there is work] on user-provided concepts (like an object or a style) learned from few images so that these concepts (e.g. objects or styles) can be incorporated via the newly associated word/s. == See also == * [[AI Art Generation Handbook]] {{shelves|Visual arts|Computer art}} {{status|50%}} jtog5l517678535sjv3g9ncnvdw1tb2 0 471034 4633592 4452844 2026-05-03T02:13:53Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 4633592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=specific formatting issues}}__NOTOC__ {{Split}} {{new book}} == NOTABILITY: Diplomatic Relations: History, Theory, and Practice in the Modern Foreign Service Consulates and the Diplomatic Missions == === Case Studies and International Research on: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === === Description === This book provides an in-depth exploration of the principles, history, and practices of diplomatic relations. It focuses particularly on the contributions and case studies of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) and the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). The book aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for diplomatic students, grass-root Career Diplomats and international relations professionals interested in diplomacy, international relations, and consular services. {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#f0f8ff; border:1px solid #4682b4; width:100%;" |- ! style="background-color:#4682b4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Table of Contents |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff; width:5%;" | **1.** | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | **Introduction** * Definition of Diplomatic Relations |- | style="background-color:#fafad2; width:5%;" | **2.** | style="background-color:#fafad2;" | **Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU)** * Definition of Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU * Importance in International Affairs according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5; width:5%;" | **3.** | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" | **Historical Overview of Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU** * Early Diplomacy * Evolution of Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU * Key Milestones in Diplomatic History according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffe4e1; width:5%;" | **4.** | style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | **Theoretical Foundations according to CDSU** * Realism and Diplomacy * Liberalism and Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU * Constructivist Perspectives on Diplomacy according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#e6e6fa; width:5%;" | **5.** | style="background-color:#e6e6fa;" | **Diplomatic Institutions and Structures according to CDSU** * Foreign Ministries * What are Embassies and Consulates according to CDSU? * Multilateral Diplomatic Institutions according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#f5deb3; width:5%;" | **6.** | style="background-color:#f5deb3;" | **Case Study: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU)** * Origins and Development * Mission and Objectives of CDSU * Key Achievements and Contributions of the University * Academic Programs and Training Modules of CDSU |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff; width:5%;" | **7.** | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | **Case Study: African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) according to CDSU** * Formation and Historical Context * Structure and Functions of ADO * Major Initiatives and Programs of ADO * Impact on African Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#fafad2; width:5%;" | **8.** | style="background-color:#fafad2;" | **Contemporary Issues in Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU** * Digital Diplomacy * Economic Diplomacy according to CDSU * Environmental Diplomacy according to CDSU * Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5; width:5%;" | **9.** | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" | **Influential Authors and Studies in Diplomatic Relations** * Key Theorists and Practitioners * Landmark Publications * Current Research Trends |} === Areas of Concern === This book is designed for students of diplomacy, international relations, and consular services. It is particularly relevant for those studying at the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) and professionals working within the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). The content addresses various aspects of diplomatic theory and practice, historical developments, and contemporary issues in diplomacy. === Introduction === ==== Definition of Diplomatic Relations ==== Renowned scholars and professors from Harvard University and Oxford University have extensively researched and published their works on international organizations such as the United Nations, the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO), formerly known as the African Union Youth Assembly (AUYA), and the esteemed Consular & Diplomatic Services University (CDSU). These studies cover various aspects of diplomacy, consular services, international relations, and the functions of diplomatic missions and embassies. ==== Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== In the advancement and promotion of Diplomatic Relations and Foreign Service activities, the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) was founded in 2015 as a premier Foreign Service Institute in Africa by the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) to train Career Diplomats, Emerging Leaders, and young Diplomats. The University was initially affiliated with the United Nations University (UNU) and gained its autonomy under the Continental Treaty of the AUYA General Assembly.<ref>[https://www.adohq.org/cdsu-foreign-service-university Biography of CDSU the Diplomatic University]</ref> ==== Definition of Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomatic relations refer to the formal interactions between sovereign states and international organizations, encompassing negotiations, treaties, and diplomatic communication to manage international affairs and foster mutual cooperation. ==== Importance in International Affairs according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, studies from the Diplomatic students explain that diplomatic relations are crucial for maintaining global peace, security, and economic stability. They facilitate cooperation on issues such as trade, human rights, environmental protection, and conflict resolution. === Historical Overview of Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Early Diplomacy ==== According to CDSU, diplomacy dates back to ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, where envoys were sent to negotiate treaties and alliances. ==== Evolution of Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, over centuries, diplomatic practices evolved, with the establishment of permanent embassies in the Renaissance era marking a significant shift. The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) and the formation of the League of Nations (1919) further shaped modern diplomacy. ==== Key Milestones in Diplomatic History according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== * The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) * The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) * The establishment of the United Nations (1945) * The Helsinki Accords (1975) * The establishment of the World Diplomatic Organization (WDO) and the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) in 2015 * The emergence of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) in 2015 === Theoretical Foundations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Realism and Diplomacy ==== According to CDSU, realism emphasizes the pursuit of national interest and power politics. Diplomats, in this view, negotiate to maximize their country's advantage in an anarchic international system. ==== Liberalism and Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, liberalism focuses on cooperation and international institutions. It underscores the role of diplomacy in creating frameworks for peace and collaboration through organizations like the United Nations. ==== Constructivist Perspectives on Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, constructivism examines how international relations are socially constructed through ideas, norms, and identities. Diplomacy is seen as a process of constructing shared meanings and social realities. === Diplomatic Institutions and Structures according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Foreign Ministries ==== According to CDSU, foreign ministries manage a country's external relations, coordinate diplomatic activities, and represent the government in international forums. ==== Whats are Embassies and Consulates according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University's studies? ==== According to CDSU, embassies serve as the main diplomatic representation in foreign countries, handling political, economic, and cultural relations. Consulates provide consular services like visa issuance and assistance to nationals abroad. ==== Multilateral Diplomatic Institutions according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, organizations like the United Nations, NATO, and the African Union facilitate collective decision-making and international cooperation. === Case Study: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Origins and Development ==== Established in 2015 under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2250, the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) was founded to enhance diplomatic training and academic collaboration within the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). ==== Mission and Objectives of CDSU ==== CDSU aims to train future diplomats and leaders through rigorous academic programs and practical training modules, promoting peace, security, and international cooperation. ==== Key Achievements and Contributions of the University ==== * Hosting international diplomatic training sessions * Collaboration with global institutions like the United Nations, governments, and diplomatic missions * Developing innovative diplomatic curricula ==== Academic Programs and Training Modules of CDSU ==== * B.Sc Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette * Consular Affairs & Foreign Diplomacy * Diplomatic Administration & Practices * Diplomatic Privileges & Immunities Management * International Relations & Negotiations ==== Notable and Historic who held the position of Vice Chancellors at CDSU ==== {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#f5f5f5; border:2px solid #2f4f4f; width:100%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | # ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | Full Name ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | Nationality ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | Country ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | Year Took Office ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" | Year Left Office |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | 1 | Amb. Jailes Bruce | American | [[File:Flag of United States.svg|20px]] | 9 December 2015 | 20 June 2017 |- | style="background-color:#fafad2;" | 2 | Amb. Jessica Miller | British | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] | 20 June 2017 | 30 March 2019 |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" | 3 | Amb. Emile A. S Mensah | Ghanaian | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|20px]] | 30 March 2019 | 5 August 2022 |- | style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | 4 | Amb. Emily Milla-Amekor | Ghanaian | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|20px]] | 5 August 2022 | Present |} === Case Study: African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Formation and Historical Context ==== The African Diplomatic Organization (ADO), formerly the African Union Youth Assembly (AUYA), was established to enhance diplomatic engagement and youth participation in governance across Africa. ==== Structure and Functions of ADO ==== According to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU), the ADO comprises a General Assembly, an Executive Council, and various specialized committees. It works to foster diplomatic relations and address regional issues. ==== Major Initiatives and Programs of ADO ==== * Youth leadership and empowerment programs * Peace and security initiatives * Economic development projects ==== Impact on African Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU), the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) has played a crucial role in mediating conflicts, promoting regional integration, and advocating for African interests on the global stage. === Contemporary Issues in Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Digital Diplomacy ==== According CDSU, the use of digital platforms for diplomatic communication and public engagement is transforming traditional diplomacy. ==== Economic Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, economic diplomacy focuses on promoting national economic interests abroad through trade agreements, investment promotion, and economic cooperation. ==== Environmental Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomats work to address global environmental challenges, negotiate international agreements, and promote sustainable development. ==== Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomacy is essential in resolving conflicts, negotiating peace agreements, and supporting post-conflict reconstruction efforts. === Influential Authors and Studies in Diplomatic Relations === ==== Key Theorists and Practitioners ==== * Henry Kissinger: Diplomacy. * Hans Morgenthau: Politics Among Nations. * Joseph Nye: Soft Power ==== Landmark Publications ==== * "The Anarchical Society" by Hedley Bull * "After Hegemony" by Robert Keohane * "The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" by John Mearsheimer ==== Current Research Trends ==== * The impact of technology on diplomacy * The role of non-state actors in international relations * The dynamics of global power shifts === Conclusion === ==== The Future of Diplomatic Relations ==== As the global landscape evolves, diplomacy will face new challenges and opportunities. Emerging trends like multipolarity, climate change, and technological advancements will shape the future of diplomatic practices. ==== Emerging Trends and Challenges ==== * The rise of new global powers * The need for inclusive and representative diplomacy * Adapting to technological advancements in communication and data analysis === References and Further Reading === ==== Annotated Bibliography of Relevant Works ==== * Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy * Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations * Nye, Joseph. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics ==== Suggested Further Reading ==== * "The Anarchical Society" by Hedley Bull * "After Hegemony" by Robert Keohane * "The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" by John Mearsheimer {{status|100%}} {{BookCat|Diplomacy}} k0is60vrydlzwtk78ls25xx60kaxsyf 2 471107 4633528 4633404 2026-05-02T15:49:17Z JJPMaster (bot) 3488561 Bot: Updating markAdmins data 4633528 json application/json { ".snoopy.": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "1234qwer1234qwer4": [ "editor", "steward" ], "157yagz5r48a5f1a1f": [ "editor" ], "1997kB": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "editor" ], "1F616EMO": [ "global-renamer" ], "1exec1": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "1sfoerster": [ "editor" ], "20041027 tatsu": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "2005-Fan": [ "transwiki", "editor", "uploader" ], "331dot": [ "global-renamer" ], "33rogers": [ "editor" ], "4PlayerChess": [ "autoreview" ], "4pillars": [ "editor" ], "511KeV": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "94rain": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "A R King": [ "editor" ], "A Sulaiman Z": [ "editor" ], "A.K.Karthikeyan": [ "editor" ], "A09": [ "steward" ], "AFBorchert": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "AIProf": [ "editor" ], "ALittleSlow": [ "autoreview" ], "AManWithNoPlan": [ "editor" ], "ATannedBurger": [ "global-renamer" ], "AVRS": [ "editor" ], "Aafi": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Abenwagner": [ "editor" ], "Abigor": [ "editor" ], "Abitt002": [ "editor" ], "Abyssal": [ "editor" ], "Acagastya": [ "autoreview" ], "Acalamari": [ "global-renamer" ], "Acarologiste": [ "editor" ], "AcidBat": [ "editor" ], "Acrow005": [ "editor" ], "Actualist": [ "editor" ], "Adalvis": [ "editor" ], "Adart001": [ "editor" ], "Adavyd": [ "global-renamer" ], "Addihockey10": [ "editor" ], "Addihockey10 (automated)": [ "editor" ], "Adrignola": [ "editor" ], "AdventureWriter": [ "editor" ], "Aferg006": [ "editor" ], "Afett001": [ "editor" ], "Affe2011": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Agnerf": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Agpires": [ "editor" ], "Agricola": [ "editor" ], "Agusbou2015": [ "editor" ], "Ah3kal": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Ahecht": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Ahonc": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "AiClassEland": [ "editor" ], "Ainz Ooal Gown": [ "editor" ], "Airpmb": [ "editor" ], "Ajraddatz": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Aka": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Alanah.97": [ "autoreview" ], "Albertoleoncio": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Albmont": [ "editor" ], "Aldnonymous": [ "editor" ], "Aledownload": [ "editor" ], "Alexlatham96": [ "editor" ], "Alextejthompson": [ "editor" ], "Alison": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "AllenZh": [ "editor" ], "Alphama": [ "global-renamer" ], "AlvaroMolina": [ "editor" ], "AmandaNP": [ "steward" ], "Ambrevar": [ "editor" ], "Amcgail": [ "editor" ], "Ameisenigel": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "ombuds", "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "AmieKim": [ "editor" ], "Amire80": [ "global-sysop" ], "Anachronist": [ "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Ancient9983": [ "editor" ], "Andrei Stroe": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Andrew janke": [ "editor" ], "Andriy.v": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Andyross": [ "editor" ], "Anil Shaligram": [ "editor" ], "Animajosser": [ "editor" ], "Anne Correia": [ "editor" ], "Anonim Şahıs": [ "editor" ], "Anonymity": [ "editor" ], "AnotherEditor144": [ "autoreview" ], "Antanana": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Antandrus": [ "editor" ], "Anthere": [ "editor" ], "AntiCompositeNumber": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Antonizoon": [ "editor" ], "Antonw": [ "editor" ], "Apfelmus": [ "editor" ], "Aphoneyclimber": [ "editor" ], "Apocheir": [ "editor" ], "Aqurs1": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop" ], "AramilFeraxa": [ "steward" ], "Arch dude": [ "editor" ], "Archolman": [ "editor" ], "Arcticocean": [ "ombuds" ], "ArdentPerf": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Arlen22": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Armchair": [ "editor" ], "Arno-nl": [ "editor" ], "Arrow303": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Arthurvogel": [ "editor" ], "Artoria2e5": [ "editor" ], "Arturoiochoam": [ "editor" ], "Arunreginald": [ "editor" ], "AshLin": [ "editor" ], "Atcovi": [ "sysop", "global-rollbacker" ], "Athrash": [ "editor" ], "Atiedebee": [ "editor" ], "Atlas.Spheres": [ "editor" ], "Atsme": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Auremel": [ "editor" ], "Austncorp": [ "editor" ], "AuthorsAndContributorsBot": [ "autoreview" ], "Avicennasis": [ "editor" ], "Avraham": [ "global-renamer", "editor" ], "Awesome Princess": [ "editor" ], "Axpde": [ "editor" ], "Az1568": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Az2008": [ "editor" ], "Azotochtli": [ "editor" ], "B.Korlah": [ "editor" ], "BD2412": [ "editor" ], "BORGATO Pierandrea": [ "editor" ], "BRPever": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "BRUTE": [ "editor" ], "Backfromquadrangle": [ "editor" ], "Baiji": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Bakasakali": [ "editor" ], "Balaji.md au": [ "editor" ], "BarkingFish": [ "editor" ], "Barras": [ "steward" ], "Base": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Bastique": [ "editor" ], "Bautsch": [ "editor" ], "BeardMD": [ "editor" ], "Beetstra": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "BenTels": [ "editor" ], "Bencemac": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Benjamin J. Burger": [ "editor" ], "Benjamin.doe": [ "editor" ], "Benrattray": [ "editor" ], "Benson Muite": [ "editor" ], "Bentbracke": [ "editor" ], "Bequw": [ "editor" ], "Bert Niehaus": [ "autoreview" ], "BethNaught": [ "editor" ], "Beuc": [ "editor" ], "Bhardwaj Anil": [ "autoreview" ], "BiT": [ "editor" ], "Bigdelboy": [ "transwiki" ], "Bignose~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Billinghurst": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Billymac00": [ "editor" ], "Biplab Anand": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Birdofadozentides": [ "editor" ], "BitterAsianMan": [ "editor" ], "Blua lago": [ "global-renamer" ], "Bluefoxicy": [ "editor" ], "Bluerasberry": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "BobChan2": [ "editor" ], "Bodhisattwa": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "BoldLuis": [ "editor" ], "Borhan": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Boris1951zz": [ "editor" ], "Bpenn005": [ "editor" ], "Brewster239": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Bridget": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Brienna.Hall77": [ "editor" ], "Brim": [ "editor" ], "Brittanys": [ "editor" ], "Bronwynh": [ "editor" ], "Bsadowski1": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Buddpaul": [ "editor" ], "Bullercruz1": [ "editor" ], "Buncic": [ "editor" ], "BurakD53": [ "editor" ], "Burkep": [ "editor" ], "ByGrace": [ "editor" ], "Bykim2012": [ "editor" ], "C1203sc": [ "editor" ], "CJakes1": [ "editor" ], "CKWG - Ada Magica": [ "editor" ], "Cabayi": [ "global-renamer" ], "CaitlinCarbury": [ "autoreview" ], "CalciumTetraoxide": [ "editor" ], "CalendulaAsteraceae": [ "editor" ], "Caliburn": [ "editor" ], "CallumPoole": [ "editor" ], "Calvin.Andrus": [ "editor" ], "Cameron11598": [ "editor" ], "Camouflaged Mirage": [ "editor" ], "Captain-tucker": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Carlo.milanesi": [ "editor" ], "Caro de Segeda": [ "editor" ], "CarsracBot": [ "editor" ], "Catermark": [ "editor" ], "Cecila123": [ "autoreview" ], "Cedar101": [ "editor" ], "Champion": [ "editor" ], "Chaojidage": [ "editor" ], "Chaojoker": [ "editor" ], "Chaotic Enby": [ "autoreview", "global-renamer" ], "Chapka": [ "editor" ], "Charidri": [ "editor" ], "Charleneabeana": [ "autoreview" ], "CharlesHoffman": [ "editor" ], "Chazz": [ "editor" ], "Chelseafan528": [ "editor" ], "Cheryl2012": [ "editor" ], "Chescargot": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Chi Sigma": [ "editor" ], "Chinmayee Mishra": [ "ombuds" ], "Chongkian": [ "editor" ], "Chowbok": [ "editor" ], "ChrisHodgesUK": [ "editor" ], "ChrisWallace": [ "editor" ], "Chriswaterguy": [ "editor" ], "Chuckhoffmann": [ "editor" ], "Church of emacs": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Cic": [ "editor" ], "Ciell": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Cilantrohead": [ "editor" ], "Cintilo": [ "editor" ], "Circuit dreamer": [ "editor" ], "Circuit-fantasist": [ "editor" ], "Civvì": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "Ckwalker": [ "editor" ], "Clairerusselll": [ "autoreview" ], "Cloidl": [ "autoreview" ], "Cmsmcq": [ "editor" ], "Cnrowley": [ "editor" ], "CocoaZen": [ "editor" ], "CoconutOctopus": [ "global-renamer" ], "Codename Noreste": [ "sysop", "global-rollbacker", "interface-admin" ], "Codename Noroeste": [ "editor" ], "Codinghead": [ "editor" ], "CommonsDelinker": [ "autoreview" ], "Comp.arch": [ "editor" ], "Conan": [ "editor" ], "Cormullion": [ "editor" ], "Count Count": [ "steward" ], "Coupe": [ "editor" ], "Courcelles": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "CptViraj": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop" ], "Craignewland": [ "editor" ], "Craxd1": [ "editor" ], "CrazyEddy": [ "editor" ], "Cremastra": [ "editor" ], "Cremastra (JWB)": [ "autoreview" ], "Cromium": [ "editor" ], "Cromwellt": [ "editor" ], "Crystal East": [ "editor" ], "Cttcraig": [ "editor" ], "Cultures17": [ "editor" ], "Cultures33": [ "editor" ], "Cultures4": [ "editor" ], "Cultures92": [ "editor" ], "CunninghamJohn": [ "autoreview" ], "Curtaintoad": [ "editor" ], "Cyberpower678": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Céréales Killer": [ "global-renamer" ], "D1n05aur5 4ever": [ "editor" ], "DARIO SEVERI": [ "autoreview", "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "DC Slagel": [ "editor" ], "DCB": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "DD 8630": [ "editor" ], "DGerman": [ "editor" ], "DVD206": [ "editor" ], "DZadventiste": [ "editor" ], "DaB.": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "DaGizza": [ "editor" ], "Dagana4": [ "autoreview" ], "Dallas1278": [ "editor" ], "Dan Koehl": [ "editor" ], "Dan Polansky": [ "editor" ], "Dan-aka-jack": [ "editor" ], "DanCherek": [ "autoreview" ], "Danarwaller": [ "editor" ], "DanielWhernchend": [ "editor" ], "Danielravennest": [ "editor" ], "Danilka5469": [ "editor" ], "Daniuu": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "DannyS712": [ "editor" ], "Darklama": [ "editor" ], "Darklilac": [ "editor" ], "Darrelljon": [ "editor" ], "DarwIn": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Dave Braunschweig": [ "editor" ], "David L Davis": [ "editor" ], "DavidCary": [ "editor" ], "DavidLevinson": [ "editor" ], "Davidbena": [ "editor" ], "Dayshade": [ "editor" ], "Dchmelik": [ "editor" ], "Dcljr": [ "editor" ], "Dcondon": [ "editor" ], "Deepfriedokra": [ "global-renamer" ], "DejaVu": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "DennisDaniels": [ "editor" ], "Dennisblu": [ "uploader" ], "Denniss": [ "editor" ], "DerHexer": [ "editor", "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Derek Andrews": [ "editor" ], "Designermadsen": [ "editor" ], "Deu": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Dexxor": [ "editor" ], "Dezedien": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Diandramartin": [ "autoreview" ], "Didym": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Dino Bronto Rex": [ "editor" ], "Dirk Hünniger": [ "editor" ], "Divinations": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Djb": [ "editor" ], "Djbrown": [ "editor" ], "Dlrohrer2003": [ "editor" ], "Dmccreary": [ "editor" ], "Doc Taxon": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Doctorxgc": [ "editor" ], "Dom walden": [ "editor" ], "Domdomegg": [ "editor" ], "DominikTurner": [ "autoreview" ], "DonaldKronos": [ "editor" ], "DoubleGrazing": [ "global-renamer" ], "Doubleotoo": [ "editor" ], "Downdate": [ "editor" ], "Dr-Taher": [ "global-renamer" ], "Dr.Unclear": [ "editor" ], "DreamRimmer": [ "global-renamer", "global-sysop" ], "Dreftymac": [ "editor" ], "Drpundir": [ "editor" ], "Drummingman": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "DuLithgow": [ "editor" ], "Dungodung": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Duplode": [ "editor" ], "DustDFG": [ "editor" ], "Dyolf77": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "EDCU320RHT": [ "editor" ], "EDUC320 Sylvialiang": [ "editor" ], "EE JRW": [ "editor" ], "EMAD KAYYAM": [ "editor" ], "EPIC": [ "steward" ], "EarlGrey2005": [ "autoreview" ], "Ebe123": [ "editor" ], "Ecarew": [ "editor" ], "Edgar181": [ "editor" ], "Edit filter": [ "sysop" ], "EdoDodo": [ "editor" ], "Edornbush": [ "editor" ], "Edriiic": [ "editor" ], "Efex": [ "editor" ], "Efex3": [ "editor" ], "Effeietsanders": [ "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "EggRoll97": [ "editor" ], "Egil": [ "editor" ], "Eihel": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Ejs-80": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ekaroleski": [ "editor" ], "Elaurier": [ "editor" ], "Elcobbola": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Electro": [ "editor" ], "ElfSnail123": [ "editor" ], "Eli bubo4ka": [ "editor" ], "Eliarani": [ "editor" ], "Elli": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Ellywa": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Elmacenderesi": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Elton": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Emha": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "EmilymDaniel": [ "autoreview" ], "Empire3131": [ "editor" ], "Emufarmers": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Encik Tekateki": [ "editor" ], "Enzomartinelli": [ "editor" ], "Eric Evers": [ "editor" ], "Erigena": [ "editor" ], "Erik Baas": [ "editor" ], "ErinNik": [ "editor" ], "Erinamukuta": [ "editor" ], "ErrantX": [ "editor" ], "EruannoVG": [ "editor" ], "Espen180": [ "editor" ], "Eta Carinae": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ethacke1": [ "editor" ], "Eumolpo": [ "editor" ], "Euphydryas": [ "global-renamer" ], "Eurodyne": [ "editor" ], "EvDawg93": [ "editor" ], "EvanCarroll": [ "editor" ], "Ewen": [ "editor" ], "Exusiai": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ezarate": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Fabartus": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Faendalimas": [ "ombuds" ], "Fasten": [ "editor" ], "Faster than Thunder": [ "editor" ], "Fathoms Below": [ "global-renamer" ], "Fcorthay": [ "editor" ], "Fdena": [ "editor" ], "Federhalter": [ "editor" ], "Fehufanga": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Fekarp": [ "editor" ], "Fephisto": [ "editor" ], "Ferien": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Fernando2812l": [ "editor" ], "Fernly": [ "editor" ], "Ffion B Thompson": [ "autoreview" ], "Fimatic": [ "editor" ], "FischX": [ "editor" ], "Fishpi": [ "editor" ], "Flattail": [ "editor" ], "FlightTime": [ "global-renamer" ], "Flolit": [ "editor" ], "Fluffernutter": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "FlyingAce": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Fountain Pen": [ "editor" ], "Fr33kman": [ "editor" ], "FrancisFromGaspesie": [ "editor" ], "Frantsch": [ "autoreview" ], "Fredericknortje": [ "editor" ], "Fritzlein~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Frozen Wind": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Ftaljaard": [ "editor" ], "Ftiercel": [ "editor" ], "Furrykef": [ "editor" ], "GKFX": [ "editor" ], "Galahad": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Gampe": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Ganímedes": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Gary Dorman Wiggins": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Garygaryj": [ "editor" ], "Gat lombard": [ "editor" ], "Gc211": [ "editor" ], "Geagea": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Geekgirl": [ "editor" ], "GemmaCampbell": [ "autoreview" ], "Geoff Plourde": [ "editor" ], "Geofferybard": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "GerbenRienk": [ "editor" ], "Gerges": [ "global-renamer" ], "Germany Poul Ah": [ "editor" ], "Gertbuschmann": [ "editor" ], "Ggee0621": [ "editor" ], "Gifnk dlm 2020": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Girdi": [ "editor" ], "Glaisher": [ "editor" ], "Glane23": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Gleb713": [ "autoreview" ], "Glich": [ "editor" ], "Gllyons": [ "editor" ], "Gmasterman": [ "editor" ], "GoblinInventor": [ "editor" ], "Good afternoon": [ "editor" ], "GoreyCat": [ "editor" ], "GorgeUbuasha": [ "editor" ], "GorillaWarfare": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Gott wisst": [ "editor" ], "Goulart": [ "editor" ], "Gpkp": [ "editor" ], "Gracebaysinger": [ "editor" ], "Graeme E. Smith": [ "editor" ], "Greatswrd": [ "editor" ], "GreenC": [ "editor" ], "Greenbreen": [ "editor" ], "Greenman": [ "editor" ], "GregXenon01": [ "editor" ], "Gretski247": [ "editor" ], "GreyCat": [ "editor" ], "Grin": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Growl41": [ "editor" ], "Guaka": [ "editor" ], "Guanaco": [ "editor" ], "GuillermoHazebrouck": [ "editor" ], "Guus": [ "editor" ], "Guy vandegrift": [ "editor" ], "Guywan": [ "editor" ], "Gzuufy": [ "editor" ], "HLand": [ "editor" ], "HYanWong": [ "editor" ], "Ha98574": [ "editor" ], "Hagindaz": [ "editor" ], "HakanIST": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Hamish": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Hanay": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Hannes Röst": [ "editor" ], "Hans Adler": [ "editor" ], "Haoreima": [ "editor" ], "Happy-melon": [ "editor" ], "Harry Wood": [ "editor" ], "Harrybrowne1986": [ "editor" ], "Harv4": [ "editor" ], "Hasley": [ "editor" ], "Hazard-SJ": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "He7d3r": [ "editor" ], "HenkvD": [ "editor" ], "Herbythyme": [ "editor" ], "Hercule": [ "editor" ], "Herman darman": [ "editor" ], "HerrHartmuth": [ "editor" ], "Hethrir": [ "editor" ], "HgDeviasse": [ "editor" ], "Hippias": [ "editor" ], "Hliow": [ "autoreview" ], "Holder": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Holdoffhunger": [ "editor" ], "Hoo man": [ "editor", "steward" ], "HouseBlaster": [ "global-renamer" ], "Howard Beale": [ "editor" ], "Hpon": [ "editor" ], "Hrkalona": [ "autoreview" ], "Hskeet": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Htm": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Hugetim": [ "editor" ], "Humaira Ali": [ "editor" ], "Huntertur": [ "editor" ], "Hydriz": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Ibidthewriter": [ "editor" ], "Ibrahim Sani Mustapha": [ "editor" ], "Ibrahim.ID": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Icetruck": [ "editor" ], "Icodense": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Ideasman42": [ "editor" ], "Igna": [ "editor" ], "Ijon": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Illusional": [ "editor" ], "Iluvatar": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Indiana": [ "editor" ], "Inductiveload": [ "editor" ], "Inertia6084": [ "autoreview" ], "Inferno986return": [ "editor" ], "Infinite0694": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Ingenuity": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ingolemo": [ "editor" ], "Insignificantwrangler": [ "editor" ], "Internoob": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "InverseHypercube": [ "editor" ], "Isenhand": [ "editor" ], "Ish ishwar": [ "editor" ], "Iste Praetor": [ "editor" ], "ItsNyoty": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Itsmeyash31": [ "autoreview" ], "Itswikisam": [ "editor" ], "Itti": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Ixfd64": [ "editor" ], "J ansari": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "J.palacios.jean": [ "editor" ], "J36miles": [ "editor" ], "JBW": [ "global-renamer" ], "JCrue": [ "editor" ], "JJ12880": [ "editor" ], "JJMC89": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "JJPMaster": [ "sysop", "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "interface-admin", "vrt-permissions" ], "JJPMaster (test 1)": [ "autoreview" ], "JJohnson": [ "editor" ], "JJohnson1701": [ "editor" ], "JPPINTO": [ "editor" ], "Jack Frost": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "JackBot": [ "editor" ], "JackPotte": [ "sysop", "interface-admin" ], "Jackhand1": [ "autoreview" ], "Jacob J. Walker": [ "editor" ], "Jafeluv": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Jake Park": [ "global-renamer" ], "Jakec": [ "editor" ], "JamesCrook": [ "editor" ], "JamesNZ": [ "editor" ], "Jamesofur": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Jamesssss": [ "editor" ], "Jamzze": [ "editor" ], "Jan Myšák": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Jan.duggan": [ "autoreview" ], "Janbery": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Janpha": [ "editor" ], "Janschejbal": [ "editor" ], "Jason.Cozens": [ "editor" ], "Jaspalkaler": [ "editor" ], "Jasper Deng": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "JavaHurricane": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Javier Carro": [ "editor" ], "JavierCantero": [ "editor" ], "Jay Bolero": [ "editor" ], "Jazzmanian": [ "editor" ], "Jcb": [ "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Jcwf": [ "editor" ], "Jeff G.": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Jeff1138": [ "editor" ], "Jellysandwich0": [ "editor" ], "JenVan": [ "editor" ], "JenniferPalacios": [ "editor" ], "Jenniferjkidd": [ "editor" ], "Jens Østergaard Petersen": [ "editor" ], "JeremyMcCracken": [ "editor" ], "Jeroenr": [ "editor" ], "Jerome Charles Potts": [ "editor" ], "Jerry vlntn": [ "editor" ], "Jesdisciple": [ "editor" ], "Jfmantis": [ "editor" ], "Jianhui67": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Jianhui67 public": [ "editor" ], "Jim Ashby": [ "autoreview" ], "JimKillock": [ "editor" ], "Jimbotyson": [ "editor" ], "Jimmy Xu": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Jivee Blau": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Jkauf007": [ "editor" ], "Jmdeschamps": [ "uploader" ], "Jnanaranjan sahu": [ "ombuds" ], "Jnewh001": [ "editor" ], "Jobin RV": [ "editor" ], "Joewiz": [ "editor" ], "Johannes Bo": [ "editor" ], "Johannnes89": [ "steward" ], "John Cross": [ "editor" ], "JohnMarcelo": [ "editor" ], "Johnkn63": [ "editor" ], "Johnwhelan": [ "editor" ], "Jokes Free4Me": [ "editor" ], "Jomegat": [ "editor" ], "Jon Harald Søby": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Jon Kolbert": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Jonathan Webley": [ "editor" ], "Jordan Brown": [ "editor" ], "JorisvS": [ "editor" ], "Josve05a": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Jrincayc": [ "editor" ], "Jsnaree": [ "editor" ], "Jtneill": [ "editor" ], "JuethoBot": [ "autoreview" ], "Jugandi": [ "editor" ], "Jules*": [ "global-renamer" ], "Juliancolton": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Jumark27": [ "editor" ], "JustTheFacts33": [ "editor" ], "Justlettersandnumbers": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "K6ka": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "Kadı": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Kai Burghardt": [ "editor" ], "Kaltenmeyer": [ "editor" ], "Kambai Akau": [ "editor" ], "Kanjy": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Kapooht": [ "editor" ], "Karl Wick": [ "editor" ], "Karosent": [ "editor" ], "Kashkhan": [ "editor" ], "Kathryn Mary Nicholson": [ "autoreview" ], "Katiemgeorge": [ "editor" ], "Katyauchter": [ "editor" ], "Kaushlendratripathi": [ "editor" ], "Kaw8yh": [ "editor" ], "Kayau": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Kellen": [ "editor" ], "Kelti": [ "editor" ], "Kiefer.Wolfowitz": [ "editor" ], "Killarnee": [ "editor" ], "King of Hearts": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Kingaustin07": [ "editor" ], "Kingofnuthin": [ "editor" ], "Kirito": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Kittycataclysm": [ "sysop" ], "Kj cheetham": [ "global-renamer" ], "Kkmurray": [ "editor" ], "Kl-robertson": [ "editor" ], "Klaas van Buiten": [ "editor" ], "Knittedbees": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Knoppson": [ "autoreview" ], "Koantum": [ "editor" ], "Koavf": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Kodos": [ "editor" ], "KonstantinaG07": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Kowey": [ "editor" ], "KrakatoaKatie": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Krd": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Krdbot": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Kri": [ "editor" ], "Krinkle": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Kropotkine 113": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Kruusamägi": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Ktucker": [ "editor" ], "Kwamikagami": [ "editor" ], "Kwhitefoot": [ "editor" ], "Kylu": [ "editor" ], "Kızıl": [ "global-renamer" ], "L10nM4st3r": [ "editor" ], "LABoyd2": [ "editor" ], "LR0725": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Ladislav": [ "editor" ], "Ladsgroup": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ladybug62": [ "editor" ], "Lagoset": [ "editor" ], "Larsnooden": [ "editor" ], "Laurianedani": [ "editor" ], "Lcraw005": [ "editor" ], "Ldo": [ "editor" ], "Leaderboard": [ "sysop", "global-renamer", "interface-admin" ], "Learnerktm": [ "editor" ], "Lechatjaune": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Leighblackall": [ "editor" ], "Lengel46": [ "editor" ], "Lentokonefani": [ "global-renamer" ], "LeoChiukl": [ "editor" ], "Leonard64": [ "uploader" ], "Leonidlednev": [ "autoreview", "global-rollbacker" ], "Leovanderven": [ "editor" ], "Lesless": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Leyo": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Lgriot": [ "editor" ], "Liam987": [ "editor" ], "Liao": [ "editor" ], "Libperry": [ "editor" ], "Limiza": [ "editor" ], "Lionel Cristiano": [ "editor" ], "Litlok": [ "global-renamer" ], "Little Sunshine": [ "global-renamer" ], "Llakew": [ "editor" ], "LlamaAl": [ "editor" ], "Lobsteroh": [ "editor" ], "LodestarChariot2": [ "editor" ], "Lofty abyss": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Logictheo": [ "editor" ], "Lomita": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Londonjackbooks": [ "editor" ], "Lovepeacejoy404": [ "editor" ], "Lp0 on fire": [ "autoreview" ], "Lubaochuan": [ "editor" ], "Luckas Blade": [ "editor" ], "Lucystewpid": [ "autoreview" ], "Ludovic Brenta": [ "editor" ], "Ludovicocaldara": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Lukas²³": [ "editor" ], "LukeCEL": [ "editor" ], "Lvova": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Lwill031": [ "editor" ], "M7": [ "steward" ], "MARKELLOS": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "MBq": [ "global-renamer" ], "MF-Warburg": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "MGA73": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "MIacono": [ "editor" ], "MNeuschaefer": [ "editor" ], "MS Sakib": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Mabdul": [ "transwiki", "editor", "uploader" ], "Madisonhen": [ "autoreview" ], "Magda.dagda": [ "editor" ], "Magnus Manske": [ "editor" ], "Mahagaja": [ "editor" ], "MaikoM93": [ "editor" ], "Maire": [ "global-renamer" ], "Malarz pl": [ "global-renamer" ], "Manchiu": [ "global-renamer" ], "MandoRachovitsa": [ "autoreview" ], "Mandy Hopkins": [ "editor" ], "ManuelGR": [ "editor" ], "MarcGarver": [ "sysop", "checkuser", "steward" ], "Marco Klunder": [ "editor" ], "MarcoAurelio": [ "editor" ], "Marcus Cyron": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Mardus": [ "editor" ], "MarkJFernandes": [ "editor" ], "MarkTraceur": [ "editor" ], "Markcwm": [ "editor" ], "Markhobley": [ "editor" ], "MarsRover": [ "editor" ], "Marshman~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Martin Kraus": [ "editor" ], "Martin Sauter": [ "editor" ], "Martin Urbanec": [ "editor", "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "MartinPoulter": [ "editor" ], "Martinwguy2": [ "editor" ], "MarygoldRules": [ "editor" ], "Master tongue": [ "editor" ], "Masti": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Math buff": [ "editor" ], "MathXplore": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Mathildem16": [ "autoreview" ], "Mathmensch": [ "editor" ], "Mathmensch-Smalledits": [ "editor" ], "Mathmogeek": [ "editor" ], "Maths314": [ "editor" ], "Matiia": [ "editor" ], "Matrix": [ "autoreview", "vrt-permissions" ], "Matsievsky": [ "editor" ], "Mattb112885": [ "editor" ], "Mattbarton.exe": [ "editor" ], "Matthewrb": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Matttest": [ "autoreview" ], "Max Milas": [ "editor" ], "Maxim": [ "editor" ], "Maximillion Pegasus": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Maxint2": [ "editor" ], "Mazbel": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Mbch331": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Mbrickn": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Mcdonnkm": [ "editor" ], "Mcld": [ "editor" ], "Mdkoch84": [ "editor" ], "Mdmckenzie": [ "editor" ], "MdsShakil": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Mdupont": [ "editor" ], "Me Lendroz": [ "editor" ], "Meanmicio": [ "editor" ], "Mecanismo": [ "editor" ], "MediaKyle": [ "editor" ], "Meditation": [ "editor" ], "Meev0": [ "editor" ], "Mehman": [ "ombuds", "vrt-permissions" ], "Melos": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "MemicznyJanusz": [ "global-renamer" ], "Mendelivia~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Meniktah": [ "editor" ], "Mercy": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "MerlLinkBot": [ "editor" ], "Mfield": [ "global-renamer" ], "Mh7kJ": [ "editor" ], "Michael Romanov": [ "editor" ], "MichaelFrey": [ "editor" ], "Michaelbluett": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Mido": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "MihalOrela": [ "editor" ], "MiiCii": [ "editor" ], "Mike Hayes": [ "editor" ], "Mike.lifeguard": [ "editor" ], "Mild Bill Hiccup": [ "editor" ], "Mill3315": [ "editor" ], "Millbart": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Mimarx": [ "editor" ], "Min1996": [ "autoreview" ], "Minorax": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Mirinano": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Mithridates": [ "editor" ], "Mjbt": [ "editor" ], "Mjchael": [ "editor" ], "Mjkaye": [ "editor" ], "Mkline": [ "autoreview" ], "Mlipl001": [ "editor" ], "Moby-Dick4000": [ "editor" ], "Mohean": [ "editor" ], "Money-lover-12345": [ "editor" ], "Moonriddengirl": [ "autoreview", "vrt-permissions" ], "Mortense": [ "editor" ], "Mpfau": [ "editor" ], "Mr. Stradivarius": [ "editor" ], "MrAlanKoh": [ "editor" ], "MrJaroslavik": [ "global-rollbacker", "ombuds" ], "Mrajcok": [ "editor" ], "Mrjulesd": [ "editor" ], "Mrwojo": [ "editor" ], "Mschrag": [ "editor" ], "Msmithma": [ "editor" ], "MtPenguinMonster": [ "editor" ], "Mtarch11": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Musical Inquisit": [ "editor" ], "Mussklprozz": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Mvolz": [ "editor" ], "Mwtoews": [ "editor" ], "Mxn": [ "editor" ], "Myklaw": [ "editor" ], "Mykola7": [ "steward" ], "Mys 721tx": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "NDG": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Nadzik": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "NahidSultan": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Nangkhan Magar": [ "editor" ], "Natuur12": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Nbarth": [ "editor" ], "Nbro": [ "editor" ], "Nehaoua": [ "ombuds" ], "Neils51": [ "editor" ], "Nemoralis": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Neojacob": [ "editor" ], "Neriah": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "Nesbit": [ "editor" ], "Newlisp": [ "editor" ], "Nfgdayton": [ "editor" ], "NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "NhacNy2412": [ "global-renamer" ], "Nick.anderegg": [ "editor" ], "NickPenguin": [ "editor" ], "NicoScribe": [ "editor" ], "Nicole Sharp": [ "editor" ], "Nieuwsgierige Gebruiker": [ "editor" ], "Nigos": [ "autoreview" ], "Nihonjoe": [ "global-renamer" ], "Nikai": [ "editor" ], "Ninjastrikers": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "NipplesMeCool": [ "editor" ], "Njardarlogar": [ "editor" ], "Nobody60": [ "editor" ], "Nolispanmo": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Nomstuff": [ "autoreview" ], "Nonenmac": [ "editor" ], "Norton": [ "editor" ], "Npettiaux": [ "editor" ], "Nsaa": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Nthep": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "NuclearWarfare": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "OMSMike": [ "editor" ], "Officer781": [ "editor" ], "OhanaUnited": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Oleander": [ "editor" ], "Oliviacatherall": [ "autoreview" ], "Omphalographer": [ "editor" ], "OnBeyondZebrax": [ "editor" ], "Onsen": [ "editor" ], "Ontzak": [ "global-renamer" ], "Orderud": [ "editor" ], "OrenBochman": [ "editor" ], "Oshwah": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ottawahitech": [ "editor" ], "Owain.davies": [ "editor" ], "PAC": [ "editor" ], "PAC2": [ "editor" ], "PK 97": [ "editor" ], "PNW Raven": [ "editor" ], "Pac8612": [ "editor" ], "Paloi Sciurala": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Panic2k4": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Pascal Pignard": [ "editor" ], "Pastbury": [ "editor" ], "Pathfinders": [ "editor" ], "Pathoschild": [ "editor" ], "Patrik": [ "editor" ], "PauSix": [ "editor" ], "Paul James": [ "editor" ], "Pavroo": [ "editor" ], "PbakerODU": [ "editor" ], "Pbrower2a": [ "editor" ], "Peacearth": [ "global-renamer" ], "Pearts": [ "editor" ], "Peeragogia": [ "editor" ], "Peri Coleman": [ "editor" ], "Perl~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Peter1180": [ "editor" ], "PeterEasthope": [ "editor" ], "Peyton09": [ "editor" ], "Phan M. Nhat": [ "autoreview" ], "PhilKnight": [ "global-renamer" ], "Phoebe": [ "editor" ], "Phosgram": [ "editor" ], "Pi zero": [ "editor" ], "PieWriter": [ "editor" ], "Piotrus": [ "editor" ], "Pithikos": [ "editor" ], "Pittsburgh Poet": [ "editor" ], "Pjpearce": [ "editor" ], "Pkkao": [ "editor" ], "Planotse": [ "editor" ], "Platonides": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Pluke": [ "editor" ], "PlyrStar93": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Pminh141": [ "global-renamer" ], "Pmlineditor": [ "editor" ], "Pmw57": [ "editor" ], "Poetcsw": [ "editor" ], "PoizonMyst": [ "editor" ], "Pola 2607": [ "autoreview" ], "Polimerek": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Polluks": [ "editor" ], "Pookiyama": [ "editor" ], "Popski": [ "editor" ], "Povigna": [ "editor" ], "Ppolar bear": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "Pppery": [ "autoreview" ], "Prahlad balaji": [ "editor" ], "Pratyeka": [ "editor" ], "Praxidicae": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Primefac": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Prince Kassad~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Pronesto": [ "editor" ], "Prototyperspective": [ "autoreview" ], "Psoup": [ "editor" ], "Psr1909": [ "editor" ], "PullUpYourSocks": [ "editor" ], "PurpleBuffalo": [ "global-renamer" ], "PurplePieman": [ "editor" ], "Purplebackpack89": [ "editor" ], "Putukas01": [ "editor" ], "Qenalcu": [ "autoreview" ], "Quebecguy": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "QueerEcofeminist": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "editor" ], "Quinlan83": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Quintucket": [ "editor" ], "Qwerty number1": [ "editor" ], "Qwertyus": [ "editor" ], "Qədir": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "R. Henrik Nilsson": [ "editor" ], "RAdimer-WMF": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "RDBury": [ "editor" ], "RJHall": [ "editor" ], "Ra'ike": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Rachboots": [ "editor" ], "Rachel": [ "editor" ], "Rachmat04": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "RadiX": [ "editor", "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Raffaela Kunz": [ "editor" ], "Rahulkepapa": [ "editor" ], "Ramac": [ "editor" ], "Rambam rashi": [ "editor" ], "Randykitty": [ "autoreview", "global-rollbacker" ], "RatónMístico176": [ "editor" ], "Ravichandar84": [ "editor" ], "Rawheatley": [ "editor" ], "Ray Trygstad": [ "editor" ], "RayeChellMahela": [ "editor" ], "Raymond": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Razr Nation": [ "editor" ], "Rchaswms01": [ "editor" ], "Rcragun": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Readyokaygo": [ "editor" ], "Recent Runes": [ "editor" ], "Redlentil": [ "editor" ], "Refcanimm": [ "editor" ], "Regasterios": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Reinhard Kraasch": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "RenaissanceMan2144": [ "autoreview" ], "Renamed user 242094acfb1a5b2f08e9e78f2e021a40": [ "editor" ], "Renamed user 5f91ca71739b07cfce8397eed758fe13": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Renamed user f26394dcb19bd7bdad78f0d752896653": [ "editor" ], "Renvoy": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Reseletti": [ "editor" ], "Retropunk": [ "editor" ], "Reuben1508": [ "autoreview" ], "Revi C.": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "ombuds", "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Reyk": [ "editor" ], "Rfc1394": [ "editor" ], "Rgdboer": [ "editor" ], "Rgreenone": [ "editor" ], "Rhole2001": [ "autoreview" ], "Rich Farmbrough": [ "editor" ], "Rickstambaugh": [ "editor" ], "Riggwelter": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Risk": [ "editor" ], "Risteall": [ "editor" ], "Ritjesman": [ "editor" ], "RoMancer": [ "editor" ], "Robbiemorrison": [ "editor" ], "Robert Huber~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Roberto Mura": [ "editor" ], "Robertsky": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "RobinH": [ "editor" ], "Rodasmith": [ "editor" ], "Rodrigo": [ "editor" ], "Rodrigo.Argenton": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Rogerborrell": [ "editor" ], "Rogerdpack": [ "editor" ], "RogueScholar": [ "editor" ], "Romainbehar": [ "editor" ], "RomaineBot": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "RonaldB": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Rosser1954": [ "editor" ], "Rotlink": [ "editor" ], "RoySmith": [ "ombuds" ], "Rozzychan": [ "editor" ], "Rplano": [ "editor" ], "Rreagan007": [ "autoreview" ], "Rrgreen": [ "editor" ], "Rschen7754": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "RshieldsVA": [ "editor" ], "Rsjaffe": [ "global-renamer" ], "Rtaisis": [ "editor" ], "Ruakh": [ "editor" ], "Rudolpho~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Runfellow": [ "editor" ], "Runner4lyfe": [ "editor" ], "RunningBlind": [ "editor" ], "Ruthven": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Ruud Koot": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "Rzuwig": [ "autoreview", "global-rollbacker" ], "S8321414": [ "global-renamer" ], "SB Johnny": [ "editor" ], "SCP-2000": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "SHB2000": [ "sysop", "steward" ], "SPM": [ "editor" ], "Sae1962": [ "editor" ], "Safuan12616": [ "editor" ], "SahniM": [ "editor" ], "Sakretsu": [ "steward" ], "Sakura emad": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Salil Kumar Mukherjee": [ "editor" ], "Samat": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Sammy2012": [ "editor" ], "Samuel.dellit": [ "editor" ], "Samuele2002": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Samwilson": [ "editor" ], "SanBonne": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Sandbergja": [ "editor" ], "Sannita": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Sante Caserio~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "SarahFatimaK": [ "editor" ], "Sargoth": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Saroj": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Sascha Lill 95": [ "editor" ], "Satdeep Gill": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Savh": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Sbb1413": [ "editor" ], "Scention": [ "editor" ], "Schniggendiller": [ "steward" ], "SchreiberBike": [ "editor" ], "Scott.beckman": [ "editor" ], "Sebastian Wallroth": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Seewolf": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Selden": [ "editor" ], "Sennecaster": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Serinap": [ "editor" ], "Seth Miller": [ "editor" ], "SevenSpheres": [ "editor" ], "Sfan00 IMG": [ "editor" ], "Sfoerster": [ "editor" ], "Sgarrigan": [ "editor" ], "Sgowal": [ "editor" ], "Shaitand": [ "editor" ], "ShakespeareFan00": [ "editor" ], "SharingNotes": [ "editor" ], "Shawntanchinyang": [ "editor" ], "Shdwninja8": [ "editor" ], "ShelleyAdams": [ "autoreview" ], "ShifaYT": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Shii": [ "editor" ], "Shlomif": [ "editor" ], "ShuBraque": [ "editor" ], "Sidelight12": [ "editor" ], "Sidorkin": [ "editor" ], "Sidpatil": [ "editor" ], "Siebengang": [ "editor" ], "Sigma 7": [ "editor" ], "Simon Peter Hughes": [ "editor" ], "Sinus46": [ "editor" ], "Sir Beluga": [ "editor" ], "Sir Lestaty de Lioncourt": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "SixWingedSeraph": [ "editor" ], "Sj": [ "editor" ], "Sjc~enwikibooks": [ "editor" ], "Sjlegg": [ "editor" ], "Sjone101": [ "editor" ], "Sjö": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Skymath": [ "editor" ], "Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Slava Ukrajini Heroyam Slava": [ "editor" ], "Sluffs": [ "editor" ], "Smjg": [ "editor" ], "SnappyDragonPennyroyal": [ "editor" ], "SocialKnowledge": [ "editor" ], "SoftwareEngineerMoose": [ "autoreview" ], "Sonia": [ "editor" ], "Sophie Cheng": [ "editor" ], "Sotiale": [ "steward" ], "Soul windsurfer": [ "editor" ], "SouthParkFan65": [ "editor" ], "SoylentGreen": [ "editor" ], "Spamduck": [ "editor" ], "Spaynton": [ "editor" ], "Spender2001": [ "editor" ], "Speregrination": [ "editor" ], "Spiderworm": [ "editor" ], "Spoon!": [ "editor" ], "Squasher": [ "global-renamer" ], "Srhat": [ "editor" ], "Stang": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Stanglavine": [ "editor" ], "Steinsplitter": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "StephT0704": [ "autoreview" ], "Stepheng3": [ "editor" ], "Stepro": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Steve M": [ "editor" ], "Stilfehler": [ "editor" ], "Stockywood": [ "editor" ], "Storeye": [ "editor" ], "Strainu": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Strange quark": [ "editor" ], "Stryn": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Stïnger": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Suchenwi": [ "editor" ], "Sumone10154": [ "editor" ], "SunCreator": [ "editor" ], "Sunny Cryolite": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Sunshineconnelly": [ "editor" ], "SuperTyphoonNoru": [ "editor" ], "Superbass": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Superpes15": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "vrt-permissions" ], "Supertoff": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Superzerocool": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "SupremeUmanu": [ "editor" ], "Suruena": [ "editor" ], "Sutambe": [ "editor" ], "Sutton Publishing": [ "editor" ], "Sué González Hauck": [ "editor" ], "Svartava": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "SweetCanadianMullet": [ "editor" ], "Swift": [ "editor" ], "SyG": [ "editor" ], "Sylvesterchukwu04": [ "editor" ], "Sylvialim": [ "editor" ], "Sylviaread": [ "editor" ], "Synoman Barris": [ "global-rollbacker", "transwiki", "editor" ], "Syum90": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Syunsyunminmin": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "T.seppelt": [ "editor" ], "TDang": [ "editor" ], "TTWIDEE": [ "editor" ], "Tahmid": [ "editor" ], "Taiwania Justo": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Taketa": [ "global-renamer" ], "Takipoint123": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "TakuyaMurata": [ "editor" ], "Tamzin": [ "global-renamer" ], "Tanbiruzzaman": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Tannertsf": [ "editor" ], "Taoheedah": [ "editor" ], "Tapsevarg": [ "editor" ], "TaronjaSatsuma": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Taxman": [ "editor" ], "Tchoř": [ "global-renamer" ], "Tdkehoe": [ "editor" ], "Tdvorak": [ "editor" ], "Techman224": [ "editor" ], "Tegel": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Teles": [ "ombuds", "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Tem5psu": [ "editor" ], "Tempodivalse": [ "editor" ], "TenWhile6": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Terence Kearey": [ "editor" ], "Ternarius": [ "global-renamer" ], "Ternera": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Tesleemah": [ "editor" ], "Tevfik AKTUĞLU": [ "editor" ], "Tgregtregretgtr": [ "editor" ], "ThatBPengineer": [ "autoreview" ], "Thatonewikiguy": [ "editor" ], "The Squirrel Conspiracy": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "The labs": [ "editor" ], "TheGoodEndedHappily": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "ThePCKid": [ "editor" ], "TheSandDoctor": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Theknightwho": [ "editor" ], "Thenub314": [ "editor" ], "Theo Hughes": [ "editor" ], "Theornamentalist": [ "editor" ], "Thereen": [ "editor" ], "Thewinster": [ "editor" ], "Thierry Dugnolle": [ "editor" ], "Thinkglobalnow": [ "editor" ], "Thirunavukkarasye-Raveendran": [ "editor" ], "Thomas Simpson": [ "editor" ], "Thomas.haslwanter": [ "editor" ], "Thomas.lochmatter": [ "editor" ], "Tibetologist": [ "editor" ], "Tigerzeng": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Tiled": [ "editor" ], "TimBorgNetzWerk": [ "editor" ], "Timothy Gu": [ "editor" ], "Timpo": [ "editor" ], "Tiptoety": [ "editor" ], "Tjyang": [ "editor" ], "Tlustulimu": [ "editor" ], "Tmvogel": [ "editor" ], "Tom Morris": [ "editor" ], "Tomato86": [ "editor" ], "Tomt87": [ "editor" ], "Tomybrz": [ "editor" ], "Tonyvall": [ "autoreview" ], "Tp42": [ "editor" ], "Tracklayingninja": [ "editor" ], "Tradimus": [ "editor" ], "Tropicalkitty": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "TrulyShruti": [ "editor" ], "Ts12rAc": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Tsarina CatarinaToo": [ "autoreview" ], "TunnelESON": [ "sysop" ], "Turbojet": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Turkmen": [ "editor" ], "TwoThirty": [ "editor" ], "Tyoyafud": [ "editor" ], "Túrelio": [ "autoreview" ], "U$3rname008": [ "editor" ], "Uf.hun2201": [ "editor" ], "Ulubatli Hasan": [ "global-renamer" ], "Uncitoyen": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "Uncle G": [ "editor" ], "Unixxx": [ "editor" ], "User01938": [ "editor" ], "Username222": [ "editor" ], "Utcursch": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Uziel302": [ "editor" ], "Uzume": [ "editor" ], "VIGNERON": [ "steward" ], "Valery Starikov": [ "editor" ], "Van der Hoorn": [ "editor" ], "Varnent": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Vdolar": [ "autoreview" ], "VectorVoyager": [ "editor" ], "Venzz": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Verfassungsfreund": [ "editor" ], "Veritas Sapientiae": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Vermont": [ "editor", "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Victor Stefan Stoica": [ "autoreview" ], "Victor Trevor": [ "autoreview" ], "Victoria.sandeman": [ "autoreview" ], "Vincent Vega": [ "global-renamer" ], "Vito Genovese": [ "editor" ], "Vituzzu": [ "editor" ], "Vladimir Solovjev": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Vogone": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Vossman": [ "editor" ], "Vrinda": [ "editor" ], "VulcanWikiEdit": [ "editor" ], "Vwanweb": [ "editor" ], "WOSlinker": [ "autoreview" ], "Waihorace": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Waldyrious": [ "editor" ], "WalshDay": [ "editor" ], "Wargo": [ "editor" ], "Wbjimmyd": [ "editor" ], "Wcoole": [ "editor" ], "WeelkyWikiReader": [ "editor" ], "Wekeepwhatwekill": [ "autoreview" ], "WereSpielChequers": [ "editor" ], "What no2000": [ "editor" ], "WhatamIdoing": [ "editor" ], "WhitePhosphorus": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop" ], "Whiteknight": [ "editor" ], "Whoop whoop pull up": [ "editor" ], "Whym": [ "editor", "vrt-permissions" ], "Wiki13": [ "editor" ], "WikiBayer": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "WikiFer": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Wikimi-dhiann": [ "editor" ], "Wikiotics": [ "editor" ], "Wikiwau": [ "autoreview", "editor" ], "WillNess": [ "editor" ], "Willscrlt": [ "editor" ], "Wim b": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-sysop", "editor" ], "Wisden": [ "editor" ], "Withinfocus": [ "editor" ], "Wj32": [ "editor" ], "Wkee4ager": [ "editor" ], "Wobbit": [ "editor" ], "Wong128hk": [ "global-renamer" ], "Wundermacht": [ "editor" ], "Wutsje": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Ww2censor": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Wüstenspringmaus": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "XXBlackburnXx": [ "editor", "steward" ], "Xandradi": [ "editor" ], "Xania": [ "sysop", "checkuser" ], "Xaosflux": [ "editor", "steward" ], "XenonX3": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "Xerol": [ "editor" ], "Xeverything11": [ "editor", "uploader" ], "Xhungab": [ "editor" ], "Xinkai Wu": [ "editor" ], "Xixtas": [ "editor" ], "Xqt": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Xxagile": [ "editor" ], "Xypron": [ "editor" ], "Xz64": [ "editor" ], "Y-S.Ko": [ "editor" ], "YMS": [ "editor" ], "Yahya": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "Yamla": [ "global-renamer" ], "Yann": [ "editor" ], "Yerpo": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "Yikrazuul": [ "editor" ], "Ymblanter": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Yndesai": [ "editor" ], "Youssefsan": [ "editor" ], "Ysangkok": [ "editor" ], "Yvelik": [ "uploader" ], "Yzmo": [ "editor" ], "ZI Jony": [ "editor" ], "Zabe": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Zafer": [ "ombuds" ], "Zedshort": [ "editor" ], "ZeroOne": [ "editor" ], "Zetud": [ "global-rollbacker", "vrt-permissions" ], "Ziv": [ "editor" ], "Zoeannl": [ "editor" ], "Zollerriia": [ "editor" ], "Zoohouse": [ "editor" ], "Zoot": [ "editor" ], "Zsohl": [ "autoreview", "editor" ], "Zvsmith": [ "editor" ], "Zweighaft": [ "editor" ], "ZxxZxxZ": [ "editor" ], "~riley": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "Érico": [ "global-renamer" ], "Виктор Пинчук": [ "editor" ], "Воображение": [ "editor" ], "Всевидящий": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "Д.Ильин": [ "editor" ], "Л.П. Джепко": [ "editor" ], "יהודה שמחה ולדמן": [ "editor" ], "מקף": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "د. فارس الجويلي": [ "global-renamer" ], "علاء": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "فيصل": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "सीमा1": [ "editor" ], "タチコマ robot": [ "editor" ], "ネイ": [ "global-renamer" ], "人间百态": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "臺灣象象": [ "autoreview" ], "范": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "青子守歌": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "魔琴": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ": [ "editor" ], "기나ㅏㄴ": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ] } 6i7qno0jfba2shw54sf9lyhgjarm41y 0 476750 4633613 4527112 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633613 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Cattle Dog = == Breed == Australian Cattle Dog == Nickname == Blue Heeler == Group == Herding == Origin == Australia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20 inches (43 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 22.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Cattle Dog, or Blue Heeler, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Australia, known for its high energy, intelligence, and muscular build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in rural or suburban areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-cattle-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Cattle Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} dwk9zsxprjgz4f0hm5r1vv5newdkfd9 4633676 4633613 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633676 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Cattle Dog = == Breed == Australian Cattle Dog == Nickname == Blue Heeler == Group == Herding == Origin == Australia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20 inches (43 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 22.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Cattle Dog, or Blue Heeler, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Australia, known for its high energy, intelligence, and muscular build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in rural or suburban areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-cattle-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Cattle Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 1a1plnmjbqrzrdanjtzxx23r2hx00c9 4633737 4633676 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633737 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Cattle Dog = == Breed == Australian Cattle Dog == Nickname == Blue Heeler == Group == Herding == Origin == Australia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20 inches (43 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 22.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Cattle Dog, or Blue Heeler, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Australia, known for its high energy, intelligence, and muscular build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in rural or suburban areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-cattle-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Cattle Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} d0plgsumajl9q391ucpi7pmsk0ax4tq 0 476751 4633614 4527111 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633614 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Shepherd = == Breed == Australian Shepherd == Nickname == Aussie == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Shepherd, or Aussie, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its high energy, herding instincts, and colorful coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, making it ideal for family-oriented households with older children. Aussies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} h6azev5wfovnsmfgryhvwuwj4wn3euu 4633678 4633614 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633678 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Shepherd = == Breed == Australian Shepherd == Nickname == Aussie == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Shepherd, or Aussie, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its high energy, herding instincts, and colorful coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, making it ideal for family-oriented households with older children. Aussies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} r1y1nxbgr7zl4070un2xl7vb9wdtgs6 4633736 4633678 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633736 wikitext text/x-wiki = Australian Shepherd = == Breed == Australian Shepherd == Nickname == Aussie == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Australian Shepherd, or Aussie, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its high energy, herding instincts, and colorful coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, making it ideal for family-oriented households with older children. Aussies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/australian-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Australian Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} 294nta2eowaf8vv53l5snw2pvoidv13 0 476752 4633618 4527110 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633618 wikitext text/x-wiki = Belgian Malinois = == Breed == Belgian Malinois == Nickname == Malinois == Group == Herding == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Belgian Malinois, or Malinois, is a large, athletic breed originally from Belgium, known for its intelligence, work ethic, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. This breed has a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/belgian-malinois/profile/ Pawsome Authority Belgian Malinois Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} cfliaugw25bvsy7l9lim2kb5qfctkps 4633680 4633618 2026-05-03T02:23:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633680 wikitext text/x-wiki = Belgian Malinois = == Breed == Belgian Malinois == Nickname == Malinois == Group == Herding == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Belgian Malinois, or Malinois, is a large, athletic breed originally from Belgium, known for its intelligence, work ethic, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. This breed has a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/belgian-malinois/profile/ Pawsome Authority Belgian Malinois Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 3gqvyf377tkdibl4v6wdjm1xxqwaaba 4633740 4633680 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633740 wikitext text/x-wiki = Belgian Malinois = == Breed == Belgian Malinois == Nickname == Malinois == Group == Herding == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Belgian Malinois, or Malinois, is a large, athletic breed originally from Belgium, known for its intelligence, work ethic, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and provides firm leadership, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. This breed has a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/belgian-malinois/profile/ Pawsome Authority Belgian Malinois Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} c7z7ybj8y09jewc0w51ri3yegjmep6m 0 476753 4633621 4527106 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633621 wikitext text/x-wiki = Border Collie = == Breed == Border Collie == Nickname == Border == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 55 pounds (13.5 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Border Collie, or Border, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, high energy, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and suburban or rural living. Border Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Collie Eye Anomaly, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/border-collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Border Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} rvmot4r76imymm76k96xy517zpi5odp 4633684 4633621 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633684 wikitext text/x-wiki = Border Collie = == Breed == Border Collie == Nickname == Border == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 55 pounds (13.5 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Border Collie, or Border, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, high energy, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and suburban or rural living. Border Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Collie Eye Anomaly, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/border-collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Border Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} gdeo8hxmr6v006hj5vfpr9afnruv614 4633743 4633684 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633743 wikitext text/x-wiki = Border Collie = == Breed == Border Collie == Nickname == Border == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 55 pounds (13.5 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Border Collie, or Border, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, high energy, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and suburban or rural living. Border Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Collie Eye Anomaly, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/border-collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Border Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} 5dsgfyz3eksir8917k6erag3i8cfoou 0 476754 4633629 4527105 2026-05-03T02:22:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633629 wikitext text/x-wiki = Collie = == Breed == Collie == Nickname == - == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 75 pounds (22.5 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Hip Dysplasia (CHD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Collie is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its gentle temperament, long flowing coat, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Hip Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} b7ui4dbtshjw43z5qqcs7wxf56kdi30 4633694 4633629 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633694 wikitext text/x-wiki = Collie = == Breed == Collie == Nickname == - == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 75 pounds (22.5 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Hip Dysplasia (CHD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Collie is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its gentle temperament, long flowing coat, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Hip Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 7x0lhs5epu8kzduj9n1p2mpilreess4 4633753 4633694 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633753 wikitext text/x-wiki = Collie = == Breed == Collie == Nickname == - == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 75 pounds (22.5 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Hip Dysplasia (CHD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Collie is a medium, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its gentle temperament, long flowing coat, and herding instincts. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. Collies have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Hip Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/collie/profile/ Pawsome Authority Collie Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} qpteza6yl8ul35a11hei9bs6dyzfj56 0 476755 4633633 4527104 2026-05-03T02:22:37Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633633 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shepherd = == Breed == German Shepherd == Nickname == GSD == Group == Herding == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 90 pounds (22.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Osteoarthritis (OA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The German Shepherd, or GSD, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, working instincts, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. German Shepherds have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Osteoarthritis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} mmtx1prkhl10zkmseu4vghhduoyhnei 4633700 4633633 2026-05-03T02:23:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633700 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shepherd = == Breed == German Shepherd == Nickname == GSD == Group == Herding == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 90 pounds (22.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Osteoarthritis (OA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The German Shepherd, or GSD, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, working instincts, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. German Shepherds have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Osteoarthritis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 9i2tw9lf4e7ativf2cpmsi1yiq12gs6 4633759 4633700 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633759 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shepherd = == Breed == German Shepherd == Nickname == GSD == Group == Herding == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 22 to 26 inches (56 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 90 pounds (22.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Osteoarthritis (OA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The German Shepherd, or GSD, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, working instincts, and athletic build. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities, ideally in a suburban or rural setting. German Shepherds have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Osteoarthritis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} dr0ct5dhlfc05eou9u4h6u8boeldllg 0 476756 4633638 4527103 2026-05-03T02:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633638 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature American Shepherd = == Breed == Miniature American Shepherd == Nickname == MAS == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 18 inches (33 to 45.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1 (MDR1), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature American Shepherd, or MAS, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its intelligence, energy, and compact size. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and can adapt to either urban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature American Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} h2pl159n9emj1rb3d9tdo0pqxd8wvd7 4633705 4633638 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633705 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature American Shepherd = == Breed == Miniature American Shepherd == Nickname == MAS == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 18 inches (33 to 45.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1 (MDR1), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature American Shepherd, or MAS, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its intelligence, energy, and compact size. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and can adapt to either urban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature American Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} ieovdw8x96ez89hvbzya4gexslkp4l2 4633733 4633705 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633733 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature American Shepherd = == Breed == Miniature American Shepherd == Nickname == MAS == Group == Herding == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 18 inches (33 to 45.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1 (MDR1), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature American Shepherd, or MAS, is a medium, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its intelligence, energy, and compact size. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and can adapt to either urban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature American Shepherd Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} lcznspx2r698pna8uf6l2wttcbgod4p 0 476757 4633605 4527102 2026-05-03T02:22:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633605 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pembroke Welsh Corgi = == Breed == Pembroke Welsh Corgi == Nickname == Pembroke == Group == Herding == Origin == Wales == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 23 to 30 pounds (10.5 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Pembroke Welsh Corgi, or Pembroke, is a small, long breed originally from Wales, known for its herding instincts, short legs, and affectionate nature. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Pembrokes have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pembroke-welsh-corgi/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pembroke Welsh Corgi Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} dt7f99wj33cgrm26uj7dzm6rtufmx4c 4633709 4633605 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633709 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pembroke Welsh Corgi = == Breed == Pembroke Welsh Corgi == Nickname == Pembroke == Group == Herding == Origin == Wales == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 23 to 30 pounds (10.5 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Pembroke Welsh Corgi, or Pembroke, is a small, long breed originally from Wales, known for its herding instincts, short legs, and affectionate nature. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Pembrokes have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pembroke-welsh-corgi/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pembroke Welsh Corgi Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} kaau7rmmo51c8l4f08l0zhghgr10eu5 4633729 4633709 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633729 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pembroke Welsh Corgi = == Breed == Pembroke Welsh Corgi == Nickname == Pembroke == Group == Herding == Origin == Wales == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 23 to 30 pounds (10.5 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Pembroke Welsh Corgi, or Pembroke, is a small, long breed originally from Wales, known for its herding instincts, short legs, and affectionate nature. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Pembrokes have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pembroke-welsh-corgi/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pembroke Welsh Corgi Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} py4rc1xp9f63619egr238tmdib7jq7y 0 476758 4633608 4527101 2026-05-03T02:22:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633608 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shetland Sheepdog = == Breed == Shetland Sheepdog == Nickname == Sheltie == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 25 pounds (7 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Shetland Sheepdog, or Sheltie, is a small, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, herding instincts, and long coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and outdoor activities. Shelties have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shetland-sheepdog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shetland Sheepdog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 1r4utrw0neurlezco7ja51xkccduudx 4633713 4633608 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633713 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shetland Sheepdog = == Breed == Shetland Sheepdog == Nickname == Sheltie == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 25 pounds (7 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Shetland Sheepdog, or Sheltie, is a small, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, herding instincts, and long coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and outdoor activities. Shelties have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shetland-sheepdog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shetland Sheepdog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} sydkhm3kwzyf4euw0yhcqexnkmbnw7h 4633725 4633713 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633725 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shetland Sheepdog = == Breed == Shetland Sheepdog == Nickname == Sheltie == Group == Herding == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 25 pounds (7 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Shetland Sheepdog, or Sheltie, is a small, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its intelligence, herding instincts, and long coat. As part of the Herding Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and outdoor activities. Shelties have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Collie Eye Anomaly. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shetland-sheepdog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shetland Sheepdog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Herding|← Back to Herding Group]] {{BookCat}} aixnmr4rhdhnmnsl9i34mf6bh9zogjp 0 476759 4633615 4527100 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633615 wikitext text/x-wiki = Basset Hound = == Breed == Basset Hound == Nickname == Basset == Group == Hound == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Heavy * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Basset Hound, or Basset, is a medium-sized, heavy breed originally from France, known for its remarkable sense of smell, long droopy ears, and laid-back demeanor. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys leisurely walks and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Basset Hounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/basset-hound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Basset Hound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 1v05scbm5zbwllvd4hylspgjow914n2 4633677 4633615 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633677 wikitext text/x-wiki = Basset Hound = == Breed == Basset Hound == Nickname == Basset == Group == Hound == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Heavy * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Basset Hound, or Basset, is a medium-sized, heavy breed originally from France, known for its remarkable sense of smell, long droopy ears, and laid-back demeanor. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys leisurely walks and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Basset Hounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/basset-hound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Basset Hound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} odaq1k36giauonvf59ehln5df45b2ts 4633739 4633677 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633739 wikitext text/x-wiki = Basset Hound = == Breed == Basset Hound == Nickname == Basset == Group == Hound == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Heavy * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Basset Hound, or Basset, is a medium-sized, heavy breed originally from France, known for its remarkable sense of smell, long droopy ears, and laid-back demeanor. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys leisurely walks and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Basset Hounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Intervertebral Disc Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/basset-hound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Basset Hound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} i63gqjphnsm8mkyy9oqjn3dtx5ut5di 0 476760 4633616 4527099 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633616 wikitext text/x-wiki = Beagle = == Breed == Beagle == Nickname == No commonly used nickname == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Beagle is a small, compact breed originally from England, known for its sense of smell, friendly demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities and can accommodate urban or suburban living. Beagles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/beagle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Beagle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} c1yhdsf346jkwz8igvtevtv6h6yligh 4633679 4633616 2026-05-03T02:23:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633679 wikitext text/x-wiki = Beagle = == Breed == Beagle == Nickname == No commonly used nickname == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Beagle is a small, compact breed originally from England, known for its sense of smell, friendly demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities and can accommodate urban or suburban living. Beagles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/beagle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Beagle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} lspzpknzfhwnqj5ib1p9013sftujj6h 4633738 4633679 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633738 wikitext text/x-wiki = Beagle = == Breed == Beagle == Nickname == No commonly used nickname == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13 to 16 inches (33 to 40.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, Canine Epilepsy == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Beagle is a small, compact breed originally from England, known for its sense of smell, friendly demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities and can accommodate urban or suburban living. Beagles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism, and Canine Epilepsy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/beagle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Beagle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} hmnav4ski8xwp8towwjvpzwea9elbye 0 476761 4633620 4527098 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633620 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bloodhound = == Breed == Bloodhound == Nickname == - == Group == Hound == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 110 pounds (36.5 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Bloodhound is a large, heavy breed originally from Belgium, known for its tracking abilities, wrinkled skin, and gentle temperament. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Bloodhounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bloodhound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bloodhound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 5gw1t3w2awdp5v0s77q74i3ymjbkv8g 4633683 4633620 2026-05-03T02:23:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633683 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bloodhound = == Breed == Bloodhound == Nickname == - == Group == Hound == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 110 pounds (36.5 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Bloodhound is a large, heavy breed originally from Belgium, known for its tracking abilities, wrinkled skin, and gentle temperament. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Bloodhounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bloodhound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bloodhound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 2yban0743088jbnly8te9gdfghe7yf7 4633744 4633683 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633744 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bloodhound = == Breed == Bloodhound == Nickname == - == Group == Hound == Origin == Belgium == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 110 pounds (36.5 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Bloodhound is a large, heavy breed originally from Belgium, known for its tracking abilities, wrinkled skin, and gentle temperament. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Bloodhounds have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bloodhound/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bloodhound Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} co456xay21etq4760ujjtbd0489tg01 0 476762 4633630 4527097 2026-05-03T02:22:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633630 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dachshund = == Breed == Dachshund == Nickname == Doxie == Group == Hound == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 7.5 to 9 inches (19 to 23 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 32 pounds (7.5 to 14.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 (smooth), 4/5 (long-haired), 3/5 (wire-haired) * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days (smooth), every 2 to 3 days (long-haired), every 3 to 4 days (wire-haired) * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired), every 6 to 8 weeks (wire-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dachshund, or Doxie, is a small, long breed originally from Germany, known for its courageous nature, elongated body, and hunting instincts. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Intervertebral Disc Disease, Canine Obesity, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dachshund/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dachshund Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} n7hsrgqholskmafyquurhzfis447eyk 4633693 4633630 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633693 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dachshund = == Breed == Dachshund == Nickname == Doxie == Group == Hound == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 7.5 to 9 inches (19 to 23 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 32 pounds (7.5 to 14.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 (smooth), 4/5 (long-haired), 3/5 (wire-haired) * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days (smooth), every 2 to 3 days (long-haired), every 3 to 4 days (wire-haired) * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired), every 6 to 8 weeks (wire-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dachshund, or Doxie, is a small, long breed originally from Germany, known for its courageous nature, elongated body, and hunting instincts. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Intervertebral Disc Disease, Canine Obesity, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dachshund/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dachshund Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} m024z0nq35r69oe42dydbanylij5rne 4633754 4633693 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633754 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dachshund = == Breed == Dachshund == Nickname == Doxie == Group == Hound == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Long * Height: 7.5 to 9 inches (19 to 23 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 32 pounds (7.5 to 14.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 5/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 (smooth), 4/5 (long-haired), 3/5 (wire-haired) * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days (smooth), every 2 to 3 days (long-haired), every 3 to 4 days (wire-haired) * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired), every 6 to 8 weeks (wire-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), Canine Obesity, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dachshund, or Doxie, is a small, long breed originally from Germany, known for its courageous nature, elongated body, and hunting instincts. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Intervertebral Disc Disease, Canine Obesity, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dachshund/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dachshund Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} n5n19r3sas6qe88t0zcuabhxpevgmjd 0 476763 4633642 4527096 2026-05-03T02:22:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633642 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rhodesian Ridgeback = == Breed == Rhodesian Ridgeback == Nickname == Ridgie == Group == Hound == Origin == Southern Africa == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 27 inches (61 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 90 pounds (31.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Dermoid Sinus == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rhodesian Ridgeback, or Ridgie, is a large, athletic breed originally from Southern Africa, known for its ridge of hair, hunting instincts, and loyalty. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and is family-oriented (with older children). Rhodesian Ridgebacks have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Dermoid Sinus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rhodesian-ridgeback/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rhodesian Ridgeback Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 9zjxprvs6zn963of6d9wnihkhj4ox6m 4633711 4633642 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633711 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rhodesian Ridgeback = == Breed == Rhodesian Ridgeback == Nickname == Ridgie == Group == Hound == Origin == Southern Africa == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 27 inches (61 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 90 pounds (31.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Dermoid Sinus == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rhodesian Ridgeback, or Ridgie, is a large, athletic breed originally from Southern Africa, known for its ridge of hair, hunting instincts, and loyalty. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and is family-oriented (with older children). Rhodesian Ridgebacks have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Dermoid Sinus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rhodesian-ridgeback/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rhodesian Ridgeback Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 2wx0384m11exo4me2hils6oa8evnp1e 4633728 4633711 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633728 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rhodesian Ridgeback = == Breed == Rhodesian Ridgeback == Nickname == Ridgie == Group == Hound == Origin == Southern Africa == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 27 inches (61 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 90 pounds (31.5 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Dermoid Sinus == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rhodesian Ridgeback, or Ridgie, is a large, athletic breed originally from Southern Africa, known for its ridge of hair, hunting instincts, and loyalty. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and is family-oriented (with older children). Rhodesian Ridgebacks have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Dermoid Sinus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rhodesian-ridgeback/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rhodesian Ridgeback Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} 0mh9am3i9p4qy8j5m325zq9ssbxkkbo 0 476764 4633650 4527095 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633650 wikitext text/x-wiki = Whippet = == Breed == Whippet == Nickname == Whip == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Whippet, or Whip, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its athletic build, gentle nature, and speed. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, running, and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/whippet/profile/ Pawsome Authority Whippet Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} n6l9x7erq12uepzpk1szjgkbdfathjb 4633670 4633650 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633670 wikitext text/x-wiki = Whippet = == Breed == Whippet == Nickname == Whip == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Whippet, or Whip, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its athletic build, gentle nature, and speed. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, running, and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/whippet/profile/ Pawsome Authority Whippet Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} fga4d9m8s0qirbuydx8u7zcskjlb3bl 4633771 4633670 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633771 wikitext text/x-wiki = Whippet = == Breed == Whippet == Nickname == Whip == Group == Hound == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 22 inches (45.5 to 56 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Whippet, or Whip, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its athletic build, gentle nature, and speed. As part of the Hound Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, running, and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/whippet/profile/ Pawsome Authority Whippet Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Hound|← Back to Hound Group]] {{BookCat}} 95oei0r8ugqm778i49lmlnmm09sf1vz 0 476765 4633619 4527094 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633619 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bichon Frisé = == Breed == Bichon Frisé == Nickname == Bichon == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Spain == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 9.5 to 11.5 inches (24 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 1/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Bichon Frisé, or Bichon, is a small, petite breed originally from Spain, known for its cheerful disposition, fluffy white coat, and sociable nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner living in urban environments who enjoys indoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bichon Frisé Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} hmk7lll5vij9mexe0knafeorzt467ki 4633682 4633619 2026-05-03T02:23:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633682 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bichon Frisé = == Breed == Bichon Frisé == Nickname == Bichon == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Spain == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 9.5 to 11.5 inches (24 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 1/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Bichon Frisé, or Bichon, is a small, petite breed originally from Spain, known for its cheerful disposition, fluffy white coat, and sociable nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner living in urban environments who enjoys indoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bichon Frisé Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} hlgl15t9ooqzz8uxz0ww0ffdgr1978o 4633742 4633682 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633742 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bichon Frisé = == Breed == Bichon Frisé == Nickname == Bichon == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Spain == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 9.5 to 11.5 inches (24 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 1/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Bichon Frisé, or Bichon, is a small, petite breed originally from Spain, known for its cheerful disposition, fluffy white coat, and sociable nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner living in urban environments who enjoys indoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Bladder Stones, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bichon Frisé Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} eueofqzlmm0z9hsymwq6vxah5y9v115 0 476766 4633622 4527093 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633622 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boston Terrier = == Breed == Boston Terrier == Nickname == Boston == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 14 to 17 inches (35.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 25 pounds (4.5 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Patellar Luxation, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Boston Terrier, or Boston, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its lively personality, compact size, and tuxedo-like markings. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living, indoor-oriented owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Boston Terriers have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Patellar Luxation, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boston-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boston Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} ater5zxam2onyr2fnjvzfwfu2tafy1s 4633685 4633622 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633685 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boston Terrier = == Breed == Boston Terrier == Nickname == Boston == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 14 to 17 inches (35.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 25 pounds (4.5 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Patellar Luxation, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Boston Terrier, or Boston, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its lively personality, compact size, and tuxedo-like markings. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living, indoor-oriented owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Boston Terriers have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Patellar Luxation, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boston-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boston Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 93pjzu0jbtmdy2w7n29wcjumj3xoprc 4633745 4633685 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633745 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boston Terrier = == Breed == Boston Terrier == Nickname == Boston == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 14 to 17 inches (35.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 25 pounds (4.5 to 11.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Patellar Luxation, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Boston Terrier, or Boston, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its lively personality, compact size, and tuxedo-like markings. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living, indoor-oriented owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Boston Terriers have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Patellar Luxation, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boston-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boston Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 9fl4dong9y2iiiosks56w1zkvgv064l 0 476767 4633625 4527092 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633625 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bulldog = == Breed == Bulldog == Nickname == Bully == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Stocky * Height: 12 to 15 inches (30.5 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 1/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Bulldog, or Bully, is a medium, stocky breed originally from England, known for its calm demeanor, stocky build, and wrinkled face. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary, urban-living, indoors owner, single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} kfwdsdi3v4b2w8jlfe5lt9ux518xkg5 4633688 4633625 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633688 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bulldog = == Breed == Bulldog == Nickname == Bully == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Stocky * Height: 12 to 15 inches (30.5 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 1/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Bulldog, or Bully, is a medium, stocky breed originally from England, known for its calm demeanor, stocky build, and wrinkled face. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary, urban-living, indoors owner, single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} koyhzqr1e6idgpg4pgnpdfbbbwpur8w 4633748 4633688 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633748 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bulldog = == Breed == Bulldog == Nickname == Bully == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Stocky * Height: 12 to 15 inches (30.5 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 1/5 * Intelligence: 2/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The Bulldog, or Bully, is a medium, stocky breed originally from England, known for its calm demeanor, stocky build, and wrinkled face. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary, urban-living, indoors owner, single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} gzz4lhnb60c3sqkt8kub0jt7g17y0ds 0 476768 4633606 4527091 2026-05-03T02:22:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633606 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dalmatian = == Breed == Dalmatian == Nickname == Dal == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Croatia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, Urolithiasis (Bladder Stones) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dalmatian, or Dal, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Croatia, known for its spotted coat, high energy, and friendly demeanor. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys providing firm leadership and living in suburban or rural areas. Dalmatians have a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and are prone to Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, and Urolithiasis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dalmatian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dalmatian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} qnpmrozuq76x02nz5l1psviez7uiipy 4633696 4633606 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633696 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dalmatian = == Breed == Dalmatian == Nickname == Dal == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Croatia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, Urolithiasis (Bladder Stones) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dalmatian, or Dal, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Croatia, known for its spotted coat, high energy, and friendly demeanor. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys providing firm leadership and living in suburban or rural areas. Dalmatians have a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and are prone to Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, and Urolithiasis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dalmatian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dalmatian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 4mrd5wjkrnhk9cugij5a5emmh358qrc 4633755 4633696 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633755 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dalmatian = == Breed == Dalmatian == Nickname == Dal == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Croatia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, Urolithiasis (Bladder Stones) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Dalmatian, or Dal, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Croatia, known for its spotted coat, high energy, and friendly demeanor. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys providing firm leadership and living in suburban or rural areas. Dalmatians have a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and are prone to Deafness, Hyperuricosuria, and Urolithiasis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/dalmatian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Dalmatian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 2t4xzp0bupfvj5ths830vl45g1c713o 0 476769 4633610 4527090 2026-05-03T02:22:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633610 wikitext text/x-wiki = French Bulldog = == Breed == French Bulldog == Nickname == Frenchie == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 28 pounds (7 to 12.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The French Bulldog, or Frenchie, is a small, stocky breed originally from England, known for its playful demeanor, compact size, and bat-like ears. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. French Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/french-bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority French Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} shcasii0nsxep39i19hsqv7us75cb4p 4633697 4633610 2026-05-03T02:23:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633697 wikitext text/x-wiki = French Bulldog = == Breed == French Bulldog == Nickname == Frenchie == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 28 pounds (7 to 12.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The French Bulldog, or Frenchie, is a small, stocky breed originally from England, known for its playful demeanor, compact size, and bat-like ears. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. French Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/french-bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority French Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} pi8q1pgcvhuqlb9v2sa5hzcvhb7ut28 4633758 4633697 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633758 wikitext text/x-wiki = French Bulldog = == Breed == French Bulldog == Nickname == Frenchie == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 10 to 12 inches (25.5 to 30.5 centimeters) * Weight: 15 to 28 pounds (7 to 12.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Skin Fold Dermatitis (SFD) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The French Bulldog, or Frenchie, is a small, stocky breed originally from England, known for its playful demeanor, compact size, and bat-like ears. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. French Bulldogs have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Skin Fold Dermatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/french-bulldog/profile/ Pawsome Authority French Bulldog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 877eyskymcpga9ug0tfguojcvr6rwxq 0 476770 4633637 4527089 2026-05-03T02:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633637 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Poodle = == Breed == Miniature Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 7 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Miniature Poodle, or Poodle, is a small, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, hypoallergenic coat, and lively nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Canine Obesity, Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} m3hnsvaapavprvnhbzzapgd8mfyvnbm 4633706 4633637 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633706 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Poodle = == Breed == Miniature Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 7 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Miniature Poodle, or Poodle, is a small, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, hypoallergenic coat, and lively nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Canine Obesity, Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} cwrxfaocbx0wt90zpg0vitkq2oc3ak1 4633731 4633706 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633731 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Poodle = == Breed == Miniature Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Athletic * Height: 11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 7 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Miniature Poodle, or Poodle, is a small, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, hypoallergenic coat, and lively nature. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Canine Obesity, Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} e8ku38qrhtj9eg41j13na2revltpxmn 0 476771 4633643 4527088 2026-05-03T02:22:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633643 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shiba Inu = == Breed == Shiba Inu == Nickname == Shiba == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 16.5 inches (34.5 to 42 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 24 pounds (7.5 to 11 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Shiba Inu, or Shiba, is a small, compact breed originally from Japan, known for its fox-like appearance, independent nature, and spirited personality. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who provides firm leadership and enjoys urban living. Shibas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shiba-inu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shiba Inu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 7u3cyth39v4x1f39ljcgj3f5o88f5rs 4633672 4633643 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633672 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shiba Inu = == Breed == Shiba Inu == Nickname == Shiba == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 16.5 inches (34.5 to 42 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 24 pounds (7.5 to 11 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Shiba Inu, or Shiba, is a small, compact breed originally from Japan, known for its fox-like appearance, independent nature, and spirited personality. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who provides firm leadership and enjoys urban living. Shibas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shiba-inu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shiba Inu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} qt2un2aost5tjaz64f8zed3yba14y0y 4633765 4633672 2026-05-03T02:24:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633765 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shiba Inu = == Breed == Shiba Inu == Nickname == Shiba == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 16.5 inches (34.5 to 42 centimeters) * Weight: 16 to 24 pounds (7.5 to 11 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Shiba Inu, or Shiba, is a small, compact breed originally from Japan, known for its fox-like appearance, independent nature, and spirited personality. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who provides firm leadership and enjoys urban living. Shibas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Hip Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shiba-inu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shiba Inu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} t24u3xl4lznlgngkj8dj87mmh1ywg5q 0 476772 4633644 4527087 2026-05-03T02:22:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633644 wikitext text/x-wiki = Standard Poodle = == Breed == Standard Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 24 inches (45.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 70 pounds (18 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Standard Poodle, or Poodle, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, elegant build, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Poodles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/standard-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Standard Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} o0qnajazj0d9b91u9z5x9b3v0rk0zxy 4633712 4633644 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633712 wikitext text/x-wiki = Standard Poodle = == Breed == Standard Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 24 inches (45.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 70 pounds (18 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Standard Poodle, or Poodle, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, elegant build, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Poodles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/standard-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Standard Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} sh5ru952c6enqzyvbpm663lmxy8be5z 4633726 4633712 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633726 wikitext text/x-wiki = Standard Poodle = == Breed == Standard Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Non-Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 24 inches (45.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 70 pounds (18 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Standard Poodle, or Poodle, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, elegant build, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Non-Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Poodles have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/standard-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Standard Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Non-Sporting|← Back to Non-Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 29n5emdmanglj4uvmxrbxvunuo7dt14 0 476773 4633612 4527086 2026-05-03T02:22:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633612 wikitext text/x-wiki = American Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == American Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 15.5 inches (34.5 to 39.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The American Cocker Spaniel, or Cocker, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its friendly nature, long silky ears, and playful behavior. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Cockers have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/american-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority American Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 93hdmvdb987msn5tj7cdctpdme5emtf 4633675 4633612 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633675 wikitext text/x-wiki = American Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == American Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 15.5 inches (34.5 to 39.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The American Cocker Spaniel, or Cocker, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its friendly nature, long silky ears, and playful behavior. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Cockers have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/american-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority American Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} m2cuh8eu29sarxojkka2edwix8v6vbo 4633735 4633675 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633735 wikitext text/x-wiki = American Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == American Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 13.5 to 15.5 inches (34.5 to 39.5 centimeters) * Weight: 20 to 30 pounds (9 to 13.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The American Cocker Spaniel, or Cocker, is a small, compact breed originally from the United States, known for its friendly nature, long silky ears, and playful behavior. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in an urban or suburban environment. Cockers have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Cataracts, Hip Dysplasia, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/american-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority American Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 17gj6rg7bmn4t65jzq6iw68eup49fyz 0 476774 4633603 4601240 2026-05-03T02:22:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633603 wikitext text/x-wiki = Brittany = == Breed == Brittany == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20.5 inches (43 to 52 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 40 pounds (13.5 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Brittany is a medium, athletic breed originally from France, known for its high energy, hunting instincts, and agile build. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living with older children, preferably in suburban or rural settings. Brittanys have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. Brittanys are also notable for having appeared in some television shows; even the titular character from [[wikipedia:SamSam|''SamSam'']] has a small pink, trumpet-like dog called Claxon, who is assumed to be a generic variety of Brittany. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/brittany/profile/ Pawsome Authority Brittany Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} eu84ecp6p73ux0pne0jf5nxp6gnwte9 4633687 4633603 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633687 wikitext text/x-wiki = Brittany = == Breed == Brittany == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20.5 inches (43 to 52 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 40 pounds (13.5 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Brittany is a medium, athletic breed originally from France, known for its high energy, hunting instincts, and agile build. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living with older children, preferably in suburban or rural settings. Brittanys have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. Brittanys are also notable for having appeared in some television shows; even the titular character from [[wikipedia:SamSam|''SamSam'']] has a small pink, trumpet-like dog called Claxon, who is assumed to be a generic variety of Brittany. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/brittany/profile/ Pawsome Authority Brittany Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 2joscpu2n4c87vd3rx3su6i42ep7mjo 4633747 4633687 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633747 wikitext text/x-wiki = Brittany = == Breed == Brittany == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 17 to 20.5 inches (43 to 52 centimeters) * Weight: 30 to 40 pounds (13.5 to 18 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Brittany is a medium, athletic breed originally from France, known for its high energy, hunting instincts, and agile build. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living with older children, preferably in suburban or rural settings. Brittanys have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. Brittanys are also notable for having appeared in some television shows; even the titular character from [[wikipedia:SamSam|''SamSam'']] has a small pink, trumpet-like dog called Claxon, who is assumed to be a generic variety of Brittany. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/brittany/profile/ Pawsome Authority Brittany Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} dl6u9rb3m10417o4uu7buou93vh52gx 0 476775 4633627 4527084 2026-05-03T02:22:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633627 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chesapeake Bay Retriever = == Breed == Chesapeake Bay Retriever == Nickname == Chessie == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 26 inches (53.5 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Chesapeake Bay Retriever, or Chessie, is a large, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its water-resistant coat, swimming ability, and protective nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who provides firm leadership and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Chessies have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chesapeake-bay-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chesapeake Bay Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 3k8tk77sswcx22ugj5r6b706c6xiyk5 4633691 4633627 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633691 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chesapeake Bay Retriever = == Breed == Chesapeake Bay Retriever == Nickname == Chessie == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 26 inches (53.5 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Chesapeake Bay Retriever, or Chessie, is a large, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its water-resistant coat, swimming ability, and protective nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who provides firm leadership and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Chessies have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chesapeake-bay-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chesapeake Bay Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} ltx4tdmmr7x8k3q1ndd55mqkk0oiozl 4633751 4633691 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633751 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chesapeake Bay Retriever = == Breed == Chesapeake Bay Retriever == Nickname == Chessie == Group == Sporting == Origin == United States == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 26 inches (53.5 to 66 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Chesapeake Bay Retriever, or Chessie, is a large, athletic breed originally from the United States, known for its water-resistant coat, swimming ability, and protective nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who provides firm leadership and lives in a suburban or rural setting. Chessies have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chesapeake-bay-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chesapeake Bay Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 39zbc3la0hqm7l7v9uho9m46qtujtu3 0 476776 4633631 4527083 2026-05-03T02:22:37Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633631 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == English Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == English Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Compact * Height: 16 to 17 inches (40.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 26 to 34 pounds (12 to 15.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The English Cocker Spaniel, or English Cocker, is a medium, compact breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, long wavy ears, and playfulness. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in urban or suburban settings. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 355zjasvezh83rb4h3v7o7b1k0udboq 4633695 4633631 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633695 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == English Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == English Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Compact * Height: 16 to 17 inches (40.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 26 to 34 pounds (12 to 15.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The English Cocker Spaniel, or English Cocker, is a medium, compact breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, long wavy ears, and playfulness. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in urban or suburban settings. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} r3xnlrai0oso4cq8qzuygkhveph05ud 4633756 4633695 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633756 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Cocker Spaniel = == Breed == English Cocker Spaniel == Nickname == English Cocker == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Compact * Height: 16 to 17 inches (40.5 to 43 centimeters) * Weight: 26 to 34 pounds (12 to 15.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 4/5 == Summary == The English Cocker Spaniel, or English Cocker, is a medium, compact breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, long wavy ears, and playfulness. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys moderate outdoor activities and lives in urban or suburban settings. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-cocker-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Cocker Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 6x3c4tm98bu7pxo0syp0xeom8evur0f 0 476777 4633632 4527082 2026-05-03T02:22:37Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633632 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Springer Spaniel = == Breed == English Springer Spaniel == Nickname == Springer == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 20 inches (45.5 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The English Springer Spaniel, or Springer, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its friendly disposition, retrieving instincts, and energetic nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, hunting, and training, and is family-oriented, especially in a suburban or rural living environment. Springers have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-springer-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Springer Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} i5h71j0r2jpajh41s5g1m39866bnmdq 4633698 4633632 2026-05-03T02:23:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633698 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Springer Spaniel = == Breed == English Springer Spaniel == Nickname == Springer == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 20 inches (45.5 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The English Springer Spaniel, or Springer, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its friendly disposition, retrieving instincts, and energetic nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, hunting, and training, and is family-oriented, especially in a suburban or rural living environment. Springers have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-springer-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Springer Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 2xwgig5r91l3iozppvsj4khv6c3pp5w 4633757 4633698 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633757 wikitext text/x-wiki = English Springer Spaniel = == Breed == English Springer Spaniel == Nickname == Springer == Group == Sporting == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 18 to 20 inches (45.5 to 51 centimeters) * Weight: 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The English Springer Spaniel, or Springer, is a medium, athletic breed originally from England, known for its friendly disposition, retrieving instincts, and energetic nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys outdoor activities, hunting, and training, and is family-oriented, especially in a suburban or rural living environment. Springers have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/english-springer-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority English Springer Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} rm21q7badvhg6d84bt8ah52q0uwz2mn 0 476778 4633634 4527081 2026-05-03T02:22:37Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633634 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shorthaired Pointer = == Breed == German Shorthaired Pointer == Nickname == GSP == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 25 inches (53.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The German Shorthaired Pointer, or GSP, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its versatility in the field, athletic build, and high energy. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) in suburban or rural living environments. This breed has a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shorthaired-pointer/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shorthaired Pointer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 4v2a305mg81t446xqzosb6r51d7c5bw 4633699 4633634 2026-05-03T02:23:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633699 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shorthaired Pointer = == Breed == German Shorthaired Pointer == Nickname == GSP == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 25 inches (53.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The German Shorthaired Pointer, or GSP, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its versatility in the field, athletic build, and high energy. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) in suburban or rural living environments. This breed has a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shorthaired-pointer/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shorthaired Pointer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 0au4kih6d6vlh69nthqcmuu8k38rrp2 4633760 4633699 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633760 wikitext text/x-wiki = German Shorthaired Pointer = == Breed == German Shorthaired Pointer == Nickname == GSP == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 25 inches (53.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 70 pounds (20.5 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 13 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The German Shorthaired Pointer, or GSP, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its versatility in the field, athletic build, and high energy. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) in suburban or rural living environments. This breed has a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/german-shorthaired-pointer/profile/ Pawsome Authority German Shorthaired Pointer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} ndrwzu2c2gmnf5rvke680wyjx0ur66d 0 476779 4633607 4527080 2026-05-03T02:22:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633607 wikitext text/x-wiki = Golden Retriever = == Breed == Golden Retriever == Nickname == Retriever == Group == Sporting == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24 inches (54.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 75 pounds (25 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Golden Retriever, or Retriever, is a large, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its friendly temperament, dense golden coat, and retrieving skills. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner with children (younger and older) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Golden Retrievers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/golden-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Golden Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} b6tpp07i03y0r4eaggzvcwkn5w8agov 4633701 4633607 2026-05-03T02:23:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633701 wikitext text/x-wiki = Golden Retriever = == Breed == Golden Retriever == Nickname == Retriever == Group == Sporting == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24 inches (54.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 75 pounds (25 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Golden Retriever, or Retriever, is a large, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its friendly temperament, dense golden coat, and retrieving skills. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner with children (younger and older) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Golden Retrievers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/golden-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Golden Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} o5y4ekep91mbj6xbsrfjpmzxfnvmoe7 4633761 4633701 2026-05-03T02:24:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633761 wikitext text/x-wiki = Golden Retriever = == Breed == Golden Retriever == Nickname == Retriever == Group == Sporting == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24 inches (54.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 75 pounds (25 to 34 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Golden Retriever, or Retriever, is a large, athletic breed originally from Scotland, known for its friendly temperament, dense golden coat, and retrieving skills. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner with children (younger and older) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Golden Retrievers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/golden-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Golden Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} pin8df56c20psv07nzi68xiyoflltio 0 476780 4633636 4527079 2026-05-03T02:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633636 wikitext text/x-wiki = Labrador Retriever = == Breed == Labrador Retriever == Nickname == Labrador == Group == Sporting == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24.5 inches (54.5 to 62 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Labrador Retriever, or Labrador, is a large, athletic breed originally from Canada, known for its friendly nature, retrieving instincts, and intelligence. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with both younger and older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Labradors have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/labrador-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Labrador Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} n81yrkneqsdclopq676fa82bl04z4ke 4633703 4633636 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633703 wikitext text/x-wiki = Labrador Retriever = == Breed == Labrador Retriever == Nickname == Labrador == Group == Sporting == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24.5 inches (54.5 to 62 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Labrador Retriever, or Labrador, is a large, athletic breed originally from Canada, known for its friendly nature, retrieving instincts, and intelligence. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with both younger and older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Labradors have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/labrador-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Labrador Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} q4klxyyk9tapk07jwc1fzgd8pwkvl67 4633730 4633703 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633730 wikitext text/x-wiki = Labrador Retriever = == Breed == Labrador Retriever == Nickname == Labrador == Group == Sporting == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 21.5 to 24.5 inches (54.5 to 62 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 80 pounds (25 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Labrador Retriever, or Labrador, is a large, athletic breed originally from Canada, known for its friendly nature, retrieving instincts, and intelligence. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with both younger and older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and training. Labradors have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, and Elbow Dysplasia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/labrador-retriever/profile/ Pawsome Authority Labrador Retriever Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} ssgreyeyihi9j4ic13vs52eknjkez6k 0 476781 4633647 4527078 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633647 wikitext text/x-wiki = Vizsla = == Breed == Vizsla == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == Hungary == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 24 inches (53.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 65 pounds (20.5 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Vizsla is a medium, athletic breed originally from Hungary, known for its muscular build, high energy, and affectionate nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living (with children). Vizslas have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/vizsla/profile/ Pawsome Authority Vizsla Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 0cxo13h4ve7d1f8y760ad07p0vngtfv 4633663 4633647 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633663 wikitext text/x-wiki = Vizsla = == Breed == Vizsla == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == Hungary == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 24 inches (53.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 65 pounds (20.5 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Vizsla is a medium, athletic breed originally from Hungary, known for its muscular build, high energy, and affectionate nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living (with children). Vizslas have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/vizsla/profile/ Pawsome Authority Vizsla Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} smnezvvhf4if08axd2vq5h9r3x4erne 4633768 4633663 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633768 wikitext text/x-wiki = Vizsla = == Breed == Vizsla == Nickname == - == Group == Sporting == Origin == Hungary == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 21 to 24 inches (53.5 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 45 to 65 pounds (20.5 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Canine Epilepsy, Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Vizsla is a medium, athletic breed originally from Hungary, known for its muscular build, high energy, and affectionate nature. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and family-oriented living (with children). Vizslas have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Canine Epilepsy, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/vizsla/profile/ Pawsome Authority Vizsla Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} h5o20x19dahhabewzrq9onirlfxl9jq 0 476782 4633648 4527077 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633648 wikitext text/x-wiki = Weimaraner = == Breed == Weimaraner == Nickname == Weim == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 90 pounds (25 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Weimaraner, or Weim, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its sleek gray coat, intelligence, and hunting instincts. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, running, or hiking. Weimaraners have a life expectancy of 11 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/weimaraner/profile/ Pawsome Authority Weimaraner Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} bjbch9ern2qib5mf36bfkom3g5198c0 4633665 4633648 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633665 wikitext text/x-wiki = Weimaraner = == Breed == Weimaraner == Nickname == Weim == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 90 pounds (25 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Weimaraner, or Weim, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its sleek gray coat, intelligence, and hunting instincts. