Esperanto/Appendix/Alphabet and pronunciation

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    <title>Esperanto/Appendix/Alphabet and pronunciation</title>
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      <text bytes="6838" sha1="g1ztljkieqcxcelll0fqjuo039u7ehb" xml:space="preserve">== Alphabet ==

The Esperanto alphabet has 28 letters.

;Uppercase
:A, B, C, Ĉ, D, E, F, G, Ĝ, H, Ĥ, I, J, Ĵ, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, Ŝ, T, U, Ŭ, V, Z
;Lowercase
:a, b, c, ĉ, d, e, f, g, ĝ, h, ĥ, i, j, ĵ, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, ŝ, t, u, ŭ, v, z
;Names
:a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

Four letters from the English alphabet have been dropped &amp;ndash; '''Q''', '''W''', '''X''' and '''Y''' &amp;ndash; and there are six new accented letters: '''Ĉ''', '''Ĝ''', '''Ĥ''', '''Ĵ''', '''Ŝ''' and '''Ŭ'''.
The first five have an angle-shape accent called a ''circumflex'' ('''^''') over them, whilst the last has an accent rather like the bottom part of a circle, which is called a ''breve'' ('''˘''').

All of the accented letters are unique to Esperanto except for ''ŭo'' ('''Ŭ'''), which also exists in Belarusian, and ''ĝo'' ('''Ĝ'''), which also exists in Aleut.
Some of the accented letters may be used in transcription systems for languages that use non-Latin alphabets.
(For example, ''ŝo'' ('''Ŝ''') is used as the ISO 9:1995 transliteration of the Russian Cyrillic letter ''shcha'' ('''Щ''').)

=== Vowels ===

As in English, six letters are vowels ('''A''', '''E''', '''I''', '''O''', '''U, Z'''), and the rest are consonants.
The letter ''ŭo'' ('''Ŭ''') is a consonant, not a vowel.&lt;!-- Note: maybe add sidebar about semivowels? --&gt;

=== Collation ===

Collation in Esperanto is the same as for English, except that the accented characters are counted as separate characters and collated after their non-accented versions.
Collation is as shown in the table above.

== Pronunciation ==

Each letter in Esperanto has only one pronunciation (allowing for cultural variation), and no letters are silent.
There are six dipthongs (see [[#Dipthongs|the next section]]), but their pronunciation follows logically from their constituent letters, except for being shortened into a single syllable.
This means that Esperanto is pronounced just as it is spelled.

Also, each sound has only one way of being written, so it is very easy to spell Esperanto words you hear.

The technical description for these traits is that Esperanto is ''phonetic'' and ''orthographic''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Letter
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sound
!colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Example
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Notes
|-
!Esperanto
!Phonetic
!English
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Vowels
|-
|A
|[[w:Open front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|a}}]], [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|{{IPA|ɑ}}]]
|ah, as in f'''a'''ther
|{{lang eo|'''a'''miko}}
|ah-MI-koh
|friend
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Prounounced like in Spanish 
|-
|E
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|ɛ}}]], [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|e}}]]
|eh, as in b'''e'''t
|{{lang eo|'''e'''gala}}
|eh-GAH-lah
|equal
|-
|I
|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|i}}]]
|ee, as in m'''e'''
|{{lang eo|'''i'''deo}}
|ee-DEH-oh
|idea
|-
|O
|[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|{{IPA|o}}]], [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|{{IPA|ɔ}}]]
|oh, as in r'''o'''bot
|{{lang eo|'''o'''fta}}
|OH'F-tah
|common
|-
|U
|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|{{IPA|u}}]]
|oo, as in b'''oo'''t
|{{lang eo|'''u'''tila}}
|oo-TEE-lah
|useful
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Consonants
|-
|B
|[[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|{{IPA|b}}]]
|b
|{{lang eo|'''b'''ela}}
|BEH-lah
|beautiful
|
|-
|C
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡s}}]]
|ts
|{{lang eo|'''c'''elo}}
|TSEH-loh
|goal
|
|-
|Ĉ
|[[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}]]
|ch
|{{lang eo|'''ĉ'''ielo}}
|chee-EH-loh
|sky
|
|-
|D
|[[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|{{IPA|d}}]]
|d
|{{lang eo|'''d'''iri}}
|DEE-ree
|to say
|
|-
|F
|[[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|{{IPA|f}}]]
|f
|{{lang eo|'''f'''acila}}
|fah-TSEE-lah
|easy
|
|-
|G
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|g}}]]
|g
|{{lang eo|'''g'''aja}}
|GAH-yah
|cheerful
|
|-
|Ĝ
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}]]
|j
|{{lang eo|'''ĝ'''usta}}
|JOOS-tah
|correct
|
|-
|H
|[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|{{IPA|h}}]]
|h
|{{lang eo|'''h'''ela}}
|HEH-lah
|bright
|
|-
|Ĥ
|[[w:Voiceless velar fricative|{{IPA|x}}]]
|ch as in Scottish lo'''ch'''
|{{lang eo|e'''ĥ'''o}}
|E(HKX)-oh
|echo
|Depending on the context, it is sometimes replaced with '''h''' or '''k'''. This letter is not frequent in Esperanto.
|-
|J
|[[w:Palatal approximant|{{IPA|j}}]]
|y
|{{lang eo|'''j'''una}}
|YOO-nah
|young
|''j'' may be pronounced as a semivowel {{IPA|i̯}} after ''a, e, o,'' or ''u'' and before another vowel.
|-
|Ĵ
|[[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʒ}}]]
|zh
|{{lang eo|'''ĵ'''us}}
|ZHOOS
|just, just now
|
|-
|K
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|k}}]]
|k
|{{lang eo|'''k'''ara}}
|KAH-rah
|dear
|
|-
|L
|[[w:Alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|l}}]]
|l
|{{lang eo|'''l'''onga}}
|LOHN-gah
|long
|
|-
|M
|[[w:Bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]]
|m
|{{lang eo|'''m'''ano}}
|MAH-noh
|hand
|
|-
|N
|[[w:Alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]]
|n
|{{lang eo|'''n'''ova}}
|NOH-vah
|new
|
|-
|P
|[[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|{{IPA|p}}]]
|p
|{{lang eo|'''p'''eni}}
|PEH-nee
|to try
|
|-
|R
|[[w:Alveolar tap|{{IPA|r}}]]
|r
|{{lang eo|'''r'''uĝa}}
|ROO-jah
|red
|Roll your tongue, as in Spanish.
|-
|S
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|{{IPA|s}}]]
|s
|{{lang eo|'''s'''uno}}
|SOO-noh
|sun
|
|-
|Ŝ
|[[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʃ}}]]
|sh
|{{lang eo|'''ŝ'''ipo}}
|SHEE-poh
|ship
|
|-
|T
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|{{IPA|t}}]]
|t
|{{lang eo|'''t'''empo}}
|TEHM-poh
|time
|
|-
|Ŭ
|[[w:Labio-velar approximant|{{IPA|w}}]]
|w
|{{lang eo|'''ŭ'''ai}}
|WAH-ee
|to cry “wah!”
|This letter only occurs right before a vowel in mimetic words, onomatopoeia, and the name of the letter &quot;{{lang eo|ŭo}}&quot;; other than that, it only appears in diphthongs as the semivowel {{IPA|u̯}}. In the past, it has been used to pronounce &quot;w&quot; in foreign words (e.g. ''ŭato'' for “watt”), but this has fallen out of favour (in this case, replaced with ''vato'').
|-
|V
|[[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|{{IPA|v}}]]
|v
|{{lang eo|'''v'''eni}}
|VEH-nee
|to come
|
|-
|Z
|[[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|{{IPA|z}}]]
|z
|{{lang eo|'''z'''orgi}}
|ZOHR-gee
|to care
|
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Diphthongs
|-
|AJ
|{{IPA|ai̯}}
|&quot;aye&quot;
|{{lang eo|k'''aj'''}}
|KYE
|and
|
|-
|AŬ
|{{IPA|au̯}}
|&quot;ow&quot;
|{{lang eo|ĉirk'''aŭ'''}}
|CHEER-cow
|around, approximately
|
|-
|EJ
|{{IPA|ei̯}}
|&quot;ey&quot;
|{{lang eo|pl'''ej'''}}
|PLAY
|most
|
|-
|EŬ
|{{IPA|eu̯}}
|&quot;euw&quot;
|{{lang eo|'''Eŭ'''ropo}}
|euw-ROH-poh
|Europe
|This is pronounced much like how Elmer Fudd pronounces the &quot;ew&quot; in &quot;vewwy (very)&quot;.
|-
|OJ
|{{IPA|oi̯}}
|&quot;oy&quot;
|{{lang eo|lingv'''oj'''}}
|LING-voy
|languages
|
|-
|UJ
|{{IPA|ui̯}}
|&quot;oo-ee&quot; as one syllable
|{{lang eo|ĉi'''uj'''}}
|CHEE-(oo'ee)
|all
|
|}

=== Stress ===

The stress on every word is put on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable.

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      <text bytes="6845" sha1="9fmrkq6ivnvpy3we50xpv3ggmw99u7f" xml:space="preserve">== Alphabet ==

The Esperanto alphabet has 28 letters.

;Uppercase
:A, B, C, Ĉ, D, E, F, G, Ĝ, H, Ĥ, I, J, Ĵ, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, Ŝ, T, U, Ŭ, V, Z
;Lowercase
:a, b, c, ĉ, d, e, f, g, ĝ, h, ĥ, i, j, ĵ, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, ŝ, t, u, ŭ, v, z
;Names
:a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

Four letters from the English alphabet have been dropped &amp;ndash; '''Q''', '''W''', '''X''' and '''Y''' &amp;ndash; and there are six new accented letters: '''Ĉ''', '''Ĝ''', '''Ĥ''', '''Ĵ''', '''Ŝ''' and '''Ŭ'''.
The first five have an angle-shape accent called a ''circumflex'' ('''^''') over them, whilst the last has an accent rather like the bottom part of a circle, which is called a ''breve'' ('''˘''').

All of the accented letters are unique to Esperanto except for ''ŭo'' ('''Ŭ'''), which also exists in Belarusian, and ''ĝo'' ('''Ĝ'''), which also exists in Aleut.
Some of the accented letters may be used in transcription systems for languages that use non-Latin alphabets.
(For example, ''ŝo'' ('''Ŝ''') is used as the ISO 9:1995 transliteration of the Russian Cyrillic letter ''shcha'' ('''Щ''').)

=== Vowels ===

As in English, six letters are vowels ('''A''', '''E''', '''I''', '''O''', '''U,''', '''Z'''), and the rest are consonants.
The letter ''ŭo'' ('''Ŭ''') is a consonant, not a vowel.&lt;!-- Note: maybe add sidebar about semivowels? --&gt;

=== Collation ===

Collation in Esperanto is the same as for English, except that the accented characters are counted as separate characters and collated after their non-accented versions.
Collation is as shown in the table above.

== Pronunciation ==

Each letter in Esperanto has only one pronunciation (allowing for cultural variation), and no letters are silent.
There are six dipthongs (see [[#Dipthongs|the next section]]), but their pronunciation follows logically from their constituent letters, except for being shortened into a single syllable.
This means that Esperanto is pronounced just as it is spelled.

Also, each sound has only one way of being written, so it is very easy to spell Esperanto words you hear.

The technical description for these traits is that Esperanto is ''phonetic'' and ''orthographic''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Letter
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sound
!colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Example
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Notes
|-
!Esperanto
!Phonetic
!English
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Vowels
|-
|A
|[[w:Open front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|a}}]], [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|{{IPA|ɑ}}]]
|ah, as in f'''a'''ther
|{{lang eo|'''a'''miko}}
|ah-MI-koh
|friend
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Prounounced like in Spanish 
|-
|E
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|ɛ}}]], [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|e}}]]
|eh, as in b'''e'''t
|{{lang eo|'''e'''gala}}
|eh-GAH-lah
|equal
|-
|I
|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|i}}]]
|ee, as in m'''e'''
|{{lang eo|'''i'''deo}}
|ee-DEH-oh
|idea
|-
|O
|[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|{{IPA|o}}]], [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|{{IPA|ɔ}}]]
|oh, as in r'''o'''bot
|{{lang eo|'''o'''fta}}
|OH'F-tah
|common
|-
|U
|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|{{IPA|u}}]]
|oo, as in b'''oo'''t
|{{lang eo|'''u'''tila}}
|oo-TEE-lah
|useful
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Consonants
|-
|B
|[[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|{{IPA|b}}]]
|b
|{{lang eo|'''b'''ela}}
|BEH-lah
|beautiful
|
|-
|C
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡s}}]]
|ts
|{{lang eo|'''c'''elo}}
|TSEH-loh
|goal
|
|-
|Ĉ
|[[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}]]
|ch
|{{lang eo|'''ĉ'''ielo}}
|chee-EH-loh
|sky
|
|-
|D
|[[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|{{IPA|d}}]]
|d
|{{lang eo|'''d'''iri}}
|DEE-ree
|to say
|
|-
|F
|[[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|{{IPA|f}}]]
|f
|{{lang eo|'''f'''acila}}
|fah-TSEE-lah
|easy
|
|-
|G
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|g}}]]
|g
|{{lang eo|'''g'''aja}}
|GAH-yah
|cheerful
|
|-
|Ĝ
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}]]
|j
|{{lang eo|'''ĝ'''usta}}
|JOOS-tah
|correct
|
|-
|H
|[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|{{IPA|h}}]]
|h
|{{lang eo|'''h'''ela}}
|HEH-lah
|bright
|
|-
|Ĥ
|[[w:Voiceless velar fricative|{{IPA|x}}]]
|ch as in Scottish lo'''ch'''
|{{lang eo|e'''ĥ'''o}}
|E(HKX)-oh
|echo
|Depending on the context, it is sometimes replaced with '''h''' or '''k'''. This letter is not frequent in Esperanto.
|-
|J
|[[w:Palatal approximant|{{IPA|j}}]]
|y
|{{lang eo|'''j'''una}}
|YOO-nah
|young
|''j'' may be pronounced as a semivowel {{IPA|i̯}} after ''a, e, o,'' or ''u'' and before another vowel.
|-
|Ĵ
|[[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʒ}}]]
|zh
|{{lang eo|'''ĵ'''us}}
|ZHOOS
|just, just now
|
|-
|K
|[[w:Voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|k}}]]
|k
|{{lang eo|'''k'''ara}}
|KAH-rah
|dear
|
|-
|L
|[[w:Alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|l}}]]
|l
|{{lang eo|'''l'''onga}}
|LOHN-gah
|long
|
|-
|M
|[[w:Bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]]
|m
|{{lang eo|'''m'''ano}}
|MAH-noh
|hand
|
|-
|N
|[[w:Alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]]
|n
|{{lang eo|'''n'''ova}}
|NOH-vah
|new
|
|-
|P
|[[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|{{IPA|p}}]]
|p
|{{lang eo|'''p'''eni}}
|PEH-nee
|to try
|
|-
|R
|[[w:Alveolar tap|{{IPA|r}}]]
|r
|{{lang eo|'''r'''uĝa}}
|ROO-jah
|red
|Roll your tongue, as in Spanish.
|-
|S
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|{{IPA|s}}]]
|s
|{{lang eo|'''s'''uno}}
|SOO-noh
|sun
|
|-
|Ŝ
|[[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʃ}}]]
|sh
|{{lang eo|'''ŝ'''ipo}}
|SHEE-poh
|ship
|
|-
|T
|[[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|{{IPA|t}}]]
|t
|{{lang eo|'''t'''empo}}
|TEHM-poh
|time
|
|-
|Ŭ
|[[w:Labio-velar approximant|{{IPA|w}}]]
|w
|{{lang eo|'''ŭ'''ai}}
|WAH-ee
|to cry “wah!”
|This letter only occurs right before a vowel in mimetic words, onomatopoeia, and the name of the letter &quot;{{lang eo|ŭo}}&quot;; other than that, it only appears in diphthongs as the semivowel {{IPA|u̯}}. In the past, it has been used to pronounce &quot;w&quot; in foreign words (e.g. ''ŭato'' for “watt”), but this has fallen out of favour (in this case, replaced with ''vato'').
|-
|V
|[[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|{{IPA|v}}]]
|v
|{{lang eo|'''v'''eni}}
|VEH-nee
|to come
|
|-
|Z
|[[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|{{IPA|z}}]]
|z
|{{lang eo|'''z'''orgi}}
|ZOHR-gee
|to care
|
|-
!colspan=&quot;7&quot; |Diphthongs
|-
|AJ
|{{IPA|ai̯}}
|&quot;aye&quot;
|{{lang eo|k'''aj'''}}
|KYE
|and
|
|-
|AŬ
|{{IPA|au̯}}
|&quot;ow&quot;
|{{lang eo|ĉirk'''aŭ'''}}
|CHEER-cow
|around, approximately
|
|-
|EJ
|{{IPA|ei̯}}
|&quot;ey&quot;
|{{lang eo|pl'''ej'''}}
|PLAY
|most
|
|-
|EŬ
|{{IPA|eu̯}}
|&quot;euw&quot;
|{{lang eo|'''Eŭ'''ropo}}
|euw-ROH-poh
|Europe
|This is pronounced much like how Elmer Fudd pronounces the &quot;ew&quot; in &quot;vewwy (very)&quot;.
|-
|OJ
|{{IPA|oi̯}}
|&quot;oy&quot;
|{{lang eo|lingv'''oj'''}}
|LING-voy
|languages
|
|-
|UJ
|{{IPA|ui̯}}
|&quot;oo-ee&quot; as one syllable
|{{lang eo|ĉi'''uj'''}}
|CHEE-(oo'ee)
|all
|
|}

=== Stress ===

The stress on every word is put on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable.

{{BookCat|filing=deep}}</text>
      <sha1>9fmrkq6ivnvpy3we50xpv3ggmw99u7f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Platforms/x86 support</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22115</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640734</id>
      <parentid>4640350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:11:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="220990" sha1="rstlj954r3ujf0oulmpmu5au4v9q611" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


Might be supported on AROS 

*OpenGL4 GPU must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support, which is a hard requirement for GL 4.0. The max last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc (will not unless a developer wants the challenge) 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

Already supported on AROS 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-06 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  some color }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* not working 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quattro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; two versions fermi 96 cores 128bit GF108 and kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 GT 640 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 nvidia test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1050ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works well 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) 	8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) 	GeForce 8400 GS, ION 2, GeForce 205, 210, G 210M, 305M, 310(M), 405
Quadro FX (380 LP, 380M), NVS (300, 2100M, 3100M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 605M, GT 610M GT 620M GT 630M GT 635M GT 645M     
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>rstlj954r3ujf0oulmpmu5au4v9q611</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>112409</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640756</id>
      <parentid>4640307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T01:56:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* A location in a page. */ Replied.</comment>
      <origin>4640756</origin>
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      <text bytes="3585" sha1="th0e25braodx352m98251gmieoqlv1c" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:TECH}} {{TOC left}}
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:: ... &lt;a id=&quot;location&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is a little more compact than span. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:56, 20 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Materials in Electronics/Confined Particles/1D Finite Wells</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640783</id>
      <parentid>4410801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T10:58:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4640783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24677" sha1="539azaebedckk21wk9yxf8l6oc042on" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Finite Potential Well Symmetric.svg|right]]
We have seen the result of an [[Materials_in_Electronics/Confined_Particles/1D_Infinite_Wells|infinite potential well]], but this is not a situation that can exist in real life - a point cannot have infinite potential with respect to another. Let us consider the symmetric finite potential well, right. It is easier mathematically if the well is centred around the origin. As before, the potential in the well (between ''-L'' and ''L'') is 0, but outside the well, it is a finite value, V (equal on both sides):

::&lt;math&gt;V\left( x \right) = \begin{cases}
                              V,\quad x &lt; -L \\
                              0, \quad -L \le x \le L \\
                              V , \quad x &gt; L 
                            \end{cases}
  &lt;/math&gt;

Because the potential outside is finite, an electron ''could'' escape from the well even if its potential was less than V (quantum tunnelling), so we expect to see a wavefunction which does not go to zero at the boundaries of the well.

Let's break up our wavefunction into three pieces, one on each side and one inside the well:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi\left( x \right) = \begin{cases} 
\psi_1\left( x \right), &amp; \quad x&lt;-L \\ 
\psi_2\left( x \right), &amp; \quad -L \le x \le L \\ 
\psi_3\left( x \right), &amp; \quad  x&gt;L 
\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

We will solve each of the wavefunctions separately using Schrödinger's Equation:
{{eqn|@=1|1D Time-Independent Schrödinger's Equation}}
::&lt;math&gt;-\frac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \frac{d^2}{d x^2}\psi\left( x \right) + V(x) \psi = E \psi&lt;/math&gt;

==Inside the Well==

Inside the well, the potential is zero, so we can rewrite Schrödinger's Equation as follows:

::&lt;math&gt;-\frac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \frac{d^2}{d x^2} \psi_2\left( x \right) = E \psi_2 &lt;/math&gt;

Rearranging,

::&lt;math&gt;{{d^2} \over {dx^2 }}\psi_2 \left( x \right) =  - {{2mE} \over \hbar^2 }\psi_2 \left( x \right)&lt;/math&gt;

Recall that the energy is given by

::{|
|&lt;math&gt;E\,&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt; = T\left( x \right) + V\left( x \right)\,&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt; = {{\hbar ^2 k^2 } \over {2m}}&lt;/math&gt;
|}

Substituting for ''E'' in our differential equation gives:

::&lt;math&gt;{{d^2 \psi_2 \left( x \right)} \over {dx^2 }} =  - k^2 \psi_2 \left( x \right)&lt;/math&gt;

This is now a second-order differential equation with a standard form. The general solution is given by:

{{eqn|@=2|General Solution for ψ_2}}

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin{kx} + B \cos{kx}&lt;/math&gt;

The energies here are

::&lt;math&gt;E = \frac{k^2 \hbar^2}{2m} &lt;/math&gt;

In this general solution, ''A'' and ''B'' can be any [[w:complex number|complex number]]s, and ''k'' can be any [[w:real number|real number]].

==Outside the Well==

We will now look at the region with the wavefunction &amp;psi;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, i.e. to the left. The region to the right of the well will have an identical derivation. For the region outside of the box to the left, since the potential is constant, ''V''(''x'') = V our statement of Schrödinger's Equation becomes:

::&lt;math&gt;-\frac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \frac{d^2}{d x^2}\psi_1\left( x \right) = (E - V) \psi_1 &lt;/math&gt;

There are two possible families of solutions, depending on whether ''E'' is less than ''V'' (the particle is bound in the potential well) or ''E'' is greater than ''V'' (the particle is free).

===Unbound State===

For a free particle, ''E'' &gt;'' V'', and letting
::&lt;math&gt;\kappa^2=\frac{2m(E - V)}{\hbar^2}&lt;/math&gt;
produces
::&lt;math&gt;\frac{d^2}{d x^2} \psi_1 \left(x \right) = -\kappa^2 \psi_1 &lt;/math&gt;
with the same solution form as inside the well:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 = C \sin(\kappa x) + D \cos(\kappa x)\quad&lt;/math&gt;  

===Bound State===

This analysis will first focus on the bound state, where ''E''-''V''. Letting
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha^2 = \frac{2m(V - E)}{\hbar^2}&lt;/math&gt; 
produces
::&lt;math&gt;\frac{d^2}{d x^2} \psi_1\left(x \right) = \alpha^2 \psi_1\left(x \right) &lt;/math&gt;
where the general solution is exponential:
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1\left(x \right) = Fe^{- \alpha x}+ Ge^{ \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Similarly, for the other region outside the box:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3\left(x \right) = He^{- \alpha x}+ Ie^{ \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Now in order to find the specific solution for the problem at hand, we must specify the appropriate boundary conditions and find the values for ''A'' , ''B'' , ''F'' , ''G'' , ''H'' and ''I'' that satisfy those conditions.

==Finding Wavefunctions for the Bound State==
Solutions to the Schrödinger Equation must be continuous, and continuously differentiable. These requirements are [[w:boundary condition|boundary condition]]s on the differential equations previously derived.

In this case, the finite potential well is symmetrical, so symmetry can be exploited to reduce the necessary calculations, by choosing wavefunctions of well defined parity.

Summarizing the previous sections:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi\left( x \right) = \begin{cases} 
\psi_1\left( x \right), &amp; \quad x&lt;-L \\ 
\psi_2\left( x \right), &amp; \quad -L \le x \le L \\ 
\psi_3\left( x \right), &amp; \quad  x&gt;L 
\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

where we found the wavefunctions for the bound state, &lt;math&gt;\psi_1, \psi_2 \,\!&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \,\!&lt;/math&gt; to be:
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = Fe^{- \alpha x} + Ge^{ \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin(kx)      + B \cos(kx)\quad&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = He^{- \alpha x} + Ie^{ \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Where 

::&lt;math&gt;k=\frac{\sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar}&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{2m(V - E)}}{\hbar}&lt;/math&gt;

We see that as ''x'' goes to &lt;math&gt;-\infty&lt;/math&gt;, the ''F'' term goes to infinity. Likewise, as ''x'' goes to &lt;math&gt;+\infty&lt;/math&gt;, the ''I'' term goes to infinity. As the wave function must be finite for all ''x'', this means we must set ''F'' = ''I'' = 0, and we have:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = G e^{  \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin(kx)      + B \cos(kx)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = H e^{- \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Next, we know that the overall &lt;math&gt;\psi \,\!&lt;/math&gt; function must be continuous and differentiable. In other words the values of the functions and their derivatives must match up at the dividing points:

::{| cellpadding=4
| &lt;math&gt;\psi_1(-L) = \psi_2(-L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|width=75|
| &lt;math&gt;\psi_2(L) = \psi_3(L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|- 
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{d\psi_1}{dx}(-L) = \frac{d\psi_2}{dx}(-L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{d\psi_2}{dx}(L) = \frac{d\psi_3}{dx}(L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|}

Firstly, we need to recall that there must exist wavefunction solutions with well defined [[Materials_in_Electronics/Confined_Particles/Parity|parity]], odd '''or''' even. Since the sine function is odd and the cosine function is even, we can search for a wavefunction solution in the well of the form of sine or cosine. We can now analyse the even and odd wavefunctions separately. It will be shown that for bound states, the even an odd solutions always have different energies. This means there is no degeneracy, and thus there are no bound eigen-states which are a linear combination of sine and cosine, and all bound states have well defined parity. Below is a diagram showing an even parity wavefunction against an odd parity wavefunction. These are illustrative only and do not necessarily relate to the given problem, they are meant to confer the symmetry of the wavefunctions only.

[[image:Even vs Odd Parity.svg|center]]

===Even Wavefunctions===

The wavefunction for the even solution has no odd (sine) components, so the three wavefunctions are now:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = G e^{  \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = B \cos(kx)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = H e^{- \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Let us now consider the conditions requiring continuity of the wavefunction at the two &quot;joining points&quot;:

::&lt;math&gt;G e^{-\alpha L}=B \cos(-kL)\,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;H e^{-\alpha L}=B \cos( kL)\,&lt;/math&gt;

Since the cosine function is even, the two equations have the same right hand side. So we have

::&lt;math&gt;G e^{-\alpha L}=H e^{-\alpha L}\,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;G = H \,&lt;/math&gt;

The conditions of continuity of the derivatives at the boundaries give us the following:

::&lt;math&gt;\alpha G e^{-\alpha L}=-kB \sin(-kL)\,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha H e^{-\alpha L}= kB \sin(kL)\,&lt;/math&gt;

Given the equality of G and H, we can now divide any equation from the second conditions by any from the first conditions. I will choose the first equations from each set:

::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha G e^{-\alpha L}}{G e^{-\alpha L}}=\frac{-kB \sin(-kL)}{B \cos(-kL)}&lt;/math&gt;

We now have an expression for ''&amp;alpha;'' (recall that the tan function is odd, so the negatives cancel):

::&lt;math&gt;\alpha = k \tan \left( kL \right),&lt;/math&gt;

where

::&lt;math&gt;k=\frac{\sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar}&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{2m(V - E)}}{\hbar}&lt;/math&gt;

This can be reduced to the following equations:

::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k} = \tan \left( kL \right),&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{V-E}{E}}=\tan \left( \frac{\sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar}L \right)&lt;/math&gt;

An even parity wavefunction exists at the energies (E) that satisfy this equation. This equation is extremely difficult to solve analytically, but can readiliy be solved numerically or graphically. This will be done later. First, we will derive the odd parity wavefunctions.

===Odd Wavefunctions===

The wavefunction for the odd solution has no even (cosine) components, so the three wavefunctions are now:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = G e^{  \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin(kx)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = H e^{- \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Let us now consider the conditions requiring continuity of the wavefunction at the two &quot;joining points&quot;:

::&lt;math&gt;G e^{-\alpha L}=A \sin(-kL) \,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;-H e^{-\alpha L}=A \sin( kL) \,&lt;/math&gt;

Since sine is an odd function, we can see that

::&lt;math&gt;G e^{-\alpha L}=-H e^{-\alpha L} \,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;G=-H \,&lt;/math&gt;

The conditions of continuity of the derivatives at the boundaries give us the following:

::&lt;math&gt;\alpha G e^{-\alpha L}=kA \cos(-kL) \,&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha H e^{-\alpha L}=kA \cos(kL) \,&lt;/math&gt;

Dividing the first equation from the second by the first equation from the first set (any combination would do), we get:

::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha G e^{-\alpha L}}{G e^{-\alpha L}}=\frac{kA \cos(-kL)}{A \sin(-kL)}&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\alpha=k \cot \left( -kL \right) \,&lt;/math&gt;

And because cot is an odd function,

::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k}=-\cot \left(kL \right)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{V-E}{E}}=-\cot \left( \frac{\sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar}L \right)&lt;/math&gt;

An odd parity wavefunction exists whenever the energy satisfies this condition. As with the even wavefunction, this is not a trival equation to solve analytically, but can be solved graphically or numerically.

==Graphical Solution for Energy Levels==

Let us quickly restate our objectives here. We wish to find the energies of the bound states of an electron in a finite square well. An energy level exists only when one of the following conditions is satisfied:

{{eqn|Condition for an Even Wavefunction to Exist}}
::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k}=\tan \left(kL \right)&lt;/math&gt;
{{eqn|Condition for an Odd Wavefunction to Exist}}
::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k}=-\cot \left(kL \right)&lt;/math&gt;

We can plot the three functions together on a graph against energy, ''E''. The conditions are satisfied at the crossing points as shown below. We therefore can find the allowed energy levels by reading the energy at the crossings. Before we can plot a graph, we need to choose some properties of our system. Let us set the width of the well to be 0.4nm in total (''L''=0.2nm) and set the potential barrier,''V'', to 75eV.

[[image:Finite Well Graphical Solution (75eV, 0.4nm).svg|center]]

We see that there are six permitted energy states: even wavefunctions at about 2, 17 and 46eV and odd wavefunctions at about 7.5, 30 and 64.5eV. This method provides an easy way to find out how many levels there are and approximately where they are located. While the graphical method is theoretically as accurate as any, it is possible to practically obtain much higher accuracy using purely numerical methods.

Also notice that however small the potential barrier, there will ''always'' be at least one even solution, corresponding to the first intersection. The existence of an odd solution depends on the value of V.

==Numerical Methods for Energy Levels==

There are many numerical methods that could be used to solve these equations. While the equations cannot be solved exactly, they ''can'' be differentiated. This means that we can use [[w:Newton-Raphson|Newton-Raphson]] Iterations, which are typically fast to converge. By using our graphical method to give us a rough idea of the locations of the roots, we can select suitable starting values for the iterations.

The two equations below are the equations to solve using the iteration (the Newton-Raphson method requires a function equal to zero).

::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k} - \tan \left(kL \right)=0&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\frac{\alpha}{k} + \cot \left(kL \right)=0&lt;/math&gt;

The derivates of these equations are needed for the iteration (unless done automatically by a computer), and these are given below:

::&lt;math&gt;
\frac{ -V }
     {2E^2 \sqrt{\frac{V-E}{E}}}    -
\frac{Lm}
     {\hbar \sqrt{2m E}} \sec^2 \left( \frac{L \sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar} \right)
&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;
\frac{ -V }
     {2E^2 \sqrt{\frac{V-E}{E}}}   -
\frac{Lm}
     {\hbar \sqrt{2m E}} \csc^2 \left( \frac{L \sqrt{2mE}}{\hbar} \right)
&lt;/math&gt;

The table below shows the six levels in this system, the starting value for the iteration, and the energy to 5 decimal places.

{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=center
!width=50|n
!width=50|Parity
!width=50|Starting Value/eV
!width=50|Energy/eV
|-
|1||Even||2||1.89660
|-
|2||Odd||8||7.56592
|-
|3||Even||17||16.93946
|-
|4||Odd||30||29.87241
|-
|5||Even||46||46.05440
|-
|6||Odd||64||64.60181
|}

Let's compare these to the first six energy levels for an infinite squre well, which we saw how to derive before:

[[Image:Finite vs Infinite Square Well Energies (75eV, 0.4nm).svg|center]]

As you can see, the energy levels are lower in the finite well than in the infinite well. This is due to the wavefunction extending beyond the well's boundaries, effectively resulting in a larger box. As a larger box results in lower energy levels, this makes sense.

==Finding the Numerical Wavefunctions==

We have found a way to evaluate the energy levels present in a finite potential well, which is usually the only information required, but we can also find the shape of the wavefunction. We already know the approximate shape - it is sinusoidal inside the well and decays exponentially to zero outside it.

===First Energy Level===

Let's start at the first (lowest) energy level, which is even. We already defined the wavefunction piecewise as follows:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = G e^{  \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = B \cos(kx)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = H e^{- \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Now that we know the energy of the level, we can easily compute ''k'' and ''&amp;alpha;''. This means that we just have to find ''G'', ''B'' and ''H''. We have already shown that ''G=H''. Because we will have to normalise the wavefunction later anyway, we can manipulate the scaling of the functions at this point without consequence. Let us set the value of ''B'' to 1. This way we just have to find the value of ''G'' (=''H'') which satisfies the continuity boundary condition:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3(L) = \psi_2(L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;G e^{-\alpha L}= \cos(kL)\,&lt;/math&gt;

Rearranging,

::&lt;math&gt;G=\frac{\cos(kL)}{e^{-\alpha L}}&lt;/math&gt;

The values of ''k'' and ''&amp;alpha;'' and ''E'' at the first energy level

*''E'' = 1.89660eV = 3.03868 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-19&lt;/sup&gt; J
*''k'' = 7.05548 &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;
*''&amp;alpha;''= 4.38034 &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;

This gives

*''G'' = 1014.31

We can now plot the wavefunction against position. Note that we have not performed normalisation yet, so the units are arbitrary.

[[Image:1D Finite Well Wavefunction n=1 (0.4nm, 75eV).svg|center]]

We can see that the wavefunction extends visibly into the classically forbidden zone (blue). If the exact matching of the gradient is hard to fathom, remeber that it was this very condition that led to the definitions for ''k'' and ''&amp;alpha;''. However, as the calculations leading to this point apply only to valid energies, if you try to plot the wavefunctions for a non-valid energy, you will get a continuous (as the method of obtaining ''G'' enforces this) but not smooth graph, implying that the solution does not fit the physical system. 

Because we have no simple relationship between the energy and shape of the graph (notice that ''G'' changes as a reasonably complex function of ''E''), we can't find an easily expressible normalisation coefficient. However, by integrating the square of the wavefunction, we can still evaluate it:

::&lt;math&gt;\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} | \psi(x) |^2 dx =1&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\int_{-\infty}^{-L} | \psi_1(x) |^2 dx+
\int_{-L}^{L} | \psi_2(x) |^2 dx+
\int_{L}^{\infty} | \psi_3(x) |^2 dx=1&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_0^2 \left[\int_{-\infty}^{-L} G^2 e^{2\alpha x} dx+
\int_{-L}^{L} \cos^2(kx) dx+
\int_{L}^{\infty} G^2 e^{-2\alpha x} dx \right]=1&lt;/math&gt;

This integral is quite simple, and yields the following normalisation coefficient:

*''&amp;psi;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;''=66990.6

Compare this with 70710.7 for an infinite well. Remember to account for the units (often nanometres cause problems) when doing this integral. It makes sense that the normalisation coeffiecient is lower here, as the wavefunction extends further, so has a higher area when the sinusoid is scaled to 1, meaning that it must be multiplied by a smaller number to give a unity probability of finding the particle somewhere.

===Second Energy Level===

Now let's consider the second energy level, which is odd. The wavefunction is given by:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = G e^{  \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin(kx)&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = H e^{- \alpha x} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;

where ''G'' = ''-H''. Setting ''A=1'', and proceeding as above, we get the following:

*''E'' = 7.56592eV = 1.21219389 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; J
*''k'' = 1.40919 &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;
*''&amp;alpha;''= 7.99293 &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;

This gives a ''G'' of 1432.53 and leads to the graph below:

[[Image:1D Finite Well Wavefunction n=2 (0.4nm, 75eV).svg|center]]

To get the normalisation coeffiecient, we put

::&lt;math&gt;\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} | \psi(x) |^2 dx =1&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\int_{-\infty}^{-L} | \psi_1(x) |^2 dx+
\int_{-L}^{L} | \psi_2(x) |^2 dx+
\int_{L}^{\infty} | \psi_3(x) |^2 dx=1&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_0^2 \left[\int_{-\infty}^{-L} G^2 e^{2\alpha x} dx+
\int_{-L}^{L} \sin^2(kx) dx+
\int_{L}^{\infty} G^2 e^{-2\alpha x} dx \right]=1&lt;/math&gt;

which gives a normalisation coefficent of 66849.7. This is marginally smaller than the coefficient for the first energy level. Since the wavefunction extends further into the potential barrier region (this is not clearly apparent in the graph, but it is just observable), this is to be expected. We can see this pattern continue through all six levels:

{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=center
!width=50|n
!width=50|Parity
!width=50|G
!width=50|''&amp;psi;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;''
|-
|1||Even||1014.31||66990.6
|-
|2||Odd||1432.53||66849.7
|-
|3||Even||-1168.56||66575.5
|-
|4||Odd||-615.794||66073.7
|-
|5||Even||194.185||65055.8
|-
|6||Odd||25.2653||61954.1
|}

==Unbound States==

There are also permitted energy levels for a particle above the energy of the top of the well, V. These are called ''unbound'' states as they do not decay to zero outside the well. However, they are certainly still affected by it. Unbound states are also called ''continuum'' states, because unlike the discrete ''bound'' states they have a solution for the continuous range of energies which fulfill
::&lt;math&gt;E &gt; V \,&lt;/math&gt;

Recall the definition for ''&amp;alpha;'':

::&lt;math&gt;\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{2m(V - E)}}{\hbar}&lt;/math&gt;

In unbound states, this is imaginary, which means that we cannot use the same method as we could for bound states. If you look at the graphical solution, you can see that the line for ''&amp;alpha;/k'' ends at ''V'', meaning that there are no more valid bound state energy levels past this point.

We saw near the beginning of this page that the wavefunction for an unbound state outside the well is

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = C \sin(\kappa x) + D \cos(\kappa x)\quad&lt;/math&gt;  

where

::&lt;math&gt;\kappa=\sqrt{\frac{2m(E - V))}{\hbar^2}}&lt;/math&gt;

The solution inside the well is the same as for the bound states:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin{kx} + B \cos{kx}&lt;/math&gt;

Becaue the potential is symmetric around the origin, there must be solutions of defined parity also for unbound states, so we will choose a basis of odd and even wavefunctions. As before, we know that the overall wavefunction must be continuous and differentiable. In other words the values of the functions and their derivatives must match up at the dividing points:

::{| cellpadding=4
| &lt;math&gt;\psi_1(-L) = \psi_2(-L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|width=75|
| &lt;math&gt;\psi_1(L) = \psi_2(L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|- 
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{d\psi_1}{dx}(-L) = \frac{d\psi_2}{dx}(-L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{d\psi_1}{dx}(L) = \frac{d\psi_2}{dx}(L) \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
|}

===Odd Wavefunctions===
For odd wavefunctions, we can ignore the cosine terms for &lt;math&gt;\psi_2&lt;/math&gt;, but not for &lt;math&gt;\psi_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\psi_3&lt;/math&gt;:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = A \sin{kx} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = C \sin{\kappa x} + D \cos{\kappa x}=C \sin{(\kappa x-\phi)}&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = E \sin{\kappa x} + F \cos{\kappa x}=C \sin{(\kappa x+\phi)}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;\psi_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\psi_3&lt;/math&gt; are not odd functions on their own, but the general function &lt;math&gt;\psi&lt;/math&gt; defined for all x is odd, noting that for any &lt;math&gt;x_0 &gt; L&lt;/math&gt;:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( -x_{0} \right) = \psi_3 \left( x_{0} \right)&lt;/math&gt; 

Applying the boundary condition of continuity of the wavefunction, we get the same result at each boundary:

::&lt;math&gt;C \sin{(\kappa L + \phi)}= A \sin{kL}\,\!&lt;/math&gt;

taking the derivative and requiring continuity at L, we get:

::&lt;math&gt;\kappa C \cos{(\kappa L + \phi)}= k A \cos{kL}\,\!&lt;/math&gt;

The choice of wavefunctions of a defined parity reduces the problem to tailoring the values of the wavefunction and its derivative only at one point (as the other yields identical equations). Thus we have two equations with three variables. We will choose C, the amplitude of the wavefunction outside the well to be unity. At the end we will normalize &lt;math&gt;\psi&lt;/math&gt; to unity over the full 1D finite well.

Dividing the equation derived from continuity of the wavefunction by that of the continuity of the derivative:


::&lt;math&gt;\tan{(\kappa L + \phi)}=\frac{\kappa}{k} \tan {kL}&lt;/math&gt;

::&lt;math&gt;\phi=\arctan{(\frac{\kappa}{k} \tan {kL}}) - \kappa L&lt;/math&gt; 

Inserting the phase &lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt; into the equation of continuity at L, and taking C=1, we get:
::&lt;math&gt;A=\frac {\sin{(\kappa L + \phi)}} {\sin{kL}} &lt;/math&gt;

Thus we see that there is an odd wavefunction solution for any energy, well depth, and width. There is a resonance above the well when:

:: &lt;math&gt;\sin{kL}=0,\!&lt;/math&gt;

This is similar to the Fabri Perot resonances in optics.

===Even Wavefunctions===
In the same manner as for the odd wavefunctions, we can ignore the sine terms for &lt;math&gt;\psi_2&lt;/math&gt;, but not for &lt;math&gt;\psi_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\psi_3&lt;/math&gt; for the even wavefunctions:

::&lt;math&gt;\psi_2 \left( x \right) = B \cos{kx} \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_1 \left( x \right) = C \sin{\kappa x} + D \cos{\kappa x}=D \cos{(\kappa x-\phi)}&lt;/math&gt;
::&lt;math&gt;\psi_3 \left( x \right) = E \sin{\kappa x} + F \cos{\kappa x}=C \cos{(\kappa x+\phi)}&lt;/math&gt;

Applying the boundary condition of continuity of the wavefunction, we get the same result at each boundary:

::&lt;math&gt;C \cos{(\kappa L + \phi)}= B \cos{kL}\,\!&lt;/math&gt;

taking the derivative and requiring continuity at L, we get:

::&lt;math&gt;\kappa C \sin{(\kappa L + \phi)}= k A \sin{kL}\,\!&lt;/math&gt;

Dividing the equation derived from continuity of the wavefunction by that of the continuity of the derivative:


::&lt;math&gt;\tan{(\kappa L + \phi)}=\frac {k} {\kappa} \tan {kL}&lt;/math&gt;

::&lt;math&gt;\phi=\arctan{(\frac {k} {\kappa} \tan {kL}}) - \kappa L&lt;/math&gt; 

Inserting the phase &lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt; into the equation of continuity at L, and taking C=1, we get:

::&lt;math&gt;A=\frac {\cos{(\kappa L + \phi)}} {\cos{kL}} &lt;/math&gt;

Thus we see that there is an even wavefunction solution for any energy, well depth, and width. There is a resonance above the well when:

::&lt;math&gt; \cos{kL}=0 ,\!&lt;/math&gt;

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    <title>Cookbook:Green Mango and Cumin Drink (Aam Panna)</title>
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      <text bytes="2553" sha1="n84ln59gfg2vhofxj4bzr2lahma7qql" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__{{Recipe summary
| Category = Beverage recipes
| Difficulty = 2
| Image = [[File:Keri Ka Sharbat.JPG|300px]]
}}

{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of India|Cuisine of India]]

'''Aam panna''' or '''aam jhora''' is a green mango drink widely consumed in northern India during summer months. Apart from being delicious and refreshing, aam panna is believed to have several health benefits.

The recipe calls for green (unripe) mangoes, sugar, rock salt, roasted cumin seeds and mint leaves. The quantities can (and should) be varied to suit individual taste preferences. This recipe yields a concentrate which can be stored for around 2 weeks in the refrigerator.

== Ingredients ==
*4 medium-sized green [[Cookbook:Mango|mangoes]]
*½ [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]] (120 [[Cookbook:Milliliter|ml]]) [[Cookbook:Sugar|sugar]]
*2 level [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tablespoons]] (30 ml) [[Cookbook:Salt|rock salt]]
*1 level [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] (5 ml) roasted [[Cookbook:Cumin|cumin]] seeds
*1 roasted [[Cookbook:Chiles|chile]] (optional) 
*1 handful of fresh [[Cookbook:Mint|mint]] leaves

== Procedure ==
#Cut mangoes into 3 slices each—2 from either side of the seed and 1 with the seed in it.
#[[Cookbook:Pressure Cooking|Pressure cook]] mangoes with one small cup of water. Turn off heat as soon as the pressure cooker whistles once.
#Open cooker after 5–7 minutes and leave to cool.
#Grind sugar and roasted cumin seeds using a [[Cookbook:Food Processor|food processor]]. If using chilli, grind that too.
#Mince mint leaves in a food processor.
#When cool, squeeze pulp of mangoes into a [[Cookbook:Blender|blender]] using hands. Discard skin and seeds.
#[[Cookbook:Purée|Purée]] mango pulp until smooth.
#Add ground sugar, rock salt, roasted cumin seeds, chilli powder, and minced mint leaves. Blend well.
#Store in clean plastic or glass bottle. Refrigerate.
#To serve, add 4–5 teaspoons of the mango mixture to a glass of water. Enjoy!

== Notes, tips, and variations ==

* Instead of pressure cooking the mangoes you can roast the whole mangoes over an open flame, until the skin is charred and the flesh is soft. The charred skin will peel off easily and you can squeeze out the pulp with your hands. This gives a nice smoky flavour to the dish.

[[Category:Indian recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes using mango]]
[[Category:Vegetarian recipes]]
[[Category:Vegan recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes for beverages]]
[[Category:Recipes using sugar]]
[[Category:Recipes using chile]]
[[Category:Recipes using whole cumin]]
[[Category:Recipes using mint]]</text>
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    <title>Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Hiking</title>
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      <comment>/* 1. Explain and demonstrate the main points of good hiking practice, such as pacing, speed, resting, and etiquette. */</comment>
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      <text bytes="16746" sha1="gq5u8js8m474ddhhr6ja5hycplequrv" xml:space="preserve">{{honor_header|1|1933|Recreation|General Conference}}
{{AY Master|Wilderness}}

For those in the South Pacific Division check your Division honour site to get your latest version of this honour. There also is a workbook you can download and for the teachers a teachers document. Hiking 1  &amp; Hiking 2.

==1. Explain and demonstrate the main points of good hiking practice, such as pacing, speed, resting, and etiquette. ==
Because hiking is a recreational experience, hikers expect it to be pleasant. Sometimes hikers can interfere with each other's enjoyment, or that of other users of the land, but they can minimize this interference by following good etiquette. For example:

* When two groups of hikers meet on a steep trail, there may be contention for use of the trail. To avoid conflict, a custom has developed in some areas whereby the group moving uphill has the right-of-way. In other situations, the larger of the two groups will usually yield to the smaller.
* Being forced to hike much faster or slower than one's natural pace can be annoying, and difficult to maintain consistently. More seriously, walking unnaturally fast dramatically increases fatigue and exhaustion, and may cause injury. If a group splits between fast and slow hikers, the slow hikers may be left behind or become lost. A common custom is to encourage the slowest hiker to hike in the lead and have everyone match that speed. Another custom is to have an experienced hiker sweep up the rear, to ensure that everyone in the group is safe and nobody straggles.
* Hikers often enjoy the silence and solitude of their surroundings. Loud sounds, such as shouting or loud conversation, disrupt this enjoyment. Some hikers purposely avoid loud sounds, out of deference to other hikers. Staying quiet will also increase the likelihood of encountering wildlife. (This is a hazard if dangerous animals are present; see &quot;Personal safety hazards&quot;.)
* Hikers sometimes trespass onto private property from public land or rights of way (easements). Such trespass can alienate the property owners and (in countries where rights of way are not protected by law) close down hiking rights-of-way. 
*Memorize and practice the 7 Leave No Trace Principles: 
** Plan ahead and prepare.                                       
** Travel and camp on durable surfaces.                 
** Dispose of waste properly.                                                                         
** Leave what you find.                                            
** Minimize campfire impacts (be careful with fire).
** Respect wildlife.  
** Be considerate of other visitors.

==2. Explain the importance and method of proper foot care with regard to cleanliness, care of nails, socks, shoe selection, and first aid of tender or blistered feet. ==
===Proper Footwear===
The most important aspect of proper foot care for hiking is to have proper footwear.  It is a good idea to wear two pairs of socks on a hike: a thin pair next to your skin, and a thick, padded pair over the thin pair.  This arrangement will cause the socks to rub against one another instead of rubbing against your feet causing a blister.  When shopping for hiking boots or shoes, wear the type of socks you intend to wear when you hike.  You will likely need to buy hiking shoes or boots that are a little larger than your normal shoe size to accommodate the extra thickness of socks.

Hiking shoes should have good ankle support and should lace up tightly.  Look for good tread on the soles and sturdy construction.  You should wear new shoes for a couple of days of regular use before pressing them into service on a hike - this will break them in.  New shoes are another common cause of blistering.

===Dry Feet===
Bring extra socks with you on a hike so that you can change them if they get wet.  Hiking in wet feet will soften the skin and lead to blisters.  It can also lead to fungus growth and immersion foot.  Immersion foot occurs when feet are cold and damp while wearing constricting footwear. Unlike frostbite, immersion foot does not require freezing temperatures and can occur in temperatures up to 60° Fahrenheit (about 16° Celsius). Immersion foot can occur with as little as twelve hours' exposure. Affected feet become numb and then turn red or blue. As the condition worsens, they may swell. Advanced immersion foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections; this is sometimes called jungle rot. If left untreated, immersion foot usually results in gangrene, which can require amputation. If immersion foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling is returning. Like other cold injuries, immersion foot leaves sufferers more susceptible to it in the future.

Immersion foot is easily prevented by keeping the feet warm and dry, and changing socks frequently when the feet cannot be kept dry.

===Nail Care===
Before you set out on a hike, check that your toenails are properly trimmed.  They should be trimmed straight across, such that they do not hang over the edge of the toe. Cutting them too short or in a curved shape can cause them to become ingrown.  Ingrown toenails tend to cut into the toe at the edges of the nail, leading to infection and extreme discomfort.

Leaving your toenails too long can make them susceptible to breaking off, and that can force you to have to cut them too short - again leading to an ingrown nail.  Also, long toenails will wear holes in socks more quickly than properly trimmed nails.

===Blisters===
Blisters on the feet and toes are caused by something repeatedly rubbing on them, such as a sock or an ill-fitting shoe.  As soon as you detect soreness, you should stop and examine the foot.  Reddened skin is the first sign that a blister may be forming.  Covering the affected area with an adhesive bandage or even a small strip of duct tape will help prevent a blister from forming.  If possible, cover the area with a donut-shaped moleskin before covering with a bandage.  This will help alleviate pressure on the area.

If the blister has already formed, ''do not puncture it.''  Leave the skin covering the blister as intact as possible, as it provides a sterile environment underneath.  If the blister is on a weight-bearing surface on the bottom of the foot and you ''must'' puncture it, use a sterile needle, and make as few punctures as possible - just enough to drain the liquid.  Do not peel any skin off the blister.  You can sterilize a needle or a pin by passing it through a flame.

'''Cleanness''' 
Wash the affected area as well as you can using purified water or a sterile wipe.  Again, cover the blister with a donut-shaped moleskin, apply some antibiotic ointment, and cover with a bandage.

==3. Make a list of proper clothing to be worn on a hike in both hot and cool weather. ==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Clothing}}

==4. Make a list of needed gear for a long day hike in the wilderness and a short coun­try hike. ==
For either hike, you should bring the following:
* Water bottle
* Water purification equipment
* First aid kit 
* Blister kit may be part of the first aid kit):
* Mole skin 
* Bandages
* Needle or pin
* Lighter
* Antibiotic ointment
* Antiseptic wipes
* Extra socks
* Extra shoe/boot laces
* Flashlight (torch)
* Compass
* Map of the area
* Guide book about the trail you are using
* Day pack (a small backpack)
* Hiking shoes or boots
* Knife
* Rope
* Trail mix
* Insect repellant

For a long day hike you will also need to plan on a meal or two.  Select foods that are low-weight  (you will have to carry it remember), high calorie, and easy to prepare (or require no preparation).  If your food requires preparation, be sure to bring whatever you need to prepare it (such as a backpacking stove, a mess kit, and eating utensils).

Carry your trail mix where it is easily available for snacking as you walk.

==5. List five safety and courtesy rules to be used in wilderness trail hiking and road hiking. ==
Wilderness
# Do not destroy the flora or fauna.
# Finish what you start.
# Dispose of trash properly.  If no disposal facilities are available, pack out what you pack in.
# Follow and obey the leaders.
# Stay together with your group. Don't stray away
Trail
# Respect both public and private property
# Do not trespass.
# Have a good sense of humor.
# Help others with their necessities.
# Do not play games that can hurt others.

==6. Explain the importance of drinking water and list three signs of contaminated water. ==
[[File:Giardia lamblia SEM 8698 lores.jpg|thumb|Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite]]

For good health and to avoid injury, it is important to stay hydrated.  This is accomplished by drinking lots of water while hiking.  Signs of dehydration include infrequent urination, strong-smelling urine, dark yellow urine, headaches, irritability, and lack of perspiration.  You need to drink ''before'' you feel thirsty.

It is a good idea to bring a water filter or purification tablets with you on a hike so that you can refill your water containers at every opportunity.  Note that water becomes more scarce as you go higher into the mountains, so if you are climbing a mountain trail, stock up on water whenever you see it.

Make sure you know how to use your filter and make sure it works ''before'' setting out on a trip.  You do not want to discover that your filter is defective at a time when your health (and possibly your life) depends on its proper operation.

It is especially important to purify any water you collect on the trail before drinking it.  Bacterial contamination cannot be reliably detected without lab equipment, so it is better to be safe than sorry.  Purifying clean water will not hurt you.  Even water that looks clean could be rife with harmful bacteria.  Giardia is a very common parasite that will cause sickness in humans.  Diarrhea and intestinal cramps are very real possibilities for those who do not heed these warnings.

Signs that water is contaminated include the following:
#'''Nothing living in the water:''' If you cannot find any signs of life in the water, it is very likely to be unfit for drinking.  If plants and animals cannot live in the water, it may contain poisonous chemicals.
#'''Oil film on surface:''' Runoff from roadways can deposit petroleum-based oil in the water.  If you see a rainbow slick on the surface, this is a sign of pollution.
#'''Foul Odor:''' Foul smelling water is sure to be foul tasting as well, but the damage caused by drinking it may well extend beyond the taste buds.

==7. Explain the importance of proper eating while hiking. ==
Food is the body's fuel, and hiking is an activity that burns fuel like a Hummer.  Hiking doubles your caloric burn rate, so you must compensate for this by doubling your caloric intake.

The most important nutrient for the hiker is water.  The absolute minimum is two liters per day.  It is far better to drink one liter per hour, especially if it is hot, or if the hiking is strenuous.

The remainder of the diet should be made up of 60% carbohydrates, 10-15% proteins, and 25-30% fats.  For extended, long-distance hikes, it is important to be sure you get sufficient quantities of vitamins and minerals too.

==8. Describe proper clothing and foot gear for cold and hot wet weather hiking. ==
===Cold, Wet Weather===
Keeping dry is not only important for comfort - in cold weather it is also essential to safety.  Bring an extra set of clothing with you so that if you do get wet, you'll have something to change into.  To stay dry, wear a water-proof outer layer.  It is also essential to dress in layers and to vent your clothing to avoid sweating.  Perspiration will soak your clothing just as quickly as precipitation.

Footwear should be as waterproof as possible and provide warmth.  To avoid blisters, footwear also needs to be snug.  Many hikers prefer mukluks for cold-weather hiking.

===Hot, Wet Weather===
As with cold, wet weather, you should bring an extra set of dry clothing for hot weather.  Bring a poncho, or other waterproof outer layer to keep yourself dry.  Waterproof hiking boots will help maintain dry feet.

==9. Submit a written plan for a 10-mile (16.1 km) hike which includes: map route, clothing list, equipment list, and water and/or food. ==
This is an excellent activity for an AY Companion class, as they are required to plan a 10-mile (or half-day) hike.  Pathfinders can work together or individually on this activity.  Equipment should include the '''''Ten Essentials:'''''

# Map
# Compass (optionally supplemented with a GPS receiver)
# Sunglasses and sunscreen
# Extra food and water
# Extra clothes
# Headlamp/flashlight
# First aid kit
# Fire starter 
# Matches 
# Knife

A 10-mile hike should include one meal, and it should provide about 2000 calories.  The meal can consist of the &quot;main&quot; portion which is eaten as a meal, as well as &quot;trail food&quot; which is eaten while walking.  GORP ('''G'''ood '''O'''ld '''R'''aisins and '''P'''eanuts) is the classic hiking snack.

The description of the route can be simple, but it should be detailed enough so that others can retrace your steps.  Leave the plan with someone who is not going with you in case there is an emergency and you are unable to return when planned.  This information is essential to a rescue team should the services of one become necessary.

==10. Use a topographical map and/or a road map in planning and doing one of the hikes in Requirement 11.==
A topographic map shows the contours of the land.  These tell the map reader where hills are, and how steep they are.  They also show where you can expect to find water (which you ''will'' filter before drinking, right?) or interesting scenery (such as water falls and overlooks).  A good topographical map will also show roads and trails - essential information for planning a hike!  Many of the topographical maps made for hikers will also indicate distances between trail intersections for easy distance calculations (just add them up).

More details for reading a topographic map can be found in the answers to the [[../Orienteering|Orienteering]] honor.

==11. Have the following hiking record ==
===a. One five-mile (8 km) rural or town hike ===
A 5-mile hike can be done either in the morning or in the afternoon.  It is an excellent Sabbath afternoon activity.  One way to do this is to plan to hike around the neighborhood  after church.  If you schedule it to coincide with a church potluck you won't have to worry about feeding the troops.  You will want to plan the route ahead of time though, and be sure it is at least five miles.
===b. One five-mile ( 8 km) hike on a wilderness trail ===
Again, a five mile hike can be done in half a day, either in the morning or in the afternoon.  However, unless your church is located near a wilderness trail, this will involve some travel to reach the trailhead.  Your Pathfinders may be able to eat a sack lunch in the car either on the way there, or on the way back.
===c. Two 10-mile (16.1 km) day hikes on different routes ===
A 10-mile hike will generally take all day, so plan to set out early in the morning and return in the evening.  Everyone should bring a lunch.
===d. One 15-mile (24.2 km) hike on a wilderness trail ===
Fifteen miles is a long hike, and should not be attempted in a single day except by people in excellent physical condition.  If you can, plan an overnight hike, going at least 7.5 miles into the wilderness, and then hiking back out the next day.  Note that this will meet a major requirement for the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Backpacking|Backpacking]] and  [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Pioneering|Pioneering]] honors.

===e. Within a month of each hike, write a short report, giving dates, routes cov­ered, weather, and any interesting things you saw. ===

This hiking record can be incorporated into the regular Pathfinder program so that any Pathfinder who has fully participated in club events will meet this requirement in a two-year period.  Plan a 5-mile hike every fall - alternating every year between rural/town hikes and wilderness trail hikes.  Have your Companion class plan a 10-mile hike each Spring.  The 15-mile hike can be done every other year, perhaps during the summer.  Plan an evaluation session during the meeting after each hike, and have each Pathfinder turn in the report.

==References==

[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book}}/Completed Honors|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</text>
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{{AY Master|Wilderness}}

For those in the South Pacific Division check your Division honour site to get your latest version of this honour. There also is a workbook you can download and for the teachers a teachers document. Hiking 1  &amp; Hiking 2.

==1. Explain and demonstrate the main points of good hiking practice, such as pacing, speed, resting, and etiquette. ==
Because hiking is a recreational experience, hikers expect it to be pleasant. Sometimes hikers can interfere with each other's enjoyment, or that of other users of the land, but they can minimize this interference by following good etiquette. For example:

* When two groups of hikers meet on a steep trail, there may be contention for use of the trail. To avoid conflict, a custom has developed in some areas whereby the group moving uphill has the right-of-way. In other situations, the larger of the two groups will usually yield to the smaller.
* Being forced to hike much faster or slower than one's natural pace can be annoying, and difficult to maintain consistently. More seriously, walking unnaturally fast dramatically increases fatigue and exhaustion, and may cause injury. If a group splits between fast and slow hikers, the slow hikers may be left behind or become lost. A common custom is to encourage the slowest hiker to hike in the lead and have everyone match that speed. Another custom is to have an experienced hiker sweep up the rear, to ensure that everyone in the group is safe and nobody straggles.
* Hikers often enjoy the silence and solitude of their surroundings. Loud sounds, such as shouting or loud conversation, disrupt this enjoyment. Some hikers purposely avoid loud sounds, out of deference to other hikers. Staying quiet will also increase the likelihood of encountering wildlife. (This is a hazard if dangerous animals are present; see &quot;Personal safety hazards&quot;.)
* Hikers sometimes trespass onto private property from public land or rights of way (easements). Such trespass can alienate the property owners and (in countries where rights of way are not protected by law) close down hiking rights-of-way. To maximize hiking opportunities for everyone, most hikers will either stay on public land and easements, or solicit permission from property owners. Staying on well-marked trails avoids the possibility of trespass.
* Tree branches or other vegetation often hang low across trails. A passing hiker may cause a tree branch to snap back in the face of a hiker behind. While it is courteous to warn following hikers if a branch is likely to snap back, it is every hiker's responsibility to allow enough space between himself and the hiker ahead to avoid the hazard.
* When two groups of hikers meet, it is considered a common courtesy to exchange greetings (either verbal or physical (e.g. smiles and friendly nods)). To pass another group without such acknowledgement is seen as rude.
*Memorize and practice the 7 Leave No Trace Principles: 
** Plan ahead and prepare.                                       
** Travel and camp on durable surfaces.                 
** Dispose of waste properly.                                                                         
** Leave what you find.                                            
** Minimize campfire impacts (be careful with fire).
** Respect wildlife.  
** Be considerate of other visitors.

==2. Explain the importance and method of proper foot care with regard to cleanliness, care of nails, socks, shoe selection, and first aid of tender or blistered feet. ==
===Proper Footwear===
The most important aspect of proper foot care for hiking is to have proper footwear.  It is a good idea to wear two pairs of socks on a hike: a thin pair next to your skin, and a thick, padded pair over the thin pair.  This arrangement will cause the socks to rub against one another instead of rubbing against your feet causing a blister.  When shopping for hiking boots or shoes, wear the type of socks you intend to wear when you hike.  You will likely need to buy hiking shoes or boots that are a little larger than your normal shoe size to accommodate the extra thickness of socks.

Hiking shoes should have good ankle support and should lace up tightly.  Look for good tread on the soles and sturdy construction.  You should wear new shoes for a couple of days of regular use before pressing them into service on a hike - this will break them in.  New shoes are another common cause of blistering.

===Dry Feet===
Bring extra socks with you on a hike so that you can change them if they get wet.  Hiking in wet feet will soften the skin and lead to blisters.  It can also lead to fungus growth and immersion foot.  Immersion foot occurs when feet are cold and damp while wearing constricting footwear. Unlike frostbite, immersion foot does not require freezing temperatures and can occur in temperatures up to 60° Fahrenheit (about 16° Celsius). Immersion foot can occur with as little as twelve hours' exposure. Affected feet become numb and then turn red or blue. As the condition worsens, they may swell. Advanced immersion foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections; this is sometimes called jungle rot. If left untreated, immersion foot usually results in gangrene, which can require amputation. If immersion foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling is returning. Like other cold injuries, immersion foot leaves sufferers more susceptible to it in the future.

Immersion foot is easily prevented by keeping the feet warm and dry, and changing socks frequently when the feet cannot be kept dry.

===Nail Care===
Before you set out on a hike, check that your toenails are properly trimmed.  They should be trimmed straight across, such that they do not hang over the edge of the toe. Cutting them too short or in a curved shape can cause them to become ingrown.  Ingrown toenails tend to cut into the toe at the edges of the nail, leading to infection and extreme discomfort.

Leaving your toenails too long can make them susceptible to breaking off, and that can force you to have to cut them too short - again leading to an ingrown nail.  Also, long toenails will wear holes in socks more quickly than properly trimmed nails.

===Blisters===
Blisters on the feet and toes are caused by something repeatedly rubbing on them, such as a sock or an ill-fitting shoe.  As soon as you detect soreness, you should stop and examine the foot.  Reddened skin is the first sign that a blister may be forming.  Covering the affected area with an adhesive bandage or even a small strip of duct tape will help prevent a blister from forming.  If possible, cover the area with a donut-shaped moleskin before covering with a bandage.  This will help alleviate pressure on the area.

If the blister has already formed, ''do not puncture it.''  Leave the skin covering the blister as intact as possible, as it provides a sterile environment underneath.  If the blister is on a weight-bearing surface on the bottom of the foot and you ''must'' puncture it, use a sterile needle, and make as few punctures as possible - just enough to drain the liquid.  Do not peel any skin off the blister.  You can sterilize a needle or a pin by passing it through a flame.

'''Cleanness''' 
Wash the affected area as well as you can using purified water or a sterile wipe.  Again, cover the blister with a donut-shaped moleskin, apply some antibiotic ointment, and cover with a bandage.

==3. Make a list of proper clothing to be worn on a hike in both hot and cool weather. ==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Clothing}}

==4. Make a list of needed gear for a long day hike in the wilderness and a short coun­try hike. ==
For either hike, you should bring the following:
* Water bottle
* Water purification equipment
* First aid kit 
* Blister kit may be part of the first aid kit):
* Mole skin 
* Bandages
* Needle or pin
* Lighter
* Antibiotic ointment
* Antiseptic wipes
* Extra socks
* Extra shoe/boot laces
* Flashlight (torch)
* Compass
* Map of the area
* Guide book about the trail you are using
* Day pack (a small backpack)
* Hiking shoes or boots
* Knife
* Rope
* Trail mix
* Insect repellant

For a long day hike you will also need to plan on a meal or two.  Select foods that are low-weight  (you will have to carry it remember), high calorie, and easy to prepare (or require no preparation).  If your food requires preparation, be sure to bring whatever you need to prepare it (such as a backpacking stove, a mess kit, and eating utensils).

Carry your trail mix where it is easily available for snacking as you walk.

==5. List five safety and courtesy rules to be used in wilderness trail hiking and road hiking. ==
Wilderness
# Do not destroy the flora or fauna.
# Finish what you start.
# Dispose of trash properly.  If no disposal facilities are available, pack out what you pack in.
# Follow and obey the leaders.
# Stay together with your group. Don't stray away
Trail
# Respect both public and private property
# Do not trespass.
# Have a good sense of humor.
# Help others with their necessities.
# Do not play games that can hurt others.

==6. Explain the importance of drinking water and list three signs of contaminated water. ==
[[File:Giardia lamblia SEM 8698 lores.jpg|thumb|Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite]]

For good health and to avoid injury, it is important to stay hydrated.  This is accomplished by drinking lots of water while hiking.  Signs of dehydration include infrequent urination, strong-smelling urine, dark yellow urine, headaches, irritability, and lack of perspiration.  You need to drink ''before'' you feel thirsty.

It is a good idea to bring a water filter or purification tablets with you on a hike so that you can refill your water containers at every opportunity.  Note that water becomes more scarce as you go higher into the mountains, so if you are climbing a mountain trail, stock up on water whenever you see it.

Make sure you know how to use your filter and make sure it works ''before'' setting out on a trip.  You do not want to discover that your filter is defective at a time when your health (and possibly your life) depends on its proper operation.

It is especially important to purify any water you collect on the trail before drinking it.  Bacterial contamination cannot be reliably detected without lab equipment, so it is better to be safe than sorry.  Purifying clean water will not hurt you.  Even water that looks clean could be rife with harmful bacteria.  Giardia is a very common parasite that will cause sickness in humans.  Diarrhea and intestinal cramps are very real possibilities for those who do not heed these warnings.

Signs that water is contaminated include the following:
#'''Nothing living in the water:''' If you cannot find any signs of life in the water, it is very likely to be unfit for drinking.  If plants and animals cannot live in the water, it may contain poisonous chemicals.
#'''Oil film on surface:''' Runoff from roadways can deposit petroleum-based oil in the water.  If you see a rainbow slick on the surface, this is a sign of pollution.
#'''Foul Odor:''' Foul smelling water is sure to be foul tasting as well, but the damage caused by drinking it may well extend beyond the taste buds.

==7. Explain the importance of proper eating while hiking. ==
Food is the body's fuel, and hiking is an activity that burns fuel like a Hummer.  Hiking doubles your caloric burn rate, so you must compensate for this by doubling your caloric intake.

The most important nutrient for the hiker is water.  The absolute minimum is two liters per day.  It is far better to drink one liter per hour, especially if it is hot, or if the hiking is strenuous.

The remainder of the diet should be made up of 60% carbohydrates, 10-15% proteins, and 25-30% fats.  For extended, long-distance hikes, it is important to be sure you get sufficient quantities of vitamins and minerals too.

==8. Describe proper clothing and foot gear for cold and hot wet weather hiking. ==
===Cold, Wet Weather===
Keeping dry is not only important for comfort - in cold weather it is also essential to safety.  Bring an extra set of clothing with you so that if you do get wet, you'll have something to change into.  To stay dry, wear a water-proof outer layer.  It is also essential to dress in layers and to vent your clothing to avoid sweating.  Perspiration will soak your clothing just as quickly as precipitation.

Footwear should be as waterproof as possible and provide warmth.  To avoid blisters, footwear also needs to be snug.  Many hikers prefer mukluks for cold-weather hiking.

===Hot, Wet Weather===
As with cold, wet weather, you should bring an extra set of dry clothing for hot weather.  Bring a poncho, or other waterproof outer layer to keep yourself dry.  Waterproof hiking boots will help maintain dry feet.

==9. Submit a written plan for a 10-mile (16.1 km) hike which includes: map route, clothing list, equipment list, and water and/or food. ==
This is an excellent activity for an AY Companion class, as they are required to plan a 10-mile (or half-day) hike.  Pathfinders can work together or individually on this activity.  Equipment should include the '''''Ten Essentials:'''''

# Map
# Compass (optionally supplemented with a GPS receiver)
# Sunglasses and sunscreen
# Extra food and water
# Extra clothes
# Headlamp/flashlight
# First aid kit
# Fire starter 
# Matches 
# Knife

A 10-mile hike should include one meal, and it should provide about 2000 calories.  The meal can consist of the &quot;main&quot; portion which is eaten as a meal, as well as &quot;trail food&quot; which is eaten while walking.  GORP ('''G'''ood '''O'''ld '''R'''aisins and '''P'''eanuts) is the classic hiking snack.

The description of the route can be simple, but it should be detailed enough so that others can retrace your steps.  Leave the plan with someone who is not going with you in case there is an emergency and you are unable to return when planned.  This information is essential to a rescue team should the services of one become necessary.

==10. Use a topographical map and/or a road map in planning and doing one of the hikes in Requirement 11.==
A topographic map shows the contours of the land.  These tell the map reader where hills are, and how steep they are.  They also show where you can expect to find water (which you ''will'' filter before drinking, right?) or interesting scenery (such as water falls and overlooks).  A good topographical map will also show roads and trails - essential information for planning a hike!  Many of the topographical maps made for hikers will also indicate distances between trail intersections for easy distance calculations (just add them up).

More details for reading a topographic map can be found in the answers to the [[../Orienteering|Orienteering]] honor.

==11. Have the following hiking record ==
===a. One five-mile (8 km) rural or town hike ===
A 5-mile hike can be done either in the morning or in the afternoon.  It is an excellent Sabbath afternoon activity.  One way to do this is to plan to hike around the neighborhood  after church.  If you schedule it to coincide with a church potluck you won't have to worry about feeding the troops.  You will want to plan the route ahead of time though, and be sure it is at least five miles.
===b. One five-mile ( 8 km) hike on a wilderness trail ===
Again, a five mile hike can be done in half a day, either in the morning or in the afternoon.  However, unless your church is located near a wilderness trail, this will involve some travel to reach the trailhead.  Your Pathfinders may be able to eat a sack lunch in the car either on the way there, or on the way back.
===c. Two 10-mile (16.1 km) day hikes on different routes ===
A 10-mile hike will generally take all day, so plan to set out early in the morning and return in the evening.  Everyone should bring a lunch.
===d. One 15-mile (24.2 km) hike on a wilderness trail ===
Fifteen miles is a long hike, and should not be attempted in a single day except by people in excellent physical condition.  If you can, plan an overnight hike, going at least 7.5 miles into the wilderness, and then hiking back out the next day.  Note that this will meet a major requirement for the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Backpacking|Backpacking]] and  [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Pioneering|Pioneering]] honors.

===e. Within a month of each hike, write a short report, giving dates, routes cov­ered, weather, and any interesting things you saw. ===

This hiking record can be incorporated into the regular Pathfinder program so that any Pathfinder who has fully participated in club events will meet this requirement in a two-year period.  Plan a 5-mile hike every fall - alternating every year between rural/town hikes and wilderness trail hikes.  Have your Companion class plan a 10-mile hike each Spring.  The 15-mile hike can be done every other year, perhaps during the summer.  Plan an evaluation session during the meeting after each hike, and have each Pathfinder turn in the report.

==References==

[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book}}/Completed Honors|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</text>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Covalent bonds</title>
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      <text bytes="11143" sha1="2ix4dgke178lnvcbw9a5l7p7ivbuj7l" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==
[[Image:Diatomic hydrogen.png|This is a common form of a covalent bond where the hydrogens both share one electron each|right|thumb]]
'''Covalent bonds''' are chemical bonds that are formed by sharing valence electrons between adjacent atoms.  This type of bonding is mostly seen in interactions of non-metals. Covalent bonds allow elements the ability to form multiple bonds with other molecules and atoms - a fundamental necessity for the creation of macromolecules.
In the covalent bond, as the distance between the nuclei decreases, each nucleus starts to attract the other atom's electron, which lowers the potential energy of the system. Anyway, when the attraction increases, the repulsions between the nuclei and between the electrons increase as well. In covalent bonding, each atom achieves a full outer (valence) level of electrons. Each atom in a covalent bond counts the shared electrons as belonging entirely to itself. Most covalent substances have low electrical conductivity because electrons are localized and ions are absent. Overall, the atoms in a covalent bond vibrate, and the energy of these vibrations can be studied with the IR spectroscopy.

==Octet Rule==
A general rule to follow when looking at covalent bonding is the octet rule, also known as the noble gas configuration.  An atom participating in covalent bonding must (with few exceptions) follow the octet rule, which states that an atom must have eight electrons around it.  These electrons can be shared or unshared.  The two atoms do not need to share their electrons equally; an electron pair can be donated from one atom instead of each atom donating one electron.  A periodic table can be used to determine the number of valence electrons an atom.  The general rule is that all atoms will be stable if they can have eight electrons around them.  Therefore different atoms can share their unpaired electrons with other atoms with unpaired electrons to gain an octet.

There are quite a few exceptions to this rule.  Two very important ones are Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He).  These atoms do not have octets and only need a total of two electrons to be stable.  This is because hydrogen and helium only contain a 1s electron shell, which can only hold two electrons.  Other exceptions occur when the total number of electrons in a molecule or between two molecules is an odd number.  These molecules tend to be very reactive.  Also, atoms past the second row on the periodic table can have more than eight electrons surrounding them. &lt;ref&gt;Organic Chemistry by Vollhardt and Shore&lt;/ref&gt; For example, in phosphorus pentafluoride (PF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;) the phosphorus is bonded to 10 electrons, and in sulfur hexafluoride (SF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;) the sulfur atom is bonded to 12 electrons. Molecules can also be electron deficient, meaning there are not enough available electrons to complete full octets around all the atoms in the molecule. An example of an electron deficient molecule is boron trichloride (BCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). In this molecule, the boron atom is only bonded to three electron pairs, while the chlorides are surrounded by full octets. &lt;ref&gt;http://chemed.chem.wisc.edu/chempaths/GenChem-Textbook/Exceptions-to-the-Octet-Rule-573.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Types of Covalent Bonds==
Multiple covalent bonds can be formed between atoms, which are stronger than single bonds and have higher bond energy and shorter bond lengths. The bond order is used to determine the number of pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. When a molecule has double and single covalent bonds, it can have different chemical forms of equal energy as resonance structures, which has more stability and the bond is the average of the double and single covalent bond.  The characteristics of a covalent bond can also be effected by the two atoms it joins.

===Single Bonds===
[[File:Elektronenformel Punkte HCl.svg|An electron dot diagram of a covalent bond between chlorine and hydrogen|thumb|left]]
Single bonds are one of the weaker types of covalent bonds.  Single covalent bonds are also called sigma bonds.  These are made when only two electrons are shared.  This leads to an overlap of the orbitals and a merging of the electron density clouds.  Single bonds tend to be very flexible allowing atoms to rotate around the bond.  An example of a single bond is a carbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bond has a bond length of 1.54 A and bond energy of 356 kJ/mol.

Note that the properties of a single bond depends not only on the two atoms that is bonds but also on the atoms surrounding those atoms.  Sigma bonds have no nodal planes.

Some covalent single bonds will also have double bonds properties, which are shorter, rigid and non-rotated. One example is peptide bond in proteins which connect each amino acid together to form polypeptide. The peptide-bond is 1.32 A which is shorter than 1.54 A (C-C). The energy that needs to break the peptide bond is much higher than the single bond and this non-rotated single bond contributes the planar property in the polypeptide chain, which also makes the peptide bond more stable than the normal single bond. The double bond properties are contributed by the resonance structure of the pepetide bond.

===Double bonds===
[[Image:pi-bond.jpg|thumb|right|Formation of a Pi-Bond from two p-orbitals.]]
Double bonds occur when a covalent bond consists of four shared electrons.  A double covalent bond contains a sigma bond and a pi bond.  Pi-bonds apply to the overlapping p-orbitals. The orbitals can only overlap in a side-by-side arrangement leading to one nodal plane on the internuclear axis. A single covalent bond only contains a sigma bond. Double bonds tend to be shorter than their single bond equivalents and stronger.  Double bonds also create electron density around the bond.  Unlike single bonds, double bonds are not flexible and the two adjoining atoms cannot rotate about the bond.

===Triple Bonds===

[[Image:Acetylene-CRC-IR-dimensions-2D.svg |thumb|C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.]]

A triple covalent bond contains one sigma bond and two pi bonds where six electrons are being shared.  These bonds are stronger than double bonds and shorter.  They are more rigid than double bonds and have a larger electron density.  The most common triple bonds are on carbons like C2H2.  The skeletal form to draw a triple bond is three straight lines connecting the two atoms.

===Polar Covalent Bonds===
Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar depending on the electro-negativity value of the atoms bonded together. If there is a very large difference between the two atoms' electro-negativity values, a polar covalent bond is formed. The atoms do not need to possess the same electro-negativity values, or be of the same element, but they need to be relatively close in their values. If the electro-negativity values are closer, the co-valency between the atoms will be stronger. An exception to this rule is when a molecule possesses symmetry. When the overall dipole moment is zero, such as linear molecule of CO2, the molecule is considered non-polar. The more electro-negative atom will attract the electrons, making itself have a partial negative charge and giving the other atom a partial positive charge. These partial negative and positive charges are what account for the dipole-dipole, dipole-induce dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole interaction. This attraction-to-repulsion stability is what gives the covalent bonds stability. In addition to the electro-negativity differences between atoms, covalent bonding depends on the angles of adjacent atoms relative to each other.&lt;ref&gt;Berg, Jeremy; Tymoczko, John; Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry, 6th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. 2007. (7)&lt;/ref&gt;

Typical accepted values for determination of type of bonds:

Difference in electronegativity - X &lt; 0.5 - Non-polar covalent bond

Difference in electronegativity - 0.5 ≤ X ≤ 1.9 - Polar covalent bond

Difference in electronegativity - 1.9 &lt; X - Ionic bond

===Specific Types Of Covalent Bonds===
&lt;big&gt;'''Disulfide Bonds '''&lt;/big&gt;
In Chemical interactions, certain compounds can react to create a '''disulfide bond''', which is a type of covalent bond that is usually derived by the coupling of two thiols (-S-H). These interactions can also be called '''SS-bonds''' or '''disulfide bridges''', with the connectivity of these interactions mainly being R-S-S-R . 

'''Role in Protein Folding'''
Disulfide bonds can play a vital role in the tertiary structure of proteins in the effect they have on protein folding and stability. These disulfide bonds between proteins usually are formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues. The other amino acid group in which sulfur appears is methionine, which cannot form disulfide bonds.
[[Image:Disulfide-bond.png|thumb|left|alt=Formation of a Disulfide Bond.|Formation of a Disulfide Bond.]]
Disulfide bonds help to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein molecule in several ways, for example, The disulfide bonds destabilize the unfolded form of a protein by lowering its overall entropy, or state or chaos. Also, when the disulfide bonds  link two segments of the protein chain, this increases the effective local concentration of protein residues and lowers the effects of water in a that specific region. Since water molecules are known to attack amide-amide bonds, lowering the effects of water in these disulfide bond- regions helps to stabilize a protein.

===Covalent Bond: Bond Length and Bond Energy===
The bond energy (BE) is the energy required for the attraction or breakage between the atoms. Since it is the energy needed to break the attraction between the atoms, the bond energy is endothermic and positive. However, the energy required for the formation of the bond is exothermic and a negative value. 
The bond length is the distance between the nuclei of two covalent bonded atoms. It can be calculated based on the total radii of the bonded atoms. As a result, the bond length increases when the covalent radius increases. And the shorter the bond length, the higher bond energy will be needed to break the attraction between the atoms because shorter distance between the atoms means the bond will be stronger and harder to break. On the other hand, the longer the bond length is, the lower bond energy is needed to break a weaker bond. 
One can use bond energy to determine the ΔH&lt;sub&gt;rxn&lt;/sub&gt;. In a reaction, when two atoms react with each other to form the product of different atoms, there are two types of bond energy. One is the energy required for the reactant to be broken and the other one is the energy required for products to be formed. As a result, the difference between the two bond energy is the enthalpy or the work of the reaction. 
ΔH&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rxn&lt;/sub&gt;= ΔH&lt;sub&gt;reactant bonds broken&lt;/sub&gt; + ΔH&lt;sub&gt;product bonds formed&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Silberberg, Martin S.(2010). Principles of General Chemistry (2nd Edition).McGraw Hill Publishing Company. ISBN978-0-07-351108-05&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{BookCat}}

Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry &quot;The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change.&quot; Fifth Edition.</text>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Ionic interaction</title>
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      <text bytes="5680" sha1="iy7mzisza9o6jl3q4z3awp9d46xt927" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:IonicBondingRH11.png|thumb|NaCl forming an Ionic Bond.png]]
An Ionic Bond is a specific type of chemical bond formed between a &quot;metal&quot; and a &quot;nonmetal.&quot; &quot;Metals&quot; involved in ionic bonds are usually the Alkali and Alkaline-Earth metals - also known as the first two columns on the period table - as well as several transition state metals. The non-metals usually involved in the ionic bonds are the halogens. 

The goal of forming chemical bonds is to have an octet. &quot;Octet&quot; means that an element has eight electrons. Another way of putting this phenomenon is to state that each element wants to have the electron configuration of a noble gas. For the non-metals, the goal is to achieve the electron configuration of the noble gas in the same row. For the metals, the goal is to have the electron configuration of the noble gas in the row directly preceding it. For example, chlorine wants the electron configuration of Argon while sodium wants that of Neon. Ionic bonds help achieve the octet because the metal effectively transfers its valence electrons to the nonmetal. In this way, both metal and nonmetal achieve noble-gas electron configurations. 

However, pure ionic bonds do not exist. There is a level of covalent-bond character in each ionic bond. As a general rule of thumb, the larger the electronegativity difference between the metal and nonmetal, the more ionic the bond, and therefore, the less covalent the bond. Electronegativity is the ability to draw electron density while in the presence of another atom. The more electronegative the atom, the greater its ability to pull electron density towards itself. 

'''Electrostatic interactions''' are also known as '''Charge-charge interactions''' and '''Ionic interactions'''. An '''electrostatic attraction''' exists when there are closely packed ions of opposite charges. An '''electrostatic repulsion''' is present between different ions that have the same charge.

[[Image:Magnesium Chloride.jpg]]

==Coulomb's Law==

The '''force''' between two point charges can be calculated by '''Coulomb’s law''',

&lt;big&gt;F&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1on2&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;big&gt;F&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2on1&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;big&gt;'''k'''q&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;big&gt;q&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;big&gt;/r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

In other words, the bond energy is directly proportional to the charges of the two atoms and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two atoms. F has the unit '''N''' (Newtons), r is the distance between the center of the two-point charges in meter, q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are the charges (in C, Coulombs) of each atom respectively. '''k''' is the constant, approximately equal &lt;math&gt;9.00 x 10^9&lt;/math&gt; N•m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;•C&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;. If the force is negative ('''F &lt; 0'''), it represents the existence of attraction since the only possible way to have F smaller than zero is if the sign of q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are different, or opposite, meaning the sign of charges for these two atoms are opposite. In other words, if the force is positive ('''F &gt; 0'''), it means the two charged atoms repel each other, due to the same sign of charges (both positive or negative charges.)

==Ionic bond energy==

The '''ionic bond energy''' between two-points charges can be calculated using the formula of electrical potential energy,

&lt;big&gt;U&lt;sub&gt;ele&lt;/sub&gt;= Kq&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;big&gt;q&lt;/big&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;big&gt;/r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

In other words, the bond energy is directly proportional to the charges of the two atoms and inversely proportional to the distance (bond length in microscopic level) between the two charged atoms. U&lt;sub&gt;ele&lt;/sub&gt; has the unit '''J''' (Joules), r is the distance between the ion centers in nanometers, and q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are the numerical ion charges. K is the constant, approximately equal &lt;math&gt;2.31 x 10&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−19&lt;/sup&gt; J•nm. It is also equal to '''k'''Q&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; x 10&lt;sup&gt;−9&lt;/sup&gt; (Conversion to nanomemter, nm) or Q&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/4'''&lt;math&gt;\pi\epsilon_0&lt;/math&gt;''' x 10&lt;sup&gt;−9&lt;/sup&gt; where '''k''' is approximately equal to &lt;math&gt;9.00 x 10^9&lt;/math&gt; Nm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; and Q is equal to the charge of a proton, &lt;math&gt;1.60 x 10&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−19&lt;/sup&gt;C; '''&lt;math&gt;\epsilon_0&lt;/math&gt;''' approximately equal to &lt;math&gt;8.85 x 10&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−12&lt;/sup&gt; C&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;N&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;•m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; or F•m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, representing the permittivity of free space.

{{BookCat}}

==Lattice Energy==
&lt;ref&gt;Silberberg, Martin S.(2010). Principles of General Chemistry (2nd Edition).McGraw Hill Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-07-351108-05&lt;/ref&gt;
Lattice energy (ΔH&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;lattice&lt;/sub&gt;) is the released energy from the interaction between ions. The positive sign of this energy indicates that the energy is needed for ions to form a solid. On the other hand, the negative sign of the energy indicates that the energy is needed for ionic solids to be separated into its gaseous ions. In addition, ionic interactions can be explained based on the lattice energy because the qualitative number of the energy indicates the ions' hardness, solubility, and melting point. Lattice energy can be predicted based on the effect of ionic size and ionic change. As one goes down the periodic table, the ionic radius increases. And as the radius increases, there would be a decrease in the electrostatic energy between the positively charged atom and negatively charged atom. As a result, there would be a decrease in the lattice energy. In addition, ionic charge can also determine the lattice energy. A greater amount of energy will be needed to bring a larger charged ions together than to form the smaller charged ions.

== References ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Exergonic reaction</title>
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      <text bytes="2295" sha1="tthlgzxe2hxi17od4bk489bn1unqnln" xml:space="preserve">== General information ==

[[File:Exergonic.jpg|right|350px|exergonic reaction]]

An '''exergonic reaction''' refers to a reaction where energy is released. Because the reactants lose energy (G decreases), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is negative under constant temperature and pressure. These reactions usually do not require energy to proceed, and therefore occur spontaneously. In a chemical reaction, breaking and forming bonds between atoms is a form of energy. Since chemical reactions mainly consist of forming and/or breaking chemical bonds, exergonic reactions release energy by breaking less stable chemical bonds and forming more stable bonds.
The example of exergonic reactions occur in our body is cellular respiration: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 -&gt; 6 CO2 + 6 H2O this reaction release energy which is used for cell activities. 


However, some exergonic reactions do not occur spontaneously and require a small input of energy to start the reaction. This input of energy is called '''activation energy'''. Once the activation energy requirement is fulfilled by an outside source, the reaction proceeds to break bonds and form new bonds and energy is released as the reaction takes place. This results in a net gain in energy in the surrounding system, and a net loss in energy from the reaction system; hence, the change in '''Gibbs free energy (ΔG)]''' is '''negative (ΔG &lt; 0)'''. A negative ΔG denotes that the reaction is '''spontaneous''' and '''thermodynamically favorable'''.
{{wikipedia|Gibbs free energy}}

Here is an endergonic reactions of ATP give energy.
First Breaking down the ATP formed ADP and Pi is an exergonic reaction, where Delta G is less than 0. However, by combining the reaction glucose+Pi ---&gt; glucose 6-phosphate, a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction. The cell can drive an endergonic reaction.
{{BookCat}}

==Conclusion==


Exergonic reaction is &lt;br /&gt;
*Free energy of final state &lt; free energy of initial state &lt;br /&gt;
*Free energy is free during the reaction&lt;br /&gt;
*The energy can be used to do biological work&lt;br /&gt;
*Able to work in spontaneous reaction&lt;br /&gt;
*doesn’t have to occur in great rate which is where the enzyme comes in&lt;br /&gt;
*-ΔG (negative number) &lt;br /&gt;

==Reference==
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exergon.htm</text>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Energy coupling in chemical reactions</title>
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      <comment>/* Energy Coupling */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4048" sha1="axqapyczy50so8xqyywqk8rk4vkve88" xml:space="preserve">== Energy Coupling ==
[[Image:Free energy.JPG|thumb|The total ∆G is negative because of the coupling of reactions. In this diagram, ∆G(1) stands for the change in G resulting from the reaction of glucose + Pi --&gt; Glucose 6-phosphate, ∆G(2) is the free energy resulting from the reaction of ATP --&gt; ADP + Pi, and ∆G3 is the total change in free energy by coupling these two reactions together.]]

Many chemicals' reactions are not spontaneous and require energy to occur. The spontaneity of a chemical reaction is determined by its [[Structural Biochemistry/Free energy|Gibbs free energy]] value. If negative, the reaction will proceed spontaneously; if positive, the reaction will not be spontaneous. Note that this is not equivalent to kinetics, or the speed of a reaction; Gibbs free energy only determines the spontaneity of a given reaction. How quickly the reaction proceeds is determined by other factors, such as the presence of enzymes, the amount of heat (energy) that the system has available, and the physical properties of the reacting molecules. 