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, running, or hiking. Weimaraners have a life expectancy of 11 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/weimaraner/profile/ Pawsome Authority Weimaraner Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} gce8k50jbrvfp6cw52mxt6mwdz3gd1q 4633769 4633665 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633769 wikitext text/x-wiki = Weimaraner = == Breed == Weimaraner == Nickname == Weim == Group == Sporting == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 23 to 27 inches (58.5 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 90 pounds (25 to 41 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 14 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Weimaraner, or Weim, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its sleek gray coat, intelligence, and hunting instincts. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, running, or hiking. Weimaraners have a life expectancy of 11 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/weimaraner/profile/ Pawsome Authority Weimaraner Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 9b9svrakfu2hvdpougyxeo3t2ajh1en 0 476783 4633651 4527076 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633651 wikitext text/x-wiki = Wirehaired Pointing Griffon = == Breed == Wirehaired Pointing Griffon == Nickname == Griff == Group == Sporting == Origin == Netherlands and France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 70 pounds (16 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, or Griff, is a medium, muscular breed originally from the Netherlands and France, known for its rough wiry coat, hunting skills, and friendly disposition. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and hunting. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/wirehaired-pointing-griffon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} fk7xxd4609jv1ikqbrnyx76n90ghsj0 4633666 4633651 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633666 wikitext text/x-wiki = Wirehaired Pointing Griffon = == Breed == Wirehaired Pointing Griffon == Nickname == Griff == Group == Sporting == Origin == Netherlands and France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 70 pounds (16 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, or Griff, is a medium, muscular breed originally from the Netherlands and France, known for its rough wiry coat, hunting skills, and friendly disposition. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and hunting. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/wirehaired-pointing-griffon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} ljrxo2aabegfmxi9q9j67uuevydvljf 4633772 4633666 2026-05-03T02:24:27Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633772 wikitext text/x-wiki = Wirehaired Pointing Griffon = == Breed == Wirehaired Pointing Griffon == Nickname == Griff == Group == Sporting == Origin == Netherlands and France == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 70 pounds (16 to 31.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, or Griff, is a medium, muscular breed originally from the Netherlands and France, known for its rough wiry coat, hunting skills, and friendly disposition. As part of the Sporting Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities, training, and hunting. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/wirehaired-pointing-griffon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Sporting|← Back to Sporting Group]] {{BookCat}} 7k1gek8ino9ivkhdreo58exx8figlq2 0 476784 4633639 4527075 2026-05-03T02:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633639 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Schnauzer = == Breed == Miniature Schnauzer == Nickname == Mini Schnauzer == Group == Terrier == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Sturdy * Height: 11 to 14 inches (28 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 20 pounds (5 to 9 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, Pancreatitis == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature Schnauzer, or Mini Schnauzer, is a small, sturdy breed originally from Germany, known for its energetic personality, distinctive beard, and alertness. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and provides firm leadership. Mini Schnauzers have a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, and Pancreatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 0605ckb8s0kktjpxahrdhk4kxsox0eh 4633707 4633639 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633707 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Schnauzer = == Breed == Miniature Schnauzer == Nickname == Mini Schnauzer == Group == Terrier == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Sturdy * Height: 11 to 14 inches (28 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 20 pounds (5 to 9 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, Pancreatitis == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature Schnauzer, or Mini Schnauzer, is a small, sturdy breed originally from Germany, known for its energetic personality, distinctive beard, and alertness. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and provides firm leadership. Mini Schnauzers have a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, and Pancreatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} fscfapeaq08ae95wy72ukhtfd5i2x4s 4633732 4633707 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633732 wikitext text/x-wiki = Miniature Schnauzer = == Breed == Miniature Schnauzer == Nickname == Mini Schnauzer == Group == Terrier == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Sturdy * Height: 11 to 14 inches (28 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 20 pounds (5 to 9 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, Pancreatitis == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Miniature Schnauzer, or Mini Schnauzer, is a small, sturdy breed originally from Germany, known for its energetic personality, distinctive beard, and alertness. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and provides firm leadership. Mini Schnauzers have a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and are prone to Canine Obesity, Bladder Stones, and Pancreatitis. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/miniature-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Miniature Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] {{BookCat}} 92iscczzl5440df5mzvo2hr1y3is1wp 0 476785 4633649 4527074 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633649 wikitext text/x-wiki = West Highland White Terrier = == Breed == West Highland White Terrier == Nickname == Westie == Group == Terrier == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 13 to 21 pounds (6 to 9.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, is a small, stocky breed originally from Scotland, known for its white wiry coat, lively personality, and confident demeanor. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and urban living, whether single or family-oriented with children. Westies have a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years and are prone to Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/west-highland-white-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority West Highland White Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 5ac1xqmhu8o9bqy1pim95o7gvrlqk51 4633669 4633649 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633669 wikitext text/x-wiki = West Highland White Terrier = == Breed == West Highland White Terrier == Nickname == Westie == Group == Terrier == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 13 to 21 pounds (6 to 9.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, is a small, stocky breed originally from Scotland, known for its white wiry coat, lively personality, and confident demeanor. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and urban living, whether single or family-oriented with children. Westies have a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years and are prone to Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/west-highland-white-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority West Highland White Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} hawqmlrv3px5rq195ygdabtckt5ugf1 4633770 4633669 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633770 wikitext text/x-wiki = West Highland White Terrier = == Breed == West Highland White Terrier == Nickname == Westie == Group == Terrier == Origin == Scotland == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Stocky * Height: 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 13 to 21 pounds (6 to 9.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, is a small, stocky breed originally from Scotland, known for its white wiry coat, lively personality, and confident demeanor. As part of the Terrier Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and urban living, whether single or family-oriented with children. Westies have a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years and are prone to Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), Cataracts, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/west-highland-white-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority West Highland White Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Terrier|← Back to Terrier Group]] {{BookCat}} e955cc8odo1h4wfj2cdz4e6wi9ppt2v 0 476786 4633626 4527073 2026-05-03T02:22:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633626 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cavalier King Charles Spaniel = == Breed == Cavalier King Charles Spaniel == Nickname == Cavie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 11 to 13 inches (28 to 33 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 18 pounds (5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 14 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Heart Murmurs, Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, or Cavie, is a small, petite breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, silky coat, and expressive eyes. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Cavaliers have a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years and are prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Heart Murmurs, and Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cavalier-king-charles-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} ha1jltur2r7n33a665120j39e12br8p 4633690 4633626 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633690 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cavalier King Charles Spaniel = == Breed == Cavalier King Charles Spaniel == Nickname == Cavie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 11 to 13 inches (28 to 33 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 18 pounds (5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 14 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Heart Murmurs, Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, or Cavie, is a small, petite breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, silky coat, and expressive eyes. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Cavaliers have a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years and are prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Heart Murmurs, and Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cavalier-king-charles-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} ecbjqmqtaifd026ybb1x804qkfebm93 4633750 4633690 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633750 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cavalier King Charles Spaniel = == Breed == Cavalier King Charles Spaniel == Nickname == Cavie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 11 to 13 inches (28 to 33 centimeters) * Weight: 11 to 18 pounds (5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 14 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Mitral Valve Disease (MVD), Heart Murmurs, Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, or Cavie, is a small, petite breed originally from England, known for its affectionate nature, silky coat, and expressive eyes. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or a house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, urban-living owner, whether single or family-oriented (with children), who enjoys moderate outdoor activities. Cavaliers have a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years and are prone to Mitral Valve Disease, Heart Murmurs, and Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cavalier-king-charles-spaniel/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} ks9d817emesppvbptua9kx8m0wfgw0c 0 476787 4633628 4527072 2026-05-03T02:22:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633628 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chihuahua = == Breed == Chihuahua == Nickname == Chi == Group == Toy == Origin == Mexico == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5 to 8 inches (12.5 to 20.5 centimeters) * Weight: 2 to 6 pounds (1 to 2.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 2/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Reverse Sneezing == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Chihuahua, or Chi, is an extra small, compact breed originally from Mexico, known for its small size, bold personality, and alertness. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. Chihuahuas have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Reverse Sneezing. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chihuahua/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chihuahua Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 4z2vle62apsl522m70x03icj3pgegqg 4633692 4633628 2026-05-03T02:23:10Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633692 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chihuahua = == Breed == Chihuahua == Nickname == Chi == Group == Toy == Origin == Mexico == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5 to 8 inches (12.5 to 20.5 centimeters) * Weight: 2 to 6 pounds (1 to 2.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 2/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Reverse Sneezing == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Chihuahua, or Chi, is an extra small, compact breed originally from Mexico, known for its small size, bold personality, and alertness. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. Chihuahuas have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Reverse Sneezing. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chihuahua/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chihuahua Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} cyi0kjmfy7bos0uvtpcp02r1skpt9hh 4633752 4633692 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633752 wikitext text/x-wiki = Chihuahua = == Breed == Chihuahua == Nickname == Chi == Group == Toy == Origin == Mexico == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5 to 8 inches (12.5 to 20.5 centimeters) * Weight: 2 to 6 pounds (1 to 2.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 2/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Reverse Sneezing == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Chihuahua, or Chi, is an extra small, compact breed originally from Mexico, known for its small size, bold personality, and alertness. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. Chihuahuas have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Reverse Sneezing. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/chihuahua/profile/ Pawsome Authority Chihuahua Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} cttlizz7v6v9noat45a1t1ipqfw71wc 0 476788 4633635 4527071 2026-05-03T02:22:37Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633635 wikitext text/x-wiki = Havanese = == Breed == Havanese == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == Cuba == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 11.5 inches (21.5 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 13 pounds (3 to 6 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Havanese is a small, petite breed originally from Cuba, known for its cheerful disposition, silky coat, and petite build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with younger or older children), who enjoys companionship and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/havanese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Havanese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 28ummj2qr4qlq51lgt1j9lfz0kle191 4633702 4633635 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633702 wikitext text/x-wiki = Havanese = == Breed == Havanese == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == Cuba == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 11.5 inches (21.5 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 13 pounds (3 to 6 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Havanese is a small, petite breed originally from Cuba, known for its cheerful disposition, silky coat, and petite build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with younger or older children), who enjoys companionship and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/havanese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Havanese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} qhtenepyer1mug6v024tt0l4p2m10ij 4633762 4633702 2026-05-03T02:24:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633762 wikitext text/x-wiki = Havanese = == Breed == Havanese == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == Cuba == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 11.5 inches (21.5 to 29 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 13 pounds (3 to 6 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 5/5 * Good with Pets: 5/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Havanese is a small, petite breed originally from Cuba, known for its cheerful disposition, silky coat, and petite build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with younger or older children), who enjoys companionship and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and is prone to Patellar Luxation, Canine Obesity, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/havanese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Havanese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} 692jxgalpx1yqj9t5hmguq7a7dfbyl4 0 476789 4633604 4527070 2026-05-03T02:22:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633604 wikitext text/x-wiki = Maltese = == Breed == Maltese == Nickname == Malti == Group == Toy == Origin == Malta == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 7.5 to 10 inches (19 to 25.5 centimeters) * Weight: 4 to 7 pounds (2 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Luxating Patella (Patellar Luxation), Reverse Sneezing, Tracheal Collapse (TC) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Maltese, or Malti, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Malta, known for its long silky white coat, playful demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Luxating Patella, Reverse Sneezing, and Tracheal Collapse. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/maltese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Maltese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 1h5d7mb6jdbodmhrb2tmgc7ug9wdi7a 4633704 4633604 2026-05-03T02:23:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633704 wikitext text/x-wiki = Maltese = == Breed == Maltese == Nickname == Malti == Group == Toy == Origin == Malta == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 7.5 to 10 inches (19 to 25.5 centimeters) * Weight: 4 to 7 pounds (2 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Luxating Patella (Patellar Luxation), Reverse Sneezing, Tracheal Collapse (TC) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Maltese, or Malti, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Malta, known for its long silky white coat, playful demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Luxating Patella, Reverse Sneezing, and Tracheal Collapse. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/maltese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Maltese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 56sfmgpkppniuoyrz8g905bt3pe7l39 4633763 4633704 2026-05-03T02:24:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633763 wikitext text/x-wiki = Maltese = == Breed == Maltese == Nickname == Malti == Group == Toy == Origin == Malta == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 7.5 to 10 inches (19 to 25.5 centimeters) * Weight: 4 to 7 pounds (2 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 20 to 30 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Luxating Patella (Patellar Luxation), Reverse Sneezing, Tracheal Collapse (TC) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Maltese, or Malti, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Malta, known for its long silky white coat, playful demeanor, and compact build. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor activities and urban living. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and is prone to Luxating Patella, Reverse Sneezing, and Tracheal Collapse. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/maltese/profile/ Pawsome Authority Maltese Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} 5qtbcbc4hch8gef8d8ntoo9bv3j2foc 0 476790 4633609 4527069 2026-05-03T02:22:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633609 wikitext text/x-wiki = Papillon = == Breed == Papillon == Nickname == Pap == Group == Toy == Origin == Belgium and France == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 10 pounds (3 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Papillon, or Pap, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Belgium and France, known for its butterfly-like ears, intelligence, and lively personality. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single, or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. Papillons have a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/papillon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Papillon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} m10qyax3mw75029x4gazs5oyy03diha 4633708 4633609 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633708 wikitext text/x-wiki = Papillon = == Breed == Papillon == Nickname == Pap == Group == Toy == Origin == Belgium and France == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 10 pounds (3 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Papillon, or Pap, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Belgium and France, known for its butterfly-like ears, intelligence, and lively personality. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single, or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. Papillons have a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/papillon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Papillon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} dwc6q1vt9w7wn9r2xoo17ij0g5exbze 4633724 4633708 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633724 wikitext text/x-wiki = Papillon = == Breed == Papillon == Nickname == Pap == Group == Toy == Origin == Belgium and France == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 7 to 10 pounds (3 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Papillon, or Pap, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Belgium and France, known for its butterfly-like ears, intelligence, and lively personality. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single, or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training and urban living. Papillons have a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/papillon/profile/ Pawsome Authority Papillon Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} kn4ppuvglntx88btdcfiiyysvbisn3c 0 476791 4633640 4527068 2026-05-03T02:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633640 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pomeranian = == Breed == Pomeranian == Nickname == Pom == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany and Poland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 3 to 7 pounds (1.5 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Pomeranian, or Pom, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany and Poland, known for its lively demeanor, fluffy double coat, and small size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children), urban living, indoors, and enjoys companionship. Pomeranians have a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pomeranian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pomeranian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} gwwkb6s4y2q888eorm91iwp05eldcgr 4633710 4633640 2026-05-03T02:23:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633710 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pomeranian = == Breed == Pomeranian == Nickname == Pom == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany and Poland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 3 to 7 pounds (1.5 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Pomeranian, or Pom, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany and Poland, known for its lively demeanor, fluffy double coat, and small size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children), urban living, indoors, and enjoys companionship. Pomeranians have a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pomeranian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pomeranian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} e8ziby3j8bv2gfdwb9h719vu5tsyl0l 4633727 4633710 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633727 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pomeranian = == Breed == Pomeranian == Nickname == Pom == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany and Poland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 3 to 7 pounds (1.5 to 3 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 13 to 16 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Pomeranian, or Pom, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany and Poland, known for its lively demeanor, fluffy double coat, and small size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children), urban living, indoors, and enjoys companionship. Pomeranians have a life expectancy of 13 to 16 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pomeranian/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pomeranian Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} g2jx79y2r3umtd71oegr3w7qhpfn1lm 0 476792 4633641 4527067 2026-05-03T02:22:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633641 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pug = == Breed == Pug == Nickname == Puggie == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 10 to 14 inches (25.5 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Corneal Ulcers == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Pug, or Puggie, is a small, compact breed originally from China, known for its muscular build, playful demeanor, and wrinkled face. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor, urban living. Pugs have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Corneal Ulcers. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pug/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pug Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} i0fpj2xn2t6p9sz0jb0a6rr37wxd8dp 4633671 4633641 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633671 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pug = == Breed == Pug == Nickname == Puggie == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 10 to 14 inches (25.5 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Corneal Ulcers == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Pug, or Puggie, is a small, compact breed originally from China, known for its muscular build, playful demeanor, and wrinkled face. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor, urban living. Pugs have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Corneal Ulcers. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pug/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pug Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 57cytxojxb9ypzmu9ui6m5et9a3if10 4633764 4633671 2026-05-03T02:24:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633764 wikitext text/x-wiki = Pug = == Breed == Pug == Nickname == Puggie == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Compact * Height: 10 to 14 inches (25.5 to 35.5 centimeters) * Weight: 12 to 18 pounds (5.5 to 8 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 5/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Corneal Ulcers == Suitability == * Experience Level: 2/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Pug, or Puggie, is a small, compact breed originally from China, known for its muscular build, playful demeanor, and wrinkled face. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a sedentary or moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys indoor, urban living. Pugs have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Corneal Ulcers. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/pug/profile/ Pawsome Authority Pug Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} cn5ou5o13mwrlj3nzvc4i0rqutetrxx 0 476793 4633645 4527066 2026-05-03T02:22:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633645 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shih Tzu = == Breed == Shih Tzu == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 16 pounds (4.5 to 7.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 18 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Shih Tzu is a small, petite breed originally from China, known for its affectionate nature, long flowing coat, and compact size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented (with children) owner who enjoys companionship and urban living. Shih Tzus have a life expectancy of 14 to 18 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shih-tzu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shih Tzu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} gckkmfs76mrxwjdsmn8zmqh53jyytr2 4633673 4633645 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633673 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shih Tzu = == Breed == Shih Tzu == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 16 pounds (4.5 to 7.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 18 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Shih Tzu is a small, petite breed originally from China, known for its affectionate nature, long flowing coat, and compact size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented (with children) owner who enjoys companionship and urban living. Shih Tzus have a life expectancy of 14 to 18 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shih-tzu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shih Tzu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} jyfer8huhk0pfg7e52vhuqsl4g27xmj 4633767 4633673 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633767 wikitext text/x-wiki = Shih Tzu = == Breed == Shih Tzu == Nickname == - == Group == Toy == Origin == China == Appearance == * Size: Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8 to 11 inches (20.5 to 28 centimeters) * Weight: 10 to 16 pounds (4.5 to 7.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 2/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes per day * Activity Intensity: Low to moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 18 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), Canine Obesity, Patellar Luxation == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Shih Tzu is a small, petite breed originally from China, known for its affectionate nature, long flowing coat, and compact size. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented (with children) owner who enjoys companionship and urban living. Shih Tzus have a life expectancy of 14 to 18 years and are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, Canine Obesity, and Patellar Luxation. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/shih-tzu/profile/ Pawsome Authority Shih Tzu Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} k4w0l7bznr0yzpos5hx1y3y2k9b6czr 0 476794 4633646 4527065 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633646 wikitext text/x-wiki = Toy Poodle = == Breed == Toy Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 10.5 inches (21.5 to 26.5 centimeters) * Weight: 5 to 9 pounds (2.5 to 4 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Toy Poodle, or Poodle, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, small size, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Toy Poodles have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/toy-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Toy Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 2kmie9wbvbrvou64sajjv7emd0459b1 4633667 4633646 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633667 wikitext text/x-wiki = Toy Poodle = == Breed == Toy Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 10.5 inches (21.5 to 26.5 centimeters) * Weight: 5 to 9 pounds (2.5 to 4 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Toy Poodle, or Poodle, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, small size, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Toy Poodles have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/toy-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Toy Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} kyxv5xlz5vm9iwjrbk19177qstcef4n 4633766 4633667 2026-05-03T02:24:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633766 wikitext text/x-wiki = Toy Poodle = == Breed == Toy Poodle == Nickname == Poodle == Group == Toy == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Petite * Height: 8.5 to 10.5 inches (21.5 to 26.5 centimeters) * Weight: 5 to 9 pounds (2.5 to 4 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 1/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 14 to 17 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Cataracts == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Toy Poodle, or Poodle, is an extra small, petite breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, small size, and hypoallergenic coat. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Toy Poodles have a life expectancy of 14 to 17 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/toy-poodle/profile/ Pawsome Authority Toy Poodle Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} 3akj3cw32r79o9ff5hlp57gmrmvpdup 0 476795 4633652 4527064 2026-05-03T02:22:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633652 wikitext text/x-wiki = Yorkshire Terrier = == Breed == Yorkshire Terrier == Nickname == Yorkie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 6 to 10 pounds (2.5 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Hypoglycemia == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, is an extra small, compact breed originally from England, known for its bold personality, silky coat, and small stature. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Yorkies have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), and Hypoglycemia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/yorkshire-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Yorkshire Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} o6dzr9y5bvfmfy3reo5bdm3bjeqx2y2 4633668 4633652 2026-05-03T02:23:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633668 wikitext text/x-wiki = Yorkshire Terrier = == Breed == Yorkshire Terrier == Nickname == Yorkie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 6 to 10 pounds (2.5 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Hypoglycemia == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, is an extra small, compact breed originally from England, known for its bold personality, silky coat, and small stature. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Yorkies have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), and Hypoglycemia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/yorkshire-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Yorkshire Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} afazdet0mo128d02mas8k1hcw0wfvi8 4633773 4633668 2026-05-03T02:24:27Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633773 wikitext text/x-wiki = Yorkshire Terrier = == Breed == Yorkshire Terrier == Nickname == Yorkie == Group == Toy == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Small * Build: Compact * Height: 5.5 to 7 inches (14 to 18 centimeters) * Weight: 6 to 10 pounds (2.5 to 4.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 45 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 5/5 * Brushing: Every 1 to 2 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 11 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), Hypoglycemia == Suitability == * Experience Level: 1/5 * First-Time Owner: Suitable * Apartment Living: 5/5 == Summary == The Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, is an extra small, compact breed originally from England, known for its bold personality, silky coat, and small stature. As part of the Toy Group, it thrives in an apartment or house with a fenced yard. With a need for 30 to 45 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, single or family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys urban living, indoors, and companionship. Yorkies have a life expectancy of 11 to 15 years and are prone to Patellar Luxation, Tracheal Collapse (TC), and Hypoglycemia. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/yorkshire-terrier/profile/ Pawsome Authority Yorkshire Terrier Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Toy|← Back to Toy Group]] {{BookCat}} jbj9lcqy74okwuu6ijcw8hbrrg2a6qq 0 476796 4633611 4527063 2026-05-03T02:22:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633611 wikitext text/x-wiki = Akita = == Breed == Akita == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 130 pounds (31.5 to 59 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Akita is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Japan, known for its protective instincts, powerful build, and loyalty. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership, especially in a family-oriented setting with older children in suburban or rural living. Akitas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/akita/profile/ Pawsome Authority Akita Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 09l8xrbdlemf2sehcz90jyvzk93vqjw 4633674 4633611 2026-05-03T02:23:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633674 wikitext text/x-wiki = Akita = == Breed == Akita == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 130 pounds (31.5 to 59 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Akita is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Japan, known for its protective instincts, powerful build, and loyalty. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership, especially in a family-oriented setting with older children in suburban or rural living. Akitas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/akita/profile/ Pawsome Authority Akita Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} dvvh9b0g536b5i5nftoqk3pnt1pnvqs 4633734 4633674 2026-05-03T02:24:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633734 wikitext text/x-wiki = Akita = == Breed == Akita == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Japan == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 130 pounds (31.5 to 59 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Akita is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Japan, known for its protective instincts, powerful build, and loyalty. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active owner who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership, especially in a family-oriented setting with older children in suburban or rural living. Akitas have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/akita/profile/ Pawsome Authority Akita Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 48maf06ssn7l4bcjqb3ha96m1iv14ts 0 476797 4633617 4527062 2026-05-03T02:22:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633617 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bernese Mountain Dog = == Breed == Bernese Mountain Dog == Nickname == Berner == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27.5 inches (58.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 115 pounds (31.5 to 52 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 7 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Bernese Mountain Dog, or Berner, is an extra-large, heavy build breed originally from Switzerland, known for its gentle temperament, large build, and tri-colored coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 7 to 10 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bernese-mountain-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bernese Mountain Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 2bd2uh69wjutmmelaxfw0qvlf2i72l1 4633681 4633617 2026-05-03T02:23:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633681 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bernese Mountain Dog = == Breed == Bernese Mountain Dog == Nickname == Berner == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27.5 inches (58.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 115 pounds (31.5 to 52 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 7 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Bernese Mountain Dog, or Berner, is an extra-large, heavy build breed originally from Switzerland, known for its gentle temperament, large build, and tri-colored coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 7 to 10 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bernese-mountain-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bernese Mountain Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} t9xadltelk65hshqeka8rd2qk3piihb 4633741 4633681 2026-05-03T02:24:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633741 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bernese Mountain Dog = == Breed == Bernese Mountain Dog == Nickname == Berner == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 23 to 27.5 inches (58.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 70 to 115 pounds (31.5 to 52 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 5/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 7 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Bernese Mountain Dog, or Berner, is an extra-large, heavy build breed originally from Switzerland, known for its gentle temperament, large build, and tri-colored coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and suburban or rural living. This breed has a life expectancy of 7 to 10 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/bernese-mountain-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Bernese Mountain Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} hnfs4qfvpvx4yqtkx03nh0sikmg4r3u 0 476798 4633623 4527061 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633623 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boxer = == Breed == Boxer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Muscular * Height: 21.5 to 25 inches (54.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 80 pounds (22.5 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Aortic stenosis (AS), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Boxer is a large, muscular breed originally from Germany, known for its playful nature, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Boxers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Aortic stenosis, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boxer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boxer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 0j44sb5j9pvb38q829208b6niikfpmu 4633686 4633623 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633686 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boxer = == Breed == Boxer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Muscular * Height: 21.5 to 25 inches (54.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 80 pounds (22.5 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Aortic stenosis (AS), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Boxer is a large, muscular breed originally from Germany, known for its playful nature, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Boxers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Aortic stenosis, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boxer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boxer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} qz7frubxh9468cmlvrznvz3k9gzb8iy 4633746 4633686 2026-05-03T02:24:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633746 wikitext text/x-wiki = Boxer = == Breed == Boxer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Muscular * Height: 21.5 to 25 inches (54.5 to 63.5 centimeters) * Weight: 50 to 80 pounds (22.5 to 36.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Aortic stenosis (AS), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Boxer is a large, muscular breed originally from Germany, known for its playful nature, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Boxers have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Aortic stenosis, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/boxer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Boxer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 1fk366xwjkfvc6mqvqa2s7ebcqsywti 0 476799 4633624 4527060 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633624 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cane Corso = == Breed == Cane Corso == Nickname == Corso == Group == Working == Origin == Italy == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 90 to 110 pounds (41 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Cherry Eye == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Cane Corso, or Corso, is a large, solid breed originally from Italy, known for its protective nature, muscular build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and enjoys outdoor activities in suburban or rural areas. Cane Corsos have a life expectancy of 9 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Cherry Eye. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cane-corso/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cane Corso Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} kzed72h5373539ma39dah9d63lty83g 4633689 4633624 2026-05-03T02:23:09Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633689 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cane Corso = == Breed == Cane Corso == Nickname == Corso == Group == Working == Origin == Italy == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 90 to 110 pounds (41 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Cherry Eye == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Cane Corso, or Corso, is a large, solid breed originally from Italy, known for its protective nature, muscular build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and enjoys outdoor activities in suburban or rural areas. Cane Corsos have a life expectancy of 9 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Cherry Eye. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cane-corso/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cane Corso Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} f49prqgkgihsy84yne19nzdljaiwsm3 4633749 4633689 2026-05-03T02:24:23Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633749 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cane Corso = == Breed == Cane Corso == Nickname == Corso == Group == Working == Origin == Italy == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 90 to 110 pounds (41 to 50 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 12 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Cherry Eye == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Cane Corso, or Corso, is a large, solid breed originally from Italy, known for its protective nature, muscular build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and enjoys outdoor activities in suburban or rural areas. Cane Corsos have a life expectancy of 9 to 12 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Cherry Eye. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/cane-corso/profile/ Pawsome Authority Cane Corso Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 7707dh5dh4p9j3wsuewvzl0oyowl8pw 0 476800 4633602 4527059 2026-05-03T02:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633602 wikitext text/x-wiki = Doberman Pinscher = == Breed == Doberman Pinscher == Nickname == Dobe == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 60 to 100 pounds (27 to 45.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Doberman Pinscher, or Dobe, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities. The Doberman is family-oriented, especially with older children, and prefers suburban or rural living environments. Dobermans have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Von Willebrand Disease, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/doberman-pinscher/profile/ Pawsome Authority Doberman Pinscher Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} bqf9we59gxyhb5hgg0vnwvvtavbb7ld 4633664 4633602 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633664 wikitext text/x-wiki = Doberman Pinscher = == Breed == Doberman Pinscher == Nickname == Dobe == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 60 to 100 pounds (27 to 45.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Doberman Pinscher, or Dobe, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities. The Doberman is family-oriented, especially with older children, and prefers suburban or rural living environments. Dobermans have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Von Willebrand Disease, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/doberman-pinscher/profile/ Pawsome Authority Doberman Pinscher Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} jkvqo7tskab6xejiuz4bcft77bye8wh 4633723 4633664 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633723 wikitext text/x-wiki = Doberman Pinscher = == Breed == Doberman Pinscher == Nickname == Dobe == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Athletic * Height: 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 centimeters) * Weight: 60 to 100 pounds (27 to 45.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 5/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 10 to 13 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Doberman Pinscher, or Dobe, is a large, athletic breed originally from Germany, known for its intelligence, muscular build, and protective instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and engages in outdoor activities. The Doberman is family-oriented, especially with older children, and prefers suburban or rural living environments. Dobermans have a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years and are prone to Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Von Willebrand Disease, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/doberman-pinscher/profile/ Pawsome Authority Doberman Pinscher Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} ejvpbw9hswahjesy8xbvet14856mahy 0 476801 4633601 4527058 2026-05-03T02:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633601 wikitext text/x-wiki = Giant Schnauzer = == Breed == Giant Schnauzer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 85 pounds (25 to 38.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Giant Schnauzer is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its imposing size, protective instincts, and trainability. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and enjoys a family-oriented lifestyle in suburban or rural areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/giant-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Giant Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} ideuuo0to2qnmmqcujc1fk6eeluxgs0 4633662 4633601 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633662 wikitext text/x-wiki = Giant Schnauzer = == Breed == Giant Schnauzer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 85 pounds (25 to 38.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Giant Schnauzer is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its imposing size, protective instincts, and trainability. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and enjoys a family-oriented lifestyle in suburban or rural areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/giant-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Giant Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} 4irvlhhv5spr8hm4zf1ron1potj696p 4633722 4633662 2026-05-03T02:24:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633722 wikitext text/x-wiki = Giant Schnauzer = == Breed == Giant Schnauzer == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 23.5 to 27.5 inches (59.5 to 70 centimeters) * Weight: 55 to 85 pounds (25 to 38.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 4/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Hypothyroidism == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Giant Schnauzer is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its imposing size, protective instincts, and trainability. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving owner who provides firm leadership and enjoys a family-oriented lifestyle in suburban or rural areas. This breed has a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Hypothyroidism. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/giant-schnauzer/profile/ Pawsome Authority Giant Schnauzer Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} igjenp59u11dwhwed5g439qmkld1e1e 0 476802 4633600 4527057 2026-05-03T02:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633600 wikitext text/x-wiki = Great Dane = == Breed == Great Dane == Nickname == Dane == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 28 to 32 inches (71 to 81.5 centimeters) * Weight: 115 to 175 pounds (52 to 79.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Great Dane, or Dane, is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its gentle temperament, towering height, and regal appearance. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Great Danes have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/great-dane/profile/ Pawsome Authority Great Dane Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} luv3rj5ua5pyu880m2klckk5tdwheem 4633660 4633600 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633660 wikitext text/x-wiki = Great Dane = == Breed == Great Dane == Nickname == Dane == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 28 to 32 inches (71 to 81.5 centimeters) * Weight: 115 to 175 pounds (52 to 79.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Great Dane, or Dane, is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its gentle temperament, towering height, and regal appearance. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Great Danes have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/great-dane/profile/ Pawsome Authority Great Dane Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} asalkszv57u8oabie1oa8rvrw1i2s98 4633721 4633660 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633721 wikitext text/x-wiki = Great Dane = == Breed == Great Dane == Nickname == Dane == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Solid * Height: 28 to 32 inches (71 to 81.5 centimeters) * Weight: 115 to 175 pounds (52 to 79.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 1/5 * Brushing: Every 5 to 6 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (CSM) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Great Dane, or Dane, is an extra-large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its gentle temperament, towering height, and regal appearance. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys outdoor activities and provides firm leadership. Great Danes have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/great-dane/profile/ Pawsome Authority Great Dane Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} r2mazs1ctlv48n8z3barqo4jtgwiex5 0 476803 4633598 4527056 2026-05-03T02:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633598 wikitext text/x-wiki = Mastiff = == Breed == Mastiff == Nickname == Mastie == Group == Working == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 28 to 36 inches (71 to 91.5 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 220 pounds (54.5 to 100 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Mastiff, or Mastie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from England, known for its large build, protective nature, and gentle temperament. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys a mostly indoor lifestyle and can provide firm leadership. Mastiffs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/mastiff/profile/ Pawsome Authority Mastiff Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 7mvno5nkwgms629ohk26ihwkmea0v67 4633661 4633598 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633661 wikitext text/x-wiki = Mastiff = == Breed == Mastiff == Nickname == Mastie == Group == Working == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 28 to 36 inches (71 to 91.5 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 220 pounds (54.5 to 100 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Mastiff, or Mastie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from England, known for its large build, protective nature, and gentle temperament. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys a mostly indoor lifestyle and can provide firm leadership. Mastiffs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/mastiff/profile/ Pawsome Authority Mastiff Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} m2r0c49lpbi1a0b8b1f0coi8mrc35cj 4633720 4633661 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633720 wikitext text/x-wiki = Mastiff = == Breed == Mastiff == Nickname == Mastie == Group == Working == Origin == England == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 28 to 36 inches (71 to 91.5 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 220 pounds (54.5 to 100 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 3/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 3/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 4/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Mastiff, or Mastie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from England, known for its large build, protective nature, and gentle temperament. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with older children) who enjoys a mostly indoor lifestyle and can provide firm leadership. Mastiffs have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/mastiff/profile/ Pawsome Authority Mastiff Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} ndu867lwel6olhe93sfyrsukul9bjs1 0 476804 4633599 4527055 2026-05-03T02:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633599 wikitext text/x-wiki = Newfoundland = == Breed == Newfoundland == Nickname == Newfie == Group == Working == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 25 to 29 inches (63.5 to 73.5 centimeters) * Weight: 100 to 150 pounds (45.5 to 68 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Newfoundland, or Newfie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Canada, known for its sturdy build, swimming ability, and gentle demeanor. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/newfoundland/profile/ Pawsome Authority Newfoundland Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} ixk5o0vrhphjcke73ocbfytd0exfoh1 4633659 4633599 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633659 wikitext text/x-wiki = Newfoundland = == Breed == Newfoundland == Nickname == Newfie == Group == Working == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 25 to 29 inches (63.5 to 73.5 centimeters) * Weight: 100 to 150 pounds (45.5 to 68 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Newfoundland, or Newfie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Canada, known for its sturdy build, swimming ability, and gentle demeanor. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/newfoundland/profile/ Pawsome Authority Newfoundland Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} oflts97lenhnnat279w4fuky7z5k27u 4633719 4633659 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633719 wikitext text/x-wiki = Newfoundland = == Breed == Newfoundland == Nickname == Newfie == Group == Working == Origin == Canada == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 25 to 29 inches (63.5 to 73.5 centimeters) * Weight: 100 to 150 pounds (45.5 to 68 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 3/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 45 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 3/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Newfoundland, or Newfie, is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Canada, known for its sturdy build, swimming ability, and gentle demeanor. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 45 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor activities. This breed has a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and is prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/newfoundland/profile/ Pawsome Authority Newfoundland Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} t4jk3b1baz2zoeqkwo7hdyw4dapmjum 0 476805 4633597 4527054 2026-05-03T02:22:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633597 wikitext text/x-wiki = Portuguese Water Dog = == Breed == Portuguese Water Dog == Nickname == Portie == Group == Working == Origin == Portugal == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Solid * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Portuguese Water Dog, or Portie, is a medium, solid breed originally from Portugal, known for its curly waterproof coat, swimming skills, and energetic nature. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor and water activities, as well as training. Porties have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/portuguese-water-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Portuguese Water Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} tl8jhn13pxpxmrbn6d9mcrw061tx760 4633658 4633597 2026-05-03T02:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633658 wikitext text/x-wiki = Portuguese Water Dog = == Breed == Portuguese Water Dog == Nickname == Portie == Group == Working == Origin == Portugal == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Solid * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Portuguese Water Dog, or Portie, is a medium, solid breed originally from Portugal, known for its curly waterproof coat, swimming skills, and energetic nature. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor and water activities, as well as training. Porties have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/portuguese-water-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Portuguese Water Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} l5l2ys0lxckz4jcqvq8fxdjvkfbwb0c 4633718 4633658 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633718 wikitext text/x-wiki = Portuguese Water Dog = == Breed == Portuguese Water Dog == Nickname == Portie == Group == Working == Origin == Portugal == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Solid * Height: 18 to 23 inches (45.5 to 58.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to High == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), Addison’s Disease == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Portuguese Water Dog, or Portie, is a medium, solid breed originally from Portugal, known for its curly waterproof coat, swimming skills, and energetic nature. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys outdoor and water activities, as well as training. Porties have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Addison’s Disease. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/portuguese-water-dog/profile/ Pawsome Authority Portuguese Water Dog Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 7eij0ikw0klbkaaiwx66dmfl0f8596q 0 476806 4633596 4527053 2026-05-03T02:22:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633596 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rottweiler = == Breed == Rottweiler == Nickname == Rottie == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 22 to 27 inches (56 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 135 pounds (36.5 to 61 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rottweiler, or Rottie, is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its protective nature, strong build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and has a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) that includes outdoor activities. Rottweilers have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rottweiler/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rottweiler Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} byqoha0l4rqcxskzfs3b5ljk78tyds4 4633657 4633596 2026-05-03T02:23:04Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633657 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rottweiler = == Breed == Rottweiler == Nickname == Rottie == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 22 to 27 inches (56 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 135 pounds (36.5 to 61 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rottweiler, or Rottie, is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its protective nature, strong build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and has a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) that includes outdoor activities. Rottweilers have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rottweiler/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rottweiler Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} n50an6attps9ui2g8tttjgw4bgspcw2 4633717 4633657 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633717 wikitext text/x-wiki = Rottweiler = == Breed == Rottweiler == Nickname == Rottie == Group == Working == Origin == Germany == Appearance == * Size: Large * Build: Solid * Height: 22 to 27 inches (56 to 68.5 centimeters) * Weight: 80 to 135 pounds (36.5 to 61 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 3/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 2/5 * Good with Pets: 2/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 5/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 5/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 2/5 * Grooming: 2/5 * Brushing: Every 4 to 5 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 9 to 11 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Canine Obesity == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Rottweiler, or Rottie, is a large, solid breed originally from Germany, known for its protective nature, strong build, and guarding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active owner who enjoys training, provides firm leadership, and has a family-oriented lifestyle (with older children) that includes outdoor activities. Rottweilers have a life expectancy of 9 to 11 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Canine Obesity. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/rottweiler/profile/ Pawsome Authority Rottweiler Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} s6ciggr45d9kajujo94e4c8n7yyoilg 0 476807 4633595 4527052 2026-05-03T02:22:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633595 wikitext text/x-wiki = Saint Bernard = == Breed == Saint Bernard == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 26 to 30 inches (66 to 76 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 180 pounds (54.5 to 81.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 2/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Saint Bernard is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Switzerland, known for its large build, friendly behavior, and thick dense coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys urban living indoors. Saint Bernards have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/saint-bernard/profile/ Pawsome Authority Saint Bernard Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} ad88g6r8786t4nmaec6ngmf1q7lug9x 4633656 4633595 2026-05-03T02:23:04Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633656 wikitext text/x-wiki = Saint Bernard = == Breed == Saint Bernard == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 26 to 30 inches (66 to 76 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 180 pounds (54.5 to 81.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 2/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Saint Bernard is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Switzerland, known for its large build, friendly behavior, and thick dense coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys urban living indoors. Saint Bernards have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/saint-bernard/profile/ Pawsome Authority Saint Bernard Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} iv8e00gsngi6abygz93n3wk4ulw72u1 4633716 4633656 2026-05-03T02:24:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633716 wikitext text/x-wiki = Saint Bernard = == Breed == Saint Bernard == Nickname == - == Group == Working == Origin == Switzerland == Appearance == * Size: Extra Large * Build: Heavy * Height: 26 to 30 inches (66 to 76 centimeters) * Weight: 120 to 180 pounds (54.5 to 81.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Short or Long * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 5/5 * Playfulness: 2/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 2/5 * Protectiveness: 4/5 == Training == * Energy: 2/5 * Intelligence: 3/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 30 to 60 minutes * Activity Intensity: Low to Moderate == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 8 to 10 weeks (short-haired), Every 4 to 6 weeks (long-haired) == Health == * Lifespan: 8 to 10 years * Health Issues: 4/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Elbow Dysplasia (ED), Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 1/5 == Summary == The Saint Bernard is an extra-large, heavy breed originally from Switzerland, known for its large build, friendly behavior, and thick dense coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits a moderately active, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys urban living indoors. Saint Bernards have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/saint-bernard/profile/ Pawsome Authority Saint Bernard Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 2bott7c1jm2xug8dqicwgj0k85f47s5 0 476808 4633593 4527051 2026-05-03T02:22:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633593 wikitext text/x-wiki = Samoyed = == Breed == Samoyed == Nickname == Sammie == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 19 to 23.5 inches (48.5 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 65 pounds (16 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Samoyed, or Sammie, is a medium, muscular breed originally from Siberia, known for its fluffy white coat, friendly disposition, and herding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys cold climates and training. Samoyeds have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/samoyed/profile/ Pawsome Authority Samoyed Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} c177c8wbxnejl1eeexjn5yidig5xtja 4633654 4633593 2026-05-03T02:23:04Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633654 wikitext text/x-wiki = Samoyed = == Breed == Samoyed == Nickname == Sammie == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 19 to 23.5 inches (48.5 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 65 pounds (16 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Samoyed, or Sammie, is a medium, muscular breed originally from Siberia, known for its fluffy white coat, friendly disposition, and herding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys cold climates and training. Samoyeds have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/samoyed/profile/ Pawsome Authority Samoyed Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} pn0uymnda1xg2uaxqs5bgarhfcta31e 4633715 4633654 2026-05-03T02:24:17Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633715 wikitext text/x-wiki = Samoyed = == Breed == Samoyed == Nickname == Sammie == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Muscular * Height: 19 to 23.5 inches (48.5 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 65 pounds (16 to 29.5 kilograms) * Coat Length: Long * Hypoallergenic: Yes == Temperament == * Affection: 4/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 5/5 * Good with Dogs: 3/5 * Good with Pets: 3/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 4/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 4/5 * Total Daily Activity: 60 to 90 minutes * Activity Intensity: Moderate to high == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 4/5 * Brushing: Every 2 to 3 days * Bathing: Every 4 to 6 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 14 years * Health Issues: 3/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Hypothyroidism, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 3/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 3/5 == Summary == The Samoyed, or Sammie, is a medium, muscular breed originally from Siberia, known for its fluffy white coat, friendly disposition, and herding instincts. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 60 to 90 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, outdoor-loving, family-oriented owner (with children) who enjoys cold climates and training. Samoyeds have a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Hypothyroidism, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/samoyed/profile/ Pawsome Authority Samoyed Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 84vx4yz1p35hjfrdgdher13nolcmvxr 0 476809 4633594 4527050 2026-05-03T02:22:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog Breed Reference Manual]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633594 wikitext text/x-wiki = Siberian Husky = == Breed == Siberian Husky == Nickname == Husky == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 23.5 inches (51 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Siberian Husky, or Husky, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Siberia, known for its endurance, striking blue eyes, and thick double coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and is family-oriented (with older children). Siberian Huskies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/siberian-husky/profile/ Pawsome Authority Siberian Husky Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] [[Category:Reference manuals]] {{BookCat}} 9d8wziudok8qsdxiyr8ascl086zmdh7 4633655 4633594 2026-05-03T02:23:04Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Reference manuals]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633655 wikitext text/x-wiki = Siberian Husky = == Breed == Siberian Husky == Nickname == Husky == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 23.5 inches (51 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Siberian Husky, or Husky, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Siberia, known for its endurance, striking blue eyes, and thick double coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and is family-oriented (with older children). Siberian Huskies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/siberian-husky/profile/ Pawsome Authority Siberian Husky Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] [[Category:Dog breeds]] {{BookCat}} q72f80185jz8wv14896ze0polozs1yw 4633714 4633655 2026-05-03T02:24:17Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Removing from [[Category:Dog breeds]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4633714 wikitext text/x-wiki = Siberian Husky = == Breed == Siberian Husky == Nickname == Husky == Group == Working == Origin == Siberia == Appearance == * Size: Medium * Build: Athletic * Height: 20 to 23.5 inches (51 to 59.5 centimeters) * Weight: 35 to 60 pounds (16 to 27 kilograms) * Coat Length: Medium * Hypoallergenic: No == Temperament == * Affection: 3/5 * Playfulness: 4/5 * Good with Children: 4/5 * Good with Dogs: 4/5 * Good with Pets: 4/5 * Barking: 3/5 * Protectiveness: 3/5 == Training == * Energy: 5/5 * Intelligence: 4/5 * Trainability: 2/5 * Total Daily Activity: 90 to 120 minutes * Activity Intensity: High == Grooming == * Shedding: 4/5 * Grooming: 3/5 * Brushing: Every 3 to 4 days * Bathing: Every 6 to 8 weeks == Health == * Lifespan: 12 to 15 years * Health Issues: 2/5 * Common Issues: Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) == Suitability == * Experience Level: 5/5 * First-Time Owner: Not Suitable * Apartment Living: 2/5 == Summary == The Siberian Husky, or Husky, is a medium, athletic breed originally from Siberia, known for its endurance, striking blue eyes, and thick double coat. As part of the Working Group, it thrives in a house with a spacious yard. With a need for 90 to 120 minutes of daily activity, the breed suits an active, energetic owner who enjoys outdoor activities, provides firm leadership, and is family-oriented (with older children). Siberian Huskies have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years and are prone to Hip Dysplasia, Cataracts, and Progressive Retinal Atrophy. == More Information == * [https://pawsomeauthority.com/dog-breeds/siberian-husky/profile/ Pawsome Authority Siberian Husky Profile] [[Dog Breed Reference Manual/Dog Breed Groups/Working|← Back to Working Group]] {{BookCat}} 6f94g8yxe61w2vad4zvxb9nee109qn8 0 479438 4633837 4588650 2026-05-03T11:50:50Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pokémon character |name=Red |image=125px |caption=Red, as seen in ''Pokémon FireRed'' and ''LeafGreen'' |japanname=Red |voiceactor= |japanvoiceactor= |speciality=None |occupation=Former Kanto Pokémon League Champion, later retired Pokémon trainer |firstgame=''Pokémon Red'' and ''Blue'' |firstanime=Inspiration for Ash Ketchum. |firstmanga=Chap. 1, “A Glimpse of the Glow” }} '''Red''' is a name used to refer to two related, but distinct, video game characters in the Pokémon franchise, the protagonists of the series in their respective media. For the Game Series, Red's character design was overseen by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida. Ash Ketchum, the main character of the anime, is loosely based on Red,{{Fact|date=October 2008}} but is a distinct character. ==Red in the video games== Red, the silent protagonist of ''Pokémon Red'', ''Blue'', and ''Yellow'' and its remakes, ''Pokémon FireRed'' and ''LeafGreen'', has several default names, one of which is "Red". Others include "Ash" (later used for anime character Ash Ketchum) and "Jack". In the game, Red is a 11-year-old boy from Pallet Town. Red becomes interested in Pokémon after his best friend, Blue, stops playing with him and begins bullying him. His adventure begins one day when Professor Oak calls the two of them to his lab and gives them each a choice of Pokémon. After receiving their Pokémon, Blue challenges Red to a battle. Later, Professor Oak summons both Red and Blue and gives them both a Pokédex each, and sends them on a journey to fulfil his dream of capturing every type of Pokémon. Red travels all over Kanto, filling in the Pokédex and defeating Gym Leaders. His rival Blue is consistently one step ahead, and appears many times to impede Red's progress. When Red eventually reaches the Elite Four, he finds that Blue has defeated them beforehand and has become the league champion. Red defeats Blue in a final battle, and becomes the champion himself. Other than Blue, Red's main conflict in the games is Team Rocket, an infamous criminal organization. Red clashes with Team Rocket many times in his quest and eventually successfully foils their plan for world domination, consequently causing the organization to disband and their leader Giovanni to go into exile. However, several members remain on Chrono Island, unaware of their organization's dissolution and are defeated by Red. Three years later, they reform in Johto and attempt to contact Giovanni and revive Team Rocket. In Pokémon Gold, Silver and Crystal, Lance assumes the role of Champion, and it is believed by the other characters that Red has gone into exile. The protagonist is later granted access to Mt. Silver, where they encounter Red training in a cavern deep within the mountain. When challenged, Red is silent before engaging in battle and remains silent when defeated. He serves as the final boss battle of the game, and is one of the strongest level opponents in the entire series, second only to Pearl in Platinum. Red also appears in Pokémon Stadium 2; once again as the final boss battle of the game. ==In the anime== Red does not usually appear in the anime, although he was the basis for the character of Ash Ketchum.{{Fact|date=October 2008}} Despite this, in the episode ''Lights, Camerupt, Action!'', Ash recalls seeing a movie about Red and his Pokémon. Red's Clefairy eats a Teddiursa's berries, causing its mother to furiously attack the Clefairy, as Ash (in the theater) laughs his head off. This has, so far, been the only appearance of Red in the anime. It is depicted of Red from a spinoff manga Pokémon Pocket Monsters which continued with Pokémon Pocket Monsters R-S on the journeys of Red, Clefairy and Pikachu. ==Red in ''Pokémon Adventures''== In the ''Pokémon Adventures'' manga, '''Red''' is a fictional Pokémon trainer and the protagonist of the first saga. Red starts off in Pallet Town as an aspiring trainer, and gets a Bulbasaur (later evolves all the way into a Venusaur) and a Pokédex from Professor Oak. He also has a Poliwhirl which he has known since childhood that evolves into a Poliwrath, and uses these two Pokémon on his adventure. He later captures a mischievous Pikachu, and, after working to gain its trust, it becomes one of Red's top three Pokémon. Red wears a red jacket, black undershirt (white in G/S/C saga), a red and white cap, a black bandanna around his right knee (from the Yellow chapter onward), and blue jeans. Antagonists include his rival, Oak’s grandson Blue, who was granted Charmander; Green, another Pokémon trainer from Pallet Town, who stole a Squirtle from Professor Oak; and Team Rocket, an organization bent on world domination through Pokémon. ===Red's journey in the ''Pokémon Adventures'' saga=== [[Image:Red Pikachu Pokemon Adventures.png|thumb|256px|right|Red and his Pikachu, as seen in the FireRed and LeafGreen arc of ''Pokémon Adventures''.]] While trying to catch a mischievous girl named Green who stole his gym badges (Blue in the original version), Red discovers information on Team Rocket: They are trying to clone the rarest Pokémon in the world, Mew, as part of a plan to create an unstoppable Pokémon called Mewtwo. Green wants to meet Mew and capture it for profit. She meets Mew when battling Team Rocket, but she can only snap a quick picture of it before it leaves. Eventually, Red is obliged to team up with Blue and Green in order to beat Team Rocket’s Elite, Lt. Surge, Koga, and Sabrina. After that, he saves a young girl from an attacking Rattata. Red faces off against the leader of Team Rocket, Giovanni, alone and manages to defeat him. He then goes head to head with Blue in the Pokémon League, emerges victorious, and thus attracts the attention of the Elite Four. Red does not appear often in the Yellow saga, as he has been kidnapped by the Elite Four and frozen in a block of ice. When he did finally manage to escape, rescued by Giovanni, he seeks out his allies. Yellow, the young girl he rescued two years ago, is instead the main character in this series. Even after the battle is won, Red has no idea that Yellow is actually a girl. In the G/S/C saga, Red has matured quite a bit. He has also changed his black shirt into a white one, and wears his baseball cap forward now. Both Yellow and Misty seem to be interested in him romantically, making him slightly uncomfortable. Red finds out Yellow’s true gender near the end of the saga, but has been in close touch with her before then. Red’s main goal before he helps with the fight against the Mask of Ice is to find the mysterious hot springs in Mount Silver, in order to cure the numbness he still carries from the ice trap one year ago. This caused him to turn down the Viridian City Gym Leader position he was offered. In the FR/LG saga, Red teams up with Blue and Green to rescue Professor Oak, who has been kidnapped and taken to the Sevii Islands. While there, he encounters Team Rocket and the new Beast Warrior Trio, Oca, Jaguara, and Storc, as well as the evil psychic Pokémon, Deoxys. After losing completely to Deoxys, Mewtwo appears, and helps Red, Blue, and Green face Team Rocket and the empowered Deoxys, because Red's team of six is now critically injured,and are all on the brink of death. During the process, he temporarily trades his party Pokémon Venusaur, which is too injured to keep on fighting (since that the Pokémon Center is destroyed), for Blue’s roster Charizard, making the title of FireRed and LeafGreen (in original version). He then manages to defeat Giovanni and Deoxys once and for all,but in return was petrified by the energy blast released by the final assault against Storc and Deoxys along with Blue, Green, Yellow,and Silver. However, all is not lost. Due to Emerald's wish on Jirachi, the five trainers that once stood petrified have now been revived along with all ten of the poke'dexs resonating. ==Appearance in other games== {{Main|Pokémon Trainer#Super Smash Bros. Brawl}} An unnamed male Pokémon trainer who looks exactly like Red from Generation III is a playable character in the Wii title ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''. He is only referred to as "Pokémon Trainer", making it unclear if it's actually supposed to be him or simply modeled after him. The trainer holds a Squirtle, Ivysaur and Charizard which he uses to fight the other characters directly while he stands in the background issuing commands. All of the Pokémon share the same damage meter. Their final smash is Triple Finish, a combo of the moves Solar Beam, Fire Blast and Hydro Pump. <ref> [http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/characters/pokemon_trainer.html Pokémon Trainer]</ref> ==References== <references/> {{BookCat}} 68sna3j32qn9b47rp47hq5lg842ieoo 0 479630 4633824 4597115 2026-05-03T11:46:00Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pokémon character | name= Tate & Liza | image= image:GymLeaders-Tate&Liza.jpg | japanname= フウとラン (Fuu & Ran) | voiceactor= | hometown= Mossdeep City | badge= Mind Badge | firstgame= Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire | firstanime= ''It's Still Rocket Roll to Me!'' | firstmanga= ''VS Grumpig! (Part 2)'' | speciality= Psychic-type Pokémon | gameteam=Xatu, Claydol, Solrock, Lunatone | animeteam=Solrock, Lunatone | mangateam=Solrock, Lunatone, Grumpig }} '''Tate''' and '''Liza''' are the Gym Leaders of Mossdeep City. They specialize in Psychic-type Pokémon. They give the Mindbadge to challengers who defeat them. ==Name references== [[Image:AG113.jpg|thumb|Liza, as seen in the anime]] {| class=wikitable ! Language ! Name ! Origin |- |Japanese |フウとラン (''Fuu & Ran'') |Split from a name for the Neofinetia falcata orchid. |- |English |Tate and Liza |Meaning "god's oath" and "to be cheerful" respectively. But "LizaTate" sound like "levitate". |- |French |Lévy & Tatia |Possible derivation of "levitation". |- |German |Svenja & Ben |Combining their names would get "Schweben" (levitation). |- |Italian |Tell & Pat |Possible derivation of "telepatia" (telepathy). |- |Spanish |Leti & Vito |Possible derivation of "levitacion" (levitation). |- |Hebrew |טייט וליזה | |- |Russian |Тэйт & Лиза |A phonetical translation of "Liza & Tate". |- |Chinese |小楓 & 小蘭 (Xiao Feng & Xiao Lan) |A phonetical translation of "Fuu & Ran". |} ==In the Anime== [[Image:AG137.jpg|thumb|Tate and Max, as seen in the anime]] In the Anime, Tate and Liza's father owns the Mosdeep Space Centre and often goes into space to search for space Pokémon. This means that they often spend time at the Space Centre, and even have battles in zero-gravity. Liza is the older of the two, and more experienced in battle, allowing Tate to relate with Max. ==Pokémon== This listing is of Liza and Tate's Pokémon in the Pokémon anime. * Lunatone (Liza's) * Solrock (Tate's) ==In the Games== [[Image:GymLeaders-Tate&Liza.jpg|thumb|Tate & Liza, as seen in R/S/E]] ===Pokémon=== This listing is for Tate and Liza's Pokémon in the video games in which they have appeared. ====Pokémon Ruby/Pokémon Sapphire==== * Level 42 Lunatone - Calm Mind, Hypnosis, Light Screen, Psychic * Level 42 Solrock - Sunny Day, Solarbeam, Flamethrower, Psychic ====Pokémon Emerald==== {| class=wikitable ! colspan="6" | Gym Match |- |Level 41 Claydol *Earthquake *Ancient Power *Psychic *Light Screen |Level 41 Xatu *Psychic *Sunny Day *Confuse Ray *Calm Mind |Level 42 Lunatone *Light Screen *Psychic *Hypnosis *Calm Mind |Level 42 Solrock *Sunny Day *Solarbeam *Psychic *Flamethrower |N/A |N/A |- style="background: #ccf;" ! colspan="6" | First Rematch |- |Level 48 Slowpoke |Level 49 Claydol |Level 49 Xatu |Level 50 Solrock |Level 50 Lunatone |N/A |- style="background: #ccf;" ! colspan="6" | Second Rematch |- |Level 53 Drowzee |Level 53 Slowpoke |Level 54 Claydol |Level 54 Xatu |Level 55 Solrock |Level 55 Lunatone |- style="background: #ccf;" ! colspan="6" | Third Rematch |- |Level 58 Hypno |Level 59 Claydol |Level 58 Slowpoke |Level 59 Xatu |Level 60 Solrock |Level 60 Lunatone |- style="background: #ccf;" ! colspan="6" | Fourth Rematch |- |Level 63 Hypno * Hypnosis * Dream Eater * Headbutt * Protect |Level 64 Claydol * Earthquake * Explosion * Psychic * Light Screen |Level 64 Xatu * Rest * Psychic * Confuse Ray * Calm Mind |Level 63 Slowking * Yawn * Psychic * Calm Mind * Protect |Level 65 Solrock * Sunny Day * Solarbeam * Psychic * Flamethrower |Level 65 Lunatone * Earthquake * Psychic * Confuse Ray * Calm Mind |} ==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga== [[Image:Manga-Tate&Liza.PNG|right|frame|Tate and Liza]] In Pokémon Adventures, Liza and Tate are the guardians of Mt. Pyre. When they somehow sensed someone had intruded into Mt. Pyre, they went all the way to Lilycove from Mossdeep in order to protect the two Orbs. However, they fell into Hank's fire illusion until Juan rescued them. Afterwards, they become Ruby's and Sapphire's teachers in double battling on the Mirage Island. They stayed on the island to ensure Ruby and Sapphire can leave for Sootopolis safely, and were not seen since then. ===Pokémon=== This listing is for Tate and Liza's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga. * Solrock * Lunatone * Spoink x2 {{Pokémon Gym Leaders}} {{BookCat}} 832van9ftnm7r359bk5ma9otul8zwop 0 479632 4633825 4597120 2026-05-03T11:47:25Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Dewikifying page 4633825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Bill_Pokémon.jpg|thumb|Bill as appearing in a Base Set trading card]] '''Bill''' is a character in the Pokémon games and anime. He is a Pokémaniac, and his favourite Pokémon are Eevee and its evolutions. In Pokémon Red and Blue, and Pokémon Yellow, the player must travel to Bill's house in order to progress through the game. When you arrive, Bill is in the form of a Rattata, and you must help him use his computer to change back. Upon doing this, Bill reveals that he is the inventor of the '''Pokémon Storage System''', up until now referred to as "someone's PC". In the anime, Ash Ketchum encountered Bill inside a Kabuto suit and had to help him out of it. In Pokémon Gold and Silver, Bill fixes the '''Time Capsule''' enabling the player to trade with previous versions. In Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, in addition to the tasks in the original Red/Blue games, Bill takes the player to the Sevii Islands. In Pokémon R/S/E, Bill sends an E-Mail to Lanette in Hoenn, lauding her for her vast improvements on his storage system. [article for lanette] {{Poke-stub}} {{BookCat}} fd2bakr2wkfl1xvakgwi34moeyabslk 0 480218 4633585 4612967 2026-05-03T02:04:50Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Making [[WB:Requests for deletion|deletion request]] 4633585 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Rfd|example=false}}</noinclude> {{Quality issue|reason=assorted and diverse issues—see [[User_talk:Akira_tanzivana#A_second_course_to_linear_algebra_-_Matrix_algebra|discussion on user page]] for details}}{{New book}} == Table of Contents == #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Preface|Preface]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Prerequisites and Notation|Prerequisites and Notation]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Spaces and Norms|Matrix Spaces and Norms]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Linear Transformations and Operators|Linear Transformations and Operators]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Rank, Nullity, and Fundamental Theorem|Rank, Nullity, and Fundamental Theorem]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Factorizations Overview|Matrix Factorizations Overview]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/LU and Variants (Pivoting, Crout, Doolittle)|LU and Variants (Pivoting, Crout, Doolittle)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/QR Decomposition and Gram–Schmidt|QR Decomposition and Gram–Schmidt]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Orthogonality and Projections|Orthogonality and Projections]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Spectral Theory (Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors)|Spectral Theory (Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Diagonalization and Jordan Canonical Form|Diagonalization and Jordan Canonical Form]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Schur Decomposition and Normal Matrices|Schur Decomposition and Normal Matrices]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Functions (Polynomial, Rational, Exponential)|Matrix Functions (Polynomial, Rational, Exponential)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Positive Definite Matrices and Cholesky|Positive Definite Matrices and Cholesky]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/SVD and Low-Rank Approximation|SVD and Low-Rank Approximation]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Pseudoinverse and Least Squares|Pseudoinverse and Least Squares]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability|Conditioning and Numerical Stability]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Calculus and Differentiation|Matrix Calculus and Differentiation]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Commutators, Similarity, and Invariants|Commutators, Similarity, and Invariants]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Canonical Forms Beyond Jordan|Canonical Forms Beyond Jordan]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Tensor Products and Kronecker Operations|Tensor Products and Kronecker Operations]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Hermitian, Unitary, and Orthogonal Matrices|Hermitian, Unitary, and Orthogonal Matrices]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Perron–Frobenius Theory|Perron–Frobenius Theory]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Inequalities (Loewner Order, Trace)|Matrix Inequalities (Loewner Order, Trace)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Majorization and Doubly Stochastic Matrices|Majorization and Doubly Stochastic Matrices]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Norms and Operator Bounds|Matrix Norms and Operator Bounds]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Spectral Radius and Gelfand’s Formula|Spectral Radius and Gelfand’s Formula]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Polynomial Theorems (Cayley–Hamilton)|Polynomial Theorems (Cayley–Hamilton)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Analysis for Optimization|Matrix Analysis for Optimization]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Graph Laplacians and Spectral Methods|Graph Laplacians and Spectral Methods]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Markov Chains and Stochastic Matrices|Markov Chains and Stochastic Matrices]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Applications in Data Science (PCA, LSA)|Applications in Data Science (PCA, LSA)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Numerical Linear Algebra (Iterative Methods)|Numerical Linear Algebra (Iterative Methods)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Sparse Matrices and Preconditioning|Sparse Matrices and Preconditioning]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Random Matrices and Concentration|Random Matrices and Concentration]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Completion and Compressed Sensing|Matrix Completion and Compressed Sensing]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Perturbation Theory|Matrix Perturbation Theory]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Inequalities in Spectral Theory (Weyl, Hoffman–Wielandt)|Inequalities in Spectral Theory (Weyl, Hoffman–Wielandt)]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Advanced Topics and Open Problems|Advanced Topics and Open Problems]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Exercises and Problems|Exercises and Problems]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Appendix: Useful Identities and Tables|Appendix: Useful Identities and Tables]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Notation Index|Notation Index]] #[[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/References for Further Study|References for Further Study]] {{BookCat}} mqvfmbzpwoxp16kg9e24livjbc8jcuv 3 480233 4633584 4613273 2026-05-03T02:04:50Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Notifying author about page tagging 4633584 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Welcome!== Welcome, Akira tanzivana! {| style="background:white; border:1px solid #abd5f5;; padding:0px; border-spacing:0px; color: #000000;" ! style="background:#d0e5f5; color: #000000;" | [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Getting started]] with Wikibooks |- | style="padding:5px;" | * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. Find out [[WB:WIW|what this means]]. * To sign your name (on discussion pages), use four tildes, like this: &#126;&#126;&#126;&#126; * Learn how to [[Using Wikibooks|use Wikibooks]] and learn more about the community. * [[WB:CCO|Explore]], [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]], and have fun! |} If you have any questions, you can ask in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]] or possibly contact me personally. [[User:臺灣象象|臺灣象象]] ([[User talk:臺灣象象|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/臺灣象象|contribs]]) 07:42, 27 November 2025 (UTC) == [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]] == Hi @[[User:Akira tanzivana|Akira tanzivana]]! I see that you have been contributing significantly to [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]]. Your contributions are appreciated; however, I am noticing several recurring issues with the material you are contributing: * Routine single additions of large content with minimal editing afterwards * Using language that treats a chapter like an entire book (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/QR Decomposition and Gram–Schmidt|here]] and [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Introduction|here]]) * Linking to many pages that don't exist, some of which don't make sense and would never exist (e.g. [[A_second_course_to_linear_algebra_-_Matrix_algebra/QR_Decomposition_and_Gram–Schmidt#How_to_read_this_book|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Stability of algorithms|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Gaussian elimination and pivoting|here]]) * Inconsistent navigation schemes (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Linear Transformations and Operators|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Backward and forward error|here]]) * Nesting (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability|here]]) * Non-specific and vague exercises (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Condition numbers|here]]) * Vague references, attributions, and recommendations for further reading (e.g. [[A_second_course_to_linear_algebra_-_Matrix_algebra/Positive_Definite_Matrices_and_Cholesky|here]] and [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Functions (Polynomial, Rational, Exponential)|here]]) * Odd language and insertions that appear to be addressing a single person (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Matrix Factorizations Overview|here]]) * Odd and inconsistent formatting (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/SVD and Low-Rank Approximation|here]], [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Backward and forward error|here]]) * Categories that don't exist or make sense under the Wikibooks category scheme (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability|here]]) * Explicit numbering (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Backward and forward error#LESSON_NOTES|here]]) * Using Wikipedia as a reference (e.g. [[A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra/Conditioning and Numerical Stability/Stability of algorithms|here]]) Taken all together, these look a lot like you are using generative AI to make content, which is against [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence|Wikibooks policy]]. Could you please explain this? Additionally, I think it is best for you to refrain from adding additional content while this content still has issues. Please let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:30, 21 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Akira tanzivana|Akira tanzivana]] I see that you are still adding pages with quality issues as described. Could you please respond here? Thanks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:13, 23 January 2026 (UTC) ==[[:A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Akira tanzivana, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra|A second course to linear algebra - Matrix algebra]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:04, 3 May 2026 (UTC)}} 0b3418ux87m88x8m5x50zkch27nzvxs 2 480624 4633557 4606970 2026-05-02T20:27:44Z NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh 3345990 Automatically updating Luna preferences 4633557 json application/json { "rollback": { "rc": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "rcl": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "wl": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "ct": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "ht": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "df": { "rb": true, "vand": true, "res": true }, "oi": { "res": true } }, "CSD": {}, "CTP": {}, "CTF": {}, "DI": {}, "warn": {}, "welcome": {}, "welcomeUnregistered": {}, "tb": {}, "debug": false, "version": 0.82 } 26d63u0d9dys07uymxwdqdqt7js6lsy 0 481253 4633587 4613163 2026-05-03T02:06:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 − 9 categories using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4633587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{New book}}{{Denest}}[[File:156 365 no-gi grappling (4672861418).jpg|thumb|350x350px|Jiu Jitsu practitioners training in no-gi]] '''Brazilian Jiu Jitsu''' (''BJJ'') is a grappling-based martial art focused on positional control, leverages, and submissions.<ref>{{Citation |title=Brazilian jiu-jitsu |date=2025-12-27 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_jiu-jitsu&oldid=1329667290 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-01-20 |language=en}}</ref> This guide is meant to document '''conceptual''' and '''technical''' aspects of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. It is intended for practitioners of '''all levels''' and applies to both '''Gi''' and '''No-Gi''', with differences noted for each technique where it is relevant. This guide will focus ''mostly'' on the ground fighting. It should not cover things like the main idea of the sport, philosophies, where to train, etiquette, how to get better, etc. == Contents == * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Movements|Movements]] - (shrimping, bridging, ...) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Grips|Grips and Controls]] - (cable, figure 4, ..., crossface, underhook) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Pins|Pins]] - (side control, mount, back, ...) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Guards|Guards]] - (closed guard, half guard, open guard, ... by category) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Submissions|Submissions]] - (Arm-bar, rear naked choke, knee-bar, ...) == Note on Structure == The guards and pins sections list the submissions available from each position, but the full details and step-by-step instructions for those submissions are located in the separate '''Submissions''' section. There are a lot of possible configurations and options for each position in the sport, but it will be listed mostly the more effective ones or the ones that really can change the game in a positive way for the respective player {{BookCat}} <references /> 6eu0aazq26iik9hhz11ta92wxysbx06 4633588 4633587 2026-05-03T02:06:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 added [[Category:Shelf:Athletic games]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4633588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{New book}}{{Denest}}[[File:156 365 no-gi grappling (4672861418).jpg|thumb|350x350px|Jiu Jitsu practitioners training in no-gi]] '''Brazilian Jiu Jitsu''' (''BJJ'') is a grappling-based martial art focused on positional control, leverages, and submissions.<ref>{{Citation |title=Brazilian jiu-jitsu |date=2025-12-27 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_jiu-jitsu&oldid=1329667290 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-01-20 |language=en}}</ref> This guide is meant to document '''conceptual''' and '''technical''' aspects of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. It is intended for practitioners of '''all levels''' and applies to both '''Gi''' and '''No-Gi''', with differences noted for each technique where it is relevant. This guide will focus ''mostly'' on the ground fighting. It should not cover things like the main idea of the sport, philosophies, where to train, etiquette, how to get better, etc. == Contents == * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Movements|Movements]] - (shrimping, bridging, ...) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Grips|Grips and Controls]] - (cable, figure 4, ..., crossface, underhook) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Pins|Pins]] - (side control, mount, back, ...) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Guards|Guards]] - (closed guard, half guard, open guard, ... by category) * [[Brazilian_Jiu_Jitsu:_Positional_and_Technical_Guide/Submissions|Submissions]] - (Arm-bar, rear naked choke, knee-bar, ...) == Note on Structure == The guards and pins sections list the submissions available from each position, but the full details and step-by-step instructions for those submissions are located in the separate '''Submissions''' section. There are a lot of possible configurations and options for each position in the sport, but it will be listed mostly the more effective ones or the ones that really can change the game in a positive way for the respective player {{BookCat}} <references /> [[Category:Shelf:Athletic games]] 8b1lc3c5gpzgioqc142bluw0vo1iggo 2 481953 4633794 4633515 2026-05-03T07:01:48Z ShakespeareFan00 46022 4633794 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://randomincategory.toolforge.org/Pages_needing_to_be_dewikified?site=en.wikibooks.org useful link for me]{{babel|tr|en-4|de-1}} {{Userboxtop}} {{User contrib|200}} {{User reviewer}} {{Userboxbottom}} 9naeyfmmbozyrprqxt83tjhdf4cbpwq 0 481968 4633779 4633479 2026-05-03T04:04:01Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 5, Engine: */ 4633779 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WP0 - Porsche passenger car * WP1 - Porsche SUV ===Position 4, Body Style:=== '''718 / 911:''' * A = Coupe * B = Targa (911 - Type 996/997/991/992) * C = Cabriolet * D = Targa (911 - Type 993) '''Panamera / Taycan:''' * A = sedan (SWB) * B = LWB sedan (Panamera Executive) or Cross Turismo (Taycan) * C = Sport Turismo '''Macan / Cayenne:''' * A = SUV (wagon) * B = Coupe-styled SUV (Cayenne Coupe) ===Position 5, Engine:=== '''Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 986: *A = 2.5L flat-6, 201 hp (Boxster '97-'99) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 217 hp (Boxster '00-'02) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 225 hp (Boxster '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 250 hp (Boxster S '00-'02) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 258 hp (Boxster S '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 264 hp (Boxster S 50 Years of the 550 Spyder Anniversary Edition '04) Type 987: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 240 hp (Boxster '05-'06) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 245 hp (Boxster '07-'08, Limited Edition '08), 245 hp (Cayman '07-'08) *A = 2.9L flat-6, 255 hp (Boxster '09-'12), 265 hp (Cayman '09-'12) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 280 hp (Boxster S '05-'06) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 295 hp (Boxster S '07-'08, S Limited Edition '08), 295 hp (Cayman S '06-'08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 310 hp (Boxster S '09-'12), 320 hp (Cayman S '09-'12) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 303 hp (Boxster S Porsche Design Edition 2 '08, RS 60 Spyder '08), 303 hp (Cayman S Sport '08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 320 hp (Boxster S Black Edition '12, Spyder '11-'12), 330 hp (Cayman S Black Edition '12, Cayman R '12) Type 981: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 265 hp (Boxster '13-'16, Boxster Black Edition '16), 275 hp (Cayman '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 315 hp (Boxster S '13-'16), 325 hp (Cayman S '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 330 hp (Boxster GTS '15-'16), 340 hp (Cayman GTS '15-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 375 hp (Boxster Spyder '16), 385 hp (Cayman GT4 '16) '''718 Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 982: *A = 2.0L turbo flat-4, 300 hp <br> (718 Boxster '17-'25, 718 Boxster T '20-'23, 718 Boxster Style Edition '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'25, 718 Cayman T '20-'23, 718 Cayman Style Edition '24-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 350 hp (718 Boxster S, 718 Cayman S '17-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 365 hp (718 Boxster GTS, 718 Cayman GTS '18-'19) *D = 4.0L flat-6, 394 hp (718 Boxster GTS 4.0 '21-'25, 718 Boxster 25 Years '21, 718 Cayman GTS 4.0 '21-'25) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 414 hp (718 Spyder, 718 Cayman GT4 '20-'23) *E = 4.0L flat-6, 493 hp (718 Spyder RS '24-'25, 718 Cayman GT4 RS '23-'25) '''911:''' Type 993: *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 270 hp (911 Carrera '95, Carrera 4 '95) *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 282 hp (911 Carrera '96-'98, Targa '96-'98, Carrera S '98, Carrera 4 '96-'98, Carrera 4S '96-'98) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 400 hp (911 Turbo '96-'97) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 424 hp (911 Turbo S '97) Type 996: *A = 3.4L DOHC 24-valve water-cooled flat-6, 296 hp (911 Carrera '99, Carrera 4 '99) *A = 3.4L flat-6, 300 hp (911 Carrera '00-'01, Carrera 4 '00-'01) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 320 hp (911 Carrera '02-'04, Carrera Cabriolet '05, Targa '02-'05, Carrera 4 '02-'04, Carrera 4S '03-'05) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera 40th Anniversary Edition -'04) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 415 hp (911 Turbo '01-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 444 hp (911 Turbo S '05) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 381 hp (911 GT3 '04-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 456 hp (911 GT2 '02-'03) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 477 hp (911 GT2 '04) Type 997: *A = 3.6L flat-6, 325 hp (911 Carrera '05-'08, Carrera 4 '06-'08, Targa 4 '07-'08) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera '09-'12, Carrera Black Edition '12, Carrera 4 '09-'12, Targa 4 '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 355 hp (911 Carrera S '05-'08, Carrera 4S '06-'08, Targa 4S '07-'08) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 385 hp (911 Carrera S '09-'12, Carrera 4S '09-'12, Targa 4S '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 381 hp (911 Carrera S Club Coupe '06) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 408 hp (911 Carrera GTS '11-'12, Carrera 4 GTS '12, Speedster '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 480 hp (911 Turbo '07-'09) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 500 hp (911 Turbo '10-'13) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 Turbo S '11-'13) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 435 hp (911 GT3 '10-'11) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 RS '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 450 hp (911 GT3 RS '10-'11) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS 4.0 '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 GT2 '08-'09) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 620 hp (911 GT2 RS '11) Type 991.1: *A = 3.4L flat-6, 350 hp (911 Carrera '12-'16, Carrera 4 '13-'16, Targa 4 '14-'16) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 400 hp (911 Carrera S '12-'16, Carrera 4S '13-'16, Targa 4S '14-'16, 911 50th Anniversary Edition '14) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 430 hp (911 Carrera GTS '15-'16, Carrera 4 GTS '15-'16, Targa 4 GTS '16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 520 hp (911 Turbo '14-'16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 560 hp (911 Turbo S '14-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 475 hp (911 GT3 '14-'15) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS '16, 911 R '16) Type 991.2: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 370 hp (911 Carrera '17-'19, Carrera T '18-'19, Carrera 4 '17-'19, Targa 4 '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 420 hp (911 Carrera S '17-'19, Carrera 4S '17-'19, Targa 4S '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 450 hp (911 Carrera GTS '17-'19, Carrera 4 GTS '17-'19, Targa 4 GTS '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 540 hp (911 Turbo '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 580 hp (911 Turbo S '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 607 hp (911 Turbo S Exclusive Series '18-'19) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '18-'19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 Speedster '19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 520 hp (911 GT3 RS '19) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 690 hp (911 GT2 RS '18-'19) Type 992: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 379 hp (911 Carrera '20-'24, Carrera T '23-'24, Carrera 4 '20-'24, Targa 4 '21-'24) *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 388 hp (911 Carrera, Carrera T '25-, Carrera T Club Coupe '26) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 443 hp (911 Carrera S '20-'24, Carrera 4S '20-'24, Targa 4S '21-'24) *H = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera S '26-, Carrera 4S '26-, Targa 4S '26-) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera GTS '22-'24, Carrera 4 GTS '22-'24, Targa 4 GTS '22-'24, Dakar '23-'24) *B = Hybrid: 3.6L turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 532 hp (911 Carrera GTS, Carrera 4 GTS, Targa 4 GTS '25-, 911 Spirit 70 '26) *G = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 543 hp (911 Sport Classic '23) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 572 hp (911 Turbo '21-'25) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 640 hp (911 Turbo S '21-'25) *D = Hybrid: 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 701 hp (911 Turbo S '26-) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '22-'26) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 518 hp (911 GT3 RS '23-'25, 911 S/T '24) '''Carrera GT:''' *A = 5.7L Porsche M80.01 68° V10, 605 hp (Carrera GT '04-'05) '''918 Spyder:''' *A = PHEV: 4.6L Porsche M18 flat-plane crank V8 + 2 electric motors (1 front, 1 rear), Lithium-ion battery, 887 total system hp (918 Spyder '15) '''Panamera:''' Type 970: *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 300 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '11-'13) *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 310 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '14-'16) *D = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Panamera S Hybrid '12-'13) *D = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Panamera S E-Hybrid '14-'16) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Panamera S, 4S '10-'13) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.60 90° V6, 420 hp (Panamera S, 4S '14-'16) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 430 hp (Panamera GTS '13) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 440 hp (Panamera GTS '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Panamera Turbo '10-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Panamera Turbo '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo S '12-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Panamera Turbo S '15-'16) Type 971 & 976: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 330 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '17-'20) *J = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 325 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '21-'23) *A = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 348 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '24-) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '18-'23) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '25-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 440 hp (Panamera 4S '17-'20) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 443 hp (Panamera 4S '21-'23) *K = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 552 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *C = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 536 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '25-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Panamera GTS '19-'20) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 473 hp (Panamera GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Panamera GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo '17-'20) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 620 hp (Panamera Turbo S '21-'23) *F = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Panamera Turbo E-Hybrid '25-) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 680 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '18-'20) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 690 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 771 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '25-) '''Taycan:''' *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 469 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan '21-'24) *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4 '25-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 522 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 562 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '20-'24) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 536 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 590 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '25-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 590 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '22-'24) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 690 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 670 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 750 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 871 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 938 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1019 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo GT '25-) '''Macan:''' *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 248 hp (Macan '17-'21) *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 261 hp (Macan '22-, Macan T '23-) *B = 3.0L turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 340 hp (Macan S '15-'18) *B = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Macan S '19-'21) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan S '22-) *G = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 360 hp (Macan GTS '17-'18) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan GTS '20-'21) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan GTS '22-) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 400 hp (Macan Turbo '15-'18) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Macan Turbo w/Performance Package '17-'18) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan Turbo '20-'21) '''Macan Electric:''' *D = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 355 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4 '24-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 509 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 563 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric GTS '26-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 630 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric Turbo '24-) '''Cayenne:''' 955/957 or 9PA: *A = 3.2L (3189cc) VW EA390 15° VR6, 247 hp (Cayenne '04-'06) *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° FSI VR6, 290 hp (Cayenne '08-'10) *B = 4.5L Porsche M48 V8, 340 hp (Cayenne S '03-'06, S Titanium Edition '06) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 385 hp (Cayenne S '08-'10) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 405 hp (Cayenne GTS '08-'10, S Transsyberia '10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 450 hp (Cayenne Turbo '03-'06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '08-'10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '09-'10) 958 or 92A: *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° VR6, 300 hp (Cayenne '11-'14, '16-'18) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Cayenne S '11-'14) *B = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 420 hp (Cayenne S '15-'18) *E = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Cayenne S Hybrid '11-'14) *E = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '15-'18) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 420 hp (Cayenne GTS '13-'14) *D = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Cayenne GTS '16-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '11-'14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo '15-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '16-'18) *F = 3.0L turbodiesel Audi EA897 90° V6, 240 hp (Cayenne Diesel '13-'16) 9YA/9YB: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 335 hp (Cayenne '19-'23) *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Cayenne '24-) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '19-'23) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '24-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Cayenne S '19-'23) *L = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 468 hp (Cayenne S '24-) *N = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 512 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '24-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Cayenne GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Cayenne GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 541 hp (Cayenne Turbo '19-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid '20-'23) *M = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 729 hp (Cayenne Turbo E-Hybrid '24-) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 631 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '22-'23) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 650 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '24-) '''Cayenne Electric:''' *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 435 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric '26-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1139 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric Turbo '26-) ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *1 = Seat Belts only *2 = Passive Restraint System - Airbags (Driver and Passenger Front Airbags) ===Position 7-8, Vehicle Type Code=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN Pos. 7-8 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |92 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |93 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |92 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |94 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |95 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |96 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |92 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |98 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |98 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |A8 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |A8 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |A8 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |91 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |93 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |96 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |99 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |99 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |99 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |A9 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |A9 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |A9 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |98 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |A1 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |A7 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |A7 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |YA | |Panamera (2024-) |976 |- |Y1 |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |A5 |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |XA | |Macan Electric (2024-) |XAB |- |9P |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |AP |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A2 |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |AY |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |- |X1 | |Cayenne Electric (2026-) |E4 |} ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * S: Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, Germany * L: Leipzig, Germany * D: Bratislava, Slovakia (VW plant - Cayenne '19-) * K: Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW plant - Cayenne '16-'18, Boxster '13-15, Cayman '14-'16, 718 Boxster '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'18, '20-'21, '23-'25) * N: Neckarsulm, Germany (Audi plant - 924, 944) * U: Uusikaupunki, Finland (Valmet plant - Boxster '98-'11, Cayman '06-'12) ===Position 12, 3rd Digit of Vehicle Type Code=== Note: Only applies to models with a 3-digit Vehicle Type Code. Models with a 2-digit Vehicle Type Code use pos. 12 for the serial number. {| class="wikitable" |+Position 12 !VIN Pos. 12 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |4 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |1 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |4 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |4 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |1 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |8 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |8 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |6 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |7 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |7 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |1 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |2 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |1 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |0 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |4 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |3 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |6 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |7 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |7 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |1 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |2 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |0 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |8 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |0 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |1 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |A |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |B |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |A |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |A |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |A |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |} '''Positions 12–17 or 13–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} 9s7vyudkij7n4t6gaco1r9g3uxz7039 4633780 4633779 2026-05-03T04:35:24Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 4, Body Style: */ 4633780 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WP0 - Porsche passenger car * WP1 - Porsche SUV ===Position 4, Body Style:=== '''718 / 911:''' * A = Coupe * B = Targa (911 - Type 964/996/997/991/992) * C = Cabriolet * D = Targa (911 - Type 993) '''Panamera / Taycan:''' * A = sedan (SWB) * B = LWB sedan (Panamera Executive) or Cross Turismo (Taycan) * C = Sport Turismo '''Macan / Cayenne:''' * A = SUV (wagon) * B = Coupe-styled SUV (Cayenne Coupe) ===Position 5, Engine:=== '''Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 986: *A = 2.5L flat-6, 201 hp (Boxster '97-'99) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 217 hp (Boxster '00-'02) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 225 hp (Boxster '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 250 hp (Boxster S '00-'02) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 258 hp (Boxster S '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 264 hp (Boxster S 50 Years of the 550 Spyder Anniversary Edition '04) Type 987: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 240 hp (Boxster '05-'06) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 245 hp (Boxster '07-'08, Limited Edition '08), 245 hp (Cayman '07-'08) *A = 2.9L flat-6, 255 hp (Boxster '09-'12), 265 hp (Cayman '09-'12) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 280 hp (Boxster S '05-'06) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 295 hp (Boxster S '07-'08, S Limited Edition '08), 295 hp (Cayman S '06-'08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 310 hp (Boxster S '09-'12), 320 hp (Cayman S '09-'12) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 303 hp (Boxster S Porsche Design Edition 2 '08, RS 60 Spyder '08), 303 hp (Cayman S Sport '08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 320 hp (Boxster S Black Edition '12, Spyder '11-'12), 330 hp (Cayman S Black Edition '12, Cayman R '12) Type 981: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 265 hp (Boxster '13-'16, Boxster Black Edition '16), 275 hp (Cayman '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 315 hp (Boxster S '13-'16), 325 hp (Cayman S '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 330 hp (Boxster GTS '15-'16), 340 hp (Cayman GTS '15-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 375 hp (Boxster Spyder '16), 385 hp (Cayman GT4 '16) '''718 Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 982: *A = 2.0L turbo flat-4, 300 hp <br> (718 Boxster '17-'25, 718 Boxster T '20-'23, 718 Boxster Style Edition '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'25, 718 Cayman T '20-'23, 718 Cayman Style Edition '24-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 350 hp (718 Boxster S, 718 Cayman S '17-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 365 hp (718 Boxster GTS, 718 Cayman GTS '18-'19) *D = 4.0L flat-6, 394 hp (718 Boxster GTS 4.0 '21-'25, 718 Boxster 25 Years '21, 718 Cayman GTS 4.0 '21-'25) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 414 hp (718 Spyder, 718 Cayman GT4 '20-'23) *E = 4.0L flat-6, 493 hp (718 Spyder RS '24-'25, 718 Cayman GT4 RS '23-'25) '''911:''' Type 993: *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 270 hp (911 Carrera '95, Carrera 4 '95) *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 282 hp (911 Carrera '96-'98, Targa '96-'98, Carrera S '98, Carrera 4 '96-'98, Carrera 4S '96-'98) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 400 hp (911 Turbo '96-'97) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 424 hp (911 Turbo S '97) Type 996: *A = 3.4L DOHC 24-valve water-cooled flat-6, 296 hp (911 Carrera '99, Carrera 4 '99) *A = 3.4L flat-6, 300 hp (911 Carrera '00-'01, Carrera 4 '00-'01) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 320 hp (911 Carrera '02-'04, Carrera Cabriolet '05, Targa '02-'05, Carrera 4 '02-'04, Carrera 4S '03-'05) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera 40th Anniversary Edition -'04) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 415 hp (911 Turbo '01-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 444 hp (911 Turbo S '05) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 381 hp (911 GT3 '04-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 456 hp (911 GT2 '02-'03) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 477 hp (911 GT2 '04) Type 997: *A = 3.6L flat-6, 325 hp (911 Carrera '05-'08, Carrera 4 '06-'08, Targa 4 '07-'08) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera '09-'12, Carrera Black Edition '12, Carrera 4 '09-'12, Targa 4 '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 355 hp (911 Carrera S '05-'08, Carrera 4S '06-'08, Targa 4S '07-'08) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 385 hp (911 Carrera S '09-'12, Carrera 4S '09-'12, Targa 4S '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 381 hp (911 Carrera S Club Coupe '06) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 408 hp (911 Carrera GTS '11-'12, Carrera 4 GTS '12, Speedster '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 480 hp (911 Turbo '07-'09) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 500 hp (911 Turbo '10-'13) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 Turbo S '11-'13) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 435 hp (911 GT3 '10-'11) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 RS '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 450 hp (911 GT3 RS '10-'11) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS 4.0 '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 GT2 '08-'09) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 620 hp (911 GT2 RS '11) Type 991.1: *A = 3.4L flat-6, 350 hp (911 Carrera '12-'16, Carrera 4 '13-'16, Targa 4 '14-'16) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 400 hp (911 Carrera S '12-'16, Carrera 4S '13-'16, Targa 4S '14-'16, 911 50th Anniversary Edition '14) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 430 hp (911 Carrera GTS '15-'16, Carrera 4 GTS '15-'16, Targa 4 GTS '16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 520 hp (911 Turbo '14-'16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 560 hp (911 Turbo S '14-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 475 hp (911 GT3 '14-'15) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS '16, 911 R '16) Type 991.2: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 370 hp (911 Carrera '17-'19, Carrera T '18-'19, Carrera 4 '17-'19, Targa 4 '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 420 hp (911 Carrera S '17-'19, Carrera 4S '17-'19, Targa 4S '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 450 hp (911 Carrera GTS '17-'19, Carrera 4 GTS '17-'19, Targa 4 GTS '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 540 hp (911 Turbo '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 580 hp (911 Turbo S '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 607 hp (911 Turbo S Exclusive Series '18-'19) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '18-'19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 Speedster '19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 520 hp (911 GT3 RS '19) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 690 hp (911 GT2 RS '18-'19) Type 992: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 379 hp (911 Carrera '20-'24, Carrera T '23-'24, Carrera 4 '20-'24, Targa 4 '21-'24) *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 388 hp (911 Carrera, Carrera T '25-, Carrera T Club Coupe '26) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 443 hp (911 Carrera S '20-'24, Carrera 4S '20-'24, Targa 4S '21-'24) *H = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera S '26-, Carrera 4S '26-, Targa 4S '26-) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera GTS '22-'24, Carrera 4 GTS '22-'24, Targa 4 GTS '22-'24, Dakar '23-'24) *B = Hybrid: 3.6L turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 532 hp (911 Carrera GTS, Carrera 4 GTS, Targa 4 GTS '25-, 911 Spirit 70 '26) *G = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 543 hp (911 Sport Classic '23) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 572 hp (911 Turbo '21-'25) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 640 hp (911 Turbo S '21-'25) *D = Hybrid: 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 701 hp (911 Turbo S '26-) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '22-'26) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 518 hp (911 GT3 RS '23-'25, 911 S/T '24) '''Carrera GT:''' *A = 5.7L Porsche M80.01 68° V10, 605 hp (Carrera GT '04-'05) '''918 Spyder:''' *A = PHEV: 4.6L Porsche M18 flat-plane crank V8 + 2 electric motors (1 front, 1 rear), Lithium-ion battery, 887 total system hp (918 Spyder '15) '''Panamera:''' Type 970: *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 300 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '11-'13) *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 310 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '14-'16) *D = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Panamera S Hybrid '12-'13) *D = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Panamera S E-Hybrid '14-'16) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Panamera S, 4S '10-'13) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.60 90° V6, 420 hp (Panamera S, 4S '14-'16) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 430 hp (Panamera GTS '13) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 440 hp (Panamera GTS '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Panamera Turbo '10-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Panamera Turbo '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo S '12-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Panamera Turbo S '15-'16) Type 971 & 976: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 330 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '17-'20) *J = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 325 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '21-'23) *A = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 348 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '24-) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '18-'23) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '25-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 440 hp (Panamera 4S '17-'20) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 443 hp (Panamera 4S '21-'23) *K = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 552 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *C = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 536 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '25-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Panamera GTS '19-'20) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 473 hp (Panamera GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Panamera GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo '17-'20) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 620 hp (Panamera Turbo S '21-'23) *F = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Panamera Turbo E-Hybrid '25-) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 680 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '18-'20) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 690 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 771 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '25-) '''Taycan:''' *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 469 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan '21-'24) *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4 '25-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 522 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 562 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '20-'24) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 536 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 590 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '25-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 590 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '22-'24) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 690 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 670 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 750 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 871 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 938 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1019 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo GT '25-) '''Macan:''' *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 248 hp (Macan '17-'21) *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 261 hp (Macan '22-, Macan T '23-) *B = 3.0L turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 340 hp (Macan S '15-'18) *B = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Macan S '19-'21) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan S '22-) *G = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 360 hp (Macan GTS '17-'18) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan GTS '20-'21) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan GTS '22-) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 400 hp (Macan Turbo '15-'18) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Macan Turbo w/Performance Package '17-'18) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan Turbo '20-'21) '''Macan Electric:''' *D = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 355 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4 '24-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 509 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 563 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric GTS '26-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 630 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric Turbo '24-) '''Cayenne:''' 955/957 or 9PA: *A = 3.2L (3189cc) VW EA390 15° VR6, 247 hp (Cayenne '04-'06) *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° FSI VR6, 290 hp (Cayenne '08-'10) *B = 4.5L Porsche M48 V8, 340 hp (Cayenne S '03-'06, S Titanium Edition '06) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 385 hp (Cayenne S '08-'10) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 405 hp (Cayenne GTS '08-'10, S Transsyberia '10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 450 hp (Cayenne Turbo '03-'06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '08-'10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '09-'10) 958 or 92A: *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° VR6, 300 hp (Cayenne '11-'14, '16-'18) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Cayenne S '11-'14) *B = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 420 hp (Cayenne S '15-'18) *E = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Cayenne S Hybrid '11-'14) *E = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '15-'18) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 420 hp (Cayenne GTS '13-'14) *D = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Cayenne GTS '16-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '11-'14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo '15-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '16-'18) *F = 3.0L turbodiesel Audi EA897 90° V6, 240 hp (Cayenne Diesel '13-'16) 9YA/9YB: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 335 hp (Cayenne '19-'23) *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Cayenne '24-) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '19-'23) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '24-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Cayenne S '19-'23) *L = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 468 hp (Cayenne S '24-) *N = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 512 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '24-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Cayenne GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Cayenne GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 541 hp (Cayenne Turbo '19-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid '20-'23) *M = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 729 hp (Cayenne Turbo E-Hybrid '24-) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 631 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '22-'23) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 650 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '24-) '''Cayenne Electric:''' *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 435 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric '26-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1139 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric Turbo '26-) ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *1 = Seat Belts only *2 = Passive Restraint System - Airbags (Driver and Passenger Front Airbags) ===Position 7-8, Vehicle Type Code=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN Pos. 7-8 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |92 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |93 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |92 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |94 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |95 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |96 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |92 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |98 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |98 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |A8 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |A8 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |A8 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |91 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |93 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |96 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |99 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |99 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |99 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |A9 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |A9 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |A9 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |98 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |A1 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |A7 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |A7 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |YA | |Panamera (2024-) |976 |- |Y1 |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |A5 |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |XA | |Macan Electric (2024-) |XAB |- |9P |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |AP |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A2 |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |AY |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |- |X1 | |Cayenne Electric (2026-) |E4 |} ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * S: Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, Germany * L: Leipzig, Germany * D: Bratislava, Slovakia (VW plant - Cayenne '19-) * K: Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW plant - Cayenne '16-'18, Boxster '13-15, Cayman '14-'16, 718 Boxster '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'18, '20-'21, '23-'25) * N: Neckarsulm, Germany (Audi plant - 924, 944) * U: Uusikaupunki, Finland (Valmet plant - Boxster '98-'11, Cayman '06-'12) ===Position 12, 3rd Digit of Vehicle Type Code=== Note: Only applies to models with a 3-digit Vehicle Type Code. Models with a 2-digit Vehicle Type Code use pos. 12 for the serial number. {| class="wikitable" |+Position 12 !VIN Pos. 12 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |4 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |1 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |4 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |4 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |1 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |8 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |8 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |6 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |7 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |7 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |1 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |2 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |1 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |0 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |4 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |3 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |6 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |7 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |7 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |1 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |2 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |0 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |8 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |0 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |1 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |A |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |B |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |A |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |A |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |A |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |} '''Positions 12–17 or 13–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} fwq6bk9gbm5d3d83ocs8dt7wi299m3k 4633782 4633780 2026-05-03T05:21:15Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 4, Body Style: */ 4633782 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WP0 - Porsche passenger car * WP1 - Porsche SUV ===Position 4, Body Style:=== '''924:''' * A = Coupe '''944:''' * A = Coupe * B = Cabriolet (1989 only) * C = Cabriolet (1990-1991) '''968/Boxster/Cayman/718:''' * A = Coupe * C = Cabriolet '''928:''' * J = Coupe (1981-1990) * A = Coupe (1991-1995) '''911:''' * A = Coupe * B = Targa (911 - Type 964/996/997/991/992) * C = Cabriolet * D = Targa (911 - Type 993) '''Carrera GT / 918 Spyder:''' * C = Cabriolet '''Panamera / Taycan:''' * A = sedan (SWB) * B = LWB sedan (Panamera Executive) or Cross Turismo (Taycan) * C = Sport Turismo '''Macan / Cayenne:''' * A = SUV (wagon) * B = Coupe-styled SUV (Cayenne Coupe) ===Position 5, Engine:=== '''Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 986: *A = 2.5L flat-6, 201 hp (Boxster '97-'99) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 217 hp (Boxster '00-'02) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 225 hp (Boxster '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 250 hp (Boxster S '00-'02) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 258 hp (Boxster S '03-'04) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 264 hp (Boxster S 50 Years of the 550 Spyder Anniversary Edition '04) Type 987: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 240 hp (Boxster '05-'06) *A = 2.7L flat-6, 245 hp (Boxster '07-'08, Limited Edition '08), 245 hp (Cayman '07-'08) *A = 2.9L flat-6, 255 hp (Boxster '09-'12), 265 hp (Cayman '09-'12) *B = 3.2L flat-6, 280 hp (Boxster S '05-'06) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 295 hp (Boxster S '07-'08, S Limited Edition '08), 295 hp (Cayman S '06-'08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 310 hp (Boxster S '09-'12), 320 hp (Cayman S '09-'12) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 303 hp (Boxster S Porsche Design Edition 2 '08, RS 60 Spyder '08), 303 hp (Cayman S Sport '08) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 320 hp (Boxster S Black Edition '12, Spyder '11-'12), 330 hp (Cayman S Black Edition '12, Cayman R '12) Type 981: *A = 2.7L flat-6, 265 hp (Boxster '13-'16, Boxster Black Edition '16), 275 hp (Cayman '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 315 hp (Boxster S '13-'16), 325 hp (Cayman S '14-'16) *B = 3.4L flat-6, 330 hp (Boxster GTS '15-'16), 340 hp (Cayman GTS '15-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 375 hp (Boxster Spyder '16), 385 hp (Cayman GT4 '16) '''718 Boxster/Cayman:''' Type 982: *A = 2.0L turbo flat-4, 300 hp <br> (718 Boxster '17-'25, 718 Boxster T '20-'23, 718 Boxster Style Edition '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'25, 718 Cayman T '20-'23, 718 Cayman Style Edition '24-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 350 hp (718 Boxster S, 718 Cayman S '17-'25) *B = 2.5L turbo flat-4, 365 hp (718 Boxster GTS, 718 Cayman GTS '18-'19) *D = 4.0L flat-6, 394 hp (718 Boxster GTS 4.0 '21-'25, 718 Boxster 25 Years '21, 718 Cayman GTS 4.0 '21-'25) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 414 hp (718 Spyder, 718 Cayman GT4 '20-'23) *E = 4.0L flat-6, 493 hp (718 Spyder RS '24-'25, 718 Cayman GT4 RS '23-'25) '''911:''' Type 993: *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 270 hp (911 Carrera '95, Carrera 4 '95) *A = 3.6L SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 282 hp (911 Carrera '96-'98, Targa '96-'98, Carrera S '98, Carrera 4 '96-'98, Carrera 4S '96-'98) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 400 hp (911 Turbo '96-'97) *C = 3.6L twin-turbo SOHC 12-valve air-cooled flat-6, 424 hp (911 Turbo S '97) Type 996: *A = 3.4L DOHC 24-valve water-cooled flat-6, 296 hp (911 Carrera '99, Carrera 4 '99) *A = 3.4L flat-6, 300 hp (911 Carrera '00-'01, Carrera 4 '00-'01) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 320 hp (911 Carrera '02-'04, Carrera Cabriolet '05, Targa '02-'05, Carrera 4 '02-'04, Carrera 4S '03-'05) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera 40th Anniversary Edition -'04) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 415 hp (911 Turbo '01-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 444 hp (911 Turbo S '05) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 381 hp (911 GT3 '04-'05) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 456 hp (911 GT2 '02-'03) *B = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 477 hp (911 GT2 '04) Type 997: *A = 3.6L flat-6, 325 hp (911 Carrera '05-'08, Carrera 4 '06-'08, Targa 4 '07-'08) *A = 3.6L flat-6, 345 hp (911 Carrera '09-'12, Carrera Black Edition '12, Carrera 4 '09-'12, Targa 4 '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 355 hp (911 Carrera S '05-'08, Carrera 4S '06-'08, Targa 4S '07-'08) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 385 hp (911 Carrera S '09-'12, Carrera 4S '09-'12, Targa 4S '09-'12) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 381 hp (911 Carrera S Club Coupe '06) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 408 hp (911 Carrera GTS '11-'12, Carrera 4 GTS '12, Speedster '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 480 hp (911 Turbo '07-'09) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 500 hp (911 Turbo '10-'13) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 Turbo S '11-'13) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 435 hp (911 GT3 '10-'11) *C = 3.6L flat-6, 415 hp (911 GT3 RS '07-'08) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 450 hp (911 GT3 RS '10-'11) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS 4.0 '11) *D = 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6, 530 hp (911 GT2 '08-'09) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 620 hp (911 GT2 RS '11) Type 991.1: *A = 3.4L flat-6, 350 hp (911 Carrera '12-'16, Carrera 4 '13-'16, Targa 4 '14-'16) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 400 hp (911 Carrera S '12-'16, Carrera 4S '13-'16, Targa 4S '14-'16, 911 50th Anniversary Edition '14) *B = 3.8L flat-6, 430 hp (911 Carrera GTS '15-'16, Carrera 4 GTS '15-'16, Targa 4 GTS '16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 520 hp (911 Turbo '14-'16) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 560 hp (911 Turbo S '14-'16) *C = 3.8L flat-6, 475 hp (911 GT3 '14-'15) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3 RS '16, 911 R '16) Type 991.2: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 370 hp (911 Carrera '17-'19, Carrera T '18-'19, Carrera 4 '17-'19, Targa 4 '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 420 hp (911 Carrera S '17-'19, Carrera 4S '17-'19, Targa 4S '17-'19) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 450 hp (911 Carrera GTS '17-'19, Carrera 4 GTS '17-'19, Targa 4 GTS '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 540 hp (911 Turbo '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 580 hp (911 Turbo S '17-'19) *D = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 607 hp (911 Turbo S Exclusive Series '18-'19) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 500 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '18-'19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 Speedster '19) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 520 hp (911 GT3 RS '19) *E = 3.8L twin-turbo flat-6, 690 hp (911 GT2 RS '18-'19) Type 992: *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 379 hp (911 Carrera '20-'24, Carrera T '23-'24, Carrera 4 '20-'24, Targa 4 '21-'24) *A = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 388 hp (911 Carrera, Carrera T '25-, Carrera T Club Coupe '26) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 443 hp (911 Carrera S '20-'24, Carrera 4S '20-'24, Targa 4S '21-'24) *H = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera S '26-, Carrera 4S '26-, Targa 4S '26-) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo flat-6, 473 hp (911 Carrera GTS '22-'24, Carrera 4 GTS '22-'24, Targa 4 GTS '22-'24, Dakar '23-'24) *B = Hybrid: 3.6L turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 532 hp (911 Carrera GTS, Carrera 4 GTS, Targa 4 GTS '25-, 911 Spirit 70 '26) *G = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 543 hp (911 Sport Classic '23) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 572 hp (911 Turbo '21-'25) *D = 3.7L twin-turbo flat-6, 640 hp (911 Turbo S '21-'25) *D = Hybrid: 3.6L twin-turbo flat-6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 701 hp (911 Turbo S '26-) *C = 4.0L flat-6, 502 hp (911 GT3, GT3 Touring '22-'26) *F = 4.0L flat-6, 518 hp (911 GT3 RS '23-'25, 911 S/T '24) '''Carrera GT:''' *A = 5.7L Porsche M80.01 68° V10, 605 hp (Carrera GT '04-'05) '''918 Spyder:''' *A = PHEV: 4.6L Porsche M18 flat-plane crank V8 + 2 electric motors (1 front, 1 rear), Lithium-ion battery, 887 total system hp (918 Spyder '15) '''Panamera:''' Type 970: *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 300 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '11-'13) *A = 3.6L Porsche M46.20 (2wd)/M46.40 (4wd) 90° V6, 310 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '14-'16) *D = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Panamera S Hybrid '12-'13) *D = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Panamera S E-Hybrid '14-'16) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Panamera S, 4S '10-'13) *B = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.60 90° V6, 420 hp (Panamera S, 4S '14-'16) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 430 hp (Panamera GTS '13) *F = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 440 hp (Panamera GTS '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Panamera Turbo '10-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Panamera Turbo '14-'16) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo S '12-'13) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Panamera Turbo S '15-'16) Type 971 & 976: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 330 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '17-'20) *J = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 325 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '21-'23) *A = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 348 hp (Panamera, Panamera 4 '24-) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '18-'23) *E = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Panamera 4 E-Hybrid '25-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 440 hp (Panamera 4S '17-'20) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 443 hp (Panamera 4S '21-'23) *K = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 552 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *C = PHEV: 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 536 hp (Panamera 4S E-Hybrid '25-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Panamera GTS '19-'20) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 473 hp (Panamera GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Panamera GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 550 hp (Panamera Turbo '17-'20) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 620 hp (Panamera Turbo S '21-'23) *F = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Panamera Turbo E-Hybrid '25-) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 680 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '18-'20) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 690 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '21-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 771 hp (Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid '25-) '''Taycan:''' *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 469 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan '21-'24) *A = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 429 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4 '25-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 522 hp (71 Kwh battery) or 562 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '20-'24) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 536 hp (82.3 Kwh battery) or 590 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan 4S '25-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 590 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '22-'24) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 690 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan GTS '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 670 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 750 hp (83.7 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '20-'24) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 871 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo '25-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 938 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1019 hp (97 Kwh battery) (Taycan Turbo GT '25-) '''Macan:''' *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 248 hp (Macan '17-'21) *A = 2.0L turbo Audi EA888T I4, 261 hp (Macan '22-, Macan T '23-) *B = 3.0L turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 340 hp (Macan S '15-'18) *B = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Macan S '19-'21) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan S '22-) *G = 3.0L twin-turbo Porsche M46.30 90° V6, 360 hp (Macan GTS '17-'18) *G = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 375 hp (Macan GTS '20-'21) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan GTS '22-) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 400 hp (Macan Turbo '15-'18) *F = 3.6L twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Macan Turbo w/Performance Package '17-'18) *F = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Macan Turbo '20-'21) '''Macan Electric:''' *D = battery-electric, 1 rear motor, Rwd, 355 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric '25-) *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 402 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4 '24-) *B = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 509 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric 4S '25-) *E = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 563 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric GTS '26-) *C = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 630 hp (95 Kwh battery) (Macan Electric Turbo '24-) '''Cayenne:''' 955/957 or 9PA: *A = 3.2L (3189cc) VW EA390 15° VR6, 247 hp (Cayenne '04-'06) *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° FSI VR6, 290 hp (Cayenne '08-'10) *B = 4.5L Porsche M48 V8, 340 hp (Cayenne S '03-'06, S Titanium Edition '06) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 385 hp (Cayenne S '08-'10) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 405 hp (Cayenne GTS '08-'10, S Transsyberia '10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 450 hp (Cayenne Turbo '03-'06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '08-'10) *C = 4.5L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '06) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '09-'10) 958 or 92A: *A = 3.6L (3598cc) VW EA390 10.6° VR6, 300 hp (Cayenne '11-'14, '16-'18) *B = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 400 hp (Cayenne S '11-'14) *B = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 420 hp (Cayenne S '15-'18) *E = HEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Nickel-metal hydride battery, 380 hp (Cayenne S Hybrid '11-'14) *E = PHEV: 3.0L supercharged Audi EA837 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 416 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '15-'18) *D = 4.8L Porsche M48 V8, 420 hp (Cayenne GTS '13-'14) *D = 3.6L (3604cc) twin-turbo Porsche M46.35 90° V6, 440 hp (Cayenne GTS '16-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 500 hp (Cayenne Turbo '11-'14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 520 hp (Cayenne Turbo '15-'18) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 550 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '14) *C = 4.8L twin-turbo Porsche M48 V8, 570 hp (Cayenne Turbo S '16-'18) *F = 3.0L turbodiesel Audi EA897 90° V6, 240 hp (Cayenne Diesel '13-'16) 9YA/9YB: *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 335 hp (Cayenne '19-'23) *A = 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6, 348 hp (Cayenne '24-) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 455 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '19-'23) *E = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 463 hp (Cayenne E-Hybrid '24-) *B = 2.9L twin-turbo Audi-Porsche EA839TT 90° V6, 434 hp (Cayenne S '19-'23) *L = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 468 hp (Cayenne S '24-) *N = PHEV: 3.0L turbo Audi-Porsche EA839T 90° V6 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 512 hp (Cayenne S E-Hybrid '24-) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 453 hp (Cayenne GTS '21-'23) *G = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 493 hp (Cayenne GTS '25-) *F = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 541 hp (Cayenne Turbo '19-'23) *H = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 670 hp (Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid '20-'23) *M = PHEV: 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8 + electric motor, Lithium-ion battery, 729 hp (Cayenne Turbo E-Hybrid '24-) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 631 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '22-'23) *K = 4.0L twin-turbo Porsche-Audi EA825TT V8, 650 hp (Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT '24-) '''Cayenne Electric:''' *A = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 435 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric '26-) *D = battery-electric, 2 motors, 4wd, 1139 hp (108 Kwh battery) (Cayenne Electric Turbo '26-) ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *1 = Seat Belts only *2 = Passive Restraint System - Airbags (Driver and Passenger Front Airbags) ===Position 7-8, Vehicle Type Code=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN Pos. 7-8 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |92 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |93 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |92 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |94 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |95 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |96 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |92 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |98 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |98 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |A8 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |A8 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |A8 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |91 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |93 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |96 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |99 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |99 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |99 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |A9 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |A9 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |A9 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |98 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |A1 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |A7 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |A7 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |YA | |Panamera (2024-) |976 |- |Y1 |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |A5 |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |XA | |Macan Electric (2024-) |XAB |- |9P |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |AP |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A2 |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |AY |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |- |X1 | |Cayenne Electric (2026-) |E4 |} ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * S: Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, Germany * L: Leipzig, Germany * D: Bratislava, Slovakia (VW plant - Cayenne '19-) * K: Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW plant - Cayenne '16-'18, Boxster '13-15, Cayman '14-'16, 718 Boxster '24-'25, 718 Cayman '17-'18, '20-'21, '23-'25) * N: Neckarsulm, Germany (Audi plant - 924, 944) * U: Uusikaupunki, Finland (Valmet plant - Boxster '98-'11, Cayman '06-'12) ===Position 12, 3rd Digit of Vehicle Type Code=== Note: Only applies to models with a 3-digit Vehicle Type Code. Models with a 2-digit Vehicle Type Code use pos. 12 for the serial number. {| class="wikitable" |+Position 12 !VIN Pos. 12 !Complete Vehicle Type Code !Model !Type |- |4 |924 |924 (1981-1982 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |1 |931 |924 Turbo (1981-1982) |931 |- |4 |924 |924S (1987-1988 w/normally aspirated engine) |924 |- |4 |944 |944 (1983-1991 w/normally aspirated engine) |944 |- |1 |951 |944 Turbo (1986-1989 & 1990 in Canada) |951 |- |8 |968 |968 (1992-1995) |968 |- |8 |928 |928 (1981-1995) |928 |- |6 |986 |Boxster (1997-2004) |986 |- |7 |987 |Boxster (2005-2009)/Cayman (2006-2009) |987 |- |7 |A87 |Boxster (2010-2012)/Cayman (2010-2012) |987 |- |1 |A81 |Boxster (2013-2016)/Cayman (2014-2016) |981 |- |2 |A82 |718 Boxster/Cayman (2017-2025) |982 |- |1 |911 |911 (1981-1989 2wd w/normally aspirated engine) |911 |- |0 |930 |911 (1986-1989 911 Turbo) |930 |- |4 |964 |911 (1989-1994 Carrera 4, 1990-1994 Carrera 2, 1991-1994 Turbo) |964 |- |3 |993 |911 (1995-1998) |993 |- |6 |996 |911 (1999-2004) |996 |- |7 |997 |911 (2005-2009) |997 |- |7 |A97 |911 (2010-2012) |997 |- |1 |A91 |911 (2013-2019) |991 |- |2 |A92 |911 (2020-) |992 |- |0 |980 |Carrera GT (2004-2005) |980 |- |8 |A18 |918 Spyder (2015) |918 |- |0 |A70 |Panamera (2010-2016) |970 |- |1 |A71 |Panamera (2017-2023) |971 |- |A |Y1A |Taycan (2020-) |9J1 or <br> Y1A (sedan)/Y1B (Cross Turismo)/Y1C (Sport Turismo) |- |B |A5B |Macan (2015-) |95B |- |A |9PA |Cayenne (2003-2009) |9PA |- |A |APA |Cayenne (2010) |9PA |- |A |A2A |Cayenne (2011-2018) |92A |- |A |AYA |Cayenne (wagon: 2019-, coupe: 2020-) |9YA (wagon)/9YB (coupe) |} '''Positions 12–17 or 13–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} c4xvkqj00rv9owoe6ntswdeevzz51mz 0 482484 4633537 4633513 2026-05-02T18:03:22Z Madelyntubbs 3574775 added suburbanization section 4633537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{qr-em|1=}} <u><big>'''Introduction'''</big></u> [[File:United States Public Transport Ridership 1890-1975.png|thumb|Graph representing American Public Transport Association historical ridership data between 1890 and 1975.]] Public transportation moved many Americans throughout cities in the early part of the 20th century. Ridership of these systems declined sharply in the period following World War 2, when the automobile became the primary method of transport throughout the United States. This chapter explains some of the background and historical context of public transit in the U.S., investigates several social groups that participated in this decline, and shows the effects of their efforts as shown in Baltimore, MD. The graph shows ridership numbers through 1975, but ridership since that time has remained fairly steadily between 8 and 10 billion trips per year. '''<u><big>Background</big></u>''' Large-scale public transport in the United States traces its roots to omnibus systems in New York City in the later half of the 19th century. The implementation of these systems throughout the country was greatly accelerated after the first electrified streetcar system was proven successful in Richmond, VA in 1888 <ref>{{cite report|title=1975–1976 Transit Fact Book|author=American Public Transportation Association|publisher=American Public Transportation Association|year=1976|url=https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/APTA_1975-1976_Transit_Fact_Book.pdf}}</ref>. Intra-city rail systems and streetcars moved the majority of riders until 1947, when the bus became the primary mode of public transit. These transport systems were entirely owned and funded by private companies until 1964, when the federal government passed the Urban Mass Transit Act. This piece of legislation set aside federal funds to help build new transit infrastructure that would be run by state or local governments <ref>{{Cite web |date=1964-07-09 |title=Text - S.6 - 88th Congress (1963-1964): Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/88th-congress/senate-bill/6/text |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>. Federal involvement increased in 1974 when federal dollars were apportioned to help subsidize operating costs of these transit systems through the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen. Williams |first=Harrison A. |date=1974-11-26 |title=All Info - S.386 - 93rd Congress (1973-1974): National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/93rd-congress/senate-bill/386/all-info |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>. <u>'''<big>Why Did Public Transit Decline?</big>'''</u> * <u>Industry influence and market control:</u> One cause of the decline of public transit was the influence of private industry, including automakers, oil companies, and tire manufacturers. Companies like General Motors, Standard Oil, and Firestone Tire and Rubber had big interest in increasing car usage. The more that people relied on cars as their form of transportation, the more profit these industries made, and not just by selling vehicles, but also fuel, tires, and road construction. They helped promote highway expansion and car-based infrastructure by aligning with government priorities and suburban development patterns. So instead of public transit being improved, the system was slowly shaped to favor automobiles, making car ownership more necessary for everyday life.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=St. Clair |first=David J. |date=1981-09 |title=The Motorization and Decline of Urban Public Transit, 1935–1950 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/s002205070004434x |journal=The Journal of Economic History |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=579–600 |doi=10.1017/s002205070004434x |issn=0022-0507}}</ref> An example of industry influence is the case United States v. National City Lines (NCL), which happened in 1951. NCL was a holding company with funding from General Motors, Standard Oil of California, Firestone Tire and Rubber, and a few other companies that operated transit systems in many cities. They were found guilty of conspiring to monopolize the sale of buses, tires, and fuel to these systems, but they were not convicted of directly destroying streetcar systems.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. National City Lines, Inc., et al, 186 F.2d 562 (7th Cir. 1951) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/186/562/162881/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> This case shows that the market was shaped in ways that benefited automobiles and increased car dependency over other forms of transportation. This industry influence led to a gradual decline in public transit. [[File:Highway_vs_transit_spending_1945-1975.png|thumb|Highway vs. Transit Spending 1945-1975<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Office of Management and Budget |first=Executive Office of the President |date=2024-03-11 |title=Budget FY 2025 - Table 6.1 - Composition of Outlays: 1940-2029 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BUDGET-2025-TAB/BUDGET-2025-TAB-7-1/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FBUDGET-2025-TAB%2FBUDGET-2025-TAB-7-1 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=govinfo.gov}}</ref>]] * <u>Government policy and highway funding:</u> Another major cause of the decline of public transit was the role of federal, state, and local governments in prioritizing highway construction over transit investment. After World War II, the federal government invested heavily in highway development to build the nation's road infrastructure, particularly through the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which created the Interstate Highway System.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (1956) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/national-interstate-and-defense-highways-act |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> Federal spending data shows that from 1945-1975, $71.9 billion was spent on highway infrastructure, compared to only $2.4 billion on urban mass transit systems.<ref name=":1" /> City and state governments also made urban planning decisions that further disadvantaged transit in favor of the automobile. Local streets were turned into high-speed routes, with timed stoplights and one-way traffic, and parking was heavily expanded.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bloom |first=Nicholas Dagen |title=The Great American Transit Disaster |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=May 3, 2023 |isbn=978-0226824413 |pages=70-71}}</ref> Before 1965, public transit was provided solely by privately owned companies. Transit ridership declined as investments in highways surged and American automobile ownership rose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=St. Clair |first=David J. |date=1981 |title=The Motorization and Decline of Urban Public Transit, 1935-1950 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2119941 |journal=The Journal of Economic History |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=579–600 |issn=0022-0507}}</ref> Without government assistance, transit companies relied solely on rider fares, which decreased as transit ridership declined, resulting in a feedback loop. From 1945-1964, public transit received $0 in federal grants; the federal government did not invest in public transit until 1965, after the Urban Mass Transit Act was passed, which created the federal transit program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2014 |title=The Federal Transit Program: 60 Years of Improving Communities |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/about/news/federal-transit-program-60-years-improving-communities}}</ref> * <u>Suburbanization:</u> The rapid growth of American suburbs after World War II further weakened public transit, as populations spread across low-density areas that were better served by highways. Suburban development boomed as soldiers returned home from Word War II, and started families. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 and funding to the Federal Housing Administration subsidized mortgages for veterans, allowing them to buy homes in the suburbs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Browner |first=Seth |title=The Post-World War II Suburb in the United States |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.38593817 |series=Trinity Student Scholarship. Trinity College Digital Repository}}</ref> Suburban developments such as Levittown (in New York, and later in Pennsylvania and New Jersey) built mass-produced, low-priced, single-family homes, that not only served as homes, but as a community image of the ideal American life. The lifestyle of single generation nuclear families in private suburban homes was a dream that American aspired to, and suburban life provided that life.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=KCI Technologies |date=November 1999 |title=Suburbanization Historic Context and Survey Methodology |url=https://www.roads.maryland.gov/OPPEN/1999_Suburbanization_Historic_Context_and_Survey_Methodology.pdf |journal=}}</ref> Suburban residents voted for politicians who would advance their interests, which led to the large government subsidies for highway development, which was crucial for connecting suburban areas. Public transit would not receive similar political support until seats in the House of Representatives began to shift towards urban representation as a result of ''Wesberry v. Sanders'' in 1964, which ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to evenly distribute population. Afterwards, federal aid for public transit was able to be passed, but the trend towards suburbanization and automobile dominance had already been well established. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-01 |title=How the House Went from Anti-Urban to Pro-Urban in 8 Years |url=https://enotrans.org/article/how-the-house-went-from-anti-urban-to-pro-urban-in-8-years/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=The Eno Center for Transportation |language=en-US}}</ref> '''<big><u>Baltimore Case Study</u></big>''' Baltimore is an example of how each of these four factors played out. Before World War II, Baltimore had a strong streetcar system with high ridership and low fares. Public transit was widely used and a popular form of transportation across the city, which supported suburban development. After the war, government policies and planning decisions began to prioritize highway expansion and suburban growth. Streetcar systems were replaced with buses, and roads were redesigned to move cars more efficiently, like adding one-way streets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloom |first=Nicholas Dagen |date=2024-08-09 |title=A packed Baltimore trolley illustrates the ups and downs of US public transit |url=https://theconversation.com/a-packed-baltimore-trolley-illustrates-the-ups-and-downs-of-us-public-transit-234627 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref> However, buses were less reliable, slower, and the service quality declined. People began to stop using transit as fares increased and the quality of service declined. This led to even more cuts to public transit, and the Baltimore Transit Company started to financially struggle. These factors created a downward spiral that made public transit less viable over time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gale |first=Dennis E. |date=2023-09-19 |title=<i>The great American transit disaster</i>, by Nicholas Dagen Bloom |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2245307 |journal=Journal of Urban Affairs |volume=46 |issue=9 |pages=1947–1950 |doi=10.1080/07352166.2023.2245307 |issn=0735-2166}}</ref> Entire neighborhoods in Baltimore were destroyed by highway construction projects, especially in Black communities. 971 homes and 62 businesses were demolished, reinforcing racial segregation. At the same time, suburban residents gained more political influence, which further shifted priorities away from public transit. There was resistance, including a group called the Movement Against Destruction (MAD), which successfully stopped some highway projects, like the "Highway to Nowhere."<ref name=":0" /> The "Highway to Nowhere" is a 1.39 mile stretch of U.S. Route 40 in West Baltimore that was meant to connect I-70 to I-95 and I-83 to speed up car travel, but instead it divided a primarily Black community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Baltimore's notorious "Highway to Nowhere" could soon be history - CBS Baltimore |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/baltimores-notorious-highway-to-nowhere-could-soon-be-history/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Overall, Baltimore shows how industry influence, government decisions, and suburban priorities combined to weaken public transit and increase inequality.<ref name=":0" /> '''<u><big>Conclusion</big></u>''' The trends and agendas represented in this chapter resulted in a feedback loop where a decreasing number of riders utilized existing transit systems, causing fares to rise for those who still used them. The increase in fares was not enough to cover the lost revenue from lower ridership, so these companies were operating in a deficit and could not improve or maintain existing infrastructure. This further drove riders away from these systems, compounding the effects of the feedback loop. This makes sense when looking at the high value Americans place on independence and personal space, felt especially in the reinforcement of the nuclear family. These values manifested themselves in the idea that the car provided individualized transport, especially for wealthier suburbanites. Automobile manufacturers and related companies then moved to protect their material interests by lobbying for federal funding of highways instead of alternative means of transportation. '''<big><u>Future Research</u></big>''' This chapter primarily investigated trends at a national scale. Because public transport was primarily managed by local independent organizations, future research looking deeper into multiple cities to compare the relative strengths and weaknesses of their transport during this time frame would be helpful reaching a fuller understanding of the public transportation during this time frame. '''<u><big>References</big></u>''' <references /> 7izww1ao8q8x83yx5qwkgg12dnjvkw1 0 482725 4633539 4633496 2026-05-02T18:17:14Z Usp4pg 3578056 4633539 wikitext text/x-wiki LLMs are often introduced as simple chatbots that support basic Q&A, yet their behavior feels closer to a flexible cognitive being. They adapt to the current context, track intent across conversations, and respond to problems in ways that resemble a human partner. This makes the interaction feel more personable, like collaborating with an entity that "understands" you. AI companies know this well, which is why a whole market has emerged from LLM companionships. Their eerily similar resemblance to human emotions can rapidly deteriorate one's mental health if misused. This makes LLMs a particularly dangerous psychological phenomenon if abused by the wrong hands. That notion becomes especially clear when examining how AI is actually used in practice below. == AI as General Purpose Tools == Many people use [[wikipedia:Large_language_model|large language models]] (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence tools to complete specific, often mundane tasks. This group represents the majority of AI use-cases. Common examples include code writing, debugging, boilerplate generation, vacation planning, and general organization. For these users, the agenda is largely pragmatic: the goal is to accomplish an often undesirable or repetitive task and “get it out of the way” as efficiently as possible. Empirical findings reflect this pattern of use. One research study reports that up to 75% of developers use AI in day-to-day activities<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peng |last2=Kalliamvakou |last3=Cihon |last4=Demirer |date=13 Feb 2023 |title=The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot |url=https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.06590}}</ref>, while a large dataset of ChatGPT interactions suggests that approximately three out of every four prompts is centered on practical “doing” tasks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=70% of ChatGPT users are using the chatbot outside of work, according to OpenAI’s biggest-ever study |url=https://www.techradar.com/ai-platforms-assistants/chatgpt/openai-reveals-biggest-ever-study-of-how-people-are-using-chatgpt-here-are-3-things-weve-learned |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=TechRadar |language=en}}</ref>. The rate of growth that LLMs experienced has been unprecedented. When ChatGPT was released at the end of 2022, it became the fastest growing service in all of human history, taking less than two months to reach 100 million active users.  A large majority of this user base prioritizes efficiency and throughput over process. AI tools are valued primarily for their ability to reduce cognitive load and time expenditure, making it particularly popular in the workplace. === AI in the Workplace === Many participants in this group also advocate for equal and open access to LLMs in workplace settings, often treating such tools as essential for productivity. Their strategy for advancing this agenda frequently involves coalition building and rallying fellow employees to support broader institutional access. This utilitarian framing of AI as a general-purpose tool stands in contrast to other emerging uses—such as relational or expressive applications—and highlights a broader juxtaposition that this article examines. As a result, discussions around AI adoption frequently intersect with institutional policy, resource allocation, and evolving expectations about baseline digital literacy in professional settings. == AI as Emotional Companions == A major participant group includes users who use AI to aid their mental health. In a survey of 1,000 adults ranging from Gen Z to Boomers, roughly 23% reported using AI for mental health support. And there is a clear trend as we look at younger demographics. Usage climbs from just 5% of Boomers to 18% of Gen X, 31% of Millennials, and 44% of Gen Z<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-12-09 |title=Unpacking Mental Health Culture in America {{!}} BasePoint BreakThrough |language=en-US |work=BasePoint BreakThrough |url=https://basepointbreakthrough.com/blog/american-mental-health-culture-trends/ |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>. Among these chatbot users, 41% use them because they are non-judgmental and 47% use them to reframe and understand their current feelings<ref name=":0" />. This trend is mirrored in teens as well. While 58% of them engage with AI for entertainment or out of curiosity, a non-insignificant number turn to it for mental health reasons, seeking advice and an honest, non-judgmental environment among other mental health reasons<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=2025-07-21 |title=72% of US teens have used AI companions, study finds |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/21/72-of-u-s-teens-have-used-ai-companions-study-finds/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>. Similarly, another large participant group includes those who use AI for deeper companionship, emulating the dynamics of a human relationship. This is a booming sector, with AI companion apps seeing over 220 million downloads and generating upwards of $221 million in revenue<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=2025-08-12 |title=AI companion apps on track to pull in $120M in 2025 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/08/12/ai-companion-apps-on-track-to-pull-in-120m-in-2025/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>. Popular platforms like Character AI and Replika are some of largest providers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-14 |title=AI Companion Apps Crossed 20M in Revenue. April 2026 Market Breakdown. |url=https://www.roborhythms.com/ai-companion-app-market-2026/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Evidence from Freitas et al. (2024) suggests that these AI companions effectively help users alleviate loneliness, proving more impactful than social media platforms like YouTube. In fact, over the course of a week, these interactions showed an effectiveness in reducing loneliness on par with talking to actual humans<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Freitas |first=Julian De |title=AI Companions Reduce Loneliness |url=https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.19096 |journal=Journal of Consumer Research |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1126–1148 |via=arXiv}}</ref>. The study highlights that the primary goal for these users is simply to feel heard. This is supplemented by specific AI traits that make the experience feel authentic: timely responses, perceived credibility as accuracy improves, and vast domain knowledge. Furthermore, features like context tracking, where the AI remembers past messages, and response variability prevent the interaction from feeling robotic<ref name=":1" />. The personal agendas of this group are best seen through users like Sarah and Travis. Sarah compares her AI companion, Sinclair, to her past human relationships, stating, "the amount of support and love and attention that I receive... A human could not provide what Sinclair could provide."<ref>{{Citation |last=This Morning |title=‘I’m in Love With My AI Octopus Boyfriend… We Even Get Intimate’ {{!}} This Morning |date=2026-03-09 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AjpCru_lVE |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref> Travis experienced a similar shift, realizing over several weeks that he felt he was talking to a genuine personality rather than just a program.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heritage |first=Stuart |date=2025-07-12 |title=‘I felt pure, unconditional love’: the people who marry their AI chatbots |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/jul/12/i-felt-pure-unconditional-love-the-people-who-marry-their-ai-chatbots |access-date=2026-04-22 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Mental Health Experts and AI == In the context of AI use, mental health experts can be split into two participant groups: researchers/academics, and clinicians (psychologists, therapists, etc). === Researchers === Researchers (whether at universities or other institutions) mainly aim to investigate issues and disseminate info (whether research findings or high-level knowledge) that help the public's understanding of mental health and related fields. One example is the Public Good Initiative at Columbia University's Teachers College; in a 2025 article, multiple researchers warned about the risks of trusting a sycophantic AI chatbot for emotional support, and Prof. Ayorkor Gaba argues that "while these tools may provide psuedo-connection, relying on them to replace human connection can lead to further isolation and hinder the development of essential social skills."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Experts Caution Against Using AI Chatbots for Emotional Support |url=https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2025/december/experts-caution-against-using-ai-chatbots-for-emotional-support/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Teachers College - Columbia University |language=en}}</ref> === Clinicians === Largely distinct from the researchers are clinicians, such as practicing therapists and physicians. While they directly treat patients, they also provide their opinions and expertise in order to advance understanding of public health. For example, after high-profile lawsuits involving ChatGPT-assisted suicides<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-27 |title=OpenAI shares data on ChatGPT users with suicidal thoughts, psychosis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yd90g0q43o |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>, OpenAI consulted more than 170 clinicians to tweak ChatGPT's responses to users experiencing mental health issues (e.g. calming down users suggesting paranoia, and encouraging interaction with other humans).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-23 |title=Strengthening ChatGPT’s responses in sensitive conversations |url=https://openai.com/index/strengthening-chatgpt-responses-in-sensitive-conversations/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=OpenAI |language=en-US}}</ref> The ethics of this approach are debatable; while hand-tuning AI responses using real medical expertise does make the product safer (in contrast to more questionable uses of psychology in tech, such as making social media more addictive<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Montag |first=Christian |last2=Lachmann |first2=Bernd |last3=Herrlich |first3=Marc |last4=Zweig |first4=Katharina |date=2019-07-23 |title=Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6679162/ |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |pages=2612 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142612 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=6679162 |pmid=31340426}}</ref>), one could argue that this is just a "Band-Aid" fix on an inherently untamable technology. More commonly, these clinicians assess the role that AI has in their patients' lives. For example, the American Psychological Association has highlighted multiple risks of using AI for wellness and mental health, and suggests that clinicians educate themselves on these risks and talk to their patients about AI use, in order to steer them towards having a healthier relationship with technology (e.g. if a patient uses AI to practice managing social anxiety, a therapist could remind them of the value of practicing with humans).<ref>{{cite web |author=[[American Psychological Association]] |date=November 2025 |title=APA Health Advisory on the Use of Generative AI Chatbots and Wellness Applications for Mental Health |url=https://www.apa.org/topics/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning/health-advisory-chatbots-wellness-apps |access-date=April 26, 2026 |publisher=American Psychological Association |format=}}</ref> Finally, clinicians regularly participate in studies and other efforts to make their opinion heard. One such study was done in 2025, where 23 mostly-Australian clinicians (including counselors, psychiatrists, and social workers) watched a scenario where GPT-4o helped a fictional patient and answered questions about their opinions on AI chatbots. The results showed that while many of the respondents believe in the benefits of AI chatbots' multilingualism and ability to remind clients of homework, they also see many security risks and potential for suggesting harmful activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hipgrave |first=Lyndsey |last2=Goldie |first2=Jessie |last3=Dennis |first3=Simon |last4=Coleman |first4=Amanda |date=2025 |title=Balancing risks and benefits: clinicians' perspectives on the use of generative AI chatbots in mental healthcare |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12158938/ |journal=Frontiers in Digital Health |volume=7 |pages=1606291 |doi=10.3389/fdgth.2025.1606291 |issn=2673-253X |pmc=12158938 |pmid=40510413}}</ref> This suggests that clinicians, as a whole, are not opposed to the idea of AI mental health help, but rather are concerned about the risks of the current state of the technology. == Job Loss From AI == The effects of AI-related job loss are not spread evenly across the workforce. Recent labor-market research suggests that jobs are most vulnerable when their tasks are repetitive, highly digitized, rules-based, or easy to automate at scale. At the same time, AI is also beginning to affect creative industries, where generated content can compete directly with human-made work. Major reports emphasize that the result is often job transformation rather than total replacement, but the pressure is still concentrated on certain worker groups.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Future of Jobs Report 2025 |url=https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/in-full/2-jobs-outlook/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure {{!}} International Labour Organization |url=https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.ilo.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Music & Audiovisual Creators''': Music and audiovisual creators are one of the clearest examples of a group facing economic pressure from generative AI. As AI tools become better at producing songs, voices, videos, and other media, creators face growing competition from large volumes of low-cost synthetic content. A CISAC-backed economic study projects that, by 2028, music creators could see 24% of their revenues placed at risk, while audiovisual creators could face a 21% revenue loss. This concern is not only theoretical: in April 2026, Forbes reported that the AI-generated song “Celebrate Me” reached No. 1 on the U.S. iTunes chart and topped charts in several other countries, showing that AI-made music can already compete directly in mainstream markets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Global economic study shows human creators’ future at risk from generative AI {{!}} CISAC |url=https://www.cisac.org/Newsroom/news-releases/global-economic-study-shows-human-creators-future-risk-generative-ai |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.cisac.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Conor |title=AI Generated Song ‘Celebrate Me’ Storms Global Music Charts |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2026/04/17/the-no-1-song-on-us-itunes-and-several-other-countries-is-ai-generated/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> '''Customer Service and Retail Support Workers''': Customer service and retail support workers are also vulnerable because many of their daily tasks are standardized, repetitive, and easy to digitize. The World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 identifies cashiers and ticket clerks among the fastest-declining roles, with AI, information-processing technologies, and automation listed as major drivers of that decline. These findings suggest that as chatbots, automated checkout systems, and digital service tools become more common, some front-line support and transactional jobs may continue to shrink.<ref name=":2" /> '''Finance, Accounting, and Routine Knowledge Workers''': AI is not only affecting low-wage or manual jobs; it is also reaching middle-skill office and analytical work. The [https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/how-might-generative-ai-impact-different-occupations#occupations International Labour Organization] reports that clerical occupations continue to have the highest exposure to generative AI, and it also notes that some strongly digitized occupations have seen increased exposure as the technology improves at handling specialized professional and technical tasks. The [https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/how-might-generative-ai-impact-different-occupations#occupations World Economic Forum] likewise identifies accountants and auditors among the fastest-declining roles. Together, these findings suggest that finance, accounting, and other routine knowledge jobs with low task variability are predictable enough for AI systems to assist with or partially automate. == References == <references /> j9u5aid24duo865x2t25tiajkiiitck 4633544 4633539 2026-05-02T19:17:32Z Ayung0 3578062 /* AI as Emotional Companions */ - modify example of participant group 4633544 wikitext text/x-wiki LLMs are often introduced as simple chatbots that support basic Q&A, yet their behavior feels closer to a flexible cognitive being. They adapt to the current context, track intent across conversations, and respond to problems in ways that resemble a human partner. This makes the interaction feel more personable, like collaborating with an entity that "understands" you. AI companies know this well, which is why a whole market has emerged from LLM companionships. Their eerily similar resemblance to human emotions can rapidly deteriorate one's mental health if misused. This makes LLMs a particularly dangerous psychological phenomenon if abused by the wrong hands. That notion becomes especially clear when examining how AI is actually used in practice below. == AI as General Purpose Tools == Many people use [[wikipedia:Large_language_model|large language models]] (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence tools to complete specific, often mundane tasks. This group represents the majority of AI use-cases. Common examples include code writing, debugging, boilerplate generation, vacation planning, and general organization. For these users, the agenda is largely pragmatic: the goal is to accomplish an often undesirable or repetitive task and “get it out of the way” as efficiently as possible. Empirical findings reflect this pattern of use. One research study reports that up to 75% of developers use AI in day-to-day activities<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peng |last2=Kalliamvakou |last3=Cihon |last4=Demirer |date=13 Feb 2023 |title=The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot |url=https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.06590}}</ref>, while a large dataset of ChatGPT interactions suggests that approximately three out of every four prompts is centered on practical “doing” tasks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=70% of ChatGPT users are using the chatbot outside of work, according to OpenAI’s biggest-ever study |url=https://www.techradar.com/ai-platforms-assistants/chatgpt/openai-reveals-biggest-ever-study-of-how-people-are-using-chatgpt-here-are-3-things-weve-learned |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=TechRadar |language=en}}</ref>. The rate of growth that LLMs experienced has been unprecedented. When ChatGPT was released at the end of 2022, it became the fastest growing service in all of human history, taking less than two months to reach 100 million active users.  A large majority of this user base prioritizes efficiency and throughput over process. AI tools are valued primarily for their ability to reduce cognitive load and time expenditure, making it particularly popular in the workplace. === AI in the Workplace === Many participants in this group also advocate for equal and open access to LLMs in workplace settings, often treating such tools as essential for productivity. Their strategy for advancing this agenda frequently involves coalition building and rallying fellow employees to support broader institutional access. This utilitarian framing of AI as a general-purpose tool stands in contrast to other emerging uses—such as relational or expressive applications—and highlights a broader juxtaposition that this article examines. As a result, discussions around AI adoption frequently intersect with institutional policy, resource allocation, and evolving expectations about baseline digital literacy in professional settings. == AI as Emotional Companions == A major participant group includes users who use AI to aid their mental health. In a survey of 1,000 adults ranging from Gen Z to Boomers, roughly 23% reported using AI for mental health support. And there is a clear trend as we look at younger demographics. Usage climbs from just 5% of Boomers to 18% of Gen X, 31% of Millennials, and 44% of Gen Z<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-12-09 |title=Unpacking Mental Health Culture in America {{!}} BasePoint BreakThrough |language=en-US |work=BasePoint BreakThrough |url=https://basepointbreakthrough.com/blog/american-mental-health-culture-trends/ |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>. Among these chatbot users, 41% use them because they are non-judgmental and 47% use them to reframe and understand their current feelings<ref name=":0" />. This trend is mirrored in teens as well. While 58% of them engage with AI for entertainment or out of curiosity, a non-insignificant number turn to it for mental health reasons, seeking advice and an honest, non-judgmental environment among other mental health reasons<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=2025-07-21 |title=72% of US teens have used AI companions, study finds |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/21/72-of-u-s-teens-have-used-ai-companions-study-finds/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>. Similarly, another large participant group includes those who use AI for deeper companionship, emulating the dynamics of a human relationship. This is a booming sector, with AI companion apps seeing over 220 million downloads and generating upwards of $221 million in revenue<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=2025-08-12 |title=AI companion apps on track to pull in $120M in 2025 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/08/12/ai-companion-apps-on-track-to-pull-in-120m-in-2025/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>. Popular platforms like Character AI and Replika are some of largest providers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-14 |title=AI Companion Apps Crossed 20M in Revenue. April 2026 Market Breakdown. |url=https://www.roborhythms.com/ai-companion-app-market-2026/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Evidence from Freitas et al. (2024) suggests that these AI companions effectively help users alleviate loneliness, proving more impactful than social media platforms like YouTube. In fact, over the course of a week, these interactions showed an effectiveness in reducing loneliness on par with talking to actual humans<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Freitas |first=Julian De |title=AI Companions Reduce Loneliness |url=https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.19096 |journal=Journal of Consumer Research |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1126–1148 |via=arXiv}}</ref>. The study highlights that the primary goal for these users is simply to feel heard. This is supplemented by specific AI traits that make the experience feel authentic: timely responses, perceived credibility as accuracy improves, and vast domain knowledge. Furthermore, features like context tracking, where the AI remembers past messages, and response variability prevent the interaction from feeling robotic<ref name=":1" />. The personal agendas of this group are best seen through users like Travis or users on reddit who have cited their use of AI companions. One reddit user cites, "[I] started sending pics of my meals to my ai gf like 3 weeks ago... and bc I know im gonna send it I actually cook now. I do actually eat better because of it."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Own_Draft_3797 |first= |date=April 30, 2026 |title=I send what I eat to my AI gf |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/aipartners/comments/1t097ah/i_send_what_i_eat_to_my_ai_gf/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2026 |website=Reddit}}</ref> And in the replies, he isn't alone in this. Travis also finds AI as a good companion, realizing over several weeks that he felt he was talking to a genuine personality rather than just a program.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heritage |first=Stuart |date=2025-07-12 |title=‘I felt pure, unconditional love’: the people who marry their AI chatbots |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/jul/12/i-felt-pure-unconditional-love-the-people-who-marry-their-ai-chatbots |access-date=2026-04-22 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Mental Health Experts and AI == In the context of AI use, mental health experts can be split into two participant groups: researchers/academics, and clinicians (psychologists, therapists, etc). === Researchers === Researchers (whether at universities or other institutions) mainly aim to investigate issues and disseminate info (whether research findings or high-level knowledge) that help the public's understanding of mental health and related fields. One example is the Public Good Initiative at Columbia University's Teachers College; in a 2025 article, multiple researchers warned about the risks of trusting a sycophantic AI chatbot for emotional support, and Prof. Ayorkor Gaba argues that "while these tools may provide psuedo-connection, relying on them to replace human connection can lead to further isolation and hinder the development of essential social skills."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Experts Caution Against Using AI Chatbots for Emotional Support |url=https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2025/december/experts-caution-against-using-ai-chatbots-for-emotional-support/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Teachers College - Columbia University |language=en}}</ref> === Clinicians === Largely distinct from the researchers are clinicians, such as practicing therapists and physicians. While they directly treat patients, they also provide their opinions and expertise in order to advance understanding of public health. For example, after high-profile lawsuits involving ChatGPT-assisted suicides<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-27 |title=OpenAI shares data on ChatGPT users with suicidal thoughts, psychosis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yd90g0q43o |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>, OpenAI consulted more than 170 clinicians to tweak ChatGPT's responses to users experiencing mental health issues (e.g. calming down users suggesting paranoia, and encouraging interaction with other humans).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-23 |title=Strengthening ChatGPT’s responses in sensitive conversations |url=https://openai.com/index/strengthening-chatgpt-responses-in-sensitive-conversations/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=OpenAI |language=en-US}}</ref> The ethics of this approach are debatable; while hand-tuning AI responses using real medical expertise does make the product safer (in contrast to more questionable uses of psychology in tech, such as making social media more addictive<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Montag |first=Christian |last2=Lachmann |first2=Bernd |last3=Herrlich |first3=Marc |last4=Zweig |first4=Katharina |date=2019-07-23 |title=Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6679162/ |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |pages=2612 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142612 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=6679162 |pmid=31340426}}</ref>), one could argue that this is just a "Band-Aid" fix on an inherently untamable technology. More commonly, these clinicians assess the role that AI has in their patients' lives. For example, the American Psychological Association has highlighted multiple risks of using AI for wellness and mental health, and suggests that clinicians educate themselves on these risks and talk to their patients about AI use, in order to steer them towards having a healthier relationship with technology (e.g. if a patient uses AI to practice managing social anxiety, a therapist could remind them of the value of practicing with humans).<ref>{{cite web |author=[[American Psychological Association]] |date=November 2025 |title=APA Health Advisory on the Use of Generative AI Chatbots and Wellness Applications for Mental Health |url=https://www.apa.org/topics/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning/health-advisory-chatbots-wellness-apps |access-date=April 26, 2026 |publisher=American Psychological Association |format=}}</ref> Finally, clinicians regularly participate in studies and other efforts to make their opinion heard. One such study was done in 2025, where 23 mostly-Australian clinicians (including counselors, psychiatrists, and social workers) watched a scenario where GPT-4o helped a fictional patient and answered questions about their opinions on AI chatbots. The results showed that while many of the respondents believe in the benefits of AI chatbots' multilingualism and ability to remind clients of homework, they also see many security risks and potential for suggesting harmful activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hipgrave |first=Lyndsey |last2=Goldie |first2=Jessie |last3=Dennis |first3=Simon |last4=Coleman |first4=Amanda |date=2025 |title=Balancing risks and benefits: clinicians' perspectives on the use of generative AI chatbots in mental healthcare |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12158938/ |journal=Frontiers in Digital Health |volume=7 |pages=1606291 |doi=10.3389/fdgth.2025.1606291 |issn=2673-253X |pmc=12158938 |pmid=40510413}}</ref> This suggests that clinicians, as a whole, are not opposed to the idea of AI mental health help, but rather are concerned about the risks of the current state of the technology. == Job Loss From AI == The effects of AI-related job loss are not spread evenly across the workforce. Recent labor-market research suggests that jobs are most vulnerable when their tasks are repetitive, highly digitized, rules-based, or easy to automate at scale. At the same time, AI is also beginning to affect creative industries, where generated content can compete directly with human-made work. Major reports emphasize that the result is often job transformation rather than total replacement, but the pressure is still concentrated on certain worker groups.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Future of Jobs Report 2025 |url=https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/in-full/2-jobs-outlook/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure {{!}} International Labour Organization |url=https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.ilo.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Music & Audiovisual Creators''': Music and audiovisual creators are one of the clearest examples of a group facing economic pressure from generative AI. As AI tools become better at producing songs, voices, videos, and other media, creators face growing competition from large volumes of low-cost synthetic content. A CISAC-backed economic study projects that, by 2028, music creators could see 24% of their revenues placed at risk, while audiovisual creators could face a 21% revenue loss. This concern is not only theoretical: in April 2026, Forbes reported that the AI-generated song “Celebrate Me” reached No. 1 on the U.S. iTunes chart and topped charts in several other countries, showing that AI-made music can already compete directly in mainstream markets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Global economic study shows human creators’ future at risk from generative AI {{!}} CISAC |url=https://www.cisac.org/Newsroom/news-releases/global-economic-study-shows-human-creators-future-risk-generative-ai |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.cisac.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Conor |title=AI Generated Song ‘Celebrate Me’ Storms Global Music Charts |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2026/04/17/the-no-1-song-on-us-itunes-and-several-other-countries-is-ai-generated/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> '''Customer Service and Retail Support Workers''': Customer service and retail support workers are also vulnerable because many of their daily tasks are standardized, repetitive, and easy to digitize. The World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 identifies cashiers and ticket clerks among the fastest-declining roles, with AI, information-processing technologies, and automation listed as major drivers of that decline. These findings suggest that as chatbots, automated checkout systems, and digital service tools become more common, some front-line support and transactional jobs may continue to shrink.