Spontaneous reactions occur without the need for extra energy, but they may happen slowly. In order to catalyze non-spontaneous reactions, such as the synthesis of macromolecules, enzymes and coupling are used by the cell. Almost all reactions that take place in a cell are catalyzed by [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzymes]] that decrease the [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme/Activation energy|activation energy]] of the reaction. Essentially, this means that the enzyme opens up a more favorable &quot;pathway&quot; for the reaction, allowing it to initiate more easily than before, and with less energy. In addition, an unfavorable reaction can be coupled together with a favorable one to make the overall reaction favorable. For example, Glucose + P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; -&gt; Glucose-6-phosphate has a positive &lt;math&gt;delta&lt;/math&gt; G and is therefore unfavorable. But it can be coupled with ATP -&gt; ADP + P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; (which has a negative &lt;math&gt;delta&lt;/math&gt; G) to make the reaction favorable. The overall reaction thus becomes ATP + Glucose -&gt; ADP + Glucose-6-phosphate and has a negative &lt;math&gt;delta&lt;/math&gt; G. Therefore, ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell. However, it should be noted that other energy carrying molecules, such as GTP, do exist and are used for certain processes.

[[Structural Biochemistry/Anabolism|Anabolic]] and  [[Structural Biochemistry/Catabolism|catabolic]] processes are examples of how the cell couples reactions together to create efficient energy exchange cycles. These processes are explained in more detail in their respective sections; however, it is appropriate to mention them here as they provide a relevant example of reaction coupling. Basically, [[Structural Biochemistry/Catabolism|catabolic]] reactions are those that convert chemical fuels to molecules that the cell can use for energy, such as ATP and other high-energy compounds. [[Structural Biochemistry/Anabolism|Anabolic]] reactions are those that require some amount of energy to occur. Thus, the cell can conveniently couple anabolic reactions with catabolic ones - the products of catabolic reactions can be used to drive anabolic reactions to completion. This allows the cell to link different types of reactions together efficiently; it's almost a type of &quot;cellular recycling&quot;, as the products of one reaction (i.e. a catabolic one) can be re-used to help another reaction reach completion (i.e. an anabolic one).

{{BookCat}}

== Organisms are Energy Transducers ==
Organisms are transducers of energy, since in the transfer of energy they are less than 100% efficient. Organisms employ the energy harnessed to grow, repair, and maintain their bodies. The energy is also use to compete with other organisms, and to produce new organisms (offspring). In the process of doing these things, organisms generate waste, chemicals and heat. Organisms create local regions of order at the expense of using up some fraction of the total supply of useful energy found in the universe.</text>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life</title>
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      <text bytes="13884" sha1="l0x08161thdqu81alnq5bu4x3nc9rzr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background:white; border:1px solid #abd5f5;; padding:0px; border-spacing:0px;&quot;
 ! style=&quot;background:#d0e5f5;&quot; | Class Project
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Work done in this project will enable students to earn extra credit.
|}&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;!-- If you can include info on the class, teacher, school/university. You can also list the students that are participating.  --&gt;

==Introduction==
[[Image:3_domains_of_life.png|The three domains of life|right|thumb]]
[[Image:Celltypes.svg|The different parts of a Eukaryote and Prokaryote|right|thumb]]

In the past thirty years, scientists were able to use technological discoveries to redefine the classifications of life on earth. In 1977, American microbiologist, Carl Woese altered the previous two-domain system of Eukaryota (Eukarya) and Prokaryota. The Prokaryota domain was split into the two separate domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Woese was able to look  at the similarities and differences of living organisms at the genetic sequencing level. More specifically, Woese analyzed how closely organisms were related based on the 16S ribosomal RNA or [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)|rRNA]] present in all organisms. With the new knowledge from the study of organisms' biochemical differences, scientists were able to classify life on earth into three distinctive groups, or domains: [[w:Eukaryote|Eukarya]], [[w:Bacteria|Bacteria]], and [[w:Archaea|Archaea]]. Archaea is more closely related to Eukaryotes than Eubacteria

==Classification==
[[Image:Cells.png‎]]

==Eukarya==
[[Image:Eukaryota diversity 2.jpg|All multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells|left|thumb]]
Most living plants and animals are composed of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells receive their name from the Greek ''eu'' meaning true and ''karyon'' suggesting that they have a true nucleus which contains their [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/DNA|DNA]]. The determining factor for this domain is the presence of a distinct membrane-bound nucleus in each cell. The nucleus in eukaryotes consist of nuclear material enclosed with a double membrane, the nuclear envelope. Another distinctive feature of Eukarya is the presence of membrane-bound organelles in many of the cells.  This type of cell can divide in two processes mitosis and meiosis. It keeps its DNA in chromosomes. This domain includes all multicellular organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protists. Interestingly, human beings and yeast are both classified under this same domain.  Ciliates, fungi, flagellates, and microsporidia also belong in this domain.

Eukaryotic cells can be categorized in to two types of cells, [[Structural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Animal Cell|animal]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell|plant]] cells. 

Genes from natural communities continually reveal new species of microbial eukaryotes in previously unknown divisions. The genetic analysis shows that similar miniaturized eukaryotes branch from all the groups in the phylogenetic tree. 


Microbes include members of the three domains of life. The three domains of life are bacteria, archaea and eukarya.

==Prokaryota==
[[Image:Prokaryote cell.svg|350px|right]]
Out of the two prokaryotic cells are considerably simpler than eukaryotic cells.  Bacteria and archaea are considered prokaryotes. ''Prokaryotic'' comes from the Greek prefix ''pro'' which means before and the Greek root ''karyon'' which means kernel.  They tend to be smaller in size and are not as complex as eukaryotic cells. As their names suggests, prokaryotic cells lack any organelles enclosed with a membrane.  Their DNA is in an area called the nucleoid which also is not enclosed by a membrane. The nucleoid is not separated from the cytoplasm. Generally speaking, their chromosomes and plasmids are circular and naked, they have no nuclear envelope.  In addition, prokaryotic cells control genes via operons. But, like eukaryotic cells, they have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall. However, their cell wall contains petidoglycans which can't be found in Eukaryotic cells.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Neil A. Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco, 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;

Prokaryotic cells have been split in to two distinct groups, [[Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Bacteria|bacteria]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Archaea|archaea]].

===Bacteria===

This domain was considered prokaryote. It consists of all the unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms that do not have a cell nucleus or contain any organelles in their cells. Bacteria can be spherical, rod-like, or spiral in shape. Although bacteria contain ribosomes also found in Eukaryotes and Archaebacteria, bacterial ribosomes are much different in structure. Bacteria are characterized as having a cell wall (except for mycoplasma). Their cell walls are called peptidoglycans, which is composed of peptides and sugars. The cell wall gives the cell structure and shape. It also gives rigidity to prevent water from flowing into the cell membrane of the bacteria and causing the cell to burst. The cell wall usually lies exterior to the cell membrane as in Gram Positive cells. But in the case of Gram Negative bacterial cells, there is a second cell membrane that is exterior to the cell wall. This gives these types of bacteria unique properties to help it survive. Bacteria has straight chain fatty acids ester linked to glycerol. The membrane of bacteria is bilayer. The wall of bacteria has peptidoglycan or none. An example of bacteria can be mycoplasma. Mycoplasma has no wall. 

Bacteria also have flagella that help with their motility. The bacteria rotate their flagella in a counterclockwise manner and swim towards an attractant. To move away from a repellent, the flagella rotates clockwise and tumbles to change directions. Bacteria also have pili, which are used mainly for attachment and exchange of genetic information.

The gram stain differentiates bacteria into two fundamental varieties of cells based on staining properties of the cell wall. The two common types are: 1) Bacteria that retain the initial CV stain (purple) = gram +. 2) Those that are decolorized and stain pink with safranin = gram -.
Gram positive has thick walls that resists de-colorization and is composed of PG and teichoic acids. Teichoic acids anchor layers of peptidoglycan together. Lipoteichoic acid connects peptidoglycan to the membrane.
Some species have capsules: Sugar (polysaccharides)coating. They can protect against phagocytosis. The capsule is slippery, so when a phagocyte tries to eat the bacteria, it can slip away. It may also contribute to virulence and help cells stick to surfaces.
Some species have S-layers. S-layers consist of protein or glycoprotein. Its function is not totally clear, but its tough proteins may deter predators. It may contribute to cell shape and aid in protection against osmotic stress.

Gram negative has thin peptidoglycan layer outside the inner membrane (cytoplasmic membrane). It has lipoprotein (murein lipoprotein). Lipoprotein binds peptidoglycan to the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. The outer membrane has lipid-protein bilayer, which can be disrupted by de-colorization. The outer membrane has phospholipids, porins and LPS. The outer membrane's function is to protect permeability barrier (impermeable to large molecules and hydrophobic compounds from the environment). The porins of gram negative are channels that allow for transport of molecules across the membrane (sugars, amino acids, vitamins, etc, some antibiotic get through them as well. Porins provide permeability for entering and exiting compounds. The LPS of gram negative coats the surface of the cell. It increases the negative charge of the cell membrane-excludes large hydrophobic compounds such as bile salts and antibiotics (permeable only to low molecular weight, hydrophilic molecules). LPS may play a role as an adhesin used in colonization of the host. It helps protect cell against phagocytosis. The LPS of gram negative has three parts. The three parts are lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O polysaccharide. 1) Lipid A is important pathogenic factor (endotoxin- when released into a host's blood stream or GI tract causes toxicity of gram - infection. 2)The core oligosaccharide component that attaches directly to lipid A. One of the glucosamines of lipid A is linked to the core polysaccharide, extending out from the cell. The core oligosaccharide consists of 5 sugars. 3)O polysaccharide is the outermost domain of the LPS molecule. It is a repetitive glycan polymer attached to the core oligosaccharide. The composition of the O chain varies from strain to strain. Greater 160 different O antigen structures produced by different E. coli strains. These chains form a layer that helps bacteria resist phagocytosis by white blood cells. O-polysaccharides serves as an antigen or cell surface marker. It is exposed on the very outer surface of the bacterial cell, and, as a consequence, is a target for recognition by host antibodies. Variations in LPS structure provide for the existence of different antigenic strains of a pathogen that may be able to bypass a previous immunological response to a related strain &lt;ref&gt;Microbiology&lt;/ref&gt;.


Some bacteria have walls of intermediate structure and they stain in a variable manner. 

Mycobacteria have a cell envelope which is not typical of Gram positives or Gram negatives. The mycobacterial cell envelope does not consists of the outer membrane characteristic of Gram negative bacteria, but has a significant peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan-mycolic acid wall structure which provides an external permeability barrier. Moreover, mycobacteria contain waxy mycolic acids. They have thickest cell walls known. They are highly resistant to antimicrobials due to thick waxy envelope. The envelope also makes it hard to take up nutrients: slow growers. Mycobacteria have no dyes permeate thus neither gram positive nor gram negative &lt;ref&gt;Microbiology&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mycoplasma is considered to be bacteria. The lack of a cell wall makes these species resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. There are no cell walls to protect from osmotic pressure, so they use sterols to strengthen membrane or they live inside other cells.

Bacteria inhibit soils, surface waters, tissues of other living or decaying organisms.  Thermotoga, flavobacteria, cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria belong in this domain.

===Archaea===

Archaea is considered to be prokaryote. Archaea is referred to as &quot;archaebacteria.&quot; They have the appearance of bacteria with their unicellular rod and spiral-like structures. They are prokaryotes and lack a cell nucleus and other organelles. Archaea have the most extreme variations in phospholipid side-chain structures. Archaea have a branched hydrocarbon and ether linked to glycerol. Ether links between glycerol and fatty acids. Hydrocarbon chains are branched terpenoids (polymeric structures derived from isporene-every 4th carbon extends a methyl branch). The branches strengthen the membrane by limiting movement of the hydrocarbon chains. The membrane of archaea is bilayer or monolayer. In the wall of archaea, there are peptidoglycan and S-layer. Unlike bacteria, Archaea possess genes and pathways that evolutionarily link them closer to eukaryotes than to bacteria. Archaea contain the [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzymes]] used for transcription and translation which reflects their closer similarity to eukaryotic organisms rather than bacteria. However, they are unlike eukaryotes in that they use a larger range of sources in order to gain energy. As a result of their differences from bacteria and eukaryotes, Archaea was placed into its own category. Archaea can live in extreme and harsh conditions not suited for other living organisms. For example, thermophiles occupy hot springs or volcanoes, while halophiles inhabit salty bodies of water such as the Dead Sea. Archaea were later discovered in a broader range of habitats. The extreme environments that many archaea live in are at high pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures. Archaea are the best extremophiles. Archaea have such variability of wall structure that the Gram stain is not a useful differentiating tool. 

There are other several traits of Archaea. Archaea has membrane lipids (diethers or isoprenoid L-glycerol ethers; the membrane lipid chains stiffen by covalent cross-links or by forming pentacyclic rings. Also, Archaea has Pseudomurein sacculus that contains talosaminuronic acid whereas the peptide bridges has only the L-amino acids. 

In the Archaea gene regulation, the genomes of Archaea is similar to Bacteria in size and gene density, and genes of related function are often arranged in operons. Some tRNA gene sequences are interrupted by nontranslated sequences. These nontranslational sequences are called introns. So, the transcription factors is similar to eukaryotes. 

Archaea includes two phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. In the phylum Crenarchaeota, it has a substantial proportion of soil, marine, and benthic microbial communities. The metabolic crenarchaeotes metabolize sulfur, and it is either by aerobic oxidation or anaerobic reduction (which means no oxygen is required). However, in the phylum Euryarchaeota, it has members in soil and water. They have more metabolism than that in Crenarchaeota. Methanogens are the divergent group of Euryarchaeota. 

Thermoplasma can be considered as archaea. Thermoplasma are thermoAcidophiles that thrive at pH&lt;2. They are tetraether lipid monolayer membrane.  Extreme halophiles, methanogens, and extreme thermophiles belong in this domain.

==References==
{{reflist}}

Slonczewski, Joan L. Microbiology. 2nd ed. New York, 2009.

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&lt;!-- If you can include info on the class, teacher, school/university. You can also list the students that are participating.  --&gt;

==Introduction==
[[Image:3_domains_of_life.png|The three domains of life|right|thumb]]
[[Image:Celltypes.svg|The different parts of a Eukaryote and Prokaryote|right|thumb]]

In the past thirty years, scientists were able to use technological discoveries to redefine the classifications of life on earth. In 1977, American microbiologist, Carl Woese altered the previous two-domain system of Eukaryota (Eukarya) and Prokaryota. The Prokaryota domain was split into the two separate domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Woese was able to look  at the similarities and differences of living organisms at the genetic sequencing level. More specifically, Woese analyzed how closely organisms were related based on the 16S ribosomal RNA or [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)|rRNA]] present in all organisms. With the new knowledge from the study of organisms' biochemical differences, scientists were able to classify life on earth into three distinctive groups, or domains: [[w:Eukaryote|Eukarya]], [[w:Bacteria|Bacteria]], and [[w:Archaea|Archaea]]. Archaea is more closely related to Eukaryotes than Eubacteria

==Classification==
[[Image:Cells.png]]

==Eukarya==
[[Image:Eukaryota diversity 2.jpg|All multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells|left|thumb]]
Most living plants and animals are composed of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells receive their name from the Greek ''eu'' meaning true and ''karyon'' suggesting that they have a true nucleus which contains their [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/DNA|DNA]]. The determining factor for this domain is the presence of a distinct membrane-bound nucleus in each cell. The nucleus in eukaryotes consist of nuclear material enclosed with a double membrane, the nuclear envelope. Another distinctive feature of Eukarya is the presence of membrane-bound organelles in many of the cells.  This type of cell can divide in two processes mitosis and meiosis. It keeps its DNA in chromosomes. This domain includes all multicellular organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protists. Interestingly, human beings and yeast are both classified under this same domain.  Ciliates, fungi, flagellates, and microsporidia also belong in this domain.

Eukaryotic cells can be categorized in to two types of cells, [[Structural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Animal Cell|animal]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell|plant]] cells. 

Genes from natural communities continually reveal new species of microbial eukaryotes in previously unknown divisions. The genetic analysis shows that similar miniaturized eukaryotes branch from all the groups in the phylogenetic tree. 


Microbes include members of the three domains of life. The three domains of life are bacteria, archaea and eukarya.

==Prokaryota==
[[Image:Prokaryote cell.svg|350px|right]]
Out of the two prokaryotic cells are considerably simpler than eukaryotic cells.  Bacteria and archaea are considered prokaryotes. ''Prokaryotic'' comes from the Greek prefix ''pro'' which means before and the Greek root ''karyon'' which means kernel.  They tend to be smaller in size and are not as complex as eukaryotic cells. As their names suggests, prokaryotic cells lack any organelles enclosed with a membrane.  Their DNA is in an area called the nucleoid which also is not enclosed by a membrane. The nucleoid is not separated from the cytoplasm. Generally speaking, their chromosomes and plasmids are circular and naked, they have no nuclear envelope.  In addition, prokaryotic cells control genes via operons. But, like eukaryotic cells, they have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall. However, their cell wall contains petidoglycans which can't be found in Eukaryotic cells.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Neil A. Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco, 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;

Prokaryotic cells have been split in to two distinct groups, [[Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Bacteria|bacteria]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Archaea|archaea]].

===Bacteria===

This domain was considered prokaryote. It consists of all the unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms that do not have a cell nucleus or contain any organelles in their cells. Bacteria can be spherical, rod-like, or spiral in shape. Although bacteria contain ribosomes also found in Eukaryotes and Archaebacteria, bacterial ribosomes are much different in structure. Bacteria are characterized as having a cell wall (except for mycoplasma). Their cell walls are called peptidoglycans, which is composed of peptides and sugars. The cell wall gives the cell structure and shape. It also gives rigidity to prevent water from flowing into the cell membrane of the bacteria and causing the cell to burst. The cell wall usually lies exterior to the cell membrane as in Gram Positive cells. But in the case of Gram Negative bacterial cells, there is a second cell membrane that is exterior to the cell wall. This gives these types of bacteria unique properties to help it survive. Bacteria has straight chain fatty acids ester linked to glycerol. The membrane of bacteria is bilayer. The wall of bacteria has peptidoglycan or none. An example of bacteria can be mycoplasma. Mycoplasma has no wall. 

Bacteria also have flagella that help with their motility. The bacteria rotate their flagella in a counterclockwise manner and swim towards an attractant. To move away from a repellent, the flagella rotates clockwise and tumbles to change directions. Bacteria also have pili, which are used mainly for attachment and exchange of genetic information.

The gram stain differentiates bacteria into two fundamental varieties of cells based on staining properties of the cell wall. The two common types are: 1) Bacteria that retain the initial CV stain (purple) = gram +. 2) Those that are decolorized and stain pink with safranin = gram -.
Gram positive has thick walls that resists de-colorization and is composed of PG and teichoic acids. Teichoic acids anchor layers of peptidoglycan together. Lipoteichoic acid connects peptidoglycan to the membrane.
Some species have capsules: Sugar (polysaccharides)coating. They can protect against phagocytosis. The capsule is slippery, so when a phagocyte tries to eat the bacteria, it can slip away. It may also contribute to virulence and help cells stick to surfaces.
Some species have S-layers. S-layers consist of protein or glycoprotein. Its function is not totally clear, but its tough proteins may deter predators. It may contribute to cell shape and aid in protection against osmotic stress.

Gram negative has thin peptidoglycan layer outside the inner membrane (cytoplasmic membrane). It has lipoprotein (murein lipoprotein). Lipoprotein binds peptidoglycan to the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. The outer membrane has lipid-protein bilayer, which can be disrupted by de-colorization. The outer membrane has phospholipids, porins and LPS. The outer membrane's function is to protect permeability barrier (impermeable to large molecules and hydrophobic compounds from the environment). The porins of gram negative are channels that allow for transport of molecules across the membrane (sugars, amino acids, vitamins, etc, some antibiotic get through them as well. Porins provide permeability for entering and exiting compounds. The LPS of gram negative coats the surface of the cell. It increases the negative charge of the cell membrane-excludes large hydrophobic compounds such as bile salts and antibiotics (permeable only to low molecular weight, hydrophilic molecules). LPS may play a role as an adhesin used in colonization of the host. It helps protect cell against phagocytosis. The LPS of gram negative has three parts. The three parts are lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O polysaccharide. 1) Lipid A is important pathogenic factor (endotoxin- when released into a host's blood stream or GI tract causes toxicity of gram - infection. 2)The core oligosaccharide component that attaches directly to lipid A. One of the glucosamines of lipid A is linked to the core polysaccharide, extending out from the cell. The core oligosaccharide consists of 5 sugars. 3)O polysaccharide is the outermost domain of the LPS molecule. It is a repetitive glycan polymer attached to the core oligosaccharide. The composition of the O chain varies from strain to strain. Greater 160 different O antigen structures produced by different E. coli strains. These chains form a layer that helps bacteria resist phagocytosis by white blood cells. O-polysaccharides serves as an antigen or cell surface marker. It is exposed on the very outer surface of the bacterial cell, and, as a consequence, is a target for recognition by host antibodies. Variations in LPS structure provide for the existence of different antigenic strains of a pathogen that may be able to bypass a previous immunological response to a related strain &lt;ref&gt;Microbiology&lt;/ref&gt;.


Some bacteria have walls of intermediate structure and they stain in a variable manner. 

Mycobacteria have a cell envelope which is not typical of Gram positives or Gram negatives. The mycobacterial cell envelope does not consists of the outer membrane characteristic of Gram negative bacteria, but has a significant peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan-mycolic acid wall structure which provides an external permeability barrier. Moreover, mycobacteria contain waxy mycolic acids. They have thickest cell walls known. They are highly resistant to antimicrobials due to thick waxy envelope. The envelope also makes it hard to take up nutrients: slow growers. Mycobacteria have no dyes permeate thus neither gram positive nor gram negative &lt;ref&gt;Microbiology&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mycoplasma is considered to be bacteria. The lack of a cell wall makes these species resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. There are no cell walls to protect from osmotic pressure, so they use sterols to strengthen membrane or they live inside other cells.

Bacteria inhibit soils, surface waters, tissues of other living or decaying organisms.  Thermotoga, flavobacteria, cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria belong in this domain.

===Archaea===

Archaea is considered to be prokaryote. Archaea is referred to as &quot;archaebacteria.&quot; They have the appearance of bacteria with their unicellular rod and spiral-like structures. They are prokaryotes and lack a cell nucleus and other organelles. Archaea have the most extreme variations in phospholipid side-chain structures. Archaea have a branched hydrocarbon and ether linked to glycerol. Ether links between glycerol and fatty acids. Hydrocarbon chains are branched terpenoids (polymeric structures derived from isporene-every 4th carbon extends a methyl branch). The branches strengthen the membrane by limiting movement of the hydrocarbon chains. The membrane of archaea is bilayer or monolayer. In the wall of archaea, there are peptidoglycan and S-layer. Unlike bacteria, Archaea possess genes and pathways that evolutionarily link them closer to eukaryotes than to bacteria. Archaea contain the [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzymes]] used for transcription and translation which reflects their closer similarity to eukaryotic organisms rather than bacteria. However, they are unlike eukaryotes in that they use a larger range of sources in order to gain energy. As a result of their differences from bacteria and eukaryotes, Archaea was placed into its own category. Archaea can live in extreme and harsh conditions not suited for other living organisms. For example, thermophiles occupy hot springs or volcanoes, while halophiles inhabit salty bodies of water such as the Dead Sea. Archaea were later discovered in a broader range of habitats. The extreme environments that many archaea live in are at high pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures. Archaea are the best extremophiles. Archaea have such variability of wall structure that the Gram stain is not a useful differentiating tool. 

There are other several traits of Archaea. Archaea has membrane lipids (diethers or isoprenoid L-glycerol ethers; the membrane lipid chains stiffen by covalent cross-links or by forming pentacyclic rings. Also, Archaea has Pseudomurein sacculus that contains talosaminuronic acid whereas the peptide bridges has only the L-amino acids. 

In the Archaea gene regulation, the genomes of Archaea is similar to Bacteria in size and gene density, and genes of related function are often arranged in operons. Some tRNA gene sequences are interrupted by nontranslated sequences. These nontranslational sequences are called introns. So, the transcription factors is similar to eukaryotes. 

Archaea includes two phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. In the phylum Crenarchaeota, it has a substantial proportion of soil, marine, and benthic microbial communities. The metabolic crenarchaeotes metabolize sulfur, and it is either by aerobic oxidation or anaerobic reduction (which means no oxygen is required). However, in the phylum Euryarchaeota, it has members in soil and water. They have more metabolism than that in Crenarchaeota. Methanogens are the divergent group of Euryarchaeota. 

Thermoplasma can be considered as archaea. Thermoplasma are thermoAcidophiles that thrive at pH&lt;2. They are tetraether lipid monolayer membrane.  Extreme halophiles, methanogens, and extreme thermophiles belong in this domain.

==References==
{{reflist}}

Slonczewski, Joan L. Microbiology. 2nd ed. New York, 2009.

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      <text bytes="13953" sha1="1f2cop19mfqefo9w9aypqsch8bzub4o" xml:space="preserve">==Background Information==

'''Carbohydrates''' consist of numerous functions that are important to living organisms. They are also known as saccharides, or [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|sugar]] if they exist in small quantities; these names are used interchangeably to describe the same thing. The simplest carbohydrates are the monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars. Disaccharides are double sugars, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond. Carbohydrates also include polysaccharides, which are polymers composed of many sugar building blocks. The name &quot;carbohydrate&quot; is derived from 'hydrates of carbon', and they arise from photosynthesis, where they exist as products. 

Carbohydrates are the most abundant aldehyde compounds found in living organisms. They provide storage, transport starch and glycogen that provide energy to bodies, and contain structural components such as cellulose in plants and chitin in animals. Additionally, they contribute to the immune system, fertilization, pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.

== Structure of Carbohydrates ==
[[File:Hexosen.png|right|thumb|Examples of Carbohydrates.]]
The common chemical formula for carbohydrates is C&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;n&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;(H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;n&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, where the ratios are usually 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogens: 1 Oxygen. Trioses, pentoses, and hexoses are found most commonly among [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides|monosaccharides]].Their structure is composed of the functional groups, aldehyde and ketone, which are attached with various amount of  [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Hydroxyl|hydroxyl]]groups. The hydroxyl groups are usually attached to the carbons not a part of the aldehyde or ketone functional groups, to form [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Aldoses|aldoses]] and ketoses[[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Ketoses|Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Ketoses]], respectively. The most elementary carbohydrates comprise polyhydroxyaldehydes (an aldehyde moiety) or polyhydroxyketones (a ketone moiety). There are four general classes of carbohydrates: [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides|monosaccharides]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Disaccharides|disaccharides]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Oligosaccharides|oligosaccharides]], and [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Polysaccharides|polysaccharides]].

==Classification and Nomenclature==
[[File:DGlucose Fischer.svg]]

The most important carbohydrate is glucose. In general, monosaccharides have one carbonyl group (aldehyde, ketone, or acid), and the remaining carbons each bear one hydroxyl group. Monosaccharides can be linked together via ether and/or acetal bonds to form very large polymers called polysaccharides. A disaccharide consists of 2 linked monosaccharides and so on. Almost all saccharides in nature have at least one chiral carbon and they occur in nature as a single enantiomer. Glucose has 4 chiral carbons and has 15 other stereoisomers for a total of 16 possible stereoisomers of this gross structural formula. 


The suffix –ose is often used in describing and naming carbohydrates. For example:
* A carbohydrate with 6 carbons is called a hexose
* A carbohydrate with 5 carbons is called a pentose
* A carbohydrate with an aldehyde as its carbonyl unit is called an aldose
* A carbohydrate with a ketone as its carbonyl unit is called a ketose

Looking at glyceraldehyde:

[[File:DL-Glycerinaldehyd.svg]]

Enantiomers behave identically whether its a D or L conformation they both have the same boiling point, melting point and solubility. A different conformation seen in carbohydrates are diastereomers. Diasteriomers have the same chemical formula but different connectivity. A monosaccharide that has diastereomer conformation have different chemical and physical property. the D/l configuration applies to the highest numbered stereocenter (in most cases the highest stereocenter is the second to last hydroxyl group in a sugar molecule). The D/L configuration, like chiral molecules, means that the molecules will gradually rotate under polarization direction of linearly polarized light as it passes through, even under solution. D/L configuration also can be used in nomenclature to distinguish carbohydrate stereoisomers (meaning they have the same physical and chemical properties as well as the same formula, but rotate differently in polarized light) with the same formula.  Naturally-occurring glyceralde has an R-configured chiral carbon. This is called D-glyceraldehyde. The opposite enantiomer is called L-glyceraldehyde. The D and the L refer to the configuration of the highest numbered chiral carbon when viewed in Fischer configuration. D-has the hydroxyl on the right side and the L has the hydroxyl on the left side. Almost all naturally occurring carbohydrates are of D-configuration.

==Monosaccharides==

The most basic carbohydrate is the [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides|monosaccharides]] (e.g. glucose, fructose, and galactose with the structural formula C&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;12&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;), and it consists of 3 carbons or more within the molecule. Monosaccharides may appear to be linear molecules, but when they come in contact with aqueous solutions, they tend to form 5-carbon ring structures, which makes the molecules more stable. Monosaccharides are classified by their placement of the carbonyl group and its chirality. If the carbonyl group is a ketone, the monosaccharide is referred to as a ketose. However, if the [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carbonyl|carbonyl]] is an aldehyde, the monosaccharide is called a aldose. There are more possible configurations of the aldose form than ketose due to the presence of more chiral carbons found in aldoses. Carbons that have a [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Hydroxyl|hydroxyl]] group (-OH), disregarding both the first and last carbons are asymmetric. The asymmetric carbons lead to the two possible forms (R and S)which corresponds to the D- and L- configurations. Combining two monosaccharides together would result in a [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Disaccharides|disaccharide]], linked via a [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein Glycosylation|glycosidic bond]]; and condensation reaction is the process that fuses two monosaccharides together. Such reactions form a disaccharide by removing a [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Hydroxyl|hydroxyl]] group from one monosaccharide[[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides|Monosaccharides]] and a proton from the other.

''Ring Structure of Monosaccharides''
After hemiacetals and hemiketals form, the carbohydrate will form a ring structure. For example, in Glucose the Hydroxyl group from the Carbon 6 will attack the carbonyl Carbon from Carbon 1, with a hemiacetal intermediate. The Carbon that will then change from a carbonyl carbon to a carbon with a hydroxy will then be called an anomeric carbon. An anomeric carbon is the hemiacetal or hemiketal that is bounded by an alcohol group and an ester bond. Anomers are another form of isomers that differ in the hemiacetals or hemiketals.The most common structure of a glucose ring is the alpha conformation in contrast with the sterically hindered Beta conformation. The alpha conformation is structure in which the hydroxyl in Carbon 1 is facing the opposite of the plane as carbon 6, while the beta conformation is facing in the same plane as the Carbon 6 thus causing steric hinderance. For this reason of steric hinderance the alpha conformation is much more stable than beta.

''Monosaccharide Streoisomer''
[[File:Monosaccharide_stereoisomers.svg|center|thumb|300px|[[Monosaccharide stereoisomers]]]]
''Modified Monsaccharide''
[[File:Modified monosaccharides.png|center|thumb|500px|[[Modified Monosaccharide example]]]]

==Disaccharides and Polysaccharides==

Monosaccharides not only form disaccharides, but polysaccharides as well. It is called an oligosaccharides if monosaccharides are linked by O-glycosidc bonds. The only difference between disaccharides and polysaccharides is that there are more monosaccharides combined together into a long chain, whereas disaccharides only consist of 2 combined monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are frequently long chains of glucose monomers bonded together. There are two types of polysaccharides: Homo-polysaccharides and Hetero-polysaccharides. Homo-polysaccharides are chains of one type of monosaccharides, while Hetero-polysaccharides consist of multiple types of monosaccharides. Both types of polysaccharides can exist in either branched or unbranched forms. Some crucial homo-polysaccharides, like starch, glycogen and dextrans, play a role in energy storage, while other homo-polysaccharides like cellulose and chitin have more structure-based roles. The diversity of these branched and unbranched carbohydrates is due to the number of hydroxyl groups present in the sugar. Any one of these hydroxyl groups can act as the alcohol in the formation of the glycosidic linkage. One sugar acts as the alcohol while the other has the anomeric carbon that ca for the O-glycosidic bond. This reaction can occur 1,4 or 1,6 depending on the alpha (pointing down) and beta (pointing up) orientations of the hydroxyl groups. These orientations organize the sugars into different structures. Alpha and Beta sheets form with sugars arranged with the least amount of steric hindrance.

Monosaccharides and disaccharides seem to be stable compounds, but that is not necessarily true, since they are hemiacetals with reactive carbonyls in their structure. Hemiacetals, with the general formula R1R'1C(OH)OR2 where R2 is not a hydrogen, and is formed by the reaction of carbonyl compounds with alcohols, and the carbonyl group is fairly reactive. Because the [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carbonyl|carbonyl]] groups are very reactive, they can oxidize to products in a short period of time. However, some carbohydrates are acetals and, as such, prevent carbohydrates from oxidizing. This occurs because the anomeric carbon is fixed in a [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein Glycosylation|glycosidic linkage]]. Because of this resistance against oxidation, acetals are known as the non-reducing sugars, like sucrose, while the hemiacetals are known as the reducing sugars, such as glucose, maltose, and lactose.

Two or more monosaccharides are linked by a [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein Glycosylation|glycosidic bond]]. The links can be alpha or beta depending on the position of the bond formed. Monosaccharides can also form bonds with amino acids to form glycoproteins. A sugar linked to an asparagine is N-linked, or linked from the sugar to the nitrogen of ASN. A sugar attached to Serine or Threonine is O-linked, or linked from the carbon on the sugar to the oxygen in those two [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]]. An Asparagine residue can only accept an oligosaccharides if the residue is a part of an Asn-X-Ser or Asn-x-Thr sequence, where x can be anytype of amino acid.  Therefore, potential site can be detected within amino acid sequences.

'''Glucogen Metabolism'''
Glucose metabolism and various forms of it in the process is described by the process below. Glucose-containing compounds are digested and taken up by the body in the intestines, including starch, glycogen, disaccharides and as monosaccharide. Glucose is stored in mainly the liver and muscles as glycogen. It is distributed and utilized in tissues as free glucose.

[[File:Glucose metabolism.png|center|thumb|600px|Examples of glucogen metabolism.]]

==Hemiacetal and Hemiketal==
An aldehyde or a ketone can react with an alcohol to yield a hemiacetal or a hemiketal.Hemiacetals and hemiketals are compounds that are derived from aldehydes and ketones respectively. The Greek word hèmi means half. These compounds are formed by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. When the alcohol group is replaced by a second alkoxy group, an acetal or a ketal, respectively, is formed. For example, the acetal formation ends with having two ethers on the target carbon, whereas the hemiacetal and hemiketal has both an alcohol and ether group. 

''' Example of Hemiacetal and Hemiketal Formation'''
[[File:Hemiacetal Formation.jpg|center|thumb|600px|1- Hemiacetal Formation.]]
[[File:Hemiketal formation.PNG|center|thumb|600px|2- Hemiketal formation.]]


==In Carbohydrates==
The same way aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form hemiacetals and hemiketals, respectively, carbohydrates react intermolecularly to form rings. When forming a ring 5 or 6 membered ring is most favorable and will only be formed. The Carbon 1 will be attacked by either the Carbon 5 or Carbon 6 hydroxyl group to form a 5 or 6 membered (respectively)carbohydrate ring.

The carbohydrates are a major source of metabolic energy, both for plants and for animals that depend on plants for food. Aside from the sugars and starches that meet this vital nutritional role, carbohydrates also serve as a structural material (cellulose), a component of the energy transport compound ATP, recognition sites on cell surfaces, and one of three essential components of DNA and RNA.
Carbohydrates are called saccharides or, if they are relatively small, sugars.

==References==
Berg, Biochemistry, 6th Edition

http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/carbohydrates.html

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/biochemistry/biochemi.htm

Viadiu, Hector. &quot;Carbohydrates.&quot; Chem 114A. UCSD, La Jolla. 19 Nov. 2012. Lecture.
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1f2cop19mfqefo9w9aypqsch8bzub4o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Zeroth Law</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640707</id>
      <parentid>3017114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:29:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4640707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1743" sha1="hcguurwxd6dz8edu2fbhlizv2ac926v" xml:space="preserve">== Definition ==


The Zeroth law (also called equilibrium law) states that &quot;if objects A and B are separate in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other&quot; (Jewett, Serway. ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers - 6th ed'').

The Zeroth Law of thermodynamics focuses on the thermal equilibrium of two connected bodies in the same system. This ''thermal equilibrium'' is made apparent when an object of higher temperature transfers heat to an object that is of lower temperature. Eventually, both bodies reach the same temperature where the change in heat between the two is no longer measurable. They reach a constant temperature which exists between the two starting temperatures.

To take this definition one step further, let's consider a hypothetical situation of three systems, where system A is in contact with system B only, and system B is only in contact with system C, and we assume that A,B, and C are in thermal equilibrium then all three objects have the same temperature

[[Image:Thermal_equilibrium.jpg]]

== History ==


This law was named and further studied by Ralph H. Fowler, a British physician and astronomer who contributed widely to physical chemistry and statistics. The Zeroth Law was developed long after the first three thermodynamic laws had been established. Scientists did not realize the law's extreme importance long after its discovery. Because the law was basic and laid the foundation for the rest of the thermodynamic laws, it was called the Zeroth Law rather than the Fourth Thermodynamic Law. 

This law allows us to make quantitative measurements about the temperature of one system by relating it to the temperature of other systems.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hcguurwxd6dz8edu2fbhlizv2ac926v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Icelandic/What time is it?</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174285</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>2609143</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T05:21:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andotier</username>
        <id>3510809</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640760</origin>
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      <text bytes="3608" sha1="gme6y8ke61sgqogps8ns174g3r800dq" xml:space="preserve">{{Icelandic contents}}

'''Athugið:''' [[klukka|Klukkan]] er í [[hvorugkyn]]i, [[mínúta]] og [[klukkustund]] eru í [[kvenkyn]]i og [[klukkutími]] er í [[karlkyn]]i.

{| id=toc style=&quot;margin-left: 15px;&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot;|[[klukka|hvað er klukkan?]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#dedeee&quot;| Klukkutímar
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#eedede&quot;| Mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#eedede&quot;| Klukkustundir
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#deeede&quot;| Klukkan
|-
|colspan=&quot;8&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[1]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[einn]] klukkutími
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[ein]] mínúta
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| ein klukkustund
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[eitt]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[2]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[tveir]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[tvær]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| tvær klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[tvö]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[3]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[þrír]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[þrjár]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| þrjár klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[þrjú]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[4]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[fjórir]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[fjórar]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| fjórar klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[fjögur]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[5]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[fimm]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[fimm]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| fimm klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[fimm]]
|-
|}

==Dæmi:==

*Hvað er klukkan? - What's the time?
*Klukkan/hún er... - (It's... )

{| id=toc style=&quot;margin-left: 15px;&quot;
|[[Image:Klukkan tólf.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tólf.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan korter yfir eitt.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er korter yfir eitt.&lt;br/&gt;Klukkan er fimmtán mínútur yfir eitt.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan hálfþrjú.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er hálfþrjú.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan korter í fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er korter í fjögur.&lt;br/&gt;Klukkan er fimmtán mínútur í fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan fimm mínútur yfir fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er fimm mínútur yfir fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan fimm mínútur í hálfsex.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er fimm mínútur í hálfsex.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tíu mínútur yfir hálfsjö.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tíu mínútur yfir hálfsjö.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tíu mínútur í átta.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tíu mínútur í átta.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan ein mínúta yfir níu.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er ein mínúta yfir níu.&lt;br/&gt;(Klukkan er [[Wiktionary:rúmlega|rúmlega]] níu.)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tvær mínútur í fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tvær mínútur í fjögur.&lt;br/&gt;(Klukkan er [[Wiktionary:tæplega|tæplega]] fjögur.)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|17:34 
|Klukkan er sautján þrjátíu og fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|08:00—15:00 
|Frá klukkan átta til fimmtán.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|07:00↔16:00 
|Milli klukkan sjö og sextán.
|}

*See also [[wikt:is:Viðauki:Klukkan|Viðauki:Klukkan]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gme6y8ke61sgqogps8ns174g3r800dq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640761</id>
      <parentid>4640760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T05:27:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andotier</username>
        <id>3510809</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>PLEASE remember to link it to wiktionary!!!!</comment>
      <origin>4640761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4022" sha1="m3rw2uhipsogca1n452jm6oaugy4zis" xml:space="preserve">{{Icelandic contents}}

'''Athugið:''' [[Wiktionary:klukka|Klukkan]] er í [[Wiktionary:hvorugkyn|hvorugkyn]]i, [[Wiktionary:mínúta|mínúta]] og [[Wiktionary:klukkustund|klukkustund]] eru í [[Wiktionary:kvenkyn|kvenkyn]]i og [[Wiktionary:klukkutími|klukkutími]] er í [[Wiktionary:karlkyn|karlkyni]].

{| id=toc style=&quot;margin-left: 15px;&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot;|[[Wiktionary:hvað er klukkan|hvað er klukkan?]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#dedeee&quot;| Klukkutímar
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#eedede&quot;| Mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#eedede&quot;| Klukkustundir
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|bgcolor=&quot;#deeede&quot;| Klukkan
|-
|colspan=&quot;8&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#aaaaaa&quot;| 
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[1]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[Wiktionary:einn|einn]] klukkutími
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[Wiktionary:ein|ein]] mínúta
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| ein klukkustund
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[Wiktionary:eitt|eitt]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[2]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[Wiktionary:tveir|tveir]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[Wiktionary:tvær|tvær]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| tvær klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[Wiktionary:tvö|tvö]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[3]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[Wiktionary:þrír|þrír]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[Wiktionary:þrjár|þrjár]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| þrjár klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[Wiktionary:þrjú|þrjú]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[4]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[Wiktionary:fjórir|fjórir]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[Wiktionary:fjórar|fjórar]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| fjórar klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[Wiktionary:fjögur|fjögur]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;| &lt;small&gt;[[5]]&lt;/small&gt;
|bgcolor=&quot;#efefff&quot;| [[Wiktionary:fimm|fimm]] klukkutímar
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| [[Wiktionary:fimm|fimm]] mínútur
|bgcolor=&quot;#ffefef&quot;| fimm klukkustundir
|bgcolor=&quot;#efffef&quot;| klukkan er [[Wiktionary:fimm|fimm]]
|-
|}

==Dæmi:==

*Hvað er klukkan? - What's the time?
*Klukkan/hún er... - (It's... )

{| id=toc style=&quot;margin-left: 15px;&quot;
|[[Image:Klukkan tólf.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tólf.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan korter yfir eitt.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er korter yfir eitt.&lt;br/&gt;Klukkan er fimmtán mínútur yfir eitt.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan hálfþrjú.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er hálfþrjú.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan korter í fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er korter í fjögur.&lt;br/&gt;Klukkan er fimmtán mínútur í fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan fimm mínútur yfir fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er fimm mínútur yfir fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan fimm mínútur í hálfsex.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er fimm mínútur í hálfsex.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tíu mínútur yfir hálfsjö.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tíu mínútur yfir hálfsjö.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tíu mínútur í átta.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tíu mínútur í átta.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan ein mínúta yfir níu.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er ein mínúta yfir níu.&lt;br/&gt;(Klukkan er [[Wiktionary:rúmlega|rúmlega]] níu.)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|[[Image:Klukkan tvær mínútur í fjögur.svg|100px]]
|Klukkan er tvær mínútur í fjögur.&lt;br/&gt;(Klukkan er [[Wiktionary:tæplega|tæplega]] fjögur.)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|17:34 
|Klukkan er sautján þrjátíu og fjögur.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|08:00—15:00 
|Frá klukkan átta til fimmtán.
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e0e0e0&quot;| 
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:right;font-size:130%&quot;|07:00↔16:00 
|Milli klukkan sjö og sextán.
|}

*See also [[wikt:is:Viðauki:Klukkan|Viðauki:Klukkan]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>m3rw2uhipsogca1n452jm6oaugy4zis</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Front matter</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179699</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640754</id>
      <parentid>4089747</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35719-36</username>
        <id>3608413</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tried to make the sentence</comment>
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      <text bytes="2533" sha1="odr2r3zy5so5xnn06bk503yxwz9b11t" xml:space="preserve">All example Python source code in this tutorial is granted to the public domain.  Therefore you may modify it and relicense it under any license you please. Since you are expected to learn programming, know that the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license would require you to keep all programs that are derived from the source code in this tutorial under that license. Since the Python source code is granted to the public domain, that requirement is waived.

This tutorial is more or less a conversion of [[Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6]].  Older versions and some versions in Korean, Spanish, Italian and Greek are available from [http://jjc.freeshell.org/easytut/ http://jjc.freeshell.org/easytut/]

The ''Non-Programmers' Tutorial For Python 3'' is a tutorial designed to be an introduction to the Python programming language.  Originally, this guide is for someone with no programming experience. However, it does take a few shortcuts here and there. If you're confused at some point, try one of the other Python tutorials linked below. Be sure to come back to improve this Wikibook though! ;-)

If you have programmed in other languages I recommend the [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html Python Tutorial for Programmers] written by Guido van Rossum.  

If you have any questions or comments please use the discussion pages or see [[Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Authors|Authors]] page for author contact information.  I welcome questions and comments about this tutorial.  I will try to answer any questions you have as best I can.  

Thanks go to James A. Brown for writing most of the Windows install info.  Thanks also to Elizabeth Cogliati for complaining enough :) about the original tutorial (that is almost unusable for a non-programmer), for proofreading, and for many ideas and comments on it.  Thanks to Joe Oppegaard for writing almost all the exercises.  Thanks to everyone I have missed.

=== Other resources ===

* [http://www.python.org Python Home Page]
* [https://docs.python.org/3/ Python 3 Documentation]
* [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/ Official Python tutorial]
* [http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/python A Byte of Python by Swaroop C H]
* [https://python.land/python-tutorial Another free beginners Python tutorial (Python Land)]
* [http://python3porting.com/ Porting to Python 3: An in-depth guide]

{{navigation |previous=Authors |next=Intro}}
{{BookCat}}

[[ca:Python 3 per a no programadors/Prefaci]]
[[id:Panduan Python 3 untuk Non-Pemrogram/Pendahuluan]]</text>
      <sha1>odr2r3zy5so5xnn06bk503yxwz9b11t</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry/Peptide Bonding</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>213070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640715</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Partial-Double Bond of Peptide Bond */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7063" sha1="cks4y2t1qwyvpnkmlxtf3rf94k5euny" xml:space="preserve">== Importance of Peptide Bonding ==
Peptide bonding (or amide bonding) is one of the most important reactions in biochemistry, as it is the bond used by amino acids to form proteins. Amino acids form peptide bonds with other [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]] when the amino group of the first amino acid bonds with the [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carboxyl|carboxyl]] group of the second amino acid. The dipeptide formed is followed by the loss of water. A chain of amino acids connected by peptide bonds is called a polypeptide chain, while each individual amino acid is referred to as a residue.  These chains then fold due to various internal and external forces in order to become proteins.

==Partial-Double Bond of Peptide Bond==
The stability of the peptide bond is due to the resonance of amides. With resonance, the nitrogen is able to donate its lone pair of electrons to the carboxyl carbon and push electrons from the carboxyl double bond towards the oxygen, forming the oxygen anion. This resonance effect is very stabilizing because the electrons can be delocalized over multiple atoms, with one especially stable resonance structure containing the highly electronegative oxygen as an anion. The double bond character of the C-N bond results in a relatively short bond (1.32 angstroms vs. the normal length of a pure C-N bond, 1.47 angstroms). The double bond resonance form of the peptide bond helps to increase stability and decrease rotation about that bond.  The partial double bond character is either strengthened or weakened depending upon the environment that it is in. An example would be a hydrophobic environment where the double-bond form would be highly discouraged since the double-bond form has a positive charge on the nitrogen and a negative charge on the oxygen.

The partial double bond results in the amide group being planar thus causing them to take either the cis or trans conformation. In the cis configuration, the two alpha carbon atoms fall on the same side of the peptide bond. In the trans configuration, these groups are on opposite sides of the peptide bond. While the proteins exist in their unfolded state, the peptide groups can isomerize at free will and thus often take the form of both conformations. This however, is not true in the folded state where with very rare exceptions, only one conformation is taken up at each position. In peptide bonds, the vast majority take the trans conformation with a cis:trans ratio of  around 1:1000. There is preference for the trans configuration over the cis orientation because with trans there is less steric hindrance between groups attached to the alpha carbon atoms.[[File:Amide_Bond_Resonance.jpg|left|frame|Amide Bond Resonance]]

Unlike the rigid peptide bond, the bond linking the amino group to the alpha carbon atom and the bond linking the alpha carbon atom to the carbonyl carbon are single bonds. These two bonds are free to rotate about the amide bonds, allowing them to take on a variety of orientations. The enhanced freedom of rotation with regards to these two bonds allows proteins to fold in a variety of shapes. The degree of rotation of each of these bonds can be quantified by their torsion angle. A torsion angle is defined somewhere between -180 and +180. Torsion angles are also called dihedral angles. The angle of rotation in regards to the bond between the nitrogen and the alpha carbon is referred to as phi, while the angle of rotation between the alpha carbon and the carbonyl carbon is referred to as psi. Moving clockwise from the nitrogen atom towards the alpha carbon, or from the carbonyl carbon to the alpha carbon yields a positive value on the Ramachandran diagram. The Ramachandran diagram illustrates various orientations of polypeptides and shows specific orientations that are not possible due to steric hindrance based on phi and psi values. At certain phi and psi values some structures may not exist due to clashes between the atoms.

== Overall Reaction ==

The overall reaction involves the reaction of two [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]] which is catalyzed by enzymes [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzyme]] in the body to produce the two amino acids combined and a water molecule.
[[Image:Peptide_Bond1.jpg‎|left|frame]]


== Reaction Mechanism ==
This reaction to form peptide bonds involves reacting the amine group of one amino acid (the N-terminal) to the  [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carboxyl|carboxyl]]group of another amino acid (the C-terminal). A peptide bond is a dehydration reaction, or condensation reaction, meaning it releases a molecule of water through the course of the reaction. The molecule formed by a peptide bond is called an amide.

[[Image:Peptide_Bond_Mechanism.jpg|frame]]

In the presence of water, the peptide bond will break spontaneously; this is called amide hydrolysis. This occurs because the peptide reaction possesses an equilibrium that pushes the reaction towards hydrolysis (heading in the reverse direction), which means the reaction is endergonic, and requires energy to proceed. Although this reaction requires an input of energy, peptide bonds are still stable bonds as the rate of hydrolysis is incredibly slow. Enzymes facilitate the hydrolysis reaction of peptides to form proteins in living organisms.

The hydrolysis reaction is very slow because the bond between the amino group and carboxyl group is stable due to resonance. The lone pair from the nitrogen donates electrons to the carbonyl. The resonance decreases the electrophilicity, and stabilizes the carbonyl forming the peptide bond.  Even though peptide bonds are stable, they can still react. The reactions of peptide bonds involve attack at the carbonyl carbon and the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate.

To form peptide bonds between specific amino acid residues, the functional groups of the amino acids must be protected. The amino end is usually blocked using a phenylmethoxycarbonyl group (or Cbz). The amino group is then restored by a hydrogenolysis reaction using the reagents H2 and Pd-C. Another amino protecting group used is 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl (or tert-butoxycarbonyl, Boc). This can be removed under acidic conditions (for example, with HCl). On the other end, the carboxy terminus can be protected by the formation of an ester. Deprotection of the carboxy end can be achieved by treatment with base. Polypeptides can be synthesized by coupling an amino protected amino acid with another amino acid in which the carboxy end is protected with the help of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). 

== References ==

1. Berg, Jeremy M. (2007). Biochemistry, 6th Ed., Sara Tenney. ISBN0-7167-8724-5.

2. Nelson, David. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 5th. New York : W. H. Freeman and Company, 2008. 

3. Vollhardt, Peter. Organic Chemistry Structure and Function. 6th Ed., 5th. New York : W. H. Freeman and Company, 2011. 
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cks4y2t1qwyvpnkmlxtf3rf94k5euny</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>OpenSCAD User Manual/Primitive Solids</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>214092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640729</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35795-14</username>
        <id>3608338</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ module frame(){ difference(){ cube([1000,800,900]); } } // Base plate cube([1000,800,10]); // Uprights translate([0,0,0]) cube([40,40,900]); translate([960,0,0]) cube([40,40,900]); translate([0,760,0]) cube([40,40,900]); translate([960,760,0]) cube([40,40,900]);</comment>
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      <text bytes="18938" sha1="sfmk0xw4fxwvejlvtu8vee63leuv02d" xml:space="preserve">module frame(){ difference(){ cube([1000,800,900]); } } // Base plate cube([1000,800,10]); // Uprights translate([0,0,0]) cube([40,40,900]); translate([960,0,0]) cube([40,40,900]);

translate([0,760,0]) cube([40,40,900]); translate([960,760,0]) cube([40,40,900]);

=== cube ===
----
Creates a cube or rectangular prism (i.e., a &quot;box&quot;) in the first [[w:Octant_(solid_geometry)|octant]]. When center is true, the cube is centered on the origin. Argument names are optional if given in the order shown here.
 cube(size = [x,y,z], center = true/false);
 cube(size =  x ,     center = true/false);

:''' parameters''':

:: '''size''' 
::: single value, cube with all sides this length
::: 3 value array [x,y,z], rectangular prism with dimensions x, y and z.
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), 1st (positive) octant, one corner at (0,0,0)
::: '''true''', cube is centered at (0,0,0)

 default values:  cube();   yields:  cube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false);
:''' examples''':

[[File:OpenSCAD example Cube.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube(size = 18);
  cube(18);
  cube([18,18,18]);
  .
  cube(18,false);
  cube([18,18,18],false);
  cube([18,18,18],center=false);
  cube(size = [18,18,18], center = false);
  cube(center = false,size = [18,18,18] );

[[File:OpenSCAD example Box.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube([18,28,8],true);
  box=[18,28,8];cube(box,true);

=== sphere ===
----
Creates a sphere at the origin of the coordinate system. The r argument name is optional. To use d instead of r, d must be named.

'''Parameters'''

; r : Radius.  This is the radius of the sphere.
; d : Diameter.  This is the diameter of the sphere.

The resolution of the sphere is based on the size of the sphere and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

  default values:  sphere();   yields:   sphere($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, r = 1);

'''Usage Examples'''
 sphere(r = 1);
 sphere(r = 5);
 sphere(r = 10);
 sphere(d = 2);
 sphere(d = 10);
 sphere(d = 20);

 // this creates a high resolution sphere with a 2mm radius
 sphere(2, $fn=100); 

 // also creates a 2mm high resolution sphere but this one 
 // does not have as many small triangles on the poles of the sphere
 sphere(2, $fa=5, $fs=0.1); 

[[File:OpenSCAD sphere in different sizes.png|Sample OpenSCAD spheres, showing clearly the difference in scale.]]

=== cylinder ===
----
Creates a cylinder or cone centered about the z axis. When center is true, it is also centered vertically along the z axis.

Parameter names are optional if given in the order shown here. If a parameter is named, all following parameters must also be named.

 cylinder(h = height, r1 = BottomRadius, r2 = TopRadius, center = true/false);

NOTES: 

The 2nd &amp; 3rd positional parameters are r1 &amp; r2, if r, d, d1 or d2 are used they must be named.

Using r1 &amp; r2 or d1 &amp; d2 with either value of zero will make a cone shape, a non-zero non-equal value will produce a section of a cone (a [[w:Frustum|Conical Frustum]]). r1 &amp; d1 define the base width, at [0,0,0], and r2 &amp; d2 define the top width.
 
:'''Parameters'''

:: '''h''' : height of the cylinder or cone
:: '''r ''' : radius of cylinder. r1 = r2 = r.
:: '''r1''' : radius, bottom of cone.
:: '''r2''' : radius, top of cone.
:: '''d ''' : diameter of cylinder. r1 = r2 = d / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d1''' : diameter, bottom of cone. r1 = d1 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d2''' : diameter, top of cone. r2 = d2 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), z ranges from 0 to h
::: '''true''',  z ranges from -h/2 to +h/2

The resolution of a cylinder is based on its radius and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables.  For a cone, the resolution is based on the radius of the larger end. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

 defaults: cylinder();  yields: cylinder($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, h = 1, r1 = 1, r2 = 1, center = false);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x20.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=9.5, r2=19.5, center=false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5, false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5, d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  r2=19.5);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x0.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=10, r2=0, center=true);
  cylinder(  15,    10,    0,        true);
  cylinder(h=15, d1=20, d2=0, center=true);

&lt;gallery&gt;
image:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 false.jpg|center = false
File:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 true.jpg|center = true
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=20, r=10, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,   10, 10,true);
  cylinder(  20, d=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=2*10, center=true);

:'''use of $fn'''
Larger values of $fn create smoother, more circular, surfaces at the cost of longer rendering time. Some use medium values during development for the faster rendering, then change to a larger value for the final F6 rendering. 

However, use of small values can produce some interesting non circular objects. A few examples are show here:
&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:3 sided fiqure.jpg 
 File:4 sided pyramid.jpg 
 File:4 sided part pyramid.jpg 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 scripts for these examples
  cylinder(20,20,20,$fn=3);
  cylinder(20,20,00,$fn=4);
  cylinder(20,20,10,$fn=4);

:'''undersized holes'''
Using cylinder() with difference() to place holes in objects creates undersized holes. This is because circular paths are approximated with polygons inscribed within in a circle. The points of the polygon are on the circle, but straight lines between are inside. To have all of the hole larger than the true circle, the polygon must lie wholly outside of the circle (circumscribed). [[OpenSCAD User Manual/undersized circular objects|Modules for circumscribed holes]]

&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:OpenSCAD Under size hole.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 script for this example
  poly_n = 6;
  color(&quot;blue&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.02]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=poly_n);
  color(&quot;green&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.01]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=360);
  color(&quot;purple&quot;) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10/cos(180/poly_n), $fn=poly_n);

In general, a polygon of radius &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; has a radius to the midpoint of any side as &lt;math&gt;r_m = r \cos(180/n)&lt;/math&gt;. If only the midpoint radius &lt;math&gt;r_m&lt;/math&gt; is known (for example, to fit a hex key into a hexagonal hole), then the polygon radius is &lt;math&gt;r = \frac{r_m}{\cos(180/n)}&lt;/math&gt;.

=== polyhedron ===
----
A polyhedron is the most general 3D primitive solid. It can be used to create any regular or irregular shape including those with concave as well as convex features. Curved surfaces are approximated by a series of flat surfaces.

 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], triangles = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], convexity = N);   // before 2014.03
 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], faces = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ...], ...], convexity = N);   // 2014.03 &amp; later

:'''Parameters'''
:: '''points''' 
::: Vector of 3d points or vertices. Each point is in turn a vector, [x,y,z], of its coordinates. 
::: Points may be defined in any order. N points are referenced, in the order defined, as 0 to N-1.

:: '''triangles''' {{OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Deprecated|triangles|'''faces''' parameter}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 points from the points vector.

:: '''faces''' {{requires|2014.03}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 or more points from the points vector.
::: Faces may be defined in any order, but the points of each face must be ordered correctly (see below). Define enough faces to fully enclose the solid, with no overlap.
::: If points that describe a single face are not on the same plane, the face is automatically split into triangles as needed. 

:: '''convexity'''
::: Integer. The convexity parameter specifies the maximum number of faces a ray intersecting the object might penetrate. This parameter is needed only for correct display of the object in OpenCSG preview mode. It has no effect on the polyhedron rendering. For display problems, setting it to 10 should work fine for most cases.

  default values: polyhedron(); yields: polyhedron(points = undef, faces = undef, convexity = 1);

In the list of faces, for each face it is arbitrary which point you start with, but the points of the face (referenced by the index into the list of points) must be ordered in '''clockwise''' direction when looking at each face from outside '''inward'''. The back is viewed from the back, the bottom from the bottom, etc.

Another way to remember this ordering requirement is to use the '''left-hand rule'''. Using your left hand, stick your thumb up and curl your fingers as if giving the thumbs-up sign, point your thumb away from the face, and order the points in the direction your fingers curl (this is the opposite of the [[w:STL (file format)#Facet normal|STL file format]] convention, which uses a &quot;right-hand rule&quot;). Try this on the example below.

:'''Example 1''' Using polyhedron to generate cube( [ 10, 7, 5 ] ); 
[[File:Cube_numbers.jpg|frame|left|point numbers for cube]]
[[File:Cube_flat.jpg|frame|center|unfolded cube faces]] 
 &lt;br&gt;
 CubePoints = [
   [  0,  0,  0 ],  //0
   [ 10,  0,  0 ],  //1
   [ 10,  7,  0 ],  //2
   [  0,  7,  0 ],  //3
   [  0,  0,  5 ],  //4
   [ 10,  0,  5 ],  //5
   [ 10,  7,  5 ],  //6
   [  0,  7,  5 ]]; //7
   
 CubeFaces = [
   [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
   [4,5,1,0],  // front
   [7,6,5,4],  // top
   [5,6,2,1],  // right
   [6,7,3,2],  // back
   [7,4,0,3]]; // left
   
 polyhedron( CubePoints, CubeFaces );

 equivalent descriptions of the bottom face
   [0,1,2,3],
   [0,1,2,3,0],
   [1,2,3,0],
   [2,3,0,1],
   [3,0,1,2],
   [0,1,2],[2,3,0],   // 2 triangles with no overlap
   [1,2,3],[3,0,1],
   [1,2,3],[0,1,3],
:'''Example 2'''  A square base pyramid:

[[File:Openscad-polyhedron-squarebasepyramid.png|frame|none|A simple polyhedron, square base pyramid]]
 polyhedron(
   points=[ [10,10,0],[10,-10,0],[-10,-10,0],[-10,10,0], // the four points at base
            [0,0,10]  ],                                 // the apex point 
   faces=[ [0,1,4],[1,2,4],[2,3,4],[3,0,4],              // each triangle side
               [1,0,3],[2,1,3] ]                         // two triangles for square base
  );
:'''Example 3'''  A triangular prism:
[[File:OpenSCAD prism unfolded.png|none|thumb|600x600px|A polyhedron triangular prism; prism unfolded to show external faces]]
 
 module prism(l, w, h) {
     polyhedron(// pt      0        1        2        3        4        5
                points=[[0,0,0], [0,w,h], [l,w,h], [l,0,0], [0,w,0], [l,w,0]],
                // top sloping face (A)
                faces=[[0,1,2,3],
                // vertical rectangular face (B)
                [2,1,4,5],
                // bottom face (C)
                [0,3,5,4],
                // rear triangular face (D)
                [0,4,1],
                // front triangular face (E)
                [3,2,5]]
                );}&lt;br&gt;prism(10, 10, 5);
==== Debugging polyhedra ====
----
Mistakes in defining polyhedra include not having all faces in clockwise order (viewed from outside - a bottom need to be viewed from below), overlap of faces and missing faces or portions of faces. As a general rule, the polyhedron faces should also satisfy manifold conditions:
* exactly two faces should meet at any polyhedron edge.
* if two faces have a vertex in common, they should be in the same cycle face-edge around the vertex.
The first rule eliminates polyhedra like two cubes with a common edge and not watertight models; the second excludes polyhedra like two cubes with a common vertex.

When viewed from the outside, the points describing each face must be in the same clockwise order, and provides a mechanism for detecting counterclockwise.
When the thrown together view (F12) is used with F5, CCW faces are shown in pink. Reorder the points for incorrect faces. Rotate the object to view all faces. The pink view can be turned off with F10.

OpenSCAD allows, temporarily, commenting out part of the face descriptions so that only the remaining faces are displayed. Use // to comment out the rest of the line. Use /* and */ to start and end a comment block. This can be part of a line or extend over several lines. Viewing only part of the faces can be helpful in determining the right points for an individual face. Note that a solid is not shown, only the faces. If using F12, all faces have one pink side. Commenting some faces helps also to show any internal face.


[[File:Cube_2_face.jpg|frame|left|example 1 showing only 2 faces]]

 CubeFaces = [
 /* [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
    [4,5,1,0],  // front */
    [7,6,5,4],  // top
 /* [5,6,2,1],  // right
    [6,7,3,2],  // back */
    [7,4,0,3]]; // left
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;

After defining a polyhedron, its preview may seem correct. The polyhedron alone may even render fine. However, to be sure it is a valid manifold and that it can generate a valid STL file, union it with any cube and render it (F6). If the polyhedron disappears, it means that it is not correct. Revise the winding order of all faces and the two rules stated above.

==== Mis-ordered faces ====
----
:'''Example 4'''  a more complex polyhedron with mis-ordered faces
When you select 'Thrown together' from the view menu and '''compile (preview F5)''' the design
('''not''' compile and render!) the preview shows the mis-oriented polygons highlighted. Unfortunately this highlighting is not possible in the OpenCSG preview mode because it would interfere with the way the OpenCSG preview mode is implemented.)

Below you can see the code and the picture of such a problematic polyhedron, the bad polygons (faces or compositions of faces) are in pink.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
// Bad polyhedron
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,2,3],   [0,1,2],  [0,4,5],  [0,5,1],   [5,4,2],  [2,4,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11], [6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [0,3,9],  [9,0,6], [10,6, 0],  [0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11],  [1,11,5], [1,7,8],  
                  [1,8,2],  [2,8,11], [2,11,5]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

A correct polyhedron would be the following:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,3,2],  [0,2,1],  [4,0,5],  [5,0,1],  [5,2,4],  [4,2,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11],[6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [3,0,9],  [9,0,6],  [10,6, 0],[0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11], [1,11,5], [1,8,7],  
                  [2,8,1],  [8,2,11], [5,11,2]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

;Beginner's tip

If you don't really understand &quot;orientation&quot;, try to identify the mis-oriented pink faces and then invert the sequence of the references to the points vectors until you get it right. E.g. in the above example, the third triangle (''[0,4,5]'') was wrong and we fixed it as ''[4,0,5]''. Remember that a face list is a circular list. In addition, you may select &quot;Show Edges&quot; from the &quot;View Menu&quot;, print a screen capture and number both the points and the faces.  In our example, the points are annotated in black and the faces in blue. Turn the object around and make a second copy from the back if needed. This way you can keep track.

;“Clockwise” technique

Orientation is determined by clockwise circular indexing. This means that if you're looking at the triangle (in this case [4,0,5]) from the outside you'll see that the path is clockwise around the center of the face. The winding order [4,0,5] is clockwise and therefore good.  The winding order [0,4,5] is counter-clockwise and therefore bad. Likewise, any other clockwise order of [4,0,5] works: [5,4,0] &amp; [0,5,4] are good too. If you use the clockwise technique, you'll always have your faces outside (outside of OpenSCAD, other programs do use counter-clockwise as the outside though).

Think of it as a &quot;left hand rule&quot;:

If you place your left hand on the face with your fingers curled in the direction of the order of the points, your thumb should point outward. If your thumb points inward, you need to reverse the winding order.

[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron-annotated.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

Succinct description of a 'Polyhedron'

* Points define all of the points/vertices in the shape.
* Faces is a list of polygons that connect up the points/vertices. 

Each point, in the point list, is defined with a 3-tuple x,y,z position specification. Points in the point list are automatically enumerated starting from zero for use in the faces list (0,1,2,3,... etc).

Each face, in the faces list, is defined by selecting 3 or more of the points (using the point order number) out of the point list.

e.g. faces=[ [0,1,2] ] defines a triangle from the first point (points are zero referenced) to the second point and then to the third point.

When looking at any face from the outside, the face must list all points in a clockwise order.

==== Point repetitions in a polyhedron point list ====
The point list of the polyhedron definition may have repetitions. When two or more points have the same coordinates they are considered the same polyhedron vertex. So, the following polyhedron:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0,10, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10], [10, 0, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0], [ 0, 0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8], [9,10,11], [12,13,14]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

define the same tetrahedron as:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[0,0,0], [0,10,0], [10,0,0], [0,0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,2,1], [0,1,3], [1,2,3], [0,3,2]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calculus/Algebra</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T13:49:08Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="24040" sha1="bsb0nxh2afuyy8fagodz7nbrgtw0l24" xml:space="preserve">{{Calculus/Top Nav|Precalculus|Trigonometry}}
The purpose of this section is for readers to review important algebraic concepts. It is necessary to understand algebra in order to do calculus. If you are confident of your ability, you may skim through this section.

==Rules of arithmetic and algebra==
The following laws are true for all &lt;math&gt;a,b,c&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;math&gt;\mathbb{R}&lt;/math&gt; whether these are numbers, variables, functions, or more complex expressions involving numbers, variable and/or functions.

===Addition===
*Commutative Law: &lt;math&gt;a+b=b+a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Associative Law: &lt;math&gt;(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)&lt;/math&gt; .
*Additive Identity: &lt;math&gt;a+0=a.  Niggers
&lt;/math&gt; .
*Additive Inverse: &lt;math&gt;a+(-a)=0&lt;/math&gt; .

===Subtraction=== 
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;a-b=a+(-b)&lt;/math&gt; .

===Multiplication=== 
*Commutative law: &lt;math&gt;a\times b=b\times a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Associative law: &lt;math&gt;(a\times b)\times c=a\times(b\times c)&lt;/math&gt; .
*Multiplicative identity: &lt;math&gt;a\times 1=a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Multiplicative inverse: &lt;math&gt;a\times\frac{1}{a}=1&lt;/math&gt; , whenever &lt;math&gt;a\ne 0&lt;/math&gt;
*Distributive law: &lt;math&gt;a\times(b+c)=(a\times b)+(a\times c)&lt;/math&gt;.

=== Division=== 
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;\frac{a}{b} = r + nb&lt;/math&gt;, where r is the remainder of a when divided by b, and n is an integer.
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;\frac{a}{b}=a\times\frac{1}{b}&lt;/math&gt; , whenever &lt;math&gt;b\ne 0&lt;/math&gt; .

Let's look at an example to see how these rules are used in practice.

{|
|-
|&lt;math&gt;\frac{(x+2)(x+3)}{x+3}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;=\left[(x+2)\times(x+3)\right]\times\left(\frac{1}{x+3}\right)&lt;/math&gt; (from the definition of division)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=(x+2)\times\left[(x+3)\times\left(\frac{1}{x+3}\right)\right]&lt;/math&gt; (from the associative law of multiplication)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=((x+2)\times(1)),\qquad x\ne -3&lt;/math&gt; (from multiplicative inverse)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=x+2,\qquad x\ne -3&lt;/math&gt; (from multiplicative identity)
|}

Of course, the above is much longer than simply cancelling &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; out in both the numerator and denominator. However, it is important to know what the rules are so as to know when you are allowed to cancel. Occasionally people do the following, for instance, which is '''incorrect''':
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{2\times(x+2)}{2}=\frac{2}{2}\times\frac{x+2}{2}=1\times\frac{x+2}{2}=\frac{x+2}{2}&lt;/math&gt; .
The correct simplification is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{2\times(x+2)}{2}=\left(2\times\frac{1}{2}\right)\times(x+2)=1\times(x+2)=x+2&lt;/math&gt; ,
where the number &lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt; cancels out in both the numerator and the denominator.

==Interval notation==
There are a few different ways that one can express with symbols a specific interval (all the numbers between two numbers). One way is with inequalities. If we wanted to denote the set of all numbers between, say, 2 and 4, we could write &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;&quot;. This excludes the endpoints 2 and 4 because we use &lt;math&gt;&lt;&lt;/math&gt; instead of &lt;math&gt;\le&lt;/math&gt;. If we wanted to include the endpoints, we would write &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x\le 4&lt;/math&gt; .&quot;  

Another way to write these intervals would be with interval notation. If we wished to convey &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;&quot; we would write &lt;math&gt;(2,4)&lt;/math&gt;. This does ''not'' include the endpoints 2 and 4. If we wanted to include the endpoints we would write &lt;math&gt;[2,4]&lt;/math&gt;. If we wanted to include 2 and not 4 we would write &lt;math&gt;[2,4)&lt;/math&gt;; if we wanted to exclude 2 and include 4, we would write &lt;math&gt;(2,4]&lt;/math&gt;.

Thus, we have the following table:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot;
! Endpoint conditions
! Inequality notation
! Interval notation
|-
| Including both 2 and 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x\le 4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;[2,4]&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Not including 2 nor 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(2,4)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Including 2 not 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;[2,4)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Including 4 not 2
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x\le 4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(2,4]&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}

In general, we have the following table, where &lt;math&gt;a,b\in\mathbb{R}&lt;/math&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; text-align:center&quot;
!Meaning
!Interval Notation
!Set Notation
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,b]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a\le x\le b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,b)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a&lt;x&lt;b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,b)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a\le x&lt;b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,b]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a&lt;x\le b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\ge a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x&gt;a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,a]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\le a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values less than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,a)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x&lt;a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\in\R\}&lt;/math&gt;
|}

Note that &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;-\infty&lt;/math&gt; must always have an exclusive parenthesis rather than an inclusive bracket. This is because &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; is not a number, and therefore cannot be in our set. &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; is really just a symbol that makes things easier to write, like the intervals above.

The interval &lt;math&gt;(a,b)&lt;/math&gt; is called an '''open interval''', and the interval &lt;math&gt;[a,b]&lt;/math&gt; is called a '''closed interval'''.

Intervals are sets and we can use set notation to show relations between values and intervals. If we want to say that a certain value is contained in an interval, we can use the symbol &lt;math&gt;\in&lt;/math&gt; to denote this. For example, &lt;math&gt;2\in[1,3]&lt;/math&gt; . Likewise, the symbol &lt;math&gt;\notin&lt;/math&gt; denotes that a certain element is not in an interval. For example &lt;math&gt;0\notin(0,1)&lt;/math&gt; .

==Exponents and radicals==
There are a few rules and properties involving exponents and radicals. As a definition we have that if &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is a positive integer then &lt;math&gt;a^n&lt;/math&gt; denotes &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; factors of &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; . That is,
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^n=a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\qquad(n~ \mbox{times})&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
If &lt;math&gt;a\ne 0&lt;/math&gt; then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^0=1&lt;/math&gt; .

If &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is a negative integer then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}&lt;/math&gt; .

If we have an exponent that is a fraction then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^\frac{m}{n}=\sqrt[n]{a^m}=(\sqrt[n]{a})^m&lt;/math&gt; . In the expression &lt;math&gt;\sqrt[n]{a}&lt;/math&gt; , &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''index'' of the radical, the symbol &lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\;\;}&lt;/math&gt; is called the radical sign, and &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''radicand''.

In addition to the previous definitions, the following rules apply:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot;
!Rule
!Example
|-
|&lt;math&gt;a^n\cdot a^m=a^{n+m}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;3^6\cdot 3^9=3^{15}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;math&gt;(a^n)^m=a^{n\cdot m}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(x^4)^5=x^{20}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;math&gt;(ab)^n=a^nb^n&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(3x)^5=3^5x^5&lt;/math&gt;
|}

===Simplifying expressions involving radicals===
We will use the following conventions for simplifying expressions involving radicals:
# Given the expression &lt;math&gt;a^\frac{b}{c}&lt;/math&gt;, write this as &lt;math&gt;\sqrt[c]{a^b}&lt;/math&gt;
# No fractions under the radical sign
# No radicals in the denominator
# The radicand has no exponentiated factors with exponent greater than or equal to the index of the radical

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Simplify the expression &lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^\frac{1}{2}&lt;/math&gt;}}
Using convention 1, we rewrite the given expression as
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^\frac{1}{2} = \sqrt[2]{\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^1} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{8}}&lt;/math&gt;|2=1|3=center}}
The expression now violates convention 2. To get rid of the fraction in the radical, apply the rule
&lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^n=\frac{a^n}{b^n}&lt;/math&gt; and simplify the result:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}&lt;/math&gt;|2=2|3=center}}
The resulting expression violates convention 3. To get rid of the radical in the denominator, multiply by &lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{8}}{\sqrt{8}}&lt;/math&gt;:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{8}}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{8}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;|2=3|3=center}}
Notice that &lt;math&gt;8=2^3&lt;/math&gt;. Since the index of the radical is 2, our expression violates convention 4. We can reduce the exponent of the expression under the radical as follows:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{8}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2^3}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2^2\cdot2}}{8} = \frac{2\cdot\sqrt{2}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}&lt;/math&gt;|2=4|3=center}}
{{Robox/Close}}

====Exercise====
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot; points=&quot;2/2&quot;&gt;
{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
&lt;math&gt;144^\frac{5}{3}=&lt;/math&gt;{ 1,728|1728_6 }&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[3]{}&lt;/math&gt;{ 12_5 }(you may need: calculator)
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Logarithms==
Consider the equation
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;y=b^x&lt;/math&gt;|2=5|3=center}}
&lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''base'' and &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''exponent''. Suppose we would like to solve for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; . We would like to apply an operation to both sides of the equation that will get rid of the base on the right-hand side of the equation. The operation we want is called the ''logarithm'', or ''log'' for short, and it is defined as follows:
{{Calculus/Def
|title=Definition: (Formal definition of a logarithm)
|text=:&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}y=x&lt;/math&gt; exactly if &lt;math&gt;y=b^x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;b&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;, and &lt;math&gt;b\ne1&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
Logarithms are taken with respect to some base. What the equation is saying is that, when &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is the exponent of &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, the result will be &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;.
===Example===
{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Calculate &lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000&lt;/math&gt;}}
&lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000&lt;/math&gt; is the number &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math&gt;10^x=100000&lt;/math&gt;. Well &lt;math&gt;10^5=100000&lt;/math&gt;, so &lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000=5&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

===Common bases for logarithms===
When the base is not specified, &lt;math&gt;\log&lt;/math&gt; is taken to mean the base 10 logarithm. Later on in our study of calculus we will commonly work with logarithms with base &lt;math&gt;e\approx2.718282&lt;/math&gt; . In fact, the base &lt;math&gt;e&lt;/math&gt; logarithm comes up so often that it has its own name and symbol. It is called the ''natural logarithm'', and its symbol is &lt;math&gt;\ln&lt;/math&gt; . In computer science the [[wikipedia:Logarithm#Particular_bases|base 2 logarithm]] often comes up.

===Properties of logarithms===

==== Logarithmic addition and subtraction ====
Logarithms have the property that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x+\log_{b}y=\log_{b}(x\cdot y)&lt;/math&gt; . To see why this is true, suppose that:&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x=r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}y=s&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;These assumptions imply that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=b^r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y=b^s&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Then by the properties of exponents&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x\cdot y=b^r\cdot b^s=b^{r+s}&lt;/math&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;According to the definition of the logarithm&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}(x\cdot y)=r+s=\log_{b}x+\log_{b}y&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Similarly, the property that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x-\log_{b}y=\log_{b}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)&lt;/math&gt; also hold true using the same method.

Historically, the development of logarithms was motivated by the usefulness of this fact for simplifying hand calculations by replacing tedious multiplication by table look-ups and addition.

==== Logarithmic powers and roots ====
Another useful property of logarithms is that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c=c\cdot \log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt; . To see why, consider the expression &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c&lt;/math&gt; . Let us assume that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c=x&lt;/math&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;By the definition of the logarithm&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^c=b^x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Now raise each side of the equation to the power &lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{c}&lt;/math&gt; and simplify to get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a=b^\frac{x}{c}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Now if you take the base &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; log of both sides, you get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a=\frac{x}{c}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Solving for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; shows that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=c\cdot\log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Similarly, the expression &lt;math&gt;\log_b \sqrt[c]{a} = \frac{\log_b a}{c}&lt;/math&gt; holds true using the same methods.

===Converting between bases===
Most scientific calculators have the &lt;math&gt;\log&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\ln&lt;/math&gt; functions built in, which do not include logarithms with other bases. Consider how one might compute &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt;, where &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; are given known numbers, when we can only compute logarithms in some base &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;. First, let us assume that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a=x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Then the definition of logarithm implies that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a=b^x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;If we take the base &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt; log of each side, we get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{\beta} a=\log_{\beta} b^x=x\cdot\log_{\beta} b&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Solving for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; , we find that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{\log_{\beta} a}{\log_{\beta} b}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;For example, if we only use base 10 to calculate &lt;math&gt;\log_{2}45&lt;/math&gt;, we get &lt;math&gt;\log_{2}45=\frac{\log 45}{\log 2}\approx \frac{1.653212514}{0.301029996} \approx 5.491853096&lt;/math&gt; .

=== Identities of logarithms summary ===
A table is provided below for a summary of logarithmic identities.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 auto;&quot;
!
!Formula
!Example
|-
|Product
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b(x\cdot y) = \log_b x + \log_b y&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 32 = \log_2 (4 \cdot 8) = \log_2 4 + \log_2 8 = 2 + 3 = 5&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Quotient
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b \!\frac{x}{y} = \log_b x - \log_b y&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 16 = \log_2 \!\frac{64}{4} = \log_2 64 - \log_2 4 = 6 - 2 = 4&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Power
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b\left(a^c\right) = c \log_b a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 64 = \log_2 \left(2^6\right) = 6 \log_2 2 = 6&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Root
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b \sqrt[c]{a} = \frac{\log_b a}{c}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_{10} \sqrt{1000} = \frac{1}{2}\log_{10} 1000 = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Change of base
|&lt;math&gt; \log_b a = \frac{\log_\beta a}{\log_\beta b} &lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_{9}243=\frac{\log_3 243}{\log_3 9}=\frac{5}{2}=2.5&lt;/math&gt;
|}

==Factoring and roots==
Given the expression &lt;math&gt;x^2+3x+2&lt;/math&gt; , one may ask &quot;what are the values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; that make this expression 0?&quot; If we factor we obtain
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+3x+2=(x+2)(x+1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt; .
If &lt;math&gt;x=-1,-2&lt;/math&gt; , then one of the factors on the right becomes zero. Therefore, the whole must be zero. So, by factoring we have discovered the values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; that render the expression zero. These values are termed &quot;roots.&quot; In general, given a quadratic polynomial &lt;math&gt;px^2+qx+r&lt;/math&gt; that factors as
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;px^2+qx+r=(ax+c)(bx+d)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
then we have that &lt;math&gt;x=-\frac{c}{a}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x=-\frac{d}{b}&lt;/math&gt; are roots of the original polynomial.

A special case to be on the look out for is the difference of two squares, &lt;math&gt;a^2-b^2&lt;/math&gt; . In this case, we are always able to factor as
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;For example, consider &lt;math&gt;4x^2-9&lt;/math&gt; . On initial inspection we would see that both &lt;math&gt;4x^2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;9&lt;/math&gt; are squares of &lt;math&gt;2x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;3&lt;/math&gt;, respectively. Applying the previous rule we have
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;4x^2-9=(2x+3)(2x-3)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== The AC method ===
There is a way of simplifying the process of factoring using the AC method. Suppose that a quadratic polynomial has a formula of

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+qx+r&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

If there are numbers &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; that satisfy both

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a\cdot b=r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;a+b=q&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Then, the result of factoring will be

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+qx+r=(x+a)(x+b)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== The quadratic formula ===
{{Calculus/Def|text='''The quadratic formula'''&lt;br/&gt;
Given any quadratic equation &lt;math&gt;ax^2+bx+c=0\ ,\ a\ne0&lt;/math&gt;, all solutions of the equation are given by the quadratic formula:&lt;/br&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac} }{2a}&lt;/math&gt;}}Note that the value of &lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&lt;/math&gt; will affect the number of ''real'' solutions of the equation.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 auto;&quot;
!If
!Then
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;
|There are two real solutions to the equation
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac=0&lt;/math&gt;
|There is only one real solution to the equation
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;
|There are no real solutions to the equation
|}

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Find all the roots of &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;}}
Finding the roots is equivalent to solving the equation &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2=0&lt;/math&gt; . Applying the quadratic formula with &lt;math&gt;a=4\ ,\ b=7\ ,\ c=-2&lt;/math&gt; , we have:&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{7^2-4(4)(-2)}}{2(4)}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{49+32}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{81}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm9}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{2}{8}\ ,\ x=\frac{-16}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{1}{4}\ ,\ x=-2&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

The quadratic formula can also help with factoring, as the next example demonstrates.

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Factor the polynomial &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;}}
We already know from the previous example that the polynomial has roots &lt;math&gt;x=\frac{1}{4}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x=-2&lt;/math&gt; . Our factorization will take the form&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;math&gt;C(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
All we have to do is set this expression equal to our polynomial and solve for the unknown constant C:&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;C(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;C\left(x^2+\left(-\tfrac{1}{4}+2\right)x-\tfrac{2}{4}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;C\left(x^2+\tfrac{7}{4}x-\tfrac{1}{2}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

You can see that &lt;math&gt;C=4&lt;/math&gt; solves the equation. So the factorization is&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2=4(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)=(x+2)(4x-1)&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

=== Vieta's formulae ===
Vieta's formulae relate the coefficients of a polynomial to sums and products of its roots. It is very convenient because under certain circumstances when the sums and products of the quadratic's roots are provided, one does not require to solve the whole quadratic polynomial.{{Calculus/Def|text='''Vieta's formulae''' in quadratic polynomials&lt;br/&gt;
Given any quadratic equation &lt;math&gt;ax^2+bx+c=0\ ,\ a\ne0&lt;/math&gt;, The roots &lt;math&gt;x_1, x_2&lt;/math&gt; of the quadratic polynomial satisfy
:&lt;math&gt; x_1 + x_2 = -\frac{b}{a}, \quad x_1 x_2 = \frac{c}{a}.&lt;/math&gt;}}

==Simplifying rational expressions==
Consider the two polynomials 
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;p(x)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt; and 
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;q(x)=b_mx^m+b_{m-1}x^{m-1}+\cdots+b_1x+b_0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
When we take the quotient of the two we obtain
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{p(x)}{q(x)}=\frac{a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0}{b_mx^m+b_{m-1}x^{m-1}+\cdots+b_1x+b_0}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The ratio of two polynomials is called a '''rational expression'''. Many times we would like to simplify such a beast. For example, say we are given &lt;math&gt;\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}&lt;/math&gt; . We may simplify this in the following way:
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}=\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{x+1}=x-1,\qquad x\ne -1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
This is nice because we have obtained something we understand quite well, &lt;math&gt;x-1&lt;/math&gt; , from something we didn't.

==Formulas of multiplication of polynomials==
Here are some formulas that can be quite useful for solving polynomial problems:
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a\pm b)^2=a^2\pm 2ab+b^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a\pm b)^3=a^3\pm 3a^2b+3ab^2\pm b^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^3\pm b^3=(a\pm b)(a^2\mp ab+b^2)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Polynomial Long Division==
Suppose we would like to divide one polynomial by another. The procedure is similar to long division of numbers and is illustrated in the following example:

===Example===
{{ExampleRobox|title=Divide &lt;math&gt;x^2-2x-15&lt;/math&gt; (the dividend or numerator) by &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; (the divisor or denominator)}}
Similar to long division of numbers, we set up our problem as follows:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

First we have to answer the question, how many times does &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; go into &lt;math&gt;x^2&lt;/math&gt;? To find out, divide the leading term of the dividend by leading term of the divisor. So it goes in &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; times. We record this above the leading term of the dividend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

, and we multiply &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; by &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and write this below the dividend as follows:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

Now we perform the subtraction, bringing down any terms in the dividend that aren't matched in our subtrahend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~-5x-15~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

Now we repeat, treating the bottom line as our new dividend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x-5\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~-5x-15~~~\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~-\underline{(-5x-15)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case we have no remainder.
{{Robox/Close}}

===Application: Factoring Polynomials===
We can use polynomial long division to factor a polynomial if we know one of the factors in advance. For example, suppose we have a polynomial &lt;math&gt;P(x)&lt;/math&gt; and we know that &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; is a root of &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt; . If we perform polynomial long division using P(x) as the dividend and &lt;math&gt;(x-r)&lt;/math&gt; as the divisor, we will obtain a polynomial &lt;math&gt;Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math&gt;P(x)=(x-r)Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; , where the degree of &lt;math&gt;Q&lt;/math&gt; is one less than the degree of &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;.

===Exercise===
Use &lt;code&gt;^&lt;/code&gt; to write exponents:
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{Factor &lt;math&gt;x-1&lt;/math&gt; out of &lt;math&gt;6x^3-4x^2+3x-5&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ (x - 1)(6x^2 + 2x + 5) (i)|(x-1)(6x^2+2x+5) (i)|(6x^2 + 2x + 5)(x - 1) (i)|(6x^2+2x+5)(x-1) (i) _22 }
&lt;/quiz&gt;

===Application: Breaking up a rational function===
Similar to the way one can convert an improper fraction into an integer plus a proper fraction, one can convert a rational function &lt;math&gt;P(x)&lt;/math&gt; whose numerator &lt;math&gt;N(x)&lt;/math&gt; has degree &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; and whose denominator &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; has degree &lt;math&gt;d&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;n\ge d&lt;/math&gt; into a polynomial plus a rational function whose numerator has degree &lt;math&gt;\nu&lt;/math&gt; and denominator has degree &lt;math&gt;\delta&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;\nu&lt;\delta&lt;/math&gt; .

Suppose that &lt;math&gt;N(x)&lt;/math&gt; divided by &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; has quotient &lt;math&gt;Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; and remainder &lt;math&gt;R(x)&lt;/math&gt; . That is
:&lt;math&gt;N(x)=D(x)Q(x)+R(x)&lt;/math&gt;
Dividing both sides by &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; gives
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{N(x)}{D(x)}=Q(x)+\frac{R(x)}{D(x)}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;R(x)&lt;/math&gt; will have degree less than &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; .

====Example====
{{ExampleRobox|title=Write &lt;math&gt;\frac{x-1}{x-3}&lt;/math&gt; as a polynomial plus a rational function with numerator having degree less than the denominator.}}
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,1\\
x-3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x-1
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x-3)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~~~~2~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;
so
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x-1}{x-3}=1+\frac{2}{x-3}&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

{{Calculus/Top Nav|Precalculus|Trigonometry}}
{{Calculus/TOC}}</text>
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      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-35780-91|~2026-35780-91]] ([[User talk:~2026-35780-91|talk]]) to last version by 112.120.105.24</comment>
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      <text bytes="24029" sha1="osyrkqf2z5lmxt8qr1nut6sxz17svqe" xml:space="preserve">{{Calculus/Top Nav|Precalculus|Trigonometry}}
The purpose of this section is for readers to review important algebraic concepts. It is necessary to understand algebra in order to do calculus. If you are confident of your ability, you may skim through this section.

==Rules of arithmetic and algebra==
The following laws are true for all &lt;math&gt;a,b,c&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;math&gt;\mathbb{R}&lt;/math&gt; whether these are numbers, variables, functions, or more complex expressions involving numbers, variable and/or functions.

===Addition===
*Commutative Law: &lt;math&gt;a+b=b+a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Associative Law: &lt;math&gt;(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)&lt;/math&gt; .
*Additive Identity: &lt;math&gt;a+0=a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Additive Inverse: &lt;math&gt;a+(-a)=0&lt;/math&gt; .

===Subtraction=== 
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;a-b=a+(-b)&lt;/math&gt; .

===Multiplication=== 
*Commutative law: &lt;math&gt;a\times b=b\times a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Associative law: &lt;math&gt;(a\times b)\times c=a\times(b\times c)&lt;/math&gt; .
*Multiplicative identity: &lt;math&gt;a\times 1=a&lt;/math&gt; .
*Multiplicative inverse: &lt;math&gt;a\times\frac{1}{a}=1&lt;/math&gt; , whenever &lt;math&gt;a\ne 0&lt;/math&gt;
*Distributive law: &lt;math&gt;a\times(b+c)=(a\times b)+(a\times c)&lt;/math&gt;.

=== Division=== 
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;\frac{a}{b} = r + nb&lt;/math&gt;, where r is the remainder of a when divided by b, and n is an integer.
*Definition: &lt;math&gt;\frac{a}{b}=a\times\frac{1}{b}&lt;/math&gt; , whenever &lt;math&gt;b\ne 0&lt;/math&gt; .