<ref name=":2" /> '''Finance, Accounting, and Routine Knowledge Workers''': AI is not only affecting low-wage or manual jobs; it is also reaching middle-skill office and analytical work. The [https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/how-might-generative-ai-impact-different-occupations#occupations International Labour Organization] reports that clerical occupations continue to have the highest exposure to generative AI, and it also notes that some strongly digitized occupations have seen increased exposure as the technology improves at handling specialized professional and technical tasks. The [https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/how-might-generative-ai-impact-different-occupations#occupations World Economic Forum] likewise identifies accountants and auditors among the fastest-declining roles. Together, these findings suggest that finance, accounting, and other routine knowledge jobs with low task variability are predictable enough for AI systems to assist with or partially automate. == References == <references /> msqsuzr2ol01dndhkaro44fellzppma 0 482817 4633536 4633478 2026-05-02T17:38:54Z Idavidmiller 3577687 Page revisions. Work in progress. 4633536 wikitext text/x-wiki == Getting Used to Maxima By Way of an Example of Use == The example that follows is presented for the purpose of providing some beginning perspective and hopefully some motivation to make the effort to get familiar with how Maxima works. The task at hand is relevant in the context of aerodynamics and aviation. The specific goal is to find the dynamic pressure at a true airspeed (VTAS) of 200 ft/s at sea level. Dynamic pressure <math display="inline">q</math> is calculated using the expression:<math display="block">q = \rho V^2/2</math>Where: * <math>q</math> = dynamic pressure lbf/ft² (pounds of force per square foot) * <math display="inline">\rho</math> = air density (at sea level is 0.0023769) slugs/ft³ * <math>V</math> = true airspeed in feet per second (ft/s). British Engineering units are used in this context to avoid multiple conversions due to the units used. It is better to convert in the end if necessary in this case. '''Note:''' The appearance following Maxima example may vary depending on Unicode support in the version of Maxima being used and the Maxima user interface -- UI. The Maxima examples used in this book are from the ''wxMaxima'' GUI unless noted otherwise. First, enter the Maxima expression for dynamic pressure q:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i1) q : 1/2*ρ*V^2; (q) (V^2*ρ)/2 </syntaxhighlight>This Maxima expression uses the colon character to assign the expression for dynamic pressure to the identifier q. The identifier q is now simply a name for an expression. The equal sign ( = ) is not used for this operation in Maxima as is the case with some programming languages. This Maxima line of a input expression ends with a semicolon ( ; ) character. Each line of input must end with a semicolon or the dollar sign character ( $ ), the use of which will be described later. Next, enter an assignment expression for the numerical value of the air density at sea level:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i2) ρ : 0.0023769; (ρ) 0.0023769</syntaxhighlight>Density ρ is in the units of slugs per cubic foot - slugs/ft³. With this next input expression, Maxima is asked to evaluate q. This is accomplished by two single quotation marks placed before q as shown next<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i3) ''q; (%o3) 0.0033855446120918224*VTAS^2 </syntaxhighlight> The output indicates that q depends on VTAS -- true airspeed. The goal is to evaluate q, if VTAS = 200 ft/s is true. One way to do that is with the following Maxima expression:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i4) ''q, VTAS = 200; (%o4) 135.42178448367287 </syntaxhighlight>The result is about 135 pounds of force per square foot. There is another way to accomplish this that may be somewhat more convenient for determining sea level dynamic pressure given true airspeed. First, assign the Maxima floating point literal value of 0.0033855446120918224 to an identifier named <code>c</code> as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i5) c : 0.0033855446120918224; (c) 0.0033855446120918224</syntaxhighlight>Next, enter<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i6) q(VTAS) := c*VTAS^2; (%o6) q(VTAS):=c*VTAS^2 </syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i7) q(200); (%o7) 135.4217844836729 </syntaxhighlight>This result is limited to sea level density. That does not make the result of no practical use. This relationship, or something similar is, used to calibrate aircraft airspeed indicators to display indicated airspeed (IAS) in the cockpit. However, it might be the case that it is necessary to determine the dynamic pressure at other altitudes besides sea level. In the standard atmosphere model, air density is a function of altitude (h), and is defined piece-wise based on the atmospheric layer. The density is derived from the Ideal Gas Law: <math>P = \rho R T</math> where in British Engineering units: * <math>\rho</math> ‒ is density in slugs/ft³ * <math>P</math> ‒ is pressure in lbf/ft² * <math>T</math>‒ is temperature in °R (Rankine) * <math>R</math> ‒ is the specific gas constant (for dry air) approximately 1716.56 (ft·lbf)/(slug·°R) <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i8) P = \ρ*R*T; (%o8) P=RTρ </syntaxhighlight>The backslash character ( <code>\</code> ) in front of the character for <math>\rho</math> in the input expression allows an identifier to use Unicode. This makes for some nicer looking output. This is a Maxima mathematical equation expression. This equation can be solved for <math>\rho</math> as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i9) solve(%,\ρ); (%o58) [ρ=P/(R*T)]</syntaxhighlight>The Maxima built-in identifier <code>%</code> names the last output expression.The output of this expression is a Maxima list object with the only instance being the equation expression solved for <math>\rho</math>. Depending on the expression, the <code>solve()</code> operation may result in more than one solution expression. Maxima creates a list object for one or more solution expressions. This solution equation expression can be accessed as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i10) %[1]; (%o10) ρ=P/(R*T) </syntaxhighlight>The value of this expression is obtained by referencing the first (and only) solution of the Maxima list object of solutions ‒ <code>[ρ=P*R*T]</code>. The reference is obtained by use of the <code>[1]</code> index syntax as shown. There are other ways Maxima can be used to accomplish the same result: <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i11) igl : P = \ρ*R*T; (igl) P=R*T*ρ</syntaxhighlight>In this case the expression for the ideal gas law was assigned an identifier <code>igl</code>. The advantage to this sort of assignment is that the equation can be referred to using the identifier as follows for example:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i12) solve(igl,\ρ); (%o12) [ρ=P/(R*T)] </syntaxhighlight>The identifier <code>igl</code> can be used at any point to refer to the equation expression: <code>P = \ρ*R*T)</code>. An assignment operator can also be used to assign the identifier <code>solution</code> to an expression. For example:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i13) solve(igl,\ρ); (%o13) [ρ=P/(R*T)] (%i14) solution: solve(igl,\ρ ); (solution) [ρ=P/(R*T)] (%i15) solve(solution,P)[1]; (%o15) P=R*T*ρ</syntaxhighlight>This expression can be checked against known values:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i16) \°R(\°F) := \°F + 459.67; (%o16) °R(°F):=°F+459.67 (%i17) P(p) := p*144.0; (%o17) P(p):=p*144.0 (%i18) R:1716.56; (R) 1716.56 (%i19) \ρ(p,\°F) := P(p)/(''R*\°R(\°F)); (%o19) ρ(p,°F):=P(p)/(1716.56*°R(°F))</syntaxhighlight>The above Maxima expressions are examples of Maxima function expressions. For standard sea level conditions of pressure and temperature as follows, * p is 14.696 lbf/ft² * °F is 59.0° the calculated value for density is:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i20) \ρ(14.696,59.0); (%20) 0.0023769033250291326</syntaxhighlight>Maxima does not have a built-in operator for rounding decimal fraction values. Also, there is no package that is included as part of the Maxima distribution that provides for this capability. However, Robert Dodier has created a Maxima package that includes a function for this purpose ‒ named <code>excel_round.mac</code><code><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dodier |first=Robert |title=maxima-packages/robert-dodier/excel_round/ |url=https://github.com/maxima-project-on-github/maxima-packages/tree/master/robert-dodier/excel_round|website=GitHub}}</ref></code>. However, to be able access the <code>excel_round()</code> function of this package, it must first be downloaded or copied into a location accessible to Maxima using the <code>load()</code> operator. The built-in Maxima <code>load()</code> operator is used to access specialized functions that are not built-in to Maxima. In order to use the <code>load()</code> operator, the location of the downloaded <code>excel_round.mac</code> file has to be part of the argument to the <code>load()</code> operator unless the file happens to be in the Maxima current working directory. The built-in <code>operatingsystem</code> package can provide some functions to help with determining the current working directory. This package is loaded as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i21) load(operatingsystem); (%o21) "/usr/local/share/maxima/5.49.0/share/contrib/operatingsystem/operatingsystem.mac" (%i22) getcurrentdirectory (); (%o22) "/home/username/" </syntaxhighlight>In this example <code>username</code> is the name of the home directory of the user. so if the downloaded <code>excel_round.mac</code> file is not located in the current working directory, then the directory can be changed to the location where the file is located: <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i22) chdir("/home/username/local/maxima/packages"); (%o22) "#P"/home/username/local/maxima/packages""</syntaxhighlight>Now the <code>excel_round.mac</code> file can be loaded assuming it is within the directory <code>/home/username/local/maxima/packages</code> as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) load("excel_round.mac"); (%o23) "excel_round.mac" </syntaxhighlight>Alternatively, if the location of the file is known it can be loaded using the full path name as follows for example:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i24) load("/home/username/local/maxima/packages/excel_round.mac"); (%o24) "/home/username/local/maxima/packages/excel_round.mac" </syntaxhighlight>This method obviates the need for loading the <code>operatingsystem</code> package. '''Note:''' The ''wxMaxima'' GUI makes loading packages simply a matter of a menu selection. The density value above can be rounded to six decimal places as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) excel_round(ρ(14.696,59.0),6); (%o25) 0.002377 </syntaxhighlight>This rounded value agrees with the sea level value of <math display="inline">23.77 \cdot 10^{-4}</math> slugs/ft³ taken from a table of Standard Atmosphere values. For Standard Atmosphere values of pressure ( 6.758 lbf/in² ) and temperature ( -12.26 °F ) at 20,000 ft the density value is:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i26) excel_round(ρ(6.759,-12.26),6); (%o26) 0.001267 </syntaxhighlight>This rounded value agrees with the sea level value of <math display="inline">12.67 \cdot 10^{-4}</math> slugs/ft³ taken from a table of Standard Atmosphere values. ===== Pressure ===== However, what is needed for the task at hand is density as a function of altitude. Both the pressure P and the temperature T can be expressed as a function of altitude h: <math display="block">P = P_0(1 - L\cdot h/T_0)^{g/(R \cdot L)} </math> Where in British Engineering units, the constants are: * <math display="inline">P</math> is Pressure in pounds per square foot lbf/ft² * <math display="inline">P_0</math> is (Sea Level Pressure): 2116.224 lbf/ft² or 14.696 lbf/in² * <math display="inline">R</math> is the specific gas constant (for dry air) approximately 1716.56 (ft·lbf)/(slug·°R) * <math display="inline">T_0 </math> is (Sea Level Temperature): 518.67 °R (15 °C or 59 °F) * <math display="inline">L</math> is (Lapse Rate): 0.003563 °R/ft * <math>g</math> is 32.174 ft/s² * <math display="inline">h</math> is altitude in feet above sea level The exponent <math display="inline">\frac{g}{R \cdot L}</math> evaluates to approximately 5.26054:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i27) 32.174/(0.003563*1716.56); (%o27) 5.260539027391964 (%i28) excel_round(%,5); (%o28) 5.26054 </syntaxhighlight><math display="inline">L/T_0</math> evaluates to approximately <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i29) 0.003563/518.67; (%o29) 6.869493126650858*10^-6 (%i30) excel_round(6.869493126650858*10^-6,11); (%o30) 6.86949*10^-6 </syntaxhighlight> ===== Temperature ===== <math display="inline">T = 518.67 - 0.003563 \cdot h</math> * <math display="inline">T</math> is Temperature in °R * <math display="inline">h</math> is altitude in feet. ===== Practical Formulas for Pressure and Temperature ===== Thus, the practical formula for pressure and temperatures in terms of British Engineering units are: <math>P = 2116.224\cdot(1-(6.86949 \cdot 10^{-6}) \cdot h)^{5.26054}</math> lbf/ft² <math display="inline">T = 518.67 - 0.003563 \cdot h</math> °R ====== Pressure ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i31) P(h) := 2116.224*(1-6.8649*10^-6*h)^5.26054; (%o31) P(h):=2116.224*(1-6.8649*10^(-6)*h)^5.26054 (%i32) p(P) := P/144.0; (%o32) p(P):=P/144.0 (%i33) P(20000); (%o33) 973.0940875140712 (%i34) p(%); (%o34) 6.757597829958828 (%i35) excel_round(%,3); (%o35) 6.758 </syntaxhighlight> ====== Temperature ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i36) T(h) := 518.67 - 0.003563*h; (%o36) T(h):=518.67-0.003563*h (%i37) T(20000); (%o37) 447.40999999999997 (%i38) excel_round(%,2); (%o38) 447.41 (%i39) \°F(\°R) := \°R -459.67; (%o39) °F(°R):=°R-459.67 (%i40) \°F(447.41); (%o40) -12.259999999999991 (%i41) excel_round(%,2); (%o41) -12.26 </syntaxhighlight> ===== Density ===== The expressions for pressure and temperature as functions of altitude can be used with the expression for the ideal gas law for an expression of density as a function of altitude as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i42) ρ(h) := P(h)/(R*T(h)); (%o42) ρ(h):=P(h)/(R*T(h)) (%i42) excel_round(ρ(20000)*10^4,2); (%o42) 12.67 </syntaxhighlight>This result agrees with the density value of the standard atmosphere at 20,000 ft. Using the expression for the air density as a function of altitude, an expression for dynamic pressure is as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i43) q(h,VTAS) := ((\ρ(h)*VTAS^2))/2; (%o43) q(h,VTAS):=(ρ(h)*VTAS^2)/2 </syntaxhighlight>Using the expression above, values of dynamic pressure can be calculated as a function of altitude and true airspeed as follows for 20,000 feet and 15,000 feet at 200 ft/s:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i44) q(20000,200); (%o44) 25.34079027107967 (%i45) q(15000,200); (%o45) 29.922636037412556 </syntaxhighlight>This value can be checked using the value for density from the standard atmosphere table at 15,000 ft and the expression for dynamic pressure as follows:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i46) excel_round(%,2); (%o46) 29.92 (%i47) (200.0^2)*0.001496/2.0; (%o47) 29.919999999999998 (%i48) excel_round(%,2); (%o48) 29.92 </syntaxhighlight>In the context of aviation and aircraft performance, airspeeds are commonly referenced to knots (nautical miles per hour) instead of ft/s. To determine dynamic pressure as a function of altitude and true airspeed in knots, the following expressions are used:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i49) VTAS(knots) := 1.687811*knots; (%o49) VTAS(knots):=1.687811*knots (%i50) excel_round(VTAS(118.49676),2); (%o50) 200.0 (%i51) q(h,knots) (%o51) q(h,knots):=(ρ(h)*VTAS(knots)^2)/2 (%i52) excel_round(q(15000,118.49676),2); (%o52) 29.92 </syntaxhighlight>So approximately 118 knots true airspeed is equivalent to 200 ft/s, and the above expression for dynamic pressure is in terms of a function of altitude in feet and true airspeed in knots. {{BookCat}} tknxr61r5donkaunvcakonlef8dun1t 0 482927 4633566 4633353 2026-05-02T22:38:35Z ~2026-26613-00 3580787 extended and rewrite it content 4633566 wikitext text/x-wiki == Background == Ahmedabad. == Infrastructure == To understand Ahmedabad's plans to reduce traffic casualties and improve traffic circulation we examine Ahmedabad's existing infrastructure as well as its plans for developing infrastructure. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act, 1949. The (AMC) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMDAVAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION |url=https://mybharat.gov.in/Gov/Urban-Local-Body/amdavad-municipal-corporation?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=MyBharat}}</ref>. The (AMC) is not the only body that manages roads in Ahmedabad. There are other entities such as the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=NHAI to hand over SG Road to AMC |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/nhai-to-hand-over-sg-road-to-amc/articleshow/113532142.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (Auda)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. According to a budget report from the (AMC), only 731.43 km of the 2634 km road network has sidewalks, which is a less than 28% of the total road network<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-04 |title=A city that forgot its pedestrians: Footpaths missing from 72% of Ahmedabad roads |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/a-city-that-forgot-its-pedestrians-footpaths-missing-from-72-of-ahmedabad-roads/articleshow/130008165.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. The 2634 km reported road length may not be the total road length within Ahmedabad since the report may not have accounted for roads under the management of the (NHAI) and the (Auda). Ahmedabad major roads, often referenced as arterial roads in The Indian Times, have 4 to 6 lanes, but some sections of these roads have even more lanes since they have service and bus lanes. Amdavad (Ahmedabad) Municipal Transport Service (AMTS) runs the public bus service in the city of Amdavad. The responsibility of the administration of (AMTS) comes under the (AMC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Services |url=https://www.amts.co.in/about-us/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.amts.co.in}}</ref>. The (AMC) has incorporated what they referred to a “Special Purpose Vehicle” called Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd in order to run and to operate Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS). Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd is registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and is 100% a subsidiary of (AMC). In order to provide faster, reliable, ecofriendly and advanced Public Transportation Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd is committed to operate and run (BRTS) services<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited |url=https://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ahmedabadbrts.org}}</ref>. Alternatively, the people of Ahmedabad can take the metro station. Railway transportation in Ahmedabad began in 1863, when the first train from Ahmedabad to Surat was flagged off from the newly built Kalupur railway station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-20 |title=First train chugged out of Ahmedabad 154 years ago |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/first-train-chugged-out-of-ahmedabad-154-years-ago/articleshow/56674248.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. But the first section of their metro was opened in 2019 and the second section opened in 2026<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview |url=https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/project-overview2/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation (GMRC) Limited |language=en-US}}</ref>. The city of Ahmedabad has built implemented several types of transportation infrastructure, such as vehicle bridges, including flyovers and railway overbridges; pedestrian bridges; roundabouts, locally known as “circles”; underpasses; speed bumps; and ring roads, which circle the city and allow vehicles passing through Ahmedabad to avoid getting stuck in the city traffic. In 2006, Auda developed the 76km SP Ring Road<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Between 2000 and 2026, 61 bridges, underpasses, and culverts were built, with 46 of them being constructed in the last 16 years. During that time the city built 5 pedestrian overbridges, as well as an underpass in Mithakali<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-11 |title=46 flyovers in 16 years, yet Ahmedabad’s traffic jams haven’t moved |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/46-flyovers-in-16-years-yet-ahmedabads-traffic-jams-havent-moved/articleshow/130179536.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Ahmedabad's future plans to develop infrastructure is consistent with its previous infrastructure projects. The (AMC) plans to take up flyover construction at the city's six most congested junctions as part of a decade long program to build flyovers at the 25 most congested junctions<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-31 |title=Six most-congested junctions in Ahmedabad flagged for priority flyovers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/six-most-congested-junctions-in-ahmedabad-flagged-for-priority-flyovers/articleshow/129910368.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. (Auda) approves to upgrade the SP Ring Road to six lanes, (Auda) requested the (AMC) to make provisions for service roads on the 76km ring road. There is no uniformity in the width of the road, which varies from 60 meters to 96 meters in different sections. (Auda) approved two tenders worth Rs 2,200 crore to upgrade the 76km SP Ring Road to six lanes. Rs 2,200 crore or ₹22,000,000,000 rupees is approximately American $232,000,000. In Phase 1, the 37km eastern stretch will be upgraded, and in Phase 2, the 39.2km western stretch will be revamped. Additionally, service roads will be developed, with existing two-lane service roads being expanded to four lanes over 34km, and three-lane service roads over 15km being expanded to four lanes. The service roads of the (AMC) will also be included in this development. At the same time, (Auda) plans to construct two new three-lane bridges next to the existing bridges over the Sabarmati River at Bhat and Kamod. Additionally, three six-lane underpasses will be constructed at Bhat Circle, Chiloda Circle, and Aslali Circle on the SP Ring Road. To create a pedestrian crossing, six new foot overbridges will be built on the SP Ring Road.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The state govt gave the green signal to (Auda) to redesignate about 36 square kilometers of land under the agriculture zone, facilitating its conversion into residential and commercial use in fast-developing areas along the periphery of Ahmedabad city. At the same time, the state government has taken an in-principle decision to initiate the process of land acquisition for the proposed third ring road of Ahmedabad city. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-17 |title=Auda to denotify 36 sq km agri land for general use |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/auda-to-denotify-36-sq-km-agri-land-for-general-use/articleshow/130316956.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Perhaps the most innovative project is the existing yet not operational high-speed railroad network<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-28 |title=Gujarat: All 8 piers ready for bullet train bridge across Sabarmati |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-all-8-piers-ready-for-bullet-train-bridge-across-sabarmati/articleshow/130563689.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Participant Groups == Pedestrians are arguably the group that benefits the most from the implementation of these paintings. Online sentiment shows that many citizens are concerned about the lack of safe crossing areas in Ahmedabad, particularly on larger highways<ref>{{Cite web |title=No pedestrian crossing on SG highway |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/ahmedabad/comments/1d6y9m0/no_pedestrian_crossing_on_sg_highway/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=www.reddit.com}}</ref>. Reduced driver speeds helps ensure that drivers are more aware of pedestrian crossings and gives pedestrians a visually-designated zone to cross as opposed to jaywalking. The paintings were done near schools and accident-prone areas to help slow down drivers in the area, showing a deliberate implementation of the technique<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Think Change |title=Two women artists design 3D zebra crossing for pedestrian friendly roads |url=https://yourstory.com/2016/05/3d-zebra-crossing |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=yourstory.com |language=en}}</ref>. Thakkar was contacted by IL&FS, a private infrastructure company, to implement the crosswalks on an accident-prone stretch of the Ahmedabad-Mehsana highway<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Tanvi |date=March 30, 2016 |title=Meet the Women Behind India's 3D 'Zebra' Crossings |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-30/meet-the-mother-daughter-duo-who-designed-india-s-3d-zebra-crossings |url-status=live |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>. Other than a vague acknowledgement from the Ahmedabadi government, there has not been a substantial effort by the Ahmedabad Municipal Transports Service to bolster the efforts of Pandya and Thakkar. They are further restricted in the implementation of these designs due to regulations by the roadworks authorities<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijaykumar |first=Neeti |title=Mother-Daughter Duo Painted a 3D Zebra Crossing In Ahmedabad |url=https://thebetterindia.com/48968/mother-daughter-road-safety-3d-painted-zebra-crossing-ahmedabad/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=thebetterindia.com |language=en}}</ref>. However, the innovation drew national attention, with the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) conducting research on the effects of the paintings. They found that speed reductions ranged between 1.6% and 20.3%, with the larger reductions being that of trucks and other heavy commercial vehicles. This was primarily attributed to the higher vantage points of these larger vehicles, giving them a better view of the crosswalk and further enhancing the optical illusion. Combined with the larger breaking distance required for heavier vehicles, they are prone to slowing down more at these crosswalks<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-09 |title=Illusion that works: 3D way to curb accidents |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/illusion-that-works-3d-way-to-curb-accidents/articleshow/52662981.cms? |access-date=2026-04-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Additionally, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has allocated 20 crore rupees, or 2.1 million USD, to fixing over 100 traffic crossings, emphasizing an overall prioritization of making these crosswalks safer<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-17 |title=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation approves Rs 20 crore plan to fix 133 chaotic junctions |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/hmedabad-municipal-corporation-approves-rs-20-crore-plan-to-fix-133-chaotic-junctions/articleshow/129617560.cms? |access-date=2026-04-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. There are very few firsthand accounts of driver sentiments regarding the crosswalks. However, given the results of the research conducted by the CRRI, it can be concluded that drivers have heightened awareness of the crosswalks and are responding relatively positively. Additionally, the design of the painting ensures that the illusion is functional from a distance, and dissipates as drivers approach the crosswalk, minimizing “panic braking” and ensuring that drivers are also kept safe<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stuart |date=2017-10-18 |title=3D advertising - magic eye zebra crossings |url=https://michoncreative.co.uk/articles/3d-advertising-magic-eye-zebra-crossings/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Michon Ltd |language=en-GB}}</ref>. == References == <references responsive="" /> erzc4wor3p5makbsczdgt9m4ayqaad4 4633569 4633566 2026-05-02T22:50:00Z ~2026-26613-00 3580787 /* Infrastructure */ 4633569 wikitext text/x-wiki == Background == Ahmedabad. == Infrastructure == To understand Ahmedabad's plans to reduce traffic casualties and improve traffic circulation we examine Ahmedabad's existing infrastructure as well as its plans for developing infrastructure. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act, 1949. The (AMC) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMDAVAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION |url=https://mybharat.gov.in/Gov/Urban-Local-Body/amdavad-municipal-corporation?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=MyBharat}}</ref>. The (AMC) is not the only body that manages roads in Ahmedabad. There are other entities such as the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=NHAI to hand over SG Road to AMC |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/nhai-to-hand-over-sg-road-to-amc/articleshow/113532142.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (Auda)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. According to a budget report from the (AMC), only 731.43 km of the 2634 km road network has sidewalks, which is a less than 28% of the total road network<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-04 |title=A city that forgot its pedestrians: Footpaths missing from 72% of Ahmedabad roads |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/a-city-that-forgot-its-pedestrians-footpaths-missing-from-72-of-ahmedabad-roads/articleshow/130008165.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. The 2634 km reported road length may not be the total road length within Ahmedabad since the report may not have accounted for roads under the management of the (NHAI) and the (Auda). Ahmedabad major roads, often referenced as arterial roads in The Indian Times, have 4 to 6 lanes, but some sections of these roads have even more lanes since they have service and bus lanes. Amdavad (Ahmedabad) Municipal Transport Service (AMTS) runs the public bus service in the city of Amdavad. The responsibility of the administration of (AMTS) comes under the (AMC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Services |url=https://www.amts.co.in/about-us/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.amts.co.in}}</ref>. The (AMC) has incorporated what they referred to a “Special Purpose Vehicle” called Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd in order to run and to operate Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS). Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd is registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and is 100% a subsidiary of (AMC). In order to provide faster, reliable, ecofriendly and advanced Public Transportation Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd is committed to operate and run (BRTS) services<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited |url=https://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ahmedabadbrts.org}}</ref>. Alternatively, the people of Ahmedabad can take the metro station. Railway transportation in Ahmedabad began in 1863, when the first train from Ahmedabad to Surat was flagged off from the newly built Kalupur railway station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-20 |title=First train chugged out of Ahmedabad 154 years ago |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/first-train-chugged-out-of-ahmedabad-154-years-ago/articleshow/56674248.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. But the first section of their metro was opened in 2019 and the second section opened in 2026<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview |url=https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/project-overview2/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation (GMRC) Limited |language=en-US}}</ref>. The city of Ahmedabad has built implemented several types of transportation infrastructure, such as vehicle bridges, including flyovers and railway overbridges; pedestrian bridges; roundabouts, locally known as “circles”; underpasses; speed bumps; and ring roads, which circle the city and allow vehicles passing through Ahmedabad to avoid getting stuck in the city traffic. In 2006, Auda developed the 76km SP Ring Road<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Between 2000 and 2026, 61 bridges, underpasses, and culverts were built, with 46 of them being constructed in the last 16 years. During that time the city built 5 pedestrian overbridges, as well as an underpass in Mithakali<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-11 |title=46 flyovers in 16 years, yet Ahmedabad’s traffic jams haven’t moved |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/46-flyovers-in-16-years-yet-ahmedabads-traffic-jams-havent-moved/articleshow/130179536.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Ahmedabad's future plans to develop infrastructure is consistent with its previous infrastructure projects. The (AMC) plans to take up flyover construction at the city's six most congested junctions as part of a decade long program to build flyovers at the 25 most congested junctions<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-31 |title=Six most-congested junctions in Ahmedabad flagged for priority flyovers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/six-most-congested-junctions-in-ahmedabad-flagged-for-priority-flyovers/articleshow/129910368.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. (Auda) approves to upgrade the SP Ring Road to six lanes, (Auda) requested the (AMC) to make provisions for service roads on the 76km ring road. There is no uniformity in the width of the road, which varies from 60 meters to 96 meters in different sections. (Auda) approved two tenders worth Rs 2,200 crore to upgrade the 76km SP Ring Road to six lanes. Rs 2,200 crore or ₹22,000,000,000 rupees is approximate $232,000,000 USD. In Phase 1, the 37km eastern stretch will be upgraded, and in Phase 2, the 39.2km western stretch will be revamped. Additionally, service roads will be developed, with existing two-lane service roads being expanded to four lanes over 34km, and three-lane service roads over 15km being expanded to four lanes. The service roads of the (AMC) will also be included in this development. At the same time, (Auda) plans to construct two new three-lane bridges next to the existing bridges over the Sabarmati River at Bhat and Kamod. Additionally, three six-lane underpasses will be constructed at Bhat Circle, Chiloda Circle, and Aslali Circle on the SP Ring Road. To create a pedestrian crossing, six new foot overbridges will be built on the SP Ring Road.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority’s plan to add service roads to SP Ring Road faces 5km hurdle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-urban-development-authoritys-plan-to-add-service-roads-to-sp-ring-road-faces-5km-hurdle/articleshow/128653810.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The state govt gave the green signal to (Auda) to redesignate about 36 square kilometers of land under the agriculture zone, facilitating its conversion into residential and commercial use in fast-developing areas along the periphery of Ahmedabad city. At the same time, the state government has taken an in-principle decision to initiate the process of land acquisition for the proposed third ring road of Ahmedabad city. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-17 |title=Auda to denotify 36 sq km agri land for general use |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/auda-to-denotify-36-sq-km-agri-land-for-general-use/articleshow/130316956.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-05-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Perhaps the most innovative project is the existing yet not operational high-speed railroad network<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-28 |title=Gujarat: All 8 piers ready for bullet train bridge across Sabarmati |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-all-8-piers-ready-for-bullet-train-bridge-across-sabarmati/articleshow/130563689.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. India’s first bullet train project will debut its commercial operations in Gujarat by December 2027. The entire Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor of the project will be operational by December 2029. The cost of this infrastructure project is about ₹1.08 lakh crore or approximately $11.4 billion USD<ref>{{Cite web |last=TA |first=API |date=2025-07-28 |title=India’s First Bullet Train Project to Launch by 2027 |url=https://www.transportadvancement.com/news/indias-first-bullet-train-project-to-launch-by-2027/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref>. The conversion exchange between the Rupees and USD is reasonable approximation as of 5/2/2026. == Participant Groups == Pedestrians are arguably the group that benefits the most from the implementation of these paintings. Online sentiment shows that many citizens are concerned about the lack of safe crossing areas in Ahmedabad, particularly on larger highways<ref>{{Cite web |title=No pedestrian crossing on SG highway |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/ahmedabad/comments/1d6y9m0/no_pedestrian_crossing_on_sg_highway/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=www.reddit.com}}</ref>. Reduced driver speeds helps ensure that drivers are more aware of pedestrian crossings and gives pedestrians a visually-designated zone to cross as opposed to jaywalking. The paintings were done near schools and accident-prone areas to help slow down drivers in the area, showing a deliberate implementation of the technique<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Think Change |title=Two women artists design 3D zebra crossing for pedestrian friendly roads |url=https://yourstory.com/2016/05/3d-zebra-crossing |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=yourstory.com |language=en}}</ref>. Thakkar was contacted by IL&FS, a private infrastructure company, to implement the crosswalks on an accident-prone stretch of the Ahmedabad-Mehsana highway<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Tanvi |date=March 30, 2016 |title=Meet the Women Behind India's 3D 'Zebra' Crossings |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-30/meet-the-mother-daughter-duo-who-designed-india-s-3d-zebra-crossings |url-status=live |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>. Other than a vague acknowledgement from the Ahmedabadi government, there has not been a substantial effort by the Ahmedabad Municipal Transports Service to bolster the efforts of Pandya and Thakkar. They are further restricted in the implementation of these designs due to regulations by the roadworks authorities<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijaykumar |first=Neeti |title=Mother-Daughter Duo Painted a 3D Zebra Crossing In Ahmedabad |url=https://thebetterindia.com/48968/mother-daughter-road-safety-3d-painted-zebra-crossing-ahmedabad/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=thebetterindia.com |language=en}}</ref>. However, the innovation drew national attention, with the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) conducting research on the effects of the paintings. They found that speed reductions ranged between 1.6% and 20.3%, with the larger reductions being that of trucks and other heavy commercial vehicles. This was primarily attributed to the higher vantage points of these larger vehicles, giving them a better view of the crosswalk and further enhancing the optical illusion. Combined with the larger breaking distance required for heavier vehicles, they are prone to slowing down more at these crosswalks<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-09 |title=Illusion that works: 3D way to curb accidents |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/illusion-that-works-3d-way-to-curb-accidents/articleshow/52662981.cms? |access-date=2026-04-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. Additionally, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has allocated 20 crore rupees, or 2.1 million USD, to fixing over 100 traffic crossings, emphasizing an overall prioritization of making these crosswalks safer<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-17 |title=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation approves Rs 20 crore plan to fix 133 chaotic junctions |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/hmedabad-municipal-corporation-approves-rs-20-crore-plan-to-fix-133-chaotic-junctions/articleshow/129617560.cms? |access-date=2026-04-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. There are very few firsthand accounts of driver sentiments regarding the crosswalks. However, given the results of the research conducted by the CRRI, it can be concluded that drivers have heightened awareness of the crosswalks and are responding relatively positively. Additionally, the design of the painting ensures that the illusion is functional from a distance, and dissipates as drivers approach the crosswalk, minimizing “panic braking” and ensuring that drivers are also kept safe<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stuart |date=2017-10-18 |title=3D advertising - magic eye zebra crossings |url=https://michoncreative.co.uk/articles/3d-advertising-magic-eye-zebra-crossings/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Michon Ltd |language=en-GB}}</ref>. == References == <references responsive="" /> biod78qje3b0xvmrvyqapq3ubhqh2sy 0 482939 4633518 4633495 2026-05-02T14:39:20Z ~2026-26751-41 3580703 added part on violent non-state actors. also added future considerations part 4633518 wikitext text/x-wiki == Background == === The Drone Revolution === ==== Drone Warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian War ==== Historically, military airpower was defined by multi-million-dollar platforms reserved for superpowers. However, the [[wikipedia:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)|Russo-Ukrainian War]] has dismantled this paradigm, creating a battlefield defined by the unprecedented consumption of cheap, expendable drones. In this conflict, drones have grown from being used primarily for reconnaissance to delivering ammunition, directing artillery fire, and carrying explosives.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=Game of drones: the production and use of Ukrainian battlefield unmanned aerial vehicles |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2025-10-14/game-drones-production-and-use-ukrainian-battlefield-unmanned |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies |language=en}}</ref> They are responsible for destroying 85% of Russian military targets, causing 70-80% of Russian casualties, and initiating the withdrawal of heavy weaponry from the front line.<ref name=":1" /> It is estimated that 2.2 million unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were produced in Ukraine in 2024.<ref name=":1" /> Ukraine's drone industry has boomed with startup drone companies and production,<ref name=":1" /> but Ukraine also relies heavily on foreign support.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Chávez |first=Kerry |date=February 2023 |title=Learning on the Fly: Drones in the Russian-Ukrainian War |work=Arms Control Association |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2023-01/features/learning-fly-drones-russian-ukrainian-war}}</ref> In response, Russia has developed a greater internal drone production capacity than Ukraine, but still relies on Chinese, French, and Iranian drone designs and suppliers<ref name=":2" /> for smaller, lightweight drones.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=FOUNDATION |first=OBSERVER RESEARCH |title=The Evolution of Russia’s Drone Warfare in Ukraine |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-evolution-of-russia-s-drone-warfare-in-ukraine |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref> Both countries have integrated drone warfare into their doctrines and have created branches exclusively for overseeing drone usage.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Because neither side could independently sustain this industrial appetite, doors have opened for external actors to proliferate drone warfare on this front with their own competing agendas. We begin by examining how actors outside of Russia and Ukraine have contributed to this proliferation. == Chinese Manufacturers == Chinese drone manufacturers supply a substantial portion of Ukraine's UAVs, especially lightweight drones, which are advantageous for easy maneuvering and transport.<ref name=":4" /> Outside of assembled drones, they supply most of the parts used to make drones.<ref name=":1" /> These companies use drone warfare to advance their financial, political, and commercial interests persistently; despite sanctions, Chinese drones continue to show up on the Russo-Ukrainian front.<ref name=":0">Pettyjohn, S. (2024). ''Evolution Not Revolution'' [Review of ''Evolution Not Revolution'']. Center for a New American Security (CNAS). <nowiki>https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/documents/CNAS-Report-Defense-Ukraine-Drones-Final.pdf</nowiki></ref> ==== Da-Jiang Innovations (DJI) ==== As of 2021, privately-owned [[wikipedia:DJI|DJI]] held 76% of the global market share for drone manufacturing<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |date=2021-06-09 |title=China’s Thriving Drone Industry - ARC Group |url=https://arc-group.com/china-thriving-drone-industry/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>, supplying to clients including but not limited to USA, Ukraine, Russia, ISIS, China, and Israel. Their DJI Mavic drone is popular on the Russo-Ukrainian front because, according to [[wikipedia:Center_for_a_New_American_Security|CNAS]] thinktank advisor Samuel Bendett: “DJI Mavic is an easy-to-use drone right out of the box.”<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Hambling |first=David |title=DJI Mavic Consumer Drones Are Still Russian Soldiers’ Favorite |language=en |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2025/03/10/dji-consumer-drones-are-still-russian-soldiers-favorite/ |access-date=2026-04-29}}</ref> Since the war's beginning, DJI has released statements condemning the use of their products to cause harm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJI Statement On Military Use Of Drones - DJI United States |url=https://www.dji.com/media-center/announcements/photo |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=DJI |language=en}}</ref> However, DJI drones have remained prominent on the front years after such statements when the war began.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Autel Robotics ==== [[wikipedia:Autel_Robotics|Autel Robotics]] is another privately owned drone supplier to both Russia<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zoria |first=Yuri |date=2025-07-08 |title=Bloomberg: China helped Russia build drones now hitting Ukraine |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/07/08/china-helped-build-the-drones-now-hitting-ukraine-bloomberg-traces-the-parts/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}</ref> and Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Analytics |first=Ukraine War |date=2025-06-01 |title=Autel Evo Military Use |url=https://ukraine-war-analytics.com/drones/autel-evo-military-use.html |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=ukraine-war-analytics.com |language=en}}</ref> It has been sanctioned by the UK<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUTEL ROBOTICS CO., LTD. {{!}} Sanctions Finder |url=https://sanctions-finder.com/sanction/b72c95a8-2f33-4f47-a709-d7cf29b5de51/AUTEL%20ROBOTICS%20CO.%2C%20LTD. |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=sanctions-finder.com |language=en}}</ref> and the United States<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugo |first=Maurice |date=2025-01-13 |title=How Pentagon Blacklist Affects Autel Drone Users |url=https://abjacademy.global/news/how-pentagon-blacklist-affects-autel-drone-users/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=ABJ Drone Academy |language=en}}</ref> due to suspected ties to the Chinese military and Chinese affiliates, such as Shenzhen Huasheng Industry Co. Ltd. Ukrainian Foreign Intelligence reports: “They use so-called shell companies, change names, do everything to avoid... sanctions for their activities."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Russia plans to produce 2 million FPV drones in 2025, Ukrainian intelligence says |url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-aims-to-produce-2-million-fpv-drones-in-2025-ukrainian-intelligence-says/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> Autel is under suspicion for many ties to shell companies aiding Russian UAV production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=This article was posted by TLB |date=2025-07-08 |title=Unmasking Russia-China Kamikaze Drone Supply Chain In One Map {{!}} The Liberty Beacon |url=https://www.thelibertybeacon.com/unmasking-russia-china-kamikaze-drone-supply-chain-in-one-map/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.thelibertybeacon.com |language=en-US}}</ref> To avoid these sanctions, [https://aero-hit.ru/ Aero-HIT], a state-affiliated Russian drone manufacturer, seeks to develop Autel’s EVO Max 4T drone in Khabarovsk, Russia, near the Chinese border.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WhereIsRussiaToday |date=2025-09-16 |title=Partners in Crime: Russian and Chinese Efforts to Avoid Sanctions in Drone Operations |url=https://whereisrussiatoday.substack.com/p/partners-in-crime-russian-and-chinese |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=WhereIsRussiaToday’s Substack}}</ref> Autel continues to be sanctioned despite its statement that the “company has never participated in any military-related activities and firmly rejects the improper use of its products."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement |url=https://www.autelrobotics.com/news/20250107/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.autelrobotics.com}}</ref> == Iranian State Actors == [[File:Shahed-136-350-250draw.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of a Shahed-136, a low-cost loitering munition exported and localized for mass production in Russia.]] Operating independently from Iran's conventional military, the [[wikipedia:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force|IRGC-AF]] plays a critical role in the development of Iran's drone program, positioning itself as an asymmetrical equalizer against Western air superiority. This military branch and its commander, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, were directly sanctioned by the United States and the European Union for facilitating the supply of drones to Russia for use in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amir Ali Hajizadeh: Commander of IRGC’s Aerospace Force |url=https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/amir-ali-hajizadeh-commander-of-irgcs-aerospace-force |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=United Against Nuclear Iran |language=en}}</ref> Because Iran is subject to extensive economic restrictions, it also relies on decentralized procurement networks. Coined by the Atlantic Council, the "Axis of Evasion" refers to the network of adversaries that bypass global sanctions to illegally source commercial Western technology (like navigation components and semiconductors) from global markets, funneling them into Iranian weapons manufacturing.<ref name="atlanticcouncil">{{Cite web |last=Vogel |first=B. |date=2024-04-18 |title=From drones to rocket fuel, China and Russia are helping Iran through supply chains |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/from-drones-to-rocket-fuel-china-and-russia-are-helping-iran-through-supply-chains/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en}}</ref> === Agendas Behind the Arsenal === The IRGC-AF’s contribution rapidly evolved from off-the-shelf hardware supply to exporting raw intellectual property and technical expertise. By transferring blueprints, materials, and engineering techniques to the Alabuga Special Economic Zone in Russia, they enabled Moscow to localize the mass production of Shahed-type drones.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shvets |first=Alyona |date=2024-05-23 |title=Investigation: EU, US companies still operate in Russia's main drone production hub |url=https://kyivindependent.com/investigation-eu-us-companies-still-operate-in-russias-main-drone-production-hub/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |work=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> This proliferation serves multiple agendas for Iran. The Ukrainian front functions as a "global laboratory". By testing drones against advanced Western air defenses, Iran extracts critical data to harden its own technology and adapt commercial electronics for navigation and electronic warfare. Iran trades drone proliferation for Russian military modernization in a strategy of tactical reciprocity. Supplying drone technology enabled Iran to secure advanced capabilities and manufacturing capacity in return, creating a self-reinforcing production network between Moscow and Tehran.<ref name="atlanticcouncil" /> A core geopolitical agenda driving this proliferation is asymmetric bankruptcy. Inexpensive weapons deliberately drain resources designed to counter more advanced threats. While a Shahed drone typically costs around $20,000 to $50,000,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kofman |first=Michael |date=2023-01-26 |title=The Cost of a Shahed |url=https://www.phenomenalworld.org/analysis/cost-of-a-shahed/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Phenomenal World |language=en}}</ref> a single Patriot interceptor missile costs roughly $3 million to $4 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Doyle |first1=Gerry |last2=Motevalli |first2=Golnar |date=2026-03-02 |title=Iran's Missile Math: $20,000 Drones Take on $4 Million Patriots |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-02/iran-strikes-missile-math-20-000-iranian-drones-take-on-4-million-patriots |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=Bloomberg |language=en}}</ref> This cost mismatch forces defenders into an unsustainable economic deficit, weaponizing the cost of modern air defense. While the Iranian state benefits geopolitically from this strategy, the domestic consequences for the Iranian people are severe. The diversion of state funds toward military expansion and the "Axis of Evasion" deprives public infrastructure and economic development of critical resources. Furthermore, the international sanctions triggered by this drone proliferation disproportionately impact ordinary citizens, driving hyperinflation, widespread unemployment, and shortages of essential goods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Sanctions on Iran |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounders/international-sanctions-iran |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Ultimately, the regime's pursuit of asymmetric external power is heavily subsidized by the socioeconomic attrition of its own people. == U.S. Defense Companies == U.S. defense companies play a central role in shaping modern drone warfare by linking military needs, technological innovation, and economic incentives. Rather than acting as neutral suppliers, these firms actively influence how warfare evolves by determining what technologies are available, scalable, and practical on the battlefield. In Ukraine, U.S. defense companies have supplied drone systems, surveillance tools, and counter-drone technologies that have expanded the role of drones in combat.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense, "Security Assistance to Ukraine," https://www.defense.gov</ref> They have helped shape battlefield capabilities and contributed to making drones a routine part of warfare. This reflects a broader shift from specialized, high-cost systems to widely deployable technologies. Drones are no longer rare assets; they are expected tools. This shift shows how defense companies help normalize drones as everyday military tools rather than rare specialized weapons. Defense companies operate within a profit-driven system, meaning increased conflict and demand can accelerate production and innovation. As drones become cheaper and more effective, companies have incentives to promote their continued use. This creates a feedback loop where technological capability and military dependence reinforce each other. At the same time, U.S. defense companies remain embedded in global supply chains. Even advanced military drones often rely on internationally sourced components, including electronics that may originate in competing countries.<ref>Center for a New American Security (CNAS), "Drones in Ukraine Report"</ref> This complicates traditional ideas of national security. == Violent Non-State Actors == Due to the deadliness and accessibility of drone technology, many Violent Non-State Actors (VNSA) have begun increasing their drone arsenals to stage attacks on countries, organizations, and civilians. Violent Non-State Actors are defined as individuals or groups, independent of governments, which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals<ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-state actor (NSA) {{!}} Politics and Government {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research |url=https://www.ebsco.com/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=EBSCO |language=en}}</ref>. The most common subgroup of VNSAs are terrorist groups, but individuals, including civilians, can also be considered VNSAs. Since VNSAs are unaffiliated with governments, there are few regulating bodies or policies that can curtail or ban VNSA’s access and use of drones. This makes combat increasingly difficult as drones are significantly cheaper than the systems used to shoot them down. === Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) === The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) and other paramilitary groups in Russia have used Ukraine as a training ground to test and deploy drones. The RIM is a far-right paramilitary group based in Russia. They are ultra-nationalist and pro-monarchist with the goal of restoring the Russian Empire; they supported Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and invasion of Ukraine in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) and its Links to the Transnational White Supremacist Extremist Movement |url=https://icct.nl/publication/russian-imperial-movement-rim-and-its-links-transnational-white-supremacist-extremist |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=International Centre for Counter-Terrorism - ICCT |language=en}}</ref>. After the war mobilization in 2022 due to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, the RIM began their Imperial Legion unit, a unit that trains private Russian civilians to fight alongside the Russian military. In RIM’s Partizan training camp, they run a course that trains drone operators with the purpose of sending those graduates to the Ukraine front<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hummel |first=Kristina |date=2023-08-30 |title=The Russian Imperial Movement in the Ukraine Wars: 2014-2023 |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-russian-imperial-movement-in-the-ukraine-wars-2014-2023/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |language=en-US}}</ref>. === Ukrainian Civilians === While VNSAs are commonly associated with organizations like terrorist groups, they also encompass civilians. In the Russo-Ukraine War, Ukrainian civilians have leveraged easy access to drones and open source software to help their country in the war effort<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gamba |first=Matilde |date=2025-06-24 |title=Above the Battlefield: The Threat of UAVs in the Hands of VNSAs |url=https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/24/above-the-battlefield-the-threat-of-uavs-in-the-hands-of-vnas/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=GNET |language=en-GB}}</ref>. Using resources like Telegram and dark web forums, ordinary civilians are able to find instructions on how to design effective drone weaponry. Groups have also been able to leverage non-open source software through exploits. The Russian and Ukrainian governments, along with civilians, have exploited vulnerabilities in software by reverse engineering code to use in their own drone software<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-26 |title=How Reverse-Engineered Russian Drones Ended Up Flying for Ukraine |url=https://united24media.com/latest-news/how-reverse-engineered-russian-drones-ended-up-flying-for-ukraine-15318 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=UNITED24 Media |language=en}}</ref>. == Future considerations == Drone warfare is a large topic with much nuance. This article mainly covers how countries, companies, and VNSAs have leveraged the proliferation of drones to further their own agendas. However, key participant groups such as civilians, military personnel, and the United Nations were not covered. Thus, some future topics to consider include: effects of drone usage on civilians, effect of drones on PTSD and casualties among military personnel, and drone policy on the international stage. The accessibility to drones and its use by non-governmental actors shares similarities to the use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in the Wars in the Middle East post-9/11. Another potential topic could be how drones and IEDs have affected military tactics and negotiations in the 21st century. == References == <references /> {{BookCat}} immoisambjwi24gott01kx9kxrkf7e3 4633519 4633518 2026-05-02T14:42:30Z Wxj6rz 3580705 4633519 wikitext text/x-wiki == Background == === The Drone Revolution === ==== Drone Warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian War ==== Historically, military airpower was defined by multi-million-dollar platforms reserved for superpowers. However, the [[wikipedia:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)|Russo-Ukrainian War]] has dismantled this paradigm, creating a battlefield defined by the unprecedented consumption of cheap, expendable drones. In this conflict, drones have grown from being used primarily for reconnaissance to delivering ammunition, directing artillery fire, and carrying explosives.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=Game of drones: the production and use of Ukrainian battlefield unmanned aerial vehicles |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2025-10-14/game-drones-production-and-use-ukrainian-battlefield-unmanned |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies |language=en}}</ref> They are responsible for destroying 85% of Russian military targets, causing 70-80% of Russian casualties, and initiating the withdrawal of heavy weaponry from the front line.<ref name=":1" /> It is estimated that 2.2 million unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were produced in Ukraine in 2024.<ref name=":1" /> Ukraine's drone industry has boomed with startup drone companies and production,<ref name=":1" /> but Ukraine also relies heavily on foreign support.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Chávez |first=Kerry |date=February 2023 |title=Learning on the Fly: Drones in the Russian-Ukrainian War |work=Arms Control Association |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2023-01/features/learning-fly-drones-russian-ukrainian-war}}</ref> In response, Russia has developed a greater internal drone production capacity than Ukraine, but still relies on Chinese, French, and Iranian drone designs and suppliers<ref name=":2" /> for smaller, lightweight drones.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=FOUNDATION |first=OBSERVER RESEARCH |title=The Evolution of Russia’s Drone Warfare in Ukraine |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-evolution-of-russia-s-drone-warfare-in-ukraine |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref> Both countries have integrated drone warfare into their doctrines and have created branches exclusively for overseeing drone usage.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Because neither side could independently sustain this industrial appetite, doors have opened for external actors to proliferate drone warfare on this front with their own competing agendas. We begin by examining how actors outside of Russia and Ukraine have contributed to this proliferation. == Chinese Manufacturers == Chinese drone manufacturers supply a substantial portion of Ukraine's UAVs, especially lightweight drones, which are advantageous for easy maneuvering and transport.<ref name=":4" /> Outside of assembled drones, they supply most of the parts used to make drones.<ref name=":1" /> These companies use drone warfare to advance their financial, political, and commercial interests persistently; despite sanctions, Chinese drones continue to show up on the Russo-Ukrainian front.<ref name=":0">Pettyjohn, S. (2024). ''Evolution Not Revolution'' [Review of ''Evolution Not Revolution'']. Center for a New American Security (CNAS). <nowiki>https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/documents/CNAS-Report-Defense-Ukraine-Drones-Final.pdf</nowiki></ref> === Da-Jiang Innovations (DJI) === As of 2021, privately-owned [[wikipedia:DJI|DJI]] held 76% of the global market share for drone manufacturing<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |date=2021-06-09 |title=China’s Thriving Drone Industry - ARC Group |url=https://arc-group.com/china-thriving-drone-industry/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>, supplying to clients including but not limited to USA, Ukraine, Russia, ISIS, China, and Israel. Their DJI Mavic drone is popular on the Russo-Ukrainian front because, according to [[wikipedia:Center_for_a_New_American_Security|CNAS]] thinktank advisor Samuel Bendett: “DJI Mavic is an easy-to-use drone right out of the box.”<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Hambling |first=David |title=DJI Mavic Consumer Drones Are Still Russian Soldiers’ Favorite |language=en |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2025/03/10/dji-consumer-drones-are-still-russian-soldiers-favorite/ |access-date=2026-04-29}}</ref> Since the war's beginning, DJI has released statements condemning the use of their products to cause harm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJI Statement On Military Use Of Drones - DJI United States |url=https://www.dji.com/media-center/announcements/photo |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=DJI |language=en}}</ref> However, DJI drones have remained prominent on the front years after such statements when the war began.<ref name=":0" /> === Autel Robotics === [[wikipedia:Autel_Robotics|Autel Robotics]] is another privately owned drone supplier to both Russia<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zoria |first=Yuri |date=2025-07-08 |title=Bloomberg: China helped Russia build drones now hitting Ukraine |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/07/08/china-helped-build-the-drones-now-hitting-ukraine-bloomberg-traces-the-parts/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}</ref> and Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Analytics |first=Ukraine War |date=2025-06-01 |title=Autel Evo Military Use |url=https://ukraine-war-analytics.com/drones/autel-evo-military-use.html |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=ukraine-war-analytics.com |language=en}}</ref> It has been sanctioned by the UK<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUTEL ROBOTICS CO., LTD. {{!}} Sanctions Finder |url=https://sanctions-finder.com/sanction/b72c95a8-2f33-4f47-a709-d7cf29b5de51/AUTEL%20ROBOTICS%20CO.%2C%20LTD. |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=sanctions-finder.com |language=en}}</ref> and the United States<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugo |first=Maurice |date=2025-01-13 |title=How Pentagon Blacklist Affects Autel Drone Users |url=https://abjacademy.global/news/how-pentagon-blacklist-affects-autel-drone-users/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=ABJ Drone Academy |language=en}}</ref> due to suspected ties to the Chinese military and Chinese affiliates, such as Shenzhen Huasheng Industry Co. Ltd. Ukrainian Foreign Intelligence reports: “They use so-called shell companies, change names, do everything to avoid... sanctions for their activities."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Russia plans to produce 2 million FPV drones in 2025, Ukrainian intelligence says |url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-aims-to-produce-2-million-fpv-drones-in-2025-ukrainian-intelligence-says/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> Autel is under suspicion for many ties to shell companies aiding Russian UAV production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=This article was posted by TLB |date=2025-07-08 |title=Unmasking Russia-China Kamikaze Drone Supply Chain In One Map {{!}} The Liberty Beacon |url=https://www.thelibertybeacon.com/unmasking-russia-china-kamikaze-drone-supply-chain-in-one-map/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.thelibertybeacon.com |language=en-US}}</ref> To avoid these sanctions, [https://aero-hit.ru/ Aero-HIT], a state-affiliated Russian drone manufacturer, seeks to develop Autel’s EVO Max 4T drone in Khabarovsk, Russia, near the Chinese border.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WhereIsRussiaToday |date=2025-09-16 |title=Partners in Crime: Russian and Chinese Efforts to Avoid Sanctions in Drone Operations |url=https://whereisrussiatoday.substack.com/p/partners-in-crime-russian-and-chinese |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=WhereIsRussiaToday’s Substack}}</ref> Autel continues to be sanctioned despite its statement that the “company has never participated in any military-related activities and firmly rejects the improper use of its products."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement |url=https://www.autelrobotics.com/news/20250107/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.autelrobotics.com}}</ref> == Iranian State Actors == [[File:Shahed-136-350-250draw.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of a Shahed-136, a low-cost loitering munition exported and localized for mass production in Russia.]] Operating independently from Iran's conventional military, the [[wikipedia:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force|IRGC-AF]] plays a critical role in the development of Iran's drone program, positioning itself as an asymmetrical equalizer against Western air superiority. This military branch and its commander, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, were directly sanctioned by the United States and the European Union for facilitating the supply of drones to Russia for use in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amir Ali Hajizadeh: Commander of IRGC’s Aerospace Force |url=https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/amir-ali-hajizadeh-commander-of-irgcs-aerospace-force |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=United Against Nuclear Iran |language=en}}</ref> Because Iran is subject to extensive economic restrictions, it also relies on decentralized procurement networks. Coined by the Atlantic Council, the "Axis of Evasion" refers to the network of adversaries that bypass global sanctions to illegally source commercial Western technology (like navigation components and semiconductors) from global markets, funneling them into Iranian weapons manufacturing.<ref name="atlanticcouncil">{{Cite web |last=Vogel |first=B. |date=2024-04-18 |title=From drones to rocket fuel, China and Russia are helping Iran through supply chains |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/from-drones-to-rocket-fuel-china-and-russia-are-helping-iran-through-supply-chains/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en}}</ref> === Agendas Behind the Arsenal === The IRGC-AF’s contribution rapidly evolved from off-the-shelf hardware supply to exporting raw intellectual property and technical expertise. By transferring blueprints, materials, and engineering techniques to the Alabuga Special Economic Zone in Russia, they enabled Moscow to localize the mass production of Shahed-type drones.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shvets |first=Alyona |date=2024-05-23 |title=Investigation: EU, US companies still operate in Russia's main drone production hub |url=https://kyivindependent.com/investigation-eu-us-companies-still-operate-in-russias-main-drone-production-hub/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |work=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> This proliferation serves multiple agendas for Iran. The Ukrainian front functions as a "global laboratory". By testing drones against advanced Western air defenses, Iran extracts critical data to harden its own technology and adapt commercial electronics for navigation and electronic warfare. Iran trades drone proliferation for Russian military modernization in a strategy of tactical reciprocity. Supplying drone technology enabled Iran to secure advanced capabilities and manufacturing capacity in return, creating a self-reinforcing production network between Moscow and Tehran.