Let's look at an example to see how these rules are used in practice.

{|
|-
|&lt;math&gt;\frac{(x+2)(x+3)}{x+3}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;=\left[(x+2)\times(x+3)\right]\times\left(\frac{1}{x+3}\right)&lt;/math&gt; (from the definition of division)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=(x+2)\times\left[(x+3)\times\left(\frac{1}{x+3}\right)\right]&lt;/math&gt; (from the associative law of multiplication)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=((x+2)\times(1)),\qquad x\ne -3&lt;/math&gt; (from multiplicative inverse)
|-
|
|&lt;math&gt;=x+2,\qquad x\ne -3&lt;/math&gt; (from multiplicative identity)
|}

Of course, the above is much longer than simply cancelling &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; out in both the numerator and denominator. However, it is important to know what the rules are so as to know when you are allowed to cancel. Occasionally people do the following, for instance, which is '''incorrect''':
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{2\times(x+2)}{2}=\frac{2}{2}\times\frac{x+2}{2}=1\times\frac{x+2}{2}=\frac{x+2}{2}&lt;/math&gt; .
The correct simplification is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{2\times(x+2)}{2}=\left(2\times\frac{1}{2}\right)\times(x+2)=1\times(x+2)=x+2&lt;/math&gt; ,
where the number &lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt; cancels out in both the numerator and the denominator.

==Interval notation==
There are a few different ways that one can express with symbols a specific interval (all the numbers between two numbers). One way is with inequalities. If we wanted to denote the set of all numbers between, say, 2 and 4, we could write &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;&quot;. This excludes the endpoints 2 and 4 because we use &lt;math&gt;&lt;&lt;/math&gt; instead of &lt;math&gt;\le&lt;/math&gt;. If we wanted to include the endpoints, we would write &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x\le 4&lt;/math&gt; .&quot;  

Another way to write these intervals would be with interval notation. If we wished to convey &quot;all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;&quot; we would write &lt;math&gt;(2,4)&lt;/math&gt;. This does ''not'' include the endpoints 2 and 4. If we wanted to include the endpoints we would write &lt;math&gt;[2,4]&lt;/math&gt;. If we wanted to include 2 and not 4 we would write &lt;math&gt;[2,4)&lt;/math&gt;; if we wanted to exclude 2 and include 4, we would write &lt;math&gt;(2,4]&lt;/math&gt;.

Thus, we have the following table:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot;
! Endpoint conditions
! Inequality notation
! Interval notation
|-
| Including both 2 and 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x\le 4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;[2,4]&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Not including 2 nor 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(2,4)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Including 2 not 4
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2\le x&lt;4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;[2,4)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| Including 4 not 2
| all &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; satisfying &lt;math&gt;2&lt;x\le 4&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(2,4]&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}

In general, we have the following table, where &lt;math&gt;a,b\in\mathbb{R}&lt;/math&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; text-align:center&quot;
!Meaning
!Interval Notation
!Set Notation
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,b]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a\le x\le b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,b)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a&lt;x&lt;b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,b)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a\le x&lt;b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,b]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:a&lt;x\le b\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;[a,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\ge a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values greater than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(a,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x&gt;a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values less than or equal to &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,a]&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\le a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values less than &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,a)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x&lt;a\}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|align=left|All values
|&lt;math&gt;(-\infty,\infty)&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\{x:x\in\R\}&lt;/math&gt;
|}

Note that &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;-\infty&lt;/math&gt; must always have an exclusive parenthesis rather than an inclusive bracket. This is because &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; is not a number, and therefore cannot be in our set. &lt;math&gt;\infty&lt;/math&gt; is really just a symbol that makes things easier to write, like the intervals above.

The interval &lt;math&gt;(a,b)&lt;/math&gt; is called an '''open interval''', and the interval &lt;math&gt;[a,b]&lt;/math&gt; is called a '''closed interval'''.

Intervals are sets and we can use set notation to show relations between values and intervals. If we want to say that a certain value is contained in an interval, we can use the symbol &lt;math&gt;\in&lt;/math&gt; to denote this. For example, &lt;math&gt;2\in[1,3]&lt;/math&gt; . Likewise, the symbol &lt;math&gt;\notin&lt;/math&gt; denotes that a certain element is not in an interval. For example &lt;math&gt;0\notin(0,1)&lt;/math&gt; .

==Exponents and radicals==
There are a few rules and properties involving exponents and radicals. As a definition we have that if &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is a positive integer then &lt;math&gt;a^n&lt;/math&gt; denotes &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; factors of &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; . That is,
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^n=a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\qquad(n~ \mbox{times})&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
If &lt;math&gt;a\ne 0&lt;/math&gt; then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^0=1&lt;/math&gt; .

If &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is a negative integer then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}&lt;/math&gt; .

If we have an exponent that is a fraction then we say that &lt;math&gt;a^\frac{m}{n}=\sqrt[n]{a^m}=(\sqrt[n]{a})^m&lt;/math&gt; . In the expression &lt;math&gt;\sqrt[n]{a}&lt;/math&gt; , &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''index'' of the radical, the symbol &lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\;\;}&lt;/math&gt; is called the radical sign, and &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''radicand''.

In addition to the previous definitions, the following rules apply:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot;
!Rule
!Example
|-
|&lt;math&gt;a^n\cdot a^m=a^{n+m}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;3^6\cdot 3^9=3^{15}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;math&gt;(a^n)^m=a^{n\cdot m}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(x^4)^5=x^{20}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;math&gt;(ab)^n=a^nb^n&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;(3x)^5=3^5x^5&lt;/math&gt;
|}

===Simplifying expressions involving radicals===
We will use the following conventions for simplifying expressions involving radicals:
# Given the expression &lt;math&gt;a^\frac{b}{c}&lt;/math&gt;, write this as &lt;math&gt;\sqrt[c]{a^b}&lt;/math&gt;
# No fractions under the radical sign
# No radicals in the denominator
# The radicand has no exponentiated factors with exponent greater than or equal to the index of the radical

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Simplify the expression &lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^\frac{1}{2}&lt;/math&gt;}}
Using convention 1, we rewrite the given expression as
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^\frac{1}{2} = \sqrt[2]{\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^1} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{8}}&lt;/math&gt;|2=1|3=center}}
The expression now violates convention 2. To get rid of the fraction in the radical, apply the rule
&lt;math&gt;\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^n=\frac{a^n}{b^n}&lt;/math&gt; and simplify the result:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}&lt;/math&gt;|2=2|3=center}}
The resulting expression violates convention 3. To get rid of the radical in the denominator, multiply by &lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{8}}{\sqrt{8}}&lt;/math&gt;:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{8}}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{8}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;|2=3|3=center}}
Notice that &lt;math&gt;8=2^3&lt;/math&gt;. Since the index of the radical is 2, our expression violates convention 4. We can reduce the exponent of the expression under the radical as follows:
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{8}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2^3}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2^2\cdot2}}{8} = \frac{2\cdot\sqrt{2}}{8} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}&lt;/math&gt;|2=4|3=center}}
{{Robox/Close}}

====Exercise====
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot; points=&quot;2/2&quot;&gt;
{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
&lt;math&gt;144^\frac{5}{3}=&lt;/math&gt;{ 1,728|1728_6 }&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[3]{}&lt;/math&gt;{ 12_5 }(you may need: calculator)
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Logarithms==
Consider the equation
{{equation|1=&lt;math&gt;y=b^x&lt;/math&gt;|2=5|3=center}}
&lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''base'' and &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is called the ''exponent''. Suppose we would like to solve for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; . We would like to apply an operation to both sides of the equation that will get rid of the base on the right-hand side of the equation. The operation we want is called the ''logarithm'', or ''log'' for short, and it is defined as follows:
{{Calculus/Def
|title=Definition: (Formal definition of a logarithm)
|text=:&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}y=x&lt;/math&gt; exactly if &lt;math&gt;y=b^x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;b&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;, and &lt;math&gt;b\ne1&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
Logarithms are taken with respect to some base. What the equation is saying is that, when &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is the exponent of &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, the result will be &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;.
===Example===
{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Calculate &lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000&lt;/math&gt;}}
&lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000&lt;/math&gt; is the number &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math&gt;10^x=100000&lt;/math&gt;. Well &lt;math&gt;10^5=100000&lt;/math&gt;, so &lt;math&gt;\log_{10}100000=5&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

===Common bases for logarithms===
When the base is not specified, &lt;math&gt;\log&lt;/math&gt; is taken to mean the base 10 logarithm. Later on in our study of calculus we will commonly work with logarithms with base &lt;math&gt;e\approx2.718282&lt;/math&gt; . In fact, the base &lt;math&gt;e&lt;/math&gt; logarithm comes up so often that it has its own name and symbol. It is called the ''natural logarithm'', and its symbol is &lt;math&gt;\ln&lt;/math&gt; . In computer science the [[wikipedia:Logarithm#Particular_bases|base 2 logarithm]] often comes up.

===Properties of logarithms===

==== Logarithmic addition and subtraction ====
Logarithms have the property that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x+\log_{b}y=\log_{b}(x\cdot y)&lt;/math&gt; . To see why this is true, suppose that:&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x=r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}y=s&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;These assumptions imply that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=b^r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y=b^s&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Then by the properties of exponents&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x\cdot y=b^r\cdot b^s=b^{r+s}&lt;/math&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;According to the definition of the logarithm&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}(x\cdot y)=r+s=\log_{b}x+\log_{b}y&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Similarly, the property that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}x-\log_{b}y=\log_{b}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)&lt;/math&gt; also hold true using the same method.

Historically, the development of logarithms was motivated by the usefulness of this fact for simplifying hand calculations by replacing tedious multiplication by table look-ups and addition.

==== Logarithmic powers and roots ====
Another useful property of logarithms is that &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c=c\cdot \log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt; . To see why, consider the expression &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c&lt;/math&gt; . Let us assume that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a^c=x&lt;/math&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;By the definition of the logarithm&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^c=b^x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Now raise each side of the equation to the power &lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{c}&lt;/math&gt; and simplify to get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a=b^\frac{x}{c}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Now if you take the base &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; log of both sides, you get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a=\frac{x}{c}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Solving for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; shows that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=c\cdot\log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Similarly, the expression &lt;math&gt;\log_b \sqrt[c]{a} = \frac{\log_b a}{c}&lt;/math&gt; holds true using the same methods.

===Converting between bases===
Most scientific calculators have the &lt;math&gt;\log&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\ln&lt;/math&gt; functions built in, which do not include logarithms with other bases. Consider how one might compute &lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a&lt;/math&gt;, where &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; are given known numbers, when we can only compute logarithms in some base &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;. First, let us assume that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{b}a=x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Then the definition of logarithm implies that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;a=b^x&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;If we take the base &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt; log of each side, we get &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;\log_{\beta} a=\log_{\beta} b^x=x\cdot\log_{\beta} b&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Solving for &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; , we find that &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{\log_{\beta} a}{\log_{\beta} b}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;For example, if we only use base 10 to calculate &lt;math&gt;\log_{2}45&lt;/math&gt;, we get &lt;math&gt;\log_{2}45=\frac{\log 45}{\log 2}\approx \frac{1.653212514}{0.301029996} \approx 5.491853096&lt;/math&gt; .

=== Identities of logarithms summary ===
A table is provided below for a summary of logarithmic identities.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 auto;&quot;
!
!Formula
!Example
|-
|Product
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b(x\cdot y) = \log_b x + \log_b y&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 32 = \log_2 (4 \cdot 8) = \log_2 4 + \log_2 8 = 2 + 3 = 5&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Quotient
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b \!\frac{x}{y} = \log_b x - \log_b y&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 16 = \log_2 \!\frac{64}{4} = \log_2 64 - \log_2 4 = 6 - 2 = 4&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Power
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b\left(a^c\right) = c \log_b a&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_2 64 = \log_2 \left(2^6\right) = 6 \log_2 2 = 6&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Root
|&lt;math&gt;\log_b \sqrt[c]{a} = \frac{\log_b a}{c}&lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_{10} \sqrt{1000} = \frac{1}{2}\log_{10} 1000 = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|Change of base
|&lt;math&gt; \log_b a = \frac{\log_\beta a}{\log_\beta b} &lt;/math&gt;
|&lt;math&gt;\log_{9}243=\frac{\log_3 243}{\log_3 9}=\frac{5}{2}=2.5&lt;/math&gt;
|}

==Factoring and roots==
Given the expression &lt;math&gt;x^2+3x+2&lt;/math&gt; , one may ask &quot;what are the values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; that make this expression 0?&quot; If we factor we obtain
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+3x+2=(x+2)(x+1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt; .
If &lt;math&gt;x=-1,-2&lt;/math&gt; , then one of the factors on the right becomes zero. Therefore, the whole must be zero. So, by factoring we have discovered the values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; that render the expression zero. These values are termed &quot;roots.&quot; In general, given a quadratic polynomial &lt;math&gt;px^2+qx+r&lt;/math&gt; that factors as
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;px^2+qx+r=(ax+c)(bx+d)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
then we have that &lt;math&gt;x=-\frac{c}{a}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x=-\frac{d}{b}&lt;/math&gt; are roots of the original polynomial.

A special case to be on the look out for is the difference of two squares, &lt;math&gt;a^2-b^2&lt;/math&gt; . In this case, we are always able to factor as
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;For example, consider &lt;math&gt;4x^2-9&lt;/math&gt; . On initial inspection we would see that both &lt;math&gt;4x^2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;9&lt;/math&gt; are squares of &lt;math&gt;2x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;3&lt;/math&gt;, respectively. Applying the previous rule we have
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;4x^2-9=(2x+3)(2x-3)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== The AC method ===
There is a way of simplifying the process of factoring using the AC method. Suppose that a quadratic polynomial has a formula of

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+qx+r&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

If there are numbers &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; that satisfy both

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a\cdot b=r&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;a+b=q&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Then, the result of factoring will be

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;x^2+qx+r=(x+a)(x+b)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== The quadratic formula ===
{{Calculus/Def|text='''The quadratic formula'''&lt;br/&gt;
Given any quadratic equation &lt;math&gt;ax^2+bx+c=0\ ,\ a\ne0&lt;/math&gt;, all solutions of the equation are given by the quadratic formula:&lt;/br&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac} }{2a}&lt;/math&gt;}}Note that the value of &lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&lt;/math&gt; will affect the number of ''real'' solutions of the equation.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 auto;&quot;
!If
!Then
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&gt;0&lt;/math&gt;
|There are two real solutions to the equation
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac=0&lt;/math&gt;
|There is only one real solution to the equation
|-
|&lt;math&gt;b^2-4ac&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;
|There are no real solutions to the equation
|}

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Find all the roots of &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;}}
Finding the roots is equivalent to solving the equation &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2=0&lt;/math&gt; . Applying the quadratic formula with &lt;math&gt;a=4\ ,\ b=7\ ,\ c=-2&lt;/math&gt; , we have:&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{7^2-4(4)(-2)}}{2(4)}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{49+32}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{81}}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{-7\pm9}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{2}{8}\ ,\ x=\frac{-16}{8}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;x=\frac{1}{4}\ ,\ x=-2&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

The quadratic formula can also help with factoring, as the next example demonstrates.

{{ExampleRobox|title=Example: Factor the polynomial &lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;}}
We already know from the previous example that the polynomial has roots &lt;math&gt;x=\frac{1}{4}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x=-2&lt;/math&gt; . Our factorization will take the form&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;math&gt;C(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
All we have to do is set this expression equal to our polynomial and solve for the unknown constant C:&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;C(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;C\left(x^2+\left(-\tfrac{1}{4}+2\right)x-\tfrac{2}{4}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;C\left(x^2+\tfrac{7}{4}x-\tfrac{1}{2}\right)=4x^2+7x-2&lt;/math&gt;

You can see that &lt;math&gt;C=4&lt;/math&gt; solves the equation. So the factorization is&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;4x^2+7x-2=4(x+2)\left(x-\tfrac{1}{4}\right)=(x+2)(4x-1)&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

=== Vieta's formulae ===
Vieta's formulae relate the coefficients of a polynomial to sums and products of its roots. It is very convenient because under certain circumstances when the sums and products of the quadratic's roots are provided, one does not require to solve the whole quadratic polynomial.{{Calculus/Def|text='''Vieta's formulae''' in quadratic polynomials&lt;br/&gt;
Given any quadratic equation &lt;math&gt;ax^2+bx+c=0\ ,\ a\ne0&lt;/math&gt;, The roots &lt;math&gt;x_1, x_2&lt;/math&gt; of the quadratic polynomial satisfy
:&lt;math&gt; x_1 + x_2 = -\frac{b}{a}, \quad x_1 x_2 = \frac{c}{a}.&lt;/math&gt;}}

==Simplifying rational expressions==
Consider the two polynomials 
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;p(x)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt; and 
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;q(x)=b_mx^m+b_{m-1}x^{m-1}+\cdots+b_1x+b_0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
When we take the quotient of the two we obtain
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{p(x)}{q(x)}=\frac{a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0}{b_mx^m+b_{m-1}x^{m-1}+\cdots+b_1x+b_0}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The ratio of two polynomials is called a '''rational expression'''. Many times we would like to simplify such a beast. For example, say we are given &lt;math&gt;\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}&lt;/math&gt; . We may simplify this in the following way:
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}=\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{x+1}=x-1,\qquad x\ne -1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
This is nice because we have obtained something we understand quite well, &lt;math&gt;x-1&lt;/math&gt; , from something we didn't.

==Formulas of multiplication of polynomials==
Here are some formulas that can be quite useful for solving polynomial problems:
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a\pm b)^2=a^2\pm 2ab+b^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;(a\pm b)^3=a^3\pm 3a^2b+3ab^2\pm b^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;math&gt;a^3\pm b^3=(a\pm b)(a^2\mp ab+b^2)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Polynomial Long Division==
Suppose we would like to divide one polynomial by another. The procedure is similar to long division of numbers and is illustrated in the following example:

===Example===
{{ExampleRobox|title=Divide &lt;math&gt;x^2-2x-15&lt;/math&gt; (the dividend or numerator) by &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; (the divisor or denominator)}}
Similar to long division of numbers, we set up our problem as follows:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

First we have to answer the question, how many times does &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; go into &lt;math&gt;x^2&lt;/math&gt;? To find out, divide the leading term of the dividend by leading term of the divisor. So it goes in &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; times. We record this above the leading term of the dividend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

, and we multiply &lt;math&gt;x+3&lt;/math&gt; by &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and write this below the dividend as follows:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

Now we perform the subtraction, bringing down any terms in the dividend that aren't matched in our subtrahend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~-5x-15~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

Now we repeat, treating the bottom line as our new dividend:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,x-5\\
x+3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x^2-2x-15
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x^2+3x)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~-5x-15~~~\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~-\underline{(-5x-15)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case we have no remainder.
{{Robox/Close}}

===Application: Factoring Polynomials===
We can use polynomial long division to factor a polynomial if we know one of the factors in advance. For example, suppose we have a polynomial &lt;math&gt;P(x)&lt;/math&gt; and we know that &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; is a root of &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt; . If we perform polynomial long division using P(x) as the dividend and &lt;math&gt;(x-r)&lt;/math&gt; as the divisor, we will obtain a polynomial &lt;math&gt;Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math&gt;P(x)=(x-r)Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; , where the degree of &lt;math&gt;Q&lt;/math&gt; is one less than the degree of &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;.

===Exercise===
Use &lt;code&gt;^&lt;/code&gt; to write exponents:
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{Factor &lt;math&gt;x-1&lt;/math&gt; out of &lt;math&gt;6x^3-4x^2+3x-5&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ (x - 1)(6x^2 + 2x + 5) (i)|(x-1)(6x^2+2x+5) (i)|(6x^2 + 2x + 5)(x - 1) (i)|(6x^2+2x+5)(x-1) (i) _22 }
&lt;/quiz&gt;

===Application: Breaking up a rational function===
Similar to the way one can convert an improper fraction into an integer plus a proper fraction, one can convert a rational function &lt;math&gt;P(x)&lt;/math&gt; whose numerator &lt;math&gt;N(x)&lt;/math&gt; has degree &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; and whose denominator &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; has degree &lt;math&gt;d&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;n\ge d&lt;/math&gt; into a polynomial plus a rational function whose numerator has degree &lt;math&gt;\nu&lt;/math&gt; and denominator has degree &lt;math&gt;\delta&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;\nu&lt;\delta&lt;/math&gt; .

Suppose that &lt;math&gt;N(x)&lt;/math&gt; divided by &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; has quotient &lt;math&gt;Q(x)&lt;/math&gt; and remainder &lt;math&gt;R(x)&lt;/math&gt; . That is
:&lt;math&gt;N(x)=D(x)Q(x)+R(x)&lt;/math&gt;
Dividing both sides by &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; gives
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{N(x)}{D(x)}=Q(x)+\frac{R(x)}{D(x)}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;R(x)&lt;/math&gt; will have degree less than &lt;math&gt;D(x)&lt;/math&gt; .

====Example====
{{ExampleRobox|title=Write &lt;math&gt;\frac{x-1}{x-3}&lt;/math&gt; as a polynomial plus a rational function with numerator having degree less than the denominator.}}
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{array}{rl}&amp;~~\,1\\
x-3\!\!\!\!&amp;\big)\!\!\!\begin{array}{lll}
\hline
\,x-1
\end{array}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!-\underline{(x-3)~~~}\\
&amp;\!\!\!\!~~~~~~~~~2~~~\\
\end{array}&lt;/math&gt;
so
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x-1}{x-3}=1+\frac{2}{x-3}&lt;/math&gt;
{{Robox/Close}}

{{Calculus/Top Nav|Precalculus|Trigonometry}}
{{Calculus/TOC}}</text>
      <sha1>osyrkqf2z5lmxt8qr1nut6sxz17svqe</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Methods of Purification</title>
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      <text bytes="14283" sha1="6aljq30sgqyzu8db5baewo6p954vzfl" xml:space="preserve">== Recrystallization ==
[[Image:Recrystallization_technique.jpg‎|250px|thumb|right|&lt;center&gt;'''Summary of Recrystallization'''&lt;/center&gt;]]
Recrystallization is the process of purification that involves dissolution of a solid in a hot solvent, filtration of the heated solution or mixture, crystal formation, and the isolation of the crystalline compound. In order to perform a recrystallization, the solubility of a compound in a hot solvent must be taken advantage of. A saturated solution at a higher temperature normally contains more solute than the same solute/solvent pair at a lower temperature; as a result, the solute precipitates when a warm saturation solution cools. In other words, a solution at a higher temperature will have more dissolved solids and as it cools, the solute will return back to its solid phase, forming a precipitate. Impurities in the solid being recrystallized are usually significantly lower in concentration than the concentration of the substance being purified so as the mixture cools, the impurities remain in solution while the highly concentrated product crystallizes. 

Crystal formation of a solute from a solution is a selective process because only solids moving at the right speed and are under the appropriate conditions of concentration and solvent form almost perfect crystalline materials as only molecules of with the right shape fit into the crystal lattice. Recrystallization purifies a compound because dissolution of the impure solid in a suitable hot solvent destroys the crystal lattice of the impure compound and the recrystallization from the cold solvent selectively produces a new, more pure crystal lattice. Slow cooling of the saturated solution promotes formation of pure crystals because the molecules of the impurities that don’t fit too well have time to return to the solution. Crystals that form slowly are larger(not always) and often purer than ones that form quickly because rapid crystal formation traps impurities within the lattice as they are simply surrounded by the crystallizing solute. The most important aspect of recrystallization is the choice of solvent because the solute should have maximum solubility in the hot solvent and minimum solubility in the cold solvent. The relationship of solute and solvent can be best described as “like dissolves like”. This entails that nonionic compounds generally dissolve in water only when they can associate with the water molecules through hydrogen bonding. Hydrocarbons and alkyl halides are virtually insoluble in water whereas carboxylic acids and alcohols are often recrystallize from water solutions. In a miniscale recrystallization experiment several steps are followed to complete the purification process.

#The solid to be recrystallized must first be weighed and then dissolved in an appropriate hot solvent. 
#The solid impurities must be filtered using a gravity filtration process.
#The hot recrystallization mixture is then set aside to cool to room temperature.
#After cooling to room temperature, the solution is then cooled even further by placing it in an ice-water bath for 10-15 minutes to allow further recrystallization. 
#To collect the crystals and to complete the recrystallization, the crystals must be collected by vacuum filtration.

==An easy depiction of the recrystallization process==
One of the key factors of purification through recrystallization is understanding solubility. In order to proceed with a successful recrystallization process, the mixture must have some important solubility properties. One solvent must be soluble at all temperatures. The next solvent must be soluble at low temperatures. And another solvent must be soluble at high temps, and insoluble at low temps.

[[File:RecrystallizationGraphCpre.png]]

Here is a simple illustration which explains how the purification process is conducted.

The blue square is soluble at all temperatures, The orange circle is mostly insoluble at all temperatures, and the green triangle is soluble at high temperatures and insoluble at low temperatures. 

#1. Add  heat: If we heat up the mixture containing the square, circle, and triangle, the square will already be in solution, and we can heat it to the point that the green triangle dissolves. Then we are left with only the insoluble circle.

#2. Filter: We can then filter the aqueous dissolved solution and once we separate this we are left with only the triangle and square in solution while the circle was left in the previous vessel. 

#3. Cool Down: When the newly isolated mixture is cooled, the triangle will begin to crystallize again since it is insoluble at low temperatures, but the square will remain in solution since it is soluble at all temperatures.

#4. We separate the aqueous layer(the triangle) and we are left with our compound of interest, the triangle.

==Isoelectric Focusing==
[[File:Process of Isoelectric Focusing.jpg|360x480px|thumbnail|The Process of Isoelectric Focusing]]
'''Isoelectric Focusing''' is an electrophoresis protein purification process in which proteins are separated by their isoelectric points.  The '''isoelectric point''' of a protein, the '''pI''', is the characteristic pH at which a protein carries no net charge.  The net charge of a protein is determined by the acidity or basicity of the side chains that make up the protein.  If a protein has more acidic groups than basic groups then the protein will have a very low pH and be considered acidic.  If the protein has more basic groups in its side chains than acidic groups then the overall charge of the protein will cause its pH to be much higher.  Isoelectric focusing takes advantage of these properties with the following steps:

#Create a gel that has a linear pH gradient within it 
#Insert the protein samples into the gel
#Apply an electric field with an anode (+) at one end and a cathode (-) at the other
#Allow time for the proteins to migrate toward their neutral pI according to their net charge

The linear pH of the gel allows for the samples to be added arbitrarily because the pH of the environment combined with the electric field will force the movement of the protein regardless of their initial positions within the gel.  The proteins do not begin to migrate until the electric field is applied.  Upon application of the electric field, the proteins move toward the terminal with the charge opposite them gathering or releasing protons throughout migration until they have reached their neutral, isoelectric point.  For example, assume all the protein samples have been applied at the neutral pH location of the gradient where pH=7.  When the field has finally been applied the proteins will migrate according to their net charge.  If the protein has an isoelectric point of 2 then at the pH of 7, the protein has less hydrogen ions than it needs in order to be neutral, i.e. reach its isoelectric point.  This deems the protein as negative and thus it will move toward the anode (+) picking up protons as it travels through the gradient to a lower pH.  When the protein has finally gathered enough protons to make it neutral, the protein will no longer have a net charge and cease its migration at its isoelectric point.  

Isoelectric Focusing allows for protein purification based on a different protein characteristic, pI.  Therefore proteins with similar characteristics such a molecular weight can be purified and separated via their distinct pI's in rather short periods of time.&lt;ref&gt;Andrews, A.T. (1986). Electrophoresis: theory, techniques, and biochemical and  clinical applications  (2nd edn). Oxford University Press, Oxford. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Sublimation ==
[[Image:Sublimation.jpg|180px|thumb|right|&lt;center&gt;'''Sublimation apparatus'''&lt;/center&gt;]]
		Sublimation is the process in which a substance changes directly from a solid to the gas phase without forming an intermediate liquid phase. One example of this is dry ice, which is converted from the solid form of carbon dioxide directly into carbon dioxide gas. In the laboratory, sublimation can be used to purify an organic compound only after meeting four requirements. 
#The compound must vaporize without melting
#It must be stable enough to vaporize without decomposing
#The vapors of the compound must be able to condense back to the solid
#Impurities within the compound do not also sublime.
The apparatus for sublimation consists of an outer vessel and an inner vessel.
The outer vessel holds the sample to be purified connected to a vacuum. The inner container known as a cold finger provides a cold surface on which the vaporized compound can recondense as a solid. To perform sublimation, the sample to be sublimed must be placed into a filter flask. Next, an inner tube is placed in the flask and the vacuum is turned on. Afterwards, the sublimation flask is heated gently, using a sand bath, as ice is filled in the inner tube. During sublimation, material will disappear from the bottom of the outer vessel and then reappear on the cool, outside surface of the inner test tube. This is the result of the compound vaporizing as it reaches its sublimation temperature and then recondensing on the cold finger as a result of cooling. After completion, the inner test tube can be removed and the pure solid can be scraped off and analyzed. 

It is important to note the distance between the impure compound and the cold finger during sublimation. The components of the sublimation set up need to be close enough to avoid decomposition yet far enough that contamination doesn’t take place. A large distance means that the temperature applied must be very high to keep the compound in the vapor form, which could cause the compound to decompose. A small distance could cause the impurities to easily come into contact with the purified compound on the cold finger. The purification could be ineffective if the distance is not taken into consideration. &lt;ref name=&quot;sublimation&quot;&gt;Mohrig, Jerry R. &quot;Techniques in Organic Chemistry.&quot; 2010, W.H. Freeman and Company&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distillation ==
Distillation is used to separate a two-component mixture and Gas Chromatography is used to identify the constituent compounds. Distillation is a technique that separates compounds based on their vapor pressures and boiling points. When two different compounds are heated, one may boil at a lower temperature than the other. By separating the vapors of the compound with the lower boiling point from the other, one may separate the vapor from the liquid and re-condense it, effectively separating the two. With successive distillations, a high degree of purification is possible. Distillations carried out one a time are called simple distillations. Although high efficiency can be achieved through multiple simple distillations, it would be tedious and require a large initial sample volume. Fractionating distillation, however, simplifies this repeated distillation by providing continuous separations. A fractionating column is utilized to provide extensive surface area to allow for heat exchange between rising vapor and falling condensate; through a recursive mechanism, the upper vapors are more pure in the more volatile compound and the liquid is more pure in the less volatile compound. The degree of separation depends on the different boiling points of compounds as well as the rate of distillation, insulation, and column efficiency. By allowing more time to distill, thermal equilibrium can be reached and higher purities achieved. Likewise, insulation prevents heat loss to preserve initial conditions and column efficiency determines how many distillation “pockets” can occur.
==Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)==
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a simple and quick procedure for separating and identifying components in a mixture. In principle, different components in a mixture have different solubility and differ in their strength of attraction to an adsorbent. This method utilizes this principle and has the mixture to be analyzed performed on a plate with thin layer of a solid adsorbent and then has the plate immersed in a solvent. Components in the mixture will slowly travel up the plate at different rates until they reach the maximum separation for this particular combination of solvent and adsorbent. After the mixture is separated into different colored spots, the plate is dried and the components are examined. 

Technique:

1. Choose a solvent to be used to analyze the mixture, and then pour it into a beaker to a depth less than 0.5cm. The entire process is carried out in a beaker with watch glass on the top to prevent solvent vapor from escaping. 

2.A TLC plate is prepared. A TLC plate is made with a thin layer of adsorbent, usually silica or alumina. Near the bottom of the plate, use a pencil to draw a line across the plate. This line will be the origin where you spot the mixture to be analyzed. 

3. Place the plate in beaker so that only the bottom of the plate is immersed in the solvent.  

4. When the solvent rises up by capillary action and past the spot applied, some components of the mixture will travel at faster rate due to their solubility with the solvent and their adsorption strength to the plate. 

5. Different separation of colored spots will be seen on the plate. If the spots are not colored, UV lamp is used to visualize the plate. 

&lt;!--
[[File:Thin Layer Chromatography.JPG|thumb|1: Origin 2, 3: New positions of compound 4: Distance traveled by solvent ]]
--&gt;

To identify the compounds present, the distance travelled by the solvent and the distance travelled by individual spots are then measured from the plate. Using these measurements, a retention factor, Rf is obtained by the following equation: 
                         Rf = (Distance traveled by the compound)/(Distance traveled by the solvent)
From the value of Rf, the polarity of a compound can be predicted. Moreover, this value can be used to compare two compounds. If two substances have the same Rf value, there is a high chance that they are the same compound. Otherwise, they are certainly different compounds.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

Mohrig, Jerry R. Techniques in Organic Chemistry. 2006, W.H. Freeman and Company

Organic Chemistry Lab, Chemistry 143A

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      <text bytes="14274" sha1="36we3s8u3slljk28itvlru1t85j3e0g" xml:space="preserve">== Recrystallization ==
[[Image:Recrystallization_technique.jpg‎|250px|thumb|right|&lt;center&gt;'''Summary of Recrystallization'''&lt;/center&gt;]]
Recrystallization is the process of purification that involves dissolution of a solid in a hot solvent, filtration of the heated solution or mixture, crystal formation, and the isolation of the crystalline compound. In order to perform a recrystallization, the solubility of a compound in a hot solvent must be taken advantage of. A saturated solution at a higher temperature normally contains more solute than the same solute/solvent pair at a lower temperature; as a result, the solute precipitates when a warm saturation solution cools. In other words, a solution at a higher temperature will have more dissolved solids and as it cools, the solute will return back to its solid phase, forming a precipitate. Impurities in the solid being recrystallized are usually significantly lower in concentration than the concentration of the substance being purified so as the mixture cools, the impurities remain in solution while the highly concentrated product crystallizes. 

Crystal formation of a solute from a solution is a selective process because only solids moving at the right speed and are under the appropriate conditions of concentration and solvent form almost perfect crystalline materials as only molecules of with the right shape fit into the crystal lattice. Recrystallization purifies a compound because dissolution of the impure solid in a suitable hot solvent destroys the crystal lattice of the impure compound and the recrystallization from the cold solvent selectively produces a new, more pure crystal lattice. Slow cooling of the saturated solution promotes formation of pure crystals because the molecules of the impurities that don’t fit too well have time to return to the solution. Crystals that form slowly are larger(not always) and often purer than ones that form quickly because rapid crystal formation traps impurities within the lattice as they are simply surrounded by the crystallizing solute. The most important aspect of recrystallization is the choice of solvent because the solute should have maximum solubility in the hot solvent and minimum solubility in the cold solvent. The relationship of solute and solvent can be best described as “like dissolves like”. This entails that nonionic compounds generally dissolve in water only when they can associate with the water molecules through hydrogen bonding. Hydrocarbons and alkyl halides are virtually insoluble in water whereas carboxylic acids and alcohols are often recrystallize from water solutions. In a miniscale recrystallization experiment several steps are followed to complete the purification process.

#The solid to be recrystallized must first be weighed and then dissolved in an appropriate hot solvent. 
#The solid impurities must be filtered using a gravity filtration process.
#The hot recrystallization mixture is then set aside to cool to room temperature.
#After cooling to room temperature, the solution is then cooled even further by placing it in an ice-water bath for 10-15 minutes to allow further recrystallization. 
#To collect the crystals and to complete the recrystallization, the crystals must be collected by vacuum filtration.

==An easy depiction of the recrystallization process==
One of the key factors of purification through recrystallization is understanding solubility. In order to proceed with a successful recrystallization process, the mixture must have some important solubility properties. One solvent must be soluble at all temperatures. The next solvent must be soluble at low temperatures. And another solvent must be soluble at high temps, and insoluble at low temps.

[[File:RecrystallizationGraphCpre.png]]

Here is a simple illustration which explains how the purification process is conducted.

The blue square is soluble at all temperatures, The orange circle is mostly insoluble at all temperatures, and the green triangle is soluble at high temperatures and insoluble at low temperatures. 

#1. Add  heat: If we heat up the mixture containing the square, circle, and triangle, the square will already be in solution, and we can heat it to the point that the green triangle dissolves. Then we are left with only the insoluble circle.

#2. Filter: We can then filter the aqueous dissolved solution and once we separate this we are left with only the triangle and square in solution while the circle was left in the previous vessel. 

#3. Cool Down: When the newly isolated mixture is cooled, the triangle will begin to crystallize again since it is insoluble at low temperatures, but the square will remain in solution since it is soluble at all temperatures.

#4. We separate the aqueous layer(the triangle) and we are left with our compound of interest, the triangle.

==Isoelectric Focusing==
[[File:Process of Isoelectric Focusing.jpg|360x480px|thumbnail|The Process of Isoelectric Focusing]]
'''Isoelectric Focusing''' is an electrophoresis protein purification process in which proteins are separated by their isoelectric points.  The '''isoelectric point''' of a protein, the '''pI''', is the characteristic pH at which a protein carries no net charge.  The net charge of a protein is determined by the acidity or basicity of the side chains that make up the protein.  If a protein has more acidic groups than basic groups then the protein will have a very low pH and be considered acidic.  If the protein has more basic groups in its side chains than acidic groups then the overall charge of the protein will cause its pH to be much higher.  Isoelectric focusing takes advantage of these properties with the following steps:

#Create a gel that has a linear pH gradient within it 
#Insert the protein samples into the gel
#Apply an electric field with an anode (+) at one end and a cathode (-) at the other
#Allow time for the proteins to migrate toward their neutral pI according to their net charge

The linear pH of the gel allows for the samples to be added arbitrarily because the pH of the environment combined with the electric field will force the movement of the protein regardless of their initial positions within the gel.  The proteins do not begin to migrate until the electric field is applied.  Upon application of the electric field, the proteins move toward the terminal with the charge opposite them gathering or releasing protons throughout migration until they have reached their neutral, isoelectric point.  For example, assume all the protein samples have been applied at the neutral pH location of the gradient where pH=7.  When the field has finally been applied the proteins will migrate according to their net charge.  If the protein has an isoelectric point of 2 then at the pH of 7, the protein has less hydrogen ions than it needs in order to be neutral, i.e. reach its isoelectric point.  This deems the protein as negative and thus it will move toward the anode (+) picking up protons as it travels through the gradient to a lower pH.  When the protein has finally gathered enough protons to make it neutral, the protein will no longer have a net charge and cease its migration at its isoelectric point.  

Isoelectric Focusing allows for protein purification based on a different protein characteristic, pI.  Therefore proteins with similar characteristics such a molecular weight can be purified and separated via their distinct pI's in rather short periods of time.&lt;ref&gt;Andrews, A.T. (1986). Electrophoresis: theory, techniques, and biochemical and  clinical applications  (2nd edn). Oxford University Press, Oxford. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Sublimation ==
[[Image:Sublimation.jpg|180px|thumb|right|&lt;center&gt;'''Sublimation apparatus'''&lt;/center&gt;]]
		Sublimation is the process in which a substance changes directly from a solid to the gas phase without forming an intermediate liquid phase. One example of this is dry ice, which is converted from the solid form of carbon dioxide directly into carbon dioxide gas. In the laboratory, sublimation can be used to purify an organic compound only after meeting four requirements. 
#The compound must vaporize without melting
#It must be stable enough to vaporize without decomposing
#The vapors of the compound must be able to condense back to the solid
#Impurities within the compound do not also sublime.
The apparatus for sublimation consists of an outer vessel and an inner vessel.
The outer vessel holds the sample to be purified connected to a vacuum. The inner container known as a cold finger provides a cold surface on which the vaporized compound can recondense as a solid. To perform sublimation, the sample to be sublimed must be placed into a filter flask. Next, an inner tube is placed in the flask and the vacuum is turned on. Afterwards, the sublimation flask is heated gently, using a sand bath, as ice is filled in the inner tube. During sublimation, material will disappear from the bottom of the outer vessel and then reappear on the cool, outside surface of the inner test tube. This is the result of the compound vaporizing as it reaches its sublimation temperature and then recondensing on the cold finger as a result of cooling. After completion, the inner test tube can be removed and the pure solid can be scraped off and analyzed. 

It is important to note the distance between the impure compound and the cold finger during sublimation. The components of the sublimation set up need to be close enough to avoid decomposition yet far enough that contamination doesn’t take place. A large distance means that the temperature applied must be very high to keep the compound in the vapor form, which could cause the compound to decompose. A small distance could cause the impurities to easily come into contact with the purified compound on the cold finger. The purification could be ineffective if the distance is not taken into consideration. &lt;ref name=&quot;sublimation&quot;&gt;Mohrig, Jerry R. &quot;Techniques in Organic Chemistry.&quot; 2010, W.H. Freeman and Company&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distillation ==
Distillation is used to separate a two-component mixture and Gas Chromatography is used to identify the constituent compounds. Distillation is a technique that separates compounds based on their vapor pressures and boiling points. When two different compounds are heated, one may boil at a lower temperature than the other. By separating the vapors of the compound with the lower boiling point from the other, one may separate the vapor from the liquid and re-condense it, effectively separating the two. With successive distillations, a high degree of purification is possible. Distillations carried out one a time are called simple distillations. Although high efficiency can be achieved through multiple simple distillations, it would be tedious and require a large initial sample volume. Fractionating distillation, however, simplifies this repeated distillation by providing continuous separations. A fractionating column is utilized to provide extensive surface area to allow for heat exchange between rising vapor and falling condensate; through a recursive mechanism, the upper vapors are more pure in the more volatile compound and the liquid is more pure in the less volatile compound. The degree of separation depends on the different boiling points of compounds as well as the rate of distillation, insulation, and column efficiency. By allowing more time to distill, thermal equilibrium can be reached and higher purities achieved. Likewise, insulation prevents heat loss to preserve initial conditions and column efficiency determines how many distillation “pockets” can occur.
==Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)==
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a simple and quick procedure for separating and identifying components in a mixture. In principle, different components in a mixture have different solubility and differ in their strength of attraction to an adsorbent. This method utilizes this principle and has the mixture to be analyzed performed on a plate with thin layer of a solid adsorbent and then has the plate immersed in a solvent. Components in the mixture will slowly travel up the plate at different rates until they reach the maximum separation for this particular combination of solvent and adsorbent. After the mixture is separated into different colored spots, the plate is dried and the components are examined. 

Technique:

1. Choose a solvent to be used to analyze the mixture, and then pour it into a beaker to a depth less than 0.5cm. The entire process is carried out in a beaker with watch glass on the top to prevent solvent vapor from escaping. 

2.A TLC plate is prepared. A TLC plate is made with a thin layer of adsorbent, usually silica or alumina. Near the bottom of the plate, use a pencil to draw a line across the plate. This line will be the origin where you spot the mixture to be analyzed. 

3. Place the plate in beaker so that only the bottom of the plate is immersed in the solvent.  

4. When the solvent rises up by capillary action and past the spot applied, some components of the mixture will travel at faster rate due to their solubility with the solvent and their adsorption strength to the plate. 

5. Different separation of colored spots will be seen on the plate. If the spots are not colored, UV lamp is used to visualize the plate. 

[[File:Thin Layer Chromatography.JPG|thumb|1: Origin 2, 3: New positions of compound 4: Distance traveled by solvent ]]

To identify the compounds present, the distance travelled by the solvent and the distance travelled by individual spots are then measured from the plate. Using these measurements, a retention factor, Rf is obtained by the following equation: 
                         Rf = (Distance traveled by the compound)/(Distance traveled by the solvent)
From the value of Rf, the polarity of a compound can be predicted. Moreover, this value can be used to compare two compounds. If two substances have the same Rf value, there is a high chance that they are the same compound. Otherwise, they are certainly different compounds.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

Mohrig, Jerry R. Techniques in Organic Chemistry. 2006, W.H. Freeman and Company

Organic Chemistry Lab, Chemistry 143A

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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Muscular System</title>
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      <text bytes="24485" sha1="5pa8iow5ahp3qor1yvw189akg1ft184" xml:space="preserve">==Fundamental Components of muscles==

Muscle cells consist of myofibrils which are in turn made up of repeating subunits called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres each contain two Z-bands which make up the walls of the sarcomere to which the actin molecules are connected. In between each pair of actin, bands is a myosin molecule. When the sarcomere contracts, myosin, and actin pull the two z bands closer together shortening the overall length of the sarcomere. The distance that the sarcomere is capable of contracting is called the I band and is the space in between the z-band walls of the sarcomere, and the start of the myosin molecules.

When muscles are stressed i.e. exercise, the number of sarcomeres and myofibrils in each myocyte are increased, instead of the myocyte numbers themselves. This leads to a stronger contractile strength for each individual myocyte without increasing the overall cell population.

==Muscle Types==

[[File:Illu muscle tissues.jpg‎|thumb|Muscle Types]] 

There are three main muscle types: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

Cardiac: Only found in the heart and works involuntarily throughout the human body. These muscles are controlled by the medulla oblongata, which is located at the lower section of the human brain. The heart cells come in long strips with a single nucleus in each cell. They are located at the walls of the heart.  Their main function is to propel blood into circulation. Contraction of the cardiac tissue is caused by an impulse sent from the medulla oblongata to the SA nerve located at the right atrium of the heart.

Smooth: Work involuntarily. Our internal organ muscles are mostly made up of smooth muscles, such as the stomach-hyper link, throat-hyper link, and small intestine-hyper link. Maintains homeostasis in our body. only the heart is not a smooth muscle. Smooth muscles are spherical in shape and contain one nucleus.

Skeletal: Also known as striated muscle tissue. The structure involves a parallel network of fibers of actin and myosin and the formation of actin myosin crossbridges. The movement of skeletal muscle is described by sliding filament theory in which actin filament slide against myosin heads during the process of contraction. Energy is induced from the ATP released by myosin heads when they slide against the actin filaments, changing its conformation from &quot;cocked&quot; to its &quot;resting&quot; state. This process is also known as powerstroke. When calcium level is high in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ATP is available, contraction of muscles continues. Work voluntarily for our body. They are the muscles that move the bones and show external movement. Skeletal muscles contain multiple nuclei, which account for their large size. Skeletal muscle cells also contain multiple nuclei in order to synthesize actin and myosin efficiently. They measure up to several feet in length.

==Muscle-Bone interaction==
Skeletal muscles do not work alone. When muscle is attached to the skeleton, the connection will determine the force, speed, and range of movement, which is produced by contraction of a muscle and modified by attaching the muscle to a lever. A lever is a rigid bar, such as the bone, that moves on a fixed point called fulcrum. Each bone is a lever, and each joint is a fulcrum. The fulcrum helps to support the lever. Levers can change the direction of applied force when body in exercise, the distance and speed of movement affected by the force, and the effective strength of the applied force. Therefore, the movement of the muscle is based upon the type of joint. Joint helps skeleton muscles to expand or contract the muscles.

[[File:Skeletal muscle.png]]

1. Bone
2. Perimysium
3. Blood vessel
4. Muscle fiber
5. Fascicle
6. Endomysium
7. Epimysium
8. Tendon

http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/illu_muscle_structure.jpg

==Myosin-actin interactions underlying muscle fiber contraction==
(1) The myosin head is bound to ATP and is in its lower-energy configuration
(2) The Myosin head hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate and is in its high-energy configuration
(3) The myosin head binds to actin, forming a cross-bridge
(4) Releasing ADP and an inorganic phosphate, myosin returns to its lower-energy configuration, sliding the thin filament
(5) Binding of a new molecule of ATP release the myosin head from actin, and a new cycle begins

==Function of Myosin and the Powerstroke==

Important structural domains of myosin include the motor region, the lever, and the tail.  Heavy chain subunits form the major structural units of the motor region, lever and tail, with light subunits working to stabilize the major components of the myosin functional unit.  Each of the over 35 myosin subclasses has minor structural variations on this theme, but in most cases, the light chains simply serve to stabilize the structure.  

As its name suggests, the motor function confers the mobility to the myosin motor domain and is involved in forcibly moving the lever domain.  Regions that bind actin are divided by a cleft, that when closed, initiates a strong bond with actin elements.  During an active powerstroke, the myosin changes from an up conformation to a down conformation.  A central region dubbed the transducer region strained under certain conditions and a relaxation of this strain contributes to the generation of the powerstroke.  

The sequence of the powerstroke involves several steps.  First, the myosin head binds to the actin filaments, then the conformational shift from up to down is accomplished, then a phosphate group is released, triggering a return to the up conformation. ATP can be hydrolyzed only in the up conformation, a step that leads to lever priming and firing.  The conformational shift of the lever that forms the basis of the powerstroke is thought to be the rate-determining step, a process that does not occur when there has been no bind to actin.

==Skeletal Muscle Contraction==
(1) Aceylcholine are released at synaptic terminal diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor proteins 
(2) Action potential is propagated along plasma membrane and down T tubules
(3) Action potential trigger calcium ions to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
(4) Calcium ions bind to troponin complex in thin filament
(5) Proteins bound along the actin strands shift position
(6) Myosin binding site exposed
(7) Myosin cross-bridges alternately attach to actin and detach, pulling thin filament toward center of sarcomere; ATP powers sliding of filaments
(8) Cytoslic calcium ion is removed by active transport into sarcoplasmic reticulum after action potential ends
(9) tropomyosin blockage of myosin-binding sites is restored
(10) contraction ends, and muscle fiber relaxes

==How Muscles work==

Bones interact with muscles through tendons.  Movement happens when muscles contract and pull the attached bones to bend joints.  Vertebrates have three kinds of muscles:

'''Skeletal muscles''' are also called striated muscles.  They are associated with the skeletal system and are primarily involved in voluntary movement.  A vertebrate has conscious control over these muscles.  Each skeletal muscle cell contains many nuclei.  They make up the bulk of muscle in the body and constitute about 40% of total body weight. They are responsible for positioning and moving the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are usually attached to bones by tendons made of collagen. The origin of a muscle is the end of the muscle that is attached closest to the trunk or to the more stationary bone. The insertion of the muscle is the more distal or more mobile attachment. 

When the bones attached to a muscle are connected by a flexible joint, contraction of the muscle moves the skeleton. If the centers of the connected bones are brought closer together when the muscle contracts, the muscle is called a flexor, and the movement is called flexion. If the bones move away from each other when the muscle contracts, the muscle is called an extensor, and the movement is called extension. Most joints in the body have both flexor and extensor muscles, because a contracting muscle can pull a bone in one direction but cannot push it back. Flexor-extensor pairs are called antagonistic muscle groups because they exert opposite effects. 

Muscles function together as a unit. A skeletal muscle is a collection of muscle cells, or muscle fibers, just as a nerve is a collection of neurons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a long, cylindrical cell with up to several hundred nuclei on the surface of the fiber. Skeletal muscle fibers are the largest cels in the body, created by the fusion of many individual embryonic muscle cells.

The fibers in a given muscle are arranged with their long axes in parallel, and each skeletal muscle fiber is sheeted in connective tissue. Groups of adjacent fibers are bundled together into units called fascicles. Collagen, elastic fibers, nerves, and blood vessels are found between the fascicles. The entire muscle is enclosed in a connective tissue sheath that is continuous with the connective tissue around the muscle fibers and fascicles and with the tendon holding the muscle to underlying bones.    

'''Smooth muscle''' is found in the walls of the internal organs.  These organs include the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder.  It is an involuntary muscle.  Although skeletal muscle has the most muscle mass in the body, cardiac and smooth muscle are more important in the maintenance of homeostasis. Smooth muscle is found predominantly in the walls of hollow organs and tubes, where its constriction changes the shape of the organ. Often smooth muscle generates force to move material through the lumen of the organ. For example, sequential waves of smooth muscle contraction in the intestinal tract move ingested material from the esophagus to the colon. 

Smooth muscle is noticeably different from striated muscle in the way it develops tension. In a smooth muscle twitch, contraction and relaxation occur much more slowly than in either skeletal or cardiac muscle. At the same time, smooth muscle uses less energy to generate a given amount of force, and it can maintain its force for long periods. By one estimate, for example, a smooth muscle cell can generate maximum tension with only 25~30 % of its crossbridges active. 

In addition, smooth muscle has low oxygen consumption rates yet can sustain contractions for extended periods without fatiguing. This property allows organs such as the bladder to maintain tension despite a continued load. It also allows some smooth muscles to be tonically contracted and maintain tension most of the time. The esophageal and urinary bladder sphincters are examples of tonically contracted muscles whose function is to close off the opening to a hollow organ. These sphincters relax when it is necessary to allow material to enter or leave the organ. 

Until recently, smooth muscle had not been studied as extensively as skeletal muscle for many reasons:
1. Smooth muscle has more variety.
2. Smooth muscle anatomy makes functional studies difficult.
3. Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by hormones and paracrines in addition to neurotransmitters.
4. Smooth muscle has variable electrical properties.
5. Multiple pathways influence contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle. 

'''Smooth Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle'''
Smooth muscles are small, spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus, in contrast to the large multinucleated fibers of skeletal muscles. In neurally controlled smooth muscle, neurotransmitter is released from autonomic neuron varicosities close to the surface of the muscle fibers. Smooth muscle lacks specialized receptor regions such as the motor end plates found in skeletal muscle synapses. Instead, the neurotransmitter simply diffuses across the cell surface until it finds a receptor. 

Most smooth muscle is single-unit smooth muscle (unitary smooth muscle), so called because the individual muscle cells contract as a single unit. Single-unit smooth muscle is also called visceral smooth muscle because it forms the walls of internal organs (viscera), such as blood vessels and the intestinal tract. All the fibers of single-unit smooth muscle are electrically connected to one another, so an action potential in one cell will spread rapidly through gap junctions to make the entire sheet of tissue contract. Because all fibers contract every time, no reserve units are left to be recruited to increase contraction force. Instead, the amount of calcium that enters the cell determines the force of contraction. 

Multi-unit smooth muscle consists of cells that are not linked electrically. Consequently, each individual muscle cell must be closely associated with an axon terminal or varicosity and stimulated independently. This arrangement allows fine control of contractions in these muscles through selective activation of individual muscle cells. As in skeletal muscle, increasing the force of contraction requires recruitment of additional fibers. 

Multi-unit smooth muscle is found in the iris and ciliary body of the eye, in part of the male reproductive tract, and in the uterus except just prior to labor and delivery. Interestingly, the multi-unit smooth muscle of the uterus changes and becomes single-unit during the final stages of pregnancy. Genes for synthesis of gap junction connexin proteins turn on, apparently under the influence of pregnancy hormones. The addition of gap junctions to the uterine muscle cells synchronizes electrical signals, allowing the uterine muscle to contract more effectively while expelling the baby.

'''Cardiac muscle''' makes up the heart.  These muscles are also involuntary and can contract without stimulation from the nervous system. Cardiac muscle shares features with both smooth and skeletal muscle. Like skeletal muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fibers are striated and have a sarcomere structure. However, cardiac muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal muscle fibers, may be branched, and have a single nucleus (unlike multinucleate skeletal muscle fibers). As in single-unit smooth muscle, cardiac muscle fibers are electrically linked to one another. The gap junctions are contained in specialized cell junctions known as intercalated disks. Some cardiac muscle, like some smooth muscle, exhibits pacemaker potentials. In addition, cardiac muscle is under sympathetic and parasympathetic control as well as hormonal control.  

Muscles can be thought of as participators in the nervous system.  Nerves will send messages to muscles through voluntary impulse or involuntary instinct.  Muscles take these messages and convert them into movement by either contracting or relaxing.

{{BookCat}}

Biology (Eighth Edition) by Campbell &amp; Reece

==Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles==
Skeletal muscles have neuromuscular junctions, which is a synapse of an axon terminal of a motorneuron. The NMJ is responsible for the movement of action potentials across the neurons to initiate a physical reaction from the muscles. 
The process begins with the release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles of an alpha motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. Vesicles containing acetylcholine fuse to the cell membrane, and by exocytosis, releases the chemical. Acetylcholine then diffuses throughout the synaptic cleft, and binds to acetylcholine receptors that are located on the motor end plate. These are nicotinic receptors, and are ligand-gated ion channels which means they respond when a ligand binds to it. The binding of the acetylcholine signals the opening of the channels, and sodium ions flow in while potassium ions flow out. This results in a neuron depolarization, which spreads across the muscle fiber's t-tubules. The depolarization causes activates voltage gated calcium channels (dihydropyridine receptors) in the T tubule membrane. Dihydropyridine receptors interact with calcium-release channels (ryanodine receptors) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This causes a release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is the holding cell for calcium. The release of calcium results in a muscle contraction when calcium binds to troponin of skeletal muscle.
Enzymes called acetylcholinesterase degrade acetylcholine by hydrolysis and the neurotransmitter is diffused away. This causes the ligand gated receptors to close.

==Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction==
When signaled to, a synaptic terminal nearby the muscle fiber releases Acetylcholine (ACh) into the synaptic cleft. This neurotransmitter binds to receptor proteins on the muscle fiber’s plasma membrane, creating an action potential. This action potential is sent along the membrane and down through T tubule found on and within the membrane. The action potential triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to release Ca2+ into the cytosol of the muscle. This occurs when the plasma membrane depolarizes and an action potential sweeps along the membrane, the depolarization moves into the T-tubules and activates integral membrane proteins that are confined to T-tubule membranes in skeletal muscle fibers. The activated proteins are called dihydropyridine receptors (DHP receptors), which mechanically interact with particular proteins in the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These proteins in the membranes of the ER are called ryanodine receptors. 

These ryanodine receptors are Ca2+ channels that when activated by DHP receptors, open and allow Ca2+ to diffuse out of the SR and into the cytoplasm, where it can bind to troponin. Within the myofibril, the calcium ions bind to the troponin complex, causing the tropomyosin, which is covering the myosin binding sites, to shift, and thus exposing the myosin binding sites of the thin filament. With the aid of ATP, the myosin is able to form cross-bridges by binding to the actin. The attachment and detachment from the actin cause the sliding of the filaments, and thus the contraction of the muscle. When the motor input stops, and it is time for the muscle to relax, the filaments slide back to their original positions, with the tropomyosin blocking the myosin binding sites. The calcium ions are pumped back into the SR by transport proteins. The calcium ions accumulate in the SR until it is needed to respond to the next action potential.

Once the Ca2+ is able to bind to the troponin on the muscle fibers, the &quot;sliding filament&quot; theory takes place. This theory describes the mechanism of muscle contraction. In this theory, the myofilaments slide past one another when myosins bind to actins and &quot;row&quot; along the thin filaments (actin). When a myosin is bound to actin, the hinge between the head and the straight rod of the myosin molecule bends, which in turn releases ADP and Pi. As a result of this bending, the myosin molecule pulls itself along the actin, but actins are bound to Z-lines, so when an actin moves along myosins, they pull the Z-lines toward one another, shortening the sacromere, leading to contraction of the entire muscle as a whole. When the muscle is to relax, ATP attaches to the myosin head again, which breaks the thin filament to thick filament bonds. ATP binding is therefore the basis for relaxation of muscles. 

The bound ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi, returning the hinge between the head and the rod of the myosin back to its original conformation, continuing the cycle of muscle contraction and relaxation. At any one time, many myosin heads are attached to each actin filament. The amount of tension that is exerted during a contraction is proportional to the number of connections between actin and myosin heads. 

The unitary response of a muscle fiber to stimulation is called a twitch (a brief contraction). A twitch occurs in response to a depolarization of the muscle membrane, either in response to electrical stimulation or as the result of and excitatory post-synaptic potential it the neuromuscular junction. These twitches sum to produce long, strong contractions at their tetanus points. As the frequency of a stimulation increases, the frequency of twitches increases up to a maximum. Each summed twitch increases the magnitude of contraction because the elastic properties of the muscle are not sufficient to allow the muscle to return to resting length in the time between twitches. The maximum contraction in which there is no time for relaxation between stimuli is called tetanus. Therefore, the strength of a whole muscle contraction depends on the number of fibers in a muscle, because more fibers will bring a stronger contraction, the number of neurons that are active, and the frequency of contractions.

Summary of Muscle Contraction
Mechanism

When an action potential reaches the neurotransmitter junction, Acetylcholine gets released into the synaptic cleft. This results in the opening of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and entrance of sodium ions. An action potential is generated in the T-tubule, then calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum. This marks the step where contraction occurs.

Highlights

Calcium is removed by calcium pumps that pump the ion back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is when relaxation occurs.
T-tubule contains voltage gated protein channels that open in response to depolarization. 

Sarcoplasmic reticulum has several calcium channels which open when there is stimulation by T-tubules. In addition, it contains many calcium pumps that maintain a high concentration of calcium inside the cell so that ions are able to flow out during the process of contraction. The flow of calcium activates troponin, which stimulates a power stroke and results in sarcomere contraction. 

There are two types of contractions:

A- Isotonic contraction which occurs when the muscle contraction is equal to the load on muscle. For example, when you lift an object and hold it in place.
B- Isometric contraction which occurs when the load on muscle exceeds the force of contraction. For instance, when you try to lift a very heavy object (the muscle contracts at a maximum rate)

==Oxidative and Glycolytic Fibers==
'''Oxidative fibers''' rely mostly on aerobic respiration. It is made this way to make sure a steady energy supply. It has many mitochondria, a rich blood supply, and a large amount of hemoglobin.
'''Glycolytic fibers''' uses glycolysis as their primary source of ATP. It has a larger diameter and less myoglobin than oxidative fibers and it fatigue much more readily. 

==Fast Twitch and Slow Twitch Fibers==
'''Fast-twitch fibers''' are used for brief, rapid, powerful contractions. Fast-twitch fibers are made up of white muscles, which depend on anaerobic glycolysis for energy. Although glycolysis is very quick, it is also inefficient at producing ATP. Glycolysis produces lactic acid as a byproduct, which leads to fatigue. The use of glycogen cycle is the reason why fast-twitch muscles tire out quickly. 
'''Slow-twitch fibers''' are used to maintain posture. A slow fiber has less sarcoplasmic reticulum and pumps calcium more slowly than a fast fiber. Since calcium remains in the cytosol longer, a muscle twitch in a slow fiber lasts about five times as long as one in a fast fiber. Slow-twitch fibers are usually found in the red muscles. The red muscles use oxidative phosphorylation to obtain ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the red muscles because the process requires a lot of oxygen, and the red muscles contain high amounts of myoglobin. The process is  slower than glycolysis, but much more efficient, which is why slow-twitch muscles do not tire easily. 
Although it is still being debated, scientists believe that individuals are born with a set amount of fast-twitch fibers and slow-twitch fibers. Sprinting everyday will not convert some of the slow-twitch muscle into fast-twitch muscle, and vice versa. Marathon runners become marathon runners because they naturally have more slow-twitch fibers, allowing them to be effective in the sport. Likewise, sprinters are born with more fast-twitch muscles than others. Although this may be true, exercise can make both fast and slow-twitch muscles bigger, leading to better fitness results.

==Reference==
&lt;http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martinidemo/chapter11/medialib/CH11/html/ch11_2_2.html&gt;

&lt;http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Muscular_page.L.html#Muscles_Types-cardiac&gt;

Human Physiology: An integrated approach (Fourth edition) by Dee Unglaub Silverthorn</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Metabolism Coupled Reactions</title>
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      <text bytes="11541" sha1="h4o2if3smc6b2gbu31bg4ia570z6j35" xml:space="preserve">== Metabolic Pathways ==
The living systems are highly ordered and utilize energy. This energy is not created by the living system. It is instead, obtain from the environment, and then processed into usable forms. 
[[Structural Biochemistry/Metabolism|Metabolism]] is a series of chemical reactions beginning with a particular molecule and converting it into another molecule or molecules. It has many defined pathways in the cells which are interdependent and their activity is coordinated very sensitively by means of communication in which [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme/Allosteric Enzymes|allosteric enzymes]] are predominant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =410–411 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The overview of the process is that through photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water, with the help of light, is converted into organic molecules, or food in our sense. Through cellular respiration, the organic molecules are converted back into carbon dioxide and water. Metabolism is the total chemical reaction occurring in the body, and it involves molecular interaction. It is highly regulated and yields a change in energy content of the reactants. The metabolic pathways is a series of reaction controlled by multiple enzymes. 

== Energy Transformation ==
Organisms transform energy, and energy is the capacity to do work. There are kinetic energies and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, it can be used to perform work. Examples of kinetic energy are light, heat, and electricity. Potential energy is stored energy. An example is electrochemical gradients. Light can be transformed into chemical bonds. Chemical bonds can be transformed to be used for mechanical work. Energy transformation must follow the two thermodynamic laws. The first law -conservation of energy - is that energy can neither be created or destroyed; it can only change forms. The Universe has a constant form of energy. The second law of that energy transformation yields an increase in the entropy of the universe. Entropy is a measure of disorder. But this is referring to the a closed system, one in which matter is isolated from the surrounding. So as long as the entropy of the system and surrounding increases, entropy of the system itself may decrease.

===Classes===
====Catabolic Reactions====
[[Structural Biochemistry/Catabolism|Catabolic Reactions]] are metabolic pathways in which reactions convert energy from fuels into biologically useful forms.

====Anabolic Reactions====
[[Structural Biochemistry/Anabolism|Anabolic Reactions]] are metabolic pathways in which reactions require energy to proceed.

====Amphibolic Reactions====
Amphibolic reactions are metabolic pathways that involves both catabolic and anabolic reactions. 
{{BookCat}}

===Unifying Themes===
====Activated Carriers====
ATP is an activated carrier of phosphoryl groups because phosphoryl transfer from ATP is an [[Structural Biochemistry/Exergonic reaction|exergonic process]]. The use of activated carriers is a motif in biochemistry and most function as coenzymes:

1. Activated Carriers of Electrons for Fuel Oxidation. In aerobic organisms electrons are not transferred directly to O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; despite being the ultimate electron acceptor. Rather, fuel molecules transfer electrons to special carriers which are either pyridine nucleotides or flavens. The reduced form of these carriers then transfer their high-potential electrons to O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. 

2. Activated Carrier of Electrons for Reductive Biosynthesis. High potential electrons are required in most biosyntheses because the precursors are more oxidized then the products. Hence, reducing power is needed in addition to ATP.  

3. An Activated Carrier of Two-Carbon Fragments. Coenzyme A, another central molecule in metabolism is a carrier of acyl groups. Acyl groups are important constituents in both [[Structural Biochemistry/Catabolism|catabolism]], and [[Structural Biochemistry/Anabolism|anabolism]]. The terminal sulfhydryl group of CoA is the reactive sites. Acyl groups are linked to CoA by thioester bonds resulting derivative called acyl CoA. The hydrolysis of thioester is thermodynamically favorable that that of an oxygen ester because the electrons of C=O cannot form resonance structures with C - bonds, making acetyl CoA have a high acetyl-group transfer potential because transfer of acyl group is exergonic. Acetyl CoA carries an activated acetyl group, just as ATP carries an activated phosphoryl group. 
 [[Image:Acetyl-CoA.svg‎]]
[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acetyl-CoA.svg] Aceyl-CoA

Use of activated carriers illustrates that Kinetic stability of these molecules in the absence of specific catalysts is essential for their biological function because it enables [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzymes]] to control the flow of [[Structural Biochemistry/Free energy|free energy]] and reducing powers. Secondly most intercharges of activated groups in metabolisms are accomplished by rather small set of carriers such as ATP, NADH and NADPH. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =420–422 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Vitamins=====
Almost all activated carriers that act as coenzymes are derived from [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamins and Cofactors|vitamins]]. Vitamins are organic molecules that are needed in small amounts in the diets of some animals. They play the same roles in nearly all forms of life, but higher animals have lost the capacity to synthesize the in the course of evolutions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =423| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

 [[Image:Pyridoxine structure.svg‎]]
[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pyridoxine_structure.svg] Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;,coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Typical reaction type is group transfer to or from amino acids. Deficiency can lead to depression, confusion and convulsion. 

====Reiteration in Metabolism====
Six fundamental reaction types that are the basis of metabolism: 

1. Oxidation-reduction reactions are essential components of pathways. Useful energy is derived from the oxidation of carbon compounds. 

2. Ligation reactions form bonds by using free energy from ATP cleavage

3. Isomerization reactions rearrange particular atoms within a molecule. 

4. Group-transfer reactions play a variety of roles.

5. Hydrolytic reactions cleave bonds by the addition of water. 

6. Functional groups may be added to double bonds to form single bonds or removed from single bonds to form double bonds.

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =425–427| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Regulation in Metabolism====
Metabolic reactions must be to rigorously related but at the same time must be flexible to adjust metabolic activity to constantly changing external environment cells. Metabolism are regulated through:

1. Controlling the Amounts of Enzyme. Amount of particular enzyme depends on both its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation. 

2. Controlling Catalytic Activity. Catalytic activity of enzymes are controlled in several ways:
     (a.) reversible [[Structural Biochemistry/Protein function/Allosteric Regulation|allosteric control]]
     (b.) [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme Regulation/Feedback inhibition|feedback inhbition]]
     (c.) reversible covalent modification
     (d.) hormones coordinate metabolic relations between different tissues
     (e.) energy status of cell --&gt; energy charge 

3. Controlling the Accessibility of Substrate. Compartmentalization segregates opposed reactions and Controlling the flux of substrates.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =428–429| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Metabolism from RNA World===
The current thinking is that RNA was an early biomolecule that in an early RNA world would have served as a catalyst and information-storage. Activated carries such as ATP, NADH, FADH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and coenzyme A contain adenosine diphosphate units evolved from early RNA catalyst. Non-RNA units such as isoalloxazine ring may have been recruited to serve as efficient carriers of activated electrons and chemical units, which were functions not performed by RNA itself. Then when a more versatile proteins replaced RNA as the major catalysts, the ribonucleotide coenzymes stayed essentially unchanged because they were already well suited to their metabolic roles. With the advent of protein enzymes, these important cofactors evolved as free molecules without losing adenosine diphosphate vestiage of their RNA-world ancestry explaining why molecules and motifs of metabolism are common to all forms of life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =429| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Thermodynamics of Pathways==
Thermodynamically unfavorable reactions can be driven by a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction when it is coupled. This is because a pathway must satisfy two criteria: (1.) the individual reactions must be specific and (2.) the entire set of reactions that constitute the pathway must be thermodynamically favored. A reaction that is specific will yield only one particular product or set of products from its reactants due to [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Restriction Enzyme#Specificity|enzyme specificity.]] 
Thermodynamics of metabolism is most readily approached in relation to [[Structural Biochemistry/Free energy|free energy]], which states that a reaction can occur spontaneously only if &lt;math&gt;\Delta G&lt;/math&gt; is negative. This is due to the formation of products C and D from subtrates A and B given by the formula
:&lt;math&gt;\Delta G = \Delta G^\circ + R T \ln Q [C][D]/[A][B] \,&lt;/math&gt;

Thus &lt;math&gt;\Delta G&lt;/math&gt; depends on the nature of the reactants and their concentrations, which leads to thermodynamically fact that overall free-energy change for a chemically coupled series of reactions is equal to the free-energy changes of the individual steps.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =410–411 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/ATP</title>
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      <text bytes="16688" sha1="5rdyqo109kim80c6bv1yix2gm8m6q7j" xml:space="preserve">Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that consists of an adenine and a ribose linked to three sequential phosphoryl (PO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;) groups via a phosphoester bond and two phosphoanhydride bonds. ATP is the most abundant nucleotide in the cell and the primary cellular energy currency in all life forms. The primary biological importance of ATP rests in the large amount of free energy released during its hydrolysis. This provides energy for other cellular work, such as biosynthetic reactions, active transport, and cell movement. ATP is used in cellular metabolism in plants. It involved with light to create energy for plant. Besides, ATP is also one of components of DNA. 

==Definition==
[[File:Adenosintriphosphat protoniert.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of ATP]]
'''[[Structural Biochemistry/ATP/ATP/ATP|ATP]]''' also known as adenosine 5'-triphosphate. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and orthosphosphate (P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;). When fuel molecules are oxidized in chemotrophs or when light is trapped by phototrophs. This nucleotide is tremendously important since it is the most commonly used energy currency. The energy is released from the cleave of the triphosphate group is used to power many cellular processes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =110–111 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Physical and Chemical Properties of ATP ==

ATP is composed of an adenine ring, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups (triphosphate). The groups of the phosphate group are usually called the alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) phosphates. It is typically related to a monomer of RNA called adenosine nucleotide. Gamma phosphate group is the primary phosphate group on the ATP molecules that is hydrolyzed when the energy is needed to drive anabolic reactions. Basically gamma phosphate is typically located the farthest from the ribose sugar and has a higher energy of hydrolysis than either that of the alpha and beta phosphate. The bonds that are formed after hydrolysis or the phosphorylation of a residue by ATP are lower in energy than that of the phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP. 

ATP is very soluble in water and is a quite stable solution that has a pH of 6.8-7.4, but is rapidly hydrolysed at extreme pH. Thus, ATP is best stored as an anhydrous salt. 

Although, ATP is quite stable in solution, it is an unstable molecule in unbuffered water. This is because, once ATP gets in contact with unbuffered water, it hydrolyses to ADP and phosphate due to the strength of the bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP is commonly seen to be less than the strength of the hydrogen bonds (hydration bonds) between its products (ADP + phosphate) and water. Therefore, if ATP and ADP are in chemical equilibrium in water, almost all the ATP will form into ADP because of the reaction that will occur. Gibbs free energy is when a system is far from equilibrium and it is able to do some kind of work. It is seen that typical living cells maintain the ratio of ATP and ADP at a point ten orders of magnitude from equilibrium. However, this may only occur if ADP is thousand fold lower in concentration than that of ATP. This shows that hydrolysis of ATP in cells usually release a large amount of free energy in reaction. 

However, even with releasing a large amount of free energy during reaction, any unstable system of potentially reactive molecules could potentially serve as a way of storing free energy. This is only if the cells maintain their concentration far from the equilibrium point of the reaction. However, the idea of both energy-release and entropy-increase always occur during the breakdown of RNA, DNA, and ATP into simpler monomers. 

In an ATP molecule, two high-energy phosphate bonds called phsophoanhydride bonds are responsible for high energy content of this molecule. Based on biochemical reaction, these anhydride bonds are often referred to as high-energy bonds. Also the released of hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds can happen in the energy stored ATP.

==Binding to Proteins==
Rossmann fold is a type of protein fold that some proteins and ATP bind together as. This characteristic protein fold is a general nucleotide-binding structural domain that can also bind the coenzyme NAD. Kinase is the most common ATP-binding protein. They share a small number of common folds and there biggest kinase superfamily all share common structural features specialized for ATP binding and phosphate transfer. 

ATP also requires the presence of a divalent cation that is almost as magnesium as a metal used. This metal binds to the ATP phosphate groups. This metal ion can also serve as a mechanism for kinase regulation. The presence of magnesium greatly decreases the dissociation constant of ATP from its protein binding partner without even affecting the ability of the enzyme to catalyze its reaction once the ATP has bound.

==Intracellular ATP==
Intracellular ATP hydrolysis is catalyzed by intracellular ATPases. For example, the (Na+-K+)-ATPase located in the plasma membranes of higher eukaryotes drives active transport of Na+ and K+ coupled to ATP hydrolysis, and generates electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. Another important intracellular ATPase is myosin. The myosin heads form the cross-bridges to thin filaments in intact myofibrils and its ATP-powered movement is responsible for muscle contraction.

==Extracellular ATP==


ATP is also present in extracellular spaces in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations, which are 3-6 orders of magnitude lower than intracellular ATP concentration (1, 2). ATP is released from cells to extracellular spaces by regulated exocytosis or plasma membrane channels (Figure 1). Regulated exocytosis is an important process used to release substances such as hormones or neurotransmitters from the cell and is triggered by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (2, 3). ATP efflux also occurs through plasma membrane conductance channels, transporters, or constitutive secretory pathways as residual cargo products (2). Extracellular ATP acts as a neurotransmitter and an autocrine/paracrine chemical messenger in non-neural tissues. Its effects are mediated by the P2 purinergic receptors and elicit a variety of physiological responses, such as neurotransmission, regulation of secretion, modulation of immune functions, pain transmission, apoptosis etc.

P2 receptors consist of two major subfamilies, P2X and P2Y. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels and P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. The concentration of extracellular ATP is regulated by its hydrolysis that is catalyzed by extracellular ATPases. Thus the physiological responses mediated by the purinergic receptors are modulated by extracellular ATPases (Figure 2). For example, Sesti et al. reported that ATP modulates norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic nerve endings and this action of ATP is controlled by purinergic receptors in cardiac synaptosomes and modulated by extracellular ATPases (4). Di Virgilio et al. reported that a potent platelet aggregating factor is ADP and its amount is regulated by the activity of extracellular ATPases on endothelial cells (5). However, the precise relationship of multiple P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes to extracellular ATPases remains to be determined.

==Exergonic Reaction==
The role of ATP is an energy-rich molecule because its triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds. Large amounts of [[Structural Biochemistry/Free energy|free energy]] is liberated when ATP is hydrolyzed to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and orthosphosphate (P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;) or when ATP is hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PP&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;). The precise &lt;math&gt;\Delta G^\circ&lt;/math&gt; for these reactions depend on [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Ionic interaction|ionic]] strength of the metal such as Mg &lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;. The free energy is liberated in hydrolysis of ATP is harnessed to drive reactions that require an input of energy for muscle contraction. The formation of ATP from ADP and P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; is known as the ATP-ADP cycle is the fundamental mode of energy exchange in biological systems. It is intriguing to note that although, all nucleotide triphosphates are energetically equivalent, ATP is the primary cellular energy carrier. Under cellular conditions, the hydrolysis of ATP shifts the equilibrium of a coupled reaction by a factor of 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =413–415 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Phosphoryl Potential ==
ATP has a particularly efficient phosphoryl-group donor that can best be explained by features of the ATP structure:

'''Resonance Structures'''. ADP and P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; have greater resonance stabilization than does ATP. Orthophosphate has multiple resonance forms of similar energy whereas the &lt;math&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; phosphoryl group of ATP has a smaller number due to its unfavorability of the positively charged oxygen atom that is adjacent to a positively charged phosphorus atom.

'''Electrostatic Repulsion'''. At pH 7, triphosphate unit of ATP carries four negative charges which repel one another due to their close proximity. The repulsion between them is reduced when ATP is hydrolyzed. 

'''Stabilization Due to Hydration'''. More water can bind effectively to ADP and P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; than can bind to the phosphoanhydride part of ATP, stabilizing the ADP and P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; by hydration.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =415 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Consumption of ATP==
The large amounts of energy provided by the hydrolysis of ATP are necessary to overcome the large free energy changes necessary to create the large macromolecular proteins.  The cleavagle of the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP provides the source for free energy to make biological reactions spontaneous (negative free energy).  Because the amount of entropy of the universe is continually increasing it is unfavorable for large macromolecules to form without the use of ATP.  Because of this, the free energy generated by the ATP is always immediately consumed by nearby endergonic (energy-reguiring) biological reactions.  The exergonic reaction of the ATP is only able to proceed if it is coupled to an endergonic reaction, otherwise thermodynamic equilibrium would not be obtained.  The consumption of ATP proceeds with the first step of having an enzyme attache an amino acid to the a-phosphate of ATP.  This results in the release of a pyrophosphate. This release is called an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate.  The reaction then proceeds to the enzyme catalyzing transfer of an amino acid to one of two -OH locations on the ribose portion of the adenosine residue.  ATP is able to release energy into cells because cells maintain a concentration of ATP that is far higher above the equilibrium concentrations.  The high concentration of ATP allows it to be the main provider of driving endergonic reactions in cells.  This coupling of energy releasing and consuming systems through a common intermediate is vital to energy exchange in living systems.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | date = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =110 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
= Lehninger | firs = Albert | authorlink = |Nelson, David L. and Michael M. Cox | title = Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 4th ed | publisher = W.H. Freeman &amp; Co | date = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages 22–25 | isbn = 0-7167-4339-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Importance of Oxidation of Carbon==
===Formation of ATP===
ATP is a principal immediate donor of free energy in biological systems meaning that it is consumed within a minute of it formation. The carbon in fuel molecules such as [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|glucose]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids|fats]] are oxidized to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the energy released is used to regenerate ATP from ADP and P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;. Oxidation in fuel takes place one carbon at a time and the carbon-oxidation energy is used in some cases to create compounds with high phosphoryl-transfer potential and other cases to create ion gradient as well with the end formation of ATP.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =417 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Coupling with Carbon Fuels===
ATP is coupled with oxidation of carbon fuels directly and through the formation of ion gradients. Energy of oxidation is initially trapped as high-phosphoryl-transfer potential compound and then used to form ATP.  In ion gradients the electrochemical potential, produced by oxidation of fuel molecules or by photosynthesis, which ultimately powers the synthesis of most ATP in cells. ATP hydrolysis can be used to form ion gradients of different types and functions.

===Energy from Food===
Described by Hans Krebs the three stages in generation of energy from oxidation of foodstuffs:

1. Large molecules in foods are broken down into smaller units in a process known as digestion. Proteins are hydrolyzed to their 20 different [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Polysaccharides|polysaccharides]] are hydrolyzed into simple [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|sugars]] and lastly [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids|fats]] are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids. 

2. Numerous small molecules are degraded to a few simple units that play a central role in metabolism. Sugars, fatty acids, glycerol and several amino acids are converted into the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Some ATP is generated but not a substantial amount.

3. ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Final stage consist of citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation  which are the final pathways in oxidation of fuel molecules. Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid, where they are completely oxidized to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Four pairs of electrons are transferred for each acetyl group that is oxidized. Then a proton gradient is generated as electron flows from the reduced forms of these carriers to O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the gradient is used to synthesize ATP.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Jeremy | authorlink = | coauthors = John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer | title = Biochemistry, 6th Edition | publisher = Sara Tenney | year = 2007 | location = New York, New York | pages =419–420| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-8724-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

 [[Image:Catabolism.svg]]
[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catabolism.svg]

==References==
{{reflist}}

1.	Schwiebert, E. M. ABC transporter-facilitated ATP conductive transport. Am. J. Physiolo., 1999, 276, C1-C8.

2.	Lazarowski, E. R., Boucher, R. C., and Harden, K. T. Mechanisms of release of nucleotides and integration of their action as P2X- and P2Y-receptor activating molecules. Mol. Pharmacol., 2003, 64, 785-795.

3.	Theander, S., Lew, D. P., and Nüße, O. Granule-specific ATP requirements for Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human neutrophils. Evidence for substantial ATP-independent release. J. Cell Sci., 2002, 115, 2975-2983.

4.	Sesti, C., Broekman, M. J., Drosopoulos, J. H., Islam, N., Marcus, A. J., and Levi, R. Ectonucleotidase in cardiac sympathetic nerve endings modulates ATP-mediated feedback of norepinephrine release. J. Pharmacol. and Exp. Ther., 2002, 300, 605-611.

5.      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

6.	Di Virgilio, F., Chiozzi, P., Ferrari, D., Falzoni, S., Sanz, J. M., Morelli, A., Torboli, M., Bolognesi, G., and Baricordi, O. R. Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells. Blood, 2001, 97, 587-600.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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The Simple English Wikibooks was [[:m:Proposals for closing projects/Closure of Simple English Wikibooks (3)|closed on 2010-01-14]]. This page notes material that was incorporated here. For books written in language appropriate for children, see [[Wikibooks:Wikijunior]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Overview of Simple English Wikibooks material
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Page (Simple)
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| On en:
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|In scope
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| [[:Simple:Abacus|Abacus]] || {{included|[[Using an Abacus|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Abacus/Cover|Abacus/Cover]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Not used}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Abacus/Introduction|Abacus/Introduction]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Abacus/Manual/Columbs|Abacus/Manual/Columbs]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Abacus/Manual/Rows|Abacus/Manual/Rows]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Accordion|Accordion]] || {{included|[[Accordion|Yes]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
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| [[:Simple:Accordion/Body Position|Accordion/Body Position]] || {{included|[[Accordion/Body Position|Yes]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
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| [[:Simple:Accordion/Free Bass|Accordion/Free Bass]] || {{depends|[[Accordion/Free Bass|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
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| [[:Simple:Accordion/Reed Ranks and Switches|Accordion/Reed Ranks and Switches]] || {{depends|[[Accordion/Reed Ranks and Switches|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Exponential Functions/Scientific Notation|Algebra I/Exponential Functions/Scientific Notation]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring Cubic Polynomials|Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring Cubic Polynomials]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring by Grouping|Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring by Grouping]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 + bx + c|Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 + bx + c]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 - bx + c|Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 - bx + c]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 - bx - c and x^2 + bx - c|Algebra I/Factoring/Factoring x^2 - bx - c and x^2 + bx - c]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Factors of Integers|Algebra I/Factoring/Factors of Integers]] || {{included|[[Basic Algebra/Factoring/Factors of Integers|Yes]]}} || {{no|Duplicate}} || {{n/a}}
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| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Multiplying Binomials|Algebra I/Factoring/Multiplying Binomials]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Factoring/Squares of Binomials|Algebra I/Factoring/Squares of Binomials]] || {{included|[[Basic Algebra/Factoring/Squares of Binomials|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Solving Quadratic Equations/Solving Quadratic Equations By Completing The Square|Algebra I/Solving Quadratic Equations/Solving Quadratic Equations By Completing The Square]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Algebra I/Solving Quadratic Equations/The Zero Product Property|Algebra I/Solving Quadratic Equations/The Zero Product Property]] || {{included|[[Basic Algebra/Solving Quadratic Equations/The Zero Product Property|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Cookbook/Pot Roast|Cookbook/Pot Roast]] || {{included|[[Cookbook:Classic Pot Roast|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Copyright/America|Copyright/America]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Copyright/Argentina|Copyright/Argentina]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Copyright/Austria|Copyright/Austria]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Copyright/Brazil|Copyright/Brazil]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Copyright/To print|Copyright/To print]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Critical Thinking/Table of contents|Critical Thinking/Table of contents]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:English|English]] || {{included|[[English in Use|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:English/Introduction|English/Introduction]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:English/Table of contents|English/Table of contents]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:First Aid|First Aid]] || {{included|[[First Aid|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:First Aid/How To Read This Book|First Aid/How To Read This Book]] || {{included|[[First Aid/How To Read This Book|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
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|-
| [[:Simple:Football/Content|Football/Content]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Football/Content/Basics of the Game|Football/Content/Basics of the Game]] || {{included|[[Football (Soccer)/The Basics|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Football/Content/Players|Football/Content/Players]] || {{included|[[Football (Soccer)/The Basics#The Players|Yes]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Football/Content/Teams|Football/Content/Teams]] || {{included|[[Football (Soccer)/The Leagues And Teams|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:French|French]] || {{included|[[A-level French|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:French/Contents|French/Contents]] || {{included|[[A-level French|Yes]]}} || {{yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
|-
| [[:Simple:French/Verbs|French/Verbs]] || {{depends|[[A-level French/Verbs|No]]}} || {{yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:French/Verbs/Present|French/Verbs/Present]] || {{depends|[[A-level French/Verbs/Present|No]]}} || {{yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology|Geology]] || {{included|[[Basic Geology|Yes]]}} || {{yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content|Geology/Content]] || {{included|[[Basic Geology|Yes]]}} || {{yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Asthenosphere|Geology/Content/Asthenosphere]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Asthenosphere|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Crust|Geology/Content/Crust]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Crust|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Inner Core|Geology/Content/Inner Core]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Inner Core|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Introduction|Geology/Content/Introduction]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Introduction|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Lithosphere|Geology/Content/Lithosphere]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Lithosphere|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Mantle|Geology/Content/Mantle]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Mantle|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Mesosphere|Geology/Content/Mesosphere]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Mesosphere|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Oceanic Crust|Geology/Content/Oceanic Crust]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Oceanic Crust|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Geology/Content/Outer Core|Geology/Content/Outer Core]] || {{depends|[[Basic Geology/Outer Core|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:German|German]] || {{included|[[German|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:German/Contents|German/Contents]] || {{included|[[German/Contents|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:German/Mathematics|German/Mathematics]] || {{included|[[German/Appendices/Numbers|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:German/Start|German/Start]] || {{included|[[German/Level I/Introduction|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Google Services And Products|Google Services And Products]] || {{included|[[Google Services And Products|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Google Services And Products/Search|Google Services And Products/Search]] || {{included|[[Google Services And Products/Search|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:How to Start a Diary|How to Start a Diary]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:How to learn a language|How to learn a language]] || {{included|[[How to Learn a Language|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Illegal Drugs|Illegal Drugs]] || {{included|[[Drugs:Fact and Fiction|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Italian Food/Content/Meatballs|Italian Food/Content/Meatballs]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese|Japanese]] || {{included|[[Japanese|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Cover|Japanese/Cover]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Cover|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Hiragana|Japanese/Hiragana]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Kana#Hiragana|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Hirigana|Japanese/Hirigana]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Kana#Hiragana|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Introduction|Japanese/Introduction]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Introduction|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Katakana|Japanese/Katakana]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Kana#Katakana|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Parts of Speech/Articles|Japanese/Parts of Speech/Articles]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Parts of Speech/Conjunctions|Japanese/Parts of Speech/Conjunctions]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Grammar#Other|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Parts of Speech/Nouns/Numbers|Japanese/Parts of Speech/Nouns/Numbers]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Grammar/Nouns|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Parts of Speech/Prepositions|Japanese/Parts of Speech/Prepositions]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Grammar/Pro-forms|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Parts of Speech/Pronouns|Japanese/Parts of Speech/Pronouns]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Lessons/Personal_pronouns|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Pronunciation|Japanese/Pronunciation]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Pronunciation|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Simple sentences|Japanese/Simple sentences]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Grammar#Sentence_examples|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Vocabulary|Japanese/Vocabulary]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Vocabulary|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Word Functions/Direct Objects|Japanese/Word Functions/Direct Objects]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Word Functions/Indirect Objects|Japanese/Word Functions/Indirect Objects]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Japanese/Word Order|Japanese/Word Order]] || {{included|[[Japanese/Grammar#Word_order|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page|Main Page]] || {{included|[[Main Page|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page/Sandbox|Main Page/Sandbox]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page/Sandbox/1|Main Page/Sandbox/1]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page/Sandbox/2|Main Page/Sandbox/2]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page/Sandbox/3|Main Page/Sandbox/3]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Main Page/Sandbox/4|Main Page/Sandbox/4]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Modern History|Modern History]] || {{included|[[Modern History|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:NFL|NFL]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:NFL/Content/Teams|NFL/Content/Teams]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers|Numbers]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content|Numbers/Content]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics|Yes]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{nonfree|Merged}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Read This First!|Numbers/Content/Read This First!]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Using Numbers|Numbers/Content/Using Numbers]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Adding and Subtracting|Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Adding and Subtracting]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Subtracting|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Multiplying and Dividing|Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Multiplying and Dividing]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Multiplying|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Order of Operations|Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Order of Operations]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Order of Operations|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Using Negative Numbers|Numbers/Content/Using Numbers/Using Negative Numbers]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Negative Numbers|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Bases|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Bases]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Decimals|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Decimals]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Decimals|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Fractions|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Fractions]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Fractions|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Normal Numbers|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Normal Numbers]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Numbers|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Questions|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Questions]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Review|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/Review]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/The Number Line|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers/The Number Line]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers?|Numbers/Content/What Are Numbers?]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/Content/What are Numbers/Special Numbers and Infinity|Numbers/Content/What are Numbers/Special Numbers and Infinity]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/New Words|Numbers/New Words]] || {{depends|[[Wikijunior:Introduction to Mathematics/Glossary|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Numbers/What Are Numbers/Comparing Numbers|Numbers/What Are Numbers/Comparing Numbers]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming|PHP and MySQL Programming]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming/Database Connectivity|PHP and MySQL Programming/Database Connectivity]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming/Database Connectivity|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming/File Handling|PHP and MySQL Programming/File Handling]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming/File Handling|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming/Introduction to PHP|PHP and MySQL Programming/Introduction to PHP]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming/Introduction to PHP|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming/Session Handling|PHP and MySQL Programming/Session Handling]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming/Session Handling|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:PHP and MySQL Programming/Syntax Overview|PHP and MySQL Programming/Syntax Overview]] || {{included|[[PHP and MySQL Programming/Syntax Overview|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics|Physics]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy|Physics/Astronomy]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets|Physics/Astronomy/Planets]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Dwarf planets|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Dwarf planets]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Earth|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Earth]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Earth|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Jupiter|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Jupiter]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Jupiter|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Mars|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Mars]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Mars|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Mercury|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Mercury]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Mercury|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Neptune|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Neptune]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Neptune|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Saturn|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Saturn]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Saturn|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Uranus|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Uranus]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Uranus|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Venus|Physics/Astronomy/Planets/Venus]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Venus|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Solar System|Physics/Astronomy/Solar System]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/Solar System|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Stars|Physics/Astronomy/Stars]] || {{included|[[Wikijunior:Solar System/The Sun|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Astronomy/Universe|Physics/Astronomy/Universe]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Content|Physics/Content]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Content/Energy conservation at home|Physics/Content/Energy conservation at home]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Content/What Physics is|Physics/Content/What Physics is]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Einstein|Physics/Einstein]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Einstein/Special Relativity|Physics/Einstein/Special Relativity]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Forms of Energy|Physics/Forms of Energy]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Newton|Physics/Newton]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Newton/First Law|Physics/Newton/First Law]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Newton/Gravity|Physics/Newton/Gravity]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Newton/Second Law|Physics/Newton/Second Law]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Physics/Newton/Third Law|Physics/Newton/Third Law]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Piano|Piano]] || {{included|[[Piano|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Piano/Fingering|Piano/Fingering]] || {{included|[[Piano/Fingering|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Piano/Reading Music|Piano/Reading Music]] || {{included|[[Piano/Reading Music|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Piano/Rests|Piano/Rests]] || {{included|[[Piano/Rests|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Piano/Types of Pianos|Piano/Types of Pianos]] || {{included|[[Piano/Types of Pianos|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Pinyin|Pinyin]] || {{included|[[Pinyin|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Professional wrestling|Professional wrestling]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Regex|Regex]] || {{included|[[Regular Expressions|Yes]]}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union|Rugby union]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/8-man|Rugby union/8-man]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/8-man|No]]}}|| {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Flanker|Rugby union/Flanker]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Flanker|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Hooker|Rugby union/Hooker]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Hooker|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Introduction|Rugby union/Introduction]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Introduction|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Lock|Rugby union/Lock]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Lock|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Positions|Rugby union/Positions]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Positions|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Prop|Rugby union/Prop]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Prop|No]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Rugby union/Scrum Half|Rugby union/Scrum Half]] || {{depends|[[Rugby Union/Scrum Half|Yes]]}} || {{Yes}} || {{free|Imported}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Russian|Russian]] || {{included|[[Russian|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Spaceflight|Spaceflight]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Spaceflight/History/The 1950s|Spaceflight/History/The 1950s]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Spaceflight/Introduction|Spaceflight/Introduction]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Spaceflight/The future|Spaceflight/The future]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Tennis|Tennis]] || {{included|[[Tennis|Yes]]}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Tennis/Content/Players|Tennis/Content/Players]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Empty stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Transport|Transport]] || {{included|[[Fundamentals of Transportation|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Transport/Content|Transport/Content]] || {{included|[[Fundamentals of Transportation|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Transport/Content/Modes|Transport/Content/Modes]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Trees|Trees]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Weather|Weather]] || {{included|[[Overview of Geography/Weather|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Weather/Content|Weather/Content]] || {{included|[[Overview of Geography/Weather|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:Weather/Content/Temperature|Weather/Content/Temperature]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no|Poor stub}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History|World History]] || {{included|[[World History|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/America/Civil War|World History/America/Civil War]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/America/Great Figures|World History/America/Great Figures]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient China|World History/Ancient China]] || {{included|[[World_History/Ancient_Civilizations#Ancient_Chinese_Civilization|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient Egypt|World History/Ancient Egypt]] || {{included|[[World_History/Ancient_Civilizations#Ancient_Egypt|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient Greece|World History/Ancient Greece]] || {{included|[[World History/Ancient Greece and Alexander the Great|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient India|World History/Ancient India]] || {{included|[[World_History/Ancient_Civilizations#Ancient_Indian_Civilization|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient Mesopotamia|World History/Ancient Mesopotamia]] || {{included|[[World_History/Ancient_Civilizations#Ancient_Mesopotamia|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Ancient Rome|World History/Ancient Rome]] || {{included|[[World_History/The_Roman_Empire#Ancient_Rome_and_the_Republic|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Canada|World History/Canada]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/China/The First Emperor of China|World History/China/The First Emperor of China]] || {{included|[[World_History/The_Unification_of_China#Shi_Huangdi_the_.22First_Emperor.22|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Chinese History/Contents|World History/Chinese History/Contents]] ||{{included|[[World History/The First Chinese Dynasties|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Cold War|World History/Cold War]] || {{included|[[World History/The Cold War|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Contents|World History/Contents]] || {{included|[[World History|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/European Union|World History/European Union]] || {{depends|No}} || {{no}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Indus River Valley|World History/Indus River Valley]] || {{included|[[World_History/Civilization_and_Empires_in_the_Indian_Subcontinent#The_Indus_River_Valley_Civilizations_.28ca._2800_-_1800_BC.29|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/Standards|World History/Standards]] || {{included|[[World History/Standards|Yes]]}} || {{no|Redundant}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[:Simple:World History/World War I|World History/World War I]] || {{included|[[World_History/Causes_and_course_of_the_First_World_War|Yes]]}} || {{no|Inferior}} || {{n/a}}
|}
[[Category:Wikibooks|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
      <sha1>ajqzlvd32fkm3g1nknjeynedwhf24ea</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Tommy Kronkvist</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>222668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640751</id>
      <parentid>4640504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T22:40:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tommy Kronkvist</username>
        <id>107268</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>User statistics.</comment>
      <origin>4640751</origin>
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      <text bytes="2093" sha1="8on8e1m8rh6tlw7ar44v5q376wubegi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 0;&quot;&gt;{{userpage}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Userboxtop|toptext=Babel:}}
{{user language|sv|N}}{{user language|en|4}}{{user language|de|2}}{{user language|la|1}}
{{userboxbreak|toptext=WikiProjects:}}
{{User Chess}}
{{Userboxbottom}}
[[File:Sorbus torminalis Trunk and canopy.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
Most of my wiki contributions are made to [[:species:Main Page|Wikispecies]] where I'm an administrator, bureaucrat and interface admin,&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist (verify)]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; as administrator and interface ditto at the Swedish version of [[wikivoyage:sv:Huvudsida|Wikivoyage]]&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://sv.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and to the Swedish Wikimedia Chapter [[WMSE:|Wikimedia Sverige]], where I'm also an admin.&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://se.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Användare&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;

I've made a total of [[:meta:Special:CentralAuth/Tommy_Kronkvist|393,800 edits]] to 153 different Wikimedia sister projects, since August 2008 when I first registered my user account. (Data per June 19, 2026.)