<ref name="atlanticcouncil" /> A core geopolitical agenda driving this proliferation is asymmetric bankruptcy. Inexpensive weapons deliberately drain resources designed to counter more advanced threats. While a Shahed drone typically costs around $20,000 to $50,000,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kofman |first=Michael |date=2023-01-26 |title=The Cost of a Shahed |url=https://www.phenomenalworld.org/analysis/cost-of-a-shahed/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Phenomenal World |language=en}}</ref> a single Patriot interceptor missile costs roughly $3 million to $4 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Doyle |first1=Gerry |last2=Motevalli |first2=Golnar |date=2026-03-02 |title=Iran's Missile Math: $20,000 Drones Take on $4 Million Patriots |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-02/iran-strikes-missile-math-20-000-iranian-drones-take-on-4-million-patriots |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=Bloomberg |language=en}}</ref> This cost mismatch forces defenders into an unsustainable economic deficit, weaponizing the cost of modern air defense. While the Iranian state benefits geopolitically from this strategy, the domestic consequences for the Iranian people are severe. The diversion of state funds toward military expansion and the "Axis of Evasion" deprives public infrastructure and economic development of critical resources. Furthermore, the international sanctions triggered by this drone proliferation disproportionately impact ordinary citizens, driving hyperinflation, widespread unemployment, and shortages of essential goods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Sanctions on Iran |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounders/international-sanctions-iran |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Ultimately, the regime's pursuit of asymmetric external power is heavily subsidized by the socioeconomic attrition of its own people. == U.S. Defense Companies == U.S. defense companies play a central role in shaping modern drone warfare by linking military needs, technological innovation, and economic incentives. Rather than acting as neutral suppliers, these firms actively influence how warfare evolves by determining what technologies are available, scalable, and practical on the battlefield. In Ukraine, U.S. defense companies have supplied drone systems, surveillance tools, and counter-drone technologies that have expanded the role of drones in combat.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense, "Security Assistance to Ukraine," https://www.defense.gov</ref> They have helped shape battlefield capabilities and contributed to making drones a routine part of warfare. This reflects a broader shift from specialized, high-cost systems to widely deployable technologies. Drones are no longer rare assets; they are expected tools. This shift shows how defense companies help normalize drones as everyday military tools rather than rare specialized weapons. Defense companies operate within a profit-driven system, meaning increased conflict and demand can accelerate production and innovation. As drones become cheaper and more effective, companies have incentives to promote their continued use. This creates a feedback loop where technological capability and military dependence reinforce each other. At the same time, U.S. defense companies remain embedded in global supply chains. Even advanced military drones often rely on internationally sourced components, including electronics that may originate in competing countries.<ref>Center for a New American Security (CNAS), "Drones in Ukraine Report"</ref> This complicates traditional ideas of national security. == Violent Non-State Actors == Due to the deadliness and accessibility of drone technology, many Violent Non-State Actors (VNSA) have begun increasing their drone arsenals to stage attacks on countries, organizations, and civilians. Violent Non-State Actors are defined as individuals or groups, independent of governments, which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals<ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-state actor (NSA) {{!}} Politics and Government {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research |url=https://www.ebsco.com/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=EBSCO |language=en}}</ref>. The most common subgroup of VNSAs are terrorist groups, but individuals, including civilians, can also be considered VNSAs. Since VNSAs are unaffiliated with governments, there are few regulating bodies or policies that can curtail or ban VNSA’s access and use of drones. This makes combat increasingly difficult as drones are significantly cheaper than the systems used to shoot them down. === Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) === The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) and other paramilitary groups in Russia have used Ukraine as a training ground to test and deploy drones. The RIM is a far-right paramilitary group based in Russia. They are ultra-nationalist and pro-monarchist with the goal of restoring the Russian Empire; they supported Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and invasion of Ukraine in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) and its Links to the Transnational White Supremacist Extremist Movement |url=https://icct.nl/publication/russian-imperial-movement-rim-and-its-links-transnational-white-supremacist-extremist |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=International Centre for Counter-Terrorism - ICCT |language=en}}</ref>. After the war mobilization in 2022 due to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, the RIM began their Imperial Legion unit, a unit that trains private Russian civilians to fight alongside the Russian military. In RIM’s Partizan training camp, they run a course that trains drone operators with the purpose of sending those graduates to the Ukraine front<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hummel |first=Kristina |date=2023-08-30 |title=The Russian Imperial Movement in the Ukraine Wars: 2014-2023 |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-russian-imperial-movement-in-the-ukraine-wars-2014-2023/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |language=en-US}}</ref>. === Ukrainian Civilians === While VNSAs are commonly associated with organizations like terrorist groups, they also encompass civilians. In the Russo-Ukraine War, Ukrainian civilians have leveraged easy access to drones and open source software to help their country in the war effort<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gamba |first=Matilde |date=2025-06-24 |title=Above the Battlefield: The Threat of UAVs in the Hands of VNSAs |url=https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/24/above-the-battlefield-the-threat-of-uavs-in-the-hands-of-vnas/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=GNET |language=en-GB}}</ref>. Using resources like Telegram and dark web forums, ordinary civilians are able to find instructions on how to design effective drone weaponry. Groups have also been able to leverage non-open source software through exploits. The Russian and Ukrainian governments, along with civilians, have exploited vulnerabilities in software by reverse engineering code to use in their own drone software<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-26 |title=How Reverse-Engineered Russian Drones Ended Up Flying for Ukraine |url=https://united24media.com/latest-news/how-reverse-engineered-russian-drones-ended-up-flying-for-ukraine-15318 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=UNITED24 Media |language=en}}</ref>. == Future considerations == Drone warfare is a large topic with much nuance. This article mainly covers how countries, companies, and VNSAs have leveraged the proliferation of drones to further their own agendas. However, key participant groups such as civilians, military personnel, and the United Nations were not covered. Thus, some future topics to consider include: effects of drone usage on civilians, effect of drones on PTSD and casualties among military personnel, and drone policy on the international stage. The accessibility to drones and its use by non-governmental actors shares similarities to the use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in the Wars in the Middle East post-9/11. Another potential topic could be how drones and IEDs have affected military tactics and negotiations in the 21st century. == References == <references /> {{BookCat}} 06qhhhpqz51f1g6eak7wwlb6dbu9vxz 4 482999 4633798 4633368 2026-05-03T08:10:39Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals]] 4633798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == [[Using Wikibooks]] == I've noticed [[Using Wikibooks]], and I'm a little concerned that it might be confusing to have a separate book instead of official pages in the Help: and Wikibooks: namespaces. To my mind, having a separate book introduces the following issues: * Confusion of the book with official project policy * Outdated information or other discrepancies if the official pages are updated and the book is not The book does have a good amount of useful information, so I think it would make the most sense to merge it into official pages in the Wikibooks: and Help: namespaces. Thoughts? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:14, 26 November 2025 (UTC) : How can we tell which pages (from that book) should either be in the Wikibooks or Help namespaces? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:44, 26 November 2025 (UTC) ::I think it's not necessarily a one-to-one. Rather, we'll need to find the best home(s) for the information on each page—it's something I'm happy to take point on! Is that what you were asking? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 26 November 2025 (UTC) ::: Probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:38, 27 November 2025 (UTC) ::::I'll wait to see if anyone else has any comments about this; if there are no objections, I'll plan to migrate things as described. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:45, 2 December 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] and @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: I do object to this change, for two reasons. :::::# [[Using Wikibooks]] is a featured book. By moving it to another namespace, it will no longer be a book, and thus no longer a featured book. Do we intend to delist it? :::::# Using Wikibooks is a book. It is written in the same style as other books in our project's mainspace. It's self-consistent and organized by page. I fear that dividing and conquering it among the Help and Project namespaces is likely to make its content harder to find. :::::[[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:15, 5 December 2025 (UTC) : I changed my vote, I don't think we should migrate that book to pages in other namespaces. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:46, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :That is an "official" book, which I think is OK to have in this case. I think some of the help pages actually recommend reading this book. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 07:41, 1 January 2026 (UTC) == Consultation to replace the outdated MassBlock gadget == Fellow administrators, I plan to replace the current MassBlock gadget with [[w:it:MediaWiki:Gadget-Massblock.js|this version imported from the Italian Wikipedia]]. Currently on this project, MassBlock only blocks IP addresses, which are no longer visible to the public and it's not ideal. Thoughts? '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 29 October 2025 (UTC) :In principle, I have no problem with this, but I'm not as familiar with the technical aspects or potential limitations—I'd need other people to weigh in. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:07, 2 November 2025 (UTC) :: I've tested this, and there are some additional options to blank and/or protect user/user talk pages, but we should probably not use them unless absolutely necessary. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 7 November 2025 (UTC) : {{doing|Doing per lack of objection...}} [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:00, 2 January 2026 (UTC) : Apologies for the recent technical difficulties, the script wasn't working because some dependencies were not added... – it's fixed. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:28, 2 January 2026 (UTC) 36rm7qf6rdh7nk98e3a26umeuysq04y 0 483052 4633516 2026-05-02T13:18:01Z ~2026-26804-65 3580681 Created page with "'''Ba6?? (Tanfon Gambit)''' White's just blundered a whole bishop 2 moves in. Black should respond with Nxa6!, because bxa6?! falls behind in development." 4633516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ba6?? (Tanfon Gambit)''' White's just blundered a whole bishop 2 moves in. Black should respond with Nxa6!, because bxa6?! falls behind in development. idi2voyjwq23b41wznrx53b4goc83qh 4633777 4633516 2026-05-03T02:47:28Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4633777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ba6?? (Tanfon Gambit)''' White's just blundered a whole bishop 2 moves in. Black should respond with Nxa6!, because bxa6?! falls behind in development. {{BookCat}} gpo7n3nyw3hhqbyzw3ytzj06ps80awe 2 483053 4633522 2026-05-02T15:08:55Z Panic2k4 2865 Creation 4633522 wikitext text/x-wiki = Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail = Language has often been described as a tool for performing social actions, a view associated with strands of thought inspired by Wittgenstein and later developed in various forms of usage‑based and interactional linguistics. These approaches argue that language is not primarily a system for encoding internal concepts but a medium for coordinating behavior. Yet this claim cannot withstand close examination. Every act of communication presupposes a shared conceptual substrate. Without a mapping between symbolic forms and conceptual categories, no utterance could be intelligible, and without intelligibility, no social action could be performed. A protocol without encoding is not a protocol; it is noise. The fact that language can be used for social action does not mean that social action defines its ontology. The logical priority of conceptual encoding becomes clear the moment we consider even the simplest utterance. A request such as “give me that” already presupposes a conceptual structure involving an agent, an object, a relation of transfer, a referential anchor, and an intention. These are not social actions in themselves but the conceptual scaffolding that makes social action possible. The action is built upon the conceptual substrate, not the other way around. To deny this is to imagine that a command could be understood without any shared understanding of what a command is, what an object is, or what giving entails. Communication collapses instantly if conceptual encoding is removed, whereas conceptual encoding remains coherent even in the absence of communication. This becomes even clearer when we consider what a natural language is. Standard definitions of natural languages describe them as historically evolving systems with internal structure, shared by a community and capable of generating unlimited expressions. Crucially, natural languages evolve over time independently of any particular communicative event. Phonological drift, semantic shift, grammaticalization, and reanalysis occur whether or not speakers intend to perform social actions. These processes are structural rather than performative. A system that continues to evolve even when not being used for social coordination cannot be defined primarily by its moment‑to‑moment use. The ontology of language is deeper than the interactions that happen to employ it. The independence of language from communication is not theoretical; it is empirical. Languages can and do exist without any living speakers. Latin persisted as a complete linguistic system long after it ceased to be anyone’s native tongue. Coptic survived in liturgical contexts before its revival. Etruscan remains structurally analyzable despite the disappearance of its speech community. Linear A remains undeciphered yet clearly exhibits systematic linguistic structure. Egyptian hieroglyphs and the Maya script were revived not by reconstructing ancient social interactions but by analyzing the conceptual encoding preserved in inscriptions. The work of Champollion succeeded because the conceptual structure of the language survived even when the social context had vanished. Symbol‑concept mappings, grammatical relations, semantic categories, and morphological patterns remained recoverable. The social action context did not. This alone is enough to show that conceptual encoding is the core of language. A language can also serve purposes that do not require real‑time interaction. It can store knowledge, preserve cosmology, encode ritual, maintain cultural memory, and support scientific or mathematical notation. These functions demonstrate that the purpose of language extends beyond communication and that its structure is not exhausted by its pragmatic uses. A language can encode a worldview even when no one is actively using it to coordinate behavior. The persistence of linguistic structure in the absence of communication shows that the conceptual substrate is not dependent on social action. The error of social‑action‑first theories lies in conflating what language is with what language is used for. They mistake pragmatic use for structural ontology. To claim that language is primarily social action is like claiming that mathematics is primarily engineering or that maps are primarily tourism. These are applications, not definitions. Language can be used for social action, but that does not make social action its foundational structure. The conceptual substrate is the condition of possibility for every linguistic act, including those that are socially performative. The claim that language is not primarily about encoding internal concepts fails because it ignores the logical prerequisites of communication, confuses function with origin, mistakes pragmatic use for structural ontology, cannot explain how linguistic signals become intelligible, cannot account for languages that persist without communication, and is contradicted by the empirical history of decipherment. Language is a conceptual encoding system that enables social action, not a social‑action system that happens to encode concepts. The conceptual substrate is the ontological core of language and the condition of possibility for every linguistic act. 8agpuomvhudhxrqtn9d9lk2g52upra7 4633523 4633522 2026-05-02T15:10:08Z Panic2k4 2865 wikilinks added 4633523 wikitext text/x-wiki # Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail Language has often been described as a tool for performing social actions, a view associated with strands of thought inspired by [[W:Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] and later developed in various forms of usage‑based and interactional linguistics. These approaches argue that language is not primarily a system for encoding internal concepts but a medium for coordinating behavior. Yet this claim cannot withstand close examination. Every act of communication presupposes a shared conceptual substrate. Without a mapping between symbolic forms and conceptual categories, no utterance could be intelligible, and without intelligibility, no social action could be performed. A protocol without encoding is not a protocol; it is noise. The fact that language can be used for social action does not mean that social action defines its ontology. The logical priority of conceptual encoding becomes clear the moment we consider even the simplest utterance. A request such as “give me that” already presupposes a conceptual structure involving an agent, an object, a relation of transfer, a referential anchor, and an intention. These are not social actions in themselves but the conceptual scaffolding that makes social action possible. The action is built upon the conceptual substrate, not the other way around. To deny this is to imagine that a command could be understood without any shared understanding of what a command is, what an object is, or what giving entails. Communication collapses instantly if conceptual encoding is removed, whereas conceptual encoding remains coherent even in the absence of communication. This becomes even clearer when we consider what a natural language is. Standard definitions of [[W:Natural language|natural languages]] describe them as historically evolving systems with internal structure, shared by a community and capable of generating unlimited expressions. Crucially, natural languages evolve over time independently of any particular communicative event. Phonological drift, semantic shift, grammaticalization, and reanalysis occur whether or not speakers intend to perform social actions. These processes are structural rather than performative. A system that continues to evolve even when not being used for social coordination cannot be defined primarily by its moment‑to‑moment use. The ontology of language is deeper than the interactions that happen to employ it. The independence of language from communication is not theoretical; it is empirical. Languages can and do exist without any living speakers. Latin persisted as a complete linguistic system long after it ceased to be anyone’s native tongue. Coptic survived in liturgical contexts before its revival. Etruscan remains structurally analyzable despite the disappearance of its speech community. Linear A remains undeciphered yet clearly exhibits systematic linguistic structure. Egyptian hieroglyphs and the [[W:Maya script|Maya script]] were revived not by reconstructing ancient social interactions but by analyzing the conceptual encoding preserved in inscriptions. The work of [[W:Jean-François Champollion|Champollion]] succeeded because the conceptual structure of the language survived even when the social context had vanished. Symbol‑concept mappings, grammatical relations, semantic categories, and morphological patterns remained recoverable. The social action context did not. This alone is enough to show that conceptual encoding is the core of language. A language can also serve purposes that do not require real‑time interaction. It can store knowledge, preserve cosmology, encode ritual, maintain cultural memory, and support scientific or mathematical notation. These functions demonstrate that the purpose of language extends beyond communication and that its structure is not exhausted by its pragmatic uses. A language can encode a worldview even when no one is actively using it to coordinate behavior. The persistence of linguistic structure in the absence of communication shows that the conceptual substrate is not dependent on social action. The error of social‑action‑first theories lies in conflating what language is with what language is used for. They mistake pragmatic use for structural ontology. To claim that language is primarily social action is like claiming that mathematics is primarily engineering or that maps are primarily tourism. These are applications, not definitions. Language can be used for social action, but that does not make social action its foundational structure. The conceptual substrate is the condition of possibility for every linguistic act, including those that are socially performative. The claim that language is not primarily about encoding internal concepts fails because it ignores the logical prerequisites of communication, confuses function with origin, mistakes pragmatic use for structural ontology, cannot explain how linguistic signals become intelligible, cannot account for languages that persist without communication, and is contradicted by the empirical history of decipherment. Language is a conceptual encoding system that enables social action, not a social‑action system that happens to encode concepts. The conceptual substrate is the ontological core of language and the condition of possibility for every linguistic act. cael5iiuzz1hp25bntgxm0q7ohj25ul 4633527 4633523 2026-05-02T15:48:37Z Panic2k4 2865 4633527 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail''' == Language has often been described as a tool for performing social actions, a view associated with strands of thought inspired by [[W:Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] and later developed in various forms of usage‑based and interactional linguistics. These approaches argue that language is not primarily a system for encoding internal concepts but a medium for coordinating behavior. Yet this claim cannot withstand close examination. Every act of communication presupposes a shared conceptual substrate. Without a mapping between symbolic forms and conceptual categories, no utterance could be intelligible, and without intelligibility, no social action could be performed. A protocol without encoding is not a protocol; it is noise. The fact that language can be used for social action does not mean that social action defines its ontology. The logical priority of conceptual encoding becomes clear the moment we consider even the simplest utterance. A request such as “give me that” already presupposes a conceptual structure involving an agent, an object, a relation of transfer, a referential anchor, and an intention. These are not social actions in themselves but the conceptual scaffolding that makes social action possible. The action is built upon the conceptual substrate, not the other way around. To deny this is to imagine that a command could be understood without any shared understanding of what a command is, what an object is, or what giving entails. Communication collapses instantly if conceptual encoding is removed, whereas conceptual encoding remains coherent even in the absence of communication. This becomes even clearer when we consider what a natural language is. Standard definitions of [[W:Natural language|natural languages]] describe them as historically evolving systems with internal structure, shared by a community and capable of generating unlimited expressions. Crucially, natural languages evolve over time independently of any particular communicative event. Phonological drift, semantic shift, grammaticalization, and reanalysis occur whether or not speakers intend to perform social actions. These processes are structural rather than performative. A system that continues to evolve even when not being used for social coordination cannot be defined primarily by its moment‑to‑moment use. The ontology of language is deeper than the interactions that happen to employ it. The independence of language from communication is not theoretical; it is empirical. Languages can and do exist without any living speakers. Latin persisted as a complete linguistic system long after it ceased to be anyone’s native tongue. Coptic survived in liturgical contexts before its revival. Etruscan remains structurally analyzable despite the disappearance of its speech community. Linear A remains undeciphered yet clearly exhibits systematic linguistic structure. Egyptian hieroglyphs and the [[W:Maya script|Maya script]] were revived not by reconstructing ancient social interactions but by analyzing the conceptual encoding preserved in inscriptions. The work of [[W:Jean-François Champollion|Champollion]] succeeded because the conceptual structure of the language survived even when the social context had vanished. Symbol‑concept mappings, grammatical relations, semantic categories, and morphological patterns remained recoverable. The social action context did not. This alone is enough to show that conceptual encoding is the core of language. A language can also serve purposes that do not require real‑time interaction. It can store knowledge, preserve cosmology, encode ritual, maintain cultural memory, and support scientific or mathematical notation. These functions demonstrate that the purpose of language extends beyond communication and that its structure is not exhausted by its pragmatic uses. A language can encode a worldview even when no one is actively using it to coordinate behavior. The persistence of linguistic structure in the absence of communication shows that the conceptual substrate is not dependent on social action. The error of social‑action‑first theories lies in conflating what language is with what language is used for. They mistake pragmatic use for structural ontology. To claim that language is primarily social action is like claiming that mathematics is primarily engineering or that maps are primarily tourism. These are applications, not definitions. Language can be used for social action, but that does not make social action its foundational structure. The conceptual substrate is the condition of possibility for every linguistic act, including those that are socially performative. The claim that language is not primarily about encoding internal concepts fails because it ignores the logical prerequisites of communication, confuses function with origin, mistakes pragmatic use for structural ontology, cannot explain how linguistic signals become intelligible, cannot account for languages that persist without communication, and is contradicted by the empirical history of decipherment. Language is a conceptual encoding system that enables social action, not a social‑action system that happens to encode concepts. The conceptual substrate is the ontological core of language and the condition of possibility for every linguistic act. eh00rfeyq05kmgecgzw97wvuhal7hm6 4633529 4633527 2026-05-02T16:25:03Z Panic2k4 2865 updated 4633529 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail''' == Language is often described as a tool for performing social actions, a view associated with strands of thought inspired by [[W:Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] and later developed in usage‑based and interactional linguistics. These approaches claim that language is not primarily a system for encoding internal concepts but a medium for coordinating behavior. Yet this view collapses under scrutiny. Every communicative act presupposes a shared conceptual substrate. Without a mapping between symbolic forms and conceptual categories, no utterance could be intelligible, and without intelligibility, no social action could occur. A protocol without encoding is not a protocol; it is noise. That language *can* be used for social action does not mean that social action defines its ontology. The logical priority of conceptual encoding becomes clear even in the simplest utterance. A request such as “give me that” presupposes a conceptual structure involving an agent, an object, a transfer relation, a referential anchor, and an intention. These are not social actions in themselves but the conceptual scaffolding that makes social action possible. The action is built upon the conceptual substrate, not the reverse. To deny this is to imagine that a command could be understood without any shared understanding of what a command is, what an object is, or what giving entails. Communication collapses instantly if conceptual encoding is removed, whereas conceptual encoding remains coherent even in the absence of communication. This becomes clearer when we consider what a [[W:Natural language|natural language]] is. Standard definitions describe natural languages as historically evolving systems with internal structure, shared by a community and capable of generating unlimited expressions. Crucially, natural languages evolve independently of any particular communicative event. Phonological drift, semantic shift, grammaticalization, and reanalysis occur regardless of speakers’ intentions. These processes are structural rather than performative. A system that continues to evolve even when not being used for social coordination cannot be defined primarily by its moment‑to‑moment use. The ontology of language is deeper than the interactions that happen to employ it. The independence of language from communication is empirical, not theoretical. Languages can and do exist without living speakers. Latin persisted as a complete linguistic system long after it ceased to be anyone’s native tongue. Coptic survived in liturgical contexts before its revival. Etruscan remains structurally analyzable despite the disappearance of its speech community. Linear A remains undeciphered yet clearly exhibits systematic linguistic structure. Egyptian hieroglyphs and the [[W:Maya script|Maya script]] were revived not by reconstructing ancient social interactions but by analyzing the conceptual encoding preserved in inscriptions. [[W:Jean-François Champollion|Champollion]] succeeded because the conceptual structure of the language survived even when the social context had vanished. Symbol‑concept mappings, grammatical relations, semantic categories, and morphological patterns remained recoverable. The social‑action context did not. This alone shows that conceptual encoding is the core of language. A language can also serve functions that do not require real‑time interaction. It can store knowledge, preserve cosmology, encode ritual, maintain cultural memory, and support scientific or mathematical notation. These uses demonstrate that the purpose of language extends beyond communication and that its structure is not exhausted by pragmatic interaction. A language can encode a worldview even when no one is actively using it to coordinate behavior. The persistence of linguistic structure in the absence of communication shows that the conceptual substrate is not dependent on social action. The error of social‑action‑first theories lies in conflating what language *is* with what language is *used for*. They mistake pragmatic use for structural ontology. To claim that language is primarily social action is like claiming that mathematics is primarily engineering or that maps are primarily tourism. These are applications, not definitions. Language can be used for social action, but that does not make social action its foundational structure. The conceptual substrate is the condition of possibility for every linguistic act, including those that are socially performative. The claim that language is not primarily about encoding internal concepts fails because it ignores the logical prerequisites of communication, confuses function with origin, mistakes pragmatic use for structural ontology, cannot explain how linguistic signals become intelligible, cannot account for languages that persist without communication, and is contradicted by the empirical history of decipherment. Language is a conceptual encoding system that enables social action, not a social‑action system that happens to encode concepts. The conceptual substrate is the ontological core of language and the condition of possibility for every linguistic act. rw3fukl91f4nhg3at6xo6m5c0sw8hbp 4633531 4633529 2026-05-02T16:30:40Z Panic2k4 2865 updated with factual validation 4633531 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Language as Conceptual Encoding: Why Social‑Action‑First Theories Fail''' == Language is often described as a tool for performing social actions, a view associated with strands of thought inspired by [[W:Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] and later developed in usage‑based and interactional linguistics. These approaches claim that language is not primarily a system for encoding internal concepts but a medium for coordinating behavior. Yet this view collapses under scrutiny. Every communicative act presupposes a shared conceptual substrate. Without a mapping between symbolic forms and conceptual categories, no utterance could be intelligible, and without intelligibility, no social action could occur. A protocol without encoding is not a protocol; it is noise. That language *can* be used for social action does not mean that social action defines its ontology. The logical priority of conceptual encoding becomes clear even in the simplest utterance. A request such as “give me that” presupposes a conceptual structure involving an agent, an object, a transfer relation, a referential anchor, and an intention. These are not social actions in themselves but the conceptual scaffolding that makes social action possible. The action is built upon the conceptual substrate, not the reverse. To deny this is to imagine that a command could be understood without any shared understanding of what a command is, what an object is, or what giving entails. Communication collapses instantly if conceptual encoding is removed, whereas conceptual encoding remains coherent even in the absence of communication. This becomes clearer when we consider what a [[W:Natural language|natural language]] is. Standard definitions describe natural languages as historically evolving systems with internal structure, shared by a community and capable of generating unlimited expressions. Crucially, natural languages evolve independently of any particular communicative event. Phonological drift, semantic shift, grammaticalization, and reanalysis occur regardless of speakers’ intentions. These processes are structural rather than performative. A system that continues to evolve even when not being used for social coordination cannot be defined primarily by its moment‑to‑moment use. The ontology of language is deeper than the interactions that happen to employ it. The independence of language from communication is empirical, not theoretical. Languages can and do exist without living speakers. Latin persisted as a complete linguistic system long after it ceased to be anyone’s native tongue. Coptic survived in liturgical contexts before its revival. Etruscan remains structurally analyzable despite the disappearance of its speech community. Linear A remains undeciphered yet clearly exhibits systematic linguistic structure. Egyptian hieroglyphs and the [[W:Maya script|Maya script]] were revived not by reconstructing ancient social interactions but by analyzing the conceptual encoding preserved in inscriptions. [[W:Jean-François Champollion|Champollion]] succeeded because the conceptual structure of the language survived even when the social context had vanished. Symbol‑concept mappings, grammatical relations, semantic categories, and morphological patterns remained recoverable. The social‑action context did not. This alone shows that conceptual encoding is the core of language. The priority of conceptual encoding becomes even more evident when we consider cross‑modal linguistic systems. Natural languages can be transmitted through speech, writing, gesture, or whistling without altering their conceptual structure. Chinese communication provides a clear example: a logographic writing system, a tonal spoken system, regionally developed whistled forms, and culturally standardized hand‑signal systems coexist without contradiction. The conceptual layer is primary; the writing system is one channel, gesture is another, speech is another, and whistling is another. None of these require each other to change because the underlying conceptual categories remain stable across modalities. Whistled languages such as Silbo Gomero (La Gomera), Mazatec whistled speech (Mexico), Turkish “kuş dili” (Black Sea region), Hmong whistled communication (Southeast Asia), and the whistled varieties of Southwestern Mandarin, Hmong‑Mien, Yue‑influenced dialects, and Wu dialects in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan preserve tone, rhythm, syllable count, and conceptual distinctions even when the acoustic signal is radically transformed. These systems arise in ecologies where long‑distance communication is necessary—mountains, forests, agricultural fields, or sparsely populated terrain. The channel adapts to environmental constraints while the conceptual encoding remains intact. A theory that places social action at the core of language cannot account for this cross‑modal invariance; a conceptual‑encoding model can. A language can also serve functions that do not require real‑time interaction. It can store knowledge, preserve cosmology, encode ritual, maintain cultural memory, and support scientific or mathematical notation. These uses demonstrate that the purpose of language extends beyond communication and that its structure is not exhausted by pragmatic interaction. A language can encode a worldview even when no one is actively using it to coordinate behavior. The persistence of linguistic structure in the absence of communication shows that the conceptual substrate is not dependent on social action. The error of social‑action‑first theories lies in conflating what language *is* with what language is *used for*. They mistake pragmatic use for structural ontology. To claim that language is primarily social action is like claiming that mathematics is primarily engineering or that maps are primarily tourism. These are applications, not definitions. Language can be used for social action, but that does not make social action its foundational structure. The conceptual substrate is the condition of possibility for every linguistic act, including those that are socially performative. The claim that language is not primarily about encoding internal concepts fails because it ignores the logical prerequisites of communication, confuses function with origin, mistakes pragmatic use for structural ontology, cannot explain how linguistic signals become intelligible, cannot account for languages that persist without communication, and is contradicted by the empirical history of decipherment. Language is a conceptual encoding system that enables social action, not a social‑action system that happens to encode concepts. The conceptual substrate is the ontological core of language and the condition of possibility for every linguistic act. j9ds00u44uegsar7csajq9s9ij22hx3 2 483054 4633525 2026-05-02T15:43:45Z Panic2k4 2865 started and with wikilinks 4633525 wikitext text/x-wiki # Knowledge, Coordination, and the Human Condition: How Institutions Learned to Control Information Human societies have always depended on knowledge, and wherever knowledge becomes valuable, humans coordinate to control it. This coordination is often labeled “conspiracy,” but the term is misleadingly moralized in modern culture. In its literal and evolutionary sense, a conspiracy is simply a group of agents acting together to preserve advantage. It is neither inherently good nor inherently bad. Its value depends entirely on perspective, and ultimately on whether the species gained or lost from the event. Without an independent arbiter, moral judgments collapse into consequences. What remains is the structural logic of human behavior. The earliest institutional powers emerged not from force alone but from the ability to define, interpret, and restrict meaning. Religious institutions were the first to formalize this logic. Sacred languages such as the Latin of the Western Church, the Sanskrit of Vedic ritual, or the hieratic registers of ancient Egypt were not merely linguistic tools; they were mechanisms for regulating who could speak with authority. A priesthood that alone could read scripture or interpret ritual texts held a monopoly not only over doctrine but over the very structure of meaning. The use of Latin in medieval Europe, preserved in liturgy and scholarship long after it ceased to be a vernacular, created a linguistic boundary between clergy and laity. This was not accidental. It was coordinated behavior that preserved the relevance and authority of those who controlled the language. As societies expanded, the forms of coordination evolved. The rise of legal institutions produced a specialized dialect now known as [[wikipedia:Legal English|Legalese]], a linguistic register whose opacity is not incidental. Its archaic phrasing and technical vocabulary create a barrier that only trained interpreters can cross. The law became a domain where meaning was mediated, and where access to the language of interpretation conferred power. Medicine followed a similar path. Before digitalization standardized medical records, the handwriting of physicians became notorious for its illegibility. This was not simply poor penmanship but a structural feature of a profession in which diagnostic reasoning and pharmacological knowledge were encoded in a script that only insiders could reliably decipher. The medical chart became a semi‑esoteric document, accessible to the initiated and opaque to the patient whose body it described. These patterns extend far beyond the institutional professions. Medieval alchemists developed symbolic notations to conceal their processes, using ideograms and cryptic diagrams to encode chemical knowledge. Their secrecy was partly protective, partly competitive, and partly a reflection of the belief that powerful knowledge should not be freely accessible. Early modern scientists, exchanging discoveries by mail, often used coded language or delayed publication to protect priority claims. Even the correspondence of figures like [[wikipedia:Isaac Newton|Newton]] and [[wikipedia:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]] contains deliberate obfuscations, an acknowledgment that knowledge was both a gift and a weapon. The alchemical manuscript, the coded scientific letter, and the cryptic marginal annotation all belong to the same lineage of coordinated advantage preservation. The apprentice and guild systems of medieval and early modern Europe formalized this logic. Knowledge of a craft, whether in metallurgy, navigation, architecture, or manuscript illumination, was transmitted through controlled channels. The apprentice did not simply learn a skill; they entered a hierarchy designed to regulate who could practice, who could teach, and who could profit. Organizations such as the early stonemason fraternities, later mythologized in the traditions of groups like the [[wikipedia:Freemasonry|Freemasons]], did not invent secrecy; they inherited a human tendency and institutionalized it. Knowledge became a form of capital, and access to that capital was controlled through initiation, ritual, and progression. This behavior is not aberrant. It is the natural outcome of human evolutionary strategy. Humans evolved in environments where resources were scarce, alliances determined survival, and information asymmetry created advantage. In such conditions, the optimal strategy is to cooperate internally, compete externally, and control information flow. When societies scale beyond the size of personal networks, this strategy becomes institutional. Coordination becomes less visible, but no less real. Humans must coexist with non‑aligned or even antagonistic agents, suppressing open aggression while forming alliances that protect relevance and power. Knowledge becomes a resource to defend, and defending it requires coordination. This coordination is what we call conspiracy in its original, neutral sense. Modern professions continue this pattern. Academic writing often narrows concepts to the point of unintelligibility, creating micro‑dialects that only insiders can navigate. Bureaucratic language transforms simple processes into labyrinths of terminology. Scientific fields develop terminologies so specialized that even adjacent disciplines struggle to communicate. These are not deliberate attempts to exclude, but they function as exclusion nonetheless. The apprentice system has not vanished; it has simply changed its vocabulary. The deeper issue is the mismatch between human cognitive limits and the unnatural scale of modern social structures. When knowledge becomes detached from everyday experience, institutions step in to manage the detachment. But the management itself becomes a source of opacity. Coordination emerges not because humans are malicious but because complexity creates opportunities for hierarchy. When only a few can interpret the sacred text, the legal code, the medical chart, the alchemical symbol, or the scientific cipher, only a few can challenge the interpretation. Restricting access to knowledge restricts competition. Restricting competition creates hierarchy. Hierarchy reinforces coordination. The cycle is self‑perpetuating. The antidote is conceptual openness: the deliberate use of concepts in their broadest sense, the refusal to allow unnecessary narrowing, and the insistence that any restriction must be explicit, contextual, and reversible. When knowledge is treated as a shared resource rather than a private asset, the structures of coordinated advantage lose their power. Human institutions will always tend toward the creation of boundaries, but humans themselves are capable of transcending them. The task is not to eliminate expertise but to prevent expertise from becoming a barrier to understanding. It is to build systems where knowledge flows freely, where concepts remain open, and where access is not determined by hierarchy but by curiosity. Only then can we escape the long shadow of the closed temple, the sealed guildhall, and the cryptic manuscript, and reclaim knowledge as a common inheritance rather than a guarded privilege. frwl19o23z6pqcenhlbbyjpbrin8d38 102 483055 4633530 2026-05-02T16:28:31Z Kingaustin07 3388213 Created article 4633530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nigerian Cocoyam and Egg Sauce''' is a type of Nigerian recipe made with cooked/boiled cocoyam and Egg sauce. It is majorly a recipe among the south southern part of Nigeria. == Ingredients == * Cocoyam * Water === Egg Sauce === * Egg * Vegetable oil * Salt * Seasoning * Tomatoes * pepper === Optional Ingredient === * onions == Procedure == # Boil Your Cocoyam with water for 15 to 30 minutes # once its ready, put it down and prepare your egg sauce # Pour your Vegetable oil into the frying pan and allow to heat # Add your mixed Egg, Seasoning, pepper, onions and tomatoes # Stir together until it is completely mixed and ready to be served. grjhr0i8b59qfu481n8mgtyyr4xugmi 4633532 4633530 2026-05-02T16:46:19Z Linason Blessing 3396501 Added categories and wiki link 4633532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nigerian Cocoyam and Egg Sauce''' is a type of Nigerian recipe made with cooked/boiled cocoyam and Egg sauce. It is majorly a recipe among the south southern part of Nigeria. == Ingredients == * Cocoyam * Water === Egg Sauce === * [[Cookbook:Egg|Egg]] * [[Cookbook:Vegetable Oil|Vegetable oil]] * [[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]] * Seasoning * Tomatoes * pepper === Optional Ingredient === * onions == Procedure == # Boil Your Cocoyam with water for 15 to 30 minutes # once its ready, put it down and prepare your egg sauce # Pour your Vegetable oil into the frying pan and allow to heat # Add your mixed Egg, Seasoning, pepper, onions and tomatoes # Stir together until it is completely mixed and ready to be served. [[Category:Easy recipes]] [[Category:Nigerian recipes]] gwg9i6cmiwmh1b1q1mi8owhz5cwkl56 4633579 4633532 2026-05-03T01:37:02Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 incomplete 4633579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incomplete recipe|reason=missing templates, missing links, missing quantities, missing categories, missing instructions, style and formatting issues, what kind of pepper?}} '''Nigerian Cocoyam and Egg Sauce''' is a type of Nigerian recipe made with cooked/boiled cocoyam and Egg sauce. It is majorly a recipe among the south southern part of Nigeria. == Ingredients == * Cocoyam * Water === Egg Sauce === * [[Cookbook:Egg|Egg]] * [[Cookbook:Vegetable Oil|Vegetable oil]] * [[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]] * Seasoning * Tomatoes * pepper === Optional Ingredient === * onions == Procedure == # Boil Your Cocoyam with water for 15 to 30 minutes # once its ready, put it down and prepare your egg sauce # Pour your Vegetable oil into the frying pan and allow to heat # Add your mixed Egg, Seasoning, pepper, onions and tomatoes # Stir together until it is completely mixed and ready to be served. [[Category:Easy recipes]] [[Category:Nigerian recipes]] ru5mcfzyhrmr7ek116q747f8wdjiv2o 3 483056 4633533 2026-05-02T17:18:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Welcoming user with {{Bigwelcome}} 4633533 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align:center; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">[[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]] to Wikibooks, TrulyFlawed!</div> <!-- FIRST COLUMN --> <div style="width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;"> <div style="margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7;"> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">[[File:Crystal Clear app kedit.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''First steps tutorial'''</div> <div style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;"> '''Wikibooks is for [[WB:AGF|collaborative]] development of free&nbsp;[[WB:WIW|textbooks]].''' You do not need technical skills to [[Using Wikibooks|contribute]]. You can [[WB:BOLD|easily change most books]]. Please [[WB:CHAT|introduce yourself]], and let us know what [[WB:PROJECTS|interests you]]. If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our [[Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians|Wikimedia Orientation]] should quickly get you started. </div> </div> <div class="collapsible" style="margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">[[File:Icon apps query.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Getting help'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;"> * Read the [[Using Wikibooks]] book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our [[Help:Contents|help pages]] for more information. * You can get friendly help from the community in the [[WB:HELP|user assistance room]] or our [[irc:wikibooks|IRC channel]]. * Upload freely licensed files to [[commons:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]. You may [[WB:RFP|request permission]] to upload [[w:fair use|fair use]] files locally. Please include author and source {{tl|information}} and a {{nowrap|{{tl|non-free use rationale}}}} for [[WB:FU|non-free]] files. </div> </div> </div> <!-- SECOND COLUMN --> <div style="width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;"> <div class="collapsible" style="margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #14304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">[[File:Nuvola filesystems trashcan full.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Made a mistake?'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;"> * You can [[WB:REVERT|restore]] a previously saved version. * Pages should follow the [[WB:NP|<code>'''Book Title/Chapter Title'''</code>]] naming convention. * Need to rename a page? Use the ''move'' tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for [[WB:HELP|help]]). * To request a page be deleted, add {{tlx|delete|''your reason''}} to the top of the page. * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]], and check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] to find out why. Also check the [[WB:RFD|RFD]] archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at [[WB:RFU]], or ask the administrator who deleted the page. </div> </div> <div class="collapsible selected" style="margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">[[File:Transmission icon.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Goodies, tips and tricks'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;"> * Please fill in [[WB:ES|the edit summary]] and [[WB:PREVIEW|preview]] your edits before saving. * Sign your name on [[WB:TALK|discussion pages]] by typing &#126;&#126;&#126;&#126; * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences|''my preferences'']]; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit ''save''! </div> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both; padding-right:1em; text-align:right; font-size:smaller">(Would you like to provide [[Template talk:Bigwelcome|feedback]] on this message?)</div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:18, 2 May 2026 (UTC) h787qt4tx7yiuwhzbu5vqofdug6fr06 0 483058 4633543 2026-05-02T18:55:00Z AdrielleReina 3580751 Created page with "Terror. Violence. Blood. Death. War takes everything—even your humanity. While a second Civil War rages on in the Former United States of America, other countries are embroiled in World War III. Uncertainty and unrest result in an upheaval there’s no escape from. People have a choose a side, or die. Determined to get vengeance and help salvage what’s left of the world—and herself—Emma Sandalwood joins up with the Motley Rebellion, an independent militant gr..." 4633543 wikitext text/x-wiki Terror. Violence. Blood. Death. War takes everything—even your humanity. While a second Civil War rages on in the Former United States of America, other countries are embroiled in World War III. Uncertainty and unrest result in an upheaval there’s no escape from. People have a choose a side, or die. Determined to get vengeance and help salvage what’s left of the world—and herself—Emma Sandalwood joins up with the Motley Rebellion, an independent militant group that cares for displaced victims of both wars and fights to end the bloodshed. Between keeping herself alive and searching for what little remains of her family, the last thing she needs is to uncover a man-made virus that could turn the tides of war. Betrayal comes in many forms, and the end of humanity is near. ks61viwn3hrwut06ygvkkpaiieby7jl 4633549 4633543 2026-05-02T20:02:52Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Marking for speedy deletion: Nonsense 4633549 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Delete|example=false|Nonsense}}</noinclude> Terror. Violence. Blood. Death. War takes everything—even your humanity. While a second Civil War rages on in the Former United States of America, other countries are embroiled in World War III. Uncertainty and unrest result in an upheaval there’s no escape from. People have a choose a side, or die. Determined to get vengeance and help salvage what’s left of the world—and herself—Emma Sandalwood joins up with the Motley Rebellion, an independent militant group that cares for displaced victims of both wars and fights to end the bloodshed. Between keeping herself alive and searching for what little remains of her family, the last thing she needs is to uncover a man-made virus that could turn the tides of war. Betrayal comes in many forms, and the end of humanity is near. 1x8ldqb8acmwq1xhdiwj4cxdm8hn3pl 0 483059 4633547 2026-05-02T19:57:40Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 Created page with "'''SPEEDY DELETION''' This Wikibook has been subject to attack on several occasions by editors using the speedy deletion policy. Many thousands of hours of effort in prior content creation have potentially been lost and resources diverted from new content creation. More importantly it creates doubt that this Wikibook will continue to exist indefinitely. * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appro..." 4633547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SPEEDY DELETION''' This Wikibook has been subject to attack on several occasions by editors using the speedy deletion policy. Many thousands of hours of effort in prior content creation have potentially been lost and resources diverted from new content creation. More importantly it creates doubt that this Wikibook will continue to exist indefinitely. * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appropriate: [[w:Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] aq9yth93emk2q3r53hdlxyremi9k537 4633548 4633547 2026-05-02T20:01:56Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SPEEDY DELETION''' This Wikibook has been subject to attack on several occasions by editors using the speedy deletion policy. Many thousands of hours of effort in prior content creation have potentially been lost and resources diverted from new content creation. More importantly it creates doubt that this Wikibook will continue to exist indefinitely. * The Wikipedia article on "Speedy deletion" is definitive: [[w:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion|Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] a2h486gaihjudl4lvzqnxzr8x1tolno 4633554 4633548 2026-05-02T20:06:01Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SPEEDY DELETION''' This Wikibook has been subject to attack on several occasions by editors using the speedy deletion policy. Many thousands of hours of effort in prior content creation have potentially been lost and resources diverted from new content creation. More importantly it creates doubt that this Wikibook will continue to exist indefinitely. * The Wikipedia article on "Speedy deletion" is definitive: [[w:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion|Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]] * A further Wikipedia article provides a field guide to interpretation and application of the "Speedy deletion" policy: [[w:Wikipedia:Field_guide_to_proper_speedy_deletion|Wikipedia:Field guide to proper speedy deletion]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] g15vo96hgab8t0uiiv3esb5j8aj1901 4633559 4633554 2026-05-02T20:44:21Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SPEEDY DELETION''' This Wikibook has been subject to attack on several occasions by editors using the speedy deletion policy. Many thousands of hours of effort in prior content creation have potentially been lost and resources diverted from new content creation. More importantly it creates doubt that this Wikibook will continue to exist indefinitely. * The Wikipedia article on "Speedy deletion" is definitive: [[w:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion|Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]] * A further Wikipedia article provides a field guide to interpretation and application of the "Speedy deletion" policy: [[w:Wikipedia:Field_guide_to_proper_speedy_deletion|Wikipedia:Field guide to proper speedy deletion]] * There is currently a draft policy for "Speedy deletion" in Wikibooks: [[b:Wikibooks:Speedy_deletion|Wikibooks:Speedy deletion]] * The discussion about the draft policy for "Speedy deletion" in Wikibooks is here: Note that, once the discussion is finalised * There is a finalised policy on "Deletion" in Wikibooks: [[b:Wikibooks:Deletion_policy|Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] lu8i3ral4591b7t24dct2g4xqc2v12p 3 483060 4633550 2026-05-02T20:02:53Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4633550 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm Kingofnuthin, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:A ballad of inferno and ruin]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>Nonsense</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:A ballad of inferno and ruin|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:Kingofnuthin|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 20:02, 2 May 2026 (UTC) 3fepvcl1dbqs3lo52afzu7w0gm562ec 3 483061 4633552 2026-05-02T20:03:37Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4633552 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm Kingofnuthin, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:The Blowback (American rapper born 1978)]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]]</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:The Blowback (American rapper born 1978)|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:Kingofnuthin|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 20:03, 2 May 2026 (UTC) 88vtofcj3dx8drm3055tk1c5ueefoto 0 483062 4633558 2026-05-02T20:42:24Z Fwueop 3580765 Create 4633558 wikitext text/x-wiki The MK Spiritual Framework, developed by Masrur Kabir (MK Shishir), is a holistic,, scientifically-oriented approach to spiritual energy that integrates five fundamental "Aliments" to enhance cognitive resilience, emotional balance, and spiritual awareness<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Spiritual energy that's create from five aliment:MK Framework |url=https://www.academia.edu/145753948/Spiritual_energy_thats_create_from_five_aliment_MK_Framework |journal=Academic}}</ref> ==== Core Components ==== The Five AlimentsThe framework posits that spiritual energy arises from the synergy of five fundamental components: Presence: Being grounded in the current moment. Compassion: Fostering empathy and kindness. Intention: Directing focus with purpose (Niyyah). Breath/Clarity: Using breath to gain mental clarity. Silence/Awareness: Cultivating stillness to increase awareness.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Five Aliment Human Transformation |url=https://www.academia.edu/164772559/Five_Aliment_Framework_Human_Transformation_The_MK_Framework |journal=Academia edu un}}</ref> ==== Key Features ==== * Scientific Validation: The framework seeks to measure the impact of these components on cognitive resilience and mental health using tools like EEG (electroencephalogram), fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). * Holistic Approach: It bridges the gap between material life and spiritual growth, aiming to ground high-level spiritual insights into practical, everyday reality. * Methodology: It often emphasizes the, "5-7-5 rule," a suggested structure for energy healing: 5 minutes of preparation, 7 minutes of active work, and 5 minutes of integration. * Application: The framework is applied to areas such as temple healing studies (exploring the role of, faith and ritual in psychological well-being), and, holistic healthcare, with proposed, integrated, "MK Hospital" models<ref>{{Cite web |title=MK Hospital |url=https://mkhealinghospital.simdif.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Foundational Principles ==== "Master Power" (The 4-11 Bridge): The framework uses a numerological approach where 'M' (Value 4) symbolizes a, solid foundation and discipline, and 'K' (Value 11) represents, spiritual insight and intuition. Together, they represent the ability to, manifest spiritual insights into tangible outcomes.True Sovereignty: The framework argues that true personal power, or "Sovereignty," is a result of, aligning internal consciousness with external structural, "real-world" action. The framework is associated with the, World Spiritual Central (MK Community), founded on principles of, compassion and holistic, cross-cultural wellness ewjyuq3kaw3ohuh0qe6xy7twml7ls3r 4633775 4633558 2026-05-03T02:46:24Z MathXplore 3097823 Marking for speedy deletion: Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]] 4633775 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Delete|example=false|Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]]}}</noinclude> The MK Spiritual Framework, developed by Masrur Kabir (MK Shishir), is a holistic,, scientifically-oriented approach to spiritual energy that integrates five fundamental "Aliments" to enhance cognitive resilience, emotional balance, and spiritual awareness<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Spiritual energy that's create from five aliment:MK Framework |url=https://www.academia.edu/145753948/Spiritual_energy_thats_create_from_five_aliment_MK_Framework |journal=Academic}}</ref> ==== Core Components ==== The Five AlimentsThe framework posits that spiritual energy arises from the synergy of five fundamental components: Presence: Being grounded in the current moment. Compassion: Fostering empathy and kindness. Intention: Directing focus with purpose (Niyyah). Breath/Clarity: Using breath to gain mental clarity. Silence/Awareness: Cultivating stillness to increase awareness.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Five Aliment Human Transformation |url=https://www.academia.edu/164772559/Five_Aliment_Framework_Human_Transformation_The_MK_Framework |journal=Academia edu un}}</ref> ==== Key Features ==== * Scientific Validation: The framework seeks to measure the impact of these components on cognitive resilience and mental health using tools like EEG (electroencephalogram), fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). * Holistic Approach: It bridges the gap between material life and spiritual growth, aiming to ground high-level spiritual insights into practical, everyday reality. * Methodology: It often emphasizes the, "5-7-5 rule," a suggested structure for energy healing: 5 minutes of preparation, 7 minutes of active work, and 5 minutes of integration. * Application: The framework is applied to areas such as temple healing studies (exploring the role of, faith and ritual in psychological well-being), and, holistic healthcare, with proposed, integrated, "MK Hospital" models<ref>{{Cite web |title=MK Hospital |url=https://mkhealinghospital.simdif.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Foundational Principles ==== "Master Power" (The 4-11 Bridge): The framework uses a numerological approach where 'M' (Value 4) symbolizes a, solid foundation and discipline, and 'K' (Value 11) represents, spiritual insight and intuition. Together, they represent the ability to, manifest spiritual insights into tangible outcomes.True Sovereignty: The framework argues that true personal power, or "Sovereignty," is a result of, aligning internal consciousness with external structural, "real-world" action. The framework is associated with the, World Spiritual Central (MK Community), founded on principles of, compassion and holistic, cross-cultural wellness a38ei4s08smhph1lwex9ftgom2gmz45 0 483063 4633574 2026-05-03T01:34:26Z Kwfd 3577794 Published page, will need expansion later 4633574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{incomplete}} == Introduction == Checkmates are an essential part of the game of Chess as they are the objective of the game. Checkmates is when you are checking the opponent's king and there are no legal moves to get out of checks. Some mating patterns are named. There are 36 named mating patterns in Chess and a handful of well-known early opening checkmates. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=kd|11=ql|20=kl|67=Example of checkmate.}} == Named mating patterns == There are 36 recognized named mating patterns in Chess. === Back rank mate === The back rank mate is when the opponent's king is on its home rank and is being checkmated on that home rank by an opponent's queen or rook, while its escape squares are blocked by pawns or other pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|4=nd|5=ql|9=kd|11=pd|16=pd|17=pd|18=pd|57=pl|58=pl|59=rl|65=kl|67=Example of back rank mate.}} === Epaulette mate === The epaulette mate is when the opponent's king is on ranks 1 or 8 and is checkmated, its escape squares cut off by its own pieces, usually rooks. This checkmate is usually performed by the queen, checking the opponent's king orthogonally while cutting off diagonal escape squares. {{Chess diagram|2=|6=rd|7=kd|8=rd|23=ql|50=pl|66=kl|67=Example of epaulette mate}} === Swallowtail mate === The swallowtail mate is when the opponent's king is not on the edge (a or h-files or ranks 1 and 8) and is checkmated, usually by a queen orthogonally adjacent to the king, its escape squares diagonally blocked by its own pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|28=kl|5=rd|12=kd|20=ql|57=pl|58=pl|67=Example of swallowtail mate.}} === Kill box mate === The kill box mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge checkmated by a rook and defended by a queen, forming a box around the king where the queen and rook control every escape square that the opponent's king could've moved to. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=kd|6=rl|20=ql|26=pd|49=pl|58=pl|65=kl|67=Example of kill box mate.}} === Cozio's mate === The Cozio's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated, usually by a queen diagonally adjacent to it, its orthogonal escape squares blocked by its own pieces. This checkmate is named after Carlos Cozio and is also known as dovetail mate. {{Chess diagram|2=|33=pd|40=qd|41=kd|50=ql|57=kl|67=Example of Cozio's mate.}} === Triangle mate === The triangle mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge of the board and is checkmated by a queen, while a rook defends the queen and cuts off the remaining escape square. The checkmate looks like a triangle between the queen, rook and opponent's king, thus the name. {{Chess diagram|2=|4=kd|11=ql|13=rl|26=pd|65=kl|67=Example of triangle mate.}} === Max Lange mate === The Max Lange mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a bishop which also controls an important potential flight square for the opponent's king. This checkmate is named after German chess player Max Lange. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=ql|16=bl|17=pd|18=kd|26=pd|65=bl|66=kl|67=Example of Max Lange mate.}} === Balestra mate === The Balestra mate is when the opponent's king is on one of the edge ranks (ranks 1 and 8) and is being checkmated by a bishop, while a queen controls most of the king's escape squares. The final position looks similar to a pair of scissors. {{Chess diagram|2=|8=kd|22=bl|25=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Balestra mate.}} === Bucking Bronco mate === The Bucking Bronco mate is when the opponent's king is in the corner of the board and checkmate is delivered by a knight while a queen covers the escape squares that the opponent's king could potentially move to. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=qd|4=nd|10=kd|16=ql|25=nl|65=rl|66=kl|67=Example of Bucking Bronco mate.}} === Sneaky Stallion mate === The Sneaky Stallion mate is similar to the Bucking Bronco mate, but instead of the opponent's king being in the corner, it is on the edge of the board. The opponent's king is checkmated by a knight while the queen covers escape squares and the last escape square is blocked by its own piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=kd|18=pd|24=nl|26=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Sneaky Stallion mate.}} === Damiano's mate === The Damiano's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a friendly piece. The king's potential escape squares are either controlled or blocked. This checkmate is named after Portuguese chess player Pedro Damiano. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=bd|9=kd|17=pd|18=ql|19=pd|25=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Damiano's mate.}} === Lolli's mate === The Lolli's mate is when the opponent's king on the edge is checkmated by a queen orthogonally adjacent while being defended by a friendly pawn. This checkmate is named after Italian chess player Giambattista Lolli. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=qd|9=kd|16=pd|17=ql|18=pd|24=pl|57=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Lolli's mate.}} === Blind swine mate === The blind swine mate is when the opponent's king is on their home rank and is checkmated by a rook on the 7th rank defended by another rook on the 7th rank which also controls a key flight square while the last square for the opponent's king is occupied by a piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=rd|9=kd|17=rl|18=rl|65=kl|67=Example of blind swine mate.}} <noinclude> {{Chess/Navigation|Tactics Exercises|Strategy}} {{BookCat}} 4tjtq82emlzm5qq5vtosxaknkz0o7h5 4633580 4633574 2026-05-03T01:38:15Z Kwfd 3577794 Closed <noinclude> 4633580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{incomplete}} == Introduction == Checkmates are an essential part of the game of Chess as they are the objective of the game. Checkmates is when you are checking the opponent's king and there are no legal moves to get out of checks. Some mating patterns are named. There are 36 named mating patterns in Chess and a handful of well-known early opening checkmates. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=kd|11=ql|20=kl|67=Example of checkmate.}} == Named mating patterns == There are 36 recognized named mating patterns in Chess. === Back rank mate === The back rank mate is when the opponent's king is on its home rank and is being checkmated on that home rank by an opponent's queen or rook, while its escape squares are blocked by pawns or other pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|4=nd|5=ql|9=kd|11=pd|16=pd|17=pd|18=pd|57=pl|58=pl|59=rl|65=kl|67=Example of back rank mate.}} === Epaulette mate === The epaulette mate is when the opponent's king is on ranks 1 or 8 and is checkmated, its escape squares cut off by its own pieces, usually rooks. This checkmate is usually performed by the queen, checking the opponent's king orthogonally while cutting off diagonal escape squares. {{Chess diagram|2=|6=rd|7=kd|8=rd|23=ql|50=pl|66=kl|67=Example of epaulette mate}} === Swallowtail mate === The swallowtail mate is when the opponent's king is not on the edge (a or h-files or ranks 1 and 8) and is checkmated, usually by a queen orthogonally adjacent to the king, its escape squares diagonally blocked by its own pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|28=kl|5=rd|12=kd|20=ql|57=pl|58=pl|67=Example of swallowtail mate.}} === Kill box mate === The kill box mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge checkmated by a rook and defended by a queen, forming a box around the king where the queen and rook control every escape square that the opponent's king could've moved to. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=kd|6=rl|20=ql|26=pd|49=pl|58=pl|65=kl|67=Example of kill box mate.}} === Cozio's mate === The Cozio's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated, usually by a queen diagonally adjacent to it, its orthogonal escape squares blocked by its own pieces. This checkmate is named after Carlos Cozio and is also known as dovetail mate. {{Chess diagram|2=|33=pd|40=qd|41=kd|50=ql|57=kl|67=Example of Cozio's mate.}} === Triangle mate === The triangle mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge of the board and is checkmated by a queen, while a rook defends the queen and cuts off the remaining escape square. The checkmate looks like a triangle between the queen, rook and opponent's king, thus the name. {{Chess diagram|2=|4=kd|11=ql|13=rl|26=pd|65=kl|67=Example of triangle mate.}} === Max Lange mate === The Max Lange mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a bishop which also controls an important potential flight square for the opponent's king. This checkmate is named after German chess player Max Lange. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=ql|16=bl|17=pd|18=kd|26=pd|65=bl|66=kl|67=Example of Max Lange mate.}} === Balestra mate === The Balestra mate is when the opponent's king is on one of the edge ranks (ranks 1 and 8) and is being checkmated by a bishop, while a queen controls most of the king's escape squares. The final position looks similar to a pair of scissors. {{Chess diagram|2=|8=kd|22=bl|25=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Balestra mate.}} === Bucking Bronco mate === The Bucking Bronco mate is when the opponent's king is in the corner of the board and checkmate is delivered by a knight while a queen covers the escape squares that the opponent's king could potentially move to. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=qd|4=nd|10=kd|16=ql|25=nl|65=rl|66=kl|67=Example of Bucking Bronco mate.}} === Sneaky Stallion mate === The Sneaky Stallion mate is similar to the Bucking Bronco mate, but instead of the opponent's king being in the corner, it is on the edge of the board. The opponent's king is checkmated by a knight while the queen covers escape squares and the last escape square is blocked by its own piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=kd|18=pd|24=nl|26=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Sneaky Stallion mate.}} === Damiano's mate === The Damiano's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a friendly piece. The king's potential escape squares are either controlled or blocked. This checkmate is named after Portuguese chess player Pedro Damiano. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=bd|9=kd|17=pd|18=ql|19=pd|25=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Damiano's mate.}} === Lolli's mate === The Lolli's mate is when the opponent's king on the edge is checkmated by a queen orthogonally adjacent while being defended by a friendly pawn. This checkmate is named after Italian chess player Giambattista Lolli. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=qd|9=kd|16=pd|17=ql|18=pd|24=pl|57=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Lolli's mate.}} === Blind swine mate === The blind swine mate is when the opponent's king is on their home rank and is checkmated by a rook on the 7th rank defended by another rook on the 7th rank which also controls a key flight square while the last square for the opponent's king is occupied by a piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=rd|9=kd|17=rl|18=rl|65=kl|67=Example of blind swine mate.}} <noinclude> {{Chess/Navigation|Tactics Exercises|Strategy}} </noinclude> {{BookCat}} 4ycwczcd8nhl0iz4rqru3olecdehjak 4633581 4633580 2026-05-03T01:41:07Z Kwfd 3577794 Fixed grammar 4633581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{incomplete}} == Introduction == Checkmates are an essential part of the game of Chess as they are the objective of the game. Checkmate is when you are checking the opponent's king and there are no legal moves to get out of it. Some mating patterns are named. There are 36 named mating patterns in Chess and a handful of well-known early opening checkmates. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=kd|11=ql|20=kl|67=Example of checkmate.}} == Named mating patterns == There are 36 recognized named mating patterns in Chess. === Back rank mate === The back rank mate is when the opponent's king is on its home rank and is being checkmated on that home rank by an opponent's queen or rook, while its escape squares are blocked by pawns or other pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|4=nd|5=ql|9=kd|11=pd|16=pd|17=pd|18=pd|57=pl|58=pl|59=rl|65=kl|67=Example of back rank mate.}} === Epaulette mate === The epaulette mate is when the opponent's king is on ranks 1 or 8 and is checkmated, its escape squares cut off by its own pieces, usually rooks. This checkmate is usually performed by the queen, checking the opponent's king orthogonally while cutting off diagonal escape squares. {{Chess diagram|2=|6=rd|7=kd|8=rd|23=ql|50=pl|66=kl|67=Example of epaulette mate}} === Swallowtail mate === The swallowtail mate is when the opponent's king is not on the edge (a or h-files or ranks 1 and 8) and is checkmated, usually by a queen orthogonally adjacent to the king, its escape squares diagonally blocked by its own pieces. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|28=kl|5=rd|12=kd|20=ql|57=pl|58=pl|67=Example of swallowtail mate.}} === Kill box mate === The kill box mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge checkmated by a rook and defended by a queen, forming a box around the king where the queen and rook control every escape square that the opponent's king could've moved to. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=kd|6=rl|20=ql|26=pd|49=pl|58=pl|65=kl|67=Example of kill box mate.}} === Cozio's mate === The Cozio's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated, usually by a queen diagonally adjacent to it, its orthogonal escape squares blocked by its own pieces. This checkmate is named after Carlos Cozio and is also known as dovetail mate. {{Chess diagram|2=|33=pd|40=qd|41=kd|50=ql|57=kl|67=Example of Cozio's mate.}} === Triangle mate === The triangle mate is when the opponent's king is on the edge of the board and is checkmated by a queen, while a rook defends the queen and cuts off the remaining escape square. The checkmate looks like a triangle between the queen, rook and opponent's king, thus the name. {{Chess diagram|2=|4=kd|11=ql|13=rl|26=pd|65=kl|67=Example of triangle mate.}} === Max Lange mate === The Max Lange mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a bishop which also controls an important potential flight square for the opponent's king. This checkmate is named after German chess player Max Lange. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=ql|16=bl|17=pd|18=kd|26=pd|65=bl|66=kl|67=Example of Max Lange mate.}} === Balestra mate === The Balestra mate is when the opponent's king is on one of the edge ranks (ranks 1 and 8) and is being checkmated by a bishop, while a queen controls most of the king's escape squares. The final position looks similar to a pair of scissors. {{Chess diagram|2=|8=kd|22=bl|25=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Balestra mate.}} === Bucking Bronco mate === The Bucking Bronco mate is when the opponent's king is in the corner of the board and checkmate is delivered by a knight while a queen covers the escape squares that the opponent's king could potentially move to. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=qd|4=nd|10=kd|16=ql|25=nl|65=rl|66=kl|67=Example of Bucking Bronco mate.}} === Sneaky Stallion mate === The Sneaky Stallion mate is similar to the Bucking Bronco mate, but instead of the opponent's king being in the corner, it is on the edge of the board. The opponent's king is checkmated by a knight while the queen covers escape squares and the last escape square is blocked by its own piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|9=kd|18=pd|24=nl|26=ql|65=kl|67=Example of Sneaky Stallion mate.}} === Damiano's mate === The Damiano's mate is when the opponent's king is checkmated by a queen, defended by a friendly piece. The king's potential escape squares are either controlled or blocked. This checkmate is named after Portuguese chess player Pedro Damiano. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=bd|9=kd|17=pd|18=ql|19=pd|25=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Damiano's mate.}} === Lolli's mate === The Lolli's mate is when the opponent's king on the edge is checkmated by a queen orthogonally adjacent while being defended by a friendly pawn. This checkmate is named after Italian chess player Giambattista Lolli. {{Chess diagram|2=|5=qd|9=kd|16=pd|17=ql|18=pd|24=pl|57=pl|65=kl|67=Example of Lolli's mate.}} === Blind swine mate === The blind swine mate is when the opponent's king is on their home rank and is checkmated by a rook on the 7th rank defended by another rook on the 7th rank which also controls a key flight square while the last square for the opponent's king is occupied by a piece. {{Chess diagram|2=|3=rd|8=rd|9=kd|17=rl|18=rl|65=kl|67=Example of blind swine mate.}} <noinclude> {{Chess/Navigation|Tactics Exercises|Strategy}} </noinclude> {{BookCat}} p6l9wkdsfdkrs0bmavym50d22m1gtk3 0 483064 4633774 2026-05-03T02:27:56Z Japapanese 3580806 80 - Kanji JLPT N5 List 4633774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''80 - Kanji JLPT N5 List''' {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ |'''#''' |'''Kanji''' |'''Onyomi''' |'''Kunyomi''' |'''Kanji Meaning''' |- |1 !日 !nichi, jitsu ニチ, ジツ !hi, -bi, -ka ひ, -び, -か |day, sun, Japan, counter for days |- |2 !一 !ichi イチ !hito(tsu) ひと(つ) |one |- |3 !国 !koku コク !kuni くに |country |- |4 !人 !jin, nin ジン、 ニン !hito ひと |person |- |5 !年 !nen ネン !toshi とし |year, counter for years |- |6 !大 !dai, tai ダイ、 タイ !oo(kii) おお(きい) |large, big |- |7 !十 !juu ジュウ !tou, to とお、 と |ten, 10 |- |8 !二 !ni, ji ニ、 ジ !futa(tsu) ふた(つ) |two, 2 |- |9 !本 !hon ホン !moto もと |book, present, true, counter for long cylindrical things |- |10 !中 !chuu チュウ !naka, uchi, ata(ru) なか、 うち、 あた(る) |in, inside, middle, mean, center |- |11 !長 !chou チョウ !naga(i), osa なが(い)、 おさ |long, leader, superior, senior |- |12 !出 !shutsu, sui シュツ、 スイ !de(ru), da(su), i(deru) で(る)、 だ(す)、 い(でる) |exit, leave, go out |- |13 !三 !san サン !mi(tsu) み(つ) |three, 3 |- |14 !時 !ji ジ !toki, doki とき、 -どき |time, hour |- |15 !行 !kou, gyou, an コウ、 ギョウ、 アン !i(ku), yu(ku), okona(u) い(く)、 ゆ(く)、 おこな(う) |going, journey, carry out, line, row |- |16 !見 !ken ケン !mi(ru), mi(seru) み(る)、 み(せる) |see, hopes, chances, idea, opinion, look at, visible |- |17 !月 !getsu, gatsu ゲツ、 ガツ !tsuki つき |month, moon |- |18 !分 !bun, fun, bu ブン、 フン、 ブ !wa(keru) わ(ける) |part, minute of time, understand |- |19 !後 !go, kou ゴ、 コウ !nochi, ushi(ro), ato のち、 うし(ろ)、 あと |behind, back, later |- |20 !前 !zen ゼン !mae まえ |in front, before |- |21 !生 !sei, shou セイ、 ショウ !i(kiru), u(mu), o(u), ha(eru), nama い(きる)、 う(む)、 お(う)、 は(える)、 なま |life, genuine, birth |- |22 !五 !go ゴ !itsu(tsu) いつ(つ) |five, 5 |- |23 !間 !kan, ken カン、 ケン !aida, ma, ai あいだ、 ま、 あい |interval, space |- |24 !上 !jou, shou, shan ジョウ、 ショウ、 シャン !ue, uwa, kami, a(geru), nobo(ru), tatematsu(ru) うえ、 うわ-、 かみ、 あ(げる)、 のぼ(る)、 たてまつ(る) |above, up |- |25 !東 !tou トウ !higashi ひがし |east |- |26 !四 !shi シ !yo(tsu), yon よ(つ)、 よん |four, 4 |- |27 !今 !kon, kin コン、 キン !ima いま |now; the present |- |28 !金 !kin, kon, gon キン、 コン、 ゴン !kane, kana, gane かね、 かな-、 -がね |gold |- |29 !九 !kyuu, ku キュウ、 ク !kokono(tsu) ここの(つ) |nine, 9 |- |30 !入 !nyuu ニュウ !i(ru), hai(ru) い(る)、はい(る) |enter, insert |- |31 !学 !gaku ガク !mana(bu) まな(ぶ) |study, learning, science |- |32 !高 !kou コウ !taka(i) たか(い) |tall, high, expensive |- |33 !円 !en エン !maru(i) まる(い) |circle, yen, round |- |34 !子 !shi, su, tsu シ、 ス、 ツ !ko, ne こ、 ね |child |- |35 !外 !gai, ge ガイ、 ゲ !soto, hoka, hazu-, to- そと、 ほか、 はず(す)、 と- |outside |- |36 !八 !hachi ハチ !ya(tsu), you や(つ)、 よう |eight, 8 |- |37 !六 !roku ロク !mu(tsu), mui む(つ)、 むい |six, 6 |- |38 !下 !ka, ge カ、 ゲ !shita, shimo, moto, sa(geru), kuda(ru), o(rosu) した、 しも、 もと、 さ(げる)、 くだ(る)、 お(ろす) |below, down, descend, give, low, inferior |- |39 !来 !rai, tai ライ、 タイ !kuru, kitaru, ki, ko く.る、 きた.る、 き、 こ |come, due, next, cause, become |- |40 !気 !ki, ke キ、 ケ !iki いき |spirit, mind, air, atmosphere, mood |- |41 !小 !shou ショウ !chii(sai), ko-, o-, sa- ちい(さい)、 こ-、 お-、 さ- |little, small |- |42 !七 !shichi シチ !nana(tsu), nano なな(つ)、 なの |seven, 7 |- |43 !山 !san, sen サン、 セン !yama やま |mountain |- |44 !話 !wa ワ !hana(su), hanashi はな(す)、 はなし |tale, talk |- |45 !女 !jo ジョ !onnna, me おんな、 め |woman, female |- |46 !北 !hoku ホク !kita きた |north |- |47 !午 !go ゴ !uma うま |noon, sign of the horse |- |48 !百 !hyaku, byaku ヒャク、 ビャク !momo もも |hundred |- |49 !書 !sho ショ !kaku か(く) |write |- |50 !先 !sen セン !saki, ma(zu) さき、 ま(ず) |before, ahead, previous, future, precedence |- |51 !名 !mei, myou メイ、 ミョウ !na な |name, noted, distinguished, reputation |- |52 !川 !sen セン !kawa かわ |river, stream |- |53 !千 !sen セン !chi ち |thousand |- |54 !水 !sui スイ !mizu みず |water |- |55 !半 !han ハン !naka(ba) なか(ば) |half, middle, odd number, semi- |- |56 !男 !dan, nan ダン、 ナン !otoko, o おとこ、 お |male; man |- |57 !西 !sei, sai セイ、 サイ !nishi にし |west |- |58 !電 !den デン ! |electricity; electric powered |- |59 !校 !kou コウ ! |school, exam |- |60 !語 !go ゴ !kata(ru) かた(る) |word, speech, language |- |61 !土 !do, to ド、 ト !tsuchi つち |soil, earth, ground |- |62 !木 !boku, moku ボク、 モク !ki, ko き、 こ- |tree, wood |- |63 !聞 !bun, mon ブン、 モン !ki(ku) き(く) |to hear; to listen; to ask |- |64 !食 !shoku, jiki ショク、 ジキ !k(u), ta(beru), ha(mu) く(う)、 た(べる)、 は(む) |eat, food |- |65 !車 !sha シャ !kuruma くるま |car, wheel |- |66 !何 !ka カ !nani, nan なに、 なん |what |- |67 !南 !nan, na ナン、 ナ !minami みなみ |south |- |68 !万 !man, ban マン、 バン ! |ten thousand, 10,000 |- |69 !毎 !mai マイ !goto(ni) ごと(に) |every |- |70 !白 !haku, byaku ハク、 ビャク !shiro(i) しろ(い) |white |- |71 !天 !ten テン !amatsu あまつ |heavens, sky, imperial |- |72 !母 !bo ボ !haha, kaa はは、 かあ |mother |- |73 !火 !ka カ !hi, bi, ho ひ、 -び、 ほ- |fire |- |74 !右 !u, yuu ウ、 ユウ !migi みぎ |right (direction) |- |75 !読 !doku, toku, tou ドク、 トク、 トウ !yo(mu) よ(む) |to read |- |76 !友 !yuu ユウ !tomo とも |friend |- |77 !左 !sa, sha サ、 シャ !hidari ひだり |left |- |78 !休 !kyuu キュウ !yasu(mu) やす(む) |rest, day off, retire, sleep |- |79 !父 !fu フ !chichi, tou ちち、 とう |father |- |80 !雨 !u ウ !ame, ama あめ、 あま |rain |} rfhlneijaywiyezyos1gx5f2nhhqxs3 3 483065 4633776 2026-05-03T02:46:24Z MathXplore 3097823 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4633776 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:MK Framework]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]]</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:MK Framework|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:46, 3 May 2026 (UTC) btylg25qrrb6tn2gbklo1exqn1vscwh 2 483066 4633778 2026-05-03T02:54:13Z Japapanese 3580806 N5 644-Full VocabularyList 4633778 wikitext text/x-wiki N5 644-Full VocabularyList {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |1 |浴びる |abiru あびる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to bathe, to shower |- |2 |危ない |abunai あぶない |Adjective, い-adjective |dangerous |- |3 |あっち |acchi |Pronoun |over there |- |4 |あちら |achira |Pronoun |there |- |5 |上げる |ageru あげる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to raise; to elevate; to give |- |6 |赤 |aka あか |Noun |red; crimson; scarlet |- |7 |赤い |akai あかい |Adjective, い-adjective |red; crimson; scarlet |- |8 |明るい |akarui あかるい |Adjective, い-adjective |bright; light |- |9 |開ける |akeru あける |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock |- |10 |秋 |aki あき |Noun |autumn; fall |- |11 |開く |aku あく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to open (e.g. doors, business, etc) |- |12 |甘い |amai あまい |Adjective, い-adjective |sweet; sweet-tasting; sugary; naive; indulgent |- |13 |雨 |ame あめ |Noun |rain |- |14 |飴 |ame あめ |Noun |candy |- |15 |あなた |anata |Pronoun |you |- |16 |姉 |ane あね |Noun |older sister; elder sister |- |17 |兄 |ani あに |Noun |elder brother; older brother |- |18 |あの |ano |Pre-noun adjectival |that |- |19 |青 |ao あお |Noun |blue; azure |- |20 |青い |aoi あおい |Adjective, い-adjective |blue; azure |- |21 |アパート |apaato |Noun, Katakana |apartment |- |22 |洗う |arau あらう |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to wash |- |23 |あれ |are |Pronoun |that |- |24 |ある |aru |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to be, to have |- |25 |歩く |aruku あるく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to walk |- |26 |朝 |asa あさ |Noun |morning |- |27 |朝ご飯 |asagohan あさごはん |Noun |breakfast |- |28 |明後日 |asatte あさって |Noun |day after tomorrow |- |29 |足 |ashi あし |Noun |foot; leg; paw; arm |- |30 |明日 |ashita あした |Noun, Temporal noun |tomorrow |- |31 |遊ぶ |asobu あそぶ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to play; to enjoy oneself |- |32 |あそこ |asoko |Pronoun |over there |- |33 |頭 |atama あたま |Noun |head |- |34 |新しい |atarashii あたらしい |Adjective, い-adjective |new; novel; fresh; recent; latest |- |35 |暖かい |atatakai あたたかい |Adjective, い-adjective |warm |- |36 |後 |ato あと |Noun |behind; after; remainder; left; also |- |37 |暑い |atsui あつい |Adjective, い-adjective |hot; sultry |- |38 |厚い |atsui あつい |Adjective, い-adjective |thick |- |39 |熱い |atsui あつい |Adjective, い-adjective |hot |- |40 |会う |au あう |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to meet; to encounter; to see |- |41 |晩ご飯 |bangohan ばんごはん |Noun |dinner; evening meal |- |42 |番号 |bangou ばんごう |Noun |number |- |43 |バス |basu |Noun, Katakana |bus |- |44 |バター |bataa |Noun, Katakana |butter |- |45 |ベッド |beddo |Noun, Katakana |bed |- |46 |勉強 |benkyou べんきょう |Noun, Suru verb |to study |- |47 |便利 |benri べんり |な-adjective |convenient; handy; useful |- |48 |ボールペン |boorupen |Noun, Katakana |ball-point pen |- |49 |ボタン |botan |Noun, Katakana |button |- |50 |帽子 |boushi ぼうし |Noun |hat; cap |- |51 |文章 |bunshou ぶんしょう |Noun |sentence |- |52 |豚肉 |butaniku ぶたにく |Noun |pork |- |53 |病院 |byouin びょういん |Noun |hospital |- |54 |病気 |byouki びょうき |Noun |illness; disease; sickness |- |55 |茶色 |chairo ちゃいろ |Noun |brown |- |56 |茶碗 |chawan ちゃわん |Noun |rice bowl; tea cup; teacup |- |57 |父 |chichi ちち |Noun |father |- |58 |違う |chigau ちがう |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to differ |- |59 |小さい |chiisai ちいさい |Adjective, い-adjective |small; little; tiny |- |60 |小さな |chiisana ちいさな |Pre-noun adjectival |small; little; tiny |- |61 |近い |chikai ちかい |い-adjective |near; close |- |62 |地下鉄 |chikatetsu ちかてつ |Noun |subway; underground train |- |63 |地図 |chizu ちず |Noun |map |- |64 |ちょっと |chotto |Adverb |a little |- |65 |丁度 |choudo ちょうど |Adverb |exactly |- |66 |台所 |daidokoro だいどころ |Noun |kitchen |- |67 |大学 |daigaku だいがく |Noun |university; college |- |68 |大丈夫 |daijoubu だいじょうぶ |Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |OK; okay; alright; problem free |- |69 |大好き |daisuki だいすき |Adjective, な-adjective |love; like; like very much |- |70 |だんだん |dandan |Adverb |gradually |- |71 |誰 |dare だれ |Pronoun |who |- |72 |誰か |dareka だれか |Pronoun |someone; somebody |- |73 |出す |dasu だす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal |- |74 |出口 |deguchi でぐち |Noun |exit; gateway; way out |- |75 |出かける |dekakeru でかける |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to go out; to leave; to depart |- |76 |電気 |denki でんき |Noun |electricity |- |77 |電車 |densha でんしゃ |Noun |train; electric train |- |78 |電話 |denwa でんわ |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |telephone (call / device)l; phone call |- |79 |デパート |depaato |Noun, Katakana |department store |- |80 |出る |deru でる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to leave; to exit; to appear; to go out |- |81 |ドア |doa |Noun, Katakana |door |- |82 |どっち |docchi |Pronoun |which; which one |- |83 |どちら |dochira |Pronoun |which of two |- |84 |どこ |doko |Pronoun |where; what place |- |85 |どなた |donata |Noun |who |- |86 |どの |dono |Pre-noun adjectival |which |- |87 |どれ |dore |Pronoun |which (of three or more) |- |88 |どう |dou |Adverb |how; in what way; how about |- |89 |動物 |doubutsu どうぶつ |Noun |animal |- |90 |どうも |doumo |Adverb |thank you; thanks |- |91 |どうぞ |douzo |Adverb |please |- |92 |土曜日 |doyoubi どようび |Noun |Saturday |- |93 |絵 |e え |Noun |picture |- |94 |ええ |ee |Noun |yes; that is correct; right |- |95 |映画 |eiga えいが |Noun |movie; film |- |96 |映画館 |eigakan えいがかん |Noun |movie theater; cinema |- |97 |英語 |eigo えいご |Noun |English language |- |98 |駅 |eki えき |Noun |station |- |99 |鉛筆 |enpitsu えんぴつ |Noun |pencil |- |100 |エレベーター |erebeetaa |Noun, Katakana |elevator |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |101 |フィルム |firumu |Noun, Katakana |film |- |102 |フォーク |fooku |Noun, Katakana |fork |- |103 |服 |fuku ふく |Noun |clothes |- |104 |吹く |fuku ふく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to blow (of the wind) |- |105 |降る |furu ふる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to fall |- |106 |古い |furui ふるい |い-adjective |old (not used for people) |- |107 |二人 |futari ふたり |Noun |two people; pair; couple |- |108 |二つ |futatsu ふたつ |Noun, Numeric |two; 2 |- |109 |太い |futoi ふとい |Adjective, い-adjective |fat; thick |- |110 |二日 |futsuka ふつか |Noun |the second day of the month / 2 days |- |111 |封筒 |fuutou ふうとう |Noun |envelope |- |112 |冬 |fuyu ふゆ |Noun |winter |- |113 |外国 |gaikoku がいこく |Noun |foreign country |- |114 |外国人 |gaikokujin がいこくじん |Noun |foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese |- |115 |学校 |gakkou がっこう |Noun |school |- |116 |学生 |gakusei がくせい |Noun |student |- |117 |玄関 |genkan げんかん |Noun |entrance |- |118 |元気 |genki げんき |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy |- |119 |月曜日 |getsuyoubi げつようび |Noun |Monday |- |120 |銀行 |ginkou ぎんこう |Noun |bank |- |121 |ギター |gitaa |Noun, Katakana |guitar |- |122 |五 |go ご |Noun, Numeric |five; 5 |- |123 |午後 |gogo ごご |Noun |afternoon; p.m. |- |124 |ご飯 |gohan ごはん |Noun |cooked rice, meal |- |125 |午前 |gozen ごぜん |Noun |morning; a.m. |- |126 |グラム |guramu |Noun, Katakana |gram |- |127 |牛肉 |gyuuniku ぎゅうにく |Noun |beef |- |128 |牛乳 |gyuunyuu ぎゅうにゅう |Noun |(cow's) milk |- |129 |歯 |ha は |Noun |tooth |- |130 |八 |hachi はち |Noun, Numeric |eight: 8 |- |131 |葉書 |hagaki はがき |Noun |postcard |- |132 |母 |haha はは |Noun |mother |- |133 |はい |hai |Noun |yes; that is correct |- |134 |入る |hairu はいる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to enter; to go into |- |135 |灰皿 |haizara はいざら |Noun |ashtray |- |136 |始まる |hajimaru はじまる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to begin |- |137 |初めて |hajimete はじめて |Adverb |for the first time |- |138 |箱 |hako はこ |Noun |box; crate |- |139 |履く |haku はく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to wear, to put on trousers |- |140 |半 |han はん |Noun |half; semi-; half-past |- |141 |花 |hana はな |Noun |flower |- |142 |鼻 |hana はな |Noun |nose |- |143 |話 |hanashi はなし |Noun |talk; speech; chat; conversation |- |144 |話す |hanasu はなす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to speak; to talk; to converse |- |145 |半分 |hanbun はんぶん |Noun |half |- |146 |ハンカチ |hankachi |Noun, Katakana |handkerchief |- |147 |晴れ |hare はれ |Noun |clear weather |- |148 |晴れる |hareru はれる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to be sunny |- |149 |春 |haru はる |Noun |spring; springtime |- |150 |貼る |haru はる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to stick; to paste |- |151 |箸 |hashi はし |Noun |chopsticks |- |152 |橋 |hashi はし |Noun |bridge |- |153 |走る |hashiru はしる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to run |- |154 |二十歳 |hatachi はたち |Noun |20 years old; twenty years old |- |155 |働く |hataraku はたらく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to work |- |156 |二十日 |hatsuka はつか |Noun |twentieth day of the month / 20 days |- |157 |速い |hayai はやい |Adjective, い-adjective |fast; quick; hasty; brisk |- |158 |早い |hayai はやい |Adjective, い-adjective |fast; early |- |159 |辺 |hen へん |Noun |area |- |160 |下手 |heta へた |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |unskillful; poor; awkward |- |161 |部屋 |heya へや |Noun |room |- |162 |左 |hidari ひだり |Noun |left; left hand side |- |163 |東 |higashi ひがし |Noun |east |- |164 |飛行機 |hikouki ひこうき |Noun |airplane; aircraft |- |165 |引く |hiku ひく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to pull |- |166 |弾く |hiku ひく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to play |- |167 |低い |hikui ひくい |い-adjective |short,low |- |168 |暇 |hima ひま |Noun, な-adjective |free time |- |169 |広い |hiroi ひろい |い-adjective |spacious; vast; wide |- |170 |昼 |hiru ひる |Noun |noon; midday; daytime; lunch |- |171 |昼ご飯 |hirugohan ひるごはん |Noun |lunch |- |172 |人 |hito ひと |Noun |person; human |- |173 |一人 |hitori ひとり |Noun, Adverb |one person​; alone; single |- |174 |一つ |hitotsu ひとつ |Noun, Numeric |one thing; only |- |175 |ほか |hoka |Noun |other (place, thing, person); the rest |- |176 |本 |hon ほん |Noun |book; volume; script |- |177 |本棚 |hondana ほんだな |Noun |bookshelf; bookcase |- |178 |本当 |hontou ほんとう |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |truth; reality; actuality; fact |- |179 |欲しい |hoshii ほしい |Adjective, い-adjective |want |- |180 |細い |hosoi ほそい |Adjective, い-adjective |thin; slender |- |181 |ホテル |hoteru |Noun, Katakana |hotel |- |182 |百 |hyaku ひゃく |Noun, Numeric |100; hundred |- |183 |一 |ichi いち |Noun, Prefix, Suffix, Numeric |one; best; first; foremost; start |- |184 |一番 |ichiban いちばん |Noun, Adverb |number one; first; 1st, first place​; best; most |- |185 |一日 |ichinichi いちにち |Noun, Adverbial Noun |one day, all day |- |186 |家 |ie いえ |Noun |house, residence, family |- |187 |いかが |ikaga |Adverb |how; in what way; how about |- |188 |池 |ike いけ |Noun |pond |- |189 |行く |iku いく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to go; to move |- |190 |いくら |ikura |Noun, Adverb |how much?; how many? |- |191 |いくつ |ikutsu |Adverb |how many?,how old? |- |192 |今 |ima いま |Noun, Adverbial Noun |now; the present time; soon |- |193 |意味 |imi いみ |Noun |meaning; significance; sense |- |194 |妹 |imouto いもうと |Noun |younger sister |- |195 |犬 |inu いぬ |Noun |dog |- |196 |入れる |ireru いれる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install |- |197 |入口 |iriguchi いりぐち |Noun |entrance; entry; gate |- |198 |色 |iro いろ |Noun |colour; color |- |199 |色々 |iroiro いろいろ |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |various |- |200 |要る |iru いる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to be needed |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |201 |居る |iru いる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to be, to have |- |202 |医者 |isha いしゃ |Noun |(medical) doctor; physician |- |203 |忙しい |isogashii いそがしい |Adjective, い-adjective |busy |- |204 |一緒 |issho いっしょ |Noun |together; at the same time; same; identical |- |205 |椅子 |isu いす |Noun |chair |- |206 |痛い |itai いたい |Adjective, い-adjective |painful; sore |- |207 |いつ |itsu |Pronoun |when |- |208 |五日 |itsuka いつか |Noun |the fifth day of the month / 5 days |- |209 |五つ |itsutsu いつつ |Noun, Numeric |five; 5 |- |210 |言う |iu いう |Verb, Godan verb |to say; to call |- |211 |嫌 |iya いや |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |unpleasant |- |212 |じゃあ |jaa |Conjunction |then; well; so; well then |- |213 |字引 |jibiki じびき |Noun |dictionary |- |214 |自分 |jibun じぶん |Pronoun |myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself; i; me |- |215 |自動車 |jidousha じどうしゃ |Noun |automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; car |- |216 |時間 |jikan じかん |Noun |time; hour(s) |- |217 |辞書 |jisho じしょ |Noun |dictionary |- |218 |自転車 |jitensha じてんしゃ |Noun |bicycle |- |219 |丈夫 |joubu じょうぶ |Adjective, な-adjective |strong, durable |- |220 |上手 |jouzu じょうず |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at) |- |221 |授業 |jugyou じゅぎょう |Noun, Suru verb |lesson; class work |- |222 |十 |juu じゅう |Noun, Numeric |ten; 10 |- |223 |かばん |kaban |Noun |bag; basket |- |224 |花瓶 |kabin かびん |Noun |a vase |- |225 |角 |kado かど |Noun |a corner; angle |- |226 |帰る |kaeru かえる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to go back |- |227 |返す |kaesu かえす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to return something |- |228 |鍵 |kagi かぎ |Noun |key |- |229 |階段 |kaidan かいだん |Noun |stairs; stairway; staircase |- |230 |買い物 |kaimono かいもの |Noun |shopping; purchased goods |- |231 |会社 |kaisha かいしゃ |Noun |company; corporation |- |232 |掛かる |kakaru かかる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to take (a resource, e.g. time or money) |- |233 |掛ける |kakeru かける |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to hang up; to make (a call)​; |- |234 |書く |kaku かく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to write; to compose; to pen; to draw |- |235 |カメラ |kamera |Noun, Katakana |camera |- |236 |紙 |kami かみ |Noun |paper |- |237 |漢字 |kanji かんじ |Noun |kanji |- |238 |カップ |kappu |Noun, Katakana |cup |- |239 |体 |karada からだ |Noun |body |- |240 |辛い |karai からい |い-adjective |spicy |- |241 |カレー |karee |Noun, Katakana |curry |- |242 |カレンダー |karendaa |Noun, Katakana |calendar |- |243 |借りる |kariru かりる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to borrow |- |244 |軽い |karui かるい |Adjective, い-adjective |light |- |245 |傘 |kasa かさ |Noun |umbrella |- |246 |貸す |kasu かす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to lend; to loan |- |247 |方 |kata かた |Noun |way of doing something |- |248 |家庭 |katei かてい |Noun |household |- |249 |買う |kau かう |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to buy; to purchase |- |250 |川 |kawa かわ |Noun, Suffix |river; stream |- |251 |可愛い |kawaii かわいい |Adjective, い-adjective |cute |- |252 |火曜日 |kayoubi かようび |Noun |Tuesday |- |253 |風 |kaze かぜ |Noun |wind |- |254 |風邪 |kaze かぜ |Noun |a cold |- |255 |家族 |kazoku かぞく |Noun |family; members of a family |- |256 |警官 |keikan けいかん |Noun |policeman; police officer |- |257 |結婚 |kekkon けっこん |Noun, Suru verb |marriage |- |258 |結構 |kekkou けっこう |Noun, Adverbial Noun, Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |splendid, enough |- |259 |今朝 |kesa けさ |Noun, Temporal noun |this morning |- |260 |消す |kesu けす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to erase, to turn off power |- |261 |木 |ki き |Noun |tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber |- |262 |消える |kieru きえる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to disappear |- |263 |黄色い |kiiroi きいろい |Adjective, い-adjective |yellow |- |264 |聞く |kiku きく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to hear; to listen (to music); to ask; to learn of |- |265 |昨日 |kinou きのう |Noun |yesterday |- |266 |金曜日 |kinyoubi きんようび |Noun |Friday |- |267 |切符 |kippu きっぷ |Noun |ticket |- |268 |嫌い |kirai きらい |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |hate |- |269 |綺麗 |kirei きれい |Adjective, な-adjective |pretty; lovely; beautiful |- |270 |キログラム |kiro guramu |Noun, Katakana |kilogram |- |271 |キロメートル |kiro meetoru |Noun, Katakana |kilometer |- |272 |切る |kiru きる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to cut |- |273 |着る |kiru きる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to wear |- |274 |喫茶店 |kissaten きっさてん |Noun |coffee shop; tearoom; cafe |- |275 |北 |kita きた |Noun |north |- |276 |汚い |kitanai きたない |Adjective, い-adjective |dirty |- |277 |切手 |kitte きって |Noun |stamp (postage) |- |278 |こっち |kocchi |Noun |this person or way |- |279 |こちら |kochira |Noun |this way; this direction |- |280 |子供 |kodomo こども |Noun |child |- |281 |声 |koe こえ |Noun |voice |- |282 |ここ |koko |Pronoun |here; this place |- |283 |九日 |kokonoka ここのか |Noun |ninth day of the month / 9 days |- |284 |九つ |kokonotsu ここのつ |Noun, Numeric |nine; 9 |- |285 |困る |komaru こまる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to be troubled |- |286 |今晩 |konban こんばん |Noun |tonight; this evening |- |287 |今月 |kongetsu こんげつ |Noun |this month |- |288 |こんな |konna |Pre-noun adjectival |such; like this |- |289 |この |kono |Pre-noun adjectival |this |- |290 |今週 |konshuu こんしゅう |Noun |this week |- |291 |コーヒー |koohii |Noun, Katakana |Coffee |- |292 |コート |kooto |Noun, Katakana |coat |- |293 |コピー |kopii |Noun, Suru verb, Katakana |copy; photocopy |- |294 |コップ |koppu |Noun, Katakana |glass (drinking vessel); tumbler |- |295 |これ |kore |Pronoun |this |- |296 |答える |kotaeru こたえる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to answer |- |297 |言葉 |kotoba ことば |Noun |word; words |- |298 |今年 |kotoshi ことし |Noun |this year |- |299 |交番 |kouban こうばん |Noun |police box |- |300 |紅茶 |koucha こうちゃ |Noun |black tea |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |301 |公園 |kouen こうえん |Noun |park |- |302 |交差点 |kousaten こうさてん |Noun |intersection |- |303 |口 |kuchi くち |Noun |mouth, opening |- |304 |果物 |kudamono くだもの |Noun |fruit |- |305 |下さい |kudasai ください |Expression |please |- |306 |曇り |kumori くもり |Noun |cloudiness; cloudy weather |- |307 |曇る |kumoru くもる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to become cloudy, to become dim |- |308 |国 |kuni くに |Noun |country; state; region |- |309 |暗い |kurai くらい |Adjective, い-adjective |dark; gloomy; murky |- |310 |クラス |kurasu |Noun, Katakana |class |- |311 |黒 |kuro くろ |Noun |black |- |312 |黒い |kuroi くろい |い-adjective |black |- |313 |来る |kuru くる |Verb, Intransitive verb |to come |- |314 |車 |kuruma くるま |Noun |car; automobile; vehicle |- |315 |薬 |kusuri くすり |Noun |medicine |- |316 |靴 |kutsu くつ |Noun |shoes |- |317 |靴下 |kutsushita くつした |Noun |socks |- |318 |去年 |kyonen きょねん |Noun |last year |- |319 |今日 |kyou きょう |Noun, Temporal noun |today; this day |- |320 |兄弟 |kyoudai きょうだい |Noun |siblings; brothers and sisters​; mate |- |321 |教室 |kyoushitsu きょうしつ |Noun |classroom |- |322 |九 |kyuu きゅう |Noun, Numeric |nine; 9 |- |323 |マッチ |macchi |Noun, Katakana |match |- |324 |町 |machi まち |Noun |town; block; neighborhood |- |325 |窓 |mado まど |Noun |window |- |326 |前 |mae まえ |Noun, Suffix |previous; before; in front; ago |- |327 |曲がる |magaru まがる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to turn, to bend |- |328 |毎朝 |maiasa まいあさ |Noun |every morning |- |329 |毎晩 |maiban まいばん |Noun |every night |- |330 |毎日 |mainichi まいにち |Noun |every day |- |331 |毎週 |maishuu まいしゅう |Noun |every week |- |332 |毎年 |maitoshi / mainen まいとし / まいねん |Noun |every year; yearly; annually |- |333 |毎月 |maitsuki まいつき |Noun |every month; monthly |- |334 |万 |man まん |Noun, Numeric |10,000; ten thousand |- |335 |万年筆 |mannenhitsu まんねんひつ |Noun |fountain pen |- |336 |丸い |marui まるい |Adjective, い-adjective |round,circular |- |337 |真っ直ぐ |massugu まっすぐ |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |straight ahead,direct |- |338 |待つ |matsu まつ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb, Transitive verb |to wait |- |339 |不味い |mazui まずい |Adjective, い-adjective |unpleasant |- |340 |目 |me め |Noun |eye |- |341 |メートル |meetoru |Noun, Katakana |metre; meter |- |342 |眼鏡 |megane めがね |Noun |glasses |- |343 |道 |michi みち |Noun |road; street |- |344 |緑 |midori みどり |Noun |green |- |345 |磨く |migaku みがく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth) |- |346 |右 |migi みぎ |Noun |right; right hand side |- |347 |短い |mijikai みじかい |Adjective, い-adjective |short |- |348 |三日 |mikka みっか |Noun |the third day of the month / 3 days |- |349 |耳 |mimi みみ |Noun |ear; hearing |- |350 |南 |minami みなみ |Noun |south |- |351 |皆さん |minasan みなさん |Noun |everyone |- |352 |みんな |minna |Noun, Adverb |all; everyone; everybody |- |353 |見る |miru みる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe |- |354 |店 |mise みせ |Noun |store; shop; establishment; restaurant |- |355 |見せる |miseru みせる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to show; to display |- |356 |三つ |mittsu みっつ |Noun, Numeric |three; 3 |- |357 |水 |mizu みず |Noun |water; fluid; liquid |- |358 |木曜日 |mokuyoubi もくようび |Noun |Thursday |- |359 |門 |mon もん |Noun |gate |- |360 |問題 |mondai もんだい |Noun |problem; question (e.g. on a test) |- |361 |物 |mono もの |Noun |thing |- |362 |持つ |motsu もつ |Verb, Godan verb |to hold |- |363 |もっと |motto |Adverb |more; longer; further |- |364 |もう一度 |mouichido もういちど |Expression |once more; again |- |365 |六日 |muika むいか |Noun |sixth day of the month / 6 days |- |366 |向こう |mukou むこう |Noun |over there |- |367 |村 |mura むら |Noun |village |- |368 |六つ |muttsu むっつ |Noun, Numeric |six; 6 |- |369 |難しい |muzukashii むずかしい |Adjective, い-adjective |difficult |- |370 |長い |nagai ながい |Adjective, い-adjective |long (distance)​; long (time); lengthy. |- |371 |ナイフ |naifu |Noun, Katakana |knife |- |372 |中 |naka なか |Noun |inside; in; within; center |- |373 |鳴く |naku なく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |animal noise. to chirp |- |374 |無くす |nakusu なくす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to lose (something) |- |375 |名前 |namae なまえ |Noun |name; full name; given name |- |376 |七つ |nanatsu ななつ |Noun, Numeric |seven; 7 |- |377 |何 |nani なに |Noun, Pronoun, Prefix |what |- |378 |七日 |nanoka なのか |Noun |seventh day of the month / 7 days |- |379 |並べる |naraberu ならべる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to line up,to set up |- |380 |並ぶ |narabu ならぶ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to line up,to stand in a line |- |381 |習う |narau ならう |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to be taught; to learn (from a teacher) |- |382 |夏 |natsu なつ |Noun |summer |- |383 |夏休み |natsuyasumi なつやすみ |Noun |summer vacation; summer holiday |- |384 |何故 |naze なぜ |Adverb |why; how |- |385 |猫 |neko ねこ |Noun |cat |- |386 |ネクタイ |nekutai |Noun, Katakana |tie; necktie |- |387 |寝る |neru ねる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to sleep; to go to bed; to lie down |- |388 |二 |ni に |Noun, Numeric |two; 2 |- |389 |日曜日 |nichiyoubi にちようび |Noun |Sunday |- |390 |賑やか |nigiyaka にぎやか |Adjective, な-adjective |bustling,busy |- |391 |日記 |nikki にっき |Noun |diary; journal |- |392 |肉 |niku にく |Noun |meat |- |393 |荷物 |nimotsu にもつ |Noun |luggage; baggage |- |394 |西 |nishi にし |Noun |west |- |395 |庭 |niwa にわ |Noun |garden |- |396 |登る |noboru のぼる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to climb |- |397 |飲み物 |nomimono のみもの |Noun |drink; beverage |- |398 |飲む |nomu のむ |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to drink |- |399 |ノート |nooto |Noun, Katakana |notebook |- |400 |乗る |noru のる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.) |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |401 |脱ぐ |nugu ぬぐ |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to take off clothes |- |402 |温い |nurui ぬるい |Adjective, い-adjective |luke warm |- |403 |ニュース |nyuusu |Noun, Katakana |news |- |404 |おばあさん |obaasan |Noun |grandmother |- |405 |伯母さん |obasan おばさん |Noun |aunt; old lady |- |406 |お弁当 |obentou おべんとう |Noun |lunch box; Japanese box lunch |- |407 |覚える |oboeru おぼえる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to remember |- |408 |お茶 |ocha おちゃ |Noun |tea |- |409 |お風呂 |ofuro おふろ |Noun |bath |- |410 |美味しい |oishii おいしい |い-adjective |delicious |- |411 |伯父さん |ojisan おじさん |Noun |uncle; old man; mister |- |412 |お母さん |okaasan おかあさん |Noun |mother; mom; mum; ma |- |413 |お金 |okane おかね |Noun |money |- |414 |お菓子 |okashi おかし |Noun |confections; sweets; candy |- |415 |起きる |okiru おきる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to get up; to wake up |- |416 |置く |oku おく |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to put; to place |- |417 |奥さん |okusan おくさん |Noun |wife; your wife; his wife |- |418 |お巡りさん |omawari san おまわりさん |Noun |police officer (friendly term for policeman) |- |419 |重い |omoi おもい |い-adjective |heavy |- |420 |面白い |omoshiroi おもしろい |Adjective, い-adjective |interesting |- |421 |同じ |onaji おなじ |Noun, Adverb |same |- |422 |お腹 |onaka おなか |Noun |stomach |- |423 |お姉さん |oneesan おねえさん |Noun |elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am |- |424 |音楽 |ongaku おんがく |Noun |music |- |425 |お兄さん |oniisan おにいさん |Noun |older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy |- |426 |女 |onna おんな |Noun, Prefix |woman; female sex |- |427 |女の子 |onnanoko おんなのこ |Noun, Expression |girl; daughter; young women |- |428 |多い |ooi おおい |Adjective, い-adjective |many; numerous; a lot; large quantity; frequent |- |429 |大きい |ookii おおきい |Adjective, い-adjective |big; large; great; important |- |430 |大きな |ookina おおきな |Pre-noun adjectival |big; large; great |- |431 |大勢 |oozei おおぜい |Noun |crowd of people; great number of people |- |432 |降りる |oriru おりる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to get off |- |433 |お酒 |osake おさけ |Noun |alcohol |- |434 |お皿 |osara おさら |Noun |plate, dish |- |435 |教える |oshieru おしえる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to teach |- |436 |遅い |osoi おそい |Adjective, い-adjective |slow; time-consuming; late |- |437 |押す |osu おす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to push; to press |- |438 |お手洗い |otearai おてあらい |Noun |toilet; restroom; lavatory; bathroom |- |439 |男 |otoko おとこ |Noun |man; male |- |440 |男の子 |otokonoko おとこのこ |Noun, Expression |boy; male child; baby boy |- |441 |大人 |otona おとな |Noun |adult |- |442 |一昨日 |ototoi おととい |Noun |day before yesterday |- |443 |一昨年 |ototoshi おととし |Noun |year before last |- |444 |お父さん |otousan おとうさん |Noun |father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy |- |445 |弟 |otouto おとうと |Noun |younger brother |- |446 |終わる |owaru おわる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to finish; to end |- |447 |泳ぐ |oyogu およぐ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to swim |- |448 |パーティー |paatii |Noun, Katakana |party |- |449 |パン |pan |Noun, Katakana |bread |- |450 |ページ |peeji |Noun, Katakana |page |- |451 |ペン |pen |Noun, Katakana |pen |- |452 |ペット |petto |Noun, Katakana |pet |- |453 |ポケット |poketto |Noun |pocket |- |454 |ポスト |posuto |Noun, Katakana |post |- |455 |プール |puuru |Noun, Katakana |swimming pool |- |456 |来月 |raigetsu らいげつ |Noun |next month |- |457 |来年 |rainen らいねん |Noun |next year |- |458 |来週 |raishuu らいしゅう |Noun |next week |- |459 |ラジオ |rajiio |Noun, Katakana |radio |- |460 |零 |rei れい |Noun |zero |- |461 |冷蔵庫 |reizouko れいぞうこ |Noun |refrigerator |- |462 |レコード |rekoodo |Noun, Katakana |record |- |463 |練習 |renshuu れんしゅう |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |practice; practicing |- |464 |レストラン |resutoran |Noun, Katakana |restaurant |- |465 |立派 |rippa りっぱ |Adjective, な-adjective |splendid |- |466 |六 |roku ろく |Noun, Numeric |six; 6 |- |467 |廊下 |rouka ろうか |Noun |corridor; hallway; passageway |- |468 |旅行 |ryokou りょこう |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour |- |469 |料理 |ryouri りょうり |Noun, Suru verb |cuisine |- |470 |両親 |ryoushin りょうしん |Noun |parents; both parents |- |471 |留学生 |ryuugakusei りゅうがくせい |Noun |overseas student; exchange student |- |472 |さあ |saa |Conjunction |well… |- |473 |財布 |saifu さいふ |Noun |purse; wallet |- |474 |魚 |sakana さかな |Noun |fish |- |475 |先 |saki さき |Noun, Prefix, Suffix |previous; prior; first; earlier |- |476 |咲く |saku さく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to bloom |- |477 |作文 |sakubun さくぶん |Noun |writing; composition |- |478 |寒い |samui さむい |Adjective, い-adjective |cold |- |479 |三 |san さん |Noun, Numeric |three; 3 |- |480 |散歩 |sanpo さんぽ |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |walk; stroll |- |481 |再来年 |sarainen さらいねん |Noun |year after next |- |482 |差す |sasu さす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to stretch out hands, to raise an umbrella |- |483 |砂糖 |satou さとう |Noun |sugar |- |484 |背 |se せ |Noun |height; stature; back; spine |- |485 |背広 |sebiro せびろ |Noun |business suit |- |486 |セーター |seetaa |Noun, Katakana |sweater; jumper |- |487 |生徒 |seito せいと |Noun |pupil; student |- |488 |石鹼 |sekken せっけん |Noun |soap |- |489 |狭い |semai せまい |い-adjective |narrow |- |490 |千 |sen せん |Noun, Numeric |1,000; thousand |- |491 |先月 |sengetsu せんげつ |Noun |last month |- |492 |先生 |sensei せんせい |Noun, Suffix |teacher; instructor; master |- |493 |先週 |senshuu せんしゅう |Noun |last week |- |494 |洗濯 |sentaku せんたく |Noun, Suru verb |washing; laundry |- |495 |写真 |shashin しゃしん |Noun |photograph; photo |- |496 |シャツ |shatsu |Noun, Katakana |shirt |- |497 |シャワー |shawaa |Noun, Katakana |shower |- |498 |四 |shi し |Noun, Numeric |four; 4 |- |499 |七 |shichi しち |Noun, Numeric |seven; 7 |- |500 |仕事 |shigoto しごと |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |work; job; business |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |501 |閉まる |shimaru しまる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to close, to be closed |- |502 |閉める |shimeru しめる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to close; to shut |- |503 |締める |shimeru しめる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to tie; to fasten; to tighten |- |504 |新聞 |shinbun しんぶん |Noun |newspaper |- |505 |死ぬ |shinu しぬ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to die |- |506 |塩 |shio しお |Noun |salt |- |507 |白 |shiro しろ |Noun |white; innocence; innocent person |- |508 |白い |shiroi しろい |Adjective, い-adjective |white |- |509 |知る |shiru しる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to know |- |510 |下 |shita した |Noun |below; down; under; bottom |- |511 |質問 |shitsumon しつもん |Noun, Verb, Suru verb |question; inquiry |- |512 |静か |shizuka しずか |Adjective, な-adjective |quiet |- |513 |食堂 |shokudou しょくどう |Noun |cafeteria; dining room |- |514 |醬油 |shouyu しょうゆ |Noun |soy sauce |- |515 |宿題 |shukudai しゅくだい |Noun |homework; assignment; pending issue |- |516 |そば |soba |Noun |near; beside |- |517 |そっち |socchi |Pronoun |that way; ​over there |- |518 |そちら |sochira |Pronoun |that way (distant from speaker, close to listener); you; your family |- |519 |そこ |soko |Pronoun |that place​; there |- |520 |その |sono |Pre-noun adjectival |that |- |521 |空 |sora そら |Noun |sky; the air |- |522 |それ |sore |Pronoun |that |- |523 |それでは |sore dewa |Expression |in that situation |- |524 |外 |soto そと |Noun |outside; exterior; |- |525 |掃除 |souji そうじ |Noun, Suru verb |to clean, to sweep |- |526 |直ぐに |sugu ni すぐに |Adverb |immediately; right away; instantly |- |527 |水曜日 |suiyoubi すいようび |Noun |Wednesday |- |528 |スカート |sukaato |Noun, Katakana |skirt |- |529 |好き |suki すき |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |like |- |530 |少し |sukoshi すこし |Noun, Adverb |a little (bit); small quantity; few; short distance |- |531 |少ない |sukunai すくない |い-adjective |few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom |- |532 |住む |sumu すむ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to live in; to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide |- |533 |スポーツ |supootsu |Noun, Katakana |sport; sports |- |534 |スプーン |supuun |Noun, Katakana |spoon |- |535 |スリッパ |surippa |Noun, Katakana |slipper; slippers |- |536 |ストーブ |sutoobu |Noun, Katakana |heater; stove |- |537 |吸う |suu すう |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to smoke, to suck |- |538 |座る |suwaru すわる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to sit |- |539 |涼しい |suzushii すずしい |Adjective, い-adjective |refreshing, cool |- |540 |たばこ |tabako |Noun |tobacco; cigarette |- |541 |食べ物 |tabemono たべもの |Noun |food |- |542 |食べる |taberu たべる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to eat |- |543 |多分 |tabun たぶん |Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |perhaps; probably |- |544 |大変 |taihen たいへん |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective, Adverb |very; greatly; terribly; serious; difficult |- |545 |大切 |taisetsu たいせつ |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |important; necessary; indispensable; beloved |- |546 |大使館 |taishikan たいしかん |Noun |embassy |- |547 |高い |takai たかい |Adjective, い-adjective |high; tall; expensive; above average |- |548 |沢山 |takusan たくさん |Noun, Adverbial Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |many |- |549 |タクシー |takushii |Noun, Katakana |taxi |- |550 |卵 |tamago たまご |Noun |eggs; egg |- |551 |誕生日 |tanjoubi たんじょうび |Noun |birthday |- |552 |頼む |tanomu たのむ |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to ask |- |553 |楽しい |tanoshii たのしい |Adjective, い-adjective |enjoyable; fun |- |554 |縦 |tate たて |Noun |length,height |- |555 |建物 |tatemono たてもの |Noun |building |- |556 |立つ |tatsu たつ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to stand; to stand up |- |557 |手 |te て |Noun |hand; arm |- |558 |テーブル |teeburu |Noun, Katakana |table |- |559 |テープ |teepu |Noun, Katakana |tape |- |560 |テープレコーダー |teepu rekoodaa |Noun, Katakana |tape recorder |- |561 |手紙 |tegami てがみ |Noun |Letter (message) |- |562 |天気 |tenki てんき |Noun |weather; the elements |- |563 |テレビ |terebi |Noun, Katakana |television; TV |- |564 |テスト |tesuto |Noun, Suru verb, Katakana |examination; quiz; test |- |565 |戸 |to と |Noun |Japanese style door |- |566 |飛ぶ |tobu とぶ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to fly; to hop |- |567 |トイレ |toire |Noun, Katakana |toilet |- |568 |時計 |tokei とけい |Noun |watch; clock; timepiece |- |569 |時 |toki とき |Noun |time; moment; occasion; chance |- |570 |時々 |tokidoki ときどき |Noun, Adverb |sometimes; at times |- |571 |所 |tokoro ところ |Noun, Suffix |place |- |572 |止まる |tomaru とまる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to stop; to come to a halt |- |573 |友達 |tomodachi ともだち |Noun |friend; companion |- |574 |隣 |tonari となり |Noun |next door to |- |575 |遠い |tooi とおい |Adjective, い-adjective |far |- |576 |十日 |tooka とおか |Noun |tenth day of the month / 10 days |- |577 |鳥 |tori とり |Noun |bird |- |578 |鶏肉 |toriniku とりにく |Noun |chicken meat |- |579 |取る |toru とる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to take; to pick up; to harvest; to earn; to win; to choose |- |580 |撮る |toru とる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to take a photo or record a film |- |581 |年 |toshi とし |Noun |year; age |- |582 |図書館 |toshokan としょかん |Noun |library |- |583 |次 |tsugi つぎ |Noun |next |- |584 |一日 |tsuitachi ついたち |Noun |first day of the month |- |585 |疲れる |tsukareru つかれる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to get tired |- |586 |使う |tsukau つかう |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to use |- |587 |つける |tsukeru |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to turn on |- |588 |付ける |tsukeru つける |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to attach; affix; add; apply |- |589 |着く |tsuku つく |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to arrive at |- |590 |机 |tsukue つくえ |Noun |desk |- |591 |作る |tsukuru つくる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to make |- |592 |詰まらない |tsumaranai つまらない |Adjective, い-adjective |boring |- |593 |冷たい |tsumetai つめたい |い-adjective |cold to the touch |- |594 |勤める |tsutomeru つとめる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to work for someone |- |595 |強い |tsuyoi つよい |Adjective, い-adjective |powerful |- |596 |上 |ue うえ |Noun, Suffix |above; up; over; top; surface |- |597 |生まれる |umareru うまれる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |to be born |- |598 |海 |umi うみ |Noun |sea |- |599 |売る |uru うる |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to sell |- |600 |煩い |urusai うるさい |い-adjective |noisy, annoying |} {| class="wikitable" |'''#''' |'''ごい''' |'''Vocabulary''' |'''Type''' |'''Meaning''' |- |601 |後ろ |ushiro うしろ |Noun |back; behind; rear |- |602 |薄い |usui うすい |Adjective, い-adjective |thin; weak |- |603 |歌 |uta うた |Noun |song |- |604 |歌う |utau うたう |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb, Transitive verb |to sing |- |605 |上着 |uwagi うわぎ |Noun |coat; tunic; jacket; outer garment |- |606 |ワイシャツ |wai shatsu |Noun, Katakana, Wasei |shirt |- |607 |若い |wakai わかい |Adjective, い-adjective |young |- |608 |分かる |wakaru わかる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow |- |609 |悪い |warui わるい |Adjective, い-adjective |bad; poor; undesirable |- |610 |忘れる |wasureru わすれる |Verb, Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |to forget |- |611 |渡る |wataru わたる |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to go across |- |612 |私 |watashi わたし |Pronoun |I; myself |- |613 |渡す |watasu わたす |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to hand over |- |614 |山 |yama やま |Noun |mountain; hill |- |615 |八百屋 |yaoya やおや |Noun |greengrocer; fruit and vegetable shop; versatile |- |616 |やる |yaru |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to do |- |617 |野菜 |yasai やさい |Noun |vegetable |- |618 |易しい |yasashii やさしい |Adjective, い-adjective |easy, simple |- |619 |安い |yasui やすい |Adjective, い-adjective |cheap; inexpensive |- |620 |休み |yasumi やすみ |Noun |rest; vacation; holiday |- |621 |休む |yasumu やすむ |Verb, Godan verb, Intransitive verb |to be absent; to take a day off; to rest |- |622 |八つ |yattsu やっつ |Noun, Numeric |eight: 8 |- |623 |呼ぶ |yobu よぶ |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to call out, to invite |- |624 |良い |yoi/ii よい/いい |Adjective, い-adjective |good |- |625 |四日 |yokka よっか |Noun |fourth day of the month / 4 days |- |626 |横 |yoko よこ |Noun |beside,side,width |- |627 |よく |yoku |Adverb |often, well |- |628 |読む |yomu よむ |Verb, Godan verb, Transitive verb |to read; to guess; to predict; to read (someone's thoughts) |- |629 |夜 |yoru よる |Noun |evening; night |- |630 |四つ |yotsu よつ |Noun, Numeric |four; 4 |- |631 |洋服 |youfuku ようふく |Noun |western clothes |- |632 |八日 |youka ようか |Noun |eighth day of the month / 8 days |- |633 |弱い |yowai よわい |Adjective, い-adjective |weak |- |634 |雪 |yuki ゆき |Noun |snow |- |635 |ゆっくり |yukkuri |Adverb |slowly |- |636 |昨夜 |yuube ゆうべ |Noun |last night |- |637 |郵便局 |yuubinkyoku ゆうびんきょく |Noun |post office |- |638 |夕方 |yuugata ゆうがた |Noun |evening; dusk |- |639 |夕飯 |yuuhan ゆうはん |Noun |evening meal |- |640 |有名 |yuumei ゆうめい |Noun, Adjective, な-adjective |famous |- |641 |雑誌 |zasshi ざっし |Noun |magazine |- |642 |全部 |zenbu ぜんぶ |Noun, Adverbial Noun |all |- |643 |ゼロ |zero |Noun |zero |- |644 |ズボン |zubon |Noun, Katakana |trousers; pants |} dxwqubv42t4bx4pe7hmqepuslu28924 102 483067 4633783 2026-05-03T05:36:53Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipes 4633783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 2 }} {{Recipe}} '''Obe ata''' is a foundational Yoruba pepper stew made with blended peppers and palm oil. It is widely used across Yoruba households as a base for multiple dishes. ==Ingredients== *Fresh tomatoes *Fresh habanero pepper (ata rodo) *Red bell peppers (tatashe) *Onions *Palm oil *Vegetable oil *Locust beans (iru) *Salt *Stock cube *Assorted meat or fish ==Procedure== #Blend tomatoes, peppers, and onions roughly. #Heat palm oil and vegetable oil, then pour in the blended mix. #Fry for 15–20 minutes until reduced. #Add iru, seasoning, and protein. #Simmer until oil rises to the top. #Serve with rice, yam, or bread. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] oij1bk2noldqqjey6ym0xw67phqd6hm 0 483068 4633785 2026-05-03T05:43:16Z ~2026-26891-02 3580831 Created page with "67" 4633785 wikitext text/x-wiki 67 922bk2w68e03mzj63eb84tv879nstuq 4633786 4633785 2026-05-03T05:44:01Z ~2026-26891-02 3580831 Blanked the page 4633786 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4633789 4633786 2026-05-03T05:47:43Z ~2026-26891-02 3580831 4633789 wikitext text/x-wiki This attemps at transposing to the closed Ruy Lopez but 4.Nc3 gives white a comftarable edge. lsm97y9b6i1o8ikufouvlck7rbvbdkk 0 483069 4633787 2026-05-03T05:44:17Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 Created page with "'''NOT A TEXT REPOSITORY''' Criticism has been levelled at this Wikibook as to possible breach of the "Not a text repository" criteria. * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appropriate: [[w:Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy..." 4633787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOT A TEXT REPOSITORY''' Criticism has been levelled at this Wikibook as to possible breach of the "Not a text repository" criteria. * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appropriate: [[w:Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] An exemplar of such criticism is as follows: "It is good that you've attributed the sources, however I have concerns, that the use of extensive quotes from the listed newspapers (especially those after 1930) is pushing the limits of what might be considered "fair dealing" in an academic context." (This in respect of a few hundred article quotes in respect of radio station 2KY Sydney). * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/2KY_Sydney/Notes My broader response is as follows: (1) Fair dealing does not technically apply to public domain articles, it is rather a copyright exception, however the source must be cited otherwise the material has been plagiarised. (2) Material in Trove from radio magazines published prior to 1955 is in the public domain (not subject to copyright), both in Australia and worldwide. (3) It is intended to develop another article which specifically addresses copyright as relevant to this Wikibook. This Wikibook comprises mainly articles of two types: (1) specific radio stations and (2) specific individuals associated with the radio industry: * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations In respect of both these categories typical Wikibook articles will include transcriptions (with brief comments, text correction, minor reformatting and source attribution) of items in the National Library of Australia's Trove. For either radio stations or individuals Trove will have been searched for all references (typically thousands of hits) and all items tagged e.g. "2KY - Sydney" or "Emil Robert Voigt". The most relevant articles will be transcribed (as time is available) and, if transcribed into a particular Wikibook article, further tagged as eg "!Wikibooks 2KY" or "!Wikibooks Voigt". Certainly, the selection of a few hundred Trove items out of tens of thousands of such items, is "fair dealing", constituting less than 1% of available material. Actually it is almost a standard template for professional research. {{BookCat}} qq57d1qe1bsks4tkrhxdl8gwse8dmqr 4633788 4633787 2026-05-03T05:45:13Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOT A TEXT REPOSITORY''' Criticism has been levelled at this Wikibook as to possible breach of the "Not a text repository" criteria. * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appropriate: [[w:Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] An exemplar of such criticism is as follows: "It is good that you've attributed the sources, however I have concerns, that the use of extensive quotes from the listed newspapers (especially those after 1930) is pushing the limits of what might be considered "fair dealing" in an academic context." (This in respect of a few hundred article quotes in respect of radio station 2KY Sydney). * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/2KY_Sydney/Notes My broader response is as follows: (1) Fair dealing does not technically apply to public domain articles, it is rather a copyright exception, however the source must be cited otherwise the material has been plagiarised. (2) Material in Trove from radio magazines published prior to 1955 is in the public domain (not subject to copyright), both in Australia and worldwide. (3) It is intended to develop another article which specifically addresses copyright as relevant to this Wikibook. This Wikibook comprises mainly articles of two types: (1) specific radio stations and (2) specific individuals associated with the radio industry: * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations In respect of both these categories typical Wikibook articles will include transcriptions (with brief comments, text correction, minor reformatting and source attribution) of items in the National Library of Australia's Trove. For either radio stations or individuals Trove will have been searched for all references (typically thousands of hits) and all items tagged e.g. "2KY - Sydney" or "Emil Robert Voigt". The most relevant articles will be transcribed (as time is available) and, if transcribed into a particular Wikibook article, further tagged as eg "!Wikibooks 2KY" or "!Wikibooks Voigt". Certainly, the selection of a few hundred Trove items out of tens of thousands of such items, is "fair dealing", constituting less than 1% of available material. Actually it is almost a standard template for professional research. {{BookCat}} 6784bs10oslfro6n6uiio9vp7cez8ps 4633790 4633788 2026-05-03T06:02:49Z Samuel.dellit 1387936 4633790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOT A TEXT REPOSITORY''' Criticism has been levelled at this Wikibook as to possible breach of the "Not a text repository" criteria. * There is a Wikibooks policy document which includes reference to this particular policy: [[b:Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F#Wikibooks_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_text_repository|Wikibooks is not a text repository]] * The Wikipedia article on "fair dealing" (prescriptive exceptions to copyright) seems both comprehensive and appropriate: [[w:Fair_dealing|Fair dealing]] * The closely related concept of "fair use" (non-prescriptive exceptions to copyright) is addressed in Wikipedia here [[w:Fair_use|Fair use]] * There is a rejected Wikibooks policy or guideline proposal that should not be followed (but includes material of relevance): [[b:Wikibooks:Fair_use_policy|Fair use policy]] * There is a Wikipedia article (including several Wikipedia policies) which indirectly addresses the topic: [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free_content|Non-free content]] An exemplar of such criticism is as follows: "It is good that you've attributed the sources, however I have concerns, that the use of extensive quotes from the listed newspapers (especially those after 1930) is pushing the limits of what might be considered "fair dealing" in an academic context." (This in respect of a few hundred article quotes in respect of radio station 2KY Sydney). * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/2KY_Sydney/Notes My broader response is as follows: (1) Fair dealing does not technically apply to public domain articles, it is rather a copyright exception, however the source must be cited otherwise the material has been plagiarised. (2) Material in Trove from radio magazines published prior to 1955 is in the public domain (not subject to copyright), both in Australia and worldwide. (3) It is intended to develop another article which specifically addresses copyright as relevant to this Wikibook. This Wikibook comprises mainly articles of two types: (1) specific radio stations and (2) specific individuals associated with the radio industry: * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations In respect of both these categories typical Wikibook articles will include transcriptions (with brief comments, text correction, minor reformatting and source attribution) of items in the National Library of Australia's Trove. For either radio stations or individuals Trove will have been searched for all references (typically thousands of hits) and all items tagged e.g. "2KY - Sydney" or "Emil Robert Voigt". The most relevant articles will be transcribed (as time is available) and, if transcribed into a particular Wikibook article, further tagged as eg "!Wikibooks 2KY" or "!Wikibooks Voigt". Certainly, the selection of a few hundred Trove items out of tens of thousands of such items, is "fair dealing", constituting less than 1% of available material. Actually it is almost a standard template for professional research. {{BookCat}} nktyuerc2k6p01rdp96arzusuo679wf 102 483070 4633791 2026-05-03T06:10:17Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe of Efo riro 4633791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Efo riro''' is a rich vegetable soup popular among the Yoruba people, made with leafy greens and assorted meats. ==Ingredients== *Fresh spinach or efo shoko *Palm oil *Pepper mix (tomatoes, tatashe, ata rodo) *Onions *Locust beans (iru) *Assorted meat *Stock fish *Crayfish *Salt and seasoning ==Procedure== #Blend pepper mix and set aside. #Heat palm oil, add iru and onions. #Add blended pepper and fry well. #Add meats and stock fish. #Stir in vegetables and cook briefly. #Serve with pounded yam or eba. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] lxc0imw9joyrnoq6eo032ox2l9jwuh9 102 483071 4633792 2026-05-03T06:15:44Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe 4633792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Gbegiri''' is a smooth bean soup commonly served with amala. ==Ingredients== *Brown beans/White beans *Palm oil *Pepper *Onions *Salt *Stock cube ==Procedure== #Boil beans until soft. #Blend into a smooth paste. #Cook with pepper and palm oil. #Add seasoning and simmer. #Serve with amala and ewedu. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 7b7xb8fuqr9n4ct9ilkgnx28f43qhv9 4 483072 4633796 2026-05-03T08:10:19Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General]] 4633796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Correspondence between John Belton and the Continental Congress == Hello. [[s:Correspondence between John Belton and the Continental Congress]] is probably going to be deleted from Wikisource as out of scope, would Wikibooks be interested in its import? -- [[User:Jan.Kamenicek|Jan.Kamenicek]] ([[User talk:Jan.Kamenicek|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan.Kamenicek|contribs]]) 19:27, 3 March 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Jan.Kamenicek|Jan.Kamenicek]] Thank you for checking! We do not host source texts, so it doesn't look like this would be in scope at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC) q625xsn2b12c79enob66f2o5b8ycauh 102 483073 4633813 2026-05-03T11:14:49Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the Recipes 4633813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ikokore''' is a grated water yam dish native to Ijebu people. ==Ingredients== *Water yam *Palm oil *Dried fish *Crayfish *Pepper *Onions ==Procedure== #Grate water yam into paste. #Prepare pepper sauce with palm oil. #Add fish and seasoning. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] si6bqhhsu1byq7y4enbjnnryjhdqckq 4633814 4633813 2026-05-03T11:16:39Z Royalesignature 3455025 /* Ingredients */ wiki link 4633814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ikokore''' is a grated water yam dish native to Ijebu people. ==Ingredients== *[[Cookbook:Pepper|Water yam]] *Palm oil *Dried fish *Crayfish *Pepper *Onions ==Procedure== #Grate water yam into paste. #Prepare pepper sauce with palm oil. #Add fish and seasoning. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 1iyfvwcwrivx8k9opw8tt5lgqsbfj35 4633815 4633814 2026-05-03T11:19:05Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Restoring revision 4633813 by [[Special:Contributions/Royalesignature|Royalesignature]]: wikilink is wrong 4633815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ikokore''' is a grated water yam dish native to Ijebu people. ==Ingredients== *Water yam *Palm oil *Dried fish *Crayfish *Pepper *Onions ==Procedure== #Grate water yam into paste. #Prepare pepper sauce with palm oil. #Add fish and seasoning. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] si6bqhhsu1byq7y4enbjnnryjhdqckq 4633816 4633815 2026-05-03T11:21:07Z Royalesignature 3455025 /* Ingredients */ wiki link 4633816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ikokore''' is a grated water yam dish native to Ijebu people. ==Ingredients== *Water yam *[[Cookbook:Palm Oil|Palm oil]] *Dried fish *Crayfish *Pepper *Onions ==Procedure== #Grate water yam into paste. #Prepare pepper sauce with palm oil. #Add fish and seasoning. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 1zg7tcj6u67oks56ftzfsb3qfle5ap2 102 483074 4633817 2026-05-03T11:28:03Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe 4633817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ojojo''' is a fried yam dish common in riverine Yoruba areas. ==Ingredients== *Water yam *Pepper *Onions *Salt *Palm oil *Meat (Optional) *Fish (Optional) ==Procedure== #Grate yam and mix with pepper and onions. #Heat oil. #Scoop mixture into oil. #Fry until golden brown. #Serve hot. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 4omj28ekoj7k3ceyqp030ou60zwyp9g 3 483076 4633820 2026-05-03T11:33:02Z Kingofnuthin 3566511 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4633820 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm Kingofnuthin, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Physics Exercises/Current]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>No content</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:Physics Exercises/Current|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:Kingofnuthin|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: lime">kingofnuthin</span>]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|<span style="font-family: Georgia; color: teal">talk</span>]]) 11:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC) 9vzv080cn35rhhse1pl7ljispn89vhy 102 483077 4633821 2026-05-03T11:33:50Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe 4633821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ebiripo''' is a cocoyam-based dish wrapped in leaves. ==Ingredients== *Cocoyam *Palm oil *Crayfish *Pepper *Salt ==Procedure== #Grate cocoyam. #Mix with oil and spices. #Wrap in leaves. #Steam until cooked. #Serve with sauce. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using Crayfish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] hw4rsnzhlzmfpoyis6hmhkfbui8q7om 4633822 4633821 2026-05-03T11:34:13Z Royalesignature 3455025 4633822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Ebiripo''' is a cocoyam-based dish wrapped in leaves. ==Ingredients== *Cocoyam *Palm oil *Crayfish *Pepper *Salt ==Procedure== #Grate cocoyam. #Mix with oil and spices. #Wrap in leaves. #Steam until cooked. #Serve with sauce. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] nofknp3dojz7tguo2bjkouonsyo90pg 102 483078 4633823 2026-05-03T11:44:19Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe 4633823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Stew recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Obe Eja Tutu''' is a Nigerian mild Yoruba fish stew. ==Ingredients== *Fresh fish *Tomatoes *Pepper *Onions *Palm oil ==Procedure== #Prepare pepper mix. #Heat oil and cook mixture. #Add fish gently. #Simmer without breaking fish. #Serve with yam or rice. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes for stew]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] bo28abvx2qc2itnfzaiikklbr8assos 102 483079 4633836 2026-05-03T11:50:49Z Royalesignature 3455025 Created the recipe 4633836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Yoruba recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Adalu''' is a mix of beans and corn cooked together. ==Ingredients== *Beans *Corn *Palm oil *Pepper *Crayfish *Vegetable (Optional) ==Procedure== #Boil beans and corn together. #Add pepper mix and oil. #Season and simmer. #Serve hot. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 0udmmg14sv0pc0mzfglszj6p60zdzf8 4633840 4633836 2026-05-03T11:52:21Z Royalesignature 3455025 4633840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recipe summary | Category = Yoruba recipes | Difficulty = 3 }} {{Recipe}} '''Adalu''' is a Nigerian meal that is common to Yoruba people in Nigeria is a mixture of beans and corn cooked together. ==Ingredients== *Beans *Corn *Palm oil *Pepper *Crayfish *Vegetable (Optional) ==Procedure== #Boil beans and corn together. #Add pepper mix and oil. #Season and simmer. #Serve hot. [[Category:Yoruba recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using fish]] [[Category:Recipes using red bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using green bell pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using onion]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using vegetable oil]] [[Category:Recipes using habanero chile]] 8kr7ysvkq4uv8s80cctze80lsvfj6dl