Swedish is my mother tongue&amp;nbsp;– even though I was born in Finland&amp;nbsp;– but I feel fairly comfortable speaking and writing English and some German as well. Odd as it may seem, unfortunately I can't speak any Finnish.

My family name consists of two parts: ''kron'' – a short form of the Swedish word ''krona'' meaning 'crown', as in coronation crown or tree crown – and ''kvist'', meaning 'bough' or 'twig'. Hence the name ''Kronkvist'' refers to a twig in the canopy of a forest. I'm the fourth generation of Kronkvist's. Before that our family name was ''Mattus'', dating back from at least 1637. I've lived all over Sweden (for example in Stockholm and in the Gothenburg area) but nowadays reside in Uppsala, the fourth biggest city and former capital of Sweden.</text>
      <sha1>8on8e1m8rh6tlw7ar44v5q376wubegi</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>4640775</id>
      <parentid>4640751</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T10:37:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tommy Kronkvist</username>
        <id>107268</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>User statistics.</comment>
      <origin>4640775</origin>
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      <text bytes="2093" sha1="8hli5vqc3btb0yrgsqpkaryw3a0vegj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 0;&quot;&gt;{{userpage}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Userboxtop|toptext=Babel:}}
{{user language|sv|N}}{{user language|en|4}}{{user language|de|2}}{{user language|la|1}}
{{userboxbreak|toptext=WikiProjects:}}
{{User Chess}}
{{Userboxbottom}}
[[File:Sorbus torminalis Trunk and canopy.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
Most of my wiki contributions are made to [[:species:Main Page|Wikispecies]] where I'm an administrator, bureaucrat and interface admin,&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist (verify)]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; as administrator and interface ditto at the Swedish version of [[wikivoyage:sv:Huvudsida|Wikivoyage]]&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://sv.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and to the Swedish Wikimedia Chapter [[WMSE:|Wikimedia Sverige]], where I'm also an admin.&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://se.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Användare&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;

I've made a total of [[:meta:Special:CentralAuth/Tommy_Kronkvist|394,700 edits]] to 153 different Wikimedia sister projects, since August 2008 when I first registered my user account. (Data per June 20, 2026.)

Swedish is my mother tongue&amp;nbsp;– even though I was born in Finland&amp;nbsp;– but I feel fairly comfortable speaking and writing English and some German as well. Odd as it may seem, unfortunately I can't speak any Finnish.

My family name consists of two parts: ''kron'' – a short form of the Swedish word ''krona'' meaning 'crown', as in coronation crown or tree crown – and ''kvist'', meaning 'bough' or 'twig'. Hence the name ''Kronkvist'' refers to a twig in the canopy of a forest. I'm the fourth generation of Kronkvist's. Before that our family name was ''Mattus'', dating back from at least 1637. I've lived all over Sweden (for example in Stockholm and in the Gothenburg area) but nowadays reside in Uppsala, the fourth biggest city and former capital of Sweden.</text>
      <sha1>8hli5vqc3btb0yrgsqpkaryw3a0vegj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/User/Applications</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>237399</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640696</id>
      <parentid>4640695</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T12:11:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640696</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="234223" sha1="l8w0spnpo8nr0l22t5u19supi5py95l" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>l8w0spnpo8nr0l22t5u19supi5py95l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640767</id>
      <parentid>4640696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T07:14:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
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      <text bytes="234285" sha1="6ud9r0o821vcajj8dt609r0pz0c0or1" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

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===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

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===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

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      <sha1>6ud9r0o821vcajj8dt609r0pz0c0or1</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/The Evolution of Membranes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>241834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640719</id>
      <parentid>4302982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T15:41:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ideas About The Earliest Membranes */</comment>
      <origin>4640719</origin>
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      <text bytes="11039" sha1="oyd3tjc2jwfd0cfyehve2xcsggqqoiq" xml:space="preserve">Cellular membranes are highly complex biological machines, responsible for regulating the import and export of metabolites and polymers.  

[[File:Lipid bilayer section.gif]][[File:A thaliana metabolic network.png|thumb|300px|right|[[Metabolic network]] of the ''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]'' [[citric acid cycle]]. [[Enzyme]]s and [[metabolite]]s are shown as red squares and the interactions between them as black lines.]]

==The Interdependency of Lipid Membranes and Membrane Proteins==
The cell membrane contains various types of proteins, including ion channel proteins, proton pumps, G proteins, and enzymes. These membrane proteins function cooperatively to allow ions to penetrate the lipid bilayer. The interdependency of lipid membranes and membrane proteins suggests that lipid bilayers and membrane proteins co-evolved together with membrane bioenergetics.


===Ideas About The Earliest Membranes===
Several hypotheses of the origin of cellular membranes exist:

* Evolution subsequently took place in vesicles, which were formed by the accumulation of abiogenically formed amphiphilic molecules. The vesicles then transformed into envelopes, likely reminiscent of viral envelopes.
*Proto-cells evolved from the folding of vesicles, upon which the first life forms existed.

[[Image:Varicella_(Chickenpox)_Virus_PHIL_1878_lores.jpg|thumb|right| A viral envelope.]]

===From Water-Soluble Proteins to Integral Membrane Proteins===
Water-soluble proteins evolved gradually into highly hydrophobic membrane proteins. Primordial membranes initially contained pores, which enabled ions, small molecules, and polymers to be exchanged passively between protocells and their environment. In contrast, modern membrane proteins must be inserted into the membrane by membrane protein complexes. Membrane protein complexes could not have logically existed prior to the existence of membrane proteins. Although a single α-helix is thermodynamically unfavorable, one model explains how increasingly complex membrane proteins were derived from a stand-alone hydrophobic α-helix. Molecular dynamics was used to show that an α-helix spontaneously dimerizes on the membrane surface upon entrance, and then oligomerizes within the membrane. 


[[Image:alpha helix neg60 neg45 topview.png|thumb|left|200px|Top view of the α-helix. Four [[carbonyl]] groups are pointing upwards towards the viewer, spaced roughly 100° apart on the circle, corresponding to 3.6 [[amino acid|amino-acid]] residues per turn of the helix.]]

===The Co-Evolution of Lipid Bilayers, Membrane Bioenergetics, and Membrane Proteins===
In order to maintain proper bioenergetics, cells meticulously regulate the flow of matter and therefore energy through the cellular membrane. There is an inverse relationship between membrane permeability and the number of enzymatic pathways present in a cell. 

[[Image:Phylogenetic_tree.svg|thumb|right|200px|The Domains of Life.]]
====LUCA and Early Membranes====
The first major split between the domains of life is between archaea and bacteria. Yet, there are essential genes that are still common between the two domains that lead to the concept of the LUCA, or last universal common ancestor. Based on the standard model of evolution, the LUCA was based on DNA and led to the three domains of life and existed approximately 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago. Archaea and bacteria, however, differ greatly in their biogenesis pathways as well as in the hydrophobic chains contained in the membrane structure. The fact that both archaea and bacteria contain membrane-embedded molecular machines such as ATP synthases strongly indicates that the LUCA contained some derivative of membranes, though perhaps not as complex and structured.

It is seemingly impossible to have the formation of impermeable membranes without membrane proteins and translocases to shuttle essential materials in and out of the cell. Consequently, it is also unlikely that very specialized membrane proteins were able to form without a membrane initially present. It is hypothesized that the development of a permeable, porous membrane eventually integrated evolving proteins, to later evolve into a highly specialized and efficient impermeable membrane.

====ATPases as Basis of Membrane/Membrane-Protein Co-evolution====

F-type ATPases are found in eukaryotic and bacteria mitochondria and chloroplasts, while A-type ATPases around found in archaea (and some bacteria). V-type ATPases are found in eukaryotic cells, particularly in vacuole membranes.

[[Image:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg|thumb|left|[[NaKATPase|Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;ATPase]] ]]

=====From ‘Pore’ to ATPase=====
F- and A/V-  type ATPases are membrane-embedded proteins and were feasibly present in the LUCA (last universal common ancestor) due to their omnipresence in modern cellular life. These ATPases function as efficient ATP synthases through the completion of a reaction cycle with a physical rotation of a ‘rotor.’ However a proton gradient is required for this function, and therefore an ion-imperable membrane is necessary.

In prokaryotes, sodium ions as well as proton translocations are found in both F- and V- type ATPases. However the ‘rotor’ base, or c-oligomer, in sodium ion translocating F- and V- type ATPases are found to contain almost identical sets of amino acids which serve as sodium ion binding sites. This shows that the last ancestor containing ATPases also contained a sodium ion binding site.

The c-oligomers in the F- and V- ATPases are homologous in their sub-units of composition, which are all unrelated. However, the ‘rotors’ or stalks of the ATPases are not. Based on this information, it is proposed that the F- and V- ATPases evolved from a protein translocase that is ATP dependent, which initially served as the ‘rotor’ or stalk. Membrane components of these ATPases function as membrane ion translocases. They do not function as channels, as the ion binding sites are not accessible from both sides of the membrane at the same time. The c-oligomers that form the base of the rotating stalk/rotor are ~2-3 nm in internal diameter, large enough to allow for transport of materials in and out of a cell membrane. Combining this diameter, along with the ion transport function and potential acquisition of an ATP dependent protein to form the stalk, lend strongly to the idea that ATPases could have once functioned as pores in the membrane.

=====Birth of Bioenergetics: Beginning of ATP Synthesis and Sodium Tight Membranes=====
ATPases potentially evolved from a sodium binding pore/protein combination.  During the transition phase from porous to ion-tight membranes, there still could have been a demand for sodium binding. 

Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of proteins and polynucleotides, which are negatively charged. Such components could have potentially led to the beginning of a transmembrane electric potential. The Donnan effect shows that this can equate to an electric potential of up to 50mV. Additionally, because of this negative potential inside the semi-porous cell, positive portions of outside proteins tend to insert themselves positive end-first into the cell membranes. 

In the Archean era, sodium ion concentration was already 1M in the ocean compared to approximately .01M inside the cell. With the combination of increased ocean salinity (and subsequent sodium ion gradient) and the transmembrane potential, there was enough drive present to turn the ATP dependent rotor/stalk proteins from hydrolyzing ATP into synthesizing ATP. Proposed here is the first membrane bioenergetics: the coupling of outward sodium ion pumps with ATP synthases and dependence on a sodium ion gradient. 
[[File:WOA05 sea-surf SAL AYool.png|thumb|right|Annual mean sea surface '''salinity''' for the World Ocean. Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2005.]]

====Sodium-Based Bioenergetics====
As the salinity of the ocean continues to increase, evolving cells must constantly remain in ionic-homeostasis. Therefore, sodium-tight membranes are required to prevent solute from entering or exiting the modern cell freely. Additionally, the evolution of membrane pumps was integral for the active expunction of excess Na+ out of the cell.
====Proton-Based Bioenergetics====
The cellular regulation of proton movement through lipid bilayers requires a significantly more advanced control mechanism than the regulation of sodium, and thus requires more advanced cellular machinery. The necessity of more stringent regulation arises from the chemical fact that proton transfer can be coupled to oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Furthermore, lipid bilayers are more conductive to protons than to sodium ions, and protons can integrate into hydrocarbon chains by dissolving in trapped water molecules.

The transition to proton-tight membranes is particularly more complicated because of the fact that lipid bilayers are much more conductive to protons than to sodium ions. Protons can easily enter into bunches of water molecules that are nestled in between chains of lipid hydrocarbons, while sodium ions cannot. The rate-limiting step of trans-membrane conduction of protons is the jumping from one bunch of water molecules to the next. This method of proton transfer can be stopped in two ways: increasing the density of the hydrocarbons, (limiting the bunches of water molecules), or by lowering the mobility of the lipids. 

[[File:Scheme facilitated diffusion in cell membrane-en.svg]]

=====Different organisms have various solutions to the problem of passive proton transfer through the cell membrane:=====

* Archea form single C40 membrane-spanning lipid molecules by the fusing of two diether lipids. 
* Bacteria incorporate additional steric hindrance by attaching bulky compounds such as cyclohexane and cycloheptane to the terminus of membrane fatty acids.  

[[Image:Triterbutilamin.JPG|center|thumb|The steric effect makes reactions difficult.]]

===The Hypothesized Co-Evolutionary Scheme of Membranes, Membrane Proteins, and Bioenergetics===
Primordial cellular membranes were undoubtedly non-existent in pre-cellular life forms. The earliest cellular life forms contained leaky and inefficient cellular membranes, amphiphilic membrane proteins, and characteristically simple bioenergetics. In contrast, modern cells are carefully regulated by proton-tight membranes, highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, and complex bioenergetics.             
    
== References ==
# Mulkidjanian A, et al. Co-evolution of primordial membranes and membrane proteins. Trends Biochem Sci. 2009 Apr;34(4):206-15. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
# {{cite journal | author = Eisenberg D | title = The discovery of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, the principal structural features of proteins | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 100 | issue = 20 | pages = 11207–10 | year = 2003 | month = September | pmid = 12966187 | pmc = 208735 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2034522100 | url = | issn = }}

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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cold-Adapted enzymes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>260201</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640716</id>
      <parentid>3046094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T15:38:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="14041" sha1="pweqmlbeklgwpgs0a72yw9k8wykch23" xml:space="preserve">Organisms that live in perpetually cold environments have enzymes that function very effectively in the cold. Some examples of this include fish, which have also evolved to develop antifreeze proteins as a way of adapting, and some prokaryotes that have to live in cold places. Recent discoveries have uncovered that further investigation of these enzymes could actually have biotechnological applications. The most commonly referred to cold-adapted enzyme is the alpha amylase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (AHA), a type of prokaryote. 
The ability of organisms to thrive in cold environments comes from their capacity to synthesize cold-adapted enzymes. Organisms that thrive in cold environments are called psychrophiles. These enzymes have developed a range of structural features that allows for high flexibility particularly around the active site, low-activation enthalpy, low-substrate affinity, and high specific activity at low temperatures. The study of the structure, function, and stability of cold-adapted enzymes is rudimentary in the research into protein folding and catalysis, a still developing field.

== Thermal adaptation ==
Different organisms have evolved in different ways, causing them to adapt to different thermal environments that suits them. Thermal adaptation in extremes is particularly hard to adapt to and has a limited range that an individual organism can tolerate. Psychrophilic microorganisms, those that have adapted to the cold, are said to be able to metabolize in snow and ice at −20°C. Some psychrophilic can even proliferate at ≤0°C but are restricted to temperatures  &lt;30°C (2–5). 

Since there are so many microorganisms found in the world's oceans, cold alpine regions, caves, upper atmosphere, and polar regions, a large proportion of biomass, or living organisms in a certain region, on Earth is generated at these cold temperatures in their specific areas. Organisms from the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya, are also from these cold environments. Most cold-adapted enzymes are found to have come from prokaryotes.  In order to survive, all these organisms have to be at thermal equilibrium with their surrounding environment. This comes from all the components of their cells being appropriately adapted to the cold. In order to adapt to the cold, potential mechanistic diversity  and cell-specific adaptation strategies have been adopted. A general pattern that has emerged from research of these organisms is that organisms that live in permanently cold environments usually develop enzymes that help them function capably in the cold

[[File:3_domains_of_life.png]]

An example of a cold-adapted enzyme which will be further studied and explained is the α-amylase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (AHA). This enzyme is the most extensively studied cold-adapted enzyme

== Activity of Cold-Adapted Enzymes ==
Arrhenius equation below describes the rate of all reactions including enzymatic reactions. 

''k&lt;sub&gt;cat&lt;/sub&gt;'' = AKe&lt;sup&gt;-E&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;/&lt;sup&gt;RT&lt;/sup&gt;

''k&lt;sub&gt;cat&lt;/sub&gt;'' = enzyme reaction rate (increases with an increase in absolute temperature (T), decreases in activation energy (Ea)

A = preexponential factor

K = dynamic transmission coefficient (generally assumed to be 1)

R = universal gas constant (8.314 J mol−1 K−1)

According to this equation,  due to low temperatures from 0°–4°C, an inadequate amount of  kinetic energy is available for the system to overcome barriers. Some  strategies that help compensate the slow metabolic rates include: an energetically expensive strategy of increasing enzyme concentration, seasonal expression of isoenzymes in fish and nematodes, and the evolution of enzymes in which reaction rates tend to become more  temperature independent and instead approach diffusion control. Cold-adapted enzymes tend to shift their optimum temperature of activity to a lower temperature with a concurrent decrease in stability. These enzymes show a high-reaction rate when they decrease their activation free-energy barrier between the ground state and transition states according to the equation below:

ΔG#=ΔH# -TΔS#
 
ΔG#  = activation free-energy barrier

ΔH# = is the change in activation enthalpy

ΔS# = is the change in activation entropy

T = is the absolute temperature

== Stability of Cold-Adapted Enzymes ==

	The structure of cold-adapted enzymes are highly flexible which allows them to unfold at low to moderate temperatures. Researches have tried many methods to study the unfolding and folding transitions in order to determine the way they unfold and measure the kinetic and conformational stabilities of enzymes. Such methods include spectrophotometric, calorimetric, and electrophoretic methods. Experiments have been conducted using these techniques on multidomain proteins like chitobiase. Proteins have a tendency to unfold and such processes are irreversible. When large multidomain proteins unfold due to heat, these proteins tend to be kinetically driven to finish the unfolding process. 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:PDB 1c7t EBI.jpg|Structure of Chitobiase
&lt;/gallery&gt;

The only example of a cold-adapted enzyme that has reversible unfolding is AHA. At temperatures of 20°C or above, AHA has reversible unfolding that is shown by 100% recovery of ΔH cal., the total amount of heat absorbed during unfolding, during a second scan after the initial thermal denaturation. Small-molecular weight enzymes unfold with the process of cooperative unfolding. Cooperative unfolding happens because of its tightly packed bulk which causes a small number of interactions between other structural elements, helping it conserve its natural state. If the limited number of interactions in cooperative unfolding were to be disturbed, a two-state unfolding may occur due to increased interactions. 

	In the enzyme pancreatic porcine α-amylase (PPA) and more stable mutants of AHA, the two-state unfolding process does not occur. Instead, other types of folding  could come from increased ionic interactions, causing the frequency of intramolecular discrepancies to occur during folding. AHA mutants show this concept of discrepancies or divergence, causing the rate of thermal inactivation to be directly comparable to the extent of reversibility. 

	In the enzyme TUG-GE, at the temperatures 3°C and 12°C, AHA unfolds reversibly and shows two transitions. The transition that unfolds at a lower urea concentration belongs to the active-site region. The active site is formed by cooperative unfolding of structures, showing independent unfolding of other more stable regions, or the domains, of the protein.. The substrate-binding region of the cold-adapted enzyme is found to be the most flexible region when the unfolding starts due to its high Km. The research on AHA shows that instability of active-site region is key to heat-labile enzymes, and is an important concept in examining a broader range of cold-adapted enzymes

=== Kinetic Stability ===

The process of enzyme inactivation or denaturation is shown with kinetic stability. Most cold-adapted enzymes have a half-life of less than 20 minutes at the temperature of 50°C, some enzymes even denature at lower temperatures. In order to predict kinetic stability, it is essential to consider the magnitude of the free-energy change between the folded, or active, state and the transition state shown below by:

F  K¦↔ 〖TS〗^#  k¦→ D 

F = folded enzyme

K = equilibrium constant

K= first-order rate constant

D = denatured state

Cold-adapted enzymes increase the rate of thermal unfolding with a decreased ΔG# shown by the equation:

ΔG#= =RT ln K
 
Reduced thermostability of cold-adapted enzymes could be due to low ΔH# of the folded form. A certain number of monovalent interactions need to be broken to reach transition state (TS#) and a reduction in this number causes the low number of the folded form. An example of an enzyme that has low thermostability, a direct result from increased disorder of the transition state, is the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. During unfolding, a key note to the decreased entropy of thermostable enzymes could have come about from the hydration of nonpolar groups. This is caused by water forming ordered structures around hydrophobic side chains thus decreasing the entropy o the system. It is vital to determine activation parameters of denaturation in order to discover a larger range of cold-adapted enzymes and their thermostable homologs.

== Flexibility and Structural adaptation ==

X-ray structures of cold-adapted enzymes have been discovered to show the structural basis of cold adaptation by comparing these x-ray structures with homology models of proteins from mesophiles and thermophiles. An important factor to the activity and stability of a enzyme is its physiological environment. Studies have also shown that mainly marine organisms have been used to study cold-adapted enzymes. The X-ray structure of enzyme citrate synthase has been determined and compared to other enzymes of Bacteria, Eucarya, and Achaea. Due to the absence of crystal structure information, studies generally choose closely related organisms. By maximizing thermal differences and minimizing phylogenetic differences in comparative data sets, the lack of x-ray structures for enzymes can be countered. 

=== Hydrophobic Interactions ===
Hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic residues and solvent water molecules play a key role in contributing to the structural flexibility and thermostability of cold-adapted proteins. 

=== Core hydrophobicity ===
Cold-adapted enzymes have amino acids that tend to be smaller and less hydrophobic than in homologs from mesophiles and thermophiles. Since Van der Waals interactions are weak, have short range, and distance sensitive, the distance between hydrophobic groups inside a protein will determine the enthalpic contributions to stabilization. Reduced van der Waals interactions and increased movement of internal groups will therefore destabilize cold-adapted enzymes. An example of a group inside a protein is Ille. Ille can pack efficiently inside the core and stabilize a protein due to tis branching and size. In the cold-adapted trypsins, citrate synthase, and AHA, fewer Ille residues can pack inside the core. 

Hydrophobic interactions are strongest at room temperature due to the solubilities of hydrophobic side chains in water having it be at the minimal temperature 20°C. Through a study with 31 proteins that unfold reversibly, it was found that about 75 % had maximum stability around room temperature. This shows that hydrophobic interactions in the core of a protein play a key role in enhancing protein stability at low to moderate temperatures.

=== Surface hydrophobicity ===
A higher proportion of hydrophobic, or nonpolar, residues occur on the surfaces of cold-adapted enzymes shown by studies with x-ray structures of many enzymes. Using large-scale modeling and structural studies, similar conclusions were found that demonstrated that the mean fraction of the solvent-accessible surface, or buried surface, of the enzyme has a higher hydrophobicity in cold-adapted proteins. In the X-ray structure of the example with Ille, it revealed that Ille clusters at the subunit interface are absent in the cold-adapted enzyme while tightly packed hydrophobic clusters are present in the homolog from a hyperthermophile. 

Studies have shown that hydrophobic surface residues will destabilize a protein structure due to the decreased entropy of water molecules because these water molecules form cage-like structures around nonpolar residues. It was found that at lower temperatures, the entropy gain is actually reduced due to the decreased mobility of released water molecules showing that cold-adapted enzymes may gain flexibility from and have a greater capacity to tolerate increased surface hydrophobicity. 

=== Surface Hydrophilicity ===
Certain cold-adapted enzymes like trypsins and β-lactamase (55) have had an increase in surface charge, mainly negative charge. For some enzymes, the negative charge is rather high but with some positive charge located near the active site. Due to high viscosity and high surface tension of water, at low temperatures, the energetic cost of disrupting H-bond networks is high. This energetic cost may be counter by surface-charged or polar amino acids that interact with water molecules with a high dielectric constant. This would then enable proper solvation and help maintain the flexibility of the enzymes. With better solvent interaction and positive charge, flexibility may be improve at low temperatures. 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:PDB_1os8_EBI.jpg‎|Structure of Trypsin&lt;/gallery&gt;

Localization of acidic residues in surface patches have the possibility of producing charge-charge repulsions that cause the overall destabilization  of protein structure. Sometimes the case arises where charge repulsion of acidic residues may create a high level of flexibility in the linker region, This is a major structural feature of cold adaptation in certain enzymes. Other studies have shown that cold adaptation involves a decrease in the mean fraction of solvent-accessible and buried surface that is charged. This involves other proteins from not only the Achaea family, but also Bacteria family causing and increase in surface Hydrophilicity in proteins. With increased surface charge in thermostable proteins, researchers have been able to link this to an ability to form networks of sat bridges. This directly contrasts the interaction with water molecules in cold-adapted enzymes. A direct correlation has been found that as ionic interactions become stronger with decreased temperature, a minimization of their number that allows cold-adapted proteins to retain flexibility at low temperatures occurs.

== Reference ==
Siddiqui KS, Cavicchioli R. Cold-Adapted Enzymes. Annual Review of Biochemistry. Vol 75:403-33.Volume publication date July 2006.
{{BookCat}}</text>
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==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - sata2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>m898xpspwtzc10m8j9emoubvyczld1a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640736</id>
      <parentid>4640735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:31:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118258" sha1="d6d056w50bqvx7n4u53axiu3r5qly09" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - sata2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>d6d056w50bqvx7n4u53axiu3r5qly09</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640737</id>
      <parentid>4640736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:35:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640737</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118659" sha1="6oasqbnfrweyfh7exyxxkco2v9x57r4" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - sata2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>6oasqbnfrweyfh7exyxxkco2v9x57r4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640738</id>
      <parentid>4640737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640738</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118678" sha1="90lee4m6ugcl8j73ud3t0b7hrg11arw" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - sata2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>90lee4m6ugcl8j73ud3t0b7hrg11arw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640739</id>
      <parentid>4640738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:40:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640739</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118704" sha1="4nib5lqmjxtcfq9r1i8u0ur84p2ktdc" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - sata2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>4nib5lqmjxtcfq9r1i8u0ur84p2ktdc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640740</id>
      <parentid>4640739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:45:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640740</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118925" sha1="8lc20rpiw8kdjl908uz0x464upr1oyj" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn  Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
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| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
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{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>8lc20rpiw8kdjl908uz0x464upr1oyj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640741</id>
      <parentid>4640740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640741</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118971" sha1="8oshlm64i1u9g3skth98il24leacbhs" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>8oshlm64i1u9g3skth98il24leacbhs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640742</id>
      <parentid>4640741</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:49:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118990" sha1="5ley2kait5gsel4p9s7svf8rm7pckaq" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SBAT-128G-1122, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>5ley2kait5gsel4p9s7svf8rm7pckaq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640743</id>
      <parentid>4640742</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:55:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640743</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119142" sha1="lpl3u8tdkwdcsjrfv0mzyvtvzv9r61v" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X110 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SB1M-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 marvell  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SBAT-128G-1122, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
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{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>lpl3u8tdkwdcsjrfv0mzyvtvzv9r61v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640744</id>
      <parentid>4640743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T19:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119249" sha1="e9rzc6cp81aqo2g18b0zrduj6v77csd" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDH3-500G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X110 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SB1M-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 marvell  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SBAT-128G-1122, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>e9rzc6cp81aqo2g18b0zrduj6v77csd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640745</id>
      <parentid>4640744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T19:08:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4640745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119383" sha1="t81pa435y1hkf5verurxngkyn2her00" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X110 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SB1M-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 marvell  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SBAT-128G-1122, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDH3-500G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019  controller with slc cache  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>t81pa435y1hkf5verurxngkyn2her00</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Phagoptosis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>280184</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640786</id>
      <parentid>4343222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4640786</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38210" sha1="bgeohhpwrhvwkzwflf7rgbwud9cjvkm" xml:space="preserve">==Definition==
Phagoptosis is a term proposed by Guy. C. Brown and Jonas J. Neher to describe death of working cells by phagocytosis (the engulfing of a cell by a macrophage). The word is derived from two words in ancient Greek: 'phagein' which means to devour and 'ptosis' which means to fall or die.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt; Thus the term, phagoptosis means death by being swallowed. Phagoptosis is also known as &quot;primary phagocytosis&quot;. 

Simply stated, phagoptosis is caused by the exposure of “eat me” signals or the loss of “don’t eat me” signals on the cell surface. The exposure and loss of these signals is reversible, thus cell death can be prevented by preventing phagocytosis. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;.

==Background==

Phagoptosis is a nascent term, combining the ideas of phagocytosis and cellular apoptosis (autonomous cell death). While not yet a confirmed phenomenon in macroorganisms, phagoptosis has been proposed as an explanation for various homeostatic and pathological processes in the body that induce the engulfing of healthy or unhealthy cells by a macrophage. Phagoptosis has been proposed, therefore, to be both a contributor to cellular degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, whereby healthy neurons are destroyed, and a natural aging tool used by the body to rid itself of unhealthy cells, such as the consumption of old erythrocytes.

Since the 1880s, the work of Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov has led us to believe that phagocytosis, a form of cell destruction, was beneficial because only dead or dying cells were targeted. However, modern-day scientists have found that sometimes healthy, viable host cells can also be marked for cell death; this process is called phagoptosis (or primary phagocytosis).
&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;.

===Types of Cell Death===
1. Autophage: mediated by autophagic in which the cell is eating itself to cause its own death.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
2. Apoptosis: mediated by caspases and it is a program of cell death (PCD).&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;. &lt;br /&gt; 
3. Necrosis: cell injuries causes cell death within high stress level of cell structures. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
4. Cornification: cell death due to conversion of proteins  &lt;br /&gt;
5. Shedding:cell death caused by replacement in cell structures. &lt;br /&gt;
6. Phagoptosis: cell death caused by phagocytosis with macrophages. &lt;br/&gt;

'''&lt;u&gt;Apoptosis&lt;/u&gt;''' &lt;br /&gt; 
Apoptosis is sometime referred to as “programmed cell death.” It is when the cell relatively speaking commits suicide. It generally occurs in response to certain signals in the body It is better than necrosis because it follows a structured routine and is not random like necrosis. When a cell undergoes apoptosis, the protein caspases will be calld upon to break down the any cellular components necessary for survival. The enzyme DNases is also released to destroy any DNA in the nucleus of the cell, thus eliminating any existence of that cell in that area. Aside from the production of caspases and DNases, cells that goes through apoptosis will release a signal to macrophages telling them to clean up any remaining debris. The macrophages clean everything up giving no opportunity to the dead cell to damage nearby cells. &lt;br /&gt; 

Apoptosis is actually important to human development as it gives human the fingers and toes feature that human possesses. Originally the 10 fingers are all connected to a web-like feature, but apoptosis is what causes that web to be broken down and destroyed, leaving human with 10 fingers and toes instead of four web like hands and feet. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;.


'''&lt;u&gt;Necrosis&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br /&gt; 
Necrosis is when cells and tissues die randomly, meaning it is not programmed. It is caused by inflammation, injury, cancer, toxins, etc that may harm the body. The problem with necrosis is that when cells die they do not send signals to nearby phagocytes that order them to clean up the dead cell. Therefore it is harder for the body’s immune system to react and clean up the dead cell if it goes through necrosis, causing build up of dead tissue or cell debris a that location. Cells that goes through necrosis may also release harmful chemicals that may hurt or kill nearby cells. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''&lt;u&gt;Phagoptosis&lt;/u&gt;'''

Phagoptosis is a form of cell death when phagocytes is the primary cause of cell death, which is provoked by cells displaying “eat-me-signals” instead of “don’t eat me signals.” Initially the cell produces “find me signals,” that triggers chemotaxis of phagocytes. Upon arrival the cell will either produce “eat me signals” or “don’t eat me signals” and the will ultimately determine if the cell will live or die. The most abundant form of eat me signal is the phospholipid PS found on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of the cell. The eat me signal comes out of the cell as a result of calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase that causes the phospoholipid to shuffle the inner leaflet from the outer leaflet, exposing the eat-me-signal. There are different ways PS can be exposed onto the cell such as, calcium elevation, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, fusion of intracellular vesicles with plasma membrae, necrosis, and apoptosis. All of these can cause a cell to release PS signals and hence result in their removal by phagocytes. &lt;br /&gt;
A way a cell can protect itself from phagocytes is producing “don’t-eat-me-signals”. A type of “don’t-eat-me-signals” that a cell displays is CD47, CD200, etc. CD47 is the most abundant “don’t-eat-me-signal” expressed by a cell. Though if the “don’t-eat-me-signal” is disrupted then phagoptosis may occur. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;.

=== Problems due to Cell Death===
Even though Phagoptosis support cell to shape development in cell structures, removes excess and defective cells, and protect cells from pathogens and other cancerous cells, over-excess process of Phagoptosis can cause diseases that might harm the cell replication, production and its natural cycle. Due to the malfunction and irregularity of cell death can lead to lack of important cells in our bodies. For example, excess PS exposure in brain cell structure can terminate not only old and phagocytic neurons but also important neurons that supports our brain cells. Neurons cells are phagocytised by Microglia (Microphage in brain cells) which is caused due to Inflammation Activation. Microglia can eat apoptic neurons to reduce debris or inflammation to help cell circulation and stay in good shape for brain cells&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;.; However, it also can destroy viable neurons and neuronal processes which disintegrate the healthy process of cell, neurons in brain; thus, affecting other healthy brain cells and causing cerebral diseases or disorders like Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD). Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) is heterozygous, inactivating mutation in the progranulin gene due to lack of neurons in brain cells. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;. It is caused when there is lack of neurons in brain cell due to excess activities of Phagocytosis by Microglia. Many neurons were phagocytised, so it caused inactivating mutation that malfunction the role of progranulin genes in DNA. This FTA disorder is also contributed to causes of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;.

===Cell Stress===
Cell Stress causes several difference responses including phagoptosis, but the response depends on the amount of cell stress present. The different responses include: adaptation, phagoptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. These lowest stress level would cause adaptation and as the stress level rises the other responses follow accordingly.
[[File:Cell Stress|thumbnail|The cell has several different responses to cell stress. Different levels of stress cause different responses.]]

Numerous conditions may cause cell stress. Temperature shifts such as heat shock could cause proteins in the cell to denature. Heavy metals can change the conformation of the protein and therefore the function. Free radicals can cause proteins to be fragmented. Fragmentation of proteins render them ineffective. Solvents such as ethanol can cause translation errors. Cell stress response can be the upregulation of some genes and the downregulation of others. In essence, response to cell stress can either cause some proteins to be produced more and others to be produced less depending on the situation. Regulation of cell stress is different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes mainly due to codon differences. &lt;ref name=&quot;cell stress response&quot;&gt;[http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcb/2010/214074/ cell stress response], November 20, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Reflist}}

==Cell-In-Cell Phenomena: Entosis and Cannibalism==
Cell-In-Cell phenomena is most likely seen in tumor cells, especially those are very strong and metastatic. Tumor cells can engulf immune cells which eventually kills tumor cells; On the other hand, tumor cells can also engulf other tumor cells for survival or protection from other harms. Some tumor cell can go through cannibalism process (Cell-In-Cell Phenomena) to protect themselves from immune cells; and Entosis process can happen to both tumor and normal cells. 


===Entosis===
Entosis is caused when tumor cell invade each other; it is caused when detached from Extracelluar Matrix. This Entosis process can cause either survival of the cells or death of invading cells by Lysosome Digestion. Entosis mostly happen in animal cells because animal cells are mostly attached to extracellular matrix for their survival. When some cells are detached from ECM (Extracellular Matrix), they lose the adhesion and cells start to push into their neighboring cells; thus, sometimes, Entosis is considered as interaction between two neighboring cells. Interestingly, cells which are locked due to the result of Entosis are alive and they can divide themselves inside another cells.  Entosis is also referred to &quot;cell-in-cell structures&quot; which indicates the loss of attachment from extracellular matrix. In other word, It is process by which tumor cells invade each other when detached from matrix and it is relatively common in malignant cancers. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;.


===Cannibalism===
Cannibalism is caused when cells eating up each other for survival and protection due to damages or infection. For example, Wang ''et al'' found out some tumor cell can go proceed apoptic cell death. From the bodies of patients who have Huntington's disease, immortalised lymphoblasts phagocyotes are eating up each other to survive in tough condition or to replenish and protect themselves. However, whether restriction of phagocytosis will be able to avoid cell death in cell-in-cell phenomena is still questioned. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;Brown GC, Neher JJ, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682109 “Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: 'phagoptosis'”], ‘[PubMed]’, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012. &lt;/ref&gt;.

==Types of Signaling and Known Pathways==

What can cause a macrophage to consume a cell? Many intercellular interactions occur via chemical signaling; the cell displays certain compounds outside of the plasma membrane, to which other cells respond thanks to receptors on the exteriors of their plasma membranes. While some of these compounds invoke phagoptosis, others repulse it and it is the net amount of these &quot;eat me&quot; versus &quot;don't eat me&quot; signals that determine the final fate of the cell. Three main compounds have been proposed to signal macrophages to engulf a cell, each with its own signaling pathway that causes the compound to be expressed or suppressed on the plasma membrane.


===Attractive Signals===


1. PS (phosphidatylserine)—normally suppressed by an ATP-operated inhibitor called aminophospholipid translocase, which actively pumps PS to the inner membrane of the cell, PS has been shown to, under certain circumstances, lead to phagocytosis of so-called “activated” T cells. PS binds to the receptor Tim-4 on phagocytes, which signals the phagocyte to engulf the cell. If there is no ATP to run the translocase or if there is an overabundance of free calcium in the cytoplasm, the translocase stops running, and another membrane protein called scramblase randomizes the exposure of PS in the cell membrane, potentially exposing it to free phagocytes for endocytosis. This process can happen even in healthy cells.PS exposure can also occur due to oxidative stress which activates the scramblase and prevents translocase. Another result of PS exposure is when the intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane.

In summary, there are 5 ways that the PS “eat me” signal can be exposed: elevation in calcium levels, lack of ATP, oxidative stress (which activates scramblase and stops translocase), fusion of intracellular vesicles with plasma membrane, necrosis, or apoptosis. Another requirement for phagocytosis to be carried out is the presence of macrophages that are capable of attaching to PS. 

In order for macrophages to recognize PS, different receptors must be activated. Resting macrophages express the following PS receptors: Tim4, stabilin-1, stabilin-2, and BAI1. On the other hand, macrophages that are activated express the protein MFG-E8 and its receptor, vitronectin, in addition to the MerTK receptor. 

Furthermore, it is important to note that PS exposure does not always equate to cell death; the cell type and surrounding conditions also plays a role. For example, when purified PS is added to 3 different cell lines, the viable cells show an elevation of PS on their surfaces. This stimulated phagocytosis as expected, but as soon as the PS was “internalised”, phagocytosis was inhibited. In other cases such as that of lymphoma cells, PS exposure is not enough to even initiate phagocytosis because either the cells also expressed “don’t eat me” signals or they required another signal to co-stimulate phagocytosis. 
&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000412000709#], An article proposing the coining of the new term &quot;phagoptosis&quot; as an intentional cell reaction to stress and a natural homeostatic process.&lt;/ref&gt; However, PS exposure on viable cells can be reversed. When neutrophils are activated they have galectins that induce PS on the surface of the cell. If the galectin is removed before the macrophages detect it, then phagoptosis will not occur.


2. CRT (cell-surface calreticulin)—CRT is abundant in cells, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Its transport to the exterior of the cell (exocytosis) can cause it to behave as an attractive signal to phagocytes, which have the CRT receptor LRP (lipoprotein receptor-related protein).  Rather than actively displaying CRT as a self-destructive signal, a stressed cell will decrease the repulsive chemical signal CD47 (discussed in the subsequent section), after which a phagocyte will become attracted to excess CRT on the external surface of the target cell. This is an especially prevalent mechanism in cancer cells, which actively attempt to display the CD47 signal. Cancer cells require strong exposure of &quot;don't-eat-me&quot; signals in order to prevent phagoptosis. While CRT is tied to the surface of a cell, it can also send signals to bind proteins, PS, or C1q on target cells. This will stimulate phagocytosis through the LRP, which is on the phagocyte.

An “eat me” signal similar to CRT is thrombospondin 1 (TSP). Like CRT, TSP1 activates phagocytosis with the use of lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) on the phagocyte. 
&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;


3. MFG-E8 (milk fat globule EFG-like factor-8)—This chemical signal binds to the phagocytotic initiator MerTK (Mer tyrosine kinase) on the phagocyte with the help of several connecting or “bridging” compounds, including Gas-6, protein S, galectin-3, tubby and Tulp 1. These can interact with PS and other receptor proteins in complicated pathways to induce phagocytosis on white blood cells called neutrophils.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

===Repulsive Signals===


In addition to these attractive signals, there are repulsive signals that cells can display to actively prevent phagocytosis. While the attractive signals may be displayed as a result of cellular stress, repulsive signals are altogether more specific. Some repulsive signals include:

1. CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47: CD47 is the inhibitory membrane protein expressed on the surface of the majority of cells. It binds to signal-regulatory proteinα (SIRP-α) on the phagocyte. Examples of cells that use this protein as a 'don't eat me' signal include erythrocytes (red blood cells), cancer cells, and platelets, T-cells. In clinical studies performed on mice with cancerous growths, it has been found that blocking of this protein results both reduction of tumor size and spread throughout the body as a result of phagocytosis. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Williams, Sarah C.P. [http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/03/one-drug-to-shrink-all-tumors.html &quot;One Drug to Shrink All Tumors&quot;], '[AAAS]', 26 March 2012. Retrieved on 28 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;


2. Sialic-Acid Derivatives: These react with a variety of receptors, such as cofactors to prevent phagocytosis. Modifications of sialic-acid on cell surfaces can stop C3b and C1q from binding and signaling nearby macrophages. Sialic acid can be removed from the cell surface by implementing neuraminidase and doing so can induce phagocytosis. Siglec-11, a receptor on brain microphages (microglia), can prevent inflammation and phagocytosis of neurons by binding to their surface. However, Siglec-11 requires polysialylated proteins to be present on the cell surface. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;


3. PAI-1: PAI-1 (or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is another major repulsive signal in cells. Neutrophil cells are an example of a cell type that mainly uses PAI-1 as its repulsive signal.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;


4. CD200 (Cluster of Differentiation 200): This is a protein expressed on the membrane of certain cells. In the case of myeloid cells, it can prevent phagocytosis by releasing an inhibitory signal.&lt;ref&gt;Carclay AN, Wright GJ, Brooke G, Brown MH [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12072366 &quot;CD200 and membrane protein interactions in the control of myeloid cells&quot;], '[NCBI]', 23 June 2002. Retrieved on 28 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

===How Attractive and Repulsive signals Work Together===

1.  However, it is important to note that the display of an “eat me” signal alone may not be sufficient to induce phagocytosis. Despite having “eat me” signals on its surface, a cell may not be attacked by phagocytes because it also displays “don’t eat me” signals. The proportion of “eat me” signals such as PS to “don’t eat me” signals such as CD47 plays a major role in determining how the cell will be recognized by macrophages. Furthermore, the type of cell as well as its environment also influences the degree of influence that signals monitoring cell death will have. Multiple cell types require a cooperative protein or PS oxidation to undergo phagocytosis. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

==Phagoptosis in Model Organisms==

Much of the information about cell death has been obtained from model organisms, such as ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' (a species of transparent nematode) and ''Drosophila melanogaster'' (a species of fly commonly used in laboratories).&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

===Phagocytosis in Development===

[[File:Adult Caenorhabditis elegans.jpg|thumbnail|right|Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode around 1mm in length.]]
In ''C. elegans'' it has been found that a combination of loss-of-function mutants in ''ced-1'' as well as in ''ced-3'' (two transmembrace receptors in ''C.elegans'')&lt;ref&gt;Zhou Z, Hartwieg E, Horvitz HR. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11163239 &quot;CED-1 is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell corpse engulfment in C. elegans.&quot;], '[NCBI]', 12 January 2001. Retrieved on 28 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; led to reduced apoptosis as well as reduced phagocytosis, indicating that both are important factors in programmed cell death during development of the species. This also prevented some death from mutation and toxins. From this it was concluded that light stress on the cell (such as weak activation of caspase, which is involved in apoptosis) is not enough to cause a cell to die, but in conjunction with PS exposure could cause phagoptosis. By removing the srgp-1 gene, which prevents phagocytosis of PS-exposed cells, it was found that rates of phagocytosis in normally apoptotic cells and other stressed cells increased. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka).jpg|410x212px|thumb|right|Drosophila melanogaster, a species of fly often used for genetic testing.]]


In ''D. melanogaster'', developmental cell death is caused by 3 proteins: Hid (head involution defective), Rpr (Reaper), and Grim. All of these induce apoptosis of the cell by binding to the caspase inhibitor DIAP1. This leaves developmental phagocytosis intact, which seemed to remove most of the cells normally lost in development. This indicates that while apoptosis might not be essential for development of ''D. melanogaster'', phagocytosis might be. One of the mechanisms through which phagoptosis occurs in ''D. melanogaster'' is the ER protein pretaporter, which is expressed externally on the surface of cells. There is also competition between cells of different genotypes within ''D. melanogaster'' through induced phagoptosis of surrounding cells. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;


==Turnover of Cells Due to Phagoptosis==
Phagoptosis is one of the main forms of cell death, causing turnovers of erythrocytes, neutrophils, T-cells and many other cells &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;.

===Erythrocytes===
Erythrocytes are red blood cells. The highest rate of cell death in the body is caused erythrophagocytosis, the cell destruction of red blood cells. Two million red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are produced every second in the human body. They live for about 120 days and then are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow in such a way that equals its rate of production. Instead of undergoing apoptosis, red blood cells display “eat me” signals such as PS. A loss of CD47 “don’t eat me” signals in old red blood cells is enough to cause rapid phagocytosis.

Older erythrocytes tend to get phagocytized more because they contain more &quot;eat-me&quot; signals such as PS, phosphidatylserine. When PS is exposed on the cell’s surface, a macrophage senses this and phagocytizes the red blood cells. This can be reversed by other signals such as CD47 on the cell’s surface, binding to the macrophage’s SIRPα receptors. As erythrocytes become older, they lose CD47 signal, causing phagocytosis of erythrocytes. It was found that older erythrocytes live longer when there were depletion of macrophages, which concludes that phagoptosis was the reason for red blood cell's turnover. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

*The phagocytosis of red blood cells is mediated by “eat me” signals such as PS as well as “don’t eat me” signals such as CD47. Erythrocytes are particularly excellent for studying the regulation of phagocytosis because they are destroyed at the same rate they are produced, giving them the highest rate of cell death in the human body.  Every second, about 2 million red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. Each cell has a life span of approximately 120 days. As erythrocytes get older, they begin to display more “eat me” signals and fewer “don’t eat me” signals on their surface. Signals that prevent phagocytosis such as CD47 act on the SIRPa receptors of macrophages, preventing them from attacking viable erythrocytes. Having more “don’t eat me” signals or having fewer macrophages will prolong the survival of older erythrocytes. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

===Neutrophils===
Neutrophils, which are the most plentiful type of white blood cell, are quite different in comparison to erythrocytes. Like red blood cells, neutrophils are also produced in bone marrow and destroyed in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. They are created at a rate of 0.5-1 million per second in humans, with a lifespan of about 5 days. What’s peculiar about these white blood cells is that the younger cells are just as susceptible to phagocytosis as the older cells. When isolated, neutrophils undergo spontaneous apoptotic cell death. For neutrophils, the protein PAI-1 is a “don’t eat me” signal. When PAI-1 is blocked, CRT becomes the main “eat me” signal. Neutrophils are the only leukocytes to expose CRT without the need of a stimulus, which would explain their fast renewal rate in the body. They also have the ability to eat activated platelets and small cells such as bacteria.  

Also, phagocytosis is not the only cause of turnovers in neutrophils like it is for erythrocytes; instead spontaneous apoptosis occurs when neutrophils are isolated. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

When CRT is expressed on neutrophil’s surface, it signals the drive of phagocytosis by macrophages. In contrast, PAI-1 expresses the signal that prohibits phagocytosis, but depletion of this signal causes increasing chance of it being phagocytized. This can be reversed by adding PAI-1 proteins that binds to the white blood cell’s surface, barring phagoptosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

Neutrophils can also act as phagocytes, but only devouring smaller bacterias.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt; 

Like erythrocytes, neutrophils are also made in the bone marrow. However, neutrophils only have a lifespan of 5 days before they are phagocytised. Another noteworthy difference between neutrophils and erythrocytes is that unlike for an erythrocyte, the phagocytosis of a neutrophil is not concurrent with its age. “Younger neutrophils are just as likely to be phagocytised as older neutrophils. (p. 328)” The protein PAI-1 acts as the primary signal preventing phagocytosis on neutrophils. When this “don’t eat me” signal is removed, viable neutrophils are attacked by macrophages. Like PS, the PAI-1 protein also exhibits reversible binding. Adding the protein back to the surface of neutrophils will decrease their rate of phagocytosis.  The phagocytosis of neutrophils is also influenced by antibodies that block PAI-1. When PAI-1 is blocked, the “eat me” signal CRT can induce phagocytosis of neutrophils that are still viable leading to a decreased immune response.  Although CRT acts as the primary eat me signal on neutrophils, neutrophils can also be stimulated to bring PS to their surface, encouraging attack by surrounding macrophages. The phagocytosis of red blood cells is mediated by “eat me” signals such as PS as well as “don’t eat me” signals such as CD47. Erythrocytes are particularly excellent for studying the regulation of phagocytosis because they are destroyed at the same rate they are produced, giving them the highest rate of cell death in the human body.  Every second, about 2 million red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. Each cell has a life span of approximately 120 days. As erythrocytes get older, they begin to display more “eat me” signals and fewer “don’t eat me” signals on their surface. Signals that prevent phagocytosis such as CD47 act on the SIRPa receptors of macrophages, preventing them from attacking viable erythrocytes. Having more “don’t eat me” signals or having fewer macrophages will prolong the survival of older erythrocytes. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

===T-Cells===
T-Cells play an active role in adaptive immunity. These cells activate themselves by attaching to part of antigens and proliferate to leave memory T-cells for secondary immune responses. The activation of T-cells leads to PS exposure and recognition by the Tim-4 receptor, which leads to phagocytosis; thus, carrying out its role to destroy the body's foreign invaders. The Tim-4 receptors on phagocytes are blocked when antigens are introduced during immunization or during infection with influenza virus. This decreases the production of antigen-specific T cells which in return will increase immune responses to those antigens. Similar to erythrocytes, neutrophils, platelets, the turn over of T-cells is regulated by the CD47 signal. Once the T-cell loses that signal, it will be devoured by macrophages. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;

===Hemophagocytosis===
Phagoptosis has been linked to multiple inflammatory and immune disorders, where viable blood cells are attacked by macrophages. A reduction in red or white blood cell count is known as cytopenia. Individuals with cytopenia often have compromised immune systems and are vulnerable to infection. Inflammation can induce the increased phagocytosis of red blood cells by causing these cells to display “eat me” markers, primarily PS, on their surface. Inflammation also increases the capability of macrophages to target red blood cells. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;  Hemophagocytosis is difficult to treat because inflammation plays a vital role in the immune response by isolating foreign substances which may potentially be harmful so they can be destroyed by phagocytes. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm &quot;Immune response&quot;], '[Medicine Plus]', Retrieved on 28 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Opportunities for Future Research==

There is still much research to be done with phagoptosis, but early experiments indicate that certain instances of cell death such as erythrocytosis, neutrophil “cannibalism,” and unnatural neurodegeneration, which were once attributed to apoptosis, may be the result of this more complicated process. Further research may be able to illicit specific solutions to problems that apoptosis models could not adequately describe, which in turn, could provide an opportunity to develop new treatments for degenerative diseases.

===Neurodegeneration===

While there are many different health problems that arise with unnecessary phagoptosis, one of the most serious of these comes from loss of neurons in the brain. This is particularly harmful because neurons are not able to be regenerated. Therefore, permanent damage may result from microglia, the macrophage in the brain responsible for consumption of neurons among other tasks, engulfing any neuron that exposes inflammation, whether or not that neuron is viable. It has been recently discovered that a major cause of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is linked to inactivation of the progranulin gene which inhibits phagocytosis. This suggests that Parkinson's disease, Alzheimers, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may be controlled by phagocytosis control in the brain. Controlling phagocytosis in the brain can be done, for example via PS blocking, which should stop all loss of viable neurons without having to inhibit inflammation.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt; 

Although there are problems with unnecessary phagoptosis in the brain, phagoptosis can also be potentially beneficial in the brain as well. Microglia, or brain macrophages, can also devour apoptotic neurons (neurons which have been programmed to die), reducing the debris and inflammation. There are some cases where the microglia's ability have been impaired due to inflammation, which impairs its ability to classify which neuron to devour, mistaking viable neurons for apoptotic neurons during phagocytosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;[http://www.jimmunol.org/content/185/10/6317t]&lt;/ref&gt;

Phagoptosis performs many beneficial functions in the body including defense against harmful pathogens and regulation of the inflammatory response. However, recent studies indicate that it may be a primary culprit of diseases associated with frontotemporal degeneration. FTD is caused by phagoptosis of viable neurons, which is normally prevented by a protein known as progranulin which regulates phagoptosis in the brain. Mutations in the gene that codes for progranulin are associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other neurodegenerative diseases. &lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt; 
===Cancer Research===

It has been discovered that cancer cells contain high quantities of exposed CD47 protein which contributes to their low rate of consumption by macrophages. Potential research may find inhibitors or antibodies against CD47 that may help induce natural death of cancer cells. For example, in leukaemic cells, it has been discovered that the addition of CD47 antibodies is enough to eradicate several types of leukemia from model organisms such as mice.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Several applications are examined to illustrate the idea of phagoptosis:&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Example !! Eat me signal!! Don't eat me signal
|-
| C elegan || &quot;PS exposure: reversed by ATP-dependent translocase tat-1, disruption of tat-1 exposes PS 
on surface of viale cell induce phagocytosis. PS exposure Downregulated by srgp-1&quot;
 || 
|-
| Drosophila || Death induced by Hid, Rpr and Grim protein, bind to DIAP1, adtivate caspases to induce apoptosis. Knockout of IAP of DIAP1 prevent apoptosis, but doesn't affect phagocytosis--apoptosis not required for Drosophila,while phagocytosis required. Pretaproter act as eat me signal || 
|-
| &quot;
Erythrocytes red blood cells&quot;
 || no apoptosis, old erythrocytes phagocytosed by &quot;eat me signal&quot; PS and altered Band 3 transporter.
 || Phagocytosis inhibited by CD 47 on erthroyte surface, acts on macrophage SIRP receptor. Expression of CD47 reduce in old eryghrocytes--promote phagocytosis. Knockdown of PS-receotors stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 block phagocytosis
|-
| Neutrophils (white blood cell)  || &quot;phagocytes by spleen, liver and bone marrow. Young neutropils are as likely to be phagocytised neutrophils undergeo spontaneous apoptosis when isolated (contrast to Erythrocytes)neutrophil turnover is independent of apoptosis(similar to erythrocytes)&quot;&quot;eat me&quot;&quot; signal: CRT (via LRP) when PAI1/CD47 blocked Uniqueness: exposeCRT constitutively--turnover depleted by CD47-blocking antibodies&quot;&quot;eat me&quot;&quot; signal: oxidised PS and lyso-PS&quot;
 || &quot;don't eat me&quot; signal: PAI-1 on neutrophils, PAI-1 can inhibit interaction between CRT and LRP&quot;

|-
| Platelets || platetes are phagocytosed by neutrophils cayse downregulating blood clotting via phago || Don't eat me signal: CD47.CD47 expression on platelets, such that platets lacking CD47 are rapidly cleared
|-
| T cells || Antigen recognition causes PS exposure on surface of activated T cells. T cell surface PS is recognized by PS receptor Tim-4, mediating phagoptosis. During immunisation with antigen blocking Tim-4 on phagocytes, increase subsequent immune responses to those antigen.  expressing Tim-4 in phagocytes decrease # of T cells || &quot;don't eat me&quot; signal: CD47 regulate T cell turnover. Bax/Bak double knockout mice, can't perform apoptosis, have large expansion of T and B cell, so apoptosis contributes to turnover.
|-
| Hemophagocytosis entosis and cell cannibalism || found in infectious and inflammatory disorder activatedmacrophage engulf viable blood cells inflammation increase both phagocytic capacity of macrophage and PS exposure of leukocytes, so inflammation induced hemophagocytosis and cytopenia. || 
|-
| Neurons and inflammatory neurodegeneration || viable neurons are phagocytised by microglia in brain. Inflammatory activation caused the microglia to become highly phagocytic and release phagocytic adaptorprotein MFG-E8, which induce reversible PS exposure on neurons and lead to neuronal phagocytosis.blocking exposed PS, MFG-E8 prevent neuronal loss without inhibiting inflammation.  Inflammation in brain causemicroglia to eat viable neurons, can be prevented by blocking phagocytic signaling. microglia can spontaneously phagocytise viableneurons, which increase by removal of surface sialic acid residue || Progranulin inhibit phagocytosis of apoptotic and PS-exposed cells in vivo, so neuronal loss in FTD is caused by phagoptosis that progranulin normally suppresses
|-
| Cancer || Cancer can be limited by antibody and complement-dependent phagocytosis of cancer cells, or by induction of &quot;eat me&quot; signals by macrophage and T cells. &quot;eat me&quot; signal is CRT: drive phagoptosis one CD47 is neutralised. || cancer cell overexpress &quot;don't eat me&quot; signal CD47 antibodies against CD47 induce phagocytosis of leukaemic cells by macrophage--completely clear leukaemia.
|-
|}
&lt;references /&gt;

===References===
1. http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/n/necrosis.htm &lt;br /&gt;
2.  http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/apoptosis.htm &lt;br /&gt;
3. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/apoptosis-diagram.gif</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Meiosis</title>
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      <text bytes="5993" sha1="3e25el0ase1ji6beuuvoopsygtu4dhl" xml:space="preserve">== Overview ==

'''Meiosis''' is the process in which a cell reduces its cell from being a diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, to being a haploid, having one set of the twenty-three chromosomes, when creating eggs and sperm. A haploid cell will combine with another haploid cell (one from an egg and one from a sperm) to form a diploid cell. This will result in the right number of chromosomes, 46. During this process, abnormalities of the number of chromosomes usually occur in humans.

== The Process of Meiosis ==
This process happens in the cell nucleus, where there is a pair of chromosomes from each parent. Chromosomes replicates when the chromosomes from both parents are copied and paired to exchange portions of their own DNA. Chromosomes, that are similar, will pair up. The paired chromosomes will swap portions of their DNA, creating a mix of new genetic material in the offspring's cell. When the nucleus divides up into daughter cells, the chromosome pairs are divided. The daughter nuclei will divide again, resulting in further division of chromosomes. The daughter nuclei will end up having single chromosomes and a new mix of genetic material. 
[[File:Meiosis Overview.svg]]

== The Steps of Meiosis ==
Unlike mitosis, meiosis undergoes two replications rather than one. It is because of these two divisions that allow for the resulting daughter cells to end up with only half of the number of chromosomes, or haploid, from the total amount of chromosomes, or diploid. The steps goes as follows:

&lt;u&gt;Meiosis I&lt;/u&gt;

'''Prophase I''': just like in mitosis, during the prophase step, DNA is condensed into very thick like rodes. In additon the nuclear membrane or envelope along with the nucleoli dissappear which allows for free DNA roaming. The spindle apparatuses begin to form ready for the metaphase step. One difference between mitosis prophase and meiosis prophase I is that as the DNA condenses, the chromosomes are visible as tetrads, in other words, homologous DNA pairs, which is not seen in mitosis.

'''Metaphase I''': The tetrads of chromosomes are lined up on the equator of the cell with the spindle apparatus having already been completely formed. It is during prophase I and metaphase I where genetic recombination occurs. When the homologous pairs of DNA, or tetrads, are first lined up against each other, a event called crossing over occurs at the chaismata. Crossing over events happen between neighboring tetrads which swap genetic information with each other. More genetic variation comes from metaphase I specifically in the sense that tetrads can line up completely randomly on the equator of the cell, also known as independent assortment. It is these two events that derive most of genetic variation.

'''Anaphase I''': The tetrads of chromosomes that were previously lined up on the equator are pulled apart in this phase. They are pulled apart in such a fashion that the spindles that are attached to the centromere of all the tetrads lined up on the equator and are pulled apart  to each pole on either side of the cell, towards the centrioles. The resulting chromosomes are now two chromatids.
 
'''Telophase I''': In this phase the chromosomes with two chromatids that have moved to eeither side of the cell decondense and a nuclear envelope begins to form around the genomic material. 

&lt;u&gt;Meiosis II&lt;/u&gt;

'''Prophase II''': The chromosomes that have two chromatids from the previous meiosis I cycle recondense, with their nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear similar to prophase I. In addition the spindle forms in this phase. 

'''Metaphase II''': The chromosomes with the two chromatids line up at the equator similar to how they lined up in metaphase I. Although genetic variation is seen in this phase as well as it was seen in metaphase I, the degree is very much diminished. In prophase I, crossing over occurred, however in prophase II, since homologous chromosomes are non existent in this phase, the chromatids cannot react with any neighboring pieces of DNA. The only source of variation in this phase is independent assortment of genes on the equator of the cell. The possibility of chromatids either going left or right on the cell and being chosen for fertilization is the source of variation here. 

'''Anaphase II''': The chromosomes split by the same mechanics explained in Anaphase I except only one chromatid head moves towards each pole of the cell. 

'''Telophase II''': This phase has the same exact mechanics explained in Telophase I. The only difference is that instead chromatids being de-condensed with a nuclear envelop developing around it, it is solely a chromatid head. The cell is now ready to develop into sperm or eggs at this stage.

== Mutations and Birth Defects ==
According to Angelika Amon, a molecular biologist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, the leading cause of human birth defects and miscarriages are the mistakes in dividing DNA between daughter cells during meiosis. Miscarriages occur when embryos have an incorrect number of chromosomes and do not go to full term.

The likelihood that chromosomes will not be apportioned properly increases with age in women. Studies have shown that one out of every eighteen babies born to women who are over the age of forty-five has three copies of chromosomes 13, 18, or 21 instead of the normal amount of two. This can lead to birth defects or mutations. An example is that Down Syndrome is caused by three copies of chromosome 21.

== Studying Meiosis ==
Amon studies yeast cells, which separate their chromosomes almost exactly the same way cells of humans do. The exception is that yeast cells' chromosomes separate much faster. A yeast cell copies its DNA and produces daughter cells in about half an hour. Humans cells, on the other hand, takes about a whole day.

== References==

Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and, 2006. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Synthesis</title>
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        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <comment>/* Simple Reactions:The synthesis of Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagines and Alanine */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4134" sha1="cz8w2vc012hg985ztiogfy3ffqit4br" xml:space="preserve">= Synthesis =
The synthesis of amino acids is vital to life itself. They are important because they are the basis of proteins and required for the synthesis of more complicated molecules such as vitamins. Amino acid synthesis is the process of creating amino acids from other molecules. Not all animals can synthesize all the amino acids. Non essential amino acids are those that are synthesized while the essential amino acids are those that need to be obtained through diet. Non-essential amino acids are the amino acids that can be synthesized in animals. 

The amino acids synthesis pathways are grouped into six categories. They are grouped according to their similar mechanism or the use of similar enzymes to synthesize amino acids. These six categories are simple reactions, branch chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, threonine/lysine, serine/glycine, and unique pathways. 


&lt;ref name=&quot;synthesis&quot;&gt;[http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869P/CHEM869PLinks/www.bact.wisc.edu/microtextbook/metabolism/aminoacids.html synthesis], November 20, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Synthesis of Amino Acids ==

=== Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky ===


Using Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, the creation of racemic alanine can be formed from propanoic acid.  This can be done as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination allows for an addition of a functional group at the carbon 2 of propanoic acid.  Through this reaction, a nucleophile can displace the bromine that is formed on carbon number two.  In using a nucleophile such as ammonia, the amino acid Alanine can therefore be formed.  Due to the low yields produced by Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, Gabriel Synthesis is preferred in the making of primary amines.


''Mechanism of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination:''
[[File:Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaktion Mechanismus3.svg|938 × 212px|center]]

This reaction is followed by an addition of ammonia, which will displace bromine and form Alanine.

=== Gabriel Synthesis ===


The formed 2-substitued propanedioate can be alkylated, allowing for the preparation of a variety of substituted amino acids. 

''Mechanism of Gabriel Synthesis:''
[[File:Gabriel synthesis mechanism.png|thumb|Gabriel synthesis mechanism|center]]

A propanedioate such as diethyl 2-bromomalonate would be used to form an amino acid such as Glycine.  The difference however in the synthesis of Glycine from the Gabriel Synthesis from the regular Gabriel synthesis shown above, is that the group that is attached to the Nitrogen after the first step would be hydrolyzed to form two carboxylic acids.  One of the carboxylic acid group would be then decarboxylated and hydrolysis would occur once again to cleave the imide group, which would result in the formation of Glycine.

=== Strecker Synthesis ===
This synthesis is based on the cyanohydrin formation that can occur from aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide.  When this reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonia or ammonium cyanide with an acetaldehyde, formation of the amino acid Alanine can occur.

''Mechanism of  Strecker Synthesis of Alanine:''
[[File:Strecker synthesis.png|thumb|Strecker synthesis|center]]

==Simple Reactions:The synthesis of Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagines and Alanine==

Glutamate is synthesized by the addition of ammonia to alpha-ketoglutarate.

&lt;!--
[[File:Synthesis of Glutamate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamate]]
--&gt;

Using Glutamate, the addition of another ammonia molecule made Glutamine. 

&lt;!--
[[File:Synthesis of Glutamine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamine]]
--&gt;

Aspartate is made by the combination of Oxaloacetate and Glutamate. 

&lt;!--
[[File:Synthesis of Aspartate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Aspartate]]
--&gt;

Asparagine can be made by adding ammonia directly to Aspartate.

&lt;!--
[[File:Synthesis of Asparagine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Asparagine]]
--&gt;

There are several methods for making Alanine. The most common way is the transferring of amine group from glutamate onto private.

&lt;!--
[[File:Synthesis of Alanine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Alanine]]
--&gt;

== References ==
Vollhardt, Peter (2010) Organic Chemistry Structure and Function Sixth Edition. ISBN:142920494X
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      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|talk]]) to last version by Atn039</comment>
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      <text bytes="4087" sha1="tjua9yl1hlejyi9qyn7r9ie6r6mffxg" xml:space="preserve">= Synthesis =
The synthesis of amino acids is vital to life itself. They are important because they are the basis of proteins and required for the synthesis of more complicated molecules such as vitamins. Amino acid synthesis is the process of creating amino acids from other molecules. Not all animals can synthesize all the amino acids. Non essential amino acids are those that are synthesized while the essential amino acids are those that need to be obtained through diet. Non-essential amino acids are the amino acids that can be synthesized in animals. 

The amino acids synthesis pathways are grouped into six categories. They are grouped according to their similar mechanism or the use of similar enzymes to synthesize amino acids. These six categories are simple reactions, branch chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, threonine/lysine, serine/glycine, and unique pathways. 


&lt;ref name=&quot;synthesis&quot;&gt;[http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869P/CHEM869PLinks/www.bact.wisc.edu/microtextbook/metabolism/aminoacids.html synthesis], November 20, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Synthesis of Amino Acids ==

=== Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky ===


Using Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, the creation of racemic alanine can be formed from propanoic acid.  This can be done as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination allows for an addition of a functional group at the carbon 2 of propanoic acid.  Through this reaction, a nucleophile can displace the bromine that is formed on carbon number two.  In using a nucleophile such as ammonia, the amino acid Alanine can therefore be formed.  Due to the low yields produced by Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, Gabriel Synthesis is preferred in the making of primary amines.


''Mechanism of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination:''
[[File:Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaktion Mechanismus3.svg|938 × 212px|center]]

This reaction is followed by an addition of ammonia, which will displace bromine and form Alanine.

=== Gabriel Synthesis ===


The formed 2-substitued propanedioate can be alkylated, allowing for the preparation of a variety of substituted amino acids. 

''Mechanism of Gabriel Synthesis:''
[[File:Gabriel synthesis mechanism.png|thumb|Gabriel synthesis mechanism|center]]

A propanedioate such as diethyl 2-bromomalonate would be used to form an amino acid such as Glycine.  The difference however in the synthesis of Glycine from the Gabriel Synthesis from the regular Gabriel synthesis shown above, is that the group that is attached to the Nitrogen after the first step would be hydrolyzed to form two carboxylic acids.  One of the carboxylic acid group would be then decarboxylated and hydrolysis would occur once again to cleave the imide group, which would result in the formation of Glycine.

=== Strecker Synthesis ===
This synthesis is based on the cyanohydrin formation that can occur from aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide.  When this reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonia or ammonium cyanide with an acetaldehyde, formation of the amino acid Alanine can occur.

''Mechanism of  Strecker Synthesis of Alanine:''
[[File:Strecker synthesis.png|thumb|Strecker synthesis|center]]

==Simple Reactions:The synthesis of Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagines and Alanine==

Glutamate is synthesized by the addition of ammonia to alpha-ketoglutarate.

[[File:Synthesis of Glutamate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamate]]

Using Glutamate, the addition of another ammonia molecule made Glutamine. 

[[File:Synthesis of Glutamine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamine]]

Aspartate is made by the combination of Oxaloacetate and Glutamate. 

[[File:Synthesis of Aspartate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Aspartate]]

Asparagine can be made by adding ammonia directly to Aspartate.

[[File:Synthesis of Asparagine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Asparagine]]
There are several methods for making Alanine. The most common way is the transferring of amine group from glutamate onto private.
[[File:Synthesis of Alanine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Alanine]]

== References ==
Vollhardt, Peter (2010) Organic Chemistry Structure and Function Sixth Edition. ISBN:142920494X
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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/RAGE: Pattern Recognition Receptor</title>
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      <id>4640784</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <text bytes="10680" sha1="o83xryg689pafw4ztjxk4zda6mkje9g" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==

RAGE is a central signaling molecule found in the immune system and is involved in enduring and complicating responses toward inflammation. RAGE is also a receptor for products of glycation and acts as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes common characteristics instead of specific ligands. New information about RAGE’s extracellular structure led to this discovery. Experimental procedures of x-ray crystallography and NMR show that ligand binding is driven by electrostatic interactions between ectodomains and ligands, which are positively charged and negatively charged, respectively.

==RAGE and Inflammation==
[[File:PDB_8fab_EBI.jpg|thumbnail|RAGE is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. ]]
This receptor, RAGE, is part of a superfamily of cell surface receptors known as immunoglobulin (Ig). It is a major molecule in the development of severe chronic diseases including diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration and even cancer. Animals that are healthy have low expressions of the RAGE molecule but expression increases as the state of health or a disease worsens. Increased expression in the RAGE molecule also increases the expression of ligands attached to the RAGE molecule. Examples of RAGE ligands include AGEs, which are advanced glycation end products and members of the S100 protein family. AGEs are also part of many other groups including the high mobility group protein box-1 (HMGB1), β amyloids, and fibrous protein aggregates. Attachment of ligands to RAGE receptors activates various signaling pathways that depend either on the ligand, environment or cell type. These pathways can be: 
*RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways
*stress-activated protein kinase pathways
*p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways 
*cAMP response to element-binding (CREB) protein 
*activation of transcription family (STAT3)

When an inflammation response is in process, the RAGE-ligand attachment leads to an increase in the expression of the RAGE molecule. This is a type of positive feedback loop that results in prolonged activation of NF-κB, which is a nuclear transcription factor allowing for the conversion of a positive inflammatory response into a chronic physiological state. Researchers of this phenomenon realize that in order to prevent the RAGE molecule from inhibiting inflammatory responses, the positive feedback loop created by the RAGE-ligand and RAGE molecule, should be disrupted by blocking the receptor-ligand interaction site. However, this would require extensive knowledge of the mechanism of RAGE-ligand interaction. 

==Structure==
X-Ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have allowed for studying the structure of RAGE as well as the mechanism of RAGE-ligand recognition. RAGE has a large positive surface charge allowing it to create electrostatic traps for ligands that have negative charges. The molecular organization of RAGE plays an important role initiating signals for ligand interaction. By studying fluorescence-labeled receptors, it was evident that RAGE did not exist as a single molecule in the plasma membrane of cells but collects in assemblies of receptors.

RAGE has a single transmembrane helix that connects the ectodomain with the short cytoplasmic domain and an extracellular component that is required for the ligand to recognize and bind. This extracullar component has three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains. The N-terminal Ig domain is assigned to the V-set of Ig-like molecules and is known as the V domain of RAGE. The other two Ig domains are part of the C1 and C2 set. The N-terminal V domain is located far away from the plasma membrane but the C2 domain lies close to the membrane. V and C1 domains can be joined together to form an elongated structure. V and C1 domains can be fixed and become the VC1 domain, which can connect to the C2 domain by several amino acids that have no secondary structure, which allows the VC1 and C2 domains to link. NMR spectroscopy studies have shown that VC1 moves as a single unit and can combine with the C2 domain. 

The V domain consists a large amount of arginine and lysine, which carry positive charges at neutral pH. RAGE V domain has more arginine and lysine than the V-set of Ig domains. Arginine and lysine residues form large positively charged patches on the surface of V and C1 domains. Meanwhile, C2 domain has mainly acidic residues on its surface and is negatively charged. Because the two domains are oppositely charged, the extracellular component of RAGE is subdivided. This subdivision is reflected in the ligand binding properties of the different domains since ligands do not bind to C2 due to charge repulsion. Most ligands tend to bind to the V domain or the VC1 domain since ligands are negatively charged. There is only one case where a ligand has bound to the C2 domain. Nonetheless, charge-charge interactions are important for the formation of the receptor-ligand complex and suggested that the positively charged ligand-binding domain of the RAGE molecule can recognize certain arrangements of negative charges of ligands and can recognize these as common features for the ligands. 

 
==Receptor-ligand Interactions==
[[File:Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR).jpg|left|thumbnail|Surface Plasmon Resonance allowed for the revelation that ligands with multiple subunits have long periods of ligand-receptor interaction. ]]
Positron emission topography (in vivo) and in vitro have allowed for the study of binding of ligands. In vitro studies are conducted by monitoring the cellular response of RAGE ligands as well as protein-protein interactions. It was concluded that RAGE-ligand binding causes cells to respond immediately. Signaling of the ligand and its RAGE molecule increase in strength when the bonding affinity between the RAGE and ligand is high. The signal strength also increases when the signaling complex is activated for longer periods of time. There are two phases of the process of ligand binding. First, the dissociation phase reveals the lifetime of the signaling-competent complex. Ligands that dissociate slowly in vitro can induce longer and more intense receptor activations. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a method for observing these activations since it examines the real-time interaction of the receptor, which can become immobilized and its ligand, which can bind. The thermodynamics of binding including the affinity of the RAGE-ligand attraction as well as the kinetics of the dissociations can be observed. The SPR technique has also revealed that multimeric, or consisting of multiple subunits, ligands have prolonged periods of binding to their receptors.

==RAGE Ligands==
Rage ligands are very diverse and have common features that allow for the activation of the RAGE molecule. The following are examples of RAGE ligands: 
*AGEs (Advanced glycation endproducts)
These molecules are heterogeneous and are derived from the condensation and oxidation of proteins, peptides and sugars. The first step in forming AGE is the reaction of the aldehyde group of sugars with amine groups from lysine or arginine amino acids. This is a nonspecific and non-enzymatic process and it is called glycation. When glycation is high and frequent in individuals, it leads to diabetes and other complications. Oxidation of AGEs allows for the increase in overall negative charge on the ligand by carboxymethylation of the amino group. AGEs and RAGE have high affinities for one another and initiate a high level of endurance for pro-inflammatory responses. AGE and RAGE interaction has been observed as the main cause of diabetes complications and cardiovascular disorders.
*S100 Proteins 
This family of proteins includes more than 25 members and each displays different patterns and functions. These proteins are small and acidic and have two different calcium bindings that are connected by a flexible loop. S100 proteins form homodimers and sometimes heterodimers and oligomers such as tetramers and octamers. S100 proteins can be found in vertebrates mainly and are localized in the cytoplasm, acting as calcium sensors. These proteins can display intracellular calcium signaling and binding that causes the S100 proteins to change in conformation and shape. In the extracellular space, S100 proteins are loaded with calcium since the calcium concentration is high, so they can bind to RAGE easily.
*Amyloid β and amyloid fibrils
[[File:Abeta 2lfm.jpg|thumbnail|Beta Amyloid structure]]
Alzheimer disease is caused by the extracellular deposition of amyloid β peptide, originating from proteoloytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Amyloid β peptides contains between 40 and 42 amino acids. These peptides have acidic and hydrophobic regions that are prone to accumulation of amyloid fibrils that build up amyloid plaques in the brain, causing Alzheimer’s disease. Mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease have shown that RAGE binds amyloid β and moves it around the blood stream to the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system (CNS). Analyzing this using in vitro revealed that RAGE and amyloid β have high affinity for binding the soluble amyloid β peptide. RAGE can also bind amyloid fibrils.
*High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1)
[[File:Protein_HMGB1_PDB_1aab.png|left|thumbnail|Structure of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1)]]
This protein has an extracellular regulatory function and acts as a proinflammatory activator. HMGB1 has three domains: two N-terminus domains that are involved in DNA binding and one C-terminus domain that consists of various acidic amino acids as well as directs the binding to the RAGE molecule. HMBG1 binds to RAGE and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which forms the HMGB1-RAGE-TLR9 complex that activates B cells. DNA can bind with RAGE with high affinity and form a stable complex without the HMGB1 protein, but DNA-RAGE interaction has not produced noticeable results yet. 

==Ligands and their Common Features==
RAGE can recognize common characteristics in different ligands. RAGE ligands have a net negative charge at their surfaces. They also usually have neutral pH, but S100 proteins have acidic pH.  Also, AGEs do not usually have their surfaces negatively charged until they transform during glycation and oxidation. Most ligands also oligomerize. AGE modifies proteins, which leads to covalent bonds to higher molar mass molecules. S100 proteins also form large assemblies of tetramers or octamers.

==Reference==
Fritz, Gunter. RAGE: a single receptor fits multiple ligands. Trends Biochem Sci. 2011 Dec(12): 625-32. Epub2011 Oct19.

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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/P63</title>
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        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <text bytes="3664" sha1="l75hawqbqkg83us26jaj41vppnm82z9" xml:space="preserve">'''p63''', also known as '''TP63''' (tumor protein p63), is encoded by the TP63 gene. It is also part of the p53 family along with [[Structural Biochemistry/p53|p53]] and [[Structural Biochemistry/p73|p73]]. It was discovered in 1998 as a p53-related ortholog in mouse and human cells.&lt;ref name=&quot;Little&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00086-3 |title=p63 |journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=6–9 |year=2002 |last1=Little |first1=Natalie A |last2=Jochemsen |first2=Aart G }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Similarly to p53 and p73, p63 also has domains that are highly conserved across the family. Because of this homology, it is believed that the three genes in the p53 family have the same functions. However, after studying the genes more specifically and carefully, it was been shown that even though the genes may performs some of the same functions, they each have unique physiological roles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincenzo&quot;/&gt; p63 has been associated more with have a developmental role rather than a tumor suppressing role.&lt;ref name'&quot;Melino&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/cdd.2011.81 |pmid=21760596 |pmc=3178431 |title=P63 is a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis interacting with mutant p53 |journal=Cell Death and Differentiation |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1487–99 |year=2011 |last1=Melino |first1=G }}&lt;/ref&gt; All three genes can cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but like p73, there is alternative splicing for p63 that produces different isoforms of p63.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincenzo&quot;/&gt; α forms contain the sterile alpha motif (SAM) that is responsible for mediating protein-protein interactions.&lt;ref name =&quot;Little&quot;/&gt;

==Structure==
[[File:Protein TP73L PDB 1rg6.png|thumb|C-terminal domain of the p63 protein
PDB rendering based on 1rg6.]]
The structure of p63 seems to be more similar to the structure of p73 than to p53.&lt;ref name =&quot;Little&quot;/&gt; p63 has a long transactivation domain (TA), a DNA binding domain (DBD) and an oligomerization domain (OD) that are all highly conserved with the corresponding domains in p53 and p73.&lt;ref name =&quot;Vincenzo&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.002 |pmid=21515338 |title=Role of p63 in cancer development |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta |volume=1816 |issue=1 |pages=57–66 |year=2011 |last1=Graziano |first1=Vincenzo |last2=De Laurenzi |first2=Vincenzo }}&lt;/ref&gt; The protein is composed of 15 exons and various isoforms of protein exist. Isoforms containing the long transactivation domain as known as TA forms and are the full-length protein TAp63, while isoforms that do have only the short (~15-18 amino acid residues) transactivation domain are called ΔN forms, ΔNp63. Each form can undergo alternative splicing that produces three different C-termini forms, α, β, or γ &lt;ref name=&quot;Little&quot;/&gt; Additionally, both TAp63α and ΔNp63α also have a sterile alpha motif (SAM) interacting domain at its C-terminus that is responsible for mediating protein-protein interactions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marta&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.2478/s11658-011-0009-9 |pmid=21442444 |title=The role of P63 in cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells |journal=Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=296–327 |year=2011 |last1=Nekulova |first1=Marta |last2=Holcakova |first2=Jitka |last3=Coates |first3=Philip |last4=Vojtesek |first4=Borivoj }}&lt;/ref&gt;
The ΔNp63 isoform of p63 (like the ΔNp73 isoform of p73) does have only the short  N-terminal TA domain and this p63 isoform seems to be the main negative inhibitors of TAp63 isoforms as well as other family members of the p53 family, similar to role of the ΔNp73 isoform.

==Reference==
{{reflist}}
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/ROS</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T10:58:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <text bytes="3540" sha1="3mtubb9l9opxog2q34moagbu6fu7mva" xml:space="preserve">== Overview ==
ROS, which stands for reactive oxygen species, oxidizes DNA, lipids, and proteins.  They are molecules that are highly reactive, but small.  They modulate activities of oxidized targets when they are controlled tightly. Reactive oxygen species is one of many cell-signaling processes. At first it was once thought to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, but now it is known that ROS plays an important role in the complicated signaling network of cells in different kinds of organisms. ROS is generated from different kinds of sources like chloroplasts, peroxisomes, cell membrane, germin-like oxalate oxidases, and amine oxidases, etc. ROS can activate autophagy, which is one of their essential roles. They can cause cells to either survive or die.  As of the moment, ROS and its involvement with autophagy are not completely understood.  Autophagy's redox regulation has a focus on mitochondria's role as one of the sources of ROS as well as clearance of ROS by mitophagy.

== Major ROS(reactive oxygen species) ==
1.	Singlet oxygen (O2)
As the first excited electronic state of O2, it is formed during photosynthesis. However, singlet oxygen can cause violent damage on PSI and PSII in the photosynthetic mechanism. Singlet oxygen is more acting as a signal to activate stress-response pathways instead of acting as a toxin like other ROS.

2.	Superoxide radicals (O2•-)
Superoxide radicals is moderately reactive ROS, which can protonate or donate electron to iron(3+) result with a iron(2+) product, the product will then lead to reduce hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).  Photosynthetically active chloroplasts generates superoxide radicals to active genes in signaling pathways.

3.	Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Hydrogen peroxide is also moderately reactive with longer half-time life(1ms) than other ROS (2-4μs). Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize enzyme’s thiol groups and lead to cell death. In low concentration, hydrogen peroxide is a signal molecule that triggers tolerance to biotic/abiotic stress. In high concentration, hydrogen peroxide will lead to programmed cell death.

4.	Hydroxyl radical (OH•)
Hydroxyl radical is the most reactive ROS so far. As a product from superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals can be formed at neutral pH with catalyst. Hydroxyl radical can react with protein, nucleic acid, and lipids. Just like hydrogen peroxide, high concentration of hydroxyl radical will lead to programmed cell death.

== Autophagy ==
Autophagy, also known as autophagocytosis, is involved in degradation of cells when they are dysfunctional or unnecessary by lysosomes.  Autophagy is a catabolic basic mechanism.

Incompleteness in oxygen one electron reduction forms ROS molecules that are small, highly reactive, and short-lived.  Oxygen anions and free radicals are included as a ROS.  

== Reference ==
[1]Regulation of autophagy by ROS: physiology and pathology.
Scherz-Shouval R, Elazar Z.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2011 Jan;36(1):30-8. Epub 2010 Aug 20. Review.

[2]L.-J. Quan, B. Zhang, W.-W. Shi, H.-Y. Li, Hydrogen peroxide in plants: a versatile molecule of the reactive oxygen species network, J. Integrat. Plant Biol. 50 (2008) 2e18.

[3]Gill SS, Tuteja N,. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48. 909–930.

[4]S. Bhattachrjee, Reactive oxygen species and oxidative burst: roles in stress, senescence and signal transduction in plant, Curr. Sci. 89 (2005) 1113e1121.

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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Glutamine Addiction in Cancer</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <text bytes="14330" sha1="illv1va26mvocnv6u40k4gqda9jq5al" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==

Many cancers survive and grow based on the rate of aerobic glycolysis. Some cancers are attracted to glutamine, one of the 20 common amino acids that code for a genetic sequence or code. However, glutamine is not a typical amino acid that synthesizes glucose used in the process of glycolysis. Moreover, cells uptake glutamine not because it is a nitrogen donor to nucleotides. In fact, glutamine plays an important role in up-taking essential amino acids and activating TOR kinase, which is a specific enzyme that is necessary for balancing protein synthesis and degradation. Glutamine is the main mitochondrial substrate that is required to maintain the membrane potential in mitochondria of cancer cells as well as aid in NADPH production that is necessary for synthesizing other macromolecules as well as control redox chemical reactions within the body.

==Addiction to Glutamine==
[[File:Otto_Warburg.jpg|left|thumbnail|Otto Warburg discovered the Warburg effect which allowed for the study of excess metabolism of glucose as well as glutamine. ]]

It has been studied by Otto Warburg, a notable German physiologist and Nobel Laureate, that cancer cells seem to uptake more glucose and produce more lactic acid than regular cells or tissues. Warburg hypothesized that cancer results from falling back to metabolism that involves rapidly increasing the number of single cell eukaryotes. This became known as the Warburg effect and studies have shown that this effect is brought on by activating oncogenes associated with glucose uptake. Furthermore, activation of the cell signal, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) cause levels of glucose uptake to increase and causes the cell's metabolism to exceed the maximum use for glucose. Because of this, cancer cells can then secrete extra glycolytic metabolites in the form of lactic acid. Some tumors have this similar reaction, but instead of excess glucose metabolism, there is inefficient glutamine metabolism. These types of cancer cells or tumors cannot survive when there is not enough extra glutamine and are therefore considered to be &quot;addicted&quot; to glutamine. Glutamine is in fact a necessary substrate used in anabolic growth of cells, especially those of mammals. Due to the addiction of glutamine exhibited by some cancer cells, the study of glutamine in cell growth and cell-signaling pathways will help to discover new therapeutic treatments of some cancers.

==Glutamine as a Nitrogen Donor==
[[File:Glutaminsäure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg|thumbnail|As shown in the structure of glutamic acid, there is a free amino group containing an available nitrogen for donation.]]
Cancer cells, like any other cell, must synthesize compounds that contain nitrogen. Typically these compounds are in the form of nucleotides and essential amino acids. Glutamine is a typical nitrogen donor and donates through three enzymatic steps in the synthesis of purines and two enzymatic steps in the synthesis of pyrimidines. Glutamine donates an amide group and is then converted to glutamic acid. 

Glutamic acid becomes the primary donor of nitrogen for synthesizing nonessential amino acids. Transaminases are specific enzyme that aid in transferring the amino group of glutamic acid to α-ketoacids which are used to create nonessential amino acids. Some examples of α-ketoacids include pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or gamma-semialdehyde which are also used to synthesize nonessential acids such as alanine, serine or aspartate. Glutamic acid as a form of glutamine, donates its carbon skeleton and nitrogen to proline, another nonessential amino acid, as well.

==Activation of TORC1 Protein==

[[File:Protein FRAP1 PDB 1aue.png|left|thumbnail|The structure of mTORC (mammalian target of rapamcyin) is shown. This is specifically for serine/threonine kinase.]]

Glutamine plays an important role in the process of protein translation in cancer cells. This was observed in the response to glutamine of target rapamycin complex 1 in mammals (mTORC1). mTORC1 is typically a major regulator of cell growth and activates protein translation but inhibits the response of macrophages to excess amino acid production. Through the study of yeast, it was concluded that there needs to be a sufficient level of amino acids for TORC1 to be properly activated. TORC1 seemed to respond to glutamine as well as essential amino acid levels. mTORC1 activation seems to response mostly to leucine; however glutamine has been shown to be necessary to activate mTORC1 to the maximum. Studies of cell lines of mTORC1 showed that cells depended not only on the presence of essential amino acids but also glutamine at the same time. From studying how glutamine is taken up through an importer called SLC1A5 showed that glutamine was exported using SLC7A5 which exchanges glutamine for uptake of essential amino acids. If there was not enough SLC1A5 in the cells, glutamine could not be taken up and exported; therefore essential amino acids could not be absorbed either. Glutamine also contributes to nonessential amino acids that are found in proteins that are newly translated.Therefore, it could be concluded that glutamine is not used for anabolic metabolism but instead for exchanging essential amino acids that activate TORC1 used in translating proteins, in and out of the cell. Ultimately, glutamine signals mTORC1 as well as provides essential amino acids for protein translation.

==Mitochondrial Substrate: Glutamine==

In 1955 Harry Eagle found that glutamine was essential for proliferating cells. Eagle studied on nutritional needs of a cell and found that glutamine was consumed ten times more than any other amino acids. Cells were unable to multiply without glutamine. Kovacevic and collegues found, in 1971, that glutamine is used as fuel and the carbon molecules found in gluatmine was also found in the carbon dioxide excreted by the cell. Glutamine loses its amide group using the an enzyme, glutaminase, to produce glutamic acid, which then loses its amine group using glutamic acid dehydrogenase to form α-ketogluterate. 

Current studies use 13C to identify the carbon movements in the conversion of glutamine to lactic acid. Gluatamine uses malic enzymes to convert to lactic acid. Malic enzymes decarboxylates malic acid making carbon dioxide, NADPH and pyruvate. The NADPH produced is then used to for the cell to multiply.

Glutamine also contributes to the cell by producing oxaloacetate according to studies shown in a glioblastoma cell. The oxaloacetate (OAA) is bonded to an acetyl-CoA to make citrate. The acetyl-CoA is formed by breaking down cholesterol, fatty acids and chromatins. Gluatmine goes through anaplerotic reactions to refill the amount of carbons entering the TCA cycle. By replenishing the carbons in the mitochondria the cell is able to synthesize nucleotides, proteins, and lipids. Due to glutamine metabolism in cancer cells, studies show that the mitochondria in essential even for cancer cells. 13C NMR studies do show that cancer cells do not depend of oxaloacetate production through pyruvate carboxylation. In fact cancer cells suppress the activity of pyruvate carboxylation since cancer cells have glutamine to produce oxaloacetate.

==Glutamine Metabolism Regulated by Oncogenic Levels of c-MYC==

As discussed above, glutamine serves as a crucial nitrogen donor for the purpose of nucleotide synthesis. Studies that utilize reverse transcriptase ((RT)-PCR), and chromatin immunoprecipitation, suggest that the c-MYC (Myc) is involved in activating 11 genes that are involved in nucleotide biosynthesis. Massive amounts of Myc have been linked to the increase process of glutaminolysis, which suggests that Myc activation and amplification serves as one of the more common oncogenic events that can be witnessed in some cancers. Rt-PCR and ChIP both have the tendency to advocate the binding of Myc and transcriptional occurrences of two glutamine transporters: the SLC38A5 (SN2) and SLC1A5 (ASCT2). SLC1A5 is the transporter that is necessary for the glutamine-dependent activation of mTORC1. Myc also serves as a promotion factor to the metabolism process of converting glutamine into glutamic acid, which eventually becomes lactic acid at the end of the metabolism process. In addition, Myc also plays a significant role in influencing the post-transcriptional regulation of glutamine catabolism. The Myc is also a factor that leads the mitochondrial membrane to be dependent on exogenous glutamine as a source of carbon. Despite the fact that there is a great availability of glucose, glutamine depletion within Myc-transformed cells also significantly decrease the levels of TCA cycle metabolites.

==Ways to Target Cancer==

Many cells are sensitive when they are deprived of glutamine especially cancer cells in pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, acute myelogenous leukemia and lung cancer. In the 1950s, experiments were performed and showed that 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, azaserine and acivicin were analogs of glutamine. Testing of these analogs showed that they have an effect against certain tumors. These compounds inhibited enzymatic steps that involved glutamine when synthesizing nucleotides. The following are current ways to reduce cancer that have been researched and studied: 


'''1. Glutamine uptake suppression'''

Studies show that there has been an increase transporters that have great attraction or affinity to glutamine in cancer cells specifically. A common transporter of glutamine is known as SLC1A5 and targets the Myc oncoprotein. Many cancers display an increase in this transporter; however there are inhibitors that have been discovered that allow the glutamine to be taken up less or at least not in excess amount. One of these inhibitors is called GPNA or L-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide and it not only inhibits the amount of glutamine that is absorbed, but it also causes the mTORC activation, but only those proteins that depend solely on glutamine, to be suppressed as well. 


'''2. Transamination Suppression'''

[[File:Transaminierung.svg|left|thumbnail|The process of transamination is shown. Transamination is an equilibrium reaction and can produce amides as well as carboxylic acids. These products can be derived from glutamine.]]
Because the major route that allows carbons derived from glutamine to enter the citric acid cycle is through a process known as transamination, studies have shown that the transaminase inhibitor known as amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA) can help with suppressing cancer. Treatment of AOA seemed to be promising since it produced a cytostatic effect where it inhibited cell growth in breast cancer. It also showed the same effect on cell growth in glioblastoma cells. Inhibiting one component of glutamine metabolism or in this case glutamate transamination resulted in the reduction of cancer effects. 


'''3. Inhibition of Complex I in Citric Acid Cycle'''

[[File:Metformin.svg|thumbnail|Structure of Metformin, a drug used to target metabolism of glutamine.]]
Cancer cells that depend on glutamine cause the mitochondria to produce anabolic precursors using glutamine instead of glucose. Glutamine will flow in and out of the citric acid cycle and will cause NAD+ to be regenerated continuously using the electron transport chain. Drugs have been developed to suppress these effects in the mitochondria of cells. For example, Metformin has been proven to slow the growth of cancer cells and tumors and displays efficiency in the mitochondria of liver cells. Metformin not only targets glutamine metabolism but also lowers blood glucose concentration. 


'''4. Stopping mTORC Activation'''

Glutamine can be imported into cancer cells through the transporter SLC1A5. This also allowed essential amino acids to be imported such as leucine, which will activate mTORC1 kinase. Treating cancer cells with GPNA which inhibits SLC1A5 blocks glutamine from activating mTORC1 and causes autophagocytosis of cancer cells to occur. 


'''5. Lower Blood Glutamine Levels'''

[[File:L-Asparaginase.png|left|thumbnail|The structure of L-Asparaginase enzyme. It is capable of lowering glutamine levels, but could potentially have toxic side effects.]]
Enzymes can be used to lower the blood glutamine levels. Asparagine which hydrolyzes into aspartic acid through the help of the enzyme L-asparaginase can be used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All of the cells can synthesize asparagine and thus L-asparaginase can cause glutamine to hydrolyze into glutamic acid and ammonia as well. L-asparaginase lowers glutamine levels; however it can also have a high toxicity level. 

Alternatively, research has been further conducted to discover that plasma glutamine can be decreased by using phenyl butyrate. This has been specifically used to treat hyperammonemia patients that have acute liver failure or urea cycle disorders. Phenyl butyrate has been successful in decreasing the amount of glutamine in cells and can break down to form phenyl acetate that can combine with the leftover glutamine with the aid of phenyl acetylcoA to form phenylacetylglutamine which can be simply excreted from the body through urination; thus reducing the amount of glutamine in the body and reducing the attraction of cancer cells to glutamine.

==Conclusion==
Certain oncoproteins in tumor cells can alter the metabolism of tumor cells making them have a higher affinity to the amino acid glutamine.  Initially this came as a bit of a surprise considering that glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that can easily be synthesized in the cell.  However, after considering the role that glutamine plays in metabolism and in affecting cell growth, it became clear that glutamine was ideally suited to further the goal of cancerous cells.  By taking advantage of the fact that some cancerous cells may be addicted to glutamine, researchers can perhaps develop therapeutic treatments to eliminate this special class of tumor cells.  The challenge, however, is to create a drug that can target the glutamine used in the cancer cells, but leave the glutamine in normal, non-transformed cells untouched.

==Reference==
Wise, David R. and Thompson, Craig B. &quot;Glutamine Addiction: A new Therapeutic Target in Cancer&quot; Trends Biochem Sci. 2010 Aug; 35(8):427-33. Review. 

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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Calvin Cycle</title>
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      <text bytes="12627" sha1="795qcbfjd1einuuj3z8k1ek7l2h82ck" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
:Calvin Cycle is also known as the dark reaction part of the photosynthesis in which reduction of carbon atoms from carbon dioxide to a reduced state of hexose occurs by utilizing ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. Another reason why Calvin Cycle is known to be the dark reaction is because unlike light reactions, this reaction is independent of the presence of light. This cycle was first formed by Melvin Calvin. The Calvin Cycle uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide gas and water for photosynthetic organisms. This introduces all the carbon atoms used as a fuel source and as backbones of biomolecules in life. There are a lot of similarities between the Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Like mirror images of each other, the pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH by breaking down the glucose into carbon dioxide. Similarly, the Calvin Cycle reduces the carbon dioxide to generate hexoses using NADPH.
[[File:Calvin-cycle4.svg|center]]

=== Calvin Cycle Intermediate ===
Biochemists tried to figure out the mechanism of carbon dioxide fixation, believing that agricultural photosynthesis could be made more efficient. In each &quot;turn&quot; of the cycle, one molecule of carbon dioxide is condensed with the five-carbon sugar. The resulting six-carbon intermediate splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Besides, the water and the phosphate group are recycled during biosynthetic assimilation of G3P [An Evolving Science].

== Stages of Calvin Cycle ==
&lt;br /&gt;
The stages of Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic organelles. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Three stages include:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;1) Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate formed by fixation of carbon dioxide by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;''' 
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the beginning of this process, the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is converted into a highly reactive enediol intermediate. With the enediol intermediate, the carbon dioxide molecule is condensed into an unstable six-carbon compound. Rapidly, this unstable compound is hydrolyzed to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. This reaction is highly exergonic with the Gibbs free energy equalling to -51.9 kJ/mol. This is catalyzed by rubisco which is also known as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase, an enzyme found in the stromal surface of the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This reaction is very important because it is the rate-limiting step of the hexose synthesis. The structure of rubisco in chloroplasts contains eight large subunits (L, 55-kd) and eight small subunits (S, 13-kd). Each of the L subunits have a regulatory site and a catalytic site. Each of the S chains enhance L chains’ catalytic activities. Rubisco is known to be one of the most abundant enzymes and even the most abundant protein in the biosphere. Due to its slowness, rubisco must have large amounts present for the catalysis to work. 
&lt;br /&gt;
:- Rubisco: For activity, it requires a bound divalent metal ion, commonly magnesium ion. By stabilizing a negative charge, the magnesium ion serves to activate a bound substrate molecule. It requires a carbon dioxide molecule other than the substrate to conclude the assembly of the magnesium ion binding site in rubisco. This carbon dioxide molecule is added to the uncharged ε-amino group of lysine 201 which forms a carbamate. Then, the negatively charged adduct binds to the magnesium ion. Although the formation of the carbamate will form spontaneously at a lower rate, it is enabled by the enzyme rubisco activase. Magnesium ion plays an important role in binding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and activating it to react with carbon dioxide. Magnesium ion and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate bind together through its keto and adjacent hydroxyl group. The complex forms an enediolate intermediate through deprotonation. This reactive species couples with carbon dioxide and forms a new carbon-carbon bond. Including the newly formed carboxylate, the product is coordinated to the magnesium ion through three groups. An intermediate is formed when H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O is added to β-ketoacid which cleaves to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. 
&lt;br /&gt;
: - Rubisco also causes catalytic imperfection by catalyzing a wasteful oxygenase reaction. Instead of reacting with carbon dioxide, the magnesium ion sometimes reacts with O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; which catalyzes a deleterious oxygenase reaction. The resulting products of this reaction are 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. Just like the carboxylase reaction, this oxygenase reaction requires the lysine 201 to be in the carbamate form. However, rubisco is prohibited from catalyzing the oxygenase reaction when carbon dioxide is not present because the carbamate only forms when carbon dioxide is present. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;2) Hexose sugars formed by the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''
&lt;br /&gt;
The resulting product of rubisco, 3-phosphoglycerate, is converted into fructose 6-phosphate which isomerizes to glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. Mixture of three phosphorylated hexoses is known as hexose monophosphate pool. The reaction of this conversion is very similar to the gluconeogenic pathway, except that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is specific for NADPH rather than NADH which generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). Carbon dioxide is brought up to the level of a hexose by the product catalyzed by rubisco and these reactions. Then, carbon dioxide is converted into a chemical fuel at the expense of NADPH and ATP which are generated from the light reactions. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;3) Fixation of more carbon dioxide through the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''
&lt;br /&gt;
The last phase of the Calvin Cycle is the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which is the acceptor of carbon dioxide in the first phase. From six-carbon and three-carbon sugars, a five-carbon sugar must be constructed. In the process of rearranging the carbon atoms, transketolase and aldolase play a major role. The transketolase transfesr a two-carbon unit from a ketose to an aldose by utilizing the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). On the other hand, aldolase catalyzes an aldol condensation between an aldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Although this enzyme agrees with wide variety of aldehydes, it is very specific for dihydroxyacetone phosphates. In sum, when forming the five-carbon sugars, transketolase converts the three carbon and the six carbon sugars into a five carbon sugar and a four carbon sugar. The next process is when aldolase combines the four carbon sugar and a three carbon sugar to form a seven carbon sugar. The final step is that the seven carbon sugar reacts with another three-carbon sugar in order to form two more five carbon sugars. When the process for forming five carbon sugars are complete, ribose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by the phosphopentose isomerase. Meanwhile, xylulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by phosphopentose epimerase and ribulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by phosphoribulose kinase. The following reaction shows the overall sum: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;Fructose 6-phosphate + 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + 3 ATP → 3 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + 3 ADP&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Calvin cycle requires six rounds to be completed since in each round, one carbon atom is reduced. In order to phosphorylate 12 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 12 molecules of ATP are expended. In order to reduce 12 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 12 molecules are NADPH are consumed. This is the net reaction of the Calvin cycle: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;6 CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O → C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ADP + 18 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 12NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + 6H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Below shows a diagram of the net reaction of the Calvin cycle:
[[File:Calvin cycle overall.svg|framed|center]]


== Roles of Hexose ==
&lt;br /&gt;
In plants, there are two major storage forms of sugar which include starch and sucrose. Starch is very similar to its animal counterpart glycogen but has less branches since it has a smaller proportion of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages. Also, the activated precursor is ADP-glucose, not UDP-glucose. Starch is commonly known to be a polymer of glucose residues which is synthesized and stored in chloroplasts. Distinctly, sucrose, a disaccharide, is synthesized and stored in the cytoplasm. Plants are able to transport triose phosphates from the chloroplasts to the cytoplasm, but they lack the potential to transport hexose phosphates across the chloroplast membrane. In exchange for a phosphate through the phosphate translocator, the triose phosphate intermediates cross into the cytoplasm. From the triose phosphates, fructose 6-phosphate is formed which joins the glucose unit of UDP-glucose. This forms the sucrose 6-phosphate. The phosphate hydrolyzes and yields sucrose which is stored in many plant cells. 

=== Activation of Calvin Cycle ===
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulation occurs when the stromal environment alters by the light reactions. pH increases in the light reactions and concentrations of magnesium ion, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin. These changes help couple the Calvin cycle to the light reactions. Specifically, rubisco gets activated when the concentration of these molecules increases and the pH increases. Activity of rubisco increases because light creates the carbamate formation which is a necessity in enzyme activities. In the stroma, when the concentration of magnesium ion increases, the pH also increases from 7 to 8. From the thylakoid space, the magnesium ions are released in order to create the influx of protons into the stroma. Carbon dioxide is added to the rubisco’s deprotonated form of lysine 201 while magnesium ion is bound to the carbamate in order to generate enzyme’s active form. Therefore, the light generates the regulatory signals, ATP, and NADPH. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Thioredoxin&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the important molecule in regulating the Calvin cycle is known as thioredoxin. When thioredoxin is oxidized, it contains a disulfide bond. This disulfide bond is converted into two free sulfhydryl groups when the thioredoxin is reduced with the reduced ferredoxin. Reduced form of thioredoxin can cleave disulfide bonds in enzymes which activates some of the Calvin cycle enzymes and inactivates some of the degradative enzymes. Examples of enzymes that are regulated by thioredoxin include: rubisco, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phosphoribulose kinase, and NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-malate dehydrogenase. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Pathway&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By having a high concentration of carbon dioxide at the site of the Calvin cycle, plants are able to prevent very high rates of wasteful photorespiration when growing in hot climates.  The process behind this is that C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (four carbons) compounds carry carbon dioxide from mesophyll cells. Carbon dioxide is concentrated by the ATP in mesophyll cells in the bundle-sheath cells. This decarboxylation of C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; compounds in the bundle-sheath cells have the ability to maintain high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. The remaining three carbons are returned to the mesophyll cell to proceed another round of carboxylation. The transportation of the carbon dioxide in the C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; pathway begins inside the mesophyll cell when the carbon dioxide and phosphoenolpyruvate  is condensed to form oxaloacetate. This reaction is catalyzed by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. At times, by an NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; linked malate dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate may be converted into a malate. This malate enters the bundle-sheath cell and is decarboxylated inside the chloroplasts. By condensing the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the released carbon dioxide enters the Calvin cycle. In the last process, pyruvate by pyruvate-P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; dikinase forms the phosphoenolpyruvate. This is the C4 pathway net reaction: 
&lt;br /&gt;
CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (mesophyll cell) + ATP + 2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O -&gt; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (bundle-sheath cell) + AMP + 2 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 2 H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;


== References ==
&lt;br /&gt;
Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. Print.

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      <text bytes="12564" sha1="r88txk0hz7tmc7hzk93ggod1otaw50v" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
:Calvin Cycle is also known as the dark reaction part of the photosynthesis in which reduction of carbon atoms from carbon dioxide to a reduced state of hexose occurs by utilizing ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. Another reason why Calvin Cycle is known to be the dark reaction is because unlike light reactions, this reaction is independent of the presence of light. This cycle was first formed by Melvin Calvin. The Calvin Cycle uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide gas and water for photosynthetic organisms. This introduces all the carbon atoms used as a fuel source and as backbones of biomolecules in life. There are a lot of similarities between the Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Like mirror images of each other, the pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH by breaking down the glucose into carbon dioxide. Similarly, the Calvin Cycle reduces the carbon dioxide to generate hexoses using NADPH.
[[File:Calvin-cycle4.svg|center]]

=== Calvin Cycle Intermediate ===
Biochemists tried to figure out the mechanism of carbon dioxide fixation, believing that agricultural photosynthesis could be made more efficient. In each &quot;turn&quot; of the cycle, one molecule of carbon dioxide is condensed with the five-carbon sugar. The resulting six-carbon intermediate splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Besides, the water and the phosphate group are recycled during biosynthetic assimilation of G3P [An Evolving Science].

== Stages of Calvin Cycle ==
&lt;br /&gt;
The stages of Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic organelles. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Three stages include:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 1) Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate formed by fixation of carbon dioxide by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate===
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the beginning of this process, the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is converted into a highly reactive enediol intermediate. With the enediol intermediate, the carbon dioxide molecule is condensed into an unstable six-carbon compound. Rapidly, this unstable compound is hydrolyzed to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. This reaction is highly exergonic with the Gibbs free energy equalling to -51.9 kJ/mol. This is catalyzed by rubisco which is also known as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase, an enzyme found in the stromal surface of the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This reaction is very important because it is the rate-limiting step of the hexose synthesis. The structure of rubisco in chloroplasts contains eight large subunits (L, 55-kd) and eight small subunits (S, 13-kd). Each of the L subunits have a regulatory site and a catalytic site. Each of the S chains enhance L chains’ catalytic activities. Rubisco is known to be one of the most abundant enzymes and even the most abundant protein in the biosphere. Due to its slowness, rubisco must have large amounts present for the catalysis to work. 
&lt;br /&gt;
:- Rubisco: For activity, it requires a bound divalent metal ion, commonly magnesium ion. By stabilizing a negative charge, the magnesium ion serves to activate a bound substrate molecule. It requires a carbon dioxide molecule other than the substrate to conclude the assembly of the magnesium ion binding site in rubisco. This carbon dioxide molecule is added to the uncharged ε-amino group of lysine 201 which forms a carbamate. Then, the negatively charged adduct binds to the magnesium ion. Although the formation of the carbamate will form spontaneously at a lower rate, it is enabled by the enzyme rubisco activase. Magnesium ion plays an important role in binding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and activating it to react with carbon dioxide. Magnesium ion and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate bind together through its keto and adjacent hydroxyl group. The complex forms an enediolate intermediate through deprotonation. This reactive species couples with carbon dioxide and forms a new carbon-carbon bond. Including the newly formed carboxylate, the product is coordinated to the magnesium ion through three groups. An intermediate is formed when H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O is added to β-ketoacid which cleaves to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. 
&lt;br /&gt;
: - Rubisco also causes catalytic imperfection by catalyzing a wasteful oxygenase reaction. Instead of reacting with carbon dioxide, the magnesium ion sometimes reacts with O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; which catalyzes a deleterious oxygenase reaction. The resulting products of this reaction are 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. Just like the carboxylase reaction, this oxygenase reaction requires the lysine 201 to be in the carbamate form. However, rubisco is prohibited from catalyzing the oxygenase reaction when carbon dioxide is not present because the carbamate only forms when carbon dioxide is present. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 2) Hexose sugars formed by the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate ===
&lt;br /&gt;
The resulting product of rubisco, 3-phosphoglycerate, is converted into fructose 6-phosphate which isomerizes to glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. Mixture of three phosphorylated hexoses is known as hexose monophosphate pool. The reaction of this conversion is very similar to the gluconeogenic pathway, except that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is specific for NADPH rather than NADH which generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). Carbon dioxide is brought up to the level of a hexose by the product catalyzed by rubisco and these reactions. Then, carbon dioxide is converted into a chemical fuel at the expense of NADPH and ATP which are generated from the light reactions. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 3) Fixation of more carbon dioxide through the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate ===
&lt;br /&gt;
The last phase of the Calvin Cycle is the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which is the acceptor of carbon dioxide in the first phase. From six-carbon and three-carbon sugars, a five-carbon sugar must be constructed. In the process of rearranging the carbon atoms, transketolase and aldolase play a major role. The transketolase transfesr a two-carbon unit from a ketose to an aldose by utilizing the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). On the other hand, aldolase catalyzes an aldol condensation between an aldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Although this enzyme agrees with wide variety of aldehydes, it is very specific for dihydroxyacetone phosphates. In sum, when forming the five-carbon sugars, transketolase converts the three carbon and the six carbon sugars into a five carbon sugar and a four carbon sugar. The next process is when aldolase combines the four carbon sugar and a three carbon sugar to form a seven carbon sugar. The final step is that the seven carbon sugar reacts with another three-carbon sugar in order to form two more five carbon sugars. When the process for forming five carbon sugars are complete, ribose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by the phosphopentose isomerase. Meanwhile, xylulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by phosphopentose epimerase and ribulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by phosphoribulose kinase. The following reaction shows the overall sum: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;Fructose 6-phosphate + 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + 3 ATP → 3 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + 3 ADP&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Calvin cycle requires six rounds to be completed since in each round, one carbon atom is reduced. In order to phosphorylate 12 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 12 molecules of ATP are expended. In order to reduce 12 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 12 molecules are NADPH are consumed. This is the net reaction of the Calvin cycle: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;6 CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O → C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ADP + 18 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 12NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + 6H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Below shows a diagram of the net reaction of the Calvin cycle:
[[File:Calvin cycle overall.svg|framed|center]]

== Roles of Hexose ==
&lt;br /&gt;
In plants, there are two major storage forms of sugar which include starch and sucrose. Starch is very similar to its animal counterpart glycogen but has less branches since it has a smaller proportion of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages. Also, the activated precursor is ADP-glucose, not UDP-glucose. Starch is commonly known to be a polymer of glucose residues which is synthesized and stored in chloroplasts. Distinctly, sucrose, a disaccharide, is synthesized and stored in the cytoplasm. Plants are able to transport triose phosphates from the chloroplasts to the cytoplasm, but they lack the potential to transport hexose phosphates across the chloroplast membrane. In exchange for a phosphate through the phosphate translocator, the triose phosphate intermediates cross into the cytoplasm. From the triose phosphates, fructose 6-phosphate is formed which joins the glucose unit of UDP-glucose. This forms the sucrose 6-phosphate. The phosphate hydrolyzes and yields sucrose which is stored in many plant cells. 

=== Activation of Calvin Cycle ===
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulation occurs when the stromal environment alters by the light reactions. pH increases in the light reactions and concentrations of magnesium ion, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin. These changes help couple the Calvin cycle to the light reactions. Specifically, rubisco gets activated when the concentration of these molecules increases and the pH increases. Activity of rubisco increases because light creates the carbamate formation which is a necessity in enzyme activities. In the stroma, when the concentration of magnesium ion increases, the pH also increases from 7 to 8. From the thylakoid space, the magnesium ions are released in order to create the influx of protons into the stroma. Carbon dioxide is added to the rubisco’s deprotonated form of lysine 201 while magnesium ion is bound to the carbamate in order to generate enzyme’s active form. Therefore, the light generates the regulatory signals, ATP, and NADPH. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Thioredoxin&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the important molecule in regulating the Calvin cycle is known as thioredoxin. When thioredoxin is oxidized, it contains a disulfide bond. This disulfide bond is converted into two free sulfhydryl groups when the thioredoxin is reduced with the reduced ferredoxin. Reduced form of thioredoxin can cleave disulfide bonds in enzymes which activates some of the Calvin cycle enzymes and inactivates some of the degradative enzymes. Examples of enzymes that are regulated by thioredoxin include: rubisco, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phosphoribulose kinase, and NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-malate dehydrogenase. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Pathway&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By having a high concentration of carbon dioxide at the site of the Calvin cycle, plants are able to prevent very high rates of wasteful photorespiration when growing in hot climates.  The process behind this is that C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (four carbons) compounds carry carbon dioxide from mesophyll cells. Carbon dioxide is concentrated by the ATP in mesophyll cells in the bundle-sheath cells. This decarboxylation of C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; compounds in the bundle-sheath cells have the ability to maintain high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. The remaining three carbons are returned to the mesophyll cell to proceed another round of carboxylation. The transportation of the carbon dioxide in the C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; pathway begins inside the mesophyll cell when the carbon dioxide and phosphoenolpyruvate  is condensed to form oxaloacetate. This reaction is catalyzed by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. At times, by an NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; linked malate dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate may be converted into a malate. This malate enters the bundle-sheath cell and is decarboxylated inside the chloroplasts. By condensing the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the released carbon dioxide enters the Calvin cycle. In the last process, pyruvate by pyruvate-P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; dikinase forms the phosphoenolpyruvate. This is the C4 pathway net reaction: 
&lt;br /&gt;
CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (mesophyll cell) + ATP + 2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O -&gt; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (bundle-sheath cell) + AMP + 2 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 2 H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;


== References ==
&lt;br /&gt;
Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. Print.

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        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
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      <comment>/* = 3) Fixation of more carbon dioxide through the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate */</comment>
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      <text bytes="12563" sha1="3hdns6d490dh07bb2plbxwsyah2bvxk" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
:Calvin Cycle is also known as the dark reaction part of the photosynthesis in which reduction of carbon atoms from carbon dioxide to a reduced state of hexose occurs by utilizing ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. Another reason why Calvin Cycle is known to be the dark reaction is because unlike light reactions, this reaction is independent of the presence of light. This cycle was first formed by Melvin Calvin. The Calvin Cycle uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide gas and water for photosynthetic organisms. This introduces all the carbon atoms used as a fuel source and as backbones of biomolecules in life. There are a lot of similarities between the Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Like mirror images of each other, the pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH by breaking down the glucose into carbon dioxide. Similarly, the Calvin Cycle reduces the carbon dioxide to generate hexoses using NADPH.
[[File:Calvin-cycle4.svg|center]]

=== Calvin Cycle Intermediate ===
Biochemists tried to figure out the mechanism of carbon dioxide fixation, believing that agricultural photosynthesis could be made more efficient. In each &quot;turn&quot; of the cycle, one molecule of carbon dioxide is condensed with the five-carbon sugar. The resulting six-carbon intermediate splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Besides, the water and the phosphate group are recycled during biosynthetic assimilation of G3P [An Evolving Science].

== Stages of Calvin Cycle ==
&lt;br /&gt;
The stages of Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic organelles. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Three stages include:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 1) Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate formed by fixation of carbon dioxide by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate===
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the beginning of this process, the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is converted into a highly reactive enediol intermediate. With the enediol intermediate, the carbon dioxide molecule is condensed into an unstable six-carbon compound. Rapidly, this unstable compound is hydrolyzed to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. This reaction is highly exergonic with the Gibbs free energy equalling to -51.9 kJ/mol. This is catalyzed by rubisco which is also known as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase, an enzyme found in the stromal surface of the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This reaction is very important because it is the rate-limiting step of the hexose synthesis. The structure of rubisco in chloroplasts contains eight large subunits (L, 55-kd) and eight small subunits (S, 13-kd). Each of the L subunits have a regulatory site and a catalytic site. Each of the S chains enhance L chains’ catalytic activities. Rubisco is known to be one of the most abundant enzymes and even the most abundant protein in the biosphere. Due to its slowness, rubisco must have large amounts present for the catalysis to work. 
&lt;br /&gt;
:- Rubisco: For activity, it requires a bound divalent metal ion, commonly magnesium ion. By stabilizing a negative charge, the magnesium ion serves to activate a bound substrate molecule. It requires a carbon dioxide molecule other than the substrate to conclude the assembly of the magnesium ion binding site in rubisco. This carbon dioxide molecule is added to the uncharged ε-amino group of lysine 201 which forms a carbamate. Then, the negatively charged adduct binds to the magnesium ion. Although the formation of the carbamate will form spontaneously at a lower rate, it is enabled by the enzyme rubisco activase. Magnesium ion plays an important role in binding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and activating it to react with carbon dioxide. Magnesium ion and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate bind together through its keto and adjacent hydroxyl group. The complex forms an enediolate intermediate through deprotonation. This reactive species couples with carbon dioxide and forms a new carbon-carbon bond. Including the newly formed carboxylate, the product is coordinated to the magnesium ion through three groups. An intermediate is formed when H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O is added to β-ketoacid which cleaves to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. 
&lt;br /&gt;
: - Rubisco also causes catalytic imperfection by catalyzing a wasteful oxygenase reaction. Instead of reacting with carbon dioxide, the magnesium ion sometimes reacts with O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; which catalyzes a deleterious oxygenase reaction. The resulting products of this reaction are 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. Just like the carboxylase reaction, this oxygenase reaction requires the lysine 201 to be in the carbamate form. However, rubisco is prohibited from catalyzing the oxygenase reaction when carbon dioxide is not present because the carbamate only forms when carbon dioxide is present. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 2) Hexose sugars formed by the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate ===
&lt;br /&gt;
The resulting product of rubisco, 3-phosphoglycerate, is converted into fructose 6-phosphate which isomerizes to glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. Mixture of three phosphorylated hexoses is known as hexose monophosphate pool. The reaction of this conversion is very similar to the gluconeogenic pathway, except that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is specific for NADPH rather than NADH which generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). Carbon dioxide is brought up to the level of a hexose by the product catalyzed by rubisco and these reactions. Then, carbon dioxide is converted into a chemical fuel at the expense of NADPH and ATP which are generated from the light reactions. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 3) Fixation of more carbon dioxide through the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate ===
&lt;br /&gt;
The last phase of the Calvin Cycle is the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which is the acceptor of carbon dioxide in the first phase. From six-carbon and three-carbon sugars, a five-carbon sugar must be constructed. In the process of rearranging the carbon atoms, transketolase and aldolase play a major role. The transketolase transfesr a two-carbon unit from a ketose to an aldose by utilizing the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). On the other hand, aldolase catalyzes an aldol condensation between an aldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Although this enzyme agrees with wide variety of aldehydes, it is very specific for dihydroxyacetone phosphates. In sum, when forming the five-carbon sugars, transketolase converts the three carbon and the six carbon sugars into a five carbon sugar and a four carbon sugar. The next process is when aldolase combines the four carbon sugar and a three carbon sugar to form a seven carbon sugar. The final step is that the seven carbon sugar reacts with another three-carbon sugar in order to form two more five carbon sugars. When the process for forming five carbon sugars are complete, ribose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by the phosphopentose isomerase. Meanwhile, xylulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate by phosphopentose epimerase and ribulose 5-phosphate is converted into ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by phosphoribulose kinase. The following reaction shows the overall sum: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;Fructose 6-phosphate + 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + 3 ATP → 3 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + 3 ADP&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Calvin cycle requires six rounds to be completed since in each round, one carbon atom is reduced. In order to phosphorylate 12 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 12 molecules of ATP are expended. In order to reduce 12 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 12 molecules are NADPH are consumed. This is the net reaction of the Calvin cycle: 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;big&gt;6 CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O → C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; + 18 ADP + 18 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 12NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + 6H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Below shows a diagram of the net reaction of the Calvin cycle:
[[File:Calvin cycle overall.svg|framed|center]]

== Roles of Hexose ==
&lt;br /&gt;
In plants, there are two major storage forms of sugar which include starch and sucrose. Starch is very similar to its animal counterpart glycogen but has less branches since it has a smaller proportion of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages. Also, the activated precursor is ADP-glucose, not UDP-glucose. Starch is commonly known to be a polymer of glucose residues which is synthesized and stored in chloroplasts. Distinctly, sucrose, a disaccharide, is synthesized and stored in the cytoplasm. Plants are able to transport triose phosphates from the chloroplasts to the cytoplasm, but they lack the potential to transport hexose phosphates across the chloroplast membrane. In exchange for a phosphate through the phosphate translocator, the triose phosphate intermediates cross into the cytoplasm. From the triose phosphates, fructose 6-phosphate is formed which joins the glucose unit of UDP-glucose. This forms the sucrose 6-phosphate. The phosphate hydrolyzes and yields sucrose which is stored in many plant cells. 

=== Activation of Calvin Cycle ===
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulation occurs when the stromal environment alters by the light reactions. pH increases in the light reactions and concentrations of magnesium ion, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin. These changes help couple the Calvin cycle to the light reactions. Specifically, rubisco gets activated when the concentration of these molecules increases and the pH increases. Activity of rubisco increases because light creates the carbamate formation which is a necessity in enzyme activities. In the stroma, when the concentration of magnesium ion increases, the pH also increases from 7 to 8. From the thylakoid space, the magnesium ions are released in order to create the influx of protons into the stroma. Carbon dioxide is added to the rubisco’s deprotonated form of lysine 201 while magnesium ion is bound to the carbamate in order to generate enzyme’s active form. Therefore, the light generates the regulatory signals, ATP, and NADPH. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Thioredoxin&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the important molecule in regulating the Calvin cycle is known as thioredoxin. When thioredoxin is oxidized, it contains a disulfide bond. This disulfide bond is converted into two free sulfhydryl groups when the thioredoxin is reduced with the reduced ferredoxin. Reduced form of thioredoxin can cleave disulfide bonds in enzymes which activates some of the Calvin cycle enzymes and inactivates some of the degradative enzymes. Examples of enzymes that are regulated by thioredoxin include: rubisco, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phosphoribulose kinase, and NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-malate dehydrogenase. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Pathway&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By having a high concentration of carbon dioxide at the site of the Calvin cycle, plants are able to prevent very high rates of wasteful photorespiration when growing in hot climates.  The process behind this is that C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (four carbons) compounds carry carbon dioxide from mesophyll cells. Carbon dioxide is concentrated by the ATP in mesophyll cells in the bundle-sheath cells. This decarboxylation of C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; compounds in the bundle-sheath cells have the ability to maintain high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. The remaining three carbons are returned to the mesophyll cell to proceed another round of carboxylation. The transportation of the carbon dioxide in the C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; pathway begins inside the mesophyll cell when the carbon dioxide and phosphoenolpyruvate  is condensed to form oxaloacetate. This reaction is catalyzed by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. At times, by an NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; linked malate dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate may be converted into a malate. This malate enters the bundle-sheath cell and is decarboxylated inside the chloroplasts. By condensing the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the released carbon dioxide enters the Calvin cycle. In the last process, pyruvate by pyruvate-P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; dikinase forms the phosphoenolpyruvate. This is the C4 pathway net reaction: 
&lt;br /&gt;
CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (mesophyll cell) + ATP + 2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O -&gt; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (bundle-sheath cell) + AMP + 2 P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; + 2 H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;


== References ==
&lt;br /&gt;
Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Hippo Signaling Pathway</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282612</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640787</id>
      <parentid>4343227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:04:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="7822" sha1="61ksd0idumix6eimslaafevazo758gz" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==

Many pathways have been evolved from metazoans, or animals, that regulate organ as well as organism size. The main pathway that is described here is the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway, known more commonly as Hippo. Scientists have done research on the Hippo pathway for the past 8 years and have noticed a complex network of signals and levels of modularity. There is a large amount of the WW module in the core kinase of Hippo, the components of upstream regulation as well as the nuclear proteins involved in the downstream movement. This WW domain can help predict new pathways and their components. 

==History and Description of the Hippo Pathway==
[[File:Biology_Illustration_Animals_Insects_Drosophila_melanogaster.svg |left|thumbnail|Drosophila melanogaster, a species of fly, was used in the lab to examine their tissues and observe the Hpo pathway.]]

The Hippo pathway, abbreviated as Hpo pathway, was discovered about a decade ago. From observing Drosophila tissues that had mutations, scientists discovered that there was a set of genes that could be isolated where the mutated tissues could grow to larger sizes. The proteins that encode these genes were included in two kinases, the Hpo and Warts (Wts), as well as a protein involved in scaffolding known as Salvador (Sav). These three proteins interacted with one another and made up the core composition of the Hippo pathway that will be later referred to as Hpo kinase cassette. The pathway also included a nuclear effector called Yorkie, a downstream transcription factor called Scalloped, and upstream regulators such as receptors of membrane spans. The Hpo pathway is mostly found in flies and mammals. Hpo pathways have also been researched in the fields of homeostasis, stem cells and cancer. 

[[File:Apoptosis DU145 cells mosaic.jpg|thumbnail|A real microscopic view of apoptosis in cells.]]


Even when it was first discovered up until today, the Hpo pathway has been quite the topic of research. The Hpo pathway has been determined as a tumor suppressor pathway that can restrict the growth of cancer cells and promote apoptosis or cell death of these unwanted cells. Hpo kinase cassette can be regulated by many upstream regulators or proteins. An example of an upstream regulator protein is the complex of membrane span receptors, Ft and Ds. The external areas of these proteins can be exerted onto cells that are next to the proteins and the cell and protein can interact. Once a downstream signal is activated, the protein is stabilized and the cell becomes localized. The Ft protein can be cleaved into two fragments with one fragment homodimerizing and the other fragment heterodimerizing. Ft, however, opposes a myosin protein that activates Yorkie, the nuclear effector and destabilizes the Wts (Warts protein) which is one of the major components of the Hippo pathway. There are other proteins that can act similarly to Ft and Ds. These are known as Kibra, Ex and Merlin (Mer) which make up the KEM complex. Kibra is involved mainly in the WW domain, which is a domain that consists of two tryptophans that can bind peptides that are abundant in proline. On the other hand, Ex and Mer are involved in the FERM domain, which is involved in localizing proteins to the plasma membrane. These proteins, Kibra, Ex and Mer can be localized in the apical junction of flies (Drosophila) and their epithelial cells. The proteins can also interact with one another, as suspected. The KEM complex, however, can use part of the Hpo pathway to activate its proteins towards the apical membrane of the fly. KEM complex proteins can also interact or signal proteins that are involved in the upstream pathway of Hpo such as Ft and Ds. 


[[File:Phosphorylated serine.png|left|thumb|This is a phosphorylated molecule containing a serine end. This molecule is important in protein phosphorylation.]]
Ultimately, the Hpo pathway has four core proteins: Hpo, Wts, Sav and Mats and are considered the conserved Hpo kinase cassette. Hpo and Wts are kinases that are attracted to serine and threonine. Their enzymes can be activated by phosphorylation. Also, autophosphorylation can activate Hpo which then phosphorylates Wts, Sav and Mats in their respective order. Sav is a protein that can scaffold or assemble Hpo and Wts together in order to facilitate the process of phosphorylation of Wts by Hpo. This Hpo core kinase cassette is conserved in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans. 


Hpo pathways depend on their nuclear effectors which are different for flies and humans. For flies, the effector is Yorkie, but for humans the effectors are YAP (Yes kinase-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding, also known as WW domain containing transcription regulator (WWTR1)). Yorkie can be phosphorylated by activating Wts in flies; meanwhile YAP can be phosphorylated by LATS 1/2 which are large tumor suppressor kinases. Because Yorkie and YAP are transcriptional co-activators, they can be inhibited by mediated cytoplasmic retention when they are phosphorylated. LATS 1/2 phosphorylation of YAP begins at the serine end of the molecule and recruits a ligase that triggers the degradation of YAP. When Yorkie is not in the cytoplasm, it can activate transcription factors such as Sd, Homothorasx (Hth), and Teashirt (Tsh). In humans, YAP can activate Sd orthologues in the TEA domain and the internal region of a mammalian homolog of avian erythroblastosis virus oncogene receptor.

==Other Regulators of the Hippo Pathway==

[[File:Protein NF2 PDB 1h4r.png |right|thumb|The structure of Merlin, one of the proteins of the KEM complex.]]

The Merlin (Mer) protein is one regulator that can shuttle from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and Mer can then exert signals that suppress proliferation of cells. This can have a function in the KEM complex. The Hpo pathway in humans was suspected to possibly be regulated by Merlin just as expected in flies. However, there was no regulation by Merlin in humans and the MST2 signal was never present in the extra cellular signal regulated kinase pathway. MST2, derived from Merlin, might not act as a tumor suppressor but just as a positive regulator of proliferation unlike the Hpo proteins.

==Modularity==

Modularity means that homologous structures are being reused by individuals as well as species. A module is not only a structure but can also be a process or pathway that is characterized by internal integration. The WW domain mediates protein interactions and can be used by components of the Hpo pathway.

==WW domain==

[[File:PDB 1pin EBI.jpg|left|thumb|This is a picture of a protein in the WW domain.]]

This domain is quite small, and probably one of the smallest modular protein domains existing. The domain has a pattern of imperfect repitition of 38 amino acids in a spliced isomeric form of YAP called YAP2. These 38 amino acids were added by the process of splicing to YAP, which already had a copy of the semiconserved sequence. This sequence showed that there were two conserved tryptophans that were about 22 amino acids apart. There have been approximately one hundred WW domains identified in humans. This domain can fold as a compact beta sheet and is stable when there are no ligands or cofactors. Some ligands can be present causing instability. These ligands were proline rich. Furthermore, there is an upstream complex that is made of kibra and merlin in humans but known as KEM in flies that can integrate signals that have not been categorized into the Hpo kinase cassette. There are many modular protein domains that can determine the Hpo pathway and its components.

==Reference==
Sudol, M. and Harvey, KF. Modularity in Hippo signaling pathway. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010, Nov. 35(11):627-33. Epub 2010 Jul 2. Review.

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Immune Signaling</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640789</id>
      <parentid>3563430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:05:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <text bytes="2853" sha1="0ls77ckmc1jxcxdfu5u36z991fxulfh" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==

In immune system, the signal for cells leads to activation of different cell specific immune activities. Ligands that binds with receptors on the cell-membrane of immune systems to trigger reactions, signal transductions. Cytokines are secreted by immune cells in response to cellular signaling, and bind to specific membrane receptors, which then signal the cell via second messengers, often tyrosine kinases, to alter cellular activity (gene expression). Interleukins comprise the largest class of cytokines, and are manufactured by one leukocyte to act on other leukocytes as signaling ligands. Cytokines are often produced in cascades.&lt;ref&gt;http://signaling-receptor.blogspot.com/2007/12/immune-signaling.html&lt;/ref&gt; Immunes signaling serves a variety of functions. There are two types of immune systems, including innate immunes system and adaptive immune system.

==Different Types of Cytokine Receptors&lt;ref&gt;http://signaling-receptor.blogspot.com/2007/12/immune-signaling.html&lt;/ref&gt;== 
[[File:Signal transduction pathways.svg|thumbnail|Signal transduction]]
* Hematopoietin family receptors
* Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
* Interferon family receptors
* Tumor Necrosis Factor family receptors
* Chemokine family receptors

==Immune Signaling in Innate Immune System==

The innate immune system, known as non-specific immune system and first line of defense, defends the host from infection by other antigen in a non-specific manner. It means that the cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are a class of innate immune response-expressed proteins that respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and endogenous stress signals termed danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The evolutionarily more recent adaptive immune response employs diverse surface receptors that display decremental binding affinities for epitope stimuli.

[[File:Antibody illustration.svg|thumbnail|right|An antibody is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains. The unique variable region allows an antibody to recognize its matching antigen.]]

==Immune Signaling in Adaptive Immune System==

Unlike the innate immune system, it confers long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Antigens act as ligands for BCR, while epitope peptide•MHC complexes act as ligands for TCR. Hematopoietic growth factors stimulate cell division in immune and blood cell lines.&lt;ref&gt;http://signaling-receptor.blogspot.com/2007/12/immune-signaling.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reference ==

1. http://signaling-receptor.blogspot.com/2007/12/immune-signaling.html

2. Kagan, J.C, Signaling Organelles of the Innate Immune System, Volume 151, Issue 6, 7 December 2012, Pages 1168–1178

{{reflist}}

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282773</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640790</id>
      <parentid>3653120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:07:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4621" sha1="acmmekhs17xl0nr0i06hpcomym03o92" xml:space="preserve">==Overview==

Adiposity and adipocyte hyperplasia are promoted by an excessive intake of calories without allowing energy expenditure to rise.  This rise in the number of adipocyte is caused by signaling factors that are induced by mesenchymal stem cells conversion, also known as MSC.  Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited from adipose tissues of vascular stroma.  This provides adipocyte precursors an unlimited supply.   Producing preadipocytes are committed by stem cell mediators from the members of Wnt and BMP families.  Following this commitment, growth-arrested preadipocytes are exposed to inducers of differentiation.  These inducers are cAMP, which are cyclic AMP, glucocorticoid, and IGF1, which is insulin-like growth factor.  They can trigger replication of DNA and reenter into the cell cycle of mitotic clonal expansion.  This expansion needs a cascade of transcription factor, followed by adipocyte gene expression.  Phosphorylation of transcription factor gives rise to the activity of DNA-binding.

==The Adipocyte==
'''Origin:''' Adipocytes are developed pluripotent stem cells called MSCs. MSCs originated in adipose tissues as well as bone marrow, where development initially causes these cells to develop into preadipocytes. Upon evolving into preadiposites, the pre-specialized cells then go through mitosis several times via mitotic clonal expansion. With this expansion, there is a generation of many preadipocytes which eventually differentiate into fully functional adipocytes. One of the most studied preadipocytes is 3T3-L1, which is reliable in showing the historical transformation of the preadipocyte from a stem cell.

'''Adipocyte function:''' The adipocyte has endocrine-like functions such as the secretion of hormones and cytokines that directly influence bodily metabolism functions. These hormones include leptin, which helps the body limit energy storage once adipose tissues are at their maximum capacity, as well as adiponectin, which influences the hypothalamus in terms of digestive and food intake. Because adipocytes directly influence adipose tissue, adipocyte hormones also have an indirect influence over sympathetic nervous system hormones in the central nervous system, controlling hormones that regulate fat production (a cascading pathway).

==Stem Cell To Preadipocyte==
The stroma of adipose tissues contains a vast culture of MSC stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into functional adipocytes. Among the MSCs that can differentiate into adipocytes are C2H101/2, which also has the capability to differentiate into myocytes and osteocytes. 
Inhibitors and Promoters of Differentiation: BMP4 and BMP2 are bone morphogenetic proteins that have been known to help progress the MSC stem cells from developing into adipocytes (or at least preadipocytes). BMP4 allows for stem cells to turn into adipocytes by interfering with the DNA methylation process of stem cells, allowing for commitment of differentiation into adipocytes. On the other hand, Wnt10b inhibits the MSC stem cells from becoming an adipocyte due to the fact that Wnt10b differentiates the stem cell into osteogenesis/myogenesis (although some Wnt proteins have been known to help the stem cell commit into forming into an adipocyte). Another adipocyte formation inhibitor has been known to be Hh ligands, which performs Hedgehog signaling. Hedgehog signaling inhibits the formation of adipocytes by decreasing the amount of fat that can be stored in the cytoplasm, resulting in reduced fat mass and less of a need for new adipocytes.

==Preadipocyte to Full Adipocyte==
Induction: Preadipocytes are ready to fully differentiate into adipocytes when they reach their “growth arrest” state, also known as the G1 phase in the normal cell cycle. Inducers and inducing conditions, such as high concentrations of insulin, dexamethasone, and low IGF1 levels, then further differentiate the cell by activating a series of pathways, such as cAMP-signaling pathways, as well as glucocorticoids. With inducers, the “growth arrested” preadipocyte is forced back into the normal cell cycle, and continue to differentiate. By going through the cell cycle, the preadipocyte perofmes mitotic clonal expansion, further differentiating the cell. Upon completing the cell cycle once more, the preadipocyte loses their fibroblasts, and obtain cytoplasmic triglyceride as well as common traits as well as structures for a fully fledged adipocyte.


==References==

Adipogenesis: from stem cell to adipocyte.  Tang QQ, Lane MD.  Annu Rev Biochem. 2012;81:715-36. Epub 2012 Mar 29. Review.

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Type IV Pili</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640792</id>
      <parentid>3117657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:08:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <text bytes="4218" sha1="4t2z8o9zxatfaax0x6wre3f0bl3git2" xml:space="preserve">'''Type IV pili''' is a type of pili that uses twitching motility as a means of bacterial movement rather than the more common swimming motility. These pili are generally located at the poles of a bacterial cell. The usage of type IV pili as a means of transportation is predominantly seen in bacterial colonies in which twitching motility is present. Isolated cells that are not located to any inert surfaces have not been observed to use type IV pili. Movement reversals often times are related to alternating usage of type IV pili at opposite poles of the bacteria cell. This is better known as twitching motility. 

==Twitching Motility==
Movement resulting from type IV pili is often observed to be sporadic and erratic rather than the smoother swimming motility. The principle force behind twitching motility results from pili retraction. Pili retraction on a cell are independent from each other. Movement via type IV pili is described as being similar to a “grappling hook” because type IV pili are too flexible to be used to push and propel a cell forward. Twitching motility is predominantly observed in a colonial setting. Colonies of cells use type IV pili and the proximity of neighboring cells as a means to move as a whole.

==Function==
Type IV pili bind to inert surfaces through ambiguous and unclear adhesion at the tip of the structure. The adhesion resulting from the contact of type IV pili and a surface are not significant, weak, and only occur at the tips of the pili. On the other hand, type IV pili bind to mammalian cells and other cell types through specific receptors. These receptors bind with the tip of the pili. However, there are many structural variations of type IV pili, which results in different binding specificities. Essentially, binding varies based on the structural variation of the pili itself as well as the receptors of that which it is attempting to bind to. Pili retraction can be attributed to a protein that is specific to type IV pili known as PilT. It is believed that when pili retract, the pili are partially disassembled into smaller subunits. This action, the disassembly of the pili, is controlled by PilT. Likewise, PilT is responsible for pilin degredation. Type IV pili can bind to either surfaces or other cells. Specifically, type IV pili form a sort of “grappling hook” for the bacteria cell, in which the cell can pull itself around using the curved pili. As such, a proximity to other objects is an important aspect of using type IV pili. Studies of ''P. aeruginosa'' have indicated that the retraction of type IV pili seems to be partially reflexive. Specifically, exposure to an attachable surface has resulted in the retraction of the type IV pili, even if the pili was not directly attached to the cell.

==Structure==
Type IV pili are 5-7 nanometers in width and multiple micrometers in length. Type IV pili are predominantly composed of a small subunit known as pilin. Pilin is a protein that is 145-160 amino acids in length, depending on the species. The majority of the pilin is hydrophilic and experience structural variation. Structural variation of type IV pili is thought to occur as a result of changes in the environment, changes in the behavior and the needs of the host cell, changes in selection pressure from bacteriophages, and evolutionary drift. Through analysis of three-dimensional models of the crystal structure of different bacteria, pilin is shown to be extremely assymetrical. Pilin contain an alpha helical spine, which contain a sugar portion, an anti-parallel beta sheet, and a c-terminal beta sheet. This structure is stabilized through the existence of disulfide bridges and the attractive close-range forces of nearby residues. Another key characteristic of type IV pili is the fact that the pilin of one bacteria is often times interchangeable with the pilin of another bacteria. Though variation occurs in type IV pili, all type IV pili have extremely similar quarternary structures and fairly similar tertiary structures.

==References==
Mattick JS. ''Type IV pili and twitching motility.'' Annual Review of Microbiology. 2002;56:289-314. Epub 2002 Jan 30. PMID 12142488. Accessed 2012 Dec 6.

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Germ Cell Tumor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640795</id>
      <parentid>3117459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:13:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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==Definition==
A germ cell tumor is characterized by the abnormal increase of germ cells, also known as a neoplasm of germ cells. Typically, germ cells are found within the gonads. When germ cell tumors originate outside of the gonads, it is usually due to birth defects, which results from errors from embryo development. 

==Classification==
 
The germ cell tumor is usually classified by its histology, and is split into two classes:
*'''Germinomatous germ cell tumors''' (GGCT), also known as seminomatous germ cell tumors (SGCT) include mainly germinoma, dysgerminoma, and seminoma. The survival rate of the GGCT tend to be higher due to the fact that they are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.
*'''Nongerminomatous germ cell tumors''' (NGGCT), also known as nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) include the other germ cell tumors that can either be pure or mixed. Nongerminomatous tumors develop faster than germinomatous tumors and have an earlier mean age at the time of diagnosis. Individuals affected by NGGCTs have an average of 5 year survival rate.

==Signs and Symptoms==

Germ cell tumors typically vary in symptoms depending on their type and location

==Gonadal Tumors==

*'''Ovarian''': Ovarian germ cell tumors are hard to detect and typically grows to a relatively large size before symptoms can be seen. Swelling in the abdomen is a possible sign in the later stages of this cancer.
*'''Testicular''': Testicular tumors can be detected during the early stages due to the fact that they are noticeable in the scrotum and can cause pain. &lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;

==Extragonadal Tumors==

*'''Mediastinum Tumors''': Mediastinum tumors are located within the cavity that contains the heart, trachea, connective tissues, thymus, and large blood vessels. These tumors usually cause chest pain, coughing, fever, and breathing problems.
*'''Presacral Tumors''': Presacral tumors are located in areas above or on the dorsal side of the sacral bone of the hip. This type of germ cell tumor usually appears as a mass in the lower abdomen of a child. It can cause difficulty in passing urine or enabling bowel movement. In some cases, it can create difficulty in walking. 
*'''Pineal Gland Tumors''': The pineal gland is a small-sized gland located in the middle of the brain, usually causing symptoms by pressing directly on parts of the brain or interfering with the normal flow of the fluids within it. Symptoms of this germ cell tumor include headache, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, lethargy, difficulty walking, an inability to look upward, double vision, and uncontrolled eye movements. &lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;
*'''Sacrococcygeal Tumors''': Sacrococcygeal tumors are located near the tailbone or the distal end of the spinal column. It is the most common tumor affecting newborns, and can sometimes be visible from the outside of the body. 

==Treatment==
A majority of patients diagnosed with a germ cell tumor is treated with combination chemotherapy for 3 cycles. The most frequently used chemotherapy regimen for germ cell tumors is known as PEB, and contains antineoplastic, etoposide, and bleomycin. 

Women with germ cell tumors are usually cured through the process of oophorectomy or ovarian cystectomy. Staging surgery is usually done for those with epithelial ovarian cancer. 

==References==
# “Germ Cell Tumors Signs and Symptoms.” UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital &lt;http://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/germ_cell_tumors/signs_and_symptoms.html &gt;
# Treatment for germ cell tumors of the ovary at American Cancer Society. Last Medical Review: 12/05/2011. Last Revised: 01/11/2012

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Nitric Oxide and CGMP Response</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640791</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:07:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <comment>/* Reference */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7993" sha1="h7kzq9pa3fdvv5d8k092ypcy20h0xjc" xml:space="preserve">Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the biological system as a vital signaling molecule. In mammalian physiology, this gaseous molecule functions as the primary activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. When coupled with enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), synthesis of NO is derived from L-arginina and oxygen (O2). NO binds to the heme cofactor of SGc after diffusing across the cell membrane. From this, sGC can only form a stable structure with NO and carbon monoxide (CO), but not with O2. The binding of sGC with NO results in a substantial increase in cGMP levels in the system. The second messenger then modifies phosphodiesterases (PDEs), gated-ion channels, or cGMP-dependent protein kinases to maintain physiological tasks , such as platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and neurotransmission. In pursuit of therapeutic intervention in diseases concerning the NO/cGMP-sginaling pathway, many studies have been centered on the explication of sGC activation/deactivation. This article condenses the contemporary knowledge of sGC form and function as well as recent works in NO signaling.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Following the discovery of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophos-phate (NO/cGMP) pathway in the 1980s, cGMP production has stimulated with the clinical administration of organic nitrites, specifically glycerol trinitrate (GTN). These compounds relieve the pain following angina by soothing vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation. During the past years, studies concerned the mechanism of smooth muscle relation by these compounds, which gave rise to the discovery of NO as a signaling molecule. In addition, this also led to the discovery of the enzymes that synthesize NO and cGMP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

It has been shown that both cytosolic and particulate fractions of mammalian tissue exhibit guanylate cyclase activity. Within these particulate fractions are membrane-bound particulate guanylate cyclases that are activated by natriuretic peptides (reviewed in References 3 and 4). In contrast, cytosolic fractions contain soluble guanylate cyclases (sGCs) that are activated by NO. NO-responsive guanylate cyclase activity is also exhibited within the cell membranes of certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle and brain, as well as in platelets (5-7). Most tissues contain Guanylate cyclases, while the protein distribution in these tissues are isoform specific. Because localized groups of the signaling compound can be synthesized within specific types of tissues and in closeness to either soluble or membrane bound cGMP receptors, this provides another reason to regulate cGMP-dependent responses. Therefore, specific tissues can control cGMP levels by expressing unique GC isoforms, which have distinct peptide receptors/ligand activators. In addition, during human and mouse vascular homeostasis (8), a reciprocal communication between particulate guanylate cyclase and sGC has been. It is likely that communication between these two pathways is performed through several processes involving cGMP. In eukaroytic individuals, NO signaling is marked by the initial release of calcium, then the binding of a calcium/calmodulin complex to nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which causes the enzyme to be activated. Then, following NO synthesis, it diffuses into target cells and binds to the heme in sGC. sGC is a histidine-ligated hemoprotein that binds NO and carbon monoxide (CO), but not oxygen (O2). As a result, cGMP synthesis increases several hundredfold.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Over time, development of a cost-effective technique for cGS purification has progressed little, but several techniques have been developed to yield about a microgram of the homogeneous product. Primarily, cGS extraction derived from rat and bovine tissues. In the 1980s, purifies sGC for studies was obtained from rat lung, liver as well as bovine lung. Regardless, it was observed that sGC could be purified without the heme cofactor, depending on the purification method. The use of ammonium sulfate precipitation and solubilizing agents can lead to misfolding protein synthesis. Heme reconstruction of this misfiled protein produces a unique sGC that is biochemically different from the native protein. Currently, the bovine lung sGC method is the most effective and efficient method of isolating heme-bound protein from source tissue. For one kilogram of lung, these is a 1 mg protein yield. In further advancement, sGC production advanced from the progress of heterologous expression systems for recombinant sGC expression.  COS-7 cells was used for the first successful heterologous expression system. The establishment of sGC as an obligate heterodimer containing both alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits was achieved despite the low sGC from COS-7 cells. In addition, COS-7 cells were used to examine truncations and mutants of sGC through lysate activity assays. The first procedure to separate pure recombinant protein was the overexpression of ratsGC inside insect cells with the Sf9/baculovirus expression system. sGC expression in insect cells became successful without an affinity tag, but recent techniques require a His tag to accomplish the purification process. Most of the protein is insoluble. From this method, there is a 0.2-0.4 mg yield of pure soluble protein per liter of culture. Up to date, this is now commonly used to obtain purified rat and human of pure protein per liter of culture. Another method using an E. coli expression system was used for heterodimer, Manduca sexta. It produces (0.5-1.0 mg/liter) of only partially pure protein of full length. Higher yield were obtained using the truncation of the C terminus of the alpha one and beta one subunits. Although the resulting heterodimeric proteins cannot cyclize GTP, they can still be purified to homogenitiy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

The structure of heterodimeric sGC contains two homologous subunits, alpha and beta. Most studies focus on the isoform, alpha-one beta-one protein although alpha-two and beta-two subunits have also been discovered. Initially, these proteins existed only in mammals, but also in insects like Drosophila melanogaster and M. sexta, and in fish. In mammals, humans, rats and cows, the localization of the alpha and beta subunit has been studied. By techniques of Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the alpha-two subunit is less available than the alpha-one and beta-one counterparts. It is highly present in the brain, colon, heart, spleen lung, placenta and unteres. Studies have shown that with purified protein, the alpha-two beta-one heterodimer has ligand-binding character that is completely similar the alpha-one beta-one heterodimer, but a spliced variant of the alpha-two subunit combines to form a dimer with the beta-one subunit to make an chemically inactive complex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Currently, several studies in mice show the importance of various sGC isoforms for physiological function. It seems that the mice lacking the sGC beta-one subunit displayed high blood-pressure, low heart rate and gastrointestinal contractility disorder. In addition, removal of the beta-one subunit within smooth muscle cells causes loss of the protein in these cells like the hypertension in the knockout mice. In general, deletion of the beta-one subunit tends to be viewed as a global sGC knockout because the alpha-one and beta-one are not compatible heterodimers with beta-two.sGC alpha-one and alpha-two knockout mice were also made. Here, both proteins were discovered to be vital for long-term potentiation, and vasodilation, the contraction of blood vessels in smooth muscle tissue. Studies have shown that the alpha-one subunit-deficient mice have had both alpha-subunits to be participation of colon tissue. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

== Reference ==
Structure and regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase.  Derbyshire ER, Marletta MA.  Annu Rev Biochem. 2012;81:533-59. Epub 2012 Feb 9. Review.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Heparan Sulfate</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282886</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640785</id>
      <parentid>4374588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:02:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <text bytes="3688" sha1="ejpuhfu6vh2pcbunp2x6qxds0vrzmoz" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==
Heparan Sulfate molecules are found on the surface of the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues. It occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. A proteoglyan is a protein that is heavily glycosylated Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans achieve are involved in development, homeostasis, and pathological processes. For example the mediation of cytokine-induced cell signaling. Their effect is achieved by interaction with different types of ligands. 
[[Image:Heparan_sulfate.png|thumb|right|300px|The Hepran Sulfate Subunit.]]

==Synthesis of Hepran Sulfide==
The synthesis begins with the formation of a polysaccharide-protein linkage region. A four-unit sugar is attached to a serine residue at the core of the protein. The sugar is then extended by the addition of either d-acetylglucosamine or d-acetylglactosamine and d-glucuronic acid residues. This forms Heparan Sulfate structures.

==Hepran Sulfate and Growth Factors==
One of the most important roles of Hepran Sulfate is the meditation of growth factors and their cognate receptors. It is proposed that heparan sulfate participates in the signaling process by acting as a fine-tuner for the process, this has been prototipically demonstrated in the fibroblast GF, or FGF, family. In this family heparan sulfate acts as a necessary coreceptor.
==HS and Human Disease==
Somatic overgrowth can occur in patients with mutations in the HS polymerase genes. It is thought that because of the interactions with HS and growth controls, HS might act as tumor suppressor if it is functioning properly. Mutations affecting the biosynthesis of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are the cause of several human 
hereditary diseases. 
===Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome===
It has been shown that a member of the glypican family of membrane proteoglycans, GPC3, is mutated in human patients that suffer from Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS), an X-linked disorder that is associated with developmental tissue overgrowth and with a high incidence of neuroblastomas and  wilm's tumors. On the basis of an analysis of GPC3 mutations, it has been proposed that SGBS is probably caused by a lack of functional GPC3 protein, which is supported by the defects shown in GPC3-deficient mice. Although the mechanism by which changes in glypican function lead to cancer is unknown, tumour progression has been found to be associated with changes in the expression of GPC3, and increases in the expression of another member of the glypican family, GPC1, have been observed in cervical and pancreatic cancers.
====Hereditary Multiple Exotoses====
In this disease, benign tumors derive from the growth plates of endochondral bones. These tumors later become malignant. Interestingly, the cause is the mutations of EXT1 or EXT2 genes that encode the HS polymerase genes. 
====Inflamation and Tissue Repair====
Major growth factors involved in skin wound repair are HB-EGF and FGF-2. This is achieved by the binding of HS to the FGF-2. When tissue is injured, neurotil heparanase is excreted the wound area to degrade the inhibition of the heparin sulfate chains. These HS chain inhibition is eliminated, HSD is liberated and stimulates FGF-2 to promote repair.
==Sources==
1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872465
Functions of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
Bernfield M, Götte M, Park PW, Reizes O, Fitzgerald ML, Lincecum J, Zako M.
Division of Developmental and Newborn Biology, Children's Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. bernfield@a1.tch.harvard.edu
2)

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Cells Transforming Energy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297626</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640776</id>
      <parentid>3117388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T10:47:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <text bytes="2891" sha1="tegox5sc6l7hlu8f2n3aqpl52uwtk4f" xml:space="preserve">== Cells Turn Nutrients into Usable Energy ==

Cells manage a wide range of functions in their tiny package — growing, moving, housekeeping, and so on — and most of those functions require energy. Cellular nutrients come in many forms, including sugars and fats. In order to provide a cell with energy, these molecules have to pass across the cell membrane, which functions as a barrier — but not an impassable one. Like the exterior walls of a house, the plasma membrane is semi-permeable. In much the same way that doors and windows allow necessities to enter the house, various proteins that span the cell membrane permit specific molecules into the cell, although they may require some energy input to accomplish this task.

Complex organic food molecules such as sugars, fats, and proteins are rich sources of energy for cells because much of the energy used to form these molecules is literally stored within the chemical bonds that hold them together. Scientists can measure the amount of energy stored in foods using a device called a bomb calorimeter. With this technique, food is placed inside the calorimeter and heated until it burns. The excess heat released by the reaction is directly proportional to the amount of energy contained in the food.

In reality, of course, cells don't work quite like calorimeters. Rather than burning all their energy in one large reaction, cells release the energy stored in their food molecules through a series of oxidation reactions. Oxidation describes a type of chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, changing the composition and energy content of both the donor and acceptor molecules. Food molecules act as electron donors. During each oxidation reaction involved in food breakdown, the product of the reaction has a lower energy content than the donor molecule that preceded it in the pathway. At the same time, electron acceptor molecules capture some of the energy lost from the food molecule during each oxidation reaction and store it for later use. Eventually, when the carbon atoms from a complex organic food molecule are fully oxidized at the end of the reaction chain, they are released as waste in the form of carbon dioxide.

Cells do not use the energy from oxidation reactions as soon as it is released. Instead, they convert it into small, energy-rich molecules such as ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which can be used throughout the cell to power metabolism and construct new cellular components. In addition, workhorse proteins called enzymes use this chemical energy to catalyze, or accelerate, chemical reactions within the cell that would otherwise proceed very slowly. Enzymes do not force a reaction to proceed if it wouldn't do so without the catalyst; rather, they simply lower the energy barrier required for the reaction to begin.

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  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Classifications of Cancer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640794</id>
      <parentid>3117404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:12:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <text bytes="3034" sha1="ox8eab44a2ooyydf7gnfuqkwr4o0lfo" xml:space="preserve">== Cancer Classification ==

Cancers are classified in two ways: by the type of tissue in which the cancer originates (histological type) and by primary site, or the location in the body where the cancer first developed. This section introduces you to the first method: cancer classification based on histological type. The international standard for the classification and nomenclature of histologies is the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3).

== Classification by tissue types ==
From a histological standpoint there are hundreds of different cancers, which are grouped into six major categories:

* Carcinoma
* Sarcoma
* Myeloma
* Leukemia
* Lymphoma
* Mixed Types (Blastoma)

== Classification by site of origin ==

By primary site of origin, cancers may be of specific types like breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), oral cancer, brain cancer etc.

== Classification by grade ==
Cancers can also be classified according to grade. The abnormality of the cells with respect to surrounding normal tissues determines the grade of the cancer. Increasing abnormality increases the grade, from 1–4.

Cells that are well differentiated closely resemble normal specialized cells and belong to low grade tumors. Cells that are undifferentiated are highly abnormal with respect to surrounding tissues. These are high grade tumors.

* Grade 1 – well differentiated cells with slight abnormality
* Grade 2 – cells are moderately differentiated and slightly more abnormal
* Grade 3 – cells are poorly differentiated and very abnormal
* Grade 4 – cells are immature and primitive and undifferentiated

== Classification by stage ==
Cancers are also classified individually according to their stage. There are several types of staging methods. The most commonly used method uses classification in terms of tumor size (T), the degree of regional spread or node involvement (N), and distant metastasis (M). This is called the TNM staging.

For example, T0 signifies no evidence of tumor, T 1 to 4 signifies increasing tumor size and involvement and Tis signifies carcinoma in situ or limited to surface cells. Similarly N0 signifies no nodal involvement and N 1 to 4 signifies increasing degrees of lymph node involvement. Nx signifies that node involvement cannot be assessed. Metastasis is further classified into two – M0 signifies no evidence of distant spread while M1 signifies evidence of distant spread.

Stages may be divided according to the TNM staging classification. Stage 0 indicates cancer being in situ or limited to surface cells while stage I indicates cancer being limited to the tissue of origin. Stage II indicates limited local spread, Stage II indicates extensive local and regional spread while stage IV is advanced cancer with distant spread and metastasis.

==References==
# “Cancer Classification” By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD 
&lt;http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cancer-Classification.aspx &gt;

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    <title>Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Appendix/Moulton/Leading link</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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        <id>3608536</id>
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      <comment>/* Principle of Operation */ fix bad link</comment>
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      <text bytes="11274" sha1="pqb9act3dv3ue25n2edoslfr4sqllz9" xml:space="preserve">== Application ==
The AM leading link fork is used on the AM series (1982-current), also ATB, APB, TSR, Moulton Speed and Moulton Jubilee.  While there are detail differences, the basic design is common.  A number of running changes have been made over the years.

== Principle of Operation ==
The leading link suspension is analogous in operation to an automotive [[wikipedia:MacPherson_strut|MacPherson strut suspension]] but with the moving elements rotated 90 degrees in plan view.  

== Component Identification ==
Starting at the bottom, the stirrup or spring_fork includes dropouts for the front axle, pressed in [http://www.ggbearings.com/en/products/metal-polymer/du DU bearings (bushings)] for the leading link pivots, attachment hole for caliper brake (or braze-ons for canti or V-brakes) and at the upper end a thread that carries the bump stop and height adjuster.  In normal operation the stirrup carries most of the weight of the bicycle and rider.

Assembled on top of the stirrup is a threaded washer with bonded on rubber bumpstop, this will contact the bottom of the fork crown when the suspension is fully compressed. The bumpstop is threaded all the way down, for maximum suspension travel.

The threaded height adjuster is used to vary the standing height for different rider weight and riding position.  Many models include a knurled/serrated ring or thin jam nut to lock the height adjustment, this is tightened against the bottom of the aluminum height adjuster.  The thread is UNF(fine) 7/16&quot; x 20 threads/inch (also, AN7).  If a hex nut is used the wrench size is 5/8&quot;, smaller than the 11/16&quot; wrench used for a standard 7/16&quot; nut--if not available from the Moulton factory, another source for this nut is through aircraft suppliers of military spec AN hardware.  On most models there is a rubber wiper seal around the top of the height adjuster, the ATB and some other models use a rubber gaiter (boot).

The upper end of the height adjuster is spherical and the suspension bearing (also referred to as plastic guide bushing and base plug) is snapped (or squeezed with a vise) onto the top of the height adjuster.  
Original suspension bearings were black plastic (Nylatron) cylinders and recent versions are bobbin shaped.  Most are approximately 22 mm in diameter, but early APB models used a steer tube with smaller ID, these take a ~20 mm diameter bearing. Nylatron bearings have been known to swell in hot/humid climates and lock the suspension, the newer gray bobbin type are made from a different material that is believed to solve this problem.

The steel coil spring is above the suspension bearing.  As with the plastic suspension bearings, these come in two coil diameters with the smaller for the same early APB models.  Springs have been produced in different lengths, wire diameters and even progressive wound for variable rate (this is sometimes referred to as the &quot;race spring&quot;).  Stiffer springs are recommended for heavier riders and also riders that use a forward position with more weight carried on the front wheel.  A small amount of grease on the spring is recommended to prevent squeaks and premature wear.

Moving back to the lower end, stainless steel pressings (stampings, plates) are bolted together to make the leading links.  There have been several styles, the original version (1982 to about 1987?) have a shallow depth and the two plates do not touch.  The later style are deeper and the center sections butt together when assembled, making the link stiffer.  Three loose bolts, spacers (the bearing journals), nuts and washers hold the early style together.  More recently bolts, journals and studs have been bonded/pressed into place.  All variants of the leading links are interchangeable.  Plastic washers trapped between the links provide adjustable friction damping.  The center bolt holds the links together and also carries the rebound stop (early type hard blue plastic, newer type red elastomer).  The center bolt is slightly offset toward the front, closer to the stirrup.

The main fork legs (blades) also carry DU bearings for the rear end of the leading links.  The legs are made from tapered tubing on early AMs.  Constant diameter tubing in stainless (and 531 on later AM models) gives increased fork stiffness.  Heavier gauge tapered tubing was introduced with the Esprit model to match the stiffness of the constant diameter legs.  ATB/APB/TSR models use larger diameter tubing for the fork legs.  Unlike a rigid fork, the main fork legs only carry a small portion of the weight of the rider in normal riding, but they do carry braking loads.

Fork legs are brazed to the steer tube (steerer) with a traditional investment cast crown or welded/brazed in unicrown style.  

Original AM steerers (steer tube) were externally butted. Later models use constant wall thickness tubing.  Part way up the steerer a pin is brazed (or pressed on APB) across the tube for the upper spring stop.  Most steerers are threaded for English headsets.  Esprit and other recent steerers use the Ahead Set system.

The small parts noted above are shown on the last page of the factory [http://www.moultonbuzz.com/moultonbuzz/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Suspension-Service-2006-PRINT.pdf TSR Service Instruction Front Suspension (PDF)].  The factory service instructions are supplemented here by additional tips for DIY, collected by members of the Yahoo list.

== Service ==

=== Disassembly ===

The TSR Service Instruction Front Suspension (PDF) linked nearby includes instructions to disassemble the fork. As noted, it may be necessary to compress the suspension slightly to release pressure on the leading links--this can be done with a rope or strap looped around the stirrup and through the frame (or over the crown if fork removed from bike).

The Instructions also include removal techniques for a stuck Suspension Bearing.  A long steel rod threaded down the steerer from the top could scratch the inside of the steerer.  Brass welding rod (welding wire) or even a wooden dowel removes any chance of damage (but the wooden dowel may not be strong enough).

=== Repair or replace suspension bearing ===
If a stuck suspension bearing (black Nylatron version) was removed without visible damage, it can be reused, although the newer bobbin shaped bearings are slightly nicer.

Rust inside the steerer can be smoothed out with a flap wheel (Instructions).  An automotive brake cylinder hone with plenty of oil also works well, the type with three stones on a flex shaft, spun by a drill motor.

After the inside of the steerer is cleaned up and wiped dry, check the bearing for a smooth slip fit.  If it is tight, careful sanding can reduce the diameter slightly.  To avoid making the cylinder into a &quot;barrel shape&quot; (smaller diameter toward top and bottom ends), the sandpaper can be backed up with a flat surface (plate glass, machine table).  

A slightly loose fit (range??) is normal, this can be felt by rocking the (assembled) bike fore and aft with the front brake locked.  The small amount of play will not be felt when riding.

=== Care and feeding of the Friction Washers ===

The blue plastic friction washers at the ends of the leading links are a common discussion topic on the Yahoo list.  Experience seems to fall into two camps:
* Primarily dry weather operation -- clean the washers with spirit (USA = paint thinner), clean out the contact surfaces on the leading links, fork blades and stirrup and assemble dry.  The lack of oil or grease should minimize dirt pickup.  The initial author of this section falls in this category and has very few problems with the washers.
* Wet weather operation -- if assembled dry as above, the washers are prone to annoying squeaking.  Before blaming the washers, it may be worth adding a few drops of oil down the steerer (remove stem) to make sure that the suspension spring isn't squeaking inside the steerer.  To stop the squeaking, a variety of lubricants, often &quot;Teflon&quot; loaded have been tried with varying amounts of success.  Users are invited to edit this page with their personal experience.
Per the manufacturer, the self-lubricating DU bearings work best dry.  Lubricate the washers sparingly and try to avoid oil/grease in the pivots.

Damaged washers -- lightly scratched washers can be smoothed out by rubbing on fine (400 grit?) sandpaper backed by a flat surface (plate glass, machine table).  Pairs of washers on each side of each leading link should be the same thickness to maintain uniform contact in operation.  The metal bearing surfaces should be clean and smooth. 
 
Starting in 2005, replacement washers from the factory are slightly thicker than the original spec, they should not be accidentally mixed with the thinner version.  When in doubt, replace all eight washers at the same time.


=== Reassembly ===
The TSR Service Instruction Front Suspension (PDF) linked nearby includes instructions to reassemble the fork. It may be necessary to compress the suspension spring slightly to install the leading links.  With a smoothly sliding suspension bearing (inside the steerer) and the height adjuster screwed all the way down, this can usually be done by hand.  If necessary, a rope or strap may be looped around the stirrup and through the frame (or over the crown if fork removed from bike).

== Adjustment ==

=== Setting Ride Height (standing height) ===

=== Sweetening the Damping ===
Dr Moulton's method for synchronizing (equalizing) the four sets of damper washers. He called this &quot;sweetening the damping&quot;:

Start by slacking off all four damper nuts (but not the central nuts which hold the leading links together).  Stroke the front suspension, the motion should be smooth and very bouncy (no friction from the plastic damper washers).  To set a baseline, tighten each of the four damper nuts, one at a time, until they just start to squeeze the damper washers.  Again, check for smooth suspension action.  Next, tighten the four nuts equally in very small increments (1/12 turn or &quot;half a flat&quot;) to add friction damping. Press down on the handlebars and then release the pressure slowly. The release (rebound) should be smooth, with only one &quot;jump&quot; at the top end of the stroke. A series of small jumps (multiple &quot;stick-slips&quot;) indicates that the friction is uneven across the four sets of damper washers -- slacken them one at a time (stroking after each change) to find which one(s) are too tight or binding slightly. 

It will be quickest if the rider strokes the suspension after each tiny adjustment, while a helper with a good &quot;mechanics touch&quot; makes the adjustments. The torque level is very low and may be dominated by the Nyloc self-locking nut, so a torque wrench is probably not helpful.

Once the four dampers have been synchronized then ride the bicycle to check for your preference of damping. Adjust to taste -- for a general guideline, a smooth spinning riding style usually allows very light damping (and the smoothest ride), while a pedal stomping style might work better with more damping to reduce front suspension motion.

If unable to achieve the desired single &quot;jump&quot; at the end of the rebound stroke, it may be time to service the friction washers in the leading links, see above.

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    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Volume 2</title>
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      <text bytes="13732" sha1="nkh33j5gthgsu81anrpf9mwrrqq33lf" xml:space="preserve">= The Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cellular_Bases}}
= Cell Organelles and Structural Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles}}
= Nucleus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Nucleus}}
= Nucleolus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Nucleolus}}
= Ribosome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome}}
= Ribosome Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/Ribosome_Synthesis}}
= Maturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/Maturation}}
= RNP =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/RNP}}
= Chloroplast =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Chloroplast}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Proteins}}
= Endoplasmic Reticulum =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Endoplasmic_Reticulum}}
= ER Stress &amp; Type 2 Diabetes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Endoplasmic_Reticulum/ER_Stress_&amp;_Type_2_Diabetes}}
= Golgi Apparatus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Golgi_Apparatus}}
= Mitochondria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Mitochondria}}
= Cardiolipin and the Mitochondria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Mitochondria/Cardiolipin_and_the_Mitochondria}}
= Centrioles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Centrioles}}
= Cytosol =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Cytosol}}
= Lysosome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Lysosome}}
= Peroxisome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Peroxisome}}
= Cytoskeleton =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Cytoskeleton}}
= Functional Categories of Eukaryotic Organelles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Functional_Categories_of_Eukaryotic_Organelles}}
= Plant Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell}}
= Heat Stress Response =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell/Heat_Stress_Response}}
= Cellulosomes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell/Cellulosomes}}
= Animal Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Animal_Cell}}
= Membrane Contact Site =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Animal_Cell/Membrane_Contact_Site}}
= Imaging cellular architecture with X-rays =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Imaging_cellular_architecture_with_X-rays}}
= Fluorescence =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Fluorescence}}
= Cell Aging =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Aging}}
= Cell Adhesion =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Adhesion}}
= Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Prokaryotes_and_Eukaryotes}}
= CRISPR defense system (Prokaryotes) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/CRISPR_defense_system_(Prokaryotes)}}
= Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_of_Gene_Expression_in_Prokaryotes}}
= Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_of_Gene_Expression_in_Eukaryotes}}
= Eukaryotic Alternative Splicing =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Eukaryotic_Alternative_Splicing}}
= Metal Levels in Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metal_Levels_in_Eukaryotes}}
= Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Stem_Cells}}
= Embryonic Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Embryonic_Stem_Cells}}
= Adult Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Adult_Stem_Cells}}
= Cells Transforming Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cells_Transforming_Energy}}
= Metabolism Coupled Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism_Coupled_Reactions}}
= ATP =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/ATP}}
= Acetyl-CoA =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acetyl-CoA}}
= Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Glycolysis_and_Gluconeogenesis}}
= Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anaerobic_Respiration_(Fermentation)}}
= Aerobic Respiration =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Aerobic_Respiration}}
= Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Complex}}
= Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Krebs_Cycle_(Citric_Acid_cycle)}}
= Oxidative Phosphorylation Cycle (Electron Transport Chain cycle) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidative_Phosphorylation_Cycle_(Electron_Transport_Chain_cycle)}}
= Gluconeogenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gluconeogenesis}}
= Phosphofructokinase-1 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phosphofructokinase-1}}
= Micro-purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Micro-purification}}
= Light Reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Light_Reaction}}
= Calvin Cycle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Calvin_Cycle}}
= The Pentose Phosphate Pathway =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Pentose_Phosphate_Pathway}}
= Control Systems =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_Systems}}
= Nervous System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Nervous_System}}
= Parkinson's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Parkinson's_Disease}}
= Circulatory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Circulatory_System}}
= Excretory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Excretory_System}}
= Respiratory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Respiratory_System}}
= Asthma symptoms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Asthma/Asthma_symptoms}}
= Digestive System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Digestive_System}}
= Lactose Intolerance =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Lactose_Intolerance}}
= Crohn's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Crohn's_Disease}}
= Cirrhosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cirrhosis}}
= Muscular System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Muscular_System}}
= Endocrine System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Endocrine_System}}
= Ovarian Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ovarian_Cancer}}
= Graves Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Graves_Disease}}
= Addison's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Addison's_Disease}}
= Sensory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Sensory_System}}
= Biochemical Pathways of Vision =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Pathways_of_Vision}}
= Immune System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Immune_System}}
= Integumentary System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Integumentary_System}}
= Reproductive System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Reproductive_System}}
= Cell Signaling Pathways =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways}}
= Juxtacrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Juxtacrine_Signaling}}
= Paracrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Paracrine_Signaling}}
= Endocrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Endocrine_Signaling}}
= G-Proteins and G-Protein Coupled Receptors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/G-Proteins_and_G-Protein_Coupled_Receptors}}
= Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Adenylate_Cyclase_and_cAMP_Signaling}}
= Phosphoinositol Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Phosphoinositol_Signaling}}
= Calcium Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Calcium_Signaling}}
= Protein Kinases Signaling Cascades =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Protein_Kinases_Signaling_Cascades}}
= Receptor Tyrosine Kinases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinases}}
= Kinases Inhibitors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Kinases_Inhibitors}}
= MPS1 protein kinase inhibitor development =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/MPS1_protein_kinase_inhibitor_development}}
= Insulin Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Insulin_Signaling}}
= Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Epidermal_Growth_Factor_Signaling}}
= RAS =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/RAS}}
= ROS =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/ROS}}
= Problems in Signaling that cause Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Problems_in_Signaling_that_cause_Cancer}}
= Transforming Growth Factor Beta =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Transforming_Growth_Factor_Beta}}
= Hormonal Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Hormonal_Signaling}}
= Apoptosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Apoptosis}}
= RAGE: Pattern Recognition Receptor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/RAGE:_Pattern_Recognition_Receptor}}
= Mobile Zinc and Nitric Oxide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Mobile_Zinc_and_Nitric_Oxide}}
= Nitric Oxide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nitric_Oxide}}
= Heparan Sulfate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Heparan_Sulfate}}
= Skeletal Muscle Remodeling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Skeletal_Muscle_Remodeling}}
= Phagoptosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Phagoptosis}}
= Necrosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Necrosis}}
= Noise in Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Noise_in_Signaling}}
= Hippo Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Hippo_Signaling_Pathway}}
= JNK Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/cJun-NH2_Terminal_Kinase}}
= Immune Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Immune_Signaling}}
= RIG-I-like Receptors (RLR) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RIG-I-like_Receptors_(RLR)}}
= NOD-like Receptors (NLR) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/NOD-like_Receptors_(NLR)}}
= IL23R =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/IL23R}}
= Apoptosis-Inducing Factor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Apoptosis-Inducing_Factor}}
= Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Adipogenesis:_From_Stem_Cell_to_Adipocyte}}
= Nitric Oxide and CGMP Response =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Nitric_Oxide_and_CGMP_Response}}
= Secretins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Secretins}}
= Microscopy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Microscopy}}
= Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endocytosis}}
= Actin Assembly during Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Actin_Assembly_during_Endocytosis}}
= Virus Entry by Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Virus_Entry_by_Endocytosis}}
= Mitotic Spindles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Mitotic_Spindles}}
= Pili =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pili}}
= Type IV Pili =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Type_IV_Pili}}
= Flagella =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Flagella}}
= Aging and Metabolic Control Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Aging_and_Metabolic_Control_Analysis}}
= Short Linear Motifs and Viral Infection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Short_Linear_Motifs_and_Viral_Infection}}
= Phagocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phagocytosis}}
= Pinocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pinocytosis}}
= Cytokine Receptors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cytokine_Receptors}}
= Ras-ERK and PI3K-mTOR pathways =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ras-ERK_and_PI3K-mTOR_pathways}}
= Genetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetic_Bases/}}
= The Genetics of Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Genetics_of_Bacteria}}
= Properties of Mutant Alleles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Mutant_Alleles}}
= Foundation of Genetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Foundation_of_Genetics}}
= Genetics terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetics_terms}}
= Inheritance Patterns =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inheritance_Patterns}}
= Chromosomes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chromosomes}}
= Epigenomics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Epigenomics}}
= Epigenome reader =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Epigenome_reader}}
= Mitosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Mitosis}}
= Meiosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Meiosis}}
= Homeobox Genes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Homeobox_Genes}}
= How can you know if Genes are &quot;on&quot; or &quot;off&quot; in a cell? =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_can_you_know_if_Genes_are_&quot;on&quot;_or_&quot;off&quot;_in_a_cell?}}
= Genetic Variants =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetic_Variants}}
= Structural Variation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Structural_Variation}}
= Biology of Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer}}
= Defective Repair of DNA =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Defective_Repair_of_DNA}}
= Classifications of Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Classifications_of_Cancer}}
= Carcinoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carcinoma}}
= Sarcoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Sarcoma}}
= Lymphoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Lymphoma}}
= Leukemia =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Leukemia}}
= Germ Cell Tumor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Germ_Cell_Tumor}}
= Blastoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Blastoma}}
= Mutagenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Mutagenic_Action_on_Bacteria}}
= Ames test =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Mutagenic_Action_on_Bacteria/Ames_test}}
= Tumor suppressor genes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Tumor_suppressor_genes}}
= PTEN =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/PTEN}}
= p53 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p53}}
= p63 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/P63}}
= p73 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p73}}
= sequestosome-1 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/sequestosome-1}}
= Retinoblastoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoblastoma}}
= p62 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p62}}
= Brooke-Spiegler syndrome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Brooke-Spiegler_syndrome}}
= Glutamine Addiction in Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Glutamine_Addiction_in_Cancer}}
= Ligand-Binding Site and Glutamate Receptor Trafficking =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ligand-Binding_Site_and_Glutamate_Receptor_Trafficking}}
= Proto-oncogenes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Proto-oncogene}}</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13731" sha1="qcybbd7dfhq02k62dex546pga5ydie8" xml:space="preserve">= The Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cellular_Bases}}
= Cell Organelles and Structural Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles}}
= Nucleus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Nucleus}}
= Nucleolus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Nucleolus}}
= Ribosome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome}}
= Ribosome Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/Ribosome_Synthesis}}
= Maturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/Maturation}}
= RNP =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Ribosome/RNP}}
= Chloroplast =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Chloroplast}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Proteins}}
= Endoplasmic Reticulum =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Endoplasmic_Reticulum}}
= ER Stress &amp; Type 2 Diabetes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Endoplasmic_Reticulum/ER_Stress_&amp;_Type_2_Diabetes}}
= Golgi Apparatus =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Golgi_Apparatus}}
= Mitochondria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Mitochondria}}
= Cardiolipin and the Mitochondria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Mitochondria/Cardiolipin_and_the_Mitochondria}}
= Centrioles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Centrioles}}
= Cytosol =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Cytosol}}
= Lysosome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Lysosome}}
= Peroxisome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Peroxisome}}
= Cytoskeleton =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Cytoskeleton}}
= Functional Categories of Eukaryotic Organelles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Functional_Categories_of_Eukaryotic_Organelles}}
= Plant Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell}}
= Heat Stress Response =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell/Heat_Stress_Response}}
= Cellulosomes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell/Cellulosomes}}
= Animal Cell =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Animal_Cell}}
= Membrane Contact Site =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Animal_Cell/Membrane_Contact_Site}}
= Imaging cellular architecture with X-rays =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Imaging_cellular_architecture_with_X-rays}}
= Fluorescence =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Fluorescence}}
= Cell Aging =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Aging}}
= Cell Adhesion =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Adhesion}}
= Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Prokaryotes_and_Eukaryotes}}
= CRISPR defense system (Prokaryotes) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/CRISPR_defense_system_(Prokaryotes)}}
= Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_of_Gene_Expression_in_Prokaryotes}}
= Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_of_Gene_Expression_in_Eukaryotes}}
= Eukaryotic Alternative Splicing =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Eukaryotic_Alternative_Splicing}}
= Metal Levels in Eukaryotes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metal_Levels_in_Eukaryotes}}
= Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Stem_Cells}}
= Embryonic Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Embryonic_Stem_Cells}}
= Adult Stem Cells =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Adult_Stem_Cells}}
= Cells Transforming Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cells_Transforming_Energy}}
= Metabolism Coupled Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism_Coupled_Reactions}}
= ATP =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/ATP}}
= Acetyl-CoA =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acetyl-CoA}}
= Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Glycolysis_and_Gluconeogenesis}}
= Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anaerobic_Respiration_(Fermentation)}}
= Aerobic Respiration =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Aerobic_Respiration}}
= Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Complex}}
= Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Krebs_Cycle_(Citric_Acid_cycle)}}
= Oxidative Phosphorylation Cycle (Electron Transport Chain cycle) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidative_Phosphorylation_Cycle_(Electron_Transport_Chain_cycle)}}
= Gluconeogenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gluconeogenesis}}
= Phosphofructokinase-1 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phosphofructokinase-1}}
= Micro-purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Micro-purification}}
= Light Reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Light_Reaction}}
= Calvin Cycle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Calvin_Cycle}}
= The Pentose Phosphate Pathway =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Pentose_Phosphate_Pathway}}
= Control Systems =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Control_Systems}}
= Nervous System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Nervous_System}}
= Parkinson's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Parkinson's_Disease}}
= Circulatory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Circulatory_System}}
= Excretory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Excretory_System}}
= Respiratory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Respiratory_System}}
= Asthma symptoms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Asthma/Asthma_symptoms}}
= Digestive System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Digestive_System}}
= Lactose Intolerance =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Lactose_Intolerance}}
= Crohn's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Crohn's_Disease}}
= Cirrhosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cirrhosis}}
= Muscular System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Muscular_System}}
= Endocrine System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Endocrine_System}}
= Ovarian Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ovarian_Cancer}}
= Graves Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Graves_Disease}}
= Addison's Disease =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Addison's_Disease}}
= Sensory System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Sensory_System}}
= Biochemical Pathways of Vision =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Pathways_of_Vision}}
= Immune System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Immune_System}}
= Integumentary System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Integumentary_System}}
= Reproductive System =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Reproductive_System}}
= Cell Signaling Pathways =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways}}
= Juxtacrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Juxtacrine_Signaling}}
= Paracrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Paracrine_Signaling}}
= Endocrine Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Endocrine_Signaling}}
= G-Proteins and G-Protein Coupled Receptors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/G-Proteins_and_G-Protein_Coupled_Receptors}}
= Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Adenylate_Cyclase_and_cAMP_Signaling}}
= Phosphoinositol Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Phosphoinositol_Signaling}}
= Calcium Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Calcium_Signaling}}
= Protein Kinases Signaling Cascades =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Protein_Kinases_Signaling_Cascades}}
= Receptor Tyrosine Kinases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinases}}
= Kinases Inhibitors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Kinases_Inhibitors}}
= MPS1 protein kinase inhibitor development =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/MPS1_protein_kinase_inhibitor_development}}
= Insulin Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Insulin_Signaling}}
= Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Epidermal_Growth_Factor_Signaling}}
= RAS =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/RAS}}
= ROS =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/ROS}}
= Problems in Signaling that cause Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Problems_in_Signaling_that_cause_Cancer}}
= Transforming Growth Factor Beta =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Transforming_Growth_Factor_Beta}}
= Hormonal Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Hormonal_Signaling}}
= Apoptosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Apoptosis}}
= RAGE: Pattern Recognition Receptor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/RAGE:_Pattern_Recognition_Receptor}}
= Mobile Zinc and Nitric Oxide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Mobile_Zinc_and_Nitric_Oxide}}
= Nitric Oxide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nitric_Oxide}}
= Heparan Sulfate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Heparan_Sulfate}}
= Skeletal Muscle Remodeling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Skeletal_Muscle_Remodeling}}
= Phagoptosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Phagoptosis}}
= Necrosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Necrosis}}
= Noise in Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Noise_in_Signaling}}
= Hippo Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Hippo_Signaling_Pathway}}
= JNK Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/cJun-NH2_Terminal_Kinase}}
= Immune Signaling =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Immune_Signaling}}
= RIG-I-like Receptors (RLR) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RIG-I-like_Receptors_(RLR)}}
= NOD-like Receptors (NLR) =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/NOD-like_Receptors_(NLR)}}
= IL23R =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/IL23R}}
= Apoptosis-Inducing Factor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Apoptosis-Inducing_Factor}}
= Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Adipogenesis:_From_Stem_Cell_to_Adipocyte}}
= Nitric Oxide and CGMP Response =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Signaling_Pathways/Nitric_Oxide_and_CGMP_Response}}
= Secretins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Secretins}}
= Microscopy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Microscopy}}
= Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endocytosis}}
= Actin Assembly during Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Actin_Assembly_during_Endocytosis}}
= Virus Entry by Endocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Virus_Entry_by_Endocytosis}}
= Mitotic Spindles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Mitotic_Spindles}}
= Pili =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pili}}
= Type IV Pili =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Type_IV_Pili}}
= Flagella =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Flagella}}
= Aging and Metabolic Control Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Aging_and_Metabolic_Control_Analysis}}
= Short Linear Motifs and Viral Infection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Short_Linear_Motifs_and_Viral_Infection}}
= Phagocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phagocytosis}}
= Pinocytosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Pinocytosis}}
= Cytokine Receptors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cytokine_Receptors}}
= Ras-ERK and PI3K-mTOR pathways =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ras-ERK_and_PI3K-mTOR_pathways}}
= Genetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetic_Bases}}
= The Genetics of Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Genetics_of_Bacteria}}
= Properties of Mutant Alleles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Mutant_Alleles}}
= Foundation of Genetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Foundation_of_Genetics}}
= Genetics terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetics_terms}}
= Inheritance Patterns =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inheritance_Patterns}}
= Chromosomes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chromosomes}}
= Epigenomics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Epigenomics}}
= Epigenome reader =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Epigenome_reader}}
= Mitosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Mitosis}}
= Meiosis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Meiosis}}
= Homeobox Genes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Homeobox_Genes}}
= How can you know if Genes are &quot;on&quot; or &quot;off&quot; in a cell? =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_can_you_know_if_Genes_are_&quot;on&quot;_or_&quot;off&quot;_in_a_cell?}}
= Genetic Variants =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Genetic_Variants}}
= Structural Variation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Structural_Variation}}
= Biology of Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer}}
= Defective Repair of DNA =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Defective_Repair_of_DNA}}
= Classifications of Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Classifications_of_Cancer}}
= Carcinoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carcinoma}}
= Sarcoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Sarcoma}}
= Lymphoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Lymphoma}}
= Leukemia =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Leukemia}}
= Germ Cell Tumor =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Germ_Cell_Tumor}}
= Blastoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Blastoma}}
= Mutagenesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Mutagenic_Action_on_Bacteria}}
= Ames test =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Biology_of_Cancer/Mutagenic_Action_on_Bacteria/Ames_test}}
= Tumor suppressor genes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Tumor_suppressor_genes}}
= PTEN =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/PTEN}}
= p53 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p53}}
= p63 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/P63}}
= p73 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p73}}
= sequestosome-1 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/sequestosome-1}}
= Retinoblastoma =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoblastoma}}
= p62 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/p62}}
= Brooke-Spiegler syndrome =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Brooke-Spiegler_syndrome}}
= Glutamine Addiction in Cancer =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Glutamine_Addiction_in_Cancer}}
= Ligand-Binding Site and Glutamate Receptor Trafficking =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ligand-Binding_Site_and_Glutamate_Receptor_Trafficking}}
= Proto-oncogenes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Proto-oncogene}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Volume 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>360974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640722</id>
      <parentid>2952764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T16:18:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4640722</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="10323" sha1="hj9qbl0kgn7yyazsk59qnae284t2bpb" xml:space="preserve">{{print_version_notice|Structural_Biochemistry|Structural_Biochemistry/Print_version}}
==[[Relations of Structural Biochemistry with other Sciences]]==
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle/|Thermodynamic_Cycles}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}

{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds|Covalent_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds|Noncovalent_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds|Hydrogen_bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction|Hydrophobic_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction|Van_der_Waals_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction|Dipole_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction|Ionic_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds|Disulfide_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides|Multiple_ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories|Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories|Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group|Organic_Functional_Groups}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl|Hydroxyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl|Carbonyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl|Carboxyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino|Amino}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide|Amide}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl|Sulfhydryl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate|Phosphate}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis|Organic_Synthesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules|Types_of_Macromolecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates|Carbohydrates}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)|Nucleic Acids}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids|Lipids}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins|Proteins}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents|Reagents}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules|Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry|Stereochemistry_of_Organic_Molecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/|Chemistry_of_Important_Organic_Molecules_in_Biochemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors|Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D|Vitamin_D}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K|Vitamin_K}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C|Vitamin_C}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A|Vitamin_A}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E|Vitamin_E}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B|Vitamin_B}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12|Vitamin_B12}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6|Vitamin_B6}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry|Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding|Peptide_Bonding}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry|Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation|Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification|Methods_of_Purification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification|Methods_of_Identification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis|Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification|Fischer_Esterification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification|Trans_Esterification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms|Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis|Synthesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals/|Alkali_Earth_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals|Metalloids/Semimetals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals|Introduction_of_porous_Silicon}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens|Halogens}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}

{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases/|Biology}}
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{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases/|Evolution}}=
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis|RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
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{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea|Archaea}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea|SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria|Bacteria}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya|Eukarya}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology|Community_Ecology}}
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      <id>4640725</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T16:36:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|talk]]) to last version by Studkatz</comment>
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      <text bytes="10298" sha1="6st04b2pl5l2si9131p1l1sinmpwayw" xml:space="preserve">{{print_version_notice|Structural_Biochemistry|Structural_Biochemistry/Print_version}}
==[[Relations of Structural Biochemistry with other Sciences]]==
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle/|Thermodynamic_Cycles}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}

{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds|Covalent_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds|Noncovalent_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds|Hydrogen_bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction|Hydrophobic_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction|Van_der_Waals_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction|Dipole_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction|Ionic_Interaction}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds|Disulfide_Bonds}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides|Multiple_ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories|Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories|Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group|Organic_Functional_Groups}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl|Hydroxyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl|Carbonyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl|Carboxyl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino|Amino}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide|Amide}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl|Sulfhydryl}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate|Phosphate}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis|Organic_Synthesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules|Types_of_Macromolecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates|Carbohydrates}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)|Nucleic Acids}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids|Lipids}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins|Proteins}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents|Reagents}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules|Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry|Stereochemistry_of_Organic_Molecules}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/|Chemistry_of_Important_Organic_Molecules_in_Biochemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors|Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D|Vitamin_D}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K|Vitamin_K}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C|Vitamin_C}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A|Vitamin_A}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E|Vitamin_E}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B|Vitamin_B}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12|Vitamin_B12}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6|Vitamin_B6}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry|Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding|Peptide_Bonding}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry|Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation|Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification|Methods_of_Purification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification|Methods_of_Identification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis|Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification|Fischer_Esterification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification|Trans_Esterification}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms|Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis|Synthesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals/|Alkali_Earth_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals|Metalloids/Semimetals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals|Introduction_of_porous_Silicon}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens|Halogens}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}

{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases/|Biology}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Living_Organisms}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoid}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases/|Evolution}}=
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis|RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Humans}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Populations}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea|Archaea}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea|SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria|Bacteria}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya|Eukarya}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology|Community_Ecology}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Endosymbiotic_Theory}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Evolution_of_Membranes}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Natural_Selection_of_Aluminum_and_Silicon}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Speciation}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gene_Flow}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organismic_and_Evolutionary_Biology}}
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg_Principle}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikijunior:The Elements/Francium</title>
    <ns>110</ns>
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        <username>WalnutBloom</username>
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      <comment>Fixed 1 double space.</comment>
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      <text bytes="4458" sha1="me6hj12y0qzche2obvo5j9oqdothimc" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
[[File:Fr-TableImage.png|left|thumb|500px|Shows the position of Francium on the periodic chart.]] 
[[File:Francium.svg|thumb|55px|Francium's symbol on the Periodic Table]] 
{{clear}}


==What does it look, feel, taste or smell like?==
Francium is a very unstable metal. Francium is thought to have a silvery and gray color to it. No one has tasted francium because it is very rare, toxic and radioactive. Scientists cannot study francium directly. It exists only in trace amounts and disappears too quickly. Francium-223, has a half-life of only 22 minutes. Scientists are unable to collect enough to examine. The largest sample ever created contained only about 300,000 atoms—an amount too small to see with the naked eye.

==How was it discovered?==
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, in Paris, France.

At the time, she was researching the radioactive decay of actinium-227. Her research indicated there was another element hidden in her sample. She deduced the missing element was number 87. Her results were challenged by other scientists. She was not credited with the discovery of francium until 1946. 

Francium is the last naturally occurring element that has been discovered. Later discoveries were all synthetic elements created in laboratories. To make synthetic elements, scientists use particle accelerators and nuclear reactors. These machines smash atoms together to create new elements that do not exist in nature.  

==Where did it name come from?==
Marguerite Perey named francium after France, her home country.

It was once called ''eka-caesium''. ''“Eka” is a'' Sanskrit word meaning “one” (one place below ''caesium'' on the periodic table). ''Eka caesium'' was a “placeholder” word indicating where a new element would be placed on the periodic table when it was discovered.

After Perey’s discovery, the name “catium” was suggested, but people thought English speakers would associate the name with cats.

== Where is it found? ==
There is very little naturally occurring francium on earth. Small amounts of francium are found with uranium and thorium ores. Scientists estimate there are only 20–30 grams of francium in the entire Earth’s crust—less than a handful spread across the whole planet. Francium is found in uranium minerals such as pitchblende (uraninite). Scientists can make synthetic francium in the laboratory. It decays quickly, making it difficult to study. 

== What are it uses? ==
Francium has a short half-life of about 22 minutes. It is so unstable, it would decompose to other elements quickly. So, there are no known uses for francium based on the research.

Francium is not practical for making things that people use. It may be used in medicine someday. It may be used in the future by geologists to tell the age of rocks. These ideas are not practical today. 

==Is it dangerous?==
Francium is very dangerous because it is radioactive. Scientists hypothesize it would react instantly with air (oxidize) and react violently with water (explode).

Intense heat and hydrogen gas would be released. Radioactive contamination would make it very dangerous.

== References ==
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:2px solid #000000; width:250px; margin-left:0.2em; padding:0.4em; background-color:#f0f0ff&quot;&gt;
'''Did You Know?'''
*At first, francium had a symbol of Fa but later it became Fr
*Francium is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic table
*Francium is the second rarest element in the Earth’s crust, next to astatine
&lt;/div&gt;

Reference ChemistryCool. (n.d.). ''Francium: Element 87 – Properties, history, and uses''. ChemistryCool. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://chemistrycool.com/element/francium&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Cook, P. (2020). ''Introduction to isotopes and environmental tracers as indicators of groundwater flow''. Guelph, Ontario, Canada: The Groundwater Project. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.21083/978-1-7770541-8-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Periodic Table of Videos. (2020, March 15). ''Francium: The discovery of the world's most expensive element'' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUcoHWWgfDM&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Royal Society of Chemistry. (2025). ''Periodic table''. Royal Society of Chemistry. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://periodic-table.rsc.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Winter, M. (1993–2025). ''WebElements: The periodic table on the web''. University of Sheffield &amp; WebElements Ltd. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.webelements.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maxima/Operators</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3512" sha1="orkxb7memf13vridf4qrttgpj3i9v7o" xml:space="preserve">== Maxima Operators ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Standards are great! That's why there are so many of them, and they change so often.&quot;''


– Unknown&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Mathematical notation was conceived of by different contributors and adopted over a period of time until the present . So if there are standards for notation


.++.

'''There is no single, universally enforced standard that dictates mathematical notation across all branches of math'''. Instead, notation is decentralized, evolving organically and varying by '''discipline''', '''publisher''', and '''subfield'''. [1, 2, 3]

However, there are widely accepted conventions and formal frameworks that serve as references:

1. The ISO Standard

The closest thing to a universal style guide is the '''ISO 31-11''' (now succeeded by '''ISO 80000-2''').

* '''Who uses it:''' Primarily applied scientists, physicists, and engineering bodies. Pure mathematicians largely ignore it in favor of their own subfield traditions.
* '''Core Rule:''' It mandates the use of '''italic fonts for variables''' (e.g., $E = mc^2$) and '''upright (roman) fonts for mathematical constants''' (e.g., $e$ or $\pi$). [7, 8]

2. Disciplinary Conventions

Mathematical notation broadly divides into four categories depending on the context:

* '''Operational Symbols:''' e.g., $+$, $-$, $\times$, $\div$, $=$
* '''Set &amp; Logic Symbols:''' e.g., $\in$, $\notin$, $\forall$ (for all), $\exists$ (there exists)
* '''Functional Notation:''' e.g., $f(x)$, $\sin(\theta)$
* '''Structural/Relational Notation:''' e.g., $\sum$ (summation), $\int$ (integration), $\cup$, $\cap$ [2]

Within these categories, subfields develop distinct dialects. For example, a partial derivative might be written as $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ in calculus, $f_x$ in differential equations, or $\partial_x f$ in differential geometry.

3. Practical Usage

Because notation evolves so quickly, papers and textbooks typically rely on '''context''' and explicit definitions rather than a rigid central authority. For typesetting, the international default for mathematical texts is '''LaTeX''', which establishes formatting norms but not the mathematical meaning itself. [1, 2, 9, 10]

To explore this topic further, the '''Wikipedia Mathematical Notation''' page provides a solid overview of common symbols and their regional variants. [7]

[1] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathoverflow.net/questions/33152/is-there-a-reference-containing-standard-mathematical-notations&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[2] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathematicsauthority.com/mathematical-notation-guide/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[3] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4738809/is-there-one-universal-standard-for-mathematical-notation&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[4] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-11&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[5] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathoverflow.net/questions/33152/is-there-a-reference-containing-standard-mathematical-notations&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[6] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/19089/why-does-mathematical-notation-and-terminology-stop-being-standard-after-calculu&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[7] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[8] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://nhigham.com/2016/01/28/typesetting-mathematics-according-to-the-iso-standard/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[9] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www2.cde.ca.gov/cacs/math?c0=14,8&amp;c1=5&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[10] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1202594/there-is-a-logical-or-mathematical-symbol-for-compatibility-incompatibility&lt;/nowiki&gt;


&quot;=&quot; means syntactic equality. Check : is(equal(a,b))
{{Bookcat}}
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  <page>
    <title>Scratch/Block Reference Guide</title>
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      <text bytes="5041" sha1="sef22sbbzcm1idcewtrygp87qcb1lka" xml:space="preserve">{{Delete}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table of Blocks
!Block picture
!Name
!Description
!Category
!Examples
|-
|[[File:Move10steps.png|149x149px]]
|move () steps
|Moves a sprite forward a specified amount of &quot;steps&quot; in the direction it is facing.
|Motion
|move (5) steps
move (7) steps
move (2) steps
|-
|[[File:Turnright15degrees.png|186x186px]]
|turn right () degrees
|Rotates the sprite clockwise a set amount of degrees.
|Motion
|turn right (20) degrees
turn right (3) degrees
turn right (7) degrees
|-
|[[File:Turnleft15degrees.png|186x186px]]
|turn left () degrees
|Rotates the sprite counterclockwise a set amount of degrees.
|Motion
|turn left (30) degrees
turn left (12) degrees
turn left (36) degrees
|-
|[[File:Goto (randomposition).png|200x200px]]
|go to ()
|Moves the sprite to the selected location. The location can be a random position, the mouse-pointer, or any sprite.
|Motion
|go to (mouse-pointer)
go to (Ground)
go to (Arrow)
|-
|[[File:Gotox-10y-0.png|188x188px]]
|go to x: () y: ()
|Jumps the sprite to the specified x and y coordinates.
|Motion
|go to x: (30) y: (50)
go to x: (0) y: (0)
go to x: (100) y: (48)
|-
|[[File:Glide(1)secsto(randomposition).png|300x300px]]
|glide () secs to ()
|Glides the sprite to the specified position in the specified amount of time. The location can be a random position, the mouse-pointer, or any sprite.
|Motion
|glide (2) secs to (mouse-pointer)
glide (0.5) secs to (Grass)
glide (5) secs to (random position)
|-
|[[File:Glide(1)sectstox-(0)y-(0).png|267x267px]]
|glide () secs to x: () y: ()
|Glides the sprite to the specified x and y coordinates in the specified amount of time. 
|Motion
|glide (2) secs to x: (-29) y: (23)
glide (10) secs to x: (9) y: (9)
glide (0.5) secs to x: (16) y: (-100)
|-
|[[File:Pointindirection(90).png|180x180px]]
|point in direction ()
|Points the sprite in the specified direction.
|Motion
|point in direction (180)
point in direction (67)
point in direction (-90)
|-
|[[File:Pointtowards(mouse-pointer).png|256x256px]]
|point towards ()
|Points the sprite towards the selected location. The location can be the mouse-pointer or any sprite.
|Motion
|point towards (cloud)
point towards (title text)
point towards (mouse-pointer)
|-
|[[File:Changexby(10).png|160x160px]]
|change x by ()
|Changes the sprite's x coordinate by the specified amount. A positive change will move the sprite to the right while a negative change will move the sprite to the left.
|Motion
|change x by (-30)
change x by (60)
change x by (32)
|-
|[[File:Set x to (30).png|121x121px]]
|set x to ()
|Sets the sprite's x coordinate to the specified value.
|Motion
|set x to (180)
set x to (-90)
set x to (100)
|-
|[[File:Change y by (10).png|160x160px]]
|change y by ()
|Changes the sprite's y coordinate by the specified amount. A positive change will move the sprite up while a negative change will move the sprite down.
|Motion
|change y by (20)
change y by (-100)
change y by (25)
|-
|[[File:Set y to (-50).png|139x139px]]
|set y to ()
|Sets the sprite's y coordinate to the specified value.
|Motion
|set y to (34)
set y to (-68)
set y to (122)
|-
|[[File:If on edge, bounce.png|165x165px]]
|if on edge, bounce
|Checks if the sprite is on the edge of the stage. If it is, the sprite is &quot;bounced&quot; back into the stage to prevent it from going off the screen. If left-right rotation is enabled (see below block), the sprite will flip around to the other direction when it bounces. If all around rotation is enabled, the sprite will flip upside down and flip to the other direction when it bounces.
|Motion
|forever {
if on edge, bounce

} 

if (x position &lt; -200) {

if on edge, bounce

}
|-
|[[File:Set rotation style (left-right).png|245x245px]]
|set rotation style []
|Changes the rotation style of the sprite. The style can be left-right (the sprite can only face the left or right), don't rotate (the sprite is not able to rotate), or all around (the sprite can rotate to any direction).
|Motion
|forever {
set rotation style [all around]

}
|-
|[[File:16mod7.png|187x187px]]
|() mod ()
|Returns the remainder (modulo) after the first number is divided by the second.
|Operators
|(16) mod (7) = 2
(75) mod (34) = 69

(7) mod (2) = 1

(7) mod (3.3) = 0.3

(1) mod (0.3) = 0.1
|-
|[[File:AddDivisoreFattori.png|329x329px]]
|add () to []
|Adds the specified item to the specified list.
|Variables (Lists)
|add (&quot;grapes&quot;) to [fruits]

: If 'fruits' was the list:
:: apples
:: cherries
: then 'fruits' would then be
:: apples
:: cherries
:: grapes

add (&quot;16&quot;) to [squares]

: If 'squares' was the list:
:: 1
:: 4
:: 9
: then 'squares' would then be
:: 1
:: 4
:: 9
:: 16
|-
|[[File:Delete(5)ofcoords.png|203x203px]]
|delete () of []
|Removes the specified item from th specified list.
|Variables (Lists)
|delete (4) from [players]

: If 'players' was the list:
:: 1
:: 4
:: 8
:: 10
: then 'players' would then be
:: 1
:: 4
:: 8

delete (3) of [words]

: If 'words' was the list:
:: hide
:: jump
:: run
:: seek
: then 'words' would then be
:: hide
:: jump
:: seek
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>sef22sbbzcm1idcewtrygp87qcb1lka</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640753</id>
      <parentid>4640752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T23:58:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Omphalographer</username>
        <id>3427146</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4640461|4640461]] by [[Special:Contributions/Carlossn77716|Carlossn77716]] ([[User talk:Carlossn77716|discuss]]) - introduced typo</comment>
      <origin>4640753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5042" sha1="bu41zqok1aa8aswu76l1z2lmjsz2xf1" xml:space="preserve">{{Delete}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table of Blocks
!Block picture
!Name
!Description
!Category
!Examples
|-
|[[File:Move10steps.png|149x149px]]
|move () steps
|Moves a sprite forward a specified amount of &quot;steps&quot; in the direction it is facing.
|Motion
|move (5) steps
move (7) steps
move (2) steps
|-
|[[File:Turnright15degrees.png|186x186px]]
|turn right () degrees
|Rotates the sprite clockwise a set amount of degrees.
|Motion
|turn right (20) degrees
turn right (3) degrees
turn right (7) degrees
|-
|[[File:Turnleft15degrees.png|186x186px]]
|turn left () degrees
|Rotates the sprite counterclockwise a set amount of degrees.
|Motion
|turn left (30) degrees
turn left (12) degrees
turn left (36) degrees
|-
|[[File:Goto (randomposition).png|200x200px]]
|go to ()
|Moves the sprite to the selected location. The location can be a random position, the mouse-pointer, or any sprite.
|Motion
|go to (mouse-pointer)
go to (Ground)
go to (Arrow)
|-
|[[File:Gotox-10y-0.png|188x188px]]
|go to x: () y: ()
|Jumps the sprite to the specified x and y coordinates.
|Motion
|go to x: (30) y: (50)
go to x: (0) y: (0)
go to x: (100) y: (48)
|-
|[[File:Glide(1)secsto(randomposition).png|300x300px]]
|glide () secs to ()
|Glides the sprite to the specified position in the specified amount of time. The location can be a random position, the mouse-pointer, or any sprite.
|Motion
|glide (2) secs to (mouse-pointer)
glide (0.5) secs to (Grass)
glide (5) secs to (random position)
|-
|[[File:Glide(1)sectstox-(0)y-(0).png|267x267px]]
|glide () secs to x: () y: ()
|Glides the sprite to the specified x and y coordinates in the specified amount of time. 
|Motion
|glide (2) secs to x: (-29) y: (23)
glide (10) secs to x: (9) y: (9)
glide (0.5) secs to x: (16) y: (-100)
|-
|[[File:Pointindirection(90).png|180x180px]]
|point in direction ()
|Points the sprite in the specified direction.
|Motion
|point in direction (180)
point in direction (67)
point in direction (-90)
|-
|[[File:Pointtowards(mouse-pointer).png|256x256px]]
|point towards ()
|Points the sprite towards the selected location. The location can be the mouse-pointer or any sprite.
|Motion
|point towards (cloud)
point towards (title text)
point towards (mouse-pointer)
|-
|[[File:Changexby(10).png|160x160px]]
|change x by ()
|Changes the sprite's x coordinate by the specified amount. A positive change will move the sprite to the right while a negative change will move the sprite to the left.
|Motion
|change x by (-30)
change x by (60)
change x by (32)
|-
|[[File:Set x to (30).png|121x121px]]
|set x to ()
|Sets the sprite's x coordinate to the specified value.
|Motion
|set x to (180)
set x to (-90)
set x to (100)
|-
|[[File:Change y by (10).png|160x160px]]
|change y by ()
|Changes the sprite's y coordinate by the specified amount. A positive change will move the sprite up while a negative change will move the sprite down.
|Motion
|change y by (20)
change y by (-100)
change y by (25)
|-
|[[File:Set y to (-50).png|139x139px]]
|set y to ()
|Sets the sprite's y coordinate to the specified value.
|Motion
|set y to (34)
set y to (-68)
set y to (122)
|-
|[[File:If on edge, bounce.png|165x165px]]
|if on edge, bounce
|Checks if the sprite is on the edge of the stage. If it is, the sprite is &quot;bounced&quot; back into the stage to prevent it from going off the screen. If left-right rotation is enabled (see below block), the sprite will flip around to the other direction when it bounces. If all around rotation is enabled, the sprite will flip upside down and flip to the other direction when it bounces.
|Motion
|forever {
if on edge, bounce

} 

if (x position &lt; -200) {

if on edge, bounce

}
|-
|[[File:Set rotation style (left-right).png|245x245px]]
|set rotation style []
|Changes the rotation style of the sprite. The style can be left-right (the sprite can only face the left or right), don't rotate (the sprite is not able to rotate), or all around (the sprite can rotate to any direction).
|Motion
|forever {
set rotation style [all around]

}
|-
|[[File:16mod7.png|187x187px]]
|() mod ()
|Returns the remainder (modulo) after the first number is divided by the second.
|Operators
|(16) mod (7) = 2
(75) mod (34) = 69

(7) mod (2) = 1

(7) mod (3.3) = 0.3

(1) mod (0.3) = 0.1
|-
|[[File:AddDivisoreFattori.png|329x329px]]
|add () to []
|Adds the specified item to the specified list.
|Variables (Lists)
|add (&quot;grapes&quot;) to [fruits]

: If 'fruits' was the list:
:: apples
:: cherries
: then 'fruits' would then be
:: apples
:: cherries
:: grapes

add (&quot;16&quot;) to [squares]

: If 'squares' was the list:
:: 1
:: 4
:: 9
: then 'squares' would then be
:: 1
:: 4
:: 9
:: 16
|-
|[[File:Delete(5)ofcoords.png|203x203px]]
|delete () of []
|Removes the specified item from the specified list.
|Variables (Lists)
|delete (4) from [players]

: If 'players' was the list:
:: 1
:: 4
:: 8
:: 10
: then 'players' would then be
:: 1
:: 4
:: 8

delete (3) of [words]

: If 'words' was the list:
:: hide
:: jump
:: run
:: seek
: then 'words' would then be
:: hide
:: jump
:: seek
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>bu41zqok1aa8aswu76l1z2lmjsz2xf1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oberon/Introduction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>446811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640757</id>
      <parentid>4484144</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T04:26:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed a few links.</comment>
      <origin>4640757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6232" sha1="0md9dkxulpisgst2vqv8nzmtwo9m7a5" xml:space="preserve">{{center|[[Oberon/Support|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Support&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Historical Perspective|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Historical Perspective &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}

==Audience==
A novice interested to learn computing from the foundations will appreciate the freedom from overwhelming and unnecessary complexity imposed by other systems.  The more advanced user will find an efficient tool with complete sources allowing study in depth.  The system engineer might adapt Oberon to specific requirements including [[w:Automation|automation]], [[w:Big_data|big data]] computing and [[w:Data-intensive_computing|data-intensive]] computing.

Typical usage progresses through these stages.
# Installation
# Configuration
# Production
# Bug repair
# Customization and development

The reader should install and use at least one Oberon system. An introductory course in programming is a beneficial preparation but not essential.

Most of the wiki [[w:Boilerplate_text|boilerplate]] is eliminated in the &quot;Mobile view&quot; available with a link at the foot of a page. This is particularly helpful if taking a copy of a source Text.

==System Characteristics==
Oberon was developed as a stand-alone personal workstation and remains viable in that capacity. The system was designed to attain compactness, comprehensibility, efficiency, reliability, [[w:Responsiveness|responsiveness]],&lt;ref name=&quot;responsiveness&quot;/&gt; [[w:Computer_security|security]] and simplicity.  The extreme compactness is immediately evident to a novice installing [[#System_Variants|ETH Oberon]] on a bare PC.  The complete system including applications, documentation, graphical interface, fonts and source texts was installed from ten HD diskettes&lt;ref name=&quot;install&quot;/&gt;. For the contemporary perspective refer to the following [[#Use Cases|Use Cases]].

An Oberon system comprises a collection of modules and this book presents one module per page&lt;ref name=&quot;modules&quot;/&gt;.  An example is [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] from ETH Oberon.  Additionally there are Tool pages, each of which is a template of executable commands.  An example is [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]].  A system building Tool is a template for rebuilding the entire system, including system installer and module packages.

==Use Cases==
===Educational Workstation===
Oberon is used as a workstation OS in the course in  [https://lec.inf.ethz.ch/syscon/2019/ System Construction] at [[w:ETHZ|ETHZ]].

===Personal Workstation===
Of all Oberon systems, [[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] and [[Oberon/A2|A2]] have the broadest range of application level development for a personal workstation.  Nevertheless capabilities are limited in comparison to familiar commercial systems and [[w:Unix-like|Unix-like]] systems.  By using an Oberon subsystem in one of these familiar systems, benefits are combined.  The subsystem can be installed as an application such as UnixA2.  Alternatively the subsystem can be a guest of a [[w:Hypervisor|hypervisor]] as when ETH Oberon is hosted by [[w:QEMU|QEMU]].  The subsystem can also be emulated; the Oberon RISC emulator being a prime example.  Refer to the table of [[Oberon/System Variants#RISCemu|system variants]].

A leading workstation machine development is at [https://riskfive.com/ SkuTek Instrumentation]. RiskZero and RiskFive machines are listed in the [[Oberon/Computers|Computers]] section.

===Embedded Control System===
Currently a strong interest in Oberon development is in [[w:Embedded_system|embedded systems]]. [https://www.astrobe.com/default.htm Astrobe] provides a [[w:Ms_windows|MS Windows]] based [[w:Integrated_development_environment|integrated development environment]] for producing Oberon source text and executables for industrial controls. [http://www.radiar.ch/page_en.html Radiar] uses the [http://www.radiar.ch/c/index.html A2 Swiss Industrial Controller] in a pigment blending system.

===Comprehensive System===
Systems supporting both software development and operational control are now available. Refer the [https://www.astrobe.com/RISC5/ Astrobe RISC5 Workstation] and [https://oberon-rtk.org/ Oberon RTK].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;responsiveness&quot;&gt;In the preface of ''The Oberon System'' (Pub. Addison-Wesley, 1991) Martin Reiser commented &quot;It is the most responsive system by far known to the author.  This responsiveness substantially improves user productivity;&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;install&quot;&gt;With contemporary facilities, the base system is easily installed using the Oberon0.Dsk image and a [[w:Hypervisor|hypervisor]] such as [[w:QEMU|QEMU]]. Refer to the installation instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon#Installing|ETH Oberon]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;modules&quot;&gt;An Oberon system contains hundreds and in some cases thousands of modules. For any of the system variants, only a small number of modules are presented here. Nevertheless one insight can advance understanding and a small bug fix can be essential to success in a task.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{center|[[Oberon/Support|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Glossary&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Historical Perspective|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Historical Perspective &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0md9dkxulpisgst2vqv8nzmtwo9m7a5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640759</id>
      <parentid>4640757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T04:35:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed broken link.</comment>
      <origin>4640759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6233" sha1="5og6x1w9g3pjxq8eonvbt836bozt2s0" xml:space="preserve">{{center|[[Oberon/Support|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Support&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Historical Perspective|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Historical Perspective &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}

==Audience==
A novice interested to learn computing from the foundations will appreciate the freedom from overwhelming and unnecessary complexity imposed by other systems.  The more advanced user will find an efficient tool with complete sources allowing study in depth.  The system engineer might adapt Oberon to specific requirements including [[w:Automation|automation]], [[w:Big_data|big data]] computing and [[w:Data-intensive_computing|data-intensive]] computing.

Typical usage progresses through these stages.
# Installation
# Configuration
# Production
# Bug repair
# Customization and development

The reader should install and use at least one Oberon system. An introductory course in programming is a beneficial preparation but not essential.

Most of the wiki [[w:Boilerplate_text|boilerplate]] is eliminated in the &quot;Mobile view&quot; available with a link at the foot of a page. This is particularly helpful if taking a copy of a source Text.

==System Characteristics==
Oberon was developed as a stand-alone personal workstation and remains viable in that capacity. The system was designed to attain compactness, comprehensibility, efficiency, reliability, [[w:Responsiveness|responsiveness]],&lt;ref name=&quot;responsiveness&quot;/&gt; [[w:Computer_security|security]] and simplicity.  The extreme compactness is immediately evident to a novice installing [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon|ETH Oberon]] on a bare PC.  The complete system including applications, documentation, graphical interface, fonts and source texts was installed from ten HD diskettes&lt;ref name=&quot;install&quot;/&gt;. For the contemporary perspective refer to the following [[#Use Cases|Use Cases]].

An Oberon system comprises a collection of modules and this book presents one module per page&lt;ref name=&quot;modules&quot;/&gt;.  An example is [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] from ETH Oberon.  Additionally there are Tool pages, each of which is a template of executable commands.  An example is [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]].  A system building Tool is a template for rebuilding the entire system, including system installer and module packages.

==Use Cases==
===Educational Workstation===
Oberon is used as a workstation OS in the course in  [https://lec.inf.ethz.ch/syscon/2019/ System Construction] at [[w:ETHZ|ETHZ]].

===Personal Workstation===
Of all Oberon systems, [[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] and [[Oberon/A2|A2]] have the broadest range of application level development for a personal workstation.  Nevertheless capabilities are limited in comparison to familiar commercial systems and [[w:Unix-like|Unix-like]] systems.  By using an Oberon subsystem in one of these familiar systems, benefits are combined.  The subsystem can be installed as an application such as UnixA2.  Alternatively the subsystem can be a guest of a [[w:Hypervisor|hypervisor]] as when ETH Oberon is hosted by [[w:QEMU|QEMU]].  The subsystem can also be emulated; the Oberon RISC emulator being a prime example.  Refer to the table of [[Oberon/System Variants#RISCemu|system variants]].

A leading workstation machine development is at [https://riskfive.com/ SkuTek Instrumentation]. RiskZero and RiskFive machines are listed in the [[Oberon/Computers|Computers]] section.

===Embedded Control System===
Currently a strong interest in Oberon development is in [[w:Embedded_system|embedded systems]]. [https://www.astrobe.com/default.htm Astrobe] provides a [[w:Ms_windows|MS Windows]] based [[w:Integrated_development_environment|integrated development environment]] for producing Oberon source text and executables for industrial controls. [http://www.radiar.ch/page_en.html Radiar] uses the [http://www.radiar.ch/c/index.html A2 Swiss Industrial Controller] in a pigment blending system.

===Comprehensive System===
Systems supporting both software development and operational control are now available. Refer the [https://www.astrobe.com/RISC5/ Astrobe RISC5 Workstation] and [https://oberon-rtk.org/ Oberon RTK].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;responsiveness&quot;&gt;In the preface of ''The Oberon System'' (Pub. Addison-Wesley, 1991) Martin Reiser commented &quot;It is the most responsive system by far known to the author.  This responsiveness substantially improves user productivity;&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;install&quot;&gt;With contemporary facilities, the base system is easily installed using the Oberon0.Dsk image and a [[w:Hypervisor|hypervisor]] such as [[w:QEMU|QEMU]]. Refer to the installation instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon#Installing|ETH Oberon]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;modules&quot;&gt;An Oberon system contains hundreds and in some cases thousands of modules. For any of the system variants, only a small number of modules are presented here. Nevertheless one insight can advance understanding and a small bug fix can be essential to success in a task.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{center|[[Oberon/Support|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Glossary&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Historical Perspective|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 14em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Historical Perspective &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5og6x1w9g3pjxq8eonvbt836bozt2s0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:String2</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>453884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640755</id>
      <parentid>4272681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T01:14:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uzume</username>
        <id>299504</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q16914835|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>4640755</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18021" sha1="ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');
local p = {}

p.trim = function(frame)
	return mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
end

p.sentence = function (frame)
	-- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not.
	frame.args[1] = frame:callParserFunction('lc', frame.args[1])
	return p.ucfirst(frame)
end

p.ucfirst = function (frame)
	local s = frame.args[1];
	if not s or '' == s or s:match ('^%s+$') then								-- when &lt;s&gt; is nil, empty, or only whitespace
		return s;																-- abandon because nothing to do
	end

	s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local s1 = &quot;&quot;

	local prefix_patterns_t = {													-- sequence of prefix patterns
		'^\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%a+%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',						-- stripmarker
		'^([%*;:#]+)',															-- various list markup
		'^(\'\'\'*)',															-- bold / italic markup
		'^(%b&lt;&gt;)',																-- html-like tags because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;%a+;)',																-- html character entities because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;#%d+;)',															-- html numeric (decimal) entities because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;#x%x+;)',															-- html numeric (hexadecimal) entities because some templates render these
		'^(%s+)',																-- any whitespace characters
		'^([%(%)%-%+%?%.%%!~!@%$%^&amp;_={}/`,‘’„“”ʻ|\&quot;\'\\]+)',					-- miscellaneous punctuation
		}
	
	local prefixes_t = {};														-- list, bold/italic, and html-like markup, &amp; whitespace saved here

	local function prefix_strip (s)												-- local function to strip prefixes from &lt;s&gt;
		for _, pattern in ipairs (prefix_patterns_t) do							-- spin through &lt;prefix_patterns_t&gt; 
			if s:match (pattern) then											-- when there is a match
				local prefix = s:match (pattern);								-- get a copy of the matched prefix
				table.insert (prefixes_t, prefix);								-- save it
				s = s:sub (prefix:len() + 1);									-- remove the prefix from &lt;s&gt;
				return s, true;													-- return &lt;s&gt; without prefix and flag; force restart at top of sequence because misc punct removal can break stripmarker
			end
		end
		return s;																-- no prefix found; return &lt;s&gt; with nil flag
	end

	local prefix_removed;														-- flag; boolean true as long as prefix_strip() finds and removes a prefix
	
	repeat																		-- one by one remove list, bold/italic, html-like markup, whitespace, etc from start of &lt;s&gt;
		s, prefix_removed = prefix_strip (s);
	until (not prefix_removed);													-- until &lt;prefix_removed&gt; is nil

	s1 = table.concat (prefixes_t);												-- recreate the prefix string for later reattachment

	local first_text = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]');					-- extract wikilink at start of string if present; TODO: this can be string.match()?

	local upcased;
	if first_text then
		if first_text:match ('^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]') then						-- if &lt;first_text&gt; is a piped link
			upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^|]+|%W*(%w)');				-- get first letter character
			upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);								-- upcase first letter character
			s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%[[^|]+|%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased);		-- replace
		else																	-- here when &lt;first_text&gt; is a wikilink but not a piped link
			upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[%W*%w');						-- get '[[' and first letter
			upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);								-- upcase first letter character
			s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%[%[%W*%w', upcased);						-- replace; no capture needed here
		end

	elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s+[^%]]+%]') then									-- if &lt;s&gt; is a ext link of some sort; must have label text
		upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%S+%s+%W*(%w)');						-- get first letter character
		upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);									-- upcase first letter character
		s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%S+%s+%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased);			-- replace
	
	elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s*%]') then											-- if &lt;s&gt; is a ext link without label text; nothing to do
		return s1 .. s;															-- reattach prefix string (if present) and done

	else																		-- &lt;s&gt; is not a wikilink or ext link; assume plain text
		upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%W*%w');								-- get the first letter character
		upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);									-- upcase first letter character
		s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%W*%w', upcased);								-- replace; no capture needed here
	end

	return s1 .. s;																-- reattach prefix string (if present) and done
end


p.title = function (frame)
	-- http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/rules-for-capitalization-in-titles.html
	-- recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual:
	-- &quot;Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents,
	-- except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor.&quot;
	local alwayslower = {['a'] = 1, ['an'] = 1, ['the'] = 1,
		['and'] = 1, ['but'] = 1, ['or'] = 1, ['for'] = 1,
		['nor'] = 1, ['on'] = 1, ['in'] = 1, ['at'] = 1, ['to'] = 1,
		['from'] = 1, ['by'] = 1, ['of'] = 1, ['up'] = 1 }
	local res = ''
	local s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local words = mw.text.split( s, &quot; &quot;)
	for i, s in ipairs(words) do
		-- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not.
		s = frame:callParserFunction('lc', s)
		if i == 1 or alwayslower[s] ~= 1 then
			s = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(s)
		end
		words[i] = s
	end
	return table.concat(words, &quot; &quot;)
end

-- findlast finds the last item in a list
-- the first unnamed parameter is the list
-- the second, optional unnamed parameter is the list separator (default = comma space)
-- returns the whole list if separator not found
p.findlast = function(frame)
	local s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local sep = frame.args[2] or &quot;&quot;
	if sep == &quot;&quot; then sep = &quot;, &quot; end
	local pattern = &quot;.*&quot; .. sep .. &quot;(.*)&quot;
	local a, b, last = s:find(pattern)
	if a then
		return last
	else
		return s
	end
end

-- stripZeros finds the first number and strips leading zeros (apart from units)
-- e.g &quot;0940&quot; -&gt; &quot;940&quot;; &quot;Year: 0023&quot; -&gt; &quot;Year: 23&quot;; &quot;00.12&quot; -&gt; &quot;0.12&quot;
p.stripZeros = function(frame)
	local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
	local n = tonumber( string.match( s, &quot;%d+&quot; ) ) or &quot;&quot;
	s = string.gsub( s, &quot;%d+&quot;, n, 1 )
	return s
end

-- nowiki ensures that a string of text is treated by the MediaWiki software as just a string
-- it takes an unnamed parameter and trims whitespace, then removes any wikicode
p.nowiki = function(frame)
	local str = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
	return mw.text.nowiki(str)
end

-- split splits text at boundaries specified by separator
-- and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1)
-- #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false
-- #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false
-- if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true
p.split = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
	local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1
	local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or &quot;true&quot;):sub(1,1)
	plain = (plain ~= &quot;f&quot; and plain ~= &quot;n&quot; and plain ~= &quot;0&quot;)
	local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain )
	if idx &lt; 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end
	return splittbl[idx]
end

-- val2percent scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt=
-- it converts each number it finds into a percentage and returns the resultant string.
p.val2percent = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;)
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	local function v2p (x)
		x = (tonumber(x) or 0) * 100
		if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end
		return x .. &quot;%&quot;
	end
	txt = txt:gsub(&quot;%d[%d%.]*&quot;, v2p) -- store just the string
	return txt
end

-- one2a scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt=
-- it converts each occurrence of 'one ' into either 'a ' or 'an ' and returns the resultant string.
p.one2a = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;)
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	txt = txt:gsub(&quot; one &quot;, &quot; a &quot;):gsub(&quot;^one&quot;, &quot;a&quot;):gsub(&quot;One &quot;, &quot;A &quot;):gsub(&quot;a ([aeiou])&quot;, &quot;an %1&quot;):gsub(&quot;A ([aeiou])&quot;, &quot;An %1&quot;)
	return txt
end

-- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page
-- First positional parameter or |text is the search text
-- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page
-- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search
-- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil
p._findpagetext = function(args)
	-- process parameters
	local nomatch = args.nomatch or &quot;&quot;
	if nomatch == &quot;&quot; then nomatch = nil end
	--
	local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or &quot;&quot;)
	if text == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	--
	local title = args.title or &quot;&quot;
	local titleobj
	if title == &quot;&quot; then
		titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	else
		titleobj = mw.title.new(title)
	end
	--
	local plain = args.plain or &quot;&quot;
	if plain:sub(1, 1) == &quot;f&quot; then plain = false else plain = true end
	-- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch
	local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent()
	return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch
end
p.findpagetext = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end
	-- just the first value
	return (p._findpagetext(args))
end

-- returns the decoded url. Inverse of parser function {{urlencode:val|TYPE}}
-- Type is:
-- QUERY decodes + to space (default)
-- PATH does no extra decoding
-- WIKI decodes _ to space
p._urldecode = function(url, type)
	url = url or &quot;&quot;
	type = (type == &quot;PATH&quot; or type == &quot;WIKI&quot;) and type
	return mw.uri.decode( url, type )
end
-- {{#invoke:String2|urldecode|url=url|type=type}}
p.urldecode = function(frame)
	return mw.uri.decode( frame.args.url, frame.args.type )
end

-- what follows was merged from [[Module:StringFunc]]

-- Argument list helper function, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
    local new_args = {};
    local index = 1;
    local value;
    
    for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
        value = frame_args[arg]
        if value == nil then
            value = frame_args[index];
            index = index + 1;
        end
        new_args[arg] = value;
    end
    
    return new_args;
end        

-- Escape Pattern helper function so that all characters are treated as plain text, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._escapePattern( pattern_str )
	return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, &quot;([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot; )
end

-- Helper Function to interpret boolean strings, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._getBoolean( boolean_str )
    local boolean_value;
    
    if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
        boolean_str = boolean_str:lower();
        if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' 
                or boolean_str == '' then
            boolean_value = false;
        else
            boolean_value = true;
        end    
    elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
        boolean_value = boolean_str;
    else
        error( 'No boolean value found' );
    end    
    return boolean_value
end

--[[
Strip

This function Strips characters from string

Usage:
{{#invoke:String2|strip|source_string|characters_to_strip|plain_flag}}

Parameters
	source: The string to strip
	chars:  The pattern or list of characters to strip from string, replaced with ''
	plain:  A flag indicating that the chars should be understood as plain text. defaults to true.

Leading and trailing whitespace is also automatically stripped from the string.
]]
function p.strip( frame )
	local new_args = p._getParameters( frame.args,  {'source', 'chars', 'plain'} )
	local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
	local chars = new_args['chars'] or '' or 'characters'
	source_str = mw.text.trim(source_str)
	if source_str == '' or chars == '' then
		return source_str
	end
	local l_plain = p._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or true )
	if l_plain then
		chars = p._escapePattern( chars )
	end
	local result
	result = mw.ustring.gsub(source_str, &quot;[&quot;..chars..&quot;]&quot;, '')
	return result
end

--[[
Match any
Returns the index of the first given pattern to match the input. Patterns must be consecutively numbered.
Returns the empty string if nothing matches for use in {{#if:}}

Usage:
	{{#invoke:String2|matchAll|source=123 abc|456|abc}} returns '2'.

Parameters:
	source: the string to search
	plain:  A flag indicating that the patterns should be understood as plain text. defaults to true.
	1, 2, 3, ...: the patterns to search for
]]
function p.matchAny(frame)
	local source_str = frame.args['source'] or error('The source parameter is mandatory.')
	local l_plain = p._getBoolean( frame.args['plain'] or true )
	for i = 1, math.huge do
		local pattern = frame.args[i]
		if not pattern then return '' end
		if mw.ustring.find(source_str, pattern, 1, l_plain) then
			return tostring(i)
		end
	end
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions.  The hyphen must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A - B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list

]]
function p.hyphen_to_dash( str, spacing )
	if (str == nil or str == '') then
		return str
	end

	local accept

	str = mw.text.decode(str, true )											-- replace html entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split

	local out = {}
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*')								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item = mw.text.trim(item)												-- trim whitespace
		item, accept = item:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')
		if accept == 0 and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators
			if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or			-- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or			-- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or			-- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit
				item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or								-- digit hyphen digit
				item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then							-- letter hyphen letter
					item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2')	-- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters
			else
				item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–')				-- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item)												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str = table.concat (out, ',' .. spacing)							-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = temp_str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')					-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept ~= 0 then
		temp_str = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')							-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
	end
	return temp_str
end

function p.hyphen2dash( frame )
	local str = frame.args[1] or ''
	local spacing = frame.args[2] or ' ' -- space is part of the standard separator for normal spacing (but in conjunction with templates r/rp/ran we may need a narrower spacing

	return p.hyphen_to_dash(str, spacing)
end

-- Similar to [[Module:String#endswith]]
function p.startswith(frame)
	return (frame.args[1]:sub(1, frame.args[2]:len()) == frame.args[2]) and 'yes' or ''
end

-- Implements [[Template:Isnumeric]]
function p.isnumeric(frame)
	local s = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]
	local boolean = (frame.args.boolean or frame:getParent().args.boolean) == 'true'
	if type(s) == 'string' and mw.getContentLanguage():parseFormattedNumber( s ) then
		return boolean and 1 or s
	end
	return boolean and 0 or ''
end

-- Checks if a value in a group of numbers is not an interger.
-- Allows usage of an |empty= parameter to allow empty values to be skipped.
function p.isInteger(frame)
	local values = frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	local allow_empty = frame.args.empty or frame:getParent().args.empty

	for _, value in ipairs(values) do
		-- Trim spaces
		value = value and value:gsub(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
		if value == &quot;&quot; or value == nil then
			if not allow_empty then
				return false  -- Empty values are not allowed
			end
		else
			value = tonumber(value)
			if not (type(value) == &quot;number&quot; and value == math.floor(value)) then
				return false
			end
		end
	end

	return true
end

-- Returns an error found in a string.
function p.getError(frame)
	local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]
	local error_message = text:match('(&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;.-&lt;/strong&gt;)')
	return error_message or nil
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>JavaScript/Syntax examples</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>472021</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640772</id>
      <parentid>4468783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T08:51:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-36033-38</username>
        <id>3608497</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* More advanced example */</comment>
      <origin>4640772</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15186" sha1="q0ashp9a3ew1msz2kr8jtedzyxqmvzo" xml:space="preserve">These are simple examples of JavaScript syntax.

Variables in JavaScript can be defined using either the &lt;code&gt;var&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var | title=var – JavaScript | publisher=The Mozilla Developer Network | access-date=December 22, 2012 | archive-date=December 23, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223162713/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;code&gt;let&lt;/code&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_let&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=let |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let |website=MDN web docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=June 27, 2018 |ref=moz_let |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528140803/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; or &lt;code&gt;const&lt;/code&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_const&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=const |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const |website=MDN web docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=June 27, 2018 |ref=moz_const |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628044054/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; keywords.  Variables defined without keywords will be defined at the global scope.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Declares a function-scoped variable named `x`, and implicitly assigns the
// special value `undefined` to it. Variables without value are automatically
// set to undefined.
// var is generally considered bad practice and let and const are usually preferred.
var x;

// Variables can be manually set to `undefined` like so
let x2 = undefined;

// Declares a block-scoped variable named `y`, and implicitly sets it to
// `undefined`. The `let` keyword was introduced in ECMAScript 2015.
let y;

// Declares a block-scoped, un-reassignable variable named `z`, and sets it to
// a string literal. The `const` keyword was also introduced in ECMAScript 2015,
// and must be explicitly assigned to.

// The keyword `const` means constant, hence the variable cannot be reassigned
// as the value is `constant`.
const z = &quot;this value cannot be reassigned!&quot;;

// Declares a global-scoped variable and assigns 3.  This is generally considered
// bad practice, and will not work if strict mode is on.
t = 3;

// Declares a variable named `myNumber`, and assigns a number literal (the value
// `2`) to it.
let myNumber = 2;

// Reassigns `myNumber`, setting it to a string literal (the value `&quot;foo&quot;`).
// JavaScript is a dynamically-typed language, so this is legal.
myNumber = &quot;foo&quot;;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Note the [[w:Comment (computer programming)|comments]] in the examples above, all of which were preceded with two [[w:Slash (punctuation)|forward slashes]].

There is no built-in input/output functionality in JavaScript, instead it is provided by the run-time environment. The ECMAScript specification in edition 5.1 mentions that &quot;there are no provisions in this specification for input of external data or output of computed results&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-4| title=ECMAScript Language Specification – ECMA-262 Edition 5.1| publisher=Ecma International| access-date=December 22, 2012| archive-date=November 26, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126044218/https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-4| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
However, most runtime environments have a &lt;code&gt;console&lt;/code&gt; object that can be used to print output.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=console|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/console|work=Mozilla Developer Network|publisher=Mozilla|access-date=April 6, 2013|archive-date=February 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228112150/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/console|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here is a minimalist &quot;Hello, World!&quot; program in JavaScript in a runtime environment with a console object:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
console.log(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
In HTML documents, a program like this is required for an output:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Text nodes can be made using the &quot;write&quot; method.
// This is frowned upon, as it can overwrite the document if the document is fully loaded.
document.write('foo');

// Elements can be made too. First, they have to be created in the DOM.
const myElem = document.createElement('span');

// Attributes like classes and the id can be set as well
myElem.classList.add('foo');
myElem.id = 'bar';

// After setting this, the tag will look like this: `&lt;span class=&quot;foo&quot; id=&quot;bar&quot; data-attr=&quot;baz&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;`
myElem.setAttribute('data-attr', 'baz'); // Which could also be written as `myElem.dataset.attr = 'baz'`

// Finally append it as a child element to the &lt;body&gt; in the HTML
document.body.appendChild(myElem);

// Elements can be imperatively grabbed with querySelector for one element, or querySelectorAll for multiple elements that can be looped with forEach
document.querySelector('.class'); // Selects the first element with the &quot;class&quot; class
document.querySelector('#id'); // Selects the first element with an `id` of &quot;id&quot;
document.querySelector('[data-other]'); // Selects the first element with the &quot;data-other&quot; attribute
document.querySelectorAll('.multiple'); // Returns an Array-like NodeList of all elements with the &quot;multiple&quot; class
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;A simple [[w:Recursion (computer science)|recursive]] function to calculate the [[w:factorial|factorial]] of a [[w:natural number|natural number]]:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function factorial(n) {
    // Checking the argument for legitimacy. Factorial is defined for positive integers.
    if (isNaN(n)) {
        console.error(&quot;Non-numerical argument not allowed.&quot;);
        return NaN; // The special value: Not a Number
    }
    if (n === 0)
        return 1; // 0! = 1
    if (n &lt; 0)
        return undefined; // Factorial of negative numbers is not defined.
    if (n % 1) {
        console.warn(`${n} will be rounded to the closest integer. For non-integers consider using gamma function instead.`);
        n = Math.round(n);
    }
    // The above checks need not be repeated in the recursion, hence defining the actual recursive part separately below.

    // The following line is a function expression to recursively compute the factorial. It uses the arrow syntax introduced in ES6.
    const recursivelyCompute = a =&gt; a &gt; 1 ? a * recursivelyCompute(a - 1) : 1; // Note the use of the ternary operator `?`.
    return recursivelyCompute(n);
}

factorial(3); // Returns 6
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

An [[w:anonymous function|anonymous function]] (or lambda):

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
const counter = function() {
    let count = 0;
    return function() {
        return ++count;
    }
};

const x = counter();
x(); // Returns 1
x(); // Returns 2
x(); // Returns 3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This example shows that, in JavaScript, [[w:Closure (computer programming)|function closures]] capture their non-local variables by reference.

Arrow functions were first introduced in [[w:ECMAScript#6th Edition – ECMAScript 2015|6th Edition – ECMAScript 2015]]. They shorten the syntax for writing functions in JavaScript. Arrow functions are anonymous, so a variable is needed to refer to them in order to invoke them after their creation, unless surrounded by parenthesis and executed immediately.

Example of arrow function:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Arrow functions let us omit the `function` keyword.
// Here `long_example` points to an anonymous function value.
const long_example = (input1, input2) =&gt; {
    console.log(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;);
    const output = input1 + input2;

    return output;
};

// If there are no braces, the arrow function simply returns the expression
// So here it's (input1 + input2)
const short_example = (input1, input2) =&gt; input1 + input2;

long_example(2, 3); // Prints &quot;Hello, World!&quot; and returns 5
short_example(2, 5);  // Returns 7

// If an arrow function has only one parameter, the parentheses can be removed.
const no_parentheses = input =&gt; input + 2;

no_parentheses(3); // Returns 5

// An arrow function, like other function definitions, can be executed in the same statement as they are created.
// This is useful when writing libraries to avoid filling the global scope, and for closures.
let three = ((a, b) =&gt; a + b) (1, 2);

const generate_multiplier_function = a =&gt; (b =&gt; isNaN(b) || !b ? a : a*=b);
const five_multiples = generate_multiplier_function(5); // The supplied argument &quot;seeds&quot; the expression and is retained by a.
five_multiples(1); // Returns 5
five_multiples(3); // Returns 15
five_multiples(4); // Returns 60
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In JavaScript, [[w:Object (computer science)|objects]] can be created as [[w:Instance (computer science)|instances]] of a [[w:class (computer science)|class]].

Object class example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
class Ball {

   constructor(radius) {
      this.radius = radius;
      this.area = Math.PI * ( radius ** 2 );
   }

   // Classes (and thus objects) can contain functions known as methods
   show() {
      console.log(this.radius);
   }
};

const myBall = new Ball(5); // Creates a new instance of the ball object with radius 5
myBall.radius++; // Object properties can usually be modified from the outside
myBall.show();   // Using the inherited &quot;show&quot; function logs &quot;6&quot;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In JavaScript, [[w:Object (computer science)|objects]] can be instantiated directly from a function.

Object functional example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function Ball(radius) {

   const area = Math.PI * ( radius ** 2 );
   const obj = { radius, area };

   // Objects are mutable, and functions can be added as properties.
   obj.show = () =&gt; console.log(obj.radius);
   return obj;
};

const myBall = Ball(5); // Creates a new ball object with radius 5. No &quot;new&quot; keyword needed.
myBall.radius++; // The instance property can be modified.
myBall.show();   // Using the &quot;show&quot; function logs &quot;6&quot; - the new instance value.
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Variadic function|Variadic function]] demonstration (&lt;code&gt;arguments&lt;/code&gt; is a special [[w:variable (programming)|variable]]):&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=arguments|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments|work=Mozilla Developer Network|publisher=Mozilla|access-date=April 6, 2013|archive-date=April 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413230225/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- What about spread syntax? https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_syntax --&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function sum() {
    let x = 0;

    for (let i = 0; i &lt; arguments.length; ++i)
        x += arguments[i];

    return x;
}

sum(1, 2); // Returns 3
sum(1, 2, 3); // Returns 6

// As of ES6, using the rest operator.
function sum(...args) {
    return args.reduce((a, b) =&gt; a + b);
}

sum(1, 2); // Returns 3
sum(1, 2, 3); // Returns 6
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Immediately-invoked function expression|Immediately-invoked function expression]]s are often used to create closures. Closures allow gathering properties and methods in a namespace and making some of them private:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
let counter = (function() {
    let i = 0; // Private property

    return {   // Public methods
        get: function() {
            alert(i);
        },
        set: function(value) {
            i = value;
        },
        increment: function() {
            alert(++i);
        }
    };
})(); // Module

counter.get(); // Returns 0
counter.set(6);
counter.increment(); // Returns 7
counter.increment(); // Returns 8
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Generator (computer programming)|Generator]] objects (in the form of generator functions) provide a function which can be called, exited, and re-entered while maintaining internal context (statefulness).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=function* - JavaScript {{!}} MDN |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function* |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=developer.mozilla.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function* rawCounter() {
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
}

function* dynamicCounter() {
    let count = 0;
    while (true) {
        // It is not recommended to utilize while true loops in most cases.
        yield ++count;
    }
}

// Instances
const counter1 = rawCounter();
const counter2 = dynamicCounter();

// Implementation
counter1.next(); // {value: 1, done: false}
counter1.next(); // {value: 2, done: false}
counter1.next(); // {value: undefined, done: true}

counter2.next(); // {value: 1, done: false}
counter2.next(); // {value: 2, done: false}
counter2.next(); // {value: 3, done: false}
// ...infinitely
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

JavaScript can export and import from modules:&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_modules&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=JavaScript modules |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules |website=MDN Web Docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717083604/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules |archive-date=17 July 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Export example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
/* mymodule.js */
// This function remains private, as it is not exported
let sum = (a, b) =&gt; {
    return a + b;
}

// Export variables
export let name = 'Alice';
export let age = 23;

// Export named functions
export function add(num1, num2) {
    return num1 + num2;
}

// Export class
export class Multiplication {
    constructor(num1, num2) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
    }

    add() {
        return sum(this.num1, this.num2);
    }
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Import example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Import one property
import { add } from './mymodule.js';
console.log(add(1, 2));
//&gt; 3

// Import multiple properties
import { name, age } from './mymodule.js';
console.log(name, age);
//&gt; &quot;Alice&quot;, 23

// Import all properties from a module
import * from './module.js'
console.log(name, age);
//&gt; &quot;Alice&quot;, 23
console.log(add(1,2));
//&gt; 3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== More advanced example ===
This sample code displays various JavaScript features.
&lt;!-- Don't try to standardize any styling in this example—its purpose is to showcase language syntax, not provide some standard role model. --&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
type(false:true); function(&quot;isNaN&quot;):


// &quot;Type&quot; is another word name of the place is closed and we need some rid of the room is triangle with exclamation points to dollars and then apply at a hotel restaurant in same spot boat before the election results as well-advised to go to your account details of this one days ago and now the whole time.
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>q0ashp9a3ew1msz2kr8jtedzyxqmvzo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4640773</id>
      <parentid>4640772</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-36033-38|~2026-36033-38]] ([[User talk:~2026-36033-38|talk]]) to last version by MathXplore</comment>
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      <text bytes="18392" sha1="a8ktz26d628o9nzzczw0jyrfdgw4n32" xml:space="preserve">These are simple examples of JavaScript syntax.

Variables in JavaScript can be defined using either the &lt;code&gt;var&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var | title=var – JavaScript | publisher=The Mozilla Developer Network | access-date=December 22, 2012 | archive-date=December 23, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223162713/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;code&gt;let&lt;/code&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_let&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=let |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let |website=MDN web docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=June 27, 2018 |ref=moz_let |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528140803/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; or &lt;code&gt;const&lt;/code&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_const&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=const |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const |website=MDN web docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=June 27, 2018 |ref=moz_const |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628044054/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; keywords.  Variables defined without keywords will be defined at the global scope.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Declares a function-scoped variable named `x`, and implicitly assigns the
// special value `undefined` to it. Variables without value are automatically
// set to undefined.
// var is generally considered bad practice and let and const are usually preferred.
var x;

// Variables can be manually set to `undefined` like so
let x2 = undefined;

// Declares a block-scoped variable named `y`, and implicitly sets it to
// `undefined`. The `let` keyword was introduced in ECMAScript 2015.
let y;

// Declares a block-scoped, un-reassignable variable named `z`, and sets it to
// a string literal. The `const` keyword was also introduced in ECMAScript 2015,
// and must be explicitly assigned to.

// The keyword `const` means constant, hence the variable cannot be reassigned
// as the value is `constant`.
const z = &quot;this value cannot be reassigned!&quot;;

// Declares a global-scoped variable and assigns 3.  This is generally considered
// bad practice, and will not work if strict mode is on.
t = 3;

// Declares a variable named `myNumber`, and assigns a number literal (the value
// `2`) to it.
let myNumber = 2;

// Reassigns `myNumber`, setting it to a string literal (the value `&quot;foo&quot;`).
// JavaScript is a dynamically-typed language, so this is legal.
myNumber = &quot;foo&quot;;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Note the [[w:Comment (computer programming)|comments]] in the examples above, all of which were preceded with two [[w:Slash (punctuation)|forward slashes]].

There is no built-in input/output functionality in JavaScript, instead it is provided by the run-time environment. The ECMAScript specification in edition 5.1 mentions that &quot;there are no provisions in this specification for input of external data or output of computed results&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-4| title=ECMAScript Language Specification – ECMA-262 Edition 5.1| publisher=Ecma International| access-date=December 22, 2012| archive-date=November 26, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126044218/https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-4| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
However, most runtime environments have a &lt;code&gt;console&lt;/code&gt; object that can be used to print output.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=console|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/console|work=Mozilla Developer Network|publisher=Mozilla|access-date=April 6, 2013|archive-date=February 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228112150/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/console|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here is a minimalist &quot;Hello, World!&quot; program in JavaScript in a runtime environment with a console object:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
console.log(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
In HTML documents, a program like this is required for an output:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Text nodes can be made using the &quot;write&quot; method.
// This is frowned upon, as it can overwrite the document if the document is fully loaded.
document.write('foo');

// Elements can be made too. First, they have to be created in the DOM.
const myElem = document.createElement('span');

// Attributes like classes and the id can be set as well
myElem.classList.add('foo');
myElem.id = 'bar';

// After setting this, the tag will look like this: `&lt;span class=&quot;foo&quot; id=&quot;bar&quot; data-attr=&quot;baz&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;`
myElem.setAttribute('data-attr', 'baz'); // Which could also be written as `myElem.dataset.attr = 'baz'`

// Finally append it as a child element to the &lt;body&gt; in the HTML
document.body.appendChild(myElem);

// Elements can be imperatively grabbed with querySelector for one element, or querySelectorAll for multiple elements that can be looped with forEach
document.querySelector('.class'); // Selects the first element with the &quot;class&quot; class
document.querySelector('#id'); // Selects the first element with an `id` of &quot;id&quot;
document.querySelector('[data-other]'); // Selects the first element with the &quot;data-other&quot; attribute
document.querySelectorAll('.multiple'); // Returns an Array-like NodeList of all elements with the &quot;multiple&quot; class
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;A simple [[w:Recursion (computer science)|recursive]] function to calculate the [[w:factorial|factorial]] of a [[w:natural number|natural number]]:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function factorial(n) {
    // Checking the argument for legitimacy. Factorial is defined for positive integers.
    if (isNaN(n)) {
        console.error(&quot;Non-numerical argument not allowed.&quot;);
        return NaN; // The special value: Not a Number
    }
    if (n === 0)
        return 1; // 0! = 1
    if (n &lt; 0)
        return undefined; // Factorial of negative numbers is not defined.
    if (n % 1) {
        console.warn(`${n} will be rounded to the closest integer. For non-integers consider using gamma function instead.`);
        n = Math.round(n);
    }
    // The above checks need not be repeated in the recursion, hence defining the actual recursive part separately below.

    // The following line is a function expression to recursively compute the factorial. It uses the arrow syntax introduced in ES6.
    const recursivelyCompute = a =&gt; a &gt; 1 ? a * recursivelyCompute(a - 1) : 1; // Note the use of the ternary operator `?`.
    return recursivelyCompute(n);
}

factorial(3); // Returns 6
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

An [[w:anonymous function|anonymous function]] (or lambda):

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
const counter = function() {
    let count = 0;
    return function() {
        return ++count;
    }
};

const x = counter();
x(); // Returns 1
x(); // Returns 2
x(); // Returns 3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This example shows that, in JavaScript, [[w:Closure (computer programming)|function closures]] capture their non-local variables by reference.

Arrow functions were first introduced in [[w:ECMAScript#6th Edition – ECMAScript 2015|6th Edition – ECMAScript 2015]]. They shorten the syntax for writing functions in JavaScript. Arrow functions are anonymous, so a variable is needed to refer to them in order to invoke them after their creation, unless surrounded by parenthesis and executed immediately.

Example of arrow function:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Arrow functions let us omit the `function` keyword.
// Here `long_example` points to an anonymous function value.
const long_example = (input1, input2) =&gt; {
    console.log(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;);
    const output = input1 + input2;

    return output;
};

// If there are no braces, the arrow function simply returns the expression
// So here it's (input1 + input2)
const short_example = (input1, input2) =&gt; input1 + input2;

long_example(2, 3); // Prints &quot;Hello, World!&quot; and returns 5
short_example(2, 5);  // Returns 7

// If an arrow function has only one parameter, the parentheses can be removed.
const no_parentheses = input =&gt; input + 2;

no_parentheses(3); // Returns 5

// An arrow function, like other function definitions, can be executed in the same statement as they are created.
// This is useful when writing libraries to avoid filling the global scope, and for closures.
let three = ((a, b) =&gt; a + b) (1, 2);

const generate_multiplier_function = a =&gt; (b =&gt; isNaN(b) || !b ? a : a*=b);
const five_multiples = generate_multiplier_function(5); // The supplied argument &quot;seeds&quot; the expression and is retained by a.
five_multiples(1); // Returns 5
five_multiples(3); // Returns 15
five_multiples(4); // Returns 60
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In JavaScript, [[w:Object (computer science)|objects]] can be created as [[w:Instance (computer science)|instances]] of a [[w:class (computer science)|class]].

Object class example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
class Ball {

   constructor(radius) {
      this.radius = radius;
      this.area = Math.PI * ( radius ** 2 );
   }

   // Classes (and thus objects) can contain functions known as methods
   show() {
      console.log(this.radius);
   }
};

const myBall = new Ball(5); // Creates a new instance of the ball object with radius 5
myBall.radius++; // Object properties can usually be modified from the outside
myBall.show();   // Using the inherited &quot;show&quot; function logs &quot;6&quot;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In JavaScript, [[w:Object (computer science)|objects]] can be instantiated directly from a function.

Object functional example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function Ball(radius) {

   const area = Math.PI * ( radius ** 2 );
   const obj = { radius, area };

   // Objects are mutable, and functions can be added as properties.
   obj.show = () =&gt; console.log(obj.radius);
   return obj;
};

const myBall = Ball(5); // Creates a new ball object with radius 5. No &quot;new&quot; keyword needed.
myBall.radius++; // The instance property can be modified.
myBall.show();   // Using the &quot;show&quot; function logs &quot;6&quot; - the new instance value.
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Variadic function|Variadic function]] demonstration (&lt;code&gt;arguments&lt;/code&gt; is a special [[w:variable (programming)|variable]]):&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=arguments|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments|work=Mozilla Developer Network|publisher=Mozilla|access-date=April 6, 2013|archive-date=April 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413230225/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- What about spread syntax? https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_syntax --&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function sum() {
    let x = 0;

    for (let i = 0; i &lt; arguments.length; ++i)
        x += arguments[i];

    return x;
}

sum(1, 2); // Returns 3
sum(1, 2, 3); // Returns 6

// As of ES6, using the rest operator.
function sum(...args) {
    return args.reduce((a, b) =&gt; a + b);
}

sum(1, 2); // Returns 3
sum(1, 2, 3); // Returns 6
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Immediately-invoked function expression|Immediately-invoked function expression]]s are often used to create closures. Closures allow gathering properties and methods in a namespace and making some of them private:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
let counter = (function() {
    let i = 0; // Private property

    return {   // Public methods
        get: function() {
            alert(i);
        },
        set: function(value) {
            i = value;
        },
        increment: function() {
            alert(++i);
        }
    };
})(); // Module

counter.get(); // Returns 0
counter.set(6);
counter.increment(); // Returns 7
counter.increment(); // Returns 8
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

[[w:Generator (computer programming)|Generator]] objects (in the form of generator functions) provide a function which can be called, exited, and re-entered while maintaining internal context (statefulness).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=function* - JavaScript {{!}} MDN |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function* |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=developer.mozilla.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function* rawCounter() {
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
}

function* dynamicCounter() {
    let count = 0;
    while (true) {
        // It is not recommended to utilize while true loops in most cases.
        yield ++count;
    }
}

// Instances
const counter1 = rawCounter();
const counter2 = dynamicCounter();

// Implementation
counter1.next(); // {value: 1, done: false}
counter1.next(); // {value: 2, done: false}
counter1.next(); // {value: undefined, done: true}

counter2.next(); // {value: 1, done: false}
counter2.next(); // {value: 2, done: false}
counter2.next(); // {value: 3, done: false}
// ...infinitely
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

JavaScript can export and import from modules:&lt;ref name=&quot;moz_modules&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=JavaScript modules |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules |website=MDN Web Docs |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717083604/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules |archive-date=17 July 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Export example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
/* mymodule.js */
// This function remains private, as it is not exported
let sum = (a, b) =&gt; {
    return a + b;
}

// Export variables
export let name = 'Alice';
export let age = 23;

// Export named functions
export function add(num1, num2) {
    return num1 + num2;
}

// Export class
export class Multiplication {
    constructor(num1, num2) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
    }

    add() {
        return sum(this.num1, this.num2);
    }
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Import example:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
// Import one property
import { add } from './mymodule.js';
console.log(add(1, 2));
//&gt; 3

// Import multiple properties
import { name, age } from './mymodule.js';
console.log(name, age);
//&gt; &quot;Alice&quot;, 23

// Import all properties from a module
import * from './module.js'
console.log(name, age);
//&gt; &quot;Alice&quot;, 23
console.log(add(1,2));
//&gt; 3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== More advanced example ===
This sample code displays various JavaScript features.
&lt;!-- Don't try to standardize any styling in this example—its purpose is to showcase language syntax, not provide some standard role model. --&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
/* Finds the lowest common multiple (LCM) of two numbers */
function LCMCalculator(x, y) { // constructor function
    if (isNaN(x*y)) throw new TypeError(&quot;Non-numeric arguments not allowed.&quot;);
    const checkInt = function(x) { // inner function
        if (x % 1 !== 0)
            throw new TypeError(x + &quot;is not an integer&quot;);

        return x;
    };

    this.a = checkInt(x)
    //   semicolons   ^^^^  are optional, a newline is enough
    this.b = checkInt(y);
}
// The prototype of object instances created by a constructor is
// that constructor's &quot;prototype&quot; property.
LCMCalculator.prototype = { // object literal
    constructor: LCMCalculator, // when reassigning a prototype, set the constructor property appropriately
    gcd: function() { // method that calculates the greatest common divisor
        // Euclidean algorithm:
        let a = Math.abs(this.a), b = Math.abs(this.b), t;

        if (a &lt; b) {
            // swap variables
            // t = b; b = a; a = t;
            [a, b] = [b, a]; // swap using destructuring assignment (ES6)
        }

        while (b !== 0) {
            t = b;
            b = a % b;
            a = t;
        }

        // Only need to calculate GCD once, so &quot;redefine&quot; this method.
        // (Actually not redefinition—it's defined on the instance itself,
        // so that this.gcd refers to this &quot;redefinition&quot; instead of LCMCalculator.prototype.gcd.
        // Note that this leads to a wrong result if the LCMCalculator object members &quot;a&quot; or &quot;b&quot; are altered afterwards.)
        // Also, 'gcd' === &quot;gcd&quot;, this['gcd'] === this.gcd
        this['gcd'] = function() {
            return a;
        };

        return a;
    },

    // Object property names can be specified by strings delimited by double (&quot;) or single (') quotes.
    &quot;lcm&quot;: function() {
        // Variable names do not collide with object properties, e.g., |lcm| is not |this.lcm|.
        // not using |this.a*this.b| to avoid FP precision issues
        let lcm = this.a / this.gcd() * this.b;

        // Only need to calculate lcm once, so &quot;redefine&quot; this method.
        this.lcm = function() {
            return lcm;
        };

        return lcm;
    },

    // Methods can also be declared using ES6 syntax
    toString() {
        // Using both ES6 template literals and the (+) operator to concatenate values
        return `LCMCalculator: a = ${this.a}, b = ` + this.b;
    }
};

// Define generic output function; this implementation only works for Web browsers
function output(x) {
    document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode(x));
    document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('br'));
}

// Note: Array's map() and forEach() are defined in JavaScript 1.6.
// They are used here to demonstrate JavaScript's inherent functional nature.
[
    [25, 55],
    [21, 56],
    [22, 58],
    [28, 56]
].map(function(pair) { // array literal + mapping function
    return new LCMCalculator(pair[0], pair[1]);
}).sort((a, b) =&gt; a.lcm() - b.lcm()) // sort with this comparative function; =&gt; is a shorthand form of a function, called &quot;arrow function&quot;
    .forEach(printResult);

function printResult(obj) {
    output(obj + &quot;, gcd = &quot; + obj.gcd() + &quot;, lcm = &quot; + obj.lcm());
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The following output should be displayed in the browser window.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;output&quot;&gt;
LCMCalculator: a = 28, b = 56, gcd = 28, lcm = 56
LCMCalculator: a = 21, b = 56, gcd = 7, lcm = 168
LCMCalculator: a = 25, b = 55, gcd = 5, lcm = 275
LCMCalculator: a = 22, b = 58, gcd = 2, lcm = 638
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a8ktz26d628o9nzzczw0jyrfdgw4n32</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>General Literary Chinese from Scratch</title>
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        <id>3560559</id>
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Welcome to the Wikibook for Literary Chinese (Known as 漢文 &quot;Han Language&quot; in East Asia or 文言 &quot;Literary Language&quot; in China), aimed at individuals hoping to gain a general knowledge of it before progressing into genres they wish to be acquainted with. 

This is not the [[Classical Chinese]] textbook, which is aimed at Chinese Zhou-Qin era texts. This  text aims to shed light on post-Zhou-Qin texts across East Asia, which mimic those texts. However, as Zhou-Qin era texts served as the main body from which individuals learned, they are employed here as and when they are considered necessary or otherwise useful. It does so through a &quot;buffet&quot; approach, showering you, the reader, with an ocean of texts of myriad genre. 

==Table of Contents==

=== Front matter ===

* [[/Introduction/]]
* [[/Appendices/]]

=== Useful resources ===
These are quick grab-bags that can be useful for vocabulary-building. 
* [[/Antonym List/]] &lt;!--- 文/武，大/小，厚/薄，橫/縱...---&gt;
* [[/Collocation Groups/]] &lt;!--- e.g. 四象，三靈…… ---&gt;
* [https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Subject:華製新漢語及中文固有語/嚴譯及部定詞等 Yan Fu's Qing-era translations for modern terms] &lt;!--- Wikiversity has this (https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Subject:華製新漢語及中文固有語/嚴譯及部定詞等) and the below, I will effectively be translating a lot of it! ---&gt;
* [https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Subject:華製新漢語及中文固有語/上古語考輯 Communicative Terms]
&lt;!--- this will be translated eventually, but right now it's bad to just leave this here. ---&gt;

=== Useful primers ===
Across history, many primers have been made for teaching Literary Chinese to children. These are a few that are recommended for use alongside this work, ideally in flashcards. 
* [https://www.fdgwz.org.cn/Web/Show/11308 倉頡篇] - Cangjie's Chapters, the earliest one. It is extant, but incomplete. It contains several rare characters, and so if used, I would personally recommend doing so later, or out of interest. 
* 三字經 - The Three Character Classic, an excellent piece for Confucian education. Pair with 弟子规 for best results. 
** 三字經（太平天國版）- For Christians, there is a version made by Hong Xiuquan from the Taiping Rebellion. Despite the context, it is a legitimately useful primer and can be used to self-teach for the Delegate's Edition of the Christian Bible. 
* 千字文 - The Thousand Character Classic, a remarkable piece of constrained writing that only uses each character once. Amazing for building vocabulary whilst seeing historical allusions and the like. 
* 五字鑑 - The Five-Character Mirror, essentially the 24 Histories of China compressed into a primer. Uses 5-character couplets, the longest in this list. 
* 龍文鞭影 - The Shadow of Longwen's Whip, a historical allusion trainer. Best paired with a context piece.

===Unit 0: The Han script===
This unit is intended for those with no familiarity of the Han script. It will prepare you for the units ahead, teaching largely pictographic characters. 

By the end of this unit, students will:
* Recognise around 50 characters.
* Understand how characters are composed and how this gives them meaning.
* Have a basic idea of how to handwrite and/or type characters using the Cangjie Input Method.
* Know some bare basics of Literary Chinese grammar (e.g. Basic word order, where adjectives go, lack of &quot;is&quot;, 有...)

Lessons:
# [[/An Introduction to the Han Script/]]
# [[/People, Big and Small/]]
# [[/How do we write Chinese?/]]
# [[/What are Chinese characters, anyway?/]]
# [[/The Sun, the Moon, and the Five Elements/]]
# [[/Getting Familiar with Body Parts/]]
# [[/Using Numbers and Using Weapons/]] &lt;!--- 竹戈十大中一弓廿卜---&gt;
# [[/Tilling the Fields with 有/]] &lt;!--- 山田 ---&gt;
# [[/How Characters are Made/]] &lt;!--- teach 難 and 重, plus the compound ideograms, phono-semantic compounds, and semantic compounds ---&gt;
# [[/Cangjie Created Characters/]] &lt;!--- Get people to use Cangjie ---&gt;
# [[/The Kangxi Radical System/]] &lt;!--- Introduce some monoradical texts to train recognition. ---&gt; 
# [[/How do we read Chinese?/]] &lt;!--- Deploy one of my monosyllabic poems and inductively teach phono-semantic compounds. ---&gt; 
# [[/Word Training with Kiyohara no Sanemoto/]]
&lt;!---
字訓詩·清原真友·平安時代
禾失曾知秩，中心豈忘忠。里魚穿浪鯉，江鳥度秋鴻。

火盡仍為燼，山高自作嵩。色絲辭不絕，凡虫泣寒風。
---&gt;

===Unit 1: Basic Skills===
This unit is intended for those with minimal familiarity with the Han script and no familiarity with Literary Chinese. There is a focus on simple structures, skills for dissecting common textual structures, and short-form poetry in this unit. 

Before starting this unit, students should:
* Recognise around ~30 characters. 
* Can use Cangjie input. 
* Have given Unit 0 a cursory glance. 
&lt;br&gt;
By the end of this unit, students will:
* Recognise around ~100 characters. 
* Comprehend numbers, the Heavenly Stems, and the Earthly Branches, and be able to use them to quantify time and date.
* Intuit the basic topic -&gt; comment idea behind Literary Chinese. &quot;This, it is...&quot; 
* Understand basic function words such as 也, 而, 有, and 謂.

Lessons:
# [[/The All-Purpose 也/]]
# [[/An Introduction to Chinese Numbers/]] &lt;!--- It is hard to find authentic materials for this ---&gt;
# [[/One, Two, Left, and Right with Gongsun Long/]]
&lt;!---
曰：「二有一乎？」

曰：「二無一。」

曰：「二有右乎？」

曰：「二無右。」

曰：「二有左乎？」

曰：「二無左。」

曰：「右可謂二乎？」

曰：「不可。」

曰：「左可謂二乎？」

曰：「不可。」

曰：「左與右可謂二乎？」

曰：「可。」
---&gt;
# [[/The Heavenly Stems/]] &lt;!--- Introduce ordinals, which will be used to demonstrate sentence patterns later. ---&gt;
# [[/Tell the Time with Earthly Branches/]] &lt;!--- Introduce verbs and timekeeping ---&gt;
# [[/Lunar Dates with the Spring and Autumn Annals/]]
&lt;!--- Vocabulary: 歲，年，朔，月，日，來，前，初，正，春秋夏冬，曆，上，下. Consider including traditional names for months in a list. ---&gt;
# [[/Skimming for Major Events in Historical Annals/]] 
&lt;!--- Don't simply use Confucius's Chunqiu: We can use texts inspired by it. 

E.g. 三國史記 - 十五年京城旱。秋七月，蝗。very few new characters, lots one can use. Instantly able to use. 
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B701

Skimming annals is very possible and a very useful skill. Don't skip out on it. Teach students to skim read!!! 
---&gt;
# [[/Dinner with the Daimyo/]]
&lt;!-- 
侍宴·大友皇子
皇明光日月，帝徳載天地。
三才併秦昌，万国表臣義。
--&gt; 
# [[/In Discourse with Jibong/]]
&lt;!--
芝峰類說 
倭國謂田爲畠。謂水田爲田。火田爲畑。猶我國以水田爲畓也。故官名有畠山殿。地名有畑島云。
--&gt;
# [[/Shinto FAQ with Honda Chikaatsu/]] 
&lt;!--- https://wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9E%E9%81%93%E5%95%8F%E5%B0%8D 眞道問對 本田親徳 really good way of operationalising 乎 and much of the early grammar. 

問 天帝無始無終乎。
對 天帝無始無終也。
旣以無始無終之力
與無始無終之體
造無始無終之萬物。
其功亦無始無終也。

問 天地大原在道乎。
對 天地大原實在道。
鬼神依道而立。
人民依道而活。
萬物依道而息。

This is great! ---&gt;

&lt;!---
Some cool stuff I saw someone studying from
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8F%E7%9F%B3%E6%BD%AD%E8%A8%98#
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%88%9F%E8%A8%98

Could be used for period focus
---&gt;

===Unit 2: An Overview of Sinitic Poetry===
This unit will teach you how Sinitic Poetry operates; - that is, the way individuals in the Sinosphere compose poetry in Literary Chinese. Despite this language's fall out of favour in the past century, this tradition is still remarkably alive and well, and their short length makes them more accessible than elaborate prose. In this unit, you will begin from the ''Classic of Poetry'' before travelling through poems from the Tang dynasty, Singapore, Japan, Vietnam, the Ryukyu Kingdom, and Korea. When introducing poetry, I will furthermore use the language from the nation it is from to show how it is recited by its people. 

After discussing the Classic of Poetry, we will also be a small detour into a discussion on Ping-Ze 平仄, the Tang dynasty system of alternating tones, so to produce rhyme on tonal and phonological levels. This had a major impact on Literary Chinese poetry as a whole!

By the end of this Unit, students will:
* Recognise around 120 more characters.
* Be able to explain how Sinitic Poetry rhymes and the themes it contains.
* Be able to use function words such as 在, 無, 不, 聿, and 于/於 in poetic contexts.
* Recognise the switch between 吾/我 in the subject-object positions and demonstrate it in usage.
* (Chinese speakers) Be able to differentiate 于 and 於, and understand the &quot;interest(ed) in&quot; meaning of 好 in most circumstances.
&lt;!---
Summary of the above part about 于 and 於 for other editors:
于 and 於 were distinct words for an extremely long time and were still such to Literary Chinese writers. Their &quot;merging&quot; through Simplified-Traditional Chinese distinctions is a very modern thing. I will summarise their usages here, using Pulleyblank's Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar (2000);
* 于 - This can mean &quot;to go&quot; or &quot;to/at&quot;. 黃鳥于飛 &quot;The yellow birds go flying&quot;. Must be post-verbal. It can also appear in 至于.
* 於 - This is an all-purpose locative preposition - from &quot;on/at/in&quot; to &quot;from&quot; or even &quot;than&quot; (甲於乙). The implication of motion is not there at all. Must be pre-verbal. It can also appear in 之於 or be an archaic noun for a crow 於 (烏).
---&gt;

Lessons:
# [[/Across the Rivers with Emperor Puliuru Guang/]]
&lt;!---
春江花月夜·楊廣
夜露含花氣，春潭漾月暉。
漢水逢遊女，湘川值二妃。

This is really simple and can elucidate Ping-Ze easily.
---&gt;
# [[/To Study the Odes/]] 
&lt;!-- 蟋蟀·姬旦 國風·唐風
蟋蟀在堂，歲聿其莫。今我不樂，日月其除。無已大康，職思其居。好樂無荒，良士瞿瞿。
蟋蟀在堂，歲聿其逝。今我不樂，日月其邁。無已大康，職思其外。好樂無荒，良士蹶蹶。
蟋蟀在堂，役車其休。今我不樂，日月其慆。無已大康，職思其憂。好樂無荒，良士休休。
--&gt;
&lt;!-- 黃鳥 小雅·鴻鴈之什
黃鳥黃鳥，無集于穀，無啄我粟。
此邦之人，不我肯穀。言旋言歸，復我邦族。

黃鳥黃鳥，無集于桑，無啄我粱。
此邦之人，不可與明。言旋言歸，復我諸兄。

黃鳥黃鳥，無集于栩，無啄我黍。
此邦之人，不可與處。言旋言歸，復我諸父。
--&gt;
# [[/A Detour into Orthodox Ping-Ze/]] 
&lt;!--- 平 and 仄 are useful characters themselves. Show 仄 in the binomes 反仄，歉仄，逼仄 as it's often difficult to immediately use ---&gt;
# [[/The Restraint of Du Fu/]] 
# [[/The Longing of Li Bai/]] 
# [[/The Environment with Bukha Timur/]]
&lt;!---
西湖竹枝詞·布哈特穆爾
湖上春歸人未歸，桃紅柳緑黄鶯飛。
桃花落時多結子，楊花落處秪沾衣。

宫词·布哈特穆爾
玉樓珠箔晚天涼，秋色依稀滿建章。
金井梧桐霜葉盡，自隨流水出宮牆。

Mongol writer from the Uyghur Kingdom of Gaochang
Spammed Ctrl+F in https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E9%81%B8%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%9D%E8%A9%A9_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)
---&gt;
# [[/Pillow Talk with Guan Yunshi/]]
&lt;!---
紅繡鞋·貫雲石
挨著靠著雲窗同坐，偎著抱著月枕雙歌，聽著數著愁著怕著早四更過。四更過情未足，情未足夜如梭。天哪，更閏一更兒妨甚么！

Uyghur author!
---&gt;
# [[/Buddhist Philosophy with Ngô Chân Lưu and Taisei Shōan/]]
&lt;!-- 元火·吳真流
木中元有火，元火復還生。
若為木無火，鉆燧何有萌。--&gt;
&lt;!-- 杜鵑·大成聖安
夢覚孤床静
杜鵑帯雨飛
一声来近枕
何者不沾衣
--&gt;
# [[/Odes with Mō Taiei and Zheng Chengxun/]]
&lt;!-- 詠松·毛泰永
植體宜千仞，垂陰動百尋。
李膺真烈烈，和嶠自森森。
桃李何堪較，雪霜安得侵。
萬年身不老，種子又成林。
AKA Inoha Seiki 伊野波 盛紀 --&gt;
&lt;!-- 詠班蘭·鄭成勛
南國多芳草，班蘭最有名。
深根將綠茁，長葉亦叢生。
取味迎賓合，入厨任水烹。
可憐經一用，擲棄不留情。

鄭成勛《樵隱詩集》 https://nus.edu.sg/nuslibraries/dsprojects/sg-jiutishi/poem/827 --&gt;

# [[/A Golden Cup and the Fall of a Dynasty with Yan Fu/]] 
&lt;!---
鞏金甌·嚴復
鞏金甌，承天幬，民物欣鳧藻，喜同袍。
清時幸遭，真熙皞，帝國蒼穹保。
天高高，海滔滔。
This has music to it, which I think can add a lot. It is also necessary to introduce Yan Fu early given he did translation. ---&gt;
# [[/On a Journey with Sa Dula/]]
&lt;!---
無題·薩都剌
為客三年海上洲，故鄉何處瘴雲稠。
數千里外蠻人域，十八灘頭過客舟。
時有山禽呼姓字，或從海鳥作朋儔。
故人珂珮周旋處，紫殿風清十二樓。
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%A1%8C_(%E8%96%A9%E9%83%BD%E5%89%8C)

A naturalised Mongol scholar who made a beautiful poem. This'll be a capstone.
---&gt;
&lt;!---
朝中措·襄陽古道灞陵橋
襄陽古道灞陵橋，詩興與秋高。
千古風流人物，一時多少雄豪。

霜清玉塞，雲飛隴首，風落江皋。
夢到鳳凰台上，山圍故國周遭。

北郊晚步
陂水荷凋晚，茅檐燕去涼。
遠林明落景，平麓淡秋光。
群牧歸村巷，孤禽立野航。
自諳閑散樂，園圃意尤長。

Jurchen poet and grandson of Emperor Shizong of Jin. He's a Zen Buddhist, so we'll go back to him later.
---&gt;

===Unit 3: Confucianism and the World===
This is a Confucian-themed unit with a smattering of other items. You will see the odd geography of the past, early linguistic philosophy, and terrifying breakaway states!

By the end of this unit, students should be able to:
* Recognise around 200+ characters.
* Read basic annals and histories with some dictionary assistance, and comprehend 3-character structures reliably.
* Have encountered basic grammatical points such as 之、乎、者、也、而、則、乃、所、以、於、于、與、且、蓋、and 夫. 
** 於 and 于 should be distinguishable.
* Survive a text of at least 250 characters and read for gist.

Lessons:
# [[/A Brief Overview of Confucianism/]] 
# [[/The Mountains with Yelü Tuyu/]]
&lt;!---
立木海上刻詩 耶律圖欲 / 耶律倍 / 李贊華

小山壓大山，大山全無力。
羞見故鄉人，從此投外國。
---&gt;
# [[/Teaching the Annals in Qi/]] &lt;!-- Gongyang Gao's commentary --&gt;
# [[/Is a White Horse a Horse?/]]&lt;!-- Teach negation with 非 in 公孙龍子 and compare with 不 --&gt;
# [[/The Three Character Classic/]]
# [[/Expressing Filial Conduct with Confucius and Hara Saihin/]]
&lt;!--
次韻杏坪先生
父執有君孤不孤
相依遍接搢紳徒
区区自抱地方寸
杏杏重遊天一隅
羇雁飛鳴迷汝國
家人思夢入江都
如教志業青年遂
世上寧無逐臭夫
--&gt;
# [[/Confucianism and the Environment with Sai On/]]&lt;!-- 木假山記 --&gt;
# [[/In Debate with Mencius/]]

===Unit 4: Women's Writing===
In this unit, women's writing from various areas of China will be explored. This is chiefly targeted at poetry and the themes within; from the feminine voice of the Classic of Poetry to the remonstrance towards the Khitan Emperor Tianzuo of Jin by his Consort Dasese. The role of women in courtly society is to be elucidated here!
# [[/An Unmarried Life with Heo Nansŏrhŏn/]]
&lt;!---
貧女吟 
豈是乏容色。工鍼復工織。
少小長寒門。良媒不相識。

夜久織未休。戛戛鳴寒機。
機中一匹練。終作阿誰衣。

手把金翦刀。夜寒十指直。
爲人作嫁衣。年年還獨宿。
---&gt;
# [[/Responding to Lord Trần with Hồ Xuân Hương/]]
&lt;!---
Responding to 陳光靜 Trần Quang Tĩnh

《和陳侯》
愧無才調使人驚，十載風塵貫耳鈴。
已是臨枰知敵手，莫須敲月苦殫精。
為輪為彈隨遭遇，誰鳳誰鶯任賦生。
造物於人何苟惜，明珠休向暗中呈。

莫須 is an important structure to teach here.
---&gt;
# [[/Gaze into the Autumn Night with Taisei Shōan/]]
&lt;!---
秋夜偶成·大成聖安
長天浮爽気，月色興無窮
群犬吠山径，百蟲啼野風
悲秋秋夜永，感古古今同
自是孤窓下，凄然万慮空
---&gt;
# [[/Visiting a Temple with Yu Xuanji/]]
&lt;!---
遊崇真觀南樓覩新及第題名處
雲峰滿目放春晴，歷歷銀鈎指下生。
自恨羅衣掩詩句，擧頭空羨榜中名。
---&gt;
# [[/Remonstrance with Dasese/]]
&lt;!---
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B7%E8%AB%AB%E6%AD%8C
諷諫歌·大瑟瑟
勿嗟塞上兮暗紅塵。
勿傷多難兮畏夷人。
不如塞奸邪之路兮選取賢臣。
直須臥薪嚐膽兮激壯士之捐身。
可以朝清漠北兮夕枕燕雲。

Dasese (or 萧瑟瑟) was a Khitan consort to Emperor Tianzuo of Liao. She remonstrated him as the Jurchens were beginning to encroach upon the Khitan, and was forced to commit suicide for her remonstrance. Tianzuo would soon pay for his malfeasance. 
---&gt;
# [[/The Love Songs of the Odes/]]
&lt;!---
褰裳
子惠思我，褰裳涉溱。子不我思，豈無他人？狂童之狂也且！
子惠思我，褰裳涉洧。子不我思，豈無他士？狂童之狂也且！

柏舟
彼柏舟，在彼中河，髧彼兩髦，實維我儀，之死矢靡它，母也天只，不諒人只。
汎彼柏舟，在彼河側，髧彼兩髦，實維我特，之死矢靡慝，母也天只，不諒人只。

行露
厭浥行露，豈不夙夜，謂行多露。
誰謂雀無角？何以穿我屋？誰謂女無家？何以速我獄？雖速我獄，室家不足。
誰謂鼠無牙？何以穿我墉？誰謂女無家？何以速我訟？雖速我訟，亦不女從。
---&gt;
# [[/Rules for Women with Ban Zhao/]]
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E8%AA%A1 ---&gt;
# [[/The Tragedy of Cai Wenji/]]
&lt;!---
悲憤詩
〔兩漢〕蔡文姬
漢季失權柄，董卓亂天常。
志欲圖篡弒，先害諸賢良。
逼迫遷舊邦，擁主以自強。
海內興義師，欲共討不祥。
卓眾來東下，金甲耀日光。
平土人脆弱，來兵皆胡羌。
獵野圍城邑，所向悉破亡。
斬截無孑遺，屍骸相撐拒。
馬邊懸男頭，馬後載婦女。
長驅西入關，迥路險且阻。
還顧邈冥冥，肝脾為爛腐。
所略有萬計，不得令屯聚。
或有骨肉俱，欲言不敢語。
失意幾微間，輒言斃降虜。
要當以亭刃，我曹不活汝。
豈復惜性命，不堪其詈罵。
或便加棰杖，毒痛參並下。
旦則號泣行，夜則悲吟坐。
欲死不能得，欲生無一可。
彼蒼者何辜，乃遭此厄禍。
邊荒與華異，人俗少義理。
處所多霜雪，胡風春夏起。
翩翩吹我衣，肅肅入我耳。
感時念父母，哀嘆無窮已。
有客從外來，聞之常歡喜。
迎問其消息，輒復非鄉里。
邂逅徼時願，骨肉來迎己。
己得自解免，當復棄兒子。
天屬綴人心，念別無會期。
存亡永乖隔，不忍與之辭。
兒前抱我頸，問母欲何之。
人言母當去，豈復有還時。
阿母常仁惻，今何更不慈。
我尚未成人，奈何不顧思。
見此崩五內，恍惚生狂痴。
號泣手撫摩，當發復回疑。
兼有同時輩，相送告離別。
慕我獨得歸，哀叫聲摧裂。
馬為立踟躕，車為不轉轍。
觀者皆噓唏，行路亦嗚咽。
去去割情戀，遄征日遐邁。
悠悠三千里，何時復交會。
念我出腹子，匈臆為摧敗。
既至家人盡，又復無中外。
城廓為山林，庭宇生荊艾。
白骨不知誰，縱橫莫覆蓋。
出門無人聲，豺狼號且吠。
煢煢對孤景，怛吒糜肝肺。
登高遠眺望，魂神忽飛逝。
奄若壽命盡，旁人相寬大。
為復強視息，雖生何聊賴。
託命於新人，竭心自勖勵。
流離成鄙賤，常恐復捐廢。
人生幾何時，懷憂終年歲。
---&gt;

===Unit 5: Myths and Legends of East Asia===
&lt;!--- Shanhaijing, Zibuyu... Etc. Zhiguai literature. This aims to provide a counterpoint to what Confucius wouldn't discuss - thus Zibuyu. Going straight into Daoism isn't ideal. ---&gt;
# [[/Exploring the World of Mountains and Seas/]]&lt;!-- Structure: 出焉 --&gt;
# [[/Oh, the Qilin!/]] &lt;!--- Even here, the odes can be studied! ---&gt;
# [[/Ultimate Justice with Xiezhi/]] 
# [[/The Virtue of the Fenghuang/]] 
# [[/The Entrapment of Hua Po/]] 
# [[/Nüwa Created the World/]] 

===Unit 6: Nation Focus - Japan===
# [[/The Inariyama Sword/]] 
&lt;!--- short and sweet! ---&gt;
# [[/Entering Japan with Takeda Shingen/]]
&lt;!---
便面蘆間有漁·武田信玄
山色水光烟接天，漁翁江上棹蘆辺
丹青若写得勝景，万里風波一釣船

便面半月照梅花·武田信玄
蘆葦清風垂頂絲，窺魚白鷺水生涯
江南記得曾遊夕，似見梨花院落時

島森哲男. (2015). 武田信玄漢詩校釈. 宮城教育大学紀要, 49, 333–352. https://mue.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/440

似 is a really useful thing to teach early on. 
---&gt; 
# [[/The Oldest Inscription in Japan/]] 
&lt;!--- 宇治橋断碑 ---&gt; 
# [[/Remembering Conflict with Nakajima Noburu/]] 
&lt;!--- https://github.com/ShiraTheMogul/fanyahanwen-corpus/commit/6faa4d3e57a24e542db0375894f0ead5503218bb ---&gt;
# [[/Shinto Teachings with Honda Chikaatsu/]] 
&lt;!--- https://wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F 本田親徳 道之大原 ---&gt;  
# [[/The Diary of Fujiwara no Teika/]] 
&lt;!--- 明月記 ---&gt;
# [[/Reading the History of Japan with Prince Toneri/]]
&lt;!--- 日本書記, etc. ---&gt; 
&lt;!--- # [[/Occupying Taiwan/]] ---&gt;
&lt;!--- I have some colonial literature on me that can be used here. ---&gt;

===Unit 7: Nation Focus - Korea===
&lt;!--- 三國史記 for sure! ---&gt;
&lt;!--- 放蟬賦 by Yi Kyubo ---&gt;
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%A0%A4%E9%BD%8B%E9%81%BA%E7%A8%BF 頤齋遺稿 黃胤錫 Joseon scholar! ---&gt;
# [[/An Elegy to the Empress with Choe Ja/]]
&lt;!---
Choe Ja
元德大后輓詞·崔滋（최자）
乾極曾客配,坤儀正體元。
枕前朝聖主,帳底見曾孫。
陰慘俄沉月,屋悲便沒軒。
三韓千古淚,七十九年恩。
---&gt;
# [[/Language Reform with Sejong the Great/]]
&lt;!--- 訓民正音 https://github.com/ShiraTheMogul/fanyahanwen-corpus/commit/1ef2b42cc50055affaa5ef39c61b87ed31c34a60 multiple poems and descriptive terms, possibly the best capstone ---&gt;

===Unit 8: Christian Literature===
# [[/A Different Three Character Classic with Hong Xiuquan/]]
# [[/Friar Juan Cobo's Veritable Record/]] 
&lt;!--- 
One of few texts from the Philippines that I have ever found!
https://bnedigital.bne.es/bd/en/viewer?id=0160187c-9d9b-4f34-84d6-bc03fd310c69 
---&gt;
# [[/The Delegate's Edition/]]
# [[/Nestorian Steles during the Tang/]] 
&lt;!--- 大秦景教宣元至本經經幢 and 景教碑 ---&gt;
# [[/Hong Xiuquan's Bible/]]
&lt;!--- https://bible.fhl.net/ob/nob.html?book=407 ---&gt;
&lt;!--- I don't want to focus too much on Hong Xiuquan here, so look for more material, especially from missionaries. ---&gt;

===Unit 9: An Introduction to Daoism===
&lt;!--- And now back to your regularly scheduled Zhuangzi/Laozi/Liezi. But with more interesting stuff. Trust! ---&gt;
# [[/Laozi Explains the Dao/]]
&lt;!--- 道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無欲，以觀其妙；常有欲，以觀其徼。此兩者，同出而異名，同謂之玄。玄之又玄，衆妙之門。I can expect learners to recognise the stuff here. ---&gt;
# [[/Qingtan with Xie Daoyun/]]
&lt;!--- 謝道韞; mentioned in the sanzijing. could be good!

《泰山吟·謝道韞》
峩峩東嶽高，秀極衝青天。
巖中間虛宇，寂寞幽以玄。
非工復非匠，雲構發自然。
器象爾何物，遂令我屢遷。
逝將宅斯宇，可以盡天年。

《拟嵇中散咏松诗·謝道韞》
遙望山上松，隆冬不能凋。
願想遊不憩，瞻彼萬仞條。
騰躍未能升，頓足俟王喬。
時哉不我與，大運所飄遙。

---&gt;
# [[/The Doubting Neighbour/]] 
# [[/Kuafu Chases the Sun/]] 
# [[/The Frog in a Well/]] 
# [[/Wu wei with King Hui of Liang/]]
# [[/The Old Man that Moves the Mountains/]]
# [[/Master Zhuang Dreams of Butterflies/]]
# [[/The Indifferent Taoist/]] &lt;!--- northern song https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E6%AD%B7%E5%AF%B6%E9%88%94 ---&gt; 
&lt;!--- Currently very stereotypical, but there's stuff to work with at least. Need to include those weird Daoist characters among other things. ---&gt;

===Unit 10: Nation Focus - Ryukyu Kingdom===
# [[/Historical Annals with Sai On/]] &lt;!--- Kyuko is an easy cop ---&gt;
# [[/The Enthronement of Shō Tei/]] 
&lt;!---
康熙二十二年封王尚貞敕
皇帝敕諭琉球國中山王世子尚貞：惟爾遠處海隅，虔修職貢；屬在塚嗣，序應承祧。以朝命未膺，罔敢專擅；恪遵典制，奉表請封。朕念爾世守臣節，忠誠可嘉！特遣正使翰林院檢討汪楫、副使內閣中書舍人加一級林麟焻，齎敕封爾為琉球國中山王，並賜爾及妃文幣等物。爾祗承寵眷，懋紹先猷；輯和臣民，慎固封守：用安宗社於苞桑，永作天家之屏翰。欽哉，毋替朕命！故諭。

Teach imperial edicts. 
Consider seeing if there's a letter of acceptance from Shō Tei. 

Recorded in 琉球國志略 
https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&amp;chapter=966326
---&gt;
# [[/The Twilight of Ryukyu with Shō Ten/]] 
&lt;!---
神田酒樓街燈 尚典
酒樓今秋設芳筵，
一望街燈燦燦連。
烟氣引來通柱上，
光爭星月照神田。
---&gt;
# [[/A Trip to Ryukyu with Luo Sen/]] &lt;!--- Pre-Capstone ---&gt;
&lt;!---
遐邇貫珍 1854-11 - 日本日記 羅森 
https://archive.org/details/HEKC185411/page/n5/mode/1up
A solid description of Ryukyu cultural customs in Volume 11. Absolutely incredible. 
日三日火船直向東北而駛出了臺灣之外幾日不見天涯是時北風大作波浪沖天火船亦甚飄蕩而不能立見有沙鷗隨風而逐浪心直駛七日漸見小山而到琉球琉球一國長闊一百七十五里其國城在地球圖緯線赤道之北二十六度十四分經線中華北京偏東十一度二十四分自明以來世封王爵叨列藩籬其處土產不過蔬菜番薯菜油黑糖等類人民束髻大補是穿草履男女粧飾頭上祇插一簪二簪為別故少年之男女瞥目則無異及其壯也皆留鬚髯故街上長鬚之人甚多甲寅正月初一予上岸遊玩見街上兒童甚多分以銅錢各極歡喜人民亦甚謙恭民居間亦貼新春聯于門外但不見有別等繁華之事那霸有寺寺內有園是名家世宦之墳所以石刊刻姓名年號于碑上每日道人打掃供奉生花樹葉于墓前另有人家祖墳與中國之明塚無異峰巒之上樹木多植民房則以蠻石圍墻內以茅草結屋而居佳物椅棹俱無惟以草蓆屈膝而坐對火盆而吹煙民間亦有識中國言語字墨者
不張舖店惟有墟塲男不貿易婦女為之以貨易貨而外方之金銀弗尚焉然而百姓亦甚畏官長飲食亦甚粗粕甘守樸儉不務奢華亦鮮欺詐板門紙窓夜間亦不防竊曾見途中撿物亦能以返原人公門之內冷冷落落並無案牘之煩淳樸之風畧有同于上古之世我等外國之欲買什物須言于官官為代辦正月初六提督被理衛廉士等一班將官布列威嚴與予乘轎至王宮總理大臣尚宏勳為主席布政大夫馬良才為知客享宴甚豐食物多與中國無異宴後各官皆饋有紙扇烟包布帛等項是物雖粗此亦世子之恭敬外國故亞國亦以禮物而返贈之世子王宮離岸三里在于山頂是名守禮將至其宮一路亦有樹木石牌坊宮室亦甚寬大幽雅垣局可觀其處多栽鳳尾草森樹等類以障陰山邊田土樹藝五穀近海沙田水漲之後人收其沙以煎鹽此時明月當圓予覽山川亦足見一方之風景 
---&gt;
&lt;!--- 中山世鑑 and so on. Lots of poetry too. ---&gt;

===Unit 11: Nation Focus - Singapore===
&lt;!--- National Library of Singapore has a poetry series that's super good! ---&gt;

===Unit 12: Literary Chinese in Medicine===
&lt;!--- do not endorse the medical practices discussed in these...make sure to link back to the heavenly stems here as they are associated with specific body parts. ---&gt;
# [[/The Books of the Yellow Emperor/]] 
&lt;!-- 黃帝内徑 ---&gt;
# [[/Deviant Qi with Zhang Congzheng/]]
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%84%92%E9%96%80%E4%BA%8B%E8%A6%AA ---&gt;
# [[/Anatomy with Sugita Genpaku/]]
&lt;!--- 解体新書 ---&gt;
# [[/A Lost Wu Medical Text analysed in Japan/]]
&lt;!--- 難經古義 ---&gt;

===Unit 13: People Focus - Zhuang peoples===
&lt;!--- https://mooc1.chaoxing.com/mooc-ans/ztnodedetailcontroller/visitnodedetail?courseId=84745403&amp;knowledgeId=84745463&amp;_from_=&amp;_fromV2_=&amp;rtag= 《峤西诗钞》 is also a really good shout. ---&gt;
&lt;!--- Basically, there are Zhuang and Tangut peoples who wrote in Literary Chinese, and their inclusion here is to show that even those who made their own scripts would use this tongue. 张鸿翮 imported the character 朴 to describe a bug, for example. ---&gt;
# [[/Zhuang poetry with Zhang Honghe/]]
&lt;!--- https://wenyi.gmw.cn/2024-06/25/content_37398911.htm

一是忠实记录了汉诗创作与古壮字交融的文化现象。清代壮族诗人张鸿翮（hé）《大塘谣》（《峤西诗钞》卷二）云：

去了休。去到大塘红蓼洲。红蓼生花，不结子。绿朴生花，毬见毬。

诗中所说“绿朴”，是壮族对柚子的惯称。“柚子”，壮语发音为“bug”。根据《古壮字字典》，其对应的古壮字为“朴（㭪）”。诗人将古壮字运用到汉文诗歌创作中，刻下了明清壮汉文化交相辉映的注脚。

This sort of thing is why Zhuang and Tangut inclusion is important, as they show how flexible Literary Chinese can be. ---&gt;

&lt;!---
Possible Jurchen/Khitan focus? 
耶律楚材 - Served 窝阔台, 玄風慶會錄 is short and respectable enough to work with.
---&gt;

===Unit 14: People Focus - Tangut peoples===
&lt;!--- 羅福萇 and 羅振玉 wrote studies on Western Xia / Tangut script. Look for poets and stuff. ---&gt; 

===Unit 15: Literary Chinese in the Military===
&lt;!--- Real Sun Zi hours! 7 Military Classics are an obvious shout, but look for more stuff too. ---&gt;
# [[/A Bilingual Stele of the Khitans/]]
&lt;!--- https://wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%91%E7%9A%87%E5%BC%9F%E9%83%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%93%E7%95%A5%E9%83%8E%E5%90%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%A8%98 ---&gt;
# [[/Going to war with Boyan/]]
&lt;!---
Boyan's Poem from the 元史
　　伯顏，蒙古巴林部人。至元十一年拜中書左丞相，總兵伐宋。官至開府儀同三司，薨贈太師，封淮安王，諡忠武。

　　《玉堂嘉話》：初，宋未下時，江南謠云：「江南若破，白雁來過。」當時莫喻其意。及宋亡，蓋知指丞相巴延也。

　　過梅嶺岡留題

馬首經從庾嶺回 【 庾嶺回　七修類稿（乾隆刊本）卷四十六作「嶺島歸」。】 ，王師到處悉平夷。擔頭不帶江南物，只插梅花一兩枝。

　　《七修類藳》：伯顏下江南，過金陵梅嶺岡詩云云。所以著名，亦有是善。
---&gt;
# [[/An Edict from the Xianbei/]]
&lt;!---
教義詔 楊廣
武有七德，先之以安民。政有六本，興之以教義。高麗高元，虧失藩禮，將欲問罪遼左，恢宣勝略。雖懷伐國，仍事省方。今往涿郡，巡撫民俗。其河北諸郡及山西、山東年九十已上者，版授太守；八十者，授縣令。
---&gt;
# [[/The Suppression of the Kingdom of Dongning/]]
&lt;!---
台灣鄭氏始末
https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&amp;chapter=139938

Largely a record of wars in Dongning rather than anything about the trade etc, so it fits here. 
---&gt;
# [[/The Shunzhi Emperor vs Li Zicheng/]]
&lt;!---
順治帝
告示
逆酋李自成已於通城斃命，各地鄉勇務隨我軍剿殺逆賊殘餘,凡有斬獲逆酋及擒獲逆酋交我軍者，一經驗證，按軍功論級給賞，必以示我朝皇恩浩蕩。
大清順治二年五月二十四日

恩詔
今月何日，為國曆改歲之履端,即為永昌書元之紀念？緬惟我朝民眾，三元肇慶，四始發祥。陳椒酒以飛觴，躋堂介壽；換桃符以獻歲，辟戶書新。翹望德容，河勝額手。今山河如舊，歲序更新;今天下同春，咸頒麗澤。願我朝君臣與萬民同樂，共沐化日光天，方不虛度韶華。
永昌二年新正初一

There's probably better choices here. Review. 
---&gt;
# [[/The Art of War/]]

===Unit 16: Nation Focus - Vietnam===
&lt;!--- https://github.com/ShiraTheMogul/fanyahanwen-corpus/commit/cfe6700e01f6fd59616a375d31aa8cd096677be1 this first ---&gt; 
# [[/Ancestor Veneration with the Descendants of Zhu Xi/]] 
&lt;!--- https://github.com/ShiraTheMogul/fanyahanwen-corpus/tree/main/corpus%2F%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%2Fclean  somewhere in here ---&gt;
# [[/Spreading Revolutionary Consciousness with Phan Bội Châu and Liang Qichao/]] 
&lt;!--- 越南亡國史 Possibly the most important text in Vietnamese history, not even gonna lie. https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2 ---&gt;
# [[/Academia in Literary Chinese between East and West/]] 
&lt;!--- 南風雜誌 is a massive shout here. Absolutely amazing series. ---&gt;

===Unit 17: Historical Annals and Encyclopediae===
&lt;!--- 永樂大典 will teach how to infer from gaps in texts! 《編類》 is an incredibly interesting essay from here that can bring up the odes and Confucius's「思無邪」quote. It can prepare students for the wrath of Qing academia later. ---&gt; 
# [[/The History of Liao, Jin, and Song with Toqto'a/]] &lt;!--- 脱脱 ---&gt;
# [[/Two Years in the Forbidden City with Yu Deling/]] &lt;!--- 清宮禁二年記 https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%AE%E7%A6%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E8%A8%98 ---&gt;
# [[/Selected Records of the History of the Da Shun/]]
&lt;!--- Fair Use of a 2010 book written in Literary Chinese about the Da Shun dynasty. Limit to 500 characters, if that. Use to encourage recognition of Simplified variants and modern Wenyanwen. ---&gt;
# [[/Documenting the World with Terajima/]]
&lt;!--- 和漢三才図会 寺島良安, built off 三才圖會 ---&gt;

===Unit 18: Buddhist Literature===
&lt;!--- You would be forgiven for wondering why this is so late, but if you look at many classical Buddhist texts you'll quickly see a ton of loanwords that make it significantly more difficult to read than the average text. Thus, it goes here for now. ---&gt;
&lt;!--- Place focus on practical stuff first. Stuff you can and WILL see in Buddhist temples. Stuff Buddhists can take away immediately. Skills-based approach feels strongest here. ---&gt;
&lt;!--- Look at Northern Liang and Later Qin literature, as there is a ton of work by translators from India during the 16 kingdoms period, particularly those two. ---&gt;
&lt;!--- Stuff by Bodhidharma 達摩 could be fun too https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E9%81%94%E6%91%A9 ---&gt;
# [[/Dipping your feet in with Wenyan Shu/]]
&lt;!---
華亭
世尊遺法本忘言，教外別傳意已圓。
只履攜將蔥嶺去，不妨來上月明船。
---&gt; 
# [[/The Seven Tathagatas/]] 
&lt;!---
南無寶勝如來
南無多寶如來
南無妙色身如來
南無廣博身如來
南無離怖畏如來
南無甘露王如來
南無阿彌陀佛

Use to introduce some core vocabulary in repetitive manner. 

Useful phrases from my trip to Jing'an Temple
南無本師釋迦牟尼佛 - Pay homage to the root teacher
南無大悲觀世音菩薩 - Pay homage to the goddess of mercy 
廣種福田 - widely plant a meritorious field 
---&gt;
# [[/Two Buddhist Temples in Shanghai/]] 
&lt;!---
留雲禪寺
雲留雲翔領畧幾許禪機此地有雲散天開真如界。
塔內塔外普示無邊圓覺是故曰塔影雙照解脫門。

歲次壬午冬月吉旦。
覺醒敬撰。
楊胡生沐手恭書。
善信印利明敬獻。 
---&gt;
&lt;!--- 福慧宝鼎 慧明大和尚 - introduce the Buddhist timekeeping system with 佛歷 around this point. 
赤烏古剎
建寺一千七百六十周年紀念

古剎三國建
滬瀆有重玄
石佛音淨現
聖跡顯重元
唐時稱永泰
宋敕名靜安
聖祖留佛闡
仲師移伽藍
元收八景偈
明鑄鐘聲梵
清樹化羅漢
選賢十方讚
佛日普光明
福慧共修善
鼎運昌隆際
轉正法輪緣

歲次丁亥住持慧明監製
---&gt;
# [[/Foreseeing Monkhood with Yi Xing/]]
&lt;!--- 看命一掌金 ---&gt;
# [[/A Trip to Western Xia with Zhi Guang and Hui Zhen/]]
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%91%AA%E5%9C%93%E5%9B%A0%E5%BE%80%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%86 ---&gt;
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%92%92%E5%9C%93%E5%9B%A0%E5%BE%80%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%86 ---&gt;
# [[/Jizang's Three Discourses/]]
&lt;!--- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%AB%96%E7%8E%84%E7%BE%A9 ---&gt;
&lt;!---
I saw these texts being quoted and thus should consider them in some capacity.
《般若波羅蜜多心經》
《金剛般若波羅蜜經》
《一切智光明仙人慈心因緣不食肉經》
《妙法蓮華經》
《大般涅槃經》
《大方等大集經》
《大毘盧舍那成佛神變加持經蓮華胎藏悲生曼荼羅廣大成就儀軌供養方便會》/ 胎藏曼荼羅 
《佛說救拔焰口餓鬼陀羅尼經》
《雜阿含經》

Look at Japan's 五山文学
---&gt;

===Unit 19: People Focus - Manchu peoples===
# [[/Qing dynasty Poetry with Nara Singde/]] 
&lt;!--- 飲水詞 納蘭性德 https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E7%B4%8D%E8%98%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%BE%B7 ---&gt;
# [[/Amassing Words with the Kangxi Emperor/]] 
&lt;!--- Kangxi Dictionary Abstract - https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8 ---&gt;
# [[/Amassing Literature with the Qianlong Emperor/]] 
&lt;!--- Siku Quanshu abstract https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E7%B8%BD%E7%9B%AE%E6%8F%90%E8%A6%81 ---&gt;
&lt;!---
Yongzheng Emperor's Poetry 
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%9D
《和碩怡賢親王祭文》

Also include 滿洲國 stuff to show the fall of the Qing and attempts to preserve it through becoming a Japanese puppet state. It is important to show how Literary Chinese can be misused as well. 滿洲國建國宣言 is a good shout, as is 法制 to prepare students who may be interested in Taiwan legal stuff later down the road. 
https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:%E6%BB%BF%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%8B
---&gt;
# [[/Paintings and Beauty with Puru Aisin-Gioro/]]
&lt;!--- Saw these in Shanghai Museum with some writing, seemed really cool. Teaches another skill. ---&gt;

===Unit 20: Qing-RoC Literature===
&lt;!--- many writers here, will be difficult to sift through. Include 四库全書 abstracts and stuff here. ---&gt;
# [[/Jewish Refugees in Shanghai/]] 
&lt;!--- Show passports, certificates, etc, from the Jewish Refugee Museum, anonymised. ---&gt;
# [[/A Literary Chinese Abstract/]] 
&lt;!--- Abstracts from siku quanshu, probably want others ---&gt;
# [[/Lament with Lu Ruoteng/]] 
&lt;!---
《疑猜》盧若騰，東寧國
盟誓變為交質子，春秋戰國風如此；末世上下相疑猜, 更質妻子防逃徙。
此法只可羈庸奴，若遇梟雄術窮矣；妻可再娶子再育, 安能長坐針氈裏。
我贈一法君記存；推心置腹人知恩；眾人畜之眾人報, 幾個國士在君門。
盧若騰撰，陳漢光編輯，《島噫詩》，臺灣文獻叢刊第二四五種（臺北:臺灣銀行經濟研究室，1968年）21頁。
---&gt;
# [[/Common Linguistics Knowledge in the RoC/]]
&lt;!--- 音韻常識 ---&gt;

==References used for this page==
* Yang, B. (2016). 文言语法 [Literary Chinese Grammar] (1st ed). 中华书局 [Zhonghua Book Company]. ISBN: 978-7-101-11619-9
* Priestley, K. E., &amp; Shou-jung, C. (1962). China’s Men of Letters, Yesterday and Today. Dragonfly Books.
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>89jfxj0esavhvfzwt4uepkgbmvbn41h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Audi/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>483747</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
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      <text bytes="18023" sha1="ls45caawl35cgxfcq23y21pvj2tctge" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe GT ('81-'87), Quattro ('83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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        <id>3434282</id>
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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82 &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years.

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82 &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years.

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('84)
|-
| A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years.

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('84)
|-
| A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('98-'99), A6 Avant ('99)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85], 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('97-'99)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89), 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), TT ('00-'06)
|-
| D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd ('08-')
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 ('06-'11), A3 Quattro ('12-), A4 sedan (Mid '05-'16), A4 Avant (Mid '05-'12), Allroad ('13-'16), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A5 ('10-'), A6 ('12-), TT ('08-'), TTS ('09), Q5 ('11-)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd (Early prod. '12)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82)
|-
| G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant (Mid '05-'06), A6 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 ('09-'), A7 ('12-), A8 ('13-), Q5 ('13-), Q7 ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 ('00-'01), A6 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet ('07-'09), A6 ('06-'09)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-')
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan ('09), A5 ('08-'10), A6 ('10-'11), Q5 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('00-'04), A8 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), A6 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 ('14-'15), Q7 ('09-'15)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('05-'09)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('00)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet ('03-'06), A6 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 ('07-'11), A8 ('07-'12), Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-') 
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. Audi A8 ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 ('12-')
|-
|}

‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years.

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="385" sha1="9rp4kco529o8dfacnybqifgg1qrxlp3" xml:space="preserve">The Artificer specializes in using machinery and technology for support and combat. They are &quot;half-casters&quot;, which means their spells level up at half the speed (Eg. A level 10 Wizard has spells up to spell level 5, whilst a level 10 Artificer has spells up to spell level 3). It is the most recently-released class, as the first revision was officially published in 2020.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="852" sha1="pqame1nfege9viam9hd3845d79siqkw" xml:space="preserve">Hello, my name is Kayden Swanson and I am a 12 year old prodigy! I hope you all like my Wikibook, ''[[The Geoguide|The Geoguide.]]'' I am currently learning German, Yiddish, HTML, and even Klingon! My ''Qapla''' never ends. I also have a conlang called Cavzoelk. Feel free to check it out at my pastebin link, https://pastebin.com/tKPGqZRp, which I update every few weeks or days-- it fluctuates against my creativity. I am now working on a new wikibook called ''The Linguide'' which will contain dozens of cool sounding words like expeditiously and indubitably, even scientific words like ''photophosphorylation'' and even ''pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis'', the 45 letter long word lung disease where very fine volcanic silica dust. Alongside this, future ones might include ''The Cavguide, The Codeguide,'' and maybe ''The Bioguide''!</text>
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      <text bytes="863" sha1="55o94a2in2hk3rwalu6p6f8siy7dkod" xml:space="preserve">Hello, my name is Kayden Swanson and I am a 12 year old prodigy! I hope you all like my Wikibook, ''[[The Geoguide|The Geoguide.]]'' I am currently learning German, Yiddish, HTML, and even Klingon! My ''Qapla''' never ends. I also have a conlang called Cavzoelk. Feel free to check it out at my pastebin link, https://pastebin.com/tKPGqZRp, which I update every few weeks or days-- it fluctuates against my creativity. I am now working on a new wikibook called ''The Linguide'' which will contain dozens of cool sounding words like expeditiously and indubitably, even scientific words like ''photophosphorylation'' and even ''pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis'', the 45 letter long word lung disease where very fine volcanic silica dust is inhaled. Alongside this, future ones might include ''The Cavguide, The Codeguide,'' and maybe ''The Bioguide''!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fundamentals of Mechanics/Units and Vectors/Coordinate Systems</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T13:44:49Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{FoM/Nav|Vector Algebra|Vectors in Terms of Their Components}}  To specify the location of a point in space, a coordinate system must be used. A coordinate system consists of a reference point called the origin O and a set of labeled axes. The positive direction of an axis is in the direction of increasing numbers, whereas the negative direction is opposite. {{Nowrap|Figures 1.16}} and 1.17 show the rectangular (or Cartesian) coordinate system and the polar coordinates...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="872" sha1="6l7w36c2fu08hcob477te4im7m6o252" xml:space="preserve">{{FoM/Nav|Vector Algebra|Vectors in Terms of Their Components}}

To specify the location of a point in space, a coordinate system must be used. A coordinate system consists of a reference point called the origin O and a set of labeled axes. The positive direction of an axis is in the direction of increasing numbers, whereas the negative direction is opposite. {{Nowrap|Figures 1.16}} and 1.17 show the rectangular (or Cartesian) coordinate system and the polar coordinates of a point, respectively. The rectangular coordinates {{Var|x}} and {{Var|y}} are related to the polar coordinates {{Var|r}} and {{Var|&amp;theta;}} by the following relations:

{{FoM/Eqn
|&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;x = r \cos{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;y = r \sin{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\tan{\theta} = \dfrac{y}{x}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r = \sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}}&lt;/math&gt;
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      <text bytes="891" sha1="3qezutlsulbv6p3oa3gcwdd0gqdbunv" xml:space="preserve">{{FoM/Nav|Vector Algebra|Vectors in Terms of Their Components}}

To specify the location of a point in space, a coordinate system must be used. A coordinate system consists of a reference point called the {{Nowrap|origin {{Var|O}}}} and a set of labeled axes. The positive direction of an axis is in the direction of increasing numbers, whereas the negative direction is opposite. {{Nowrap|Figures 1.16}} and 1.17 show the rectangular (or Cartesian) coordinate system and the polar coordinates of a point, respectively. The rectangular coordinates {{Var|x}} and {{Var|y}} are related to the polar coordinates {{Var|r}} and {{Var|&amp;theta;}} by the following relations:

{{FoM/Eqn
|&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;x = r \cos{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;y = r \sin{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\tan{\theta} = \dfrac{y}{x}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r = \sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}}&lt;/math&gt;
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      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="904" sha1="ng0c695qgrqe3b2q0innmja8ajgoh7z" xml:space="preserve">{{FoM/Nav|Vector Algebra|Vectors in Terms of Their Components}}

To specify the location of a point in space, a coordinate system must be used. A coordinate system consists of a reference point called the {{Nowrap|origin {{Var|O}}}} and a set of labeled axes. The positive direction of an axis is in the direction of increasing numbers, whereas the negative direction is opposite. {{Nowrap|Figures 1.16}} and 1.17 show the rectangular (or Cartesian) coordinate system and the polar coordinates of a point, respectively. The rectangular coordinates {{Var|x}} and {{Var|y}} are related to the polar coordinates {{Var|r}} and {{Var|&amp;theta;}} by the following relations:

{{FoM/Eqn
|&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;x = r \cos{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;y = r \sin{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\tan{\theta} = \dfrac{y}{x}&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r = \sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}}&lt;/math&gt;
}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:~2026-35780-91</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T13:56:41Z</timestamp>
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        <id>3097823</id>
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== June 2026 ==
{{tmbox|type=notice|text='''Please, can you [[Using Wikibooks|help]] improve [[WB:WIW|Wikibooks]]''' by [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-35780-91|doing future experiments]] with the [[Help:Contents|wiki software]] in the [{{fullurl:Wikibooks:Sandbox|action=edit}} sandbox] instead? Your fellow contributors consider test edits in the sandbox constructive. You can ask questions or ask for help in the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].&lt;br /&gt; Thanks. }}
[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:56, 19 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:~2026-35764-48</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>483975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4640710</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:48:28Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>delete1 ([[m:User:ZbVl/VD|Vandoom]])</comment>
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== 2026-06-19 ==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. Apologies for writing this in English, but I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-35764-48|your recent contributions]] have been undone because you removed content without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;Wikibooks&lt;/span&gt; with an accurate [[:m:en:Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thanks. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- Glow-delete1 @ 1781880511789.3s --&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:48, 19 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Talk:Oberon/Introduction</title>
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      <comment>/* Feedback welcome. */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="208" sha1="jc6s45nt1umutjt14mfo9aghj295lbd" xml:space="preserve">== Feedback welcome. ==

Comment? Suggestion? Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 04:28, 20 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:SnappyDragonPennyroyal/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>483977</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.  == Action Verbs == * qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place) * noliy = to abandon (loved ones) * matiy = to abolish (one object) * wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects) * ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain * nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="24222" sha1="h6iw17xxiyrcjafeh2mf7xo4e7tjka8" xml:space="preserve">This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.

== Action Verbs ==
* qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place)
* noliy = to abandon (loved ones)
* matiy = to abolish (one object)
* wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects)
* ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain
* nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent
* huuhuki/ngináala(i) = to abuse
* miili/wukáli pominik = to accelerate, to make someone or something move faster
* hoha(i)/ku$ána(i) = to accept
* neshkinlu = to accept (someone as a relative)
* yulócha(i) = to accommodate
* hatíila = to accompany
* 'éesh ngee = to accompany with leave
* 'ayáalinik loví'i/tapi = to accomplish
* churó'a(i)/loví'a(i)/tapa(i) = to accomplish
* yulú'i = to accuse (intransitive)
* na'yawun = to accuse (transitive)
* 'a$ni = to give a bath to someone (transitive)
* 'aa$ = to bathe or for there to be a ring around the Sun or Moon
* puxi = to blow
* pithi = to break
* hilála(i) = to climb
* woki = to cut
* heeya(i) = to dig (with a direct object, transitive)
* hulúka(i) = to fall
* moyóoni = to feed
* neqpi = to fight
* wola = to grow
* xáari = to growl at
* heli = to hide
* kopa(i) = to hit
* yaaw = to hold
* 'ári = to kick
* moknu = to kill
* howa = to lie down
* heda(i) = to open or uncover
* paqa(i) = to pound, beat
* núuli = to push
* $okapa(i) = to scratch
* mu'án = to shoot
* tawa = to sit
* 'awóonganwinga ('ayá'yinga) teetila = to speak with an accent
* chuxi = to spit
* pava(i) = to split
* yona(i) = to squeeze
* pora(i) = to stab, pierce
* wiita = to stand
* 'uyootu = to steal
* hiipa(i) = to suck
* waaka(i) = to sweep
* havácha = to swell
* waaya = to swim
* hata(i) = to throw
* chaqálaqi = to tickle
* pona(i) = to tie or fasten
* moma(i) = to turn
* muváay = to wash the face
* chaayi = to winnow

== Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Pronouns, and Sentence Words ==

=== Adverbs ===
* pilék = absolutely
* 'eechi/pa'áq = above
* tuutuva = above all
* pominik = abundantly
* neshkin = accessible
* wehmali = a little
* yu'pan = again
* waam 'eechi = far above
* tuwíilangay = from above
* muyuk = much
* neshkin = near
* wehkun = twice/two times

=== Conjunctions ===

* pi' = and
* tee = if

=== Personal Pronouns ===

=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===

=== Sentence Words ===

* aaashisha = an untranslatable exclamation of joy or surprise
* miiyu = hello (to one person)
* miiyuyam = hello (to multiple people)
* suláaqaxam = welcome
* 'ohóo = yes
*qay = no, not, never
*tee = maybe

=== Question Words ===

== Abstract Concepts ==

=== Abstract Nouns ===
* huu'iwut = ability
* ma'nish = abstaining
* toowaxat = accent
* hax poyáqala = according to (functions as a noun)
* 'apiláchax = state of being accustomed to
* teela = language (same word as &quot;prayer&quot;)
* tungla = name
* humáhmash = something absurd
* muuyaat = something abundant
* 'áa'alvish = story (same word as &quot;book&quot;)
* teelamal = word

=== Abstract Verbs ===
* michá' 'axána = to be able to do
* 'o'na = to be able to tell
* 'aláxwi = to be bad
* 'ichi = to clear from obligation or get even (same word as &quot;to fish&quot;)
* 'ayáli = to know
* 'onáni = to know
* 'o'na = to know or be knowledgeable
* piláchi = to learn
* woy'a = to think

== Colors ==

=== Color Adjectives ===

* yuváttaat = black
* malómlush = blue
* toxótxush = brown
* yuváttaat = dark colored (added to modify other color words)
* qwayaqwyish = dark red or gold
* piwípwish = gray
* xwayáxwyish = gray or faded
* konóknish = green (same as the word for bruised)
* pixépxish = light blue or steel blue
* 'a$ó'$ush yuváttaat = orange
* 'av'aat = red
* qwayáqwyash = red
* 'avá'vash = pink
* ngaxlul = purple (same word for &quot;graphite&quot;)
* sisínnaval = silver
* qaasimal = violet
* xwayyaat = white
* 'a$ó'$ush = yellow

=== Color Verbs ===
Color verbs take on the meaning of &quot;to make or paint this color&quot; when transitive.

* yuváta(i) = to be black
* piwwa(i) = to be or turn gray, to be nervous before a speech, or to dust with flour
* 'av'a(i) = to blush or be red (without a direct object, intransitive)
* xwayya(i) = to brighten, turn white, or bleach (without a direct object, intransitive)

== Common Words ==

=== Common Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs ===
* loovi = to be accurate
* wehmal = a few, a little bit
* choo'un = all
* yawáywish = beautiful
* toongax = below
* yot = big
* navúnvush = blunt, dull
* konóknish = bruised
* neshkin = close, near
* 'iitaat = cold
* puráara = to be cold
* 'a$uun = correct, true (literally &quot;its heart;&quot; stress on the second syllable)
* axaxunat = delicious
* wimaat = difficult, hard
* kwila(i) = to be or make dirty
* waxa = dry
* waam = far
* $uwó$wush = frightening, scary, or dangerous
* 'ayáalinik = good
* polóov = good, nice
* wima(i) = to be heavy
* tavulvush (singular), taatalvish (plural) = long
* 'iipit = new
* 'anxa = old
* hethi = open
* 'awoo = other
* $owa(i) = to be sharp
* kapákpamal = short
* 'alú'mal = small
* tupútpush (singular), tupútpish (plural) = thick
* 'alú'mal = thin
* paamuwish = wet

=== Common Verbs ===
* samsa = to buy or sell (the sentence needs to designate &quot;from&quot; or &quot;to&quot; because this word is used for two verbal actions)
* mon = to come
* tápi = to finish
* noonomi = to follow
* 'oovi = to give
* naqma = to hear or listen
* máamayu = to help
* yí'yi = to play
* ya = to say
* toow = to see or watch
* kup = to sleep or take a nap
* hu$i = to smell
* téetila = to talk
* kwaavichu = to take care of
* aa'alvi = to tell history
* mon = to walk
* wukála = to walk
*'owó'a = to work
* 'uwó'u = to work

== Days and Seasons ==

=== Days of the Week ===
* Luunis = Monday
* Powéhlo = Tuesday
* Popáahaylo = Wednesday
* Powasá&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ilo = Thursday
* Pomháarilo = Friday
* Saavatha = Saturday
* Miisish = Sunday

=== Seasons ===
* qay pitóowili $uvóowut = fall
* ta$pa = spring
* tawpash = summer
* $uvóowut = winter

=== Units of Time ===
* pitóo = now, today
* 'exngay = tomorrow
* waxáam = yesterday

== Environment ==

=== Buildings and Constructed World ===
* 'oma = to be abroad or absent
* napilash = cemetery
* chuyi = to cremate
* taaxanash = grave
* kiicha = house
* naachaxanlash = restaurant
* pet = road, path
* piláchilash = school
* ha$lash = sweathouse
* pweevlo = town
* $uyvish = trash (same word as &quot;stinger&quot;)

=== Natural World ===
* $oomawish = abloom landscape
* woolaqat = abyss
* tuvíi' = to accumulate (of clouds)
* chuya(i) = to burn
* tuvíicha = cloud
* xwaayamal = dawn
* toowut = dust
* 'exla = earth, soil
* ngiinish = earthquake
* kut = fire
* ya' = to flow
* mesmal = fog
* ngaxlul = graphite (same word as &quot;purple&quot;)
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* paala = lake
* pokwóoyaqala = lake
* 'exla = land, ground, or soil
* $iwári = to flash of lightning
* qawíicha = mountain
* moomat = ocean, sea, large body of water, or beach
* pisát = outdoors or outside world
* 'axíllax = rain (noun)
* xila(i) = to rain
* 'a$óonax = rainbow
* kwiimawish = region abundant in acorns
* 'engla = salt
* 'exval = sand
* tuupash = sky
* kuumit = smoke
* toota = stone
* toomawut = thunder/thundercloud
* 'alóomax = wave (on the ocean)
* paala = water
* hungla = wind or air

=== Astronomy ===
* Yungauish = Altair
* Nukulish = Antares
* piwíish = Milky Way (same word as &quot;headband&quot;)
* moyla = Moon
* tukva = night or evening
* tuukumit = night
* tukmit = night sky
* Hulaish = Orion
* Chehaiyan = Pleiades
* Tukmishwut = Polaris
* Yungauish poma = right hand of Altair
* $u'la = star
* temét = Sun, day, time, or weather
* naanat = sunshine or warmth of the Sun
* aylucha = Venus

== Flora and Fauna ==

=== Animal Parts and Generic Animal Terms ===

* pe' = feather (inalienable)
* wiila = to fly
* qwq'pish = game animal
* $uyvish = stinger (same word as &quot;trash&quot;)
* kawít = wing

=== Aquatic Animals and Amphibians ===
* 'ayla = abalone
* 'anámat = fish
* kiyúul = fish
* waxáw'kila = frog
* chaláka = horned toad
* momngawish = marine, from the sea
* waaxal = mussel
* $awvish = olive snail
* qap$ut = pismo clam
* selwamal = rainbow trout
* qexla = red abalone
* paa'ila momngawish = sea turtle
* tukval = sea otter
* waxáawut = toad
* paa'ila = turtle
* 'oymal = Washington clam
* koyóowut = whale

=== Arthropods and Mollusks ===
* 'aanat = ant
* lamáqata = ant
* 'ánmal = ant (small and black variety that often enters houses)
* $isqila = beetle
* kuyxingish = black widow spider
* 'avélaka = butterfly, moth
* $iválaka = cabbage looper
* $akíshla = caterpillar
* chilíkmay = cricket
* kamaríwthi = dragonfly
* mokwáchish = flea
* ku'áal = fly
* wi'ét = grasshopper
* $akíshla = hairy caterpillar
* keekila = Jerusalem cricket (potato bug)
* 'ulát = louse
* lukú'chish = mosquito
* xuvóoviqat = moth
* 'aanat = red ant
* $uyla = scorpion
* muvíllaqa = snail
* kuyxingish = spider
* $isqila = stink bug
* 'amácha = tick
* $aa$angla = yellow jacket

=== Birds ===
* paam'ush = bald eagle
* mixéevawut = band-tailed pidgeon
* 'ehéngmay = bird
* 'ihéngmal = bird
* chachaláaka = blue grouse
* 'aláawaka = buzzard
* yungáavaywut = California condor
* wi'kasmal = California jay
* $oola = California woodpecker
* qaxaavaywut = chicken
* pal'vismal = cliff swallow
* $ayla = coot
* 'alwut = crow
* mixéel = dove, pigeon
* qaatqat = duck
* táavish = flicker bird
* 'a$wut = golden eagle
* muuta = great horned owl
* tishla = hummingbird
* tishmal = hummingbird
* pepnash = junco
* tamáawut = mockingbird
* qaxáawut = mountain quail
* chaa'ish = pinyon jay
* qaxáal = quail
* paaxingish = red-shouldered blackbird
* kwa'la = red-tailed hawk
* puypuy = roadrunner
* yunúqwut = ruddy duck
* kolókolokamay = sparrow hawk
* waxolóoti = turkey
* yungáavish = turkey vulture
* qaxáal = valley quail
* 'aláawaka = vulture
* la'la = Western Canada goose
* atáal = white pelican
* $oola = woodpecker

=== Mammals ===
* tonla = antelope
* huunal = badger
* taválalakmal = bat
* tavállalakmay = bat
* hunwut = bear
* paa'at = bighorn sheep
* $u'ish = black-tail jackrabbit
* tuukut = bobcat/lynx
* toovit = brush rabbit
* tuukut kingawish = cat
* gaato/gatu = cat (synonym borrowed from Spanish)
* wiskun = chipmunk
* too$axit = cottontail rabbit
* 'anó' = coyote
* $uukat = deer
* 'awáal = dog
* 'iswut = dingo or wolf
* paa$ukat = elk/horse
* qewéewish = fox
* yuula = fur
* qeengish = gray ground squirrel
* $ukáawut = gray tree squirrel
* hunwut = grizzly bear
* muu$ikat = goat (same as the word for bearded person)
* moota = gopher
* kaváayu = horse
* 'ixí'wumal = lamb
* tukwut = mountain lion/cougar
* tapáshmal = mouse
* 'ashla = pet, domesticated animal, or livestock
* 'inú'nish = pig
* moota = pocket gopher
* pa'yamal = racoon
* 'ixí'wut = sheep
* paalukut = skunk
* tukyaspal = spotted skunk
* qeengish = squirrel
* $ukáawut = tree squirrel or flying squirrel
* tuukut = wildcat
* qawla = wood rat

=== Plant Parts ===

* $oo' = flower (inalienable)
* pavlash = leaf
* towla = root
* choochavish = thistle
* kulaawut = wood

=== Reptiles ===
* $ithí' = bull snake, gopher snake
* qiqéngla = king snake
* qa$ílla = lizard
* qa$íla = scaly lizard
* 'avétkala = small brown lizard
* piiqwala = snake
* $oowut = rattlesnake

=== Small Plants and Fungi ===

* pikwla = blackberry
* kanvut = black sage
* patumkut = blue eyed grass
* sikimona = branching phaciela
* puchaklala = Brewer's redmaids
* kaukat = bush mallow
* pankla = bush sunflower
* hulakul = California buckwheat
* wuláqla = California buckwheat
* ashla = California golden violet
* 'atóo$anat = California poppy
* hulvul = California sagebrush
* 'u'utt = chamise
* paa$al = chia
* kutápish = corn
* náqtumush = datura, jimsonweed
* makiyal = desert dandelion
* wiicha = dogbane
* takovschich = Douglas' nightshade
* kuuta = elderberry
* panáa'al = foothills yucca
* puchakla = fringed redmaids
* chachwomal = gilia
* wu$óochish = gooseberry
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* shakishla = hoary nettle
* pavivut = Indian tobacco
* mawut = lupine
* paatamkat = milkweed
* tokmat = milkweed
* towish popa'kwa = miner's lettuce
* $aqáapish = oyster mushroom
* 'iyáala = poison oak
* ataushanut = poppy
* $ooval = skunkbush
* qeenat = soaproot
* $oyla = southwestern spiny rush
* $akíshla = stinging nettle
* ko$aat = sugarcane
* sawvel = sumac
* palit = thistle sage
* solisal = tidy tips
* piivat = tobacco
* paalaxwish = toxic mushroom
* aatchawut = toyon
* pivée$ash = tule
* $aaxish = wheat
* kawá'wal = white chaparral currant
* quaashil = white sage
* 'enwish = wild cucumber
* tokapish = wild hyacinth
* nanukuish = wild four o'clock
* makwit = wild grapevine
* 'urúush = wild oats or wild rice
* 'ushla = wild rose
* paa'akal = wild sunflower
* paukla = wild sunflower
* chevnish = yerba mansa
* palwut = yerba santa
* panáa'al = yucca whipplei

=== Trees ===
* sashet = Arroyo willow
* kwiila = black oak
* wiat = canyon oak
* wi'áa$al = coast live oak
* avahut = cottonwood
* 'aváaxat = cottonwood
* wixétut = digger pine
* tovashal = Engleman oak
* ahanish = holly leaf cherry
* tovat = incense cedar
* waa'at = juniper
* koolul = manzanita
* hunúuvat = Mojave yucca
* tuvát = pinyon pine
* l'mushla = scrub oak
* yoela = singleleaf pinyon
* kuláawut = tree
* kwiila = valley oak
* 'u'úumal = white fir
* chaamish = wild cherry
* $axát = willow

== Food and Drink ==
* kwiila = acorn
** $aawokish = acorn bread
** puutash = acorn cap
** pa$kash/pa$kush = acorn dough
** maaxish = acorn flour
** siwvol = acorn hull
** wiiwish = acorn porridge
** paamumal po$íchi = acorn porridge (vulgar term literally meaning &quot;seagull spew&quot;)
** mawpish = acorn on a tree
* paa'kilash = alcohol
* ko'i = to bite
* ko$$aat = candy or cookie
* meecha(i) = to chew
* lo'xa = to cook
* qwa$o'i = to cook or make ripen
* ko'cha(i) = to cook or barbecue (with a direct object, transitive)
*ko'cha = to be cooked or barbecued (without a direct object, intransitive)
* 'engmawish = cracker (saltine)
* paa'i = to drink
* kwa' = to eat
* naachaxan = to eat dinner (or less commonly several other meals)
* naachaxanlo = to eat lunch
* paanil = egg
* wi' = fat, grease (inalienable)
* 'ichi = to fish (same word as &quot;clear from obligation or get even&quot;)
* naachaxanish = food or meal
* pushla = fruit
* paaw = to get water
* $a$angla po'aw = honey
* 'aamo = to hunt
* waa'ish = meat
* pooyish = pinole
* meewa(i) = to roast vegetables
* pisá'a = to rot
* engla = salt
* 'engmawish = salty
* ko$aat = sugar
* paala = water

== Locations ==
* Awa' = Aguanga
* Taakwi = Cahuilla Mountain
* Kachikchi = Cuyamaca Mountain
* Paisvi = Iron Spring
* Pavala = Kuka and Portreo encampment during acorn season
* Yangi’wana = Mesa Grande
* Katukto = Morrow hill near Fallbrook
* Pala = Pala
* Shoau = Pala encampment during acorn gathering season
* Paauw = Palomar Mountain
** Wikyo = Highest Peak on Palomar Mountain
** Chakúuli = gathering place of La Jolla people on Palomar Mountain
* Wavam = Pauma encampment on mountain during acorn gathering season
* Tawish Poshapilia= rocky peak east of Wikyo
* Woshha = Rincon
** Ahuya = Old village above Rincon on Road to Potrero
* Pewipwi = San Bernardino Mountain
* Yamiwa = San Jacinto Mountain
* Topamai = Village at Santa Margarita Ranch near ranch house
* I’pax = Highest Peak on Volcan Mountain
* Shautushma = Yapicha encampment during acorn season

== Modern Objects and Concepts ==

=== Bathroom ===
* 'a$lash = bathtub, shower, or bathroom with one of these two fixtures
* muváaylash = sink, washbasin, or bathroom with sink (but not a toilet or bathtub)
* pisáangalash = toilet

=== Bedroom, Living Room, and Office ===
* kuplash = bed
* kupú'ilash = bedroom
* taanat = blanket
* 'áa'alvish = book/story
* táwwilash = chair
* kut = lamp
* yukkavish = pillow
* nooli = to read
* laméesa = table
* waam tiiwilash = television

=== Currency ===
* purú'a(i) = to accumulate (money)
* sinnaval chooraat = coin
* sisínnaval = money (same word as &quot;money&quot; and &quot;silver&quot;)
* sinnaval = money or cash

=== Kitchen ===
* pakápkish = fork
* naachaxanish lo'xalash = kitchen
* wokkilash = knife
* 'iitaat = refridgerator
* ko'chilash = stove or oven
* peshlish = plate or bowl
* 'iival = spoon

=== Machines ===
* toomawumal = battery
* qa$lapish = clapper
* toomawutal = electric/electronic

=== Stationery ===
* naawilash = pen, marker, or keyboard
* piwípwilash = pencil

=== Substances ===
* chiivut/ko$ólaxat = acid
* chiivní'i = to acidify
* sisínnaval qwayáqwyish = copper or gold
* sisínnaval = metal or silver (same word as &quot;money&quot;)

=== Transport ===
* kwaatilash = school bus

=== Tools ===
* waakilash = broom or brush
* heyyilash = shovel

=== Weapons ===
* patkilash = gun

== Numbers ==
* qay haaya = to abound
* woy'a(i) = to count
* supúl = one (but can also be used as an optional indefinite article with the meaning of a/an)
* weh = two
* paahey = three
* wasá' = four
* maháar = five
* paváahay = six
* kavíkvish = seven
* $iwlash = eight
* nomaawasá' = nine
* tappaat = ten

== People and Bodies ==

=== Bodily Functions ===
* qay pitóowili choxaqati mokna = to abort a child
* hakwís = to breathe
* pi'muk = to die or be dead
* puti' = to dream about
* 'aaw = to live or be alive
* kup = to sleep
* xula = to sweat
* haaqwi = to yawn
* haka = to yawn

=== Bodily Substances ===

* 'owla = blood
* $aa'ish = feces

=== Body Parts ===

* 'iyé'iyish = ankle
* maa = arm, hand
* qwalma = armpit
* maachat = back
* qli = back of the neck (inalienable)
* muu$il = beard
* tee'la = belly
* taaxaw = body (inalienable)
* kulaawut = bone
* pit = breast
* 'aal = chest (inalienable)
* 'ooyi = chin (inalienable)
* toowish = corpse
* naq = ear (inalienable)
* naqla = ear
* pushla = eye
* push = face, eye (inalienable) 
* $ulát = fingernail or claw
* 'et = foot (inalienable)
* qwi = forehead (inalienable)
* piwíila = gray hair
* yu'/yuula = hair, head
* mat = hand
* no$úun = heart
* chíi'a = hip (inalienable)
* $ii = intestines
* 'echvash = left hand
* 'e' = leg, foot (inalienable)
* nooma = liver
* savásvash = lung
* tamát = mouth
* tma = mouth, teeth
* qalát = nape
* qelát = neck
* muuvi = nose (inalienable)
* muuvil = nose or nasal passages
* pli = right hand (inalienable)
* yuutush = scalp or wig
* $ooka = shoulder
* taavash = skin
* tee' = stomach (inalienable)
* qasíivish = tail
* xaara = throat (inalienable)
* xaarash = throat
* weeya/weeyi = tongue (inalienable)
* tamát = tooth

=== Diseases and Injuries ===
* muukil 'iyáxwimawish = abscess or purulent wound
* xeva = to have acne
* hulúka = to have an accident
* to'mivini = to hurt someone by accident
* muukil = boil or pimple
* naq taaxa = to have an earache
* kuma(i) = to have an earache or headache
* tiwa(i)/ya$á$a(i) = to hurt, ache
* $uyi = to itch
* taaxa(i) = to have a sideache
* $uypish = sting or bugbite
* koona(i)/poróvora (intransitive)/$angáwi (transitive)/tee' tiwa (intransitive) = to have a stomachache
* tamát tiwish = toothache
* tmay ku'áal qwa' = to have a toothache (literally &quot;to eat a maggot&quot;)
* muyi = to vomit

=== Emotional States ===
* putii'ish = dream
* naala = fear

=== Emotional Verbs ===
* $ala = to abhore, hate
* $owóo' = to be afraid
* $ala = to be unable to stand
* ngaa = to cry
* $uwóo' = to fear or be afraid of
* $ukka(i) = to be frightened or startled (intransitive) or to frighten or startle a person (transitive)
* tooya = to laugh
* hamooya = to be shy

=== Family Members ===
* keeka = aunt
* yuku = cousin (inalienable)
* $waamay = daughter (inalienable)
* kiiyam = family (inalienable)
* na' = father (inalienable)
* kwa' = maternal grandfather (inalienable)
* tu' = maternal grandmother (inalienable)
* yo' = mother (inalienable)
* 'alimay = nephew or niece (inalienable)
* paa'a$ = older brother (inalienable)
* qee'es = older sister (inalienable)
* ka' = paternal grandparent (inalienable)
* kaamay = son (inalienable)
* nukmu = uncle
* $ungaaki = wife
* peet = younger brother (inalienable)
* piit = younger sister (inalienable)

=== Types of People ===
* 'ahíichu = abandoned person
* qamí'i-nóotuy = to abdicate
* 'uví'vish = absentminded person
* kihúutsamal = baby
* muu$ikat = bearded person (same as the word for goat)
* hengéemal = boy
* noot = chief, leader
* kihaat = child
* 'ashkat = cowboy or rancher
* tengalkat = doctor
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* nawítmal = girl
* hamú'wish = indigenous person
* hamúulawish = indigenous person
* ya'ásh = man
* 'ahíichu = orphan
* 'atáax = person
* to$ngukat = police officer, commander, director, or principal
* momngawish = sailor (same word as &quot;marine&quot; (adj))
* puula = shaman
* heelikat = singer
* neqpikat = soldier
* huu'unikat = teacher
* $ungáal = woman

== Suffixes ==

* -oto = according to (functions as a suffix added to nouns)
* -mal = little/dear (diminutive)
* -kat = one who has or does
* -ma = should have, would have, or every day
* -kun = times/instances
* -lash = tool or instrument used to perform the function

== Religion and Spirituality ==
* 'ina(i) = to absolve (a sin)
* tolmul = afterlife
* yuungawish = deity or powerful spirit
* teela = prayer (same word as &quot;language&quot;)
* toowish = spirit or ghost of deceased person

== Traditional Objects and Concepts ==

=== Abstract Culture ===

* qapúta = to abbreviate
* pelaxish = to dance
* pélla = to dance
* pumi = to initiate a boy into manhood
* wiqeni  = to initiate a girl into womanhood
* tungla = name or title
* héela = to sing
* heelaxish = song
* teelat = spoken word or language

=== Clothing and Jewelry ===

* yumpish = basketry hat
* miyxanish = clothing
* paaxwichat = earring
* cheeyat = feather headband
* yumpish = hat
* piwíish = headband (same word for &quot;Milky Way&quot;)
* tóonav = to make baskets
* qenxat = necklace
* wiiru = to play a flute
* wachxat = shoes
* olval = skirt

=== Objects ===
* $avárvash = abrasive (noun)
* chuunga(i) = to absorb
* chuungkawut = absorbent (noun)
* huula = arrow
* yoowlash = arrow straightener
* teelingish = ash
* kunla = bag, sack
* ichilash kaarawut = bait
* waw'kish = ball game
* tukmal = basket
* pavyut = bead
* ngaw'lash = bed, mat for sleeping
* taanat = blanket, buckskin, or rug
* kutapish = bow
* nemeexát = bow (sinew-backed)
* pawxit = canoe
* iikat = carrying net
* wotilash = club (tool)
* qeepish = cradleboard
* nax'a = digging stick
* icháqilash = drinking cup
* moorilash = fire drill (a stick to start a fire, not an emergency preparation event)
* kut pochuyila = fireplace
* kulaawut = firewood
* iiqish = fish hook
* hunuuvat = fishing line
* wiirulash = flute
* $aanat = glue
* neexwut = gourd rattle
* malaal = grinding stone
* pikát = knife
* tengalish = medicine
* toopal = mortar
* eevish = needle, awl
* navyót = ochre
* wotilish = paddle, oar
* toopawut = pestle
* $aanut = pitch, tar
* peshlish = pot
* taavalkwash = quiver
* páveut = sacred pointed stone used on the tip of ceremonial staffs
* tamish = sacred stone bowl 
* washpish = seed beater
* apmal = small basket
* huu$i = smoke
* $e'lalash = spear
* iival = stirring stick
* sinaval = string of shells used as currency
* paa'ayat = rattle
* paa'isval = red paint
* toota = rock
* wiichut = rope, string
* kotlash = thatch, roof
* waakat = throwing strick
* piveesash = tobacco pipe
* orilash = trap, snare
* $uyvish = trash
* wixét = tule boat
* wixee'et = tule boat
* paayut = turtle rattle
* toovish = white paint
* naawa(i) = to write, record, paint, draw, or inscribe (with a direct object, transitive)

== References ==

* https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/3
* https://quizlet.com/503767900/an-introduction-to-the-luiseno-language-nouns-1-flash-cards/
* https://www.instagram.com/paumaimls/
* Luiseño Word Builder (incomplete)
* https://asimplenature.com/local-legends-myths/luiseno/
* https://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/in-our-languages-luiseno/
* A Partial Grammar of Simplex and Complex Sentences In Luiseño by Davis, John Frederick (use for question words and conjunctions)
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      <text bytes="24470" sha1="pky3xfeu9vn5m51cw3anyw73lys25mf" xml:space="preserve">This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.

== Action Verbs ==
* qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place)
* noliy = to abandon (loved ones)
* matiy = to abolish (one object)
* wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects)
* ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain
* nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent
* huuhuki/ngináala(i) = to abuse
* miili/wukáli pominik = to accelerate, to make someone or something move faster
* hoha(i)/ku$ána(i) = to accept
* neshkinlu = to accept (someone as a relative)
* yulócha(i) = to accommodate
* hatíila = to accompany
* 'éesh ngee = to accompany with leave
* 'ayáalinik loví'i/tapi = to accomplish
* churó'a(i)/loví'a(i)/tapa(i) = to accomplish
* yulú'i = to accuse (intransitive)
* na'yawun = to accuse (transitive)
* 'a$ni = to give a bath to someone (transitive)
* 'aa$ = to bathe or for there to be a ring around the Sun or Moon
* puxi = to blow
* pithi = to break
* hilála(i) = to climb
* woki = to cut
* heeya(i) = to dig (with a direct object, transitive)
* hulúka(i) = to fall
* moyóoni = to feed
* neqpi = to fight
* wola = to grow
* xáari = to growl at
* heli = to hide
* kopa(i) = to hit
* yaaw = to hold
* 'ári = to kick
* moknu = to kill
* howa = to lie down
* heda(i) = to open or uncover
* paqa(i) = to pound, beat
* núuli = to push
* $okapa(i) = to scratch
* mu'án = to shoot
* tawa = to sit
* 'awóonganwinga ('ayá'yinga) teetila = to speak with an accent
* chuxi = to spit
* pava(i) = to split
* yona(i) = to squeeze
* pora(i) = to stab, pierce
* wiita = to stand
* 'uyootu = to steal
* hiipa(i) = to suck
* waaka(i) = to sweep
* havácha = to swell
* waaya = to swim
* hata(i) = to throw
* chaqálaqi = to tickle
* pona(i) = to tie or fasten
* moma(i) = to turn
* muváay = to wash the face
* chaayi = to winnow

== Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Pronouns, and Sentence Words ==

=== Adverbs ===
* pilék = absolutely
* 'eechi/pa'áq = above
* tuutuva = above all
* pominik = abundantly
* neshkin = accessible
* wehmali = a little
* yu'pan = again
* waam 'eechi = far above
* tuwíilangay = from above
* muyuk = much
* neshkin = near
* wehkun = twice/two times

=== Conjunctions ===

* pi' = and
* tee = if

=== Personal Pronouns ===

=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===

=== Sentence Words ===

* aaashisha = an untranslatable exclamation of joy or surprise
* miiyu = hello (to one person)
* miiyuyam = hello (to multiple people)
* suláaqaxam = welcome
* 'ohóo = yes
*qay = no, not, never
*tee = maybe

=== Question Words ===

== Abstract Concepts ==

=== Abstract Nouns ===
* huu'iwut = ability
* ma'nish = abstaining
* toowaxat = accent
* hax poyáqala = according to (functions as a noun)
* 'apiláchax = state of being accustomed to
* teela = language (same word as &quot;prayer&quot;)
* tungla = name
* humáhmash = something absurd
* muuyaat = something abundant
* 'áa'alvish = story (same word as &quot;book&quot;)
* teelamal = word

=== Abstract Verbs ===
* michá' 'axána = to be able to do
* 'o'na = to be able to tell
* 'aláxwi = to be bad
* 'ichi = to clear from obligation or get even (same word as &quot;to fish&quot;)
* 'ayáli = to know
* 'onáni = to know
* 'o'na = to know or be knowledgeable
* piláchi = to learn
* woy'a = to think

== Colors ==

=== Color Adjectives ===

* yuváttaat = black
* malómlush = blue
* toxótxush = brown
* yuváttaat = dark colored (added to modify other color words)
* qwayaqwyish = dark red or gold
* piwípwish = gray
* xwayáxwyish = gray or faded
* konóknish = green (same as the word for bruised)
* pixépxish = light blue or steel blue
* 'a$ó'$ush yuváttaat = orange
* 'av'aat = red
* qwayáqwyash = red
* 'avá'vash = pink
* ngaxlul = purple (same word for &quot;graphite&quot;)
* sisínnaval = silver
* qaasimal = violet
* xwayyaat = white
* 'a$ó'$ush = yellow

=== Color Verbs ===
Color verbs take on the meaning of &quot;to make or paint this color&quot; when transitive.

* yuváta(i) = to be black
* piwwa(i) = to be or turn gray, to be nervous before a speech, or to dust with flour
* 'av'a(i) = to blush or be red (without a direct object, intransitive)
* xwayya(i) = to brighten, turn white, or bleach (without a direct object, intransitive)

== Common Words ==

=== Common Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs ===
* loovi = to be accurate
* wehmal = a few, a little bit
* choo'un = all
* yawáywish = beautiful
* toongax = below
* yot = big
* navúnvush = blunt, dull
* konóknish = bruised
* neshkin = close, near
* 'iitaat = cold
* puráara = to be cold
* 'a$uun = correct, true (literally &quot;its heart;&quot; stress on the second syllable)
* axaxunat = delicious
* wimaat = difficult, hard
* kwila(i) = to be or make dirty
* waxa = dry
* waam = far
* $uwó$wush = frightening, scary, or dangerous
* 'ayáalinik = good
* polóov = good, nice
* wima(i) = to be heavy
* tavulvush (singular), taatalvish (plural) = long
* 'iipit = new
* 'anxa = old
* hethi = open
* 'awoo = other
* $owa(i) = to be sharp
* kapákpamal = short
* 'alú'mal = small
* tupútpush (singular), tupútpish (plural) = thick
* 'alú'mal = thin
* paamuwish = wet

=== Common Verbs ===
* samsa = to buy or sell (the sentence needs to designate &quot;from&quot; or &quot;to&quot; because this word is used for two verbal actions)
* mon = to come
* tápi = to finish
* noonomi = to follow
* 'oovi = to give
* naqma = to hear or listen
* máamayu = to help
* yí'yi = to play
* ya = to say
* toow = to see or watch
* kup = to sleep or take a nap
* hu$i = to smell
* téetila = to talk
* kwaavichu = to take care of
* aa'alvi = to tell history
* mon = to walk
* wukála = to walk
*'owó'a = to work
* 'uwó'u = to work

== Days and Seasons ==

=== Days of the Week ===
* Luunis = Monday
* Powéhlo = Tuesday
* Popáahaylo = Wednesday
* Powasá&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ilo = Thursday
* Pomháarilo = Friday
* Saavatha = Saturday
* Miisish = Sunday

=== Seasons ===
* qay pitóowili $uvóowut = fall
* ta$pa = spring
* tawpash = summer
* $uvóowut = winter

=== Units of Time ===
* pitóo = now, today
* 'exngay = tomorrow
* waxáam = yesterday

== Environment ==

=== Buildings and Constructed World ===
* 'oma = to be abroad or absent
* napilash = cemetery
* chuyi = to cremate
* taaxanash = grave
* kiicha = house
* naachaxanlash = restaurant
* pet = road, path
* piláchilash = school
* ha$lash = sweathouse
* pweevlo = town
* $uyvish = trash (same word as &quot;stinger&quot;)

=== Natural World ===
* $oomawish = abloom landscape
* woolaqat = abyss
* tuvíi' = to accumulate (of clouds)
* chuya(i) = to burn
* tuvíicha = cloud
* xwaayamal = dawn
* toowut = dust
* 'exla = earth, soil
* ngiinish = earthquake
* kut = fire
* ya' = to flow
* mesmal = fog
* ngaxlul = graphite (same word as &quot;purple&quot;)
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* paala = lake
* pokwóoyaqala = lake
* 'exla = land, ground, or soil
* $iwári = to flash of lightning
* qawíicha = mountain
* moomat = ocean, sea, large body of water, or beach
* pisát = outdoors or outside world
* 'axíllax = rain (noun)
* xila(i) = to rain
* 'a$óonax = rainbow
* kwiimawish = region abundant in acorns
* 'engla = salt
* 'exval = sand
* tuupash = sky
* kuumit = smoke
* toota = stone
* toomawut = thunder/thundercloud
* 'alóomax = wave (on the ocean)
* paala = water
* hungla = wind or air

=== Astronomy ===
* Yungauish = Altair
* Nukulish = Antares
* piwíish = Milky Way (same word as &quot;headband&quot;)
* moyla = Moon
* tukva = night or evening
* tuukumit = night
* tukmit = night sky
* Hulaish = Orion
* Chehaiyan = Pleiades
* Tukmishwut = Polaris
* Yungauish poma = right hand of Altair
* $u'la = star
* temét = Sun, day, time, or weather
* naanat = sunshine or warmth of the Sun
* aylucha = Venus

== Flora and Fauna ==

=== Animal Parts and Generic Animal Terms ===

* pe' = feather (inalienable)
* wiila = to fly
* qwq'pish = game animal
* $uyvish = stinger (same word as &quot;trash&quot;)
* kawít = wing

=== Aquatic Animals and Amphibians ===
* 'ayla = abalone
* 'anámat = fish
* kiyúul = fish
* waxáw'kila = frog
* chaláka = horned toad
* momngawish = marine, from the sea
* waaxal = mussel
* $awvish = olive snail
* qap$ut = pismo clam
* selwamal = rainbow trout
* qexla = red abalone
* paa'ila momngawish = sea turtle
* tukval = sea otter
* waxáawut = toad
* paa'ila = turtle
* 'oymal = Washington clam
* koyóowut = whale

=== Arthropods and Mollusks ===
* 'aanat = ant
* lamáqata = ant
* 'ánmal = ant (small and black variety that often enters houses)
* $isqila = beetle
* kuyxingish = black widow spider
* 'avélaka = butterfly, moth
* $iválaka = cabbage looper
* $akíshla = caterpillar
* chilíkmay = cricket
* kamaríwthi = dragonfly
* mokwáchish = flea
* ku'áal = fly
* wi'ét = grasshopper
* $akíshla = hairy caterpillar
* keekila = Jerusalem cricket (potato bug)
* 'ulát = louse
* lukú'chish = mosquito
* xuvóoviqat = moth
* 'aanat = red ant
* $uyla = scorpion
* muvíllaqa = snail
* kuyxingish = spider
* $isqila = stink bug
* 'amácha = tick
* $aa$angla = yellow jacket

=== Birds ===
* paam'ush = bald eagle
* mixéevawut = band-tailed pidgeon
* 'ehéngmay = bird
* 'ihéngmal = bird
* chachaláaka = blue grouse
* 'aláawaka = buzzard
* yungáavaywut = California condor
* wi'kasmal = California jay
* $oola = California woodpecker
* qaxaavaywut = chicken
* pal'vismal = cliff swallow
* $ayla = coot
* 'alwut = crow
* mixéel = dove, pigeon
* qaatqat = duck
* táavish = flicker bird
* 'a$wut = golden eagle
* muuta = great horned owl
* tishla = hummingbird
* tishmal = hummingbird
* pepnash = junco
* tamáawut = mockingbird
* qaxáawut = mountain quail
* chaa'ish = pinyon jay
* qaxáal = quail
* paaxingish = red-shouldered blackbird
* kwa'la = red-tailed hawk
* puypuy = roadrunner
* yunúqwut = ruddy duck
* kolókolokamay = sparrow hawk
* waxolóoti = turkey
* yungáavish = turkey vulture
* qaxáal = valley quail
* 'aláawaka = vulture
* la'la = Western Canada goose
* atáal = white pelican
* $oola = woodpecker

=== Mammals ===
* tonla = antelope
* huunal = badger
* taválalakmal = bat
* tavállalakmay = bat
* hunwut = bear
* paa'at = bighorn sheep
* $u'ish = black-tail jackrabbit
* tuukut = bobcat/lynx
* toovit = brush rabbit
* tuukut kingawish = cat
* gaato/gatu = cat (synonym borrowed from Spanish)
* wiskun = chipmunk
* too$axit = cottontail rabbit
* 'anó' = coyote
* $uukat = deer
* 'awáal = dog
* 'iswut = dingo or wolf
* paa$ukat = elk/horse
* qewéewish = fox
* yuula = fur
* qeengish = gray ground squirrel
* $ukáawut = gray tree squirrel
* hunwut = grizzly bear
* muu$ikat = goat (same as the word for bearded person)
* moota = gopher
* kaváayu = horse
* 'ixí'wumal = lamb
* tukwut = mountain lion/cougar
* tapáshmal = mouse
* 'ashla = pet, domesticated animal, or livestock
* 'inú'nish = pig
* moota = pocket gopher
* pa'yamal = racoon
* 'ixí'wut = sheep
* paalukut = skunk
* tukyaspal = spotted skunk
* qeengish = squirrel
* $ukáawut = tree squirrel or flying squirrel
* tuukut = wildcat
* qawla = wood rat

=== Plant Parts ===

* $oo' = flower (inalienable)
* pavlash = leaf
* towla = root
* choochavish = thistle
* kulaawut = wood

=== Reptiles ===
* $ithí' = bull snake, gopher snake
* qiqéngla = king snake
* qa$ílla = lizard
* qa$íla = scaly lizard
* 'avétkala = small brown lizard
* piiqwala = snake
* $oowut = rattlesnake

=== Small Plants and Fungi ===

* pikwla = blackberry
* kanvut = black sage
* patumkut = blue eyed grass
* sikimona = branching phaciela
* puchaklala = Brewer's redmaids
* kaukat = bush mallow
* pankla = bush sunflower
* hulakul = California buckwheat
* wuláqla = California buckwheat
* ashla = California golden violet
* 'atóo$anat = California poppy
* hulvul = California sagebrush
* 'u'utt = chamise
* paa$al = chia
* kutápish = corn
* náqtumush = datura, jimsonweed
* makiyal = desert dandelion
* wiicha = dogbane
* takovschich = Douglas' nightshade
* kuuta = elderberry
* panáa'al = foothills yucca
* puchakla = fringed redmaids
* chachwomal = gilia
* wu$óochish = gooseberry
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* shakishla = hoary nettle
* pavivut = Indian tobacco
* mawut = lupine
* paatamkat = milkweed
* tokmat = milkweed
* towish popa'kwa = miner's lettuce
* $aqáapish = oyster mushroom
* 'iyáala = poison oak
* ataushanut = poppy
* $ooval = skunkbush
* qeenat = soaproot
* $oyla = southwestern spiny rush
* $akíshla = stinging nettle
* ko$aat = sugarcane
* sawvel = sumac
* palit = thistle sage
* solisal = tidy tips
* piivat = tobacco
* paalaxwish = toxic mushroom
* aatchawut = toyon
* pivée$ash = tule
* $aaxish = wheat
* kawá'wal = white chaparral currant
* quaashil = white sage
* 'enwish = wild cucumber
* tokapish = wild hyacinth
* nanukuish = wild four o'clock
* makwit = wild grapevine
* 'urúush = wild oats or wild rice
* 'ushla = wild rose
* paa'akal = wild sunflower
* paukla = wild sunflower
* chevnish = yerba mansa
* palwut = yerba santa
* panáa'al = yucca whipplei

=== Trees ===
* sashet = Arroyo willow
* kwiila = black oak
* wiat = canyon oak
* wi'áa$al = coast live oak
* avahut = cottonwood
* 'aváaxat = cottonwood
* wixétut = digger pine
* tovashal = Engleman oak
* ahanish = holly leaf cherry
* tovat = incense cedar
* waa'at = juniper
* koolul = manzanita
* hunúuvat = Mojave yucca
* tuvát = pinyon pine
* l'mushla = scrub oak
* yoela = singleleaf pinyon
* kuláawut = tree
* kwiila = valley oak
* 'u'úumal = white fir
* chaamish = wild cherry
* $axát = willow

== Food and Drink ==
* kwiila = acorn
** xeexat = acorn (as food)
** $aawokish = acorn bread
** puutash = acorn cap
** pa$kash/pa$kush = acorn dough
** maaxish = acorn flour
** wasáaya = acorn flour cooked into a ball
** siwvol = acorn hull
** wiiwish = acorn porridge
** paamumal po$íchi = acorn porridge (vulgar term literally meaning &quot;seagull spew&quot;)
** maaxpish = acorns ready for pounding into flour
** mawpish = acorn on a tree
** $ii'awish = acorn without shell
** kuuya(i) = to beat down acorns
** wiw = to cook acorn mush
** pe' = to eat acorn mush
** toomo = first acorns of the season
* paa'kilash = alcohol
* ko'i = to bite
* ko$$aat = candy or cookie
* meecha(i) = to chew
* lo'xa = to cook
* qwa$o'i = to cook or make ripen
* ko'cha(i) = to cook or barbecue
* 'engmawish = cracker (saltine)
* paa'i = to drink
* kwa' = to eat
* naachaxan = to eat dinner (or less commonly several other meals)
* naachaxanlo = to eat lunch
* paanil = egg
* wi' = fat, grease (inalienable)
* 'ichi = to fish (same word as &quot;clear from obligation or get even&quot;)
* naachaxanish = food or meal
* pushla = fruit
* paaw = to get water
* $a$angla po'aw = honey
* 'aamo = to hunt
* waa'ish = meat
* pooyish = pinole
* meewa(i) = to roast vegetables
* pisá'a = to rot
* engla = salt
* 'engmawish = salty
* ko$aat = sugar
* paala = water

== Locations ==
* Awa' = Aguanga
* Taakwi = Cahuilla Mountain
* Kachikchi = Cuyamaca Mountain
* Paisvi = Iron Spring
* Pavala = Kuka and Portreo encampment during acorn season
* Yangi’wana = Mesa Grande
* Katukto = Morrow hill near Fallbrook
* Pala = Pala
* Shoau = Pala encampment during acorn gathering season
* Paauw = Palomar Mountain
** Wikyo = Highest Peak on Palomar Mountain
** Chakúuli = gathering place of La Jolla people on Palomar Mountain
* Wavam = Pauma encampment on mountain during acorn gathering season
* Tawish Poshapilia= rocky peak east of Wikyo
* Woshha = Rincon
** Ahuya = Old village above Rincon on Road to Potrero
* Pewipwi = San Bernardino Mountain
* Yamiwa = San Jacinto Mountain
* Topamai = Village at Santa Margarita Ranch near ranch house
* I’pax = Highest Peak on Volcan Mountain
* Shautushma = Yapicha encampment during acorn season

== Modern Objects and Concepts ==

=== Bathroom ===
* 'a$lash = bathtub, shower, or bathroom with one of these two fixtures
* muváaylash = sink, washbasin, or bathroom with sink (but not a toilet or bathtub)
* pisáangalash = toilet

=== Bedroom, Living Room, and Office ===
* kuplash = bed
* kupú'ilash = bedroom
* taanat = blanket
* 'áa'alvish = book/story
* táwwilash = chair
* kut = lamp
* yukkavish = pillow
* nooli = to read
* laméesa = table
* waam tiiwilash = television

=== Currency ===
* purú'a(i) = to accumulate (money)
* sinnaval chooraat = coin
* sisínnaval = money (same word as &quot;money&quot; and &quot;silver&quot;)
* sinnaval = money or cash

=== Kitchen ===
* pakápkish = fork
* naachaxanish lo'xalash = kitchen
* wokkilash = knife
* 'iitaat = refridgerator
* ko'chilash = stove or oven
* peshlish = plate or bowl
* 'iival = spoon

=== Machines ===
* toomawumal = battery
* qa$lapish = clapper
* toomawutal = electric/electronic

=== Stationery ===
* naawilash = pen, marker, or keyboard
* piwípwilash = pencil

=== Substances ===
* chiivut/ko$ólaxat = acid
* chiivní'i = to acidify
* sisínnaval qwayáqwyish = copper or gold
* sisínnaval = metal or silver (same word as &quot;money&quot;)

=== Transport ===
* kwaatilash = school bus

=== Tools ===
* waakilash = broom or brush
* heyyilash = shovel

=== Weapons ===
* patkilash = gun

== Numbers ==
* qay haaya = to abound
* woy'a(i) = to count
* supúl = one (but can also be used as an optional indefinite article with the meaning of a/an)
* weh = two
* paahey = three
* wasá' = four
* maháar = five
* paváahay = six
* kavíkvish = seven
* $iwlash = eight
* nomaawasá' = nine
* tappaat = ten

== People and Bodies ==

=== Bodily Functions ===
* qay pitóowili choxaqati mokna = to abort a child
* hakwís = to breathe
* pi'muk = to die or be dead
* puti' = to dream about
* 'aaw = to live or be alive
* kup = to sleep
* xula = to sweat
* haaqwi = to yawn
* haka = to yawn

=== Bodily Substances ===

* 'owla = blood
* $aa'ish = feces

=== Body Parts ===

* 'iyé'iyish = ankle
* maa = arm, hand
* qwalma = armpit
* maachat = back
* qli = back of the neck (inalienable)
* muu$il = beard
* tee'la = belly
* taaxaw = body (inalienable)
* kulaawut = bone
* pit = breast
* 'aal = chest (inalienable)
* 'ooyi = chin (inalienable)
* toowish = corpse
* naq = ear (inalienable)
* naqla = ear
* pushla = eye
* push = face, eye (inalienable) 
* $ulát = fingernail or claw
* 'et = foot (inalienable)
* qwi = forehead (inalienable)
* piwíila = gray hair
* yu'/yuula = hair, head
* mat = hand
* no$úun = heart
* chíi'a = hip (inalienable)
* $ii = intestines
* 'echvash = left hand
* 'e' = leg, foot (inalienable)
* nooma = liver
* savásvash = lung
* tamát = mouth
* tma = mouth, teeth
* qalát = nape
* qelát = neck
* muuvi = nose (inalienable)
* muuvil = nose or nasal passages
* pli = right hand (inalienable)
* yuutush = scalp or wig
* $ooka = shoulder
* taavash = skin
* tee' = stomach (inalienable)
* qasíivish = tail
* xaara = throat (inalienable)
* xaarash = throat
* weeya/weeyi = tongue (inalienable)
* tamát = tooth

=== Diseases and Injuries ===
* muukil 'iyáxwimawish = abscess or purulent wound
* xeva = to have acne
* hulúka = to have an accident
* to'mivini = to hurt someone by accident
* muukil = boil or pimple
* naq taaxa = to have an earache
* kuma(i) = to have an earache or headache
* tiwa(i)/ya$á$a(i) = to hurt, ache
* $uyi = to itch
* taaxa(i) = to have a sideache
* $uypish = sting or bugbite
* koona(i)/poróvora (intransitive)/$angáwi (transitive)/tee' tiwa (intransitive) = to have a stomachache
* tamát tiwish = toothache
* tmay ku'áal qwa' = to have a toothache (literally &quot;to eat a maggot&quot;)
* muyi = to vomit

=== Emotional States ===
* putii'ish = dream
* naala = fear

=== Emotional Verbs ===
* $ala = to abhore, hate
* $owóo' = to be afraid
* $ala = to be unable to stand
* ngaa = to cry
* $uwóo' = to fear or be afraid of
* $ukka(i) = to be frightened or startled (intransitive) or to frighten or startle a person (transitive)
* tooya = to laugh
* hamooya = to be shy

=== Family Members ===
* keeka = aunt
* yuku = cousin (inalienable)
* $waamay = daughter (inalienable)
* kiiyam = family (inalienable)
* na' = father (inalienable)
* kwa' = maternal grandfather (inalienable)
* tu' = maternal grandmother (inalienable)
* yo' = mother (inalienable)
* 'alimay = nephew or niece (inalienable)
* paa'a$ = older brother (inalienable)
* qee'es = older sister (inalienable)
* ka' = paternal grandparent (inalienable)
* kaamay = son (inalienable)
* nukmu = uncle
* $ungaaki = wife
* peet = younger brother (inalienable)
* piit = younger sister (inalienable)

=== Types of People ===
* 'ahíichu = abandoned person
* qamí'i-nóotuy = to abdicate
* 'uví'vish = absentminded person
* kihúutsamal = baby
* muu$ikat = bearded person (same as the word for goat)
* hengéemal = boy
* noot = chief, leader
* kihaat = child
* 'ashkat = cowboy or rancher
* tengalkat = doctor
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* nawítmal = girl
* hamú'wish = indigenous person
* hamúulawish = indigenous person
* ya'ásh = man
* 'ahíichu = orphan
* 'atáax = person
* to$ngukat = police officer, commander, director, or principal
* momngawish = sailor (same word as &quot;marine&quot; (adj))
* puula = shaman
* heelikat = singer
* neqpikat = soldier
* huu'unikat = teacher
* $ungáal = woman

== Suffixes ==

* -oto = according to (functions as a suffix added to nouns)
* -mal = little/dear (diminutive)
* -kat = one who has or does
* -ma = should have, would have, or every day
* -kun = times/instances
* -lash = tool or instrument used to perform the function

== Religion and Spirituality ==
* 'ina(i) = to absolve (a sin)
* tolmul = afterlife
* yuungawish = deity or powerful spirit
* teela = prayer (same word as &quot;language&quot;)
* toowish = spirit or ghost of deceased person

== Traditional Objects and Concepts ==

=== Abstract Culture ===

* qapúta = to abbreviate
* pelaxish = to dance
* pélla = to dance
* pumi = to initiate a boy into manhood
* wiqeni  = to initiate a girl into womanhood
* tungla = name or title
* héela = to sing
* heelaxish = song
* teelat = spoken word or language

=== Clothing and Jewelry ===

* yumpish = basketry hat
* miyxanish = clothing
* paaxwichat = earring
* cheeyat = feather headband
* yumpish = hat
* piwíish = headband (same word for &quot;Milky Way&quot;)
* tóonav = to make baskets
* qenxat = necklace
* wiiru = to play a flute
* wachxat = shoes
* olval = skirt

=== Objects ===
* $avárvash = abrasive (noun)
* chuunga(i) = to absorb
* chuungkawut = absorbent (noun)
* huula = arrow
* yoowlash = arrow straightener
* teelingish = ash
* kunla = bag, sack
* ichilash kaarawut = bait
* waw'kish = ball game
* tukmal = basket
* moochaynit = basket for storing acorns
* pavyut = bead
* ngaw'lash = bed, mat for sleeping
* taanat = blanket, buckskin, or rug
* kutapish = bow
* nemeexát = bow (sinew-backed)
* wiwlash = bowl for acorn mush
* pawxit = canoe
* iikat = carrying net
* wotilash = club (tool)
* qeepish = cradleboard
* nax'a = digging stick
* icháqilash = drinking cup
* moorilash = fire drill (a stick to start a fire, not an emergency preparation event)
* kut pochuyila = fireplace
* kulaawut = firewood
* iiqish = fish hook
* hunuuvat = fishing line
* wiirulash = flute
* $aanat = glue
* neexwut = gourd rattle
* malaal = grinding stone
* pikát = knife
* tengalish = medicine
* toopal = mortar
* eevish = needle, awl
* navyót = ochre
* wotilish = paddle, oar
* toopawut = pestle
* $aanut = pitch, tar
* peshlish = pot
* taavalkwash = quiver
* páveut = sacred pointed stone used on the tip of ceremonial staffs
* tamish = sacred stone bowl 
* washpish = seed beater
* apmal = small basket
* huu$i = smoke
* $e'lalash = spear
* iival = stirring stick
* sinaval = string of shells used as currency
* paa'ayat = rattle
* paa'isval = red paint
* toota = rock
* wiichut = rope, string
* kotlash = thatch, roof
* waakat = throwing strick
* piveesash = tobacco pipe
* orilash = trap, snare
* $uyvish = trash
* wixét = tule boat
* wixee'et = tule boat
* paayut = turtle rattle
* toovish = white paint
* naawa(i) = to write, record, paint, draw, or inscribe (with a direct object, transitive)

== References ==

* https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/3
* https://quizlet.com/503767900/an-introduction-to-the-luiseno-language-nouns-1-flash-cards/
* https://www.instagram.com/paumaimls/
* Luiseño Word Builder (incomplete)
* https://asimplenature.com/local-legends-myths/luiseno/
* https://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/in-our-languages-luiseno/
* A Partial Grammar of Simplex and Complex Sentences In Luiseño by Davis, John Frederick (use for question words and conjunctions)
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      <text bytes="24468" sha1="iriyys983cxa1khqc2aymbe2eq5in4k" xml:space="preserve">This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.

== Action Verbs ==
* qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place)
* noliy = to abandon (loved ones)
* matiy = to abolish (one object)
* wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects)
* ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain
* nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent
* huuhuki/ngináala(i) = to abuse
* miili/wukáli pominik = to accelerate, to make someone or something move faster
* hoha(i)/ku$ána(i) = to accept
* neshkinlu = to accept (someone as a relative)
* yulócha(i) = to accommodate
* hatíila = to accompany
* 'éesh ngee = to accompany with leave
* 'ayáalinik loví'i/tapi = to accomplish
* churó'a(i)/loví'a(i)/tapa(i) = to accomplish
* yulú'i = to accuse (intransitive)
* na'yawun = to accuse (transitive)
* 'a$ni = to give a bath to someone (transitive)
* 'aa$ = to bathe or for there to be a ring around the Sun or Moon
* puxi = to blow
* pithi = to break
* hilála(i) = to climb
* woki = to cut
* heeya(i) = to dig (with a direct object, transitive)
* hulúka(i) = to fall
* moyóoni = to feed
* neqpi = to fight
* wola = to grow
* xaari = to growl at
* heli = to hide
* kopa(i) = to hit
* yaaw = to hold
* 'ari = to kick
* moknu = to kill
* howa = to lie down
* heda(i) = to open or uncover
* paqa(i) = to pound, beat
* núuli = to push
* $okapa(i) = to scratch
* mu'án = to shoot
* tawa = to sit
* 'awóonganwinga ('ayá'yinga) teetila = to speak with an accent
* chuxi = to spit
* pava(i) = to split
* yona(i) = to squeeze
* pora(i) = to stab, pierce
* wiita = to stand
* 'uyootu = to steal
* hiipa(i) = to suck
* waaka(i) = to sweep
* havácha = to swell
* waaya = to swim
* hata(i) = to throw
* chaqálaqi = to tickle
* pona(i) = to tie or fasten
* moma(i) = to turn
* muváay = to wash the face
* chaayi = to winnow

== Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Pronouns, and Sentence Words ==

=== Adverbs ===
* pilék = absolutely
* 'eechi/pa'áq = above
* tuutuva = above all
* pominik = abundantly
* neshkin = accessible
* wehmali = a little
* yu'pan = again
* waam 'eechi = far above
* tuwíilangay = from above
* muyuk = much
* neshkin = near
* wehkun = twice/two times

=== Conjunctions ===

* pi' = and
* tee = if

=== Personal Pronouns ===

=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===

=== Sentence Words ===

* aaashisha = an untranslatable exclamation of joy or surprise
* miiyu = hello (to one person)
* miiyuyam = hello (to multiple people)
* suláaqaxam = welcome
* 'ohóo = yes
*qay = no, not, never
*tee = maybe

=== Question Words ===

== Abstract Concepts ==

=== Abstract Nouns ===
* huu'iwut = ability
* ma'nish = abstaining
* toowaxat = accent
* hax poyáqala = according to (functions as a noun)
* 'apiláchax = state of being accustomed to
* teela = language (same word as &quot;prayer&quot;)
* tungla = name
* humáhmash = something absurd
* muuyaat = something abundant
* 'áa'alvish = story (same word as &quot;book&quot;)
* teelamal = word

=== Abstract Verbs ===
* michá' 'axána = to be able to do
* 'o'na = to be able to tell
* 'aláxwi = to be bad
* 'ichi = to clear from obligation or get even (same word as &quot;to fish&quot;)
* 'ayáli = to know
* 'onáni = to know
* 'o'na = to know or be knowledgeable
* piláchi = to learn
* woy'a = to think

== Colors ==

=== Color Adjectives ===

* yuváttaat = black
* malómlush = blue
* toxótxush = brown
* yuváttaat = dark colored (added to modify other color words)
* qwayaqwyish = dark red or gold
* piwípwish = gray
* xwayáxwyish = gray or faded
* konóknish = green (same as the word for bruised)
* pixépxish = light blue or steel blue
* 'a$ó'$ush yuváttaat = orange
* 'av'aat = red
* qwayáqwyash = red
* 'avá'vash = pink
* ngaxlul = purple (same word for &quot;graphite&quot;)
* sisínnaval = silver
* qaasimal = violet
* xwayyaat = white
* 'a$ó'$ush = yellow

=== Color Verbs ===
Color verbs take on the meaning of &quot;to make or paint this color&quot; when transitive.

* yuváta(i) = to be black
* piwwa(i) = to be or turn gray, to be nervous before a speech, or to dust with flour
* 'av'a(i) = to blush or be red (without a direct object, intransitive)
* xwayya(i) = to brighten, turn white, or bleach (without a direct object, intransitive)

== Common Words ==

=== Common Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs ===
* loovi = to be accurate
* wehmal = a few, a little bit
* choo'un = all
* yawáywish = beautiful
* toongax = below
* yot = big
* navúnvush = blunt, dull
* konóknish = bruised
* neshkin = close, near
* 'iitaat = cold
* puráara = to be cold
* 'a$uun = correct, true (literally &quot;its heart;&quot; stress on the second syllable)
* axaxunat = delicious
* wimaat = difficult, hard
* kwila(i) = to be or make dirty
* waxa = dry
* waam = far
* $uwó$wush = frightening, scary, or dangerous
* 'ayáalinik = good
* polóov = good, nice
* wima(i) = to be heavy
* tavulvush (singular), taatalvish (plural) = long
* 'iipit = new
* 'anxa = old
* hethi = open
* 'awoo = other
* $owa(i) = to be sharp
* kapákpamal = short
* 'alú'mal = small
* tupútpush (singular), tupútpish (plural) = thick
* 'alú'mal = thin
* paamuwish = wet

=== Common Verbs ===
* samsa = to buy or sell (the sentence needs to designate &quot;from&quot; or &quot;to&quot; because this word is used for two verbal actions)
* mon = to come
* tápi = to finish
* noonomi = to follow
* 'oovi = to give
* naqma = to hear or listen
* máamayu = to help
* yí'yi = to play
* ya = to say
* toow = to see or watch
* kup = to sleep or take a nap
* hu$i = to smell
* téetila = to talk
* kwaavichu = to take care of
* aa'alvi = to tell history
* mon = to walk
* wukála = to walk
*'owó'a = to work
* 'uwó'u = to work

== Days and Seasons ==

=== Days of the Week ===
* Luunis = Monday
* Powéhlo = Tuesday
* Popáahaylo = Wednesday
* Powasá&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ilo = Thursday
* Pomháarilo = Friday
* Saavatha = Saturday
* Miisish = Sunday

=== Seasons ===
* qay pitóowili $uvóowut = fall
* ta$pa = spring
* tawpash = summer
* $uvóowut = winter

=== Units of Time ===
* pitóo = now, today
* 'exngay = tomorrow
* waxáam = yesterday

== Environment ==

=== Buildings and Constructed World ===
* 'oma = to be abroad or absent
* napilash = cemetery
* chuyi = to cremate
* taaxanash = grave
* kiicha = house
* naachaxanlash = restaurant
* pet = road, path
* piláchilash = school
* ha$lash = sweathouse
* pweevlo = town
* $uyvish = trash (same word as &quot;stinger&quot;)

=== Natural World ===
* $oomawish = abloom landscape
* woolaqat = abyss
* tuvíi' = to accumulate (of clouds)
* chuya(i) = to burn
* tuvíicha = cloud
* xwaayamal = dawn
* toowut = dust
* 'exla = earth, soil
* ngiinish = earthquake
* kut = fire
* ya' = to flow
* mesmal = fog
* ngaxlul = graphite (same word as &quot;purple&quot;)
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* paala = lake
* pokwóoyaqala = lake
* 'exla = land, ground, or soil
* $iwári = to flash of lightning
* qawíicha = mountain
* moomat = ocean, sea, large body of water, or beach
* pisát = outdoors or outside world
* 'axíllax = rain (noun)
* xila(i) = to rain
* 'a$óonax = rainbow
* kwiimawish = region abundant in acorns
* 'engla = salt
* 'exval = sand
* tuupash = sky
* kuumit = smoke
* toota = stone
* toomawut = thunder/thundercloud
* 'alóomax = wave (on the ocean)
* paala = water
* hungla = wind or air

=== Astronomy ===
* Yungauish = Altair
* Nukulish = Antares
* piwíish = Milky Way (same word as &quot;headband&quot;)
* moyla = Moon
* tukva = night or evening
* tuukumit = night
* tukmit = night sky
* Hulaish = Orion
* Chehaiyan = Pleiades
* Tukmishwut = Polaris
* Yungauish poma = right hand of Altair
* $u'la = star
* temét = Sun, day, time, or weather
* naanat = sunshine or warmth of the Sun
* aylucha = Venus

== Flora and Fauna ==

=== Animal Parts and Generic Animal Terms ===

* pe' = feather (inalienable)
* wiila = to fly
* qwq'pish = game animal
* $uyvish = stinger (same word as &quot;trash&quot;)
* kawít = wing

=== Aquatic Animals and Amphibians ===
* 'ayla = abalone
* 'anámat = fish
* kiyúul = fish
* waxáw'kila = frog
* chaláka = horned toad
* momngawish = marine, from the sea
* waaxal = mussel
* $awvish = olive snail
* qap$ut = pismo clam
* selwamal = rainbow trout
* qexla = red abalone
* paa'ila momngawish = sea turtle
* tukval = sea otter
* waxáawut = toad
* paa'ila = turtle
* 'oymal = Washington clam
* koyóowut = whale

=== Arthropods and Mollusks ===
* 'aanat = ant
* lamáqata = ant
* 'ánmal = ant (small and black variety that often enters houses)
* $isqila = beetle
* kuyxingish = black widow spider
* 'avélaka = butterfly, moth
* $iválaka = cabbage looper
* $akíshla = caterpillar
* chilíkmay = cricket
* kamaríwthi = dragonfly
* mokwáchish = flea
* ku'áal = fly
* wi'ét = grasshopper
* $akíshla = hairy caterpillar
* keekila = Jerusalem cricket (potato bug)
* 'ulát = louse
* lukú'chish = mosquito
* xuvóoviqat = moth
* 'aanat = red ant
* $uyla = scorpion
* muvíllaqa = snail
* kuyxingish = spider
* $isqila = stink bug
* 'amácha = tick
* $aa$angla = yellow jacket

=== Birds ===
* paam'ush = bald eagle
* mixéevawut = band-tailed pidgeon
* 'ehéngmay = bird
* 'ihéngmal = bird
* chachaláaka = blue grouse
* 'aláawaka = buzzard
* yungáavaywut = California condor
* wi'kasmal = California jay
* $oola = California woodpecker
* qaxaavaywut = chicken
* pal'vismal = cliff swallow
* $ayla = coot
* 'alwut = crow
* mixéel = dove, pigeon
* qaatqat = duck
* táavish = flicker bird
* 'a$wut = golden eagle
* muuta = great horned owl
* tishla = hummingbird
* tishmal = hummingbird
* pepnash = junco
* tamáawut = mockingbird
* qaxáawut = mountain quail
* chaa'ish = pinyon jay
* qaxáal = quail
* paaxingish = red-shouldered blackbird
* kwa'la = red-tailed hawk
* puypuy = roadrunner
* yunúqwut = ruddy duck
* kolókolokamay = sparrow hawk
* waxolóoti = turkey
* yungáavish = turkey vulture
* qaxáal = valley quail
* 'aláawaka = vulture
* la'la = Western Canada goose
* atáal = white pelican
* $oola = woodpecker

=== Mammals ===
* tonla = antelope
* huunal = badger
* taválalakmal = bat
* tavállalakmay = bat
* hunwut = bear
* paa'at = bighorn sheep
* $u'ish = black-tail jackrabbit
* tuukut = bobcat/lynx
* toovit = brush rabbit
* tuukut kingawish = cat
* gaato/gatu = cat (synonym borrowed from Spanish)
* wiskun = chipmunk
* too$axit = cottontail rabbit
* 'anó' = coyote
* $uukat = deer
* 'awáal = dog
* 'iswut = dingo or wolf
* paa$ukat = elk/horse
* qewéewish = fox
* yuula = fur
* qeengish = gray ground squirrel
* $ukáawut = gray tree squirrel
* hunwut = grizzly bear
* muu$ikat = goat (same as the word for bearded person)
* moota = gopher
* kaváayu = horse
* 'ixí'wumal = lamb
* tukwut = mountain lion/cougar
* tapáshmal = mouse
* 'ashla = pet, domesticated animal, or livestock
* 'inú'nish = pig
* moota = pocket gopher
* pa'yamal = racoon
* 'ixí'wut = sheep
* paalukut = skunk
* tukyaspal = spotted skunk
* qeengish = squirrel
* $ukáawut = tree squirrel or flying squirrel
* tuukut = wildcat
* qawla = wood rat

=== Plant Parts ===

* $oo' = flower (inalienable)
* pavlash = leaf
* towla = root
* choochavish = thistle
* kulaawut = wood

=== Reptiles ===
* $ithí' = bull snake, gopher snake
* qiqéngla = king snake
* qa$ílla = lizard
* qa$íla = scaly lizard
* 'avétkala = small brown lizard
* piiqwala = snake
* $oowut = rattlesnake

=== Small Plants and Fungi ===

* pikwla = blackberry
* kanvut = black sage
* patumkut = blue eyed grass
* sikimona = branching phaciela
* puchaklala = Brewer's redmaids
* kaukat = bush mallow
* pankla = bush sunflower
* hulakul = California buckwheat
* wuláqla = California buckwheat
* ashla = California golden violet
* 'atóo$anat = California poppy
* hulvul = California sagebrush
* 'u'utt = chamise
* paa$al = chia
* kutápish = corn
* náqtumush = datura, jimsonweed
* makiyal = desert dandelion
* wiicha = dogbane
* takovschich = Douglas' nightshade
* kuuta = elderberry
* panáa'al = foothills yucca
* puchakla = fringed redmaids
* chachwomal = gilia
* wu$óochish = gooseberry
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* shakishla = hoary nettle
* pavivut = Indian tobacco
* mawut = lupine
* paatamkat = milkweed
* tokmat = milkweed
* towish popa'kwa = miner's lettuce
* $aqáapish = oyster mushroom
* 'iyáala = poison oak
* ataushanut = poppy
* $ooval = skunkbush
* qeenat = soaproot
* $oyla = southwestern spiny rush
* $akíshla = stinging nettle
* ko$aat = sugarcane
* sawvel = sumac
* palit = thistle sage
* solisal = tidy tips
* piivat = tobacco
* paalaxwish = toxic mushroom
* aatchawut = toyon
* pivée$ash = tule
* $aaxish = wheat
* kawá'wal = white chaparral currant
* quaashil = white sage
* 'enwish = wild cucumber
* tokapish = wild hyacinth
* nanukuish = wild four o'clock
* makwit = wild grapevine
* 'urúush = wild oats or wild rice
* 'ushla = wild rose
* paa'akal = wild sunflower
* paukla = wild sunflower
* chevnish = yerba mansa
* palwut = yerba santa
* panáa'al = yucca whipplei

=== Trees ===
* sashet = Arroyo willow
* kwiila = black oak
* wiat = canyon oak
* wi'áa$al = coast live oak
* avahut = cottonwood
* 'aváaxat = cottonwood
* wixétut = digger pine
* tovashal = Engleman oak
* ahanish = holly leaf cherry
* tovat = incense cedar
* waa'at = juniper
* koolul = manzanita
* hunúuvat = Mojave yucca
* tuvát = pinyon pine
* l'mushla = scrub oak
* yoela = singleleaf pinyon
* kuláawut = tree
* kwiila = valley oak
* 'u'úumal = white fir
* chaamish = wild cherry
* $axát = willow

== Food and Drink ==
* kwiila = acorn
** xeexat = acorn (as food)
** $aawokish = acorn bread
** puutash = acorn cap
** pa$kash/pa$kush = acorn dough
** maaxish = acorn flour
** wasáaya = acorn flour cooked into a ball
** siwvol = acorn hull
** wiiwish = acorn porridge
** paamumal po$íchi = acorn porridge (vulgar term literally meaning &quot;seagull spew&quot;)
** maaxpish = acorns ready for pounding into flour
** mawpish = acorn on a tree
** $ii'awish = acorn without shell
** kuuya(i) = to beat down acorns
** wiw = to cook acorn mush
** pe' = to eat acorn mush
** toomo = first acorns of the season
* paa'kilash = alcohol
* ko'i = to bite
* ko$$aat = candy or cookie
* meecha(i) = to chew
* lo'xa = to cook
* qwa$o'i = to cook or make ripen
* ko'cha(i) = to cook or barbecue
* 'engmawish = cracker (saltine)
* paa'i = to drink
* kwa' = to eat
* naachaxan = to eat dinner (or less commonly several other meals)
* naachaxanlo = to eat lunch
* paanil = egg
* wi' = fat, grease (inalienable)
* 'ichi = to fish (same word as &quot;clear from obligation or get even&quot;)
* naachaxanish = food or meal
* pushla = fruit
* paaw = to get water
* $a$angla po'aw = honey
* 'aamo = to hunt
* waa'ish = meat
* pooyish = pinole
* meewa(i) = to roast vegetables
* pisá'a = to rot
* engla = salt
* 'engmawish = salty
* ko$aat = sugar
* paala = water

== Locations ==
* Awa' = Aguanga
* Taakwi = Cahuilla Mountain
* Kachikchi = Cuyamaca Mountain
* Paisvi = Iron Spring
* Pavala = Kuka and Portreo encampment during acorn season
* Yangi’wana = Mesa Grande
* Katukto = Morrow hill near Fallbrook
* Pala = Pala
* Shoau = Pala encampment during acorn gathering season
* Paauw = Palomar Mountain
** Wikyo = Highest Peak on Palomar Mountain
** Chakúuli = gathering place of La Jolla people on Palomar Mountain
* Wavam = Pauma encampment on mountain during acorn gathering season
* Tawish Poshapilia= rocky peak east of Wikyo
* Woshha = Rincon
** Ahuya = Old village above Rincon on Road to Potrero
* Pewipwi = San Bernardino Mountain
* Yamiwa = San Jacinto Mountain
* Topamai = Village at Santa Margarita Ranch near ranch house
* I’pax = Highest Peak on Volcan Mountain
* Shautushma = Yapicha encampment during acorn season

== Modern Objects and Concepts ==

=== Bathroom ===
* 'a$lash = bathtub, shower, or bathroom with one of these two fixtures
* muváaylash = sink, washbasin, or bathroom with sink (but not a toilet or bathtub)
* pisáangalash = toilet

=== Bedroom, Living Room, and Office ===
* kuplash = bed
* kupú'ilash = bedroom
* taanat = blanket
* 'áa'alvish = book/story
* táwwilash = chair
* kut = lamp
* yukkavish = pillow
* nooli = to read
* laméesa = table
* waam tiiwilash = television

=== Currency ===
* purú'a(i) = to accumulate (money)
* sinnaval chooraat = coin
* sisínnaval = money (same word as &quot;money&quot; and &quot;silver&quot;)
* sinnaval = money or cash

=== Kitchen ===
* pakápkish = fork
* naachaxanish lo'xalash = kitchen
* wokkilash = knife
* 'iitaat = refridgerator
* ko'chilash = stove or oven
* peshlish = plate or bowl
* 'iival = spoon

=== Machines ===
* toomawumal = battery
* qa$lapish = clapper
* toomawutal = electric/electronic

=== Stationery ===
* naawilash = pen, marker, or keyboard
* piwípwilash = pencil

=== Substances ===
* chiivut/ko$ólaxat = acid
* chiivní'i = to acidify
* sisínnaval qwayáqwyish = copper or gold
* sisínnaval = metal or silver (same word as &quot;money&quot;)

=== Transport ===
* kwaatilash = school bus

=== Tools ===
* waakilash = broom or brush
* heyyilash = shovel

=== Weapons ===
* patkilash = gun

== Numbers ==
* qay haaya = to abound
* woy'a(i) = to count
* supúl = one (but can also be used as an optional indefinite article with the meaning of a/an)
* weh = two
* paahey = three
* wasá' = four
* maháar = five
* paváahay = six
* kavíkvish = seven
* $iwlash = eight
* nomaawasá' = nine
* tappaat = ten

== People and Bodies ==

=== Bodily Functions ===
* qay pitóowili choxaqati mokna = to abort a child
* hakwís = to breathe
* pi'muk = to die or be dead
* puti' = to dream about
* 'aaw = to live or be alive
* kup = to sleep
* xula = to sweat
* haaqwi = to yawn
* haka = to yawn

=== Bodily Substances ===

* 'owla = blood
* $aa'ish = feces

=== Body Parts ===

* 'iyé'iyish = ankle
* maa = arm, hand
* qwalma = armpit
* maachat = back
* qli = back of the neck (inalienable)
* muu$il = beard
* tee'la = belly
* taaxaw = body (inalienable)
* kulaawut = bone
* pit = breast
* 'aal = chest (inalienable)
* 'ooyi = chin (inalienable)
* toowish = corpse
* naq = ear (inalienable)
* naqla = ear
* pushla = eye
* push = face, eye (inalienable) 
* $ulát = fingernail or claw
* 'et = foot (inalienable)
* qwi = forehead (inalienable)
* piwíila = gray hair
* yu'/yuula = hair, head
* mat = hand
* no$úun = heart
* chíi'a = hip (inalienable)
* $ii = intestines
* 'echvash = left hand
* 'e' = leg, foot (inalienable)
* nooma = liver
* savásvash = lung
* tamát = mouth
* tma = mouth, teeth
* qalát = nape
* qelát = neck
* muuvi = nose (inalienable)
* muuvil = nose or nasal passages
* pli = right hand (inalienable)
* yuutush = scalp or wig
* $ooka = shoulder
* taavash = skin
* tee' = stomach (inalienable)
* qasíivish = tail
* xaara = throat (inalienable)
* xaarash = throat
* weeya/weeyi = tongue (inalienable)
* tamát = tooth

=== Diseases and Injuries ===
* muukil 'iyáxwimawish = abscess or purulent wound
* xeva = to have acne
* hulúka = to have an accident
* to'mivini = to hurt someone by accident
* muukil = boil or pimple
* naq taaxa = to have an earache
* kuma(i) = to have an earache or headache
* tiwa(i)/ya$á$a(i) = to hurt, ache
* $uyi = to itch
* taaxa(i) = to have a sideache
* $uypish = sting or bugbite
* koona(i)/poróvora (intransitive)/$angáwi (transitive)/tee' tiwa (intransitive) = to have a stomachache
* tamát tiwish = toothache
* tmay ku'áal qwa' = to have a toothache (literally &quot;to eat a maggot&quot;)
* muyi = to vomit

=== Emotional States ===
* putii'ish = dream
* naala = fear

=== Emotional Verbs ===
* $ala = to abhore, hate
* $owóo' = to be afraid
* $ala = to be unable to stand
* ngaa = to cry
* $uwóo' = to fear or be afraid of
* $ukka(i) = to be frightened or startled (intransitive) or to frighten or startle a person (transitive)
* tooya = to laugh
* hamooya = to be shy

=== Family Members ===
* keeka = aunt
* yuku = cousin (inalienable)
* $waamay = daughter (inalienable)
* kiiyam = family (inalienable)
* na' = father (inalienable)
* kwa' = maternal grandfather (inalienable)
* tu' = maternal grandmother (inalienable)
* yo' = mother (inalienable)
* 'alimay = nephew or niece (inalienable)
* paa'a$ = older brother (inalienable)
* qee'es = older sister (inalienable)
* ka' = paternal grandparent (inalienable)
* kaamay = son (inalienable)
* nukmu = uncle
* $ungaaki = wife
* peet = younger brother (inalienable)
* piit = younger sister (inalienable)

=== Types of People ===
* 'ahíichu = abandoned person
* qamí'i-nóotuy = to abdicate
* 'uví'vish = absentminded person
* kihúutsamal = baby
* muu$ikat = bearded person (same as the word for goat)
* hengéemal = boy
* noot = chief, leader
* kihaat = child
* 'ashkat = cowboy or rancher
* tengalkat = doctor
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* nawítmal = girl
* hamú'wish = indigenous person
* hamúulawish = indigenous person
* ya'ásh = man
* 'ahíichu = orphan
* 'atáax = person
* to$ngukat = police officer, commander, director, or principal
* momngawish = sailor (same word as &quot;marine&quot; (adj))
* puula = shaman
* heelikat = singer
* neqpikat = soldier
* huu'unikat = teacher
* $ungáal = woman

== Suffixes ==

* -oto = according to (functions as a suffix added to nouns)
* -mal = little/dear (diminutive)
* -kat = one who has or does
* -ma = should have, would have, or every day
* -kun = times/instances
* -lash = tool or instrument used to perform the function

== Religion and Spirituality ==
* 'ina(i) = to absolve (a sin)
* tolmul = afterlife
* yuungawish = deity or powerful spirit
* teela = prayer (same word as &quot;language&quot;)
* toowish = spirit or ghost of deceased person

== Traditional Objects and Concepts ==

=== Abstract Culture ===

* qapúta = to abbreviate
* pelaxish = to dance
* pélla = to dance
* pumi = to initiate a boy into manhood
* wiqeni  = to initiate a girl into womanhood
* tungla = name or title
* héela = to sing
* heelaxish = song
* teelat = spoken word or language

=== Clothing and Jewelry ===

* yumpish = basketry hat
* miyxanish = clothing
* paaxwichat = earring
* cheeyat = feather headband
* yumpish = hat
* piwíish = headband (same word for &quot;Milky Way&quot;)
* tóonav = to make baskets
* qenxat = necklace
* wiiru = to play a flute
* wachxat = shoes
* olval = skirt

=== Objects ===
* $avárvash = abrasive (noun)
* chuunga(i) = to absorb
* chuungkawut = absorbent (noun)
* huula = arrow
* yoowlash = arrow straightener
* teelingish = ash
* kunla = bag, sack
* ichilash kaarawut = bait
* waw'kish = ball game
* tukmal = basket
* moochaynit = basket for storing acorns
* pavyut = bead
* ngaw'lash = bed, mat for sleeping
* taanat = blanket, buckskin, or rug
* kutapish = bow
* nemeexát = bow (sinew-backed)
* wiwlash = bowl for acorn mush
* pawxit = canoe
* iikat = carrying net
* wotilash = club (tool)
* qeepish = cradleboard
* nax'a = digging stick
* icháqilash = drinking cup
* moorilash = fire drill (a stick to start a fire, not an emergency preparation event)
* kut pochuyila = fireplace
* kulaawut = firewood
* iiqish = fish hook
* hunuuvat = fishing line
* wiirulash = flute
* $aanat = glue
* neexwut = gourd rattle
* malaal = grinding stone
* pikát = knife
* tengalish = medicine
* toopal = mortar
* eevish = needle, awl
* navyót = ochre
* wotilish = paddle, oar
* toopawut = pestle
* $aanut = pitch, tar
* peshlish = pot
* taavalkwash = quiver
* páveut = sacred pointed stone used on the tip of ceremonial staffs
* tamish = sacred stone bowl 
* washpish = seed beater
* apmal = small basket
* huu$i = smoke
* $e'lalash = spear
* iival = stirring stick
* sinaval = string of shells used as currency
* paa'ayat = rattle
* paa'isval = red paint
* toota = rock
* wiichut = rope, string
* kotlash = thatch, roof
* waakat = throwing strick
* piveesash = tobacco pipe
* orilash = trap, snare
* $uyvish = trash
* wixét = tule boat
* wixee'et = tule boat
* paayut = turtle rattle
* toovish = white paint
* naawa(i) = to write, record, paint, draw, or inscribe (with a direct object, transitive)

== References ==

* https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/3
* https://quizlet.com/503767900/an-introduction-to-the-luiseno-language-nouns-1-flash-cards/
* https://www.instagram.com/paumaimls/
* Luiseño Word Builder (incomplete)
* https://asimplenature.com/local-legends-myths/luiseno/
* https://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/in-our-languages-luiseno/
* A Partial Grammar of Simplex and Complex Sentences In Luiseño by Davis, John Frederick (use for question words and conjunctions)
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      <text bytes="24467" sha1="bhrh4vpz297saf290uwwok4csshp21e" xml:space="preserve">This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.

== Action Verbs ==
* qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place)
* noliy = to abandon (loved ones)
* matiy = to abolish (one object)
* wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects)
* ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain
* nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent
* huuhuki/ngináala(i) = to abuse
* miili/wukáli pominik = to accelerate, to make someone or something move faster
* hoha(i)/ku$ána(i) = to accept
* neshkinlu = to accept (someone as a relative)
* yulócha(i) = to accommodate
* hatíila = to accompany
* 'éesh ngee = to accompany with leave
* 'ayáalinik loví'i/tapi = to accomplish
* churó'a(i)/loví'a(i)/tapa(i) = to accomplish
* yulú'i = to accuse (intransitive)
* na'yawun = to accuse (transitive)
* 'a$ni = to give a bath to someone (transitive)
* 'aa$ = to bathe or for there to be a ring around the Sun or Moon
* puxi = to blow
* pithi = to break
* hilála(i) = to climb
* woki = to cut
* heeya(i) = to dig (with a direct object, transitive)
* hulúka(i) = to fall
* moyóoni = to feed
* neqpi = to fight
* wola = to grow
* xaari = to growl at
* heli = to hide
* kopa(i) = to hit
* yaaw = to hold
* 'ari = to kick
* moknu = to kill
* howa = to lie down
* heda(i) = to open or uncover
* paqa(i) = to pound, beat
* núuli = to push
* $okapa(i) = to scratch
* mu'án = to shoot
* tawa = to sit
* 'awóonganwinga ('ayá'yinga) teetila = to speak with an accent
* chuxi = to spit
* pava(i) = to split
* yona(i) = to squeeze
* pora(i) = to stab, pierce
* wiita = to stand
* 'uyootu = to steal
* hiipa(i) = to suck
* waaka(i) = to sweep
* havácha = to swell
* waaya = to swim
* hata(i) = to throw
* chaqálaqi = to tickle
* pona(i) = to tie or fasten
* moma(i) = to turn
* muváay = to wash the face
* chaayi = to winnow

== Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Pronouns, and Sentence Words ==

=== Adverbs ===
* pilék = absolutely
* 'eechi/pa'áq = above
* tuutuva = above all
* pominik = abundantly
* neshkin = accessible
* wehmali = a little
* yu'pan = again
* waam 'eechi = far above
* tuwíilangay = from above
* muyuk = much
* neshkin = near
* wehkun = twice/two times

=== Conjunctions ===

* pi' = and
* tee = if

=== Personal Pronouns ===

=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===

=== Sentence Words ===

* aaashisha = an untranslatable exclamation of joy or surprise
* miiyu = hello (to one person)
* miiyuyam = hello (to multiple people)
* suláaqaxam = welcome
* 'ohóo = yes
*qay = no, not, never
*tee = maybe

=== Question Words ===

== Abstract Concepts ==

=== Abstract Nouns ===
* huu'iwut = ability
* ma'nish = abstaining
* toowaxat = accent
* hax poyáqala = according to (functions as a noun)
* 'apiláchax = state of being accustomed to
* teela = language (same word as &quot;prayer&quot;)
* tungla = name
* humáhmash = something absurd
* muuyaat = something abundant
* 'aa'alvish = story (same word as &quot;book&quot;)
* teelamal = word

=== Abstract Verbs ===
* michá' 'axána = to be able to do
* 'o'na = to be able to tell
* 'aláxwi = to be bad
* 'ichi = to clear from obligation or get even (same word as &quot;to fish&quot;)
* 'ayáli = to know
* 'onáni = to know
* 'o'na = to know or be knowledgeable
* piláchi = to learn
* woy'a = to think

== Colors ==

=== Color Adjectives ===

* yuváttaat = black
* malómlush = blue
* toxótxush = brown
* yuváttaat = dark colored (added to modify other color words)
* qwayaqwyish = dark red or gold
* piwípwish = gray
* xwayáxwyish = gray or faded
* konóknish = green (same as the word for bruised)
* pixépxish = light blue or steel blue
* 'a$ó'$ush yuváttaat = orange
* 'av'aat = red
* qwayáqwyash = red
* 'avá'vash = pink
* ngaxlul = purple (same word for &quot;graphite&quot;)
* sisínnaval = silver
* qaasimal = violet
* xwayyaat = white
* 'a$ó'$ush = yellow

=== Color Verbs ===
Color verbs take on the meaning of &quot;to make or paint this color&quot; when transitive.

* yuváta(i) = to be black
* piwwa(i) = to be or turn gray, to be nervous before a speech, or to dust with flour
* 'av'a(i) = to blush or be red (without a direct object, intransitive)
* xwayya(i) = to brighten, turn white, or bleach (without a direct object, intransitive)

== Common Words ==

=== Common Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs ===
* loovi = to be accurate
* wehmal = a few, a little bit
* choo'un = all
* yawáywish = beautiful
* toongax = below
* yot = big
* navúnvush = blunt, dull
* konóknish = bruised
* neshkin = close, near
* 'iitaat = cold
* puráara = to be cold
* 'a$uun = correct, true (literally &quot;its heart;&quot; stress on the second syllable)
* axaxunat = delicious
* wimaat = difficult, hard
* kwila(i) = to be or make dirty
* waxa = dry
* waam = far
* $uwó$wush = frightening, scary, or dangerous
* 'ayáalinik = good
* polóov = good, nice
* wima(i) = to be heavy
* tavulvush (singular), taatalvish (plural) = long
* 'iipit = new
* 'anxa = old
* hethi = open
* 'awoo = other
* $owa(i) = to be sharp
* kapákpamal = short
* 'alú'mal = small
* tupútpush (singular), tupútpish (plural) = thick
* 'alú'mal = thin
* paamuwish = wet

=== Common Verbs ===
* samsa = to buy or sell (the sentence needs to designate &quot;from&quot; or &quot;to&quot; because this word is used for two verbal actions)
* mon = to come
* tápi = to finish
* noonomi = to follow
* 'oovi = to give
* naqma = to hear or listen
* máamayu = to help
* yí'yi = to play
* ya = to say
* toow = to see or watch
* kup = to sleep or take a nap
* hu$i = to smell
* téetila = to talk
* kwaavichu = to take care of
* aa'alvi = to tell history
* mon = to walk
* wukála = to walk
*'owó'a = to work
* 'uwó'u = to work

== Days and Seasons ==

=== Days of the Week ===
* Luunis = Monday
* Powéhlo = Tuesday
* Popáahaylo = Wednesday
* Powasá&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ilo = Thursday
* Pomháarilo = Friday
* Saavatha = Saturday
* Miisish = Sunday

=== Seasons ===
* qay pitóowili $uvóowut = fall
* ta$pa = spring
* tawpash = summer
* $uvóowut = winter

=== Units of Time ===
* pitóo = now, today
* 'exngay = tomorrow
* waxáam = yesterday

== Environment ==

=== Buildings and Constructed World ===
* 'oma = to be abroad or absent
* napilash = cemetery
* chuyi = to cremate
* taaxanash = grave
* kiicha = house
* naachaxanlash = restaurant
* pet = road, path
* piláchilash = school
* ha$lash = sweathouse
* pweevlo = town
* $uyvish = trash (same word as &quot;stinger&quot;)

=== Natural World ===
* $oomawish = abloom landscape
* woolaqat = abyss
* tuvíi' = to accumulate (of clouds)
* chuya(i) = to burn
* tuvíicha = cloud
* xwaayamal = dawn
* toowut = dust
* 'exla = earth, soil
* ngiinish = earthquake
* kut = fire
* ya' = to flow
* mesmal = fog
* ngaxlul = graphite (same word as &quot;purple&quot;)
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* paala = lake
* pokwóoyaqala = lake
* 'exla = land, ground, or soil
* $iwári = to flash of lightning
* qawíicha = mountain
* moomat = ocean, sea, large body of water, or beach
* pisát = outdoors or outside world
* 'axíllax = rain (noun)
* xila(i) = to rain
* 'a$óonax = rainbow
* kwiimawish = region abundant in acorns
* 'engla = salt
* 'exval = sand
* tuupash = sky
* kuumit = smoke
* toota = stone
* toomawut = thunder/thundercloud
* 'alóomax = wave (on the ocean)
* paala = water
* hungla = wind or air

=== Astronomy ===
* Yungauish = Altair
* Nukulish = Antares
* piwíish = Milky Way (same word as &quot;headband&quot;)
* moyla = Moon
* tukva = night or evening
* tuukumit = night
* tukmit = night sky
* Hulaish = Orion
* Chehaiyan = Pleiades
* Tukmishwut = Polaris
* Yungauish poma = right hand of Altair
* $u'la = star
* temét = Sun, day, time, or weather
* naanat = sunshine or warmth of the Sun
* aylucha = Venus

== Flora and Fauna ==

=== Animal Parts and Generic Animal Terms ===

* pe' = feather (inalienable)
* wiila = to fly
* qwq'pish = game animal
* $uyvish = stinger (same word as &quot;trash&quot;)
* kawít = wing

=== Aquatic Animals and Amphibians ===
* 'ayla = abalone
* 'anámat = fish
* kiyúul = fish
* waxáw'kila = frog
* chaláka = horned toad
* momngawish = marine, from the sea
* waaxal = mussel
* $awvish = olive snail
* qap$ut = pismo clam
* selwamal = rainbow trout
* qexla = red abalone
* paa'ila momngawish = sea turtle
* tukval = sea otter
* waxáawut = toad
* paa'ila = turtle
* 'oymal = Washington clam
* koyóowut = whale

=== Arthropods and Mollusks ===
* 'aanat = ant
* lamáqata = ant
* 'ánmal = ant (small and black variety that often enters houses)
* $isqila = beetle
* kuyxingish = black widow spider
* 'avélaka = butterfly, moth
* $iválaka = cabbage looper
* $akíshla = caterpillar
* chilíkmay = cricket
* kamaríwthi = dragonfly
* mokwáchish = flea
* ku'áal = fly
* wi'ét = grasshopper
* $akíshla = hairy caterpillar
* keekila = Jerusalem cricket (potato bug)
* 'ulát = louse
* lukú'chish = mosquito
* xuvóoviqat = moth
* 'aanat = red ant
* $uyla = scorpion
* muvíllaqa = snail
* kuyxingish = spider
* $isqila = stink bug
* 'amácha = tick
* $aa$angla = yellow jacket

=== Birds ===
* paam'ush = bald eagle
* mixéevawut = band-tailed pidgeon
* 'ehéngmay = bird
* 'ihéngmal = bird
* chachaláaka = blue grouse
* 'aláawaka = buzzard
* yungáavaywut = California condor
* wi'kasmal = California jay
* $oola = California woodpecker
* qaxaavaywut = chicken
* pal'vismal = cliff swallow
* $ayla = coot
* 'alwut = crow
* mixéel = dove, pigeon
* qaatqat = duck
* táavish = flicker bird
* 'a$wut = golden eagle
* muuta = great horned owl
* tishla = hummingbird
* tishmal = hummingbird
* pepnash = junco
* tamáawut = mockingbird
* qaxáawut = mountain quail
* chaa'ish = pinyon jay
* qaxáal = quail
* paaxingish = red-shouldered blackbird
* kwa'la = red-tailed hawk
* puypuy = roadrunner
* yunúqwut = ruddy duck
* kolókolokamay = sparrow hawk
* waxolóoti = turkey
* yungáavish = turkey vulture
* qaxáal = valley quail
* 'aláawaka = vulture
* la'la = Western Canada goose
* atáal = white pelican
* $oola = woodpecker

=== Mammals ===
* tonla = antelope
* huunal = badger
* taválalakmal = bat
* tavállalakmay = bat
* hunwut = bear
* paa'at = bighorn sheep
* $u'ish = black-tail jackrabbit
* tuukut = bobcat/lynx
* toovit = brush rabbit
* tuukut kingawish = cat
* gaato/gatu = cat (synonym borrowed from Spanish)
* wiskun = chipmunk
* too$axit = cottontail rabbit
* 'anó' = coyote
* $uukat = deer
* 'awáal = dog
* 'iswut = dingo or wolf
* paa$ukat = elk/horse
* qewéewish = fox
* yuula = fur
* qeengish = gray ground squirrel
* $ukáawut = gray tree squirrel
* hunwut = grizzly bear
* muu$ikat = goat (same as the word for bearded person)
* moota = gopher
* kaváayu = horse
* 'ixí'wumal = lamb
* tukwut = mountain lion/cougar
* tapáshmal = mouse
* 'ashla = pet, domesticated animal, or livestock
* 'inú'nish = pig
* moota = pocket gopher
* pa'yamal = racoon
* 'ixí'wut = sheep
* paalukut = skunk
* tukyaspal = spotted skunk
* qeengish = squirrel
* $ukáawut = tree squirrel or flying squirrel
* tuukut = wildcat
* qawla = wood rat

=== Plant Parts ===

* $oo' = flower (inalienable)
* pavlash = leaf
* towla = root
* choochavish = thistle
* kulaawut = wood

=== Reptiles ===
* $ithí' = bull snake, gopher snake
* qiqéngla = king snake
* qa$ílla = lizard
* qa$íla = scaly lizard
* 'avétkala = small brown lizard
* piiqwala = snake
* $oowut = rattlesnake

=== Small Plants and Fungi ===

* pikwla = blackberry
* kanvut = black sage
* patumkut = blue eyed grass
* sikimona = branching phaciela
* puchaklala = Brewer's redmaids
* kaukat = bush mallow
* pankla = bush sunflower
* hulakul = California buckwheat
* wuláqla = California buckwheat
* ashla = California golden violet
* 'atóo$anat = California poppy
* hulvul = California sagebrush
* 'u'utt = chamise
* paa$al = chia
* kutápish = corn
* náqtumush = datura, jimsonweed
* makiyal = desert dandelion
* wiicha = dogbane
* takovschich = Douglas' nightshade
* kuuta = elderberry
* panáa'al = foothills yucca
* puchakla = fringed redmaids
* chachwomal = gilia
* wu$óochish = gooseberry
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* shakishla = hoary nettle
* pavivut = Indian tobacco
* mawut = lupine
* paatamkat = milkweed
* tokmat = milkweed
* towish popa'kwa = miner's lettuce
* $aqáapish = oyster mushroom
* 'iyáala = poison oak
* ataushanut = poppy
* $ooval = skunkbush
* qeenat = soaproot
* $oyla = southwestern spiny rush
* $akíshla = stinging nettle
* ko$aat = sugarcane
* sawvel = sumac
* palit = thistle sage
* solisal = tidy tips
* piivat = tobacco
* paalaxwish = toxic mushroom
* aatchawut = toyon
* pivée$ash = tule
* $aaxish = wheat
* kawá'wal = white chaparral currant
* quaashil = white sage
* 'enwish = wild cucumber
* tokapish = wild hyacinth
* nanukuish = wild four o'clock
* makwit = wild grapevine
* 'urúush = wild oats or wild rice
* 'ushla = wild rose
* paa'akal = wild sunflower
* paukla = wild sunflower
* chevnish = yerba mansa
* palwut = yerba santa
* panáa'al = yucca whipplei

=== Trees ===
* sashet = Arroyo willow
* kwiila = black oak
* wiat = canyon oak
* wi'áa$al = coast live oak
* avahut = cottonwood
* 'aváaxat = cottonwood
* wixétut = digger pine
* tovashal = Engleman oak
* ahanish = holly leaf cherry
* tovat = incense cedar
* waa'at = juniper
* koolul = manzanita
* hunúuvat = Mojave yucca
* tuvát = pinyon pine
* l'mushla = scrub oak
* yoela = singleleaf pinyon
* kuláawut = tree
* kwiila = valley oak
* 'u'úumal = white fir
* chaamish = wild cherry
* $axát = willow

== Food and Drink ==
* kwiila = acorn
** xeexat = acorn (as food)
** $aawokish = acorn bread
** puutash = acorn cap
** pa$kash/pa$kush = acorn dough
** maaxish = acorn flour
** wasáaya = acorn flour cooked into a ball
** siwvol = acorn hull
** wiiwish = acorn porridge
** paamumal po$íchi = acorn porridge (vulgar term literally meaning &quot;seagull spew&quot;)
** maaxpish = acorns ready for pounding into flour
** mawpish = acorn on a tree
** $ii'awish = acorn without shell
** kuuya(i) = to beat down acorns
** wiw = to cook acorn mush
** pe' = to eat acorn mush
** toomo = first acorns of the season
* paa'kilash = alcohol
* ko'i = to bite
* ko$$aat = candy or cookie
* meecha(i) = to chew
* lo'xa = to cook
* qwa$o'i = to cook or make ripen
* ko'cha(i) = to cook or barbecue
* 'engmawish = cracker (saltine)
* paa'i = to drink
* kwa' = to eat
* naachaxan = to eat dinner (or less commonly several other meals)
* naachaxanlo = to eat lunch
* paanil = egg
* wi' = fat, grease (inalienable)
* 'ichi = to fish (same word as &quot;clear from obligation or get even&quot;)
* naachaxanish = food or meal
* pushla = fruit
* paaw = to get water
* $a$angla po'aw = honey
* 'aamo = to hunt
* waa'ish = meat
* pooyish = pinole
* meewa(i) = to roast vegetables
* pisá'a = to rot
* engla = salt
* 'engmawish = salty
* ko$aat = sugar
* paala = water

== Locations ==
* Awa' = Aguanga
* Taakwi = Cahuilla Mountain
* Kachikchi = Cuyamaca Mountain
* Paisvi = Iron Spring
* Pavala = Kuka and Portreo encampment during acorn season
* Yangi’wana = Mesa Grande
* Katukto = Morrow hill near Fallbrook
* Pala = Pala
* Shoau = Pala encampment during acorn gathering season
* Paauw = Palomar Mountain
** Wikyo = Highest Peak on Palomar Mountain
** Chakúuli = gathering place of La Jolla people on Palomar Mountain
* Wavam = Pauma encampment on mountain during acorn gathering season
* Tawish Poshapilia= rocky peak east of Wikyo
* Woshha = Rincon
** Ahuya = Old village above Rincon on Road to Potrero
* Pewipwi = San Bernardino Mountain
* Yamiwa = San Jacinto Mountain
* Topamai = Village at Santa Margarita Ranch near ranch house
* I’pax = Highest Peak on Volcan Mountain
* Shautushma = Yapicha encampment during acorn season

== Modern Objects and Concepts ==

=== Bathroom ===
* 'a$lash = bathtub, shower, or bathroom with one of these two fixtures
* muváaylash = sink, washbasin, or bathroom with sink (but not a toilet or bathtub)
* pisáangalash = toilet

=== Bedroom, Living Room, and Office ===
* kuplash = bed
* kupú'ilash = bedroom
* taanat = blanket
* 'áa'alvish = book/story
* táwwilash = chair
* kut = lamp
* yukkavish = pillow
* nooli = to read
* laméesa = table
* waam tiiwilash = television

=== Currency ===
* purú'a(i) = to accumulate (money)
* sinnaval chooraat = coin
* sisínnaval = money (same word as &quot;money&quot; and &quot;silver&quot;)
* sinnaval = money or cash

=== Kitchen ===
* pakápkish = fork
* naachaxanish lo'xalash = kitchen
* wokkilash = knife
* 'iitaat = refridgerator
* ko'chilash = stove or oven
* peshlish = plate or bowl
* 'iival = spoon

=== Machines ===
* toomawumal = battery
* qa$lapish = clapper
* toomawutal = electric/electronic

=== Stationery ===
* naawilash = pen, marker, or keyboard
* piwípwilash = pencil

=== Substances ===
* chiivut/ko$ólaxat = acid
* chiivní'i = to acidify
* sisínnaval qwayáqwyish = copper or gold
* sisínnaval = metal or silver (same word as &quot;money&quot;)

=== Transport ===
* kwaatilash = school bus

=== Tools ===
* waakilash = broom or brush
* heyyilash = shovel

=== Weapons ===
* patkilash = gun

== Numbers ==
* qay haaya = to abound
* woy'a(i) = to count
* supúl = one (but can also be used as an optional indefinite article with the meaning of a/an)
* weh = two
* paahey = three
* wasá' = four
* maháar = five
* paváahay = six
* kavíkvish = seven
* $iwlash = eight
* nomaawasá' = nine
* tappaat = ten

== People and Bodies ==

=== Bodily Functions ===
* qay pitóowili choxaqati mokna = to abort a child
* hakwís = to breathe
* pi'muk = to die or be dead
* puti' = to dream about
* 'aaw = to live or be alive
* kup = to sleep
* xula = to sweat
* haaqwi = to yawn
* haka = to yawn

=== Bodily Substances ===

* 'owla = blood
* $aa'ish = feces

=== Body Parts ===

* 'iyé'iyish = ankle
* maa = arm, hand
* qwalma = armpit
* maachat = back
* qli = back of the neck (inalienable)
* muu$il = beard
* tee'la = belly
* taaxaw = body (inalienable)
* kulaawut = bone
* pit = breast
* 'aal = chest (inalienable)
* 'ooyi = chin (inalienable)
* toowish = corpse
* naq = ear (inalienable)
* naqla = ear
* pushla = eye
* push = face, eye (inalienable) 
* $ulát = fingernail or claw
* 'et = foot (inalienable)
* qwi = forehead (inalienable)
* piwíila = gray hair
* yu'/yuula = hair, head
* mat = hand
* no$úun = heart
* chíi'a = hip (inalienable)
* $ii = intestines
* 'echvash = left hand
* 'e' = leg, foot (inalienable)
* nooma = liver
* savásvash = lung
* tamát = mouth
* tma = mouth, teeth
* qalát = nape
* qelát = neck
* muuvi = nose (inalienable)
* muuvil = nose or nasal passages
* pli = right hand (inalienable)
* yuutush = scalp or wig
* $ooka = shoulder
* taavash = skin
* tee' = stomach (inalienable)
* qasíivish = tail
* xaara = throat (inalienable)
* xaarash = throat
* weeya/weeyi = tongue (inalienable)
* tamát = tooth

=== Diseases and Injuries ===
* muukil 'iyáxwimawish = abscess or purulent wound
* xeva = to have acne
* hulúka = to have an accident
* to'mivini = to hurt someone by accident
* muukil = boil or pimple
* naq taaxa = to have an earache
* kuma(i) = to have an earache or headache
* tiwa(i)/ya$á$a(i) = to hurt, ache
* $uyi = to itch
* taaxa(i) = to have a sideache
* $uypish = sting or bugbite
* koona(i)/poróvora (intransitive)/$angáwi (transitive)/tee' tiwa (intransitive) = to have a stomachache
* tamát tiwish = toothache
* tmay ku'áal qwa' = to have a toothache (literally &quot;to eat a maggot&quot;)
* muyi = to vomit

=== Emotional States ===
* putii'ish = dream
* naala = fear

=== Emotional Verbs ===
* $ala = to abhore, hate
* $owóo' = to be afraid
* $ala = to be unable to stand
* ngaa = to cry
* $uwóo' = to fear or be afraid of
* $ukka(i) = to be frightened or startled (intransitive) or to frighten or startle a person (transitive)
* tooya = to laugh
* hamooya = to be shy

=== Family Members ===
* keeka = aunt
* yuku = cousin (inalienable)
* $waamay = daughter (inalienable)
* kiiyam = family (inalienable)
* na' = father (inalienable)
* kwa' = maternal grandfather (inalienable)
* tu' = maternal grandmother (inalienable)
* yo' = mother (inalienable)
* 'alimay = nephew or niece (inalienable)
* paa'a$ = older brother (inalienable)
* qee'es = older sister (inalienable)
* ka' = paternal grandparent (inalienable)
* kaamay = son (inalienable)
* nukmu = uncle
* $ungaaki = wife
* peet = younger brother (inalienable)
* piit = younger sister (inalienable)

=== Types of People ===
* 'ahíichu = abandoned person
* qamí'i-nóotuy = to abdicate
* 'uví'vish = absentminded person
* kihúutsamal = baby
* muu$ikat = bearded person (same as the word for goat)
* hengéemal = boy
* noot = chief, leader
* kihaat = child
* 'ashkat = cowboy or rancher
* tengalkat = doctor
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* nawítmal = girl
* hamú'wish = indigenous person
* hamúulawish = indigenous person
* ya'ásh = man
* 'ahíichu = orphan
* 'atáax = person
* to$ngukat = police officer, commander, director, or principal
* momngawish = sailor (same word as &quot;marine&quot; (adj))
* puula = shaman
* heelikat = singer
* neqpikat = soldier
* huu'unikat = teacher
* $ungáal = woman

== Suffixes ==

* -oto = according to (functions as a suffix added to nouns)
* -mal = little/dear (diminutive)
* -kat = one who has or does
* -ma = should have, would have, or every day
* -kun = times/instances
* -lash = tool or instrument used to perform the function

== Religion and Spirituality ==
* 'ina(i) = to absolve (a sin)
* tolmul = afterlife
* yuungawish = deity or powerful spirit
* teela = prayer (same word as &quot;language&quot;)
* toowish = spirit or ghost of deceased person

== Traditional Objects and Concepts ==

=== Abstract Culture ===

* qapúta = to abbreviate
* pelaxish = to dance
* pélla = to dance
* pumi = to initiate a boy into manhood
* wiqeni  = to initiate a girl into womanhood
* tungla = name or title
* héela = to sing
* heelaxish = song
* teelat = spoken word or language

=== Clothing and Jewelry ===

* yumpish = basketry hat
* miyxanish = clothing
* paaxwichat = earring
* cheeyat = feather headband
* yumpish = hat
* piwíish = headband (same word for &quot;Milky Way&quot;)
* tóonav = to make baskets
* qenxat = necklace
* wiiru = to play a flute
* wachxat = shoes
* olval = skirt

=== Objects ===
* $avárvash = abrasive (noun)
* chuunga(i) = to absorb
* chuungkawut = absorbent (noun)
* huula = arrow
* yoowlash = arrow straightener
* teelingish = ash
* kunla = bag, sack
* ichilash kaarawut = bait
* waw'kish = ball game
* tukmal = basket
* moochaynit = basket for storing acorns
* pavyut = bead
* ngaw'lash = bed, mat for sleeping
* taanat = blanket, buckskin, or rug
* kutapish = bow
* nemeexát = bow (sinew-backed)
* wiwlash = bowl for acorn mush
* pawxit = canoe
* iikat = carrying net
* wotilash = club (tool)
* qeepish = cradleboard
* nax'a = digging stick
* icháqilash = drinking cup
* moorilash = fire drill (a stick to start a fire, not an emergency preparation event)
* kut pochuyila = fireplace
* kulaawut = firewood
* iiqish = fish hook
* hunuuvat = fishing line
* wiirulash = flute
* $aanat = glue
* neexwut = gourd rattle
* malaal = grinding stone
* pikát = knife
* tengalish = medicine
* toopal = mortar
* eevish = needle, awl
* navyót = ochre
* wotilish = paddle, oar
* toopawut = pestle
* $aanut = pitch, tar
* peshlish = pot
* taavalkwash = quiver
* páveut = sacred pointed stone used on the tip of ceremonial staffs
* tamish = sacred stone bowl 
* washpish = seed beater
* apmal = small basket
* huu$i = smoke
* $e'lalash = spear
* iival = stirring stick
* sinaval = string of shells used as currency
* paa'ayat = rattle
* paa'isval = red paint
* toota = rock
* wiichut = rope, string
* kotlash = thatch, roof
* waakat = throwing strick
* piveesash = tobacco pipe
* orilash = trap, snare
* $uyvish = trash
* wixét = tule boat
* wixee'et = tule boat
* paayut = turtle rattle
* toovish = white paint
* naawa(i) = to write, record, paint, draw, or inscribe (with a direct object, transitive)

== References ==

* https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/3
* https://quizlet.com/503767900/an-introduction-to-the-luiseno-language-nouns-1-flash-cards/
* https://www.instagram.com/paumaimls/
* Luiseño Word Builder (incomplete)
* https://asimplenature.com/local-legends-myths/luiseno/
* https://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/in-our-languages-luiseno/
* A Partial Grammar of Simplex and Complex Sentences In Luiseño by Davis, John Frederick (use for question words and conjunctions)
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      <text bytes="25473" sha1="c88wxnz1gtp34j5m7k3rd3pgc4eap0c" xml:space="preserve">This is a dictionary of the Chamteela language organized into different categories. Verbs with an (i) added to their ending indicates that they are intransitive by default, but can transform into transitive verbs by replacing the final -a with -i.

== Action Verbs ==
* qamí'a(i) = to abandon (a place)
* noliy = to abandon (loved ones)
* matiy = to abolish (one object)
* wichiy = to abolish (multiple objects)
* ma'ni/ngiina = to abstain
* nginá'ni-taax = to be abstinent
* huuhuki/ngináala(i) = to abuse
* miili/wukáli pominik = to accelerate, to make someone or something move faster
* hoha(i)/ku$ána(i) = to accept
* neshkinlu = to accept (someone as a relative)
* yulócha(i) = to accommodate
* hatíila = to accompany
* 'éesh ngee = to accompany with leave
* 'ayáalinik loví'i/tapi = to accomplish
* churó'a(i)/loví'a(i)/tapa(i) = to accomplish
* yulú'i = to accuse (intransitive)
* na'yawun = to accuse (transitive)
* 'a$ni = to give a bath to someone (transitive)
* 'aa$ = to bathe or for there to be a ring around the Sun or Moon
* puxi = to blow
* pithi = to break
* hilála(i) = to climb
* woki = to cut
* heeya(i) = to dig (with a direct object, transitive)
* hulúka(i) = to fall
* moyóoni = to feed
* neqpi = to fight
* wola = to grow
* xaari = to growl at
* heli = to hide
* kopa(i) = to hit
* yaaw = to hold
* 'ari = to kick
* moknu = to kill
* howa = to lie down
* heda(i) = to open or uncover
* paqa(i) = to pound, beat
* núuli = to push
* $okapa(i) = to scratch
* mu'án = to shoot
* tawa = to sit
* 'awóonganwinga ('ayá'yinga) teetila = to speak with an accent
* chuxi = to spit
* pava(i) = to split
* yona(i) = to squeeze
* pora(i) = to stab, pierce
* wiita = to stand
* 'uyootu = to steal
* hiipa(i) = to suck
* waaka(i) = to sweep
* havácha = to swell
* waaya = to swim
* hata(i) = to throw
* chaqálaqi = to tickle
* pona(i) = to tie or fasten
* moma(i) = to turn
* muváay = to wash the face
* chaayi = to winnow

== Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Pronouns, and Sentence Words ==

=== Adverbs ===
* pilék = absolutely
* 'eechi/pa'áq = above
* tuutuva = above all
* pominik = abundantly
* neshkin = accessible
* wehmali = a little
* yu'pan = again
* waam 'eechi = far above
* tuwíilangay = from above
* muyuk = much
* neshkin = near
* wehkun = twice/two times

=== Conjunctions ===

* pi' = and
* tee = if

=== Personal Pronouns ===

=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===

=== Sentence Words ===

* aaashisha = an untranslatable exclamation of joy or surprise
* miiyu = hello (to one person)
* miiyuyam = hello (to multiple people)
* suláaqaxam = welcome
* 'ohóo = yes
*qay = no, not, never
*tee = maybe

=== Question Words ===

== Abstract Concepts ==

=== Abstract Nouns ===
* huu'iwut = ability
* ma'nish = abstaining
* toowaxat = accent
* hax poyáqala = according to (functions as a noun)
* 'apiláchax = state of being accustomed to
* teela = language (same word as &quot;prayer&quot;)
* tungla = name
* humáhmash = something absurd
* muuyaat = something abundant
* 'aa'alvish = story (same word as &quot;book&quot;)
* teelamal = word

=== Abstract Verbs ===
* michá' 'axána = to be able to do
* 'o'na = to be able to tell
* 'aláxwi = to be bad
* 'ichi = to clear from obligation or get even (same word as &quot;to fish&quot;)
* 'ayáli = to know
* 'onáni = to know
* 'o'na = to know or be knowledgeable
* piláchi = to learn
* woy'a = to think

== Colors ==

=== Color Adjectives ===

* yuváttaat = black
* malómlush = blue
* toxótxush = brown
* yuváttaat = dark colored (added to modify other color words)
* qwayaqwyish = dark red or gold
* piwípwish = gray
* xwayáxwyish = gray or faded
* konóknish = green (same as the word for bruised)
* pixépxish = light blue or steel blue
* 'a$ó'$ush yuváttaat = orange
* 'av'aat = red
* qwayáqwyash = red
* 'avá'vash = pink
* ngaxlul = purple (same word for &quot;graphite&quot;)
* sisínnaval = silver
* qaasimal = violet
* xwayyaat = white
* 'a$ó'$ush = yellow

=== Color Verbs ===
Color verbs take on the meaning of &quot;to make or paint this color&quot; when transitive.

* yuváta(i) = to be black
* piwwa(i) = to be or turn gray, to be nervous before a speech, or to dust with flour
* 'av'a(i) = to blush or be red (without a direct object, intransitive)
* xwayya(i) = to brighten, turn white, or bleach (without a direct object, intransitive)

== Common Words ==

=== Common Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs ===
* loovi = to be accurate
* wehmal = a few, a little bit
* choo'un = all
* yawáywish = beautiful
* toongax = below
* yot = big
* navúnvush = blunt, dull
* konóknish = bruised
* neshkin = close, near
* 'iitaat = cold
* puráara = to be cold
* 'a$uun = correct, true (literally &quot;its heart;&quot; stress on the second syllable)
* axaxunat = delicious
* wimaat = difficult, hard
* kwila(i) = to be or make dirty
* waxa = dry
* waam = far
* $uwó$wush = frightening, scary, or dangerous
* 'ayáalinik = good
* polóov = good, nice
* wima(i) = to be heavy
* tavulvush (singular), taatalvish (plural) = long
* 'iipit = new
* 'anxa = old
* hethi = open
* 'awoo = other
* $owa(i) = to be sharp
* kapákpamal = short
* 'alú'mal = small
* tupútpush (singular), tupútpish (plural) = thick
* 'alú'mal = thin
* paamuwish = wet

=== Common Verbs ===
* samsa = to buy or sell (the sentence needs to designate &quot;from&quot; or &quot;to&quot; because this word is used for two verbal actions)
* mon = to come
* tápi = to finish
* noonomi = to follow
* 'oovi = to give
* naqma = to hear or listen
* máamayu = to help
* yí'yi = to play
* ya = to say
* toow = to see or watch
* kup = to sleep or take a nap
* hu$i = to smell
* téetila = to talk
* kwaavichu = to take care of
* aa'alvi = to tell history
* mon = to walk
* wukála = to walk
*'owó'a = to work
* 'uwó'u = to work

== Days and Seasons ==

=== Days of the Week ===
* Luunis = Monday
* Powéhlo = Tuesday
* Popáahaylo = Wednesday
* Powasá&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ilo = Thursday
* Pomháarilo = Friday
* Saavatha = Saturday
* Miisish = Sunday

=== Seasons ===
* qay pitóowili $uvóowut = fall
* ta$pa = spring
* tawpash = summer
* $uvóowut = winter

=== Units of Time ===
* pitóo = now, today
* 'exngay = tomorrow
* waxáam = yesterday

== Environment ==

=== Buildings and Constructed World ===
* 'oma = to be abroad or absent
* napilash = cemetery
* chuyi = to cremate
* taaxanash = grave
* kiicha = house
* naachaxanlash = restaurant
* pet = road, path
* piláchilash = school
* ha$lash = sweathouse
* pweevlo = town
* $uyvish = trash (same word as &quot;stinger&quot;)

=== Natural World ===
* $oomawish = abloom landscape
* woolaqat = abyss
* tuvíi' = to accumulate (of clouds)
* chuya(i) = to burn
* tuvíicha = cloud
* xwaayamal = dawn
* toowut = dust
* 'exla = earth, soil
* ngiinish = earthquake
* kut = fire
* ya' = to flow
* mesmal = fog
* ngaxlul = graphite (same word as &quot;purple&quot;)
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* paala = lake
* pokwóoyaqala = lake
* 'exla = land, ground, or soil
* $iwári = to flash of lightning
* qawíicha = mountain
* moomat = ocean, sea, large body of water, or beach
* pisát = outdoors or outside world
* 'axíllax = rain (noun)
* xila(i) = to rain
* 'a$óonax = rainbow
* kwiimawish = region abundant in acorns
* 'engla = salt
* 'exval = sand
* tuupash = sky
* kuumit = smoke
* toota = stone
* toomawut = thunder/thundercloud
* 'alóomax = wave (on the ocean)
* paala = water
* hungla = wind or air

=== Astronomy ===
* Yungauish = Altair
* Nukulish = Antares
* piwíish = Milky Way (same word as &quot;headband&quot;)
* moyla = Moon
* tukva = night or evening
* tuukumit = night
* tukmit = night sky
* Hulaish = Orion
* Chehaiyan = Pleiades
* Tukmishwut = Polaris
* Yungauish poma = right hand of Altair
* $u'la = star
* temét = Sun, day, time, or weather
* naanat = sunshine or warmth of the Sun
* aylucha = Venus

== Flora and Fauna ==

=== Animal Parts and Generic Animal Terms ===

* pe' = feather (inalienable)
* wiila = to fly
* qwq'pish = game animal
* $uyvish = stinger (same word as &quot;trash&quot;)
* kawít = wing

=== Aquatic Animals and Amphibians ===
* 'ayla = abalone
* 'anámat = fish
* kiyúul = fish
* waxáw'kila = frog
* chaláka = horned toad
* momngawish = marine, from the sea
* waaxal = mussel
* $awvish = olive snail
* qap$ut = pismo clam
* selwamal = rainbow trout
* qexla = red abalone
* paa'ila momngawish = sea turtle
* tukval = sea otter
* waxáawut = toad
* paa'ila = turtle
* 'oymal = Washington clam
* koyóowut = whale

=== Arthropods and Mollusks ===
* 'aanat = ant
* lamáqata = ant
* 'ánmal = ant (small and black variety that often enters houses)
* $isqila = beetle
* kuyxingish = black widow spider
* 'avélaka = butterfly, moth
* $iválaka = cabbage looper
* $akíshla = caterpillar
* chilíkmay = cricket
* kamaríwthi = dragonfly
* mokwáchish = flea
* ku'áal = fly
* wi'ét = grasshopper
* $akíshla = hairy caterpillar
* keekila = Jerusalem cricket (potato bug)
* 'ulát = louse
* lukú'chish = mosquito
* xuvóoviqat = moth
* 'aanat = red ant
* $uyla = scorpion
* muvíllaqa = snail
* kuyxingish = spider
* $isqila = stink bug
* 'amácha = tick
* $aa$angla = yellow jacket

=== Birds ===
* paam'ush = bald eagle
* mixéevawut = band-tailed pidgeon
* 'ehéngmay = bird
* 'ihéngmal = bird
* chachaláaka = blue grouse
* 'aláawaka = buzzard
* yungáavaywut = California condor
* wi'kasmal = California jay
* $oola = California woodpecker
* qaxaavaywut = chicken
* pal'vismal = cliff swallow
* $ayla = coot
* 'alwut = crow
* mixéel = dove, pigeon
* qaatqat = duck
* táavish = flicker bird
* 'a$wut = golden eagle
* muuta = great horned owl
* tishla = hummingbird
* tishmal = hummingbird
* pepnash = junco
* tamáawut = mockingbird
* qaxáawut = mountain quail
* chaa'ish = pinyon jay
* qaxáal = quail
* paaxingish = red-shouldered blackbird
* kwa'la = red-tailed hawk
* puypuy = roadrunner
* yunúqwut = ruddy duck
* kolókolokamay = sparrow hawk
* waxolóoti = turkey
* yungáavish = turkey vulture
* qaxáal = valley quail
* 'aláawaka = vulture
* la'la = Western Canada goose
* atáal = white pelican
* $oola = woodpecker

=== Mammals ===
* tonla = antelope
* huunal = badger
* taválalakmal = bat
* tavállalakmay = bat
* hunwut = bear
* paa'at = bighorn sheep
* $u'ish = black-tail jackrabbit
* tuukut = bobcat/lynx
* toovit = brush rabbit
* tuukut kingawish = cat
* gaato/gatu = cat (synonym borrowed from Spanish)
* wiskun = chipmunk
* too$axit = cottontail rabbit
* 'anó' = coyote
* $uukat = deer
* 'awáal = dog
* 'iswut = dingo or wolf
* paa$ukat = elk/horse
* qewéewish = fox
* yuula = fur
* qeengish = gray ground squirrel
* $ukáawut = gray tree squirrel
* hunwut = grizzly bear
* muu$ikat = goat (same as the word for bearded person)
* moota = gopher
* kaváayu = horse
* 'ixí'wumal = lamb
* tukwut = mountain lion/cougar
* tapáshmal = mouse
* 'ashla = pet, domesticated animal, or livestock
* 'inú'nish = pig
* moota = pocket gopher
* pa'yamal = racoon
* 'ixí'wut = sheep
* paalukut = skunk
* tukyaspal = spotted skunk
* qeengish = squirrel
* $ukáawut = tree squirrel or flying squirrel
* tuukut = wildcat
* qawla = wood rat

=== Plant Parts ===

* $oo' = flower (inalienable)
* pavlash = leaf
* towla = root
* choochavish = thistle
* kulaawut = wood

=== Reptiles ===
* $ithí' = bull snake, gopher snake
* qiqéngla = king snake
* qa$ílla = lizard
* qa$íla = scaly lizard
* 'avétkala = small brown lizard
* piiqwala = snake
* $oowut = rattlesnake

=== Small Plants and Fungi ===

* pikwla = blackberry
* kanvut = black sage
* patumkut = blue eyed grass
* sikimona = branching phaciela
* puchaklala = Brewer's redmaids
* kaukat = bush mallow
* pankla = bush sunflower
* hulakul = California buckwheat
* wuláqla = California buckwheat
* ashla = California golden violet
* 'atóo$anat = California poppy
* hulvul = California sagebrush
* 'u'utt = chamise
* paa$al = chia
* kutápish = corn
* náqtumush = datura, jimsonweed
* makiyal = desert dandelion
* wiicha = dogbane
* takovschich = Douglas' nightshade
* kuuta = elderberry
* panáa'al = foothills yucca
* puchakla = fringed redmaids
* chachwomal = gilia
* wu$óochish = gooseberry
* $aamut = grass, weeds, or hay
* shakishla = hoary nettle
* pavivut = Indian tobacco
* mawut = lupine
* paatamkat = milkweed
* tokmat = milkweed
* towish popa'kwa = miner's lettuce
* $aqáapish = oyster mushroom
* 'iyáala = poison oak
* ataushanut = poppy
* $ooval = skunkbush
* qeenat = soaproot
* $oyla = southwestern spiny rush
* $akíshla = stinging nettle
* ko$aat = sugarcane
* sawvel = sumac
* palit = thistle sage
* solisal = tidy tips
* piivat = tobacco
* paalaxwish = toxic mushroom
* aatchawut = toyon
* pivée$ash = tule
* $aaxish = wheat
* kawá'wal = white chaparral currant
* quaashil = white sage
* 'enwish = wild cucumber
* tokapish = wild hyacinth
* nanukuish = wild four o'clock
* makwit = wild grapevine
* 'urúush = wild oats or wild rice
* 'ushla = wild rose
* paa'akal = wild sunflower
* paukla = wild sunflower
* chevnish = yerba mansa
* palwut = yerba santa
* panáa'al = yucca whipplei

=== Trees ===
* sashet = Arroyo willow
* kwiila = black oak
* wiat = canyon oak
* wi'áa$al = coast live oak
* avahut = cottonwood
* 'aváaxat = cottonwood
* wixétut = digger pine
* tovashal = Engleman oak
* ahanish = holly leaf cherry
* tovat = incense cedar
* waa'at = juniper
* koolul = manzanita
* hunúuvat = Mojave yucca
* tuvát = pinyon pine
* l'mushla = scrub oak
* yoela = singleleaf pinyon
* kuláawut = tree
* kwiila = valley oak
* 'u'úumal = white fir
* chaamish = wild cherry
* $axát = willow

== Food and Drink ==
* kwiila = acorn
** xeexat = acorn (as food)
** $aawokish = acorn bread
** puutash = acorn cap
** pa$kash/pa$kush = acorn dough
** maaxish = acorn flour
** wasáaya = acorn flour cooked into a ball
** siwvol = acorn hull
** wiiwish = acorn porridge
*** wiwxalash = old acorn porridge
*** paamumal po$íchi = vulgar term for acorn porridge literally meaning &quot;seagull spew&quot;
** maaxpish = acorns ready for pounding into flour
** mawpish = acorn on a tree
** $ii'awish = acorn without shell
** moochaynit = basket for storing acorns
** kuuya(i) = to beat down acorns
** wiwlash = bowl for acorn porridge
** wiw = to cook acorn porridge
** pe' = to eat acorn porridge
** xeexat = gathered acorns
** 'okwóp$a = to gather acorns
** toomo = first acorns of the season
** tamúuchish = hard part of acorns
** maawa(i)/wata(i) = to knock off acorns
** pa$ka = to leach acorns
** paqilish = mortar for acorns
** paqlash = pestle for acorns
** $iwáqa(i) = to pick acorns from cracked shells
** huukap$i = to pick acorns from tree bark
** maavakash = piece of wood used to dry acorns
** suypish = point of an acorn
** mawlaxpish = pole for knocking down acorns
** moyi = to put acorns into holes
** kaawish = sack used to carry acorns
** siwvol = shelled acorn
** tovxani = to spoil (of acorns)
** wiwmawish = something filled with acorn porridge
** kwiimawish = something filled with acorns
** maa'avish = tool for hulling acorns
* paa'kilash = alcohol
* ko'i = to bite
* ko$$aat = candy or cookie
* meecha(i) = to chew
* lo'xa = to cook
* qwa$o'i = to cook or make ripen
* ko'cha(i) = to cook or barbecue
* 'engmawish = cracker (saltine)
* paa'i = to drink
* kwa' = to eat
* naachaxan = to eat dinner (or less commonly several other meals)
* naachaxanlo = to eat lunch
* paanil = egg
* wi' = fat, grease (inalienable)
* 'ichi = to fish (same word as &quot;clear from obligation or get even&quot;)
* naachaxanish = food or meal
* pushla = fruit
* paaw = to get water
* $a$angla po'aw = honey
* 'aamo = to hunt
* waa'ish = meat
* pooyish = pinole
* meewa(i) = to roast vegetables
* pisá'a = to rot
* engla = salt
* 'engmawish = salty
* ko$aat = sugar
* paala = water

== Locations ==
* Awa' = Aguanga
* Taakwi = Cahuilla Mountain
* Kachikchi = Cuyamaca Mountain
* Paisvi = Iron Spring
* Pavala = Kuka and Portreo encampment during acorn season
* Yangi’wana = Mesa Grande
* Katukto = Morrow hill near Fallbrook
* Pala = Pala
* Shoau = Pala encampment during acorn gathering season
* Paauw = Palomar Mountain
** Wikyo = Highest Peak on Palomar Mountain
** Chakúuli = gathering place of La Jolla people on Palomar Mountain
* Wavam = Pauma encampment on mountain during acorn gathering season
* Tawish Poshapilia= rocky peak east of Wikyo
* Woshha = Rincon
** Ahuya = Old village above Rincon on Road to Potrero
* Pewipwi = San Bernardino Mountain
* Yamiwa = San Jacinto Mountain
* Topamai = Village at Santa Margarita Ranch near ranch house
* I’pax = Highest Peak on Volcan Mountain
* Shautushma = Yapicha encampment during acorn season

== Modern Objects and Concepts ==

=== Bathroom ===
* 'a$lash = bathtub, shower, or bathroom with one of these two fixtures
* muváaylash = sink, washbasin, or bathroom with sink (but not a toilet or bathtub)
* pisáangalash = toilet

=== Bedroom, Living Room, and Office ===
* kuplash = bed
* kupú'ilash = bedroom
* taanat = blanket
* 'áa'alvish = book/story
* táwwilash = chair
* kut = lamp
* yukkavish = pillow
* nooli = to read
* laméesa = table
* waam tiiwilash = television

=== Currency ===
* purú'a(i) = to accumulate (money)
* sinnaval chooraat = coin
* sisínnaval = money (same word as &quot;money&quot; and &quot;silver&quot;)
* sinnaval = money or cash

=== Kitchen ===
* pakápkish = fork
* naachaxanish lo'xalash = kitchen
* wokkilash = knife
* 'iitaat = refridgerator
* ko'chilash = stove or oven
* peshlish = plate or bowl
* 'iival = spoon

=== Machines ===
* toomawumal = battery
* qa$lapish = clapper
* toomawutal = electric/electronic

=== Stationery ===
* naawilash = pen, marker, or keyboard
* piwípwilash = pencil

=== Substances ===
* chiivut/ko$ólaxat = acid
* chiivní'i = to acidify
* sisínnaval qwayáqwyish = copper or gold
* sisínnaval = metal or silver (same word as &quot;money&quot;)

=== Transport ===
* kwaatilash = school bus

=== Tools ===
* waakilash = broom or brush
* heyyilash = shovel

=== Weapons ===
* patkilash = gun

== Numbers ==
* qay haaya = to abound
* woy'a(i) = to count
* supúl = one (but can also be used as an optional indefinite article with the meaning of a/an)
* weh = two
* paahey = three
* wasá' = four
* maháar = five
* paváahay = six
* kavíkvish = seven
* $iwlash = eight
* nomaawasá' = nine
* tappaat = ten

== People and Bodies ==

=== Bodily Functions ===
* qay pitóowili choxaqati mokna = to abort a child
* hakwís = to breathe
* pi'muk = to die or be dead
* puti' = to dream about
* 'aaw = to live or be alive
* kup = to sleep
* xula = to sweat
* haaqwi = to yawn
* haka = to yawn

=== Bodily Substances ===

* 'owla = blood
* $aa'ish = feces

=== Body Parts ===

* 'iyé'iyish = ankle
* maa = arm, hand
* qwalma = armpit
* maachat = back
* qli = back of the neck (inalienable)
* muu$il = beard
* tee'la = belly
* taaxaw = body (inalienable)
* kulaawut = bone
* pit = breast
* 'aal = chest (inalienable)
* 'ooyi = chin (inalienable)
* toowish = corpse
* naq = ear (inalienable)
* naqla = ear
* pushla = eye
* push = face, eye (inalienable) 
* $ulát = fingernail or claw
* 'et = foot (inalienable)
* qwi = forehead (inalienable)
* piwíila = gray hair
* yu'/yuula = hair, head
* mat = hand
* no$úun = heart
* chíi'a = hip (inalienable)
* $ii = intestines
* 'echvash = left hand
* 'e' = leg, foot (inalienable)
* nooma = liver
* savásvash = lung
* tamát = mouth
* tma = mouth, teeth
* qalát = nape
* qelát = neck
* muuvi = nose (inalienable)
* muuvil = nose or nasal passages
* pli = right hand (inalienable)
* yuutush = scalp or wig
* $ooka = shoulder
* taavash = skin
* tee' = stomach (inalienable)
* qasíivish = tail
* xaara = throat (inalienable)
* xaarash = throat
* weeya/weeyi = tongue (inalienable)
* tamát = tooth

=== Diseases and Injuries ===
* muukil 'iyáxwimawish = abscess or purulent wound
* xeva = to have acne
* hulúka = to have an accident
* to'mivini = to hurt someone by accident
* muukil = boil or pimple
* naq taaxa = to have an earache
* kuma(i) = to have an earache or headache
* tiwa(i)/ya$á$a(i) = to hurt, ache
* $uyi = to itch
* taaxa(i) = to have a sideache
* $uypish = sting or bugbite
* koona(i)/poróvora (intransitive)/$angáwi (transitive)/tee' tiwa (intransitive) = to have a stomachache
* tamát tiwish = toothache
* tmay ku'áal qwa' = to have a toothache (literally &quot;to eat a maggot&quot;)
* muyi = to vomit

=== Emotional States ===
* putii'ish = dream
* naala = fear

=== Emotional Verbs ===
* $ala = to abhore, hate
* $owóo' = to be afraid
* $ala = to be unable to stand
* ngaa = to cry
* $uwóo' = to fear or be afraid of
* $ukka(i) = to be frightened or startled (intransitive) or to frighten or startle a person (transitive)
* tooya = to laugh
* hamooya = to be shy

=== Family Members ===
* keeka = aunt
* yuku = cousin (inalienable)
* $waamay = daughter (inalienable)
* kiiyam = family (inalienable)
* na' = father (inalienable)
* kwa' = maternal grandfather (inalienable)
* tu' = maternal grandmother (inalienable)
* yo' = mother (inalienable)
* 'alimay = nephew or niece (inalienable)
* paa'a$ = older brother (inalienable)
* qee'es = older sister (inalienable)
* ka' = paternal grandparent (inalienable)
* kaamay = son (inalienable)
* nukmu = uncle
* $ungaaki = wife
* peet = younger brother (inalienable)
* piit = younger sister (inalienable)

=== Types of People ===
* 'ahíichu = abandoned person
* qamí'i-nóotuy = to abdicate
* 'uví'vish = absentminded person
* kihúutsamal = baby
* muu$ikat = bearded person (same as the word for goat)
* hengéemal = boy
* noot = chief, leader
* kihaat = child
* 'ashkat = cowboy or rancher
* tengalkat = doctor
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* nawítmal = girl
* hamú'wish = indigenous person
* hamúulawish = indigenous person
* ya'ásh = man
* 'ahíichu = orphan
* namkuqwat kwiil = performer of a ceremony to make acorns grow
* 'atáax = person
* to$ngukat = police officer, commander, director, or principal
* momngawish = sailor (same word as &quot;marine&quot; (adj))
* puula = shaman
* heelikat = singer
* neqpikat = soldier
* huu'unikat = teacher
* $ungáal = woman

== Suffixes ==

* -oto = according to (functions as a suffix added to nouns)
* -mal = little/dear (diminutive)
* -kat = one who has or does
* -ma = should have, would have, or every day
* -kun = times/instances
* -lash = tool or instrument used to perform the function

== Religion and Spirituality ==
* 'ina(i) = to absolve (a sin)
* tolmul = afterlife
* yuungawish = deity or powerful spirit
* taaxku = fire-tender (a ceremonial leader who drank water used to wash the clothes of a deceased person)
* namkuqwat kwiil = performer of a ceremony to make acorns grow
* teela = prayer (same word as &quot;language&quot;)
* toowish = spirit or ghost of deceased person

== Traditional Objects and Concepts ==

=== Abstract Culture ===

* qapúta = to abbreviate
* pelaxish = to dance
* pélla = to dance
* pumi = to initiate a boy into manhood
* wiqeni  = to initiate a girl into womanhood
* tungla = name or title
* héela = to sing
* heelaxish = song
* teelat = spoken word or language

=== Clothing and Jewelry ===

* yumpish = basketry hat
* miyxanish = clothing
* paaxwichat = earring
* cheeyat = feather headband
* yumpish = hat
* piwíish = headband (same word for &quot;Milky Way&quot;)
* tóonav = to make baskets
* qenxat = necklace
* wiiru = to play a flute
* wachxat = shoes
* olval = skirt

=== Objects ===
* $avárvash = abrasive (noun)
* chuunga(i) = to absorb
* chuungkawut = absorbent (noun)
* huula = arrow
* yoowlash = arrow straightener
* teelingish = ash
* kunla = bag, sack
* ichilash kaarawut = bait
* waw'kish = ball game
* tukmal = basket
* pavyut = bead
* ngaw'lash = bed, mat for sleeping
* taanat = blanket, buckskin, or rug
* kutapish = bow
* nemeexát = bow (sinew-backed)
* pawxit = canoe
* iikat = carrying net
* wotilash = club (tool)
* qeepish = cradleboard
* nax'a = digging stick
* icháqilash = drinking cup
* moorilash = fire drill (a stick to start a fire, not an emergency preparation event)
* kut pochuyila = fireplace
* kulaawut = firewood
* iiqish = fish hook
* hunuuvat = fishing line
* wiirulash = flute
* $aanat = glue
* neexwut = gourd rattle
* malaal = grinding stone
* pikát = knife
* tengalish = medicine
* toopal = mortar
* eevish = needle, awl
* navyót = ochre
* wotilish = paddle, oar
* toopawut = pestle
* $aanut = pitch, tar
* peshlish = pot
* taavalkwash = quiver
* páveut = sacred pointed stone used on the tip of ceremonial staffs
* tamish = sacred stone bowl 
* washpish = seed beater
* apmal = small basket
* huu$i = smoke
* $e'lalash = spear
* iival = stirring stick
* sinaval = string of shells used as currency
* paa'ayat = rattle
* paa'isval = red paint
* toota = rock
* wiichut = rope, string
* kotlash = thatch, roof
* waakat = throwing strick
* piveesash = tobacco pipe
* orilash = trap, snare
* $uyvish = trash
* wixét = tule boat
* wixee'et = tule boat
* paayut = turtle rattle
* toovish = white paint
* naawa(i) = to write, record, paint, draw, or inscribe (with a direct object, transitive)

== References ==

* https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/3
* https://quizlet.com/503767900/an-introduction-to-the-luiseno-language-nouns-1-flash-cards/
* https://www.instagram.com/paumaimls/
* Luiseño Word Builder (incomplete)
* https://asimplenature.com/local-legends-myths/luiseno/
* https://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/in-our-languages-luiseno/
* A Partial Grammar of Simplex and Complex Sentences In Luiseño by Davis, John Frederick (use for question words and conjunctions)
Convert these into proper citations.</text>
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    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/June</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T08:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>1227662</id>
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      <comment>Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="401" sha1="28h6usd29fm0os5iq466hzjvp7tkyc3" xml:space="preserve">{{talk archive}}

== GSTFILLING reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|GSTFILLING}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/GSTFILLING/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:29, 5 June 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 12:45, 5 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>User talk:~2026-36033-38</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T08:57:10Z</timestamp>
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        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
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      <comment>delete1 ([[m:User:ZbVl/VD|Vandoom]])</comment>
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== 2026-06-20 ==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. Apologies for writing this in English, but I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-36033-38|your recent contributions]] have been undone because you removed content without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;Wikibooks&lt;/span&gt; with an accurate [[:m:en:Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thanks. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- Glow-delete1 @ 1781945834141s --&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:57, 20